CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8" /> <meta name='viewport' content='width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0' /> <meta http-equiv='X-UA-Compatible' content='IE=edge' /> <link rel="profile" href="https://gmpg.org/xfn/11" /> <title>George L. Mosse Prize in European Intellectual and Cultural History – AHA</title> <meta name="dc.description" content="The AHA awards the George L. Mosse Prize annually for an outstanding major work of extraordinary scholarly distinction, creativity, and originality in the intellectual and cultural history of Europe since 1500."> <meta name="dc.relation" content="https://www.historians.org/award-grant/george-l-mosse-prize/"> <meta name="dc.source" content="https://www.historians.org/"> <meta name="dc.language" content="en_US"> <meta name="description" content="The AHA awards the George L. Mosse Prize annually for an outstanding major work of extraordinary scholarly distinction, creativity, and originality in the intellectual and cultural history of Europe since 1500."> <meta name="robots" content="index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.historians.org/award-grant/george-l-mosse-prize/"> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.historians.org/award-grant/george-l-mosse-prize/"> <meta property="og:site_name" content="AHA"> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US"> <meta property="og:type" content="article"> <meta property="og:title" content="George L. Mosse Prize in European Intellectual and Cultural History – AHA"> <meta property="og:description" content="The AHA awards the George L. Mosse Prize annually for an outstanding major work of extraordinary scholarly distinction, creativity, and originality in the intellectual and cultural history of Europe since 1500."> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/AHA-open-graph.png"> <meta property="og:image:secure_url" content="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/AHA-open-graph.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="630"> <meta property="og:image:alt" content="AHA Open Graph"> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"> <meta name="twitter:title" content="George L. Mosse Prize in European Intellectual and Cultural History – AHA"> <meta name="twitter:description" content="The AHA awards the George L. Mosse Prize annually for an outstanding major work of extraordinary scholarly distinction, creativity, and originality in the intellectual and cultural history of Europe since 1500."> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/AHA-open-graph.png"> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//pro.fontawesome.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//fonts.googleapis.com' /> <link href='https://fonts.gstatic.com' crossorigin rel='preconnect' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="AHA » Feed" href="https://www.historians.org/feed/" /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='adsanity-default-css-css' href='https://www.historians.org/wp-content/plugins/adsanity/dist/css/widget-default.css?ver=1.9.3' media='screen' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://www.historians.org/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=6.6.2' media='all' /> <style id='wp-block-library-theme-inline-css'> .wp-block-audio :where(figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-audio :where(figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-audio{margin:0 0 1em}.wp-block-code{border:1px solid #ccc;border-radius:4px;font-family:Menlo,Consolas,monaco,monospace;padding:.8em 1em}.wp-block-embed :where(figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-embed :where(figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-embed{margin:0 0 1em}.blocks-gallery-caption{color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .blocks-gallery-caption{color:#ffffffa6}:root :where(.wp-block-image figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme :root :where(.wp-block-image figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-image{margin:0 0 1em}.wp-block-pullquote{border-bottom:4px solid;border-top:4px solid;color:currentColor;margin-bottom:1.75em}.wp-block-pullquote cite,.wp-block-pullquote footer,.wp-block-pullquote__citation{color:currentColor;font-size:.8125em;font-style:normal;text-transform:uppercase}.wp-block-quote{border-left:.25em solid;margin:0 0 1.75em;padding-left:1em}.wp-block-quote cite,.wp-block-quote footer{color:currentColor;font-size:.8125em;font-style:normal;position:relative}.wp-block-quote.has-text-align-right{border-left:none;border-right:.25em solid;padding-left:0;padding-right:1em}.wp-block-quote.has-text-align-center{border:none;padding-left:0}.wp-block-quote.is-large,.wp-block-quote.is-style-large,.wp-block-quote.is-style-plain{border:none}.wp-block-search .wp-block-search__label{font-weight:700}.wp-block-search__button{border:1px solid #ccc;padding:.375em .625em}:where(.wp-block-group.has-background){padding:1.25em 2.375em}.wp-block-separator.has-css-opacity{opacity:.4}.wp-block-separator{border:none;border-bottom:2px solid;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.wp-block-separator.has-alpha-channel-opacity{opacity:1}.wp-block-separator:not(.is-style-wide):not(.is-style-dots){width:100px}.wp-block-separator.has-background:not(.is-style-dots){border-bottom:none;height:1px}.wp-block-separator.has-background:not(.is-style-wide):not(.is-style-dots){height:2px}.wp-block-table{margin:0 0 1em}.wp-block-table td,.wp-block-table th{word-break:normal}.wp-block-table :where(figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-table :where(figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-video :where(figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-video :where(figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-video{margin:0 0 1em}:root :where(.wp-block-template-part.has-background){margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;padding:1.25em 2.375em} </style> <style id='wpseopress-local-business-style-inline-css'> span.wp-block-wpseopress-local-business-field{margin-right:8px} </style> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--color--fl-heading-text: #1c2f42;--wp--preset--color--fl-body-bg: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--fl-body-text: #484e57;--wp--preset--color--fl-accent: #266099;--wp--preset--color--fl-accent-hover: #266099;--wp--preset--color--fl-topbar-bg: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--fl-topbar-text: #757575;--wp--preset--color--fl-topbar-link: #2b7bb9;--wp--preset--color--fl-topbar-hover: #2b7bb9;--wp--preset--color--fl-header-bg: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--fl-header-text: #757575;--wp--preset--color--fl-header-link: #757575;--wp--preset--color--fl-header-hover: #2b7bb9;--wp--preset--color--fl-nav-bg: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--fl-nav-link: #757575;--wp--preset--color--fl-nav-hover: #2b7bb9;--wp--preset--color--fl-content-bg: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--fl-footer-widgets-bg: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--fl-footer-widgets-text: #757575;--wp--preset--color--fl-footer-widgets-link: #2b7bb9;--wp--preset--color--fl-footer-widgets-hover: #2b7bb9;--wp--preset--color--fl-footer-bg: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--fl-footer-text: #757575;--wp--preset--color--fl-footer-link: #2b7bb9;--wp--preset--color--fl-footer-hover: #2b7bb9;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='yoko-sso-frontend-css' href='https://www.historians.org/wp-content/plugins/yoko-sso-cp/assets/css/frontend.css?ver=1.0.1' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='font-awesome-5-css' href='https://pro.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.15.4/css/all.css?ver=2.8.3.5' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='icon-1614826904-css' href='https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/bb-plugin/icons/icon-1614826904/style.css?ver=2.8.3.5' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='fl-builder-layout-bundle-d07766ddd760ee8c8689598799bbd560-css' href='https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/bb-plugin/cache/d07766ddd760ee8c8689598799bbd560-layout-bundle.css?ver=2.8.3.5-1.4.10' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='linearicons-css' href='https://www.historians.org/wp-content/themes/yoko-AHA-child/assets/fonts/linearicons/style.css?ver=1.0.0' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='tablepress-default-css' href='https://www.historians.org/wp-content/plugins/tablepress/css/build/default.css?ver=2.4.4' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='jquery-magnificpopup-css' href='https://www.historians.org/wp-content/plugins/bb-plugin/css/jquery.magnificpopup.min.css?ver=2.8.3.5' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='base-css' href='https://www.historians.org/wp-content/themes/bb-theme/css/base.min.css?ver=1.7.16' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='fl-automator-skin-css' href='https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/bb-theme/skin-6737a33e53b0b.css?ver=1.7.16' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='fl-child-theme-looks-css' href='https://www.historians.org/wp-content/themes/yoko-AHA-child/assets/css/elements.css?ver=1732275407' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='fl-child-theme-utility-css' href='https://www.historians.org/wp-content/themes/yoko-AHA-child/assets/css/utility.css?ver=1728596572' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='fl-child-theme-css' href='https://www.historians.org/wp-content/themes/yoko-AHA-child/style.css?ver=1728596572' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='fl-builder-google-fonts-663d6ae92031a9e1fcfd32203fe90c26-css' href='//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Raleway%3A300%2C400%2C700%2C500%7CBaskervville%3A400&ver=6.6.2' media='all' /> <script src="https://www.historians.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://www.historians.org/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://www.historians.org/wp-json/wp/v2/award-grant/10657" /> <style type="text/css"> ol.footnotes>li {list-style-type:decimal;} ol.footnotes { color:#666666; } ol.footnotes li { font-size:80%; } </style> <style id="y0x-cache-css">body:not(.fl-builder-edit) [class*="xsso-show-for-"]{display:none}body.xsso-logged-in.xsso-role-administrator .xsso-show-for-administrator,body.logged-in.xsso-role-administrator .xsso-show-for-administrator{display:block}body.xsso-logged-in.xsso-role-editor .xsso-show-for-editor,body.logged-in.xsso-role-editor .xsso-show-for-editor{display:block}body.xsso-logged-in.xsso-role-author .xsso-show-for-author,body.logged-in.xsso-role-author .xsso-show-for-author{display:block}body.xsso-logged-in.xsso-role-contributor .xsso-show-for-contributor,body.logged-in.xsso-role-contributor .xsso-show-for-contributor{display:block}body.xsso-logged-in.xsso-role-subscriber .xsso-show-for-subscriber,body.logged-in.xsso-role-subscriber .xsso-show-for-subscriber{display:block}body.xsso-logged-in.xsso-role-member .xsso-show-for-member,body.logged-in.xsso-role-member .xsso-show-for-member{display:block}body.xsso-logged-in.xsso-role-non-member .xsso-show-for-non-member,body.logged-in.xsso-role-non-member .xsso-show-for-non-member{display:block}body.xsso-logged-in.xsso-role-advertiser .xsso-show-for-advertiser,body.logged-in.xsso-role-advertiser .xsso-show-for-advertiser{display:block}body.sso-loading::after{position:fixed;top:0;left:0;width:100vw;height:100vh;content:'';background-color:#fff;background-position:center center;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-image:url(https://www.historians.org/wp-content/plugins/yok0x-sso/assets/img/loader.gif);background-size:150px 200px;z-index:9999}body:not(.logged-in) .xsso-container>span{display:none;opacity:.000000001;transition:.1s opacity}body:not(.logged-in) .xsso-container>span:first-child{display:inline-block}body:not(.logged-in).xsso-logged-in .xsso-container .login-link{display:none}body:not(.logged-in).xsso-logged-in .xsso-container .logged-in-content{display:inline-block;opacity:1}body:not(.logged-in).xsso-logged-out .xsso-container .logged-in-content{display:none}body:not(.logged-in).xsso-logged-out .xsso-container .login-link{display:inline-block;opacity:1}</style> <style> .algolia-search-highlight { background-color: #fffbcc; border-radius: 2px; font-style: normal; } </style> <style>.breadcrumb {list-style:none;margin:0;padding-inline-start:0;}.breadcrumb li {margin:0;display:inline-block;position:relative;}.breadcrumb li::after{content:' / ';margin-left:5px;margin-right:5px;}.breadcrumb li:last-child::after{display:none}</style><link rel="icon" href="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/cropped-AHA-favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/cropped-AHA-favicon-192x192.png" sizes="192x192" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/cropped-AHA-favicon-180x180.png" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/cropped-AHA-favicon-270x270.png" /> <style id="wp-custom-css"> @media screen and (max-width: 1440px) { /* .header.side-navigation:not(.toggled) .nav-logo, .header.side-navigation:not(.toggled) ul.menu ul.sub-menu { display: block !important; } */ .header.side-navigation:not(.toggled) .nav-logo > .fl-module-content { margin-bottom: 20px; } } blockquote { border-color: #70C9BF !important; } .perspectives-article .feed-card .card-meta { flex-direction: column; align-items: flex-start; margin-bottom: 10px; } .perspectives-article .feed-card .card-meta p { margin: 0; } .perspectives-article .feed-card .card-meta p:last-of-type::before { display: none; } ul.menu > li.search input.fl-search-input { border-radius: 6px; border: 1px solid rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.10); background: rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.08); padding: 8px 12px 8px 46px; background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' width='20' height='20' viewBox='0 0 20 20' fill='none'%3E%3Cpath fill-rule='evenodd' clip-rule='evenodd' d='M8 3.99988C5.79086 3.99988 4 5.79074 4 7.99988C4 10.209 5.79086 11.9999 8 11.9999C10.2091 11.9999 12 10.209 12 7.99988C12 5.79074 10.2091 3.99988 8 3.99988ZM2 7.99988C2 4.68617 4.68629 1.99988 8 1.99988C11.3137 1.99988 14 4.68617 14 7.99988C14 9.29571 13.5892 10.4956 12.8907 11.4764L17.7071 16.2928C18.0976 16.6833 18.0976 17.3165 17.7071 17.707C17.3166 18.0975 16.6834 18.0975 16.2929 17.707L11.4765 12.8906C10.4957 13.5891 9.29583 13.9999 8 13.9999C4.68629 13.9999 2 11.3136 2 7.99988Z' fill='white'/%3E%3C/svg%3E"); background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: 20px; background-position: center left 12px; } ul.menu > li.search input.fl-search-input, ul.menu > li.search input.fl-search-input::placeholder { color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.80); font-size: 15px; font-weight: 500; line-height: 1; letter-spacing: 0.15px; } @media screen and (max-width: 1440px) { .header.side-navigation:not(.toggled) ul.menu > li.search input.fl-search-input { padding: 0; background-position: center; } .header.side-navigation:not(.toggled) ul.menu > li.search input.fl-search-input, .header.side-navigation:not(.toggled) ul.menu > li.search input.fl-search-input::placeholder { font-size: 0; } } @media screen and (max-width: 1440px) { .header.side-navigation:not(.toggled) ul.menu > li:not(.button, .search, .bottom-navigation) a { flex-direction: column; } .header.side-navigation:not(.toggled) ul.menu > li:not(.button, .search, .bottom-navigation) > a > span:not(.heroicon), .header.side-navigation:not(.toggled) ul.menu > li:not(.button, .search, .bottom-navigation) > div > a > span:not(.heroicon) { display: block; text-align: center; font-size: 10px; } .header.side-navigation:not(.toggled) ul.menu > li:not(.button, .search, .bottom-navigation) span.fl-menu-toggle, .header.side-navigation:not(.toggled) ul.menu > li:not(.button, .search, .bottom-navigation) span.fl-menu-toggle::after { display: none; } .header.side-navigation:not(.toggled) .nav-menu ul.menu > li { padding-right: 10px; padding-left: 10px; } } @media print { body.fl-theme-builder-header .fl-page::before { margin: 10px auto; height: 30px; } h1 { font-size: 20px; } h2 { font-size: 20px; } h3 { font-size: 18px; } h4 { font-size: 13px; } h5 { font-size: 13px; } h6 { font-size: 13px; } p, a, li { font-size: 8px !important; } .fl-module-fl-post-content h1, .fl-module-fl-post-content h2, .fl-module-fl-post-content h3, .fl-module-fl-post-content h4, .fl-module-fl-post-content h5, .fl-module-fl-post-content h6 { margin: 20px 0 20px; } .fl-module-fl-post-content > .fl-module-content { margin: 0 20px; } .banner .content-col { height: 100%; min-height: 100%; } .fl-col > .fl-col-content { padding: 5px 0 !important; } .meta-box > .fl-col-content { gap: 0 !important; } .meta-box .fl-col-group > .fl-col .fl-module { justify-content: flex-start !important; } .fl-module-fl-post-content img { width: 50% !important; } .seopress-user-consent { display: none !important; } } .invert .ahr .river-featured > .fl-col-content > .fl-col-group, .invert.ahr.river-featured > .fl-col-content > .fl-col-group { background: #651252 !important; } </style>  <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-T7R72C9N');</script>  <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Baskervville:ital@0;1&family=Raleway:ital,wght@0,100..900;1,100..900&display=swap" rel="stylesheet"> <script src="https://kit.fontawesome.com/7750e4f5a9.js" crossorigin="anonymous"></script> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="boomKWobaisc_FEVfYV-Wizb9wyHMKSU2ICGYxocZPo" /> </head> <body class="award-grant-template-default single single-award-grant postid-10657 fl-builder-2-8-3-5 fl-themer-1-4-10 fl-theme-1-7-16 use-lock-icons fl-theme-builder-singular fl-theme-builder-singular-single-post-awards-grants fl-theme-builder-footer fl-theme-builder-footer-footer fl-theme-builder-part fl-theme-builder-part-pre-footer-cta fl-theme-builder-header fl-theme-builder-header-header no-featured-image visible-banner fl-framework-base fl-preset-default fl-full-width fl-scroll-to-top fl-search-active" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/WebPage">  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-T7R72C9N" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript> <script id="y0x-cache-buster">const y0xGated=!1;const y0xLoggedIn=document.cookie.search("yok0x_sso_")!==-1;window.addEventListener('load',function(){var body=document.querySelector("body");if(y0xLoggedIn){if(y0xGated){var ssoCacheId="";try{ssoCacheId=document.cookie.split("; ").filter(function(ck){return ck.search("yok0x_sso_")===0})[0].split("=")[1].substr(-10)}catch(error){console.log(error)} if(document.location.search&&document.location.search.search("yokoSso")===-1){body.classList.add('sso-loading');setTimeout(function(){document.location.href=document.location.href+"&yokoSso="+ssoCacheId},200)}else if(!document.location.search){body.classList.add('sso-loading');setTimeout(function(){document.location.href=document.location.href+"?yokoSso="+ssoCacheId},200)}} body.classList.add("xsso-logged-in")}else{body.classList.add("xsso-logged-out")}},!1)</script><a aria-label="Skip to content" class="fl-screen-reader-text" href="#fl-main-content">Skip to content</a><div class="fl-page"> <header class="fl-builder-content fl-builder-content-2553 fl-builder-global-templates-locked" data-post-id="2553" data-type="header" data-sticky="1" data-sticky-on="all" data-sticky-breakpoint="medium" data-shrink="0" data-overlay="0" data-overlay-bg="transparent" data-shrink-image-height="50px" role="banner" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/WPHeader"><div class="fl-row fl-row-full-width fl-row-bg-none fl-node-opq45vdm0jei fl-row-default-height fl-row-align-center fl-visible-desktop fl-visible-large header side-navigation bg-gradient invert" data-node="opq45vdm0jei"> <div class="fl-row-content-wrap"> <div class="fl-row-content fl-row-full-width fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-fqornik8c9m2" data-node="fqornik8c9m2"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-o4pye35au9w7 nav-content-col" data-node="o4pye35au9w7"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-photo fl-node-jm2zl61ne5bh nav-logo" data-node="jm2zl61ne5bh"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-photo fl-photo-align-center" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"> <div class="fl-photo-content fl-photo-img-svg"> <a href="https://www.historians.org" target="_self" itemprop="url"> <img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="fl-photo-img wp-image-2551 size-full" src="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/AHA-logo.svg" alt="AHA logo" itemprop="image" height="80" width="182" title="AHA-logo" data-no-lazy="1" /> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-menu fl-node-qdiz7mvbx8e0 nav-menu" data-node="qdiz7mvbx8e0"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-menu fl-menu-accordion-collapse"> <div class="fl-clear"></div> <nav aria-label="Menu" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/SiteNavigationElement"><ul id="menu-main-navigation" class="menu fl-menu-accordion fl-toggle-arrows"><li id="menu-item-2611" class="search menu-item menu-item-type-gs_sim menu-item-object-gs_sim"><form aria-label="Search" method="get" role="search" action="https://www.historians.org/" title="Type and press Enter to search."> <input aria-label="Search" type="search" class="fl-search-input form-control" name="s" placeholder="Search" value="" onfocus="if (this.value === 'Search') { this.value = ''; }" onblur="if (this.value === '') this.value='Search';" /> </form> </li><li id="menu-item-1827" class="home menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-home"><a href="https://www.historians.org/"><span class="heroicon heroicon-home"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M2.25 12l8.954-8.955c.44-.439 1.152-.439 1.591 0L21.75 12M4.5 9.75v10.125c0 .621.504 1.125 1.125 1.125H9.75v-4.875c0-.621.504-1.125 1.125-1.125h2.25c.621 0 1.125.504 1.125 1.125V21h4.125c.621 0 1.125-.504 1.125-1.125V9.75M8.25 21h8.25"></path></svg></span><span>Home</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-68669" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children fl-has-submenu"><div class="fl-has-submenu-container"><a href="https://www.historians.org/why-history-matters/"><span class="heroicon heroicon-bookmark"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M17.593 3.322c1.1.128 1.907 1.077 1.907 2.185V21L12 17.25 4.5 21V5.507c0-1.108.806-2.057 1.907-2.185a48.507 48.507 0 0111.186 0z"></path></svg></span><span>Why History Matters</span></a><span class="fl-menu-toggle"></span></div><ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-1828" class="single-tab menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/why-history-matters/"><span class="heroicon heroicon-bookmark"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M17.593 3.322c1.1.128 1.907 1.077 1.907 2.185V21L12 17.25 4.5 21V5.507c0-1.108.806-2.057 1.907-2.185a48.507 48.507 0 0111.186 0z"></path></svg></span><span>Why History Matters</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-2408" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/why-history-matters/why-study-history/">Why Study History</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2409" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/why-history-matters/everything-has-a-history/">Everything Has a History</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2412" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/why-history-matters/engage-with-history/">Engage with History</a></li> <li id="menu-item-82656" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/why-history-matters/teaching-history-with-integrity/freedom-to-learn/">Freedom to Learn</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2411" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/why-history-matters/teaching-history-with-integrity/">Teaching History with Integrity</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2410" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/why-history-matters/aha-advocacy/">AHA Advocacy</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-68673" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children fl-has-submenu"><div class="fl-has-submenu-container"><a href="https://www.historians.org/teaching-learning/"><span class="heroicon heroicon-pencil-square"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M16.862 4.487l1.687-1.688a1.875 1.875 0 112.652 2.652L10.582 16.07a4.5 4.5 0 01-1.897 1.13L6 18l.8-2.685a4.5 4.5 0 011.13-1.897l8.932-8.931zm0 0L19.5 7.125M18 14v4.75A2.25 2.25 0 0115.75 21H5.25A2.25 2.25 0 013 18.75V8.25A2.25 2.25 0 015.25 6H10"></path></svg></span><span>Teaching & Learning</span></a><span class="fl-menu-toggle"></span></div><ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-1829" class="single-tab menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/teaching-learning/"><span class="heroicon heroicon-pencil-square"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M16.862 4.487l1.687-1.688a1.875 1.875 0 112.652 2.652L10.582 16.07a4.5 4.5 0 01-1.897 1.13L6 18l.8-2.685a4.5 4.5 0 011.13-1.897l8.932-8.931zm0 0L19.5 7.125M18 14v4.75A2.25 2.25 0 0115.75 21H5.25A2.25 2.25 0 013 18.75V8.25A2.25 2.25 0 015.25 6H10"></path></svg></span><span>Teaching & Learning</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-2424" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/teaching-learning/aha-resource-library/">AHA Resource Library</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2415" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/teaching-learning/k-12-education/">K–12 Education</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2416" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/teaching-learning/undergraduate-education/">Undergraduate Education</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2417" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/teaching-learning/graduate-education/">Graduate Education</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2419" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/teaching-learning/current-events-in-historical-context/">Current Events in Historical Context</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2420" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/teaching-learning/vetted-resources/">Vetted Resources</a></li> <li id="menu-item-82053" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/teaching-learning/teaching-things/">Teaching Things</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2423" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/teaching-learning/aha-historical-collections/">AHA Historical Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-68674" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children fl-has-submenu"><div class="fl-has-submenu-container"><a href="https://www.historians.org/events/"><span class="heroicon heroicon-calendar-days"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M6.75 3v2.25M17.25 3v2.25M3 18.75V7.5a2.25 2.25 0 012.25-2.25h13.5A2.25 2.25 0 0121 7.5v11.25m-18 0A2.25 2.25 0 005.25 21h13.5A2.25 2.25 0 0021 18.75m-18 0v-7.5A2.25 2.25 0 015.25 9h13.5A2.25 2.25 0 0121 11.25v7.5m-9-6h.008v.008H12v-.008zM12 15h.008v.008H12V15zm0 2.25h.008v.008H12v-.008zM9.75 15h.008v.008H9.75V15zm0 2.25h.008v.008H9.75v-.008zM7.5 15h.008v.008H7.5V15zm0 2.25h.008v.008H7.5v-.008zm6.75-4.5h.008v.008h-.008v-.008zm0 2.25h.008v.008h-.008V15zm0 2.25h.008v.008h-.008v-.008zm2.25-4.5h.008v.008H16.5v-.008zm0 2.25h.008v.008H16.5V15z"></path></svg></span><span>Events</span></a><span class="fl-menu-toggle"></span></div><ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-1830" class="single-tab menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/events/"><span class="heroicon heroicon-calendar-days"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M6.75 3v2.25M17.25 3v2.25M3 18.75V7.5a2.25 2.25 0 012.25-2.25h13.5A2.25 2.25 0 0121 7.5v11.25m-18 0A2.25 2.25 0 005.25 21h13.5A2.25 2.25 0 0021 18.75m-18 0v-7.5A2.25 2.25 0 015.25 9h13.5A2.25 2.25 0 0121 11.25v7.5m-9-6h.008v.008H12v-.008zM12 15h.008v.008H12V15zm0 2.25h.008v.008H12v-.008zM9.75 15h.008v.008H9.75V15zm0 2.25h.008v.008H9.75v-.008zM7.5 15h.008v.008H7.5V15zm0 2.25h.008v.008H7.5v-.008zm6.75-4.5h.008v.008h-.008v-.008zm0 2.25h.008v.008h-.008V15zm0 2.25h.008v.008h-.008v-.008zm2.25-4.5h.008v.008H16.5v-.008zm0 2.25h.008v.008H16.5V15z"></path></svg></span><span>Events</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-2426" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/events/annual-meeting/">Annual Meeting</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2427" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/events/aha-online/">AHA Online</a></li> <li id="menu-item-85651" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/events/aha-regional-conferences/">AHA Regional Conferences</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2428" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/events/institutes-workshops/">Institutes & Workshops</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2429" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/events/congressional-briefings/">Congressional Briefings</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2430" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/events/aha-events-calendar/">AHA Events Calendar</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-68676" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children fl-has-submenu"><div class="fl-has-submenu-container"><a href="https://www.historians.org/community-careers/"><span class="heroicon heroicon-user-group"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M18 18.72a9.094 9.094 0 003.741-.479 3 3 0 00-4.682-2.72m.94 3.198l.001.031c0 .225-.012.447-.037.666A11.944 11.944 0 0112 21c-2.17 0-4.207-.576-5.963-1.584A6.062 6.062 0 016 18.719m12 0a5.971 5.971 0 00-.941-3.197m0 0A5.995 5.995 0 0012 12.75a5.995 5.995 0 00-5.058 2.772m0 0a3 3 0 00-4.681 2.72 8.986 8.986 0 003.74.477m.94-3.197a5.971 5.971 0 00-.94 3.197M15 6.75a3 3 0 11-6 0 3 3 0 016 0zm6 3a2.25 2.25 0 11-4.5 0 2.25 2.25 0 014.5 0zm-13.5 0a2.25 2.25 0 11-4.5 0 2.25 2.25 0 014.5 0z"></path></svg></span><span>Community & Careers</span></a><span class="fl-menu-toggle"></span></div><ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-1831" class="single-tab menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/community-careers/"><span class="heroicon heroicon-user-group"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M18 18.72a9.094 9.094 0 003.741-.479 3 3 0 00-4.682-2.72m.94 3.198l.001.031c0 .225-.012.447-.037.666A11.944 11.944 0 0112 21c-2.17 0-4.207-.576-5.963-1.584A6.062 6.062 0 016 18.719m12 0a5.971 5.971 0 00-.941-3.197m0 0A5.995 5.995 0 0012 12.75a5.995 5.995 0 00-5.058 2.772m0 0a3 3 0 00-4.681 2.72 8.986 8.986 0 003.74.477m.94-3.197a5.971 5.971 0 00-.94 3.197M15 6.75a3 3 0 11-6 0 3 3 0 016 0zm6 3a2.25 2.25 0 11-4.5 0 2.25 2.25 0 014.5 0zm-13.5 0a2.25 2.25 0 11-4.5 0 2.25 2.25 0 014.5 0z"></path></svg></span><span>Community & Careers</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-2431" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/community-careers/awards-grants/">Awards & Grants</a></li> <li id="menu-item-65509" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/community-careers/affiliated-societies/">Affiliated Societies</a></li> <li id="menu-item-5625" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/community-careers/where-historians-work/">Where Historians Work</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2434" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/community-careers/directories/">Directories</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2435" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/community-careers/professional-career-resources/">Professional & Career Resources</a></li> <li id="menu-item-80525" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/community-careers/professional-career-resources/standards-and-guidelines-for-the-discipline/">Standards & Guidelines for the Discipline</a></li> <li id="menu-item-65517" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/community-careers/calls-for-opportunities/">Calls for Opportunities</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-68677" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children fl-has-submenu"><div class="fl-has-submenu-container"><a href="https://www.historians.org/news-publications/"><span class="heroicon heroicon-document-text"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M19.5 14.25v-2.625a3.375 3.375 0 00-3.375-3.375h-1.5A1.125 1.125 0 0113.5 7.125v-1.5a3.375 3.375 0 00-3.375-3.375H8.25m0 12.75h7.5m-7.5 3H12M10.5 2.25H5.625c-.621 0-1.125.504-1.125 1.125v17.25c0 .621.504 1.125 1.125 1.125h12.75c.621 0 1.125-.504 1.125-1.125V11.25a9 9 0 00-9-9z"></path></svg></span><span>News & Publications</span></a><span class="fl-menu-toggle"></span></div><ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-1832" class="single-tab menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/news-publications/"><span class="heroicon heroicon-document-text"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M19.5 14.25v-2.625a3.375 3.375 0 00-3.375-3.375h-1.5A1.125 1.125 0 0113.5 7.125v-1.5a3.375 3.375 0 00-3.375-3.375H8.25m0 12.75h7.5m-7.5 3H12M10.5 2.25H5.625c-.621 0-1.125.504-1.125 1.125v17.25c0 .621.504 1.125 1.125 1.125h12.75c.621 0 1.125-.504 1.125-1.125V11.25a9 9 0 00-9-9z"></path></svg></span><span>News & Publications</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-2437" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/news-publications/aha-news-announcements/">AHA News & Announcements</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2438" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/news-publications/american-historical-review/">American Historical Review</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2439" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/news-publications/perspectives-on-history/">Perspectives on History</a></li> <li id="menu-item-20902" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/news-publications/american-historical-review/history-in-focus/">History in Focus</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2441" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/news-publications/aha-booklets/">AHA Booklets</a></li> <li id="menu-item-87104" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/news-publications/data-on-the-historical-discipline/">Data on the Historical Discipline</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2442" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/news-publications/for-the-press/">For the Press</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-68679" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children fl-has-submenu"><div class="fl-has-submenu-container"><a href="https://www.historians.org/membership/"><span class="heroicon heroicon-users"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M15 19.128a9.38 9.38 0 002.625.372 9.337 9.337 0 004.121-.952 4.125 4.125 0 00-7.533-2.493M15 19.128v-.003c0-1.113-.285-2.16-.786-3.07M15 19.128v.106A12.318 12.318 0 018.624 21c-2.331 0-4.512-.645-6.374-1.766l-.001-.109a6.375 6.375 0 0111.964-3.07M12 6.375a3.375 3.375 0 11-6.75 0 3.375 3.375 0 016.75 0zm8.25 2.25a2.625 2.625 0 11-5.25 0 2.625 2.625 0 015.25 0z"></path></svg></span><span>Membership</span></a><span class="fl-menu-toggle"></span></div><ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-1833" class="single-tab menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/membership/"><span class="heroicon heroicon-users"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M15 19.128a9.38 9.38 0 002.625.372 9.337 9.337 0 004.121-.952 4.125 4.125 0 00-7.533-2.493M15 19.128v-.003c0-1.113-.285-2.16-.786-3.07M15 19.128v.106A12.318 12.318 0 018.624 21c-2.331 0-4.512-.645-6.374-1.766l-.001-.109a6.375 6.375 0 0111.964-3.07M12 6.375a3.375 3.375 0 11-6.75 0 3.375 3.375 0 016.75 0zm8.25 2.25a2.625 2.625 0 11-5.25 0 2.625 2.625 0 015.25 0z"></path></svg></span><span>Membership</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-2443" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/membership/why-join-the-aha/">Why Join the AHA</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2444" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/membership/individual-member-benefits/">Individual Member Benefits</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2445" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/membership/individual-member-rates/">Individual Member Rates</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2446" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/membership/institutional-membership/">Institutional Membership</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-68681" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children fl-has-submenu"><div class="fl-has-submenu-container"><a href="https://www.historians.org/about/"><span class="heroicon heroicon-information-circle"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M11.25 11.25l.041-.02a.75.75 0 011.063.852l-.708 2.836a.75.75 0 001.063.853l.041-.021M21 12a9 9 0 11-18 0 9 9 0 0118 0zm-9-3.75h.008v.008H12V8.25z"></path></svg></span><span>About</span></a><span class="fl-menu-toggle"></span></div><ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-1834" class="single-tab menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/about/"><span class="heroicon heroicon-information-circle"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M11.25 11.25l.041-.02a.75.75 0 011.063.852l-.708 2.836a.75.75 0 001.063.853l.041-.021M21 12a9 9 0 11-18 0 9 9 0 0118 0zm-9-3.75h.008v.008H12V8.25z"></path></svg></span><span>About</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-76687" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/about/donate/">Donate</a></li> <li id="menu-item-5628" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/about/aha-congressional-charter/">Congressional Charter</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2450" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/about/aha-staff/">AHA Staff</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2451" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/about/governance/">Governance</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2452" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/about/aha-history/">AHA History</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2454" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/about/faq/">Frequently Asked Questions</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2455" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/about/advertising/">Advertising</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2456" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/about/merchandise/">Merchandise</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2457" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/about/newsletters/">Newsletters</a></li> <li id="menu-item-5629" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/about/contact-us/">Contact Us</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-2741" class="bottom-navigation menu-item menu-item-type-gs_sim menu-item-object-gs_sim"><style id='fl-builder-layout-2739-inline-css'> .fl-node-d493flb6an8z .fl-menu .menu {}.fl-node-d493flb6an8z .menu .fl-has-submenu .sub-menu{display: none;}.fl-node-d493flb6an8z .fl-menu .sub-menu {background-color: #ffffff;-webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 20px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);-ms-box-shadow: 0 1px 20px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);box-shadow: 0 1px 20px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);}.fl-node-d493flb6an8z .fl-menu-horizontal.fl-toggle-arrows .fl-has-submenu-container a{padding-right: 28px;}.fl-node-d493flb6an8z .fl-menu-horizontal.fl-toggle-arrows .fl-menu-toggle,.fl-node-d493flb6an8z .fl-menu-horizontal.fl-toggle-none .fl-menu-toggle{width: 28px;height: 28px;margin: -14px 0 0;}.fl-node-d493flb6an8z .fl-menu-horizontal.fl-toggle-arrows .fl-menu-toggle,.fl-node-d493flb6an8z .fl-menu-horizontal.fl-toggle-none .fl-menu-toggle,.fl-node-d493flb6an8z .fl-menu-vertical.fl-toggle-arrows .fl-menu-toggle,.fl-node-d493flb6an8z .fl-menu-vertical.fl-toggle-none .fl-menu-toggle{width: 28px;height: 28px;margin: -14px 0 0;}.fl-node-d493flb6an8z .fl-menu li{border-top: 1px solid transparent;}.fl-node-d493flb6an8z .fl-menu li:first-child{border-top: none;}@media ( max-width: 768px ) {.fl-node-d493flb6an8z .fl-menu .menu > li{ display: inline-block; }.fl-node-d493flb6an8z .menu li {border-left: 1px solid transparent;border-top: none;}.fl-node-d493flb6an8z .menu li.fl-active > .sub-menu {display: block;visibility: visible;opacity: 1;}.fl-node-d493flb6an8z .menu li:first-child{border: none;}.fl-node-d493flb6an8z .menu li li{border-top: 1px solid transparent;border-left: none;}.fl-node-d493flb6an8z .menu .fl-has-submenu .sub-menu{position: absolute;top: 100%;left: 0;z-index: 10;visibility: hidden;opacity: 0;text-align:left;}.fl-node-d493flb6an8z .fl-has-submenu .fl-has-submenu .sub-menu{top: 0;left: 100%;}.fl-node-d493flb6an8z .mega-menu.fl-active .hide-heading > .sub-menu,.fl-node-d493flb6an8z .mega-menu-disabled.fl-active .hide-heading > .sub-menu {display: block !important;}.fl-node-d493flb6an8z .fl-menu-logo,.fl-node-d493flb6an8z .fl-menu-search-item {display: none;}} @media ( min-width: 769px ) {.fl-node-d493flb6an8z .fl-menu .menu > li{ display: inline-block; }.fl-node-d493flb6an8z .menu li{border-left: 1px solid transparent;border-top: none;}.fl-node-d493flb6an8z .menu li:first-child{border: none;}.fl-node-d493flb6an8z .menu li li{border-top: 1px solid transparent;border-left: none;}.fl-node-d493flb6an8z .menu .fl-has-submenu .sub-menu{position: absolute;top: 100%;left: 0;z-index: 10;visibility: hidden;opacity: 0;text-align:left;}.fl-node-d493flb6an8z .fl-has-submenu .fl-has-submenu .sub-menu{top: 0;left: 100%;}.fl-node-d493flb6an8z .fl-menu .fl-has-submenu:hover > .sub-menu,.fl-node-d493flb6an8z .fl-menu .fl-has-submenu.focus > .sub-menu{display: block;visibility: visible;opacity: 1;}.fl-node-d493flb6an8z .menu .fl-has-submenu.fl-menu-submenu-right .sub-menu{left: inherit;right: 0;}.fl-node-d493flb6an8z .menu .fl-has-submenu .fl-has-submenu.fl-menu-submenu-right .sub-menu{top: 0;left: inherit;right: 100%;}.fl-node-d493flb6an8z .fl-menu .fl-has-submenu.fl-active > .fl-has-submenu-container .fl-menu-toggle{-webkit-transform: none;-ms-transform: none;transform: none;}.fl-node-d493flb6an8z .fl-menu .fl-menu-toggle{display: none;}.fl-node-d493flb6an8z ul.sub-menu {padding-top: 0px;padding-right: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;}.fl-node-d493flb6an8z ul.sub-menu a {}}.fl-node-d493flb6an8z ul.fl-menu-horizontal li.mega-menu > ul.sub-menu > li > .fl-has-submenu-container a:hover {color: ;}.fl-node-d493flb6an8z .fl-menu .menu, .fl-node-d493flb6an8z .fl-menu .menu > li {font-size: 16px;line-height: 1;}.fl-node-d493flb6an8z .fl-menu {text-align: center;}.fl-node-d493flb6an8z .fl-menu .menu {justify-content: center;}.fl-node-d493flb6an8z .menu a {padding-top: 14px;padding-right: 14px;padding-bottom: 14px;padding-left: 14px;}.fl-node-d493flb6an8z .fl-menu .menu .sub-menu > li {font-size: 16px;line-height: 1;}@media(max-width: 768px) {.fl-node-d493flb6an8z .menu li.fl-has-submenu ul.sub-menu {padding-left: 15px;}.fl-node-d493flb6an8z .fl-menu .sub-menu {background-color: transparent;}} .fl-node-d493flb6an8z > .fl-module-content {margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;}@media ( max-width: 992px ) { .fl-node-d493flb6an8z.fl-module > .fl-module-content {margin-top:0px;margin-right:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:0px;}} </style> <div class="fl-builder-content fl-builder-content-2739 fl-builder-template fl-builder-module-template fl-builder-global-templates-locked" data-post-id="2739"><div class="fl-module fl-module-menu fl-node-d493flb6an8z header bottom-navigation" data-node="d493flb6an8z"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-menu"> <div class="fl-clear"></div> <nav aria-label="Menu" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/SiteNavigationElement"><ul id="menu-navigation-buttons" class="menu fl-menu-horizontal fl-toggle-none"><li id="menu-item-53371" class="button logged-in account menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a target="_blank" href="https://secure.historians.org/members/services/cgi-bin/memberdll.dll/info?wrp=mainloginwelcome.htm">MY AHA</a></li><li id="menu-item-68746" class="button logged-in communities menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a target="_blank" href="https://communities.historians.org/home"><span class="heroicon heroicon-user-group"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M18 18.72a9.094 9.094 0 003.741-.479 3 3 0 00-4.682-2.72m.94 3.198l.001.031c0 .225-.012.447-.037.666A11.944 11.944 0 0112 21c-2.17 0-4.207-.576-5.963-1.584A6.062 6.062 0 016 18.719m12 0a5.971 5.971 0 00-.941-3.197m0 0A5.995 5.995 0 0012 12.75a5.995 5.995 0 00-5.058 2.772m0 0a3 3 0 00-4.681 2.72 8.986 8.986 0 003.74.477m.94-3.197a5.971 5.971 0 00-.94 3.197M15 6.75a3 3 0 11-6 0 3 3 0 016 0zm6 3a2.25 2.25 0 11-4.5 0 2.25 2.25 0 014.5 0zm-13.5 0a2.25 2.25 0 11-4.5 0 2.25 2.25 0 014.5 0z"></path></svg></span> AHA Communities</a></li><li id="menu-item-2734" class="button logged-out log-in menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.historians.org/xsso/login?redirectURL=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.historians.org%2Faward-grant%2Fgeorge-l-mosse-prize%2F%3Fysso_log_in%3Dtrue">Log In</a></li><li id="menu-item-53714" class="button logged-in log-out menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="">Log Out</a></li><li id="menu-item-69825" class="button ghost-button donate menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a target="_blank" href="https://secure.historians.org/members/services/cgi-bin/memberdll.dll/info?wrp=donations.htm">Donate</a></li></ul></nav></div> </div> </div> </div></li></ul></nav></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-row fl-row-full-width fl-row-bg-none fl-node-c038ktagv2u6 fl-row-default-height fl-row-align-center fl-visible-medium fl-visible-mobile header bg-dark invert" data-node="c038ktagv2u6"> <div class="fl-row-content-wrap"> <div class="fl-row-content fl-row-fixed-width fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-8af2nckiey7q fl-col-group-equal-height fl-col-group-align-center fl-col-group-custom-width" data-node="8af2nckiey7q"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-83jrycfqitw6 fl-col-small fl-col-small-full-width fl-col-small-custom-width" data-node="83jrycfqitw6"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-photo fl-node-qyhel1d9bc6g nav-logo" data-node="qyhel1d9bc6g"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-photo fl-photo-align-left" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"> <div class="fl-photo-content fl-photo-img-svg"> <a href="https://www.historians.org" target="_self" itemprop="url"> <img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="fl-photo-img wp-image-2551 size-full" src="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/AHA-logo.svg" alt="AHA logo" itemprop="image" height="80" width="182" title="AHA-logo" data-no-lazy="1" /> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-col fl-node-n061krbovu7l fl-col-small fl-col-small-full-width fl-col-small-custom-width" data-node="n061krbovu7l"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-menu fl-node-64ys0qpa59wz nav-menu" data-node="64ys0qpa59wz"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-menu fl-menu-responsive-toggle-always"> <button class="fl-menu-mobile-toggle hamburger" aria-label="Menu"><span class="fl-menu-icon svg-container"><svg version="1.1" class="hamburger-menu" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" viewBox="0 0 512 512"> <rect class="fl-hamburger-menu-top" width="512" height="102"/> <rect class="fl-hamburger-menu-middle" y="205" width="512" height="102"/> <rect class="fl-hamburger-menu-bottom" y="410" width="512" height="102"/> </svg> </span></button> <div class="fl-clear"></div> <nav aria-label="Menu" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/SiteNavigationElement"><ul id="menu-main-navigation-1" class="menu fl-menu-horizontal fl-toggle-arrows"><li id="menu-item-2611" class="search menu-item menu-item-type-gs_sim menu-item-object-gs_sim"><form aria-label="Search" method="get" role="search" action="https://www.historians.org/" title="Type and press Enter to search."> <input aria-label="Search" type="search" class="fl-search-input form-control" name="s" placeholder="Search" value="" onfocus="if (this.value === 'Search') { this.value = ''; }" onblur="if (this.value === '') this.value='Search';" /> </form> </li><li id="menu-item-1827" class="home menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-home"><a href="https://www.historians.org/"><span class="heroicon heroicon-home"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M2.25 12l8.954-8.955c.44-.439 1.152-.439 1.591 0L21.75 12M4.5 9.75v10.125c0 .621.504 1.125 1.125 1.125H9.75v-4.875c0-.621.504-1.125 1.125-1.125h2.25c.621 0 1.125.504 1.125 1.125V21h4.125c.621 0 1.125-.504 1.125-1.125V9.75M8.25 21h8.25"></path></svg></span><span>Home</span></a></li><li id="menu-item-68669" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children fl-has-submenu"><div class="fl-has-submenu-container"><a href="https://www.historians.org/why-history-matters/"><span class="heroicon heroicon-bookmark"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M17.593 3.322c1.1.128 1.907 1.077 1.907 2.185V21L12 17.25 4.5 21V5.507c0-1.108.806-2.057 1.907-2.185a48.507 48.507 0 0111.186 0z"></path></svg></span><span>Why History Matters</span></a><span class="fl-menu-toggle"></span></div><ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-1828" class="single-tab menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/why-history-matters/"><span class="heroicon heroicon-bookmark"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M17.593 3.322c1.1.128 1.907 1.077 1.907 2.185V21L12 17.25 4.5 21V5.507c0-1.108.806-2.057 1.907-2.185a48.507 48.507 0 0111.186 0z"></path></svg></span><span>Why History Matters</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-2408" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/why-history-matters/why-study-history/">Why Study History</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2409" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/why-history-matters/everything-has-a-history/">Everything Has a History</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2412" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/why-history-matters/engage-with-history/">Engage with History</a></li> <li id="menu-item-82656" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/why-history-matters/teaching-history-with-integrity/freedom-to-learn/">Freedom to Learn</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2411" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/why-history-matters/teaching-history-with-integrity/">Teaching History with Integrity</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2410" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/why-history-matters/aha-advocacy/">AHA Advocacy</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-68673" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children fl-has-submenu"><div class="fl-has-submenu-container"><a href="https://www.historians.org/teaching-learning/"><span class="heroicon heroicon-pencil-square"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M16.862 4.487l1.687-1.688a1.875 1.875 0 112.652 2.652L10.582 16.07a4.5 4.5 0 01-1.897 1.13L6 18l.8-2.685a4.5 4.5 0 011.13-1.897l8.932-8.931zm0 0L19.5 7.125M18 14v4.75A2.25 2.25 0 0115.75 21H5.25A2.25 2.25 0 013 18.75V8.25A2.25 2.25 0 015.25 6H10"></path></svg></span><span>Teaching & Learning</span></a><span class="fl-menu-toggle"></span></div><ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-1829" class="single-tab menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/teaching-learning/"><span class="heroicon heroicon-pencil-square"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M16.862 4.487l1.687-1.688a1.875 1.875 0 112.652 2.652L10.582 16.07a4.5 4.5 0 01-1.897 1.13L6 18l.8-2.685a4.5 4.5 0 011.13-1.897l8.932-8.931zm0 0L19.5 7.125M18 14v4.75A2.25 2.25 0 0115.75 21H5.25A2.25 2.25 0 013 18.75V8.25A2.25 2.25 0 015.25 6H10"></path></svg></span><span>Teaching & Learning</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-2424" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/teaching-learning/aha-resource-library/">AHA Resource Library</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2415" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/teaching-learning/k-12-education/">K–12 Education</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2416" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/teaching-learning/undergraduate-education/">Undergraduate Education</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2417" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/teaching-learning/graduate-education/">Graduate Education</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2419" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/teaching-learning/current-events-in-historical-context/">Current Events in Historical Context</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2420" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/teaching-learning/vetted-resources/">Vetted Resources</a></li> <li id="menu-item-82053" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/teaching-learning/teaching-things/">Teaching Things</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2423" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/teaching-learning/aha-historical-collections/">AHA Historical Collections</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-68674" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children fl-has-submenu"><div class="fl-has-submenu-container"><a href="https://www.historians.org/events/"><span class="heroicon heroicon-calendar-days"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M6.75 3v2.25M17.25 3v2.25M3 18.75V7.5a2.25 2.25 0 012.25-2.25h13.5A2.25 2.25 0 0121 7.5v11.25m-18 0A2.25 2.25 0 005.25 21h13.5A2.25 2.25 0 0021 18.75m-18 0v-7.5A2.25 2.25 0 015.25 9h13.5A2.25 2.25 0 0121 11.25v7.5m-9-6h.008v.008H12v-.008zM12 15h.008v.008H12V15zm0 2.25h.008v.008H12v-.008zM9.75 15h.008v.008H9.75V15zm0 2.25h.008v.008H9.75v-.008zM7.5 15h.008v.008H7.5V15zm0 2.25h.008v.008H7.5v-.008zm6.75-4.5h.008v.008h-.008v-.008zm0 2.25h.008v.008h-.008V15zm0 2.25h.008v.008h-.008v-.008zm2.25-4.5h.008v.008H16.5v-.008zm0 2.25h.008v.008H16.5V15z"></path></svg></span><span>Events</span></a><span class="fl-menu-toggle"></span></div><ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-1830" class="single-tab menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/events/"><span class="heroicon heroicon-calendar-days"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M6.75 3v2.25M17.25 3v2.25M3 18.75V7.5a2.25 2.25 0 012.25-2.25h13.5A2.25 2.25 0 0121 7.5v11.25m-18 0A2.25 2.25 0 005.25 21h13.5A2.25 2.25 0 0021 18.75m-18 0v-7.5A2.25 2.25 0 015.25 9h13.5A2.25 2.25 0 0121 11.25v7.5m-9-6h.008v.008H12v-.008zM12 15h.008v.008H12V15zm0 2.25h.008v.008H12v-.008zM9.75 15h.008v.008H9.75V15zm0 2.25h.008v.008H9.75v-.008zM7.5 15h.008v.008H7.5V15zm0 2.25h.008v.008H7.5v-.008zm6.75-4.5h.008v.008h-.008v-.008zm0 2.25h.008v.008h-.008V15zm0 2.25h.008v.008h-.008v-.008zm2.25-4.5h.008v.008H16.5v-.008zm0 2.25h.008v.008H16.5V15z"></path></svg></span><span>Events</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-2426" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/events/annual-meeting/">Annual Meeting</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2427" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/events/aha-online/">AHA Online</a></li> <li id="menu-item-85651" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/events/aha-regional-conferences/">AHA Regional Conferences</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2428" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/events/institutes-workshops/">Institutes & Workshops</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2429" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/events/congressional-briefings/">Congressional Briefings</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2430" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/events/aha-events-calendar/">AHA Events Calendar</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-68676" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children fl-has-submenu"><div class="fl-has-submenu-container"><a href="https://www.historians.org/community-careers/"><span class="heroicon heroicon-user-group"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M18 18.72a9.094 9.094 0 003.741-.479 3 3 0 00-4.682-2.72m.94 3.198l.001.031c0 .225-.012.447-.037.666A11.944 11.944 0 0112 21c-2.17 0-4.207-.576-5.963-1.584A6.062 6.062 0 016 18.719m12 0a5.971 5.971 0 00-.941-3.197m0 0A5.995 5.995 0 0012 12.75a5.995 5.995 0 00-5.058 2.772m0 0a3 3 0 00-4.681 2.72 8.986 8.986 0 003.74.477m.94-3.197a5.971 5.971 0 00-.94 3.197M15 6.75a3 3 0 11-6 0 3 3 0 016 0zm6 3a2.25 2.25 0 11-4.5 0 2.25 2.25 0 014.5 0zm-13.5 0a2.25 2.25 0 11-4.5 0 2.25 2.25 0 014.5 0z"></path></svg></span><span>Community & Careers</span></a><span class="fl-menu-toggle"></span></div><ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-1831" class="single-tab menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/community-careers/"><span class="heroicon heroicon-user-group"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M18 18.72a9.094 9.094 0 003.741-.479 3 3 0 00-4.682-2.72m.94 3.198l.001.031c0 .225-.012.447-.037.666A11.944 11.944 0 0112 21c-2.17 0-4.207-.576-5.963-1.584A6.062 6.062 0 016 18.719m12 0a5.971 5.971 0 00-.941-3.197m0 0A5.995 5.995 0 0012 12.75a5.995 5.995 0 00-5.058 2.772m0 0a3 3 0 00-4.681 2.72 8.986 8.986 0 003.74.477m.94-3.197a5.971 5.971 0 00-.94 3.197M15 6.75a3 3 0 11-6 0 3 3 0 016 0zm6 3a2.25 2.25 0 11-4.5 0 2.25 2.25 0 014.5 0zm-13.5 0a2.25 2.25 0 11-4.5 0 2.25 2.25 0 014.5 0z"></path></svg></span><span>Community & Careers</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-2431" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/community-careers/awards-grants/">Awards & Grants</a></li> <li id="menu-item-65509" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/community-careers/affiliated-societies/">Affiliated Societies</a></li> <li id="menu-item-5625" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/community-careers/where-historians-work/">Where Historians Work</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2434" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/community-careers/directories/">Directories</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2435" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/community-careers/professional-career-resources/">Professional & Career Resources</a></li> <li id="menu-item-80525" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/community-careers/professional-career-resources/standards-and-guidelines-for-the-discipline/">Standards & Guidelines for the Discipline</a></li> <li id="menu-item-65517" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/community-careers/calls-for-opportunities/">Calls for Opportunities</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-68677" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children fl-has-submenu"><div class="fl-has-submenu-container"><a href="https://www.historians.org/news-publications/"><span class="heroicon heroicon-document-text"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M19.5 14.25v-2.625a3.375 3.375 0 00-3.375-3.375h-1.5A1.125 1.125 0 0113.5 7.125v-1.5a3.375 3.375 0 00-3.375-3.375H8.25m0 12.75h7.5m-7.5 3H12M10.5 2.25H5.625c-.621 0-1.125.504-1.125 1.125v17.25c0 .621.504 1.125 1.125 1.125h12.75c.621 0 1.125-.504 1.125-1.125V11.25a9 9 0 00-9-9z"></path></svg></span><span>News & Publications</span></a><span class="fl-menu-toggle"></span></div><ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-1832" class="single-tab menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/news-publications/"><span class="heroicon heroicon-document-text"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M19.5 14.25v-2.625a3.375 3.375 0 00-3.375-3.375h-1.5A1.125 1.125 0 0113.5 7.125v-1.5a3.375 3.375 0 00-3.375-3.375H8.25m0 12.75h7.5m-7.5 3H12M10.5 2.25H5.625c-.621 0-1.125.504-1.125 1.125v17.25c0 .621.504 1.125 1.125 1.125h12.75c.621 0 1.125-.504 1.125-1.125V11.25a9 9 0 00-9-9z"></path></svg></span><span>News & Publications</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-2437" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/news-publications/aha-news-announcements/">AHA News & Announcements</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2438" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/news-publications/american-historical-review/">American Historical Review</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2439" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/news-publications/perspectives-on-history/">Perspectives on History</a></li> <li id="menu-item-20902" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/news-publications/american-historical-review/history-in-focus/">History in Focus</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2441" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/news-publications/aha-booklets/">AHA Booklets</a></li> <li id="menu-item-87104" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/news-publications/data-on-the-historical-discipline/">Data on the Historical Discipline</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2442" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/news-publications/for-the-press/">For the Press</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-68679" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children fl-has-submenu"><div class="fl-has-submenu-container"><a href="https://www.historians.org/membership/"><span class="heroicon heroicon-users"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M15 19.128a9.38 9.38 0 002.625.372 9.337 9.337 0 004.121-.952 4.125 4.125 0 00-7.533-2.493M15 19.128v-.003c0-1.113-.285-2.16-.786-3.07M15 19.128v.106A12.318 12.318 0 018.624 21c-2.331 0-4.512-.645-6.374-1.766l-.001-.109a6.375 6.375 0 0111.964-3.07M12 6.375a3.375 3.375 0 11-6.75 0 3.375 3.375 0 016.75 0zm8.25 2.25a2.625 2.625 0 11-5.25 0 2.625 2.625 0 015.25 0z"></path></svg></span><span>Membership</span></a><span class="fl-menu-toggle"></span></div><ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-1833" class="single-tab menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/membership/"><span class="heroicon heroicon-users"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M15 19.128a9.38 9.38 0 002.625.372 9.337 9.337 0 004.121-.952 4.125 4.125 0 00-7.533-2.493M15 19.128v-.003c0-1.113-.285-2.16-.786-3.07M15 19.128v.106A12.318 12.318 0 018.624 21c-2.331 0-4.512-.645-6.374-1.766l-.001-.109a6.375 6.375 0 0111.964-3.07M12 6.375a3.375 3.375 0 11-6.75 0 3.375 3.375 0 016.75 0zm8.25 2.25a2.625 2.625 0 11-5.25 0 2.625 2.625 0 015.25 0z"></path></svg></span><span>Membership</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-2443" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/membership/why-join-the-aha/">Why Join the AHA</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2444" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/membership/individual-member-benefits/">Individual Member Benefits</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2445" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/membership/individual-member-rates/">Individual Member Rates</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2446" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/membership/institutional-membership/">Institutional Membership</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-68681" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children fl-has-submenu"><div class="fl-has-submenu-container"><a href="https://www.historians.org/about/"><span class="heroicon heroicon-information-circle"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M11.25 11.25l.041-.02a.75.75 0 011.063.852l-.708 2.836a.75.75 0 001.063.853l.041-.021M21 12a9 9 0 11-18 0 9 9 0 0118 0zm-9-3.75h.008v.008H12V8.25z"></path></svg></span><span>About</span></a><span class="fl-menu-toggle"></span></div><ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-1834" class="single-tab menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/about/"><span class="heroicon heroicon-information-circle"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M11.25 11.25l.041-.02a.75.75 0 011.063.852l-.708 2.836a.75.75 0 001.063.853l.041-.021M21 12a9 9 0 11-18 0 9 9 0 0118 0zm-9-3.75h.008v.008H12V8.25z"></path></svg></span><span>About</span></a></li> <li id="menu-item-76687" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/about/donate/">Donate</a></li> <li id="menu-item-5628" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/about/aha-congressional-charter/">Congressional Charter</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2450" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/about/aha-staff/">AHA Staff</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2451" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/about/governance/">Governance</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2452" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/about/aha-history/">AHA History</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2454" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/about/faq/">Frequently Asked Questions</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2455" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/about/advertising/">Advertising</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2456" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/about/merchandise/">Merchandise</a></li> <li id="menu-item-2457" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/about/newsletters/">Newsletters</a></li> <li id="menu-item-5629" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/about/contact-us/">Contact Us</a></li></ul></li><li id="menu-item-2741" class="bottom-navigation menu-item menu-item-type-gs_sim menu-item-object-gs_sim"><div class="fl-builder-content fl-builder-content-2739 fl-builder-template fl-builder-module-template fl-builder-global-templates-locked" data-post-id="2739"><div class="fl-module fl-module-menu fl-node-d493flb6an8z header bottom-navigation" data-node="d493flb6an8z"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-menu"> <div class="fl-clear"></div> <nav aria-label="Menu" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/SiteNavigationElement"><ul id="menu-navigation-buttons-1" class="menu fl-menu-horizontal fl-toggle-none"><li id="menu-item-53371" class="button logged-in account menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a target="_blank" href="https://secure.historians.org/members/services/cgi-bin/memberdll.dll/info?wrp=mainloginwelcome.htm">MY AHA</a></li><li id="menu-item-68746" class="button logged-in communities menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a target="_blank" href="https://communities.historians.org/home"><span class="heroicon heroicon-user-group"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24" stroke="currentColor"><path stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" d="M18 18.72a9.094 9.094 0 003.741-.479 3 3 0 00-4.682-2.72m.94 3.198l.001.031c0 .225-.012.447-.037.666A11.944 11.944 0 0112 21c-2.17 0-4.207-.576-5.963-1.584A6.062 6.062 0 016 18.719m12 0a5.971 5.971 0 00-.941-3.197m0 0A5.995 5.995 0 0012 12.75a5.995 5.995 0 00-5.058 2.772m0 0a3 3 0 00-4.681 2.72 8.986 8.986 0 003.74.477m.94-3.197a5.971 5.971 0 00-.94 3.197M15 6.75a3 3 0 11-6 0 3 3 0 016 0zm6 3a2.25 2.25 0 11-4.5 0 2.25 2.25 0 014.5 0zm-13.5 0a2.25 2.25 0 11-4.5 0 2.25 2.25 0 014.5 0z"></path></svg></span> AHA Communities</a></li><li id="menu-item-2734" class="button logged-out log-in menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://www.historians.org/xsso/login?redirectURL=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.historians.org%2Faward-grant%2Fgeorge-l-mosse-prize%2F%3Fysso_log_in%3Dtrue">Log In</a></li><li id="menu-item-53714" class="button logged-in log-out menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="">Log Out</a></li><li id="menu-item-69825" class="button ghost-button donate menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a target="_blank" href="https://secure.historians.org/members/services/cgi-bin/memberdll.dll/info?wrp=donations.htm">Donate</a></li></ul></nav></div> </div> </div> </div></li></ul></nav></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header><div class="fl-builder-content fl-builder-content-3960 fl-builder-global-templates-locked" data-post-id="3960" data-type="part"><div class="fl-row fl-row-full-width fl-row-bg-none fl-node-txkrspiqmze9 fl-row-default-height fl-row-align-center banner post-banner blank" data-node="txkrspiqmze9"> <div class="fl-row-content-wrap"> <div class="fl-row-content fl-row-fixed-width fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-md6t9oqsxl7k" data-node="md6t9oqsxl7k"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-n3yslwf05qdx text-center content-col max-750 centered" data-node="n3yslwf05qdx"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-heading fl-node-kleps3twog86 meta-info" data-node="kleps3twog86"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <h6 class="fl-heading"> <span class="fl-heading-text"><ul class='fl-award-type'><li><span class="award-for-publications">Award for Publications</span></li></ul></span> </h6> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-heading fl-node-nladqxwpco1i title" data-node="nladqxwpco1i"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <h1 class="fl-heading"> <span class="fl-heading-text">George L. Mosse Prize in European Intellectual and Cultural History</span> </h1> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-button fl-node-c0xrh53o7w6s invert" data-node="c0xrh53o7w6s"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-button-wrap fl-button-width-auto fl-button-has-icon"> <a href="/community-careers/awards-grants/" target="_self" class="fl-button"> <i class="fl-button-icon fl-button-icon-before linicon-chevron-left" aria-hidden="true"></i> <span class="fl-button-text">Back to Awards & Grants</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-sy9b87kphxtg" data-node="sy9b87kphxtg"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-9o8jl0frhuym fl-col-has-cols print-remove" data-node="9o8jl0frhuym"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-0o2fmb65d9nc fl-col-group-nested fl-col-group-equal-height fl-col-group-align-bottom fl-col-group-custom-width" data-node="0o2fmb65d9nc"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-32qw8j051vkz fl-col-small-custom-width" data-node="32qw8j051vkz"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-html fl-node-d2r4b0zvt9en breadcrumb" data-node="d2r4b0zvt9en"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-html"> <p><a href="https://www.historians.org">Home</a></p> <p>/ <a href="/community-careers/awards-grants/">Awards & Grants</a></p> <p>/ George L. Mosse Prize in European Intellectual and Cultural History</p></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-col fl-node-w7pchtegn8ux fl-col-small fl-col-small-full-width fl-col-small-custom-width" data-node="w7pchtegn8ux"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-html fl-node-37ck4w1se6z5 share-buttons" data-node="37ck4w1se6z5"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-html">  <div class="a2a_kit"> <a class="a2a_button_facebook"><i class="fa-brands fa-facebook"></i></a> <a class="a2a_button_linkedin"><i class="fa-brands fa-linkedin-in"></i></a> <a class="a2a_button_x"><i class="fa-brands fa-twitter"></i></a> <a class="a2a_dd" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share"><i class="fa-solid fa-share-nodes"></i></a> </div> <script async src="https://static.addtoany.com/menu/page.js"></script> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="fl-main-content" class="fl-page-content" itemprop="mainContentOfPage" role="main"> <div class="fl-builder-content fl-builder-content-4533 fl-builder-global-templates-locked" data-post-id="4533"><div class="fl-row fl-row-full-width fl-row-bg-none fl-node-x691euacpmz2 fl-row-default-height fl-row-align-center" data-node="x691euacpmz2"> <div class="fl-row-content-wrap"> <div class="fl-row-content fl-row-fixed-width fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-3la5d0ynus6z" data-node="3la5d0ynus6z"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-e801kujcztob meta-box" data-node="e801kujcztob"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-post-grid fl-node-no6hdexbyt0c" data-node="no6hdexbyt0c"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-post-feed" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/Blog"> <div class="fl-post-feed-post fl-post-align-default post-10657 award-grant type-award-grant status-publish hentry award-type-award-for-publications" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/CreativeWork"> <meta itemscope itemprop="mainEntityOfPage" itemtype="https://schema.org/WebPage" itemid="https://www.historians.org/award-grant/george-l-mosse-prize/" content="George L. Mosse Prize in European Intellectual and Cultural History" /><meta itemprop="datePublished" content="2024-05-14" /><meta itemprop="dateModified" content="2024-10-22" /><div itemprop="publisher" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/Organization"><meta itemprop="name" content="AHA"><div itemprop="logo" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"><meta itemprop="url" content="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/AHA-logo-blue.svg"></div></div><div itemscope itemprop="author" itemtype="https://schema.org/Person"><meta itemprop="url" content="https://www.historians.org/news/author/ltownsend-wpwww.historians.org/" /><meta itemprop="name" content="Liz Townsend" /></div><div itemprop="interactionStatistic" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/InteractionCounter"><meta itemprop="interactionType" content="https://schema.org/CommentAction" /><meta itemprop="userInteractionCount" content="0" /></div><div class="facetwp-template" data-name="award_and_grant_deadline_passed"> <div class="deadline-passed"> <div class="meta-item"> <h5 class="title">Submissions Are Closed</h5> <p>Deadline: May 15, 2025</p> </div> <div class="meta-item"><p>Award Type</p><p>Award for Publications</p></div> </div> </div></div> </div> <div class="fl-clear"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-cusbtj56iog9" data-node="cusbtj56iog9"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-txmie1c7wjo4 max-750 centered" data-node="txmie1c7wjo4"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-fl-post-content fl-node-cz7tq8ni5vke" data-node="cz7tq8ni5vke"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <p>The American Historical Association awards the George L. Mosse Prize annually for an outstanding major work of extraordinary scholarly distinction, creativity, and originality in the intellectual and cultural history of Europe since 1500.</p> <p>The current prize amount is $1,000.</p> <p>The general rules for submission are:</p> <ol> <li>Only books of a high scholarly distinction should be submitted. Research accuracy, originality, and literary merit are important selection factors.</li> <li>Books with a copyright of 2024 are eligible for the 2025 award.</li> <li>Nomination submissions may be made by an author or by a publisher. Publishers may submit as many entries as they wish. Authors or publishers may submit the same book for multiple AHA prizes.</li> <li>Nominators must complete an <a href="https://airtable.com/app8tAVBa1HTuDRia/shrVtRsQSDbKGeIHU" target="_blank" rel="noopener">online prize submission form</a> for each book submitted. Once you fill out the form you will receive an email with the committee’s contact information.</li> <li>One copy of each entry must be sent to each committee member and clearly labeled “Mosse Prize Entry.” Print copies preferred unless otherwise indicated. If only e-copy is available, please contact review committee members beforehand to arrange submission format.</li> </ol> <p><strong>Please Note: Entries must be received by May 15, 2025, to be eligible for the 2025 competition.</strong> Entries will not be returned. Recipients will be announced on the AHA website in October 2025 and recognized during a ceremony at the January 2026 AHA annual meeting in Chicago.</p> <p>For questions, please contact the <a href="mailto:awards@historians.org">Prize Administrator</a>.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-p9m1ug5rqw68" data-node="p9m1ug5rqw68"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-32lnh0otsm7f fl-col-has-cols text-center current-winner-person" data-node="32lnh0otsm7f"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-photo fl-node-ao0qiyrnwfpg" data-node="ao0qiyrnwfpg"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-photo fl-photo-crop-circle fl-photo-align-center" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"> <div class="fl-photo-content fl-photo-img-jpg"> <img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="fl-photo-img wp-image-10660 size-full" src="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/bb-plugin/cache/MosseGeorge-circle-d3a982f40148105e9a02144120206cda-ao0qiyrnwfpg.jpg" alt="George Mosse" itemprop="image" height="268" width="259" title="MosseGeorge" /> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-djywp0rnfa2e fl-col-group-nested" data-node="djywp0rnfa2e"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-ew8g5cbyj9zh" data-node="ew8g5cbyj9zh"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-heading fl-node-emqjt619ngku" data-node="emqjt619ngku"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <h5 class="fl-heading"> <span class="fl-heading-text">George L. Mosse</span> </h5> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-rich-text fl-node-2etwk6bqdpnl" data-node="2etwk6bqdpnl"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-rich-text"> <p>George L. Mosse (1918–99) was Bascom-Weinstein Professor of Jewish Studies at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. He was the author of suck works as <i>The Crisis of German Ideology: The Intellectual Origins of the Third Reich</i> (1964), <i>Toward the Final Solution: A History of European Racism</i> (1977), <i>Nationalism and Sexuality</i> (1985), and <i>The Image of Man: The Creation of Modern Masculinity</i> (1996). This prize was established with funds donated by former students, colleagues, and friends of Dr. Mosse.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="past-winners" class="fl-row fl-row-full-width fl-row-bg-none fl-node-pt82157bqkyr fl-row-default-height fl-row-align-center print-remove" data-node="pt82157bqkyr"> <div class="fl-row-content-wrap"> <div class="fl-row-content fl-row-fixed-width fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-ewk93nyj4bvp" data-node="ewk93nyj4bvp"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-q2ce3b7plsn1 fl-col-has-cols section-intro" data-node="q2ce3b7plsn1"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-qv26yma0du4l fl-col-group-nested fl-col-group-equal-height fl-col-group-align-bottom fl-col-group-custom-width" data-node="qv26yma0du4l"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-5kjb4m2xe0vu fl-col-small-custom-width content-col" data-node="5kjb4m2xe0vu"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-heading fl-node-ipwt83y1xlq0" data-node="ipwt83y1xlq0"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <h3 class="fl-heading"> <span class="fl-heading-text">Past Recipients</span> </h3> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-qfajl6si9nrh" data-node="qfajl6si9nrh"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-a8pziw0frsk9" data-node="a8pziw0frsk9"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-accordion fl-node-kjelviqg8rpm" data-node="kjelviqg8rpm"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-accordion fl-accordion-small fl-accordion-collapse"> <div class="fl-accordion-item "> <div class="fl-accordion-button" id="fl-accordion-kjelviqg8rpm-tab-0" aria-controls="fl-accordion-kjelviqg8rpm-panel-0" tabindex="0"> <a href="#" id="fl-accordion-kjelviqg8rpm-label-0" class="fl-accordion-button-label" tabindex="0" aria-controls="fl-accordion-kjelviqg8rpm-panel-0">Full Listing</a> <a href="#" id="fl-accordion-kjelviqg8rpm-icon-0" class="fl-accordion-button-icon" tabindex="-1"><i class="fl-accordion-button-icon fl-accordion-button-icon-right fas fa-plus"><span class="sr-only">Expand</span></i></a> </div> <div class="fl-accordion-content fl-clearfix" id="fl-accordion-kjelviqg8rpm-panel-0" aria-labelledby="fl-accordion-kjelviqg8rpm-tab-0" aria-hidden="true"> <p><strong>2024</strong><br /> <strong>Ari Joskowicz</strong>, <em>Rain of Ash: Roma, Jews, and the Holocaust (Princeton Univ. Press)</em></p> <p><strong>2023</strong><br /> <strong>Pamela H. Smith</strong>, <em>From Lived Experience to the Written Word: Reconstructing Practical Knowledge in the Early Modern World (Univ. of Chicago Press)</em></p> <p><strong>2022</strong><br /> <strong>Kira L. Thurman</strong>, <em>Singing Like Germans: Black Musicians in the Land of Bach, Beethoven, and Brahms (Cornell Univ. Press)</em></p> <p><strong>2021</strong><br /> <strong>Magda Teter</strong>, <em>Blood Libel: On the Trail of an Antisemitic Myth (Harvard Univ. Press)</em></p> <p><strong>2020</strong><br /> <strong>Joan Neuberger</strong>,<em> This Thing of Darkness: Eisenstein’s Ivan the Terrible in Stalin’s Russia (Cornell Univ. Press)</em></p> <p><strong>2019</strong><br /> <strong>Guy Beiner</strong>,<em> Forgetful Remembrance: Social Forgetting and Vernacular Historiography of a Rebellion in Ulster (Oxford Univ. Press)</em></p> <p><strong>2018</strong><br /> <strong>Yuri Slezkine</strong>,<em> The House of Government: A Saga of the Russian Revolution (Princeton Univ. Press)</em></p> <p><strong>2017</strong><br /> <strong>James Kloppenberg</strong>, <em>Toward Democracy: The Struggle for Self-Rule in European and American Thought (Oxford Univ. Press)</em></p> <p><strong>2016</strong><br /> <strong>Thomas Laqueur</strong>, <em>The Work of the Dead: A Cultural History of Mortal Remains (Princeton Univ. Press)</em></p> <p><strong>2015</strong><br /> <strong>Ekaterina Pravilova</strong>, <em>A Public Empire: Property and the Quest for the Common Good in Imperial Russia (Princeton Univ. Press)</em></p> <p><strong>2014</strong><br /> <strong>Derek Sayer</strong>, <em>Prague, Capital of the Twentieth Century: A Surrealist History (Princeton Univ. Press)</em></p> <p><strong>2013</strong><br /> <strong>Miranda Spieler</strong>, <em>Empire and Underworld: Captivity in French Guiana (Harvard Univ. Press)</em></p> <p><strong>2012</strong><br /> <strong>Sophus A. Reinert</strong>, <em>Translating Empire: Emulation and the Origins of Political Economy (Harvard Univ. Press)</em></p> <p><strong>2011</strong><br /> <strong>James Johnson</strong>, <em>Venice Incognito: Masks in the Serene Republic (Univ. of California Press)</em></p> <p><strong>2010</strong><br /> <strong>Suzanne Marchand</strong>, <em>German Orientalism in the Age of Empire (Cambridge Univ. Press)</em></p> <p><strong>2009</strong><br /> <strong>Stuart Schwartz</strong>, <em>All Can Be Saved: Religious Tolerance and Salvation in the Iberian Atlantic World (Yale Univ. Press)</em></p> <p><strong>2008</strong><br /> <strong>Atina Grossmann</strong>, <em>Jews, Germans, and Allies: Close Encounters in Occupied Germany (Princeton Univ. Press)</em></p> <p><strong>2007</strong><br /> <strong>David Blackbourn</strong>, <em>The Conquest of Nature: Water, Landscape, and the Making of Modern Germany (W.W. Norton)</em></p> <p><strong>2006</strong><br /> <strong>Sandra Herbert</strong>, <em>Charles Darwin, Geologist (Cornell Univ. Press)</em></p> <p><strong>2005</strong><br /> <strong>Jonathan Sheehan</strong>, <em>The Enlightenment Bible: Translation, Scholarship, Culture (Princeton Univ. Press)</em></p> <p><strong>2004</strong><br /> <strong>Siep Stuurman</strong>, <em>Francois Poulain de la Barre and the Invention of Modern Equality (Harvard Univ. Press)</em></p> <p><strong>2003</strong><br /> <strong>Sarah Maza</strong>, <em>The Myth of the French Bourgeoises: An Essay on the Social Imaginary, 1750-1850 (Harvard Univ. Press)</em></p> <p><strong>2002</strong><br /> <strong>Anthony LaVopa</strong>, <em>Fichte: The Self and the Calling of Philosophy, 1762-99 (Cambridge Univ. Press)</em></p> <p><strong>2001</strong><br /> <strong>Lionel Gossman</strong>, <em>Basel in the Age of Burckhardt: A Study in Unseasonable Ideas (Univ. of Chicago Press)</em></p> <p><strong>2000</strong><br /> <strong>Richard Wortman</strong>, <em>Scenarios of Power: Myth and Ceremony in Russian Monarchy: From Alexander II to the Abdication of Nicholas II, vol. 2 (Princeton Univ. Press)</em></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-row fl-row-full-width fl-row-bg-none fl-node-k7nd6xz0jtr3 fl-row-default-height fl-row-align-center print-remove" data-node="k7nd6xz0jtr3"> <div class="fl-row-content-wrap"> <div class="fl-row-content fl-row-fixed-width fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-usj8gwxvdmpn" data-node="usj8gwxvdmpn"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-wnlb1gzf07kr fl-col-has-cols section-intro" data-node="wnlb1gzf07kr"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-0824gc9yfhi3 fl-col-group-nested fl-col-group-equal-height fl-col-group-align-bottom fl-col-group-custom-width" data-node="0824gc9yfhi3"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-3ck9wfy06gdj fl-col-small-custom-width content-col" data-node="3ck9wfy06gdj"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-heading fl-node-f2dmts6pauhl" data-node="f2dmts6pauhl"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <h3 class="fl-heading"> <span class="fl-heading-text">Current Recipient</span> </h3> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-6r0ykpc74m9i fl-col-group-equal-height fl-col-group-align-center" data-node="6r0ykpc74m9i"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-ken5v0cuz3qt fl-col-has-cols river-contained river-image-content current-winner-river" data-node="ken5v0cuz3qt"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-ksc2vuhowb3f fl-col-group-nested fl-col-group-equal-height fl-col-group-align-center fl-col-group-custom-width" data-node="ksc2vuhowb3f"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-yjgo3fka5rtd fl-col-small fl-col-small-full-width fl-col-small-custom-width river-image-col fl-col-bg-photo" data-node="yjgo3fka5rtd"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"></div> </div> <div class="fl-col fl-node-oz32vtul7smx fl-col-small fl-col-small-full-width fl-col-small-custom-width river-content-col" data-node="oz32vtul7smx"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-heading fl-node-rlx7iyfa8do6" data-node="rlx7iyfa8do6"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <h4 class="fl-heading"> <span class="fl-heading-text">Ari Joskowicz, Vanderbilt University</span> </h4> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-rich-text fl-node-ytw493sbnicd" data-node="ytw493sbnicd"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-rich-text"> <p><em><a class="extLink" href="https://bookshop.org/a/11112/9780691244044" title="Rain of Ash">Rain of Ash: Roma, Jews, and the Holocaust</a></em> (Princeton Univ. Press)</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-builder-content fl-builder-content-116 fl-builder-global-templates-locked" data-post-id="116" data-type="part"><div class="fl-row fl-row-full-width fl-row-bg-photo fl-node-6168a570baf16 fl-row-default-height fl-row-align-center footer-cta" data-node="6168a570baf16"> <div class="fl-row-content-wrap"> <div class="fl-row-content fl-row-fixed-width fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-6168a570bbe38" data-node="6168a570bbe38"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-6168a570bbec7 text-center max-700 centered" data-node="6168a570bbec7"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-heading fl-node-6168a57e8563d title" data-node="6168a57e8563d"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <h2 class="fl-heading"> <span class="fl-heading-text">Join the AHA</span> </h2> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-rich-text fl-node-6168a59b41a36" data-node="6168a59b41a36"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-rich-text"> <p>The AHA brings together historians from all specializations and all work contexts, embracing the breadth and variety of activity in history today.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-button fl-node-6168a5be67254" data-node="6168a5be67254"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-button-wrap fl-button-width-auto fl-button-left"> <a href="/membership/" target="_self" class="fl-button"> <span class="fl-button-text">Become a Member</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div><footer class="fl-builder-content fl-builder-content-104 fl-builder-global-templates-locked" data-post-id="104" data-type="footer" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/WPFooter"><div class="fl-row fl-row-full-width fl-row-bg-none fl-node-6168ab9d33be3 fl-row-default-height fl-row-align-center footer footer-main bg-light" data-node="6168ab9d33be3"> <div class="fl-row-content-wrap"> <div class="fl-row-content fl-row-fixed-width fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-1dlyf2juehsa" data-node="1dlyf2juehsa"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-d4yiuhtg786c fl-col-has-cols" data-node="d4yiuhtg786c"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-jod8thrwpcmf fl-col-group-nested fl-col-group-equal-height fl-col-group-align-top fl-col-group-custom-width" data-node="jod8thrwpcmf"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-l8qvtjbpsrgo fl-col-small fl-col-small-full-width fl-col-small-custom-width" data-node="l8qvtjbpsrgo"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-photo fl-node-fbk4uzai285y" data-node="fbk4uzai285y"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-photo fl-photo-align-left" itemscope itemtype="https://schema.org/ImageObject"> <div class="fl-photo-content fl-photo-img-svg"> <a href="https://www.historians.org" target="_self" itemprop="url"> <img loading="lazy" decoding="async" class="fl-photo-img wp-image-2951 size-full" src="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/04/AHA-logo-blue.svg" alt="AHA logo" itemprop="image" height="80" width="174" title="AHA-logo-blue" /> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-rich-text fl-node-t7z6sdbvcyfg" data-node="t7z6sdbvcyfg"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-rich-text"> <p>400 A Street SE<br /> Washington, DC 20003</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-icon fl-node-kedpmq3ihl4v" data-node="kedpmq3ihl4v"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-icon-wrap"> <span class="fl-icon"> <a href="tel:2025442422" target="_self" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true" aria-labelledby="fl-icon-text-kedpmq3ihl4v"> <i class="linicon-telephone" aria-hidden="true"></i> <span class="sr-only">Give us a call!</span> </a> </span> <div id="fl-icon-text-kedpmq3ihl4v" class="fl-icon-text"> <a href="tel:2025442422" target="_self" class="fl-icon-text-link fl-icon-text-wrap"> <p>202.544.2422</p> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-icon fl-node-go0zfeq3w71s" data-node="go0zfeq3w71s"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-icon-wrap"> <span class="fl-icon"> <a href="https://www.historians.org/about/contact-us/" target="_self" tabindex="-1" aria-hidden="true" aria-labelledby="fl-icon-text-go0zfeq3w71s"> <i class="linicon-envelope" aria-hidden="true"></i> <span class="sr-only">Send us an email!</span> </a> </span> <div id="fl-icon-text-go0zfeq3w71s" class="fl-icon-text"> <a href="https://www.historians.org/about/contact-us/" target="_self" class="fl-icon-text-link fl-icon-text-wrap"> <p>Contact Us</p> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-rich-text fl-node-gacjydn76vwb" data-node="gacjydn76vwb"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-rich-text"> <p>Payments: PO Box 347214,<br /> Pittsburgh PA 15251-4214</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-module fl-module-icon-group fl-node-ucetqh8wzx5k" data-node="ucetqh8wzx5k"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-icon-group"> <span class="fl-icon"> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/american-historical-association" target="_blank" rel="noopener" > <i class="fab fa-linkedin-in" aria-hidden="true"></i> <span class="sr-only">LinkedIn</span> </a> </span> <span class="fl-icon"> <a href="https://twitter.com/AHAhistorians" target="_blank" rel="noopener" > <i class="fab fa-twitter" aria-hidden="true"></i> <span class="sr-only">Twitter</span> </a> </span> <span class="fl-icon"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/AHAhistorians" target="_blank" rel="noopener" > <i class="fab fa-facebook" aria-hidden="true"></i> <span class="sr-only">Facebook</span> </a> </span> <span class="fl-icon"> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/ahahistorians/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" > <i class="fab fa-instagram" aria-hidden="true"></i> <span class="sr-only">Instagram</span> </a> </span> <span class="fl-icon"> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/historiansorg" target="_blank" rel="noopener" > <i class="fab fa-youtube" aria-hidden="true"></i> <span class="sr-only">Youtube</span> </a> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-col fl-node-6dzbtmc7x1p4 fl-col-small fl-col-small-full-width fl-col-small-custom-width" data-node="6dzbtmc7x1p4"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-menu fl-node-0d9w8kliabn1" data-node="0d9w8kliabn1"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-menu"> <div class="fl-clear"></div> <nav aria-label="Menu" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/SiteNavigationElement"><ul id="menu-footer-navigation-column-a" class="menu fl-menu-vertical fl-toggle-none"><li id="menu-item-1838" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/why-history-matters/">Why History Matters</a></li><li id="menu-item-1839" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/teaching-learning/">Teaching & Learning</a></li><li id="menu-item-1840" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/events/">Events</a></li><li id="menu-item-1841" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/community-careers/">Community & Careers</a></li><li id="menu-item-1842" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/news-publications/">News & Publications</a></li></ul></nav></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-col fl-node-ir85vsj7yz1o fl-col-small fl-col-small-full-width fl-col-small-custom-width" data-node="ir85vsj7yz1o"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-menu fl-node-c4md5fb6eta0" data-node="c4md5fb6eta0"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-menu"> <div class="fl-clear"></div> <nav aria-label="Menu" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/SiteNavigationElement"><ul id="menu-footer-navigation-column-b" class="menu fl-menu-vertical fl-toggle-none"><li id="menu-item-1843" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/about/">About Us</a></li><li id="menu-item-1844" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/membership/">Membership</a></li><li id="menu-item-1845" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="https://secure.historians.org/members/services/cgi-bin/utilities.dll/openpage?wrp=mainlogin.htm">Login</a></li><li id="menu-item-1846" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom"><a href="/?s">Search</a></li><li id="menu-item-1847" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/about/donate/">Donate</a></li></ul></nav></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-col fl-node-1xgawuzk5psn fl-col-small fl-col-small-full-width fl-col-small-custom-width" data-node="1xgawuzk5psn"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-menu fl-node-872sq1059c4m" data-node="872sq1059c4m"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-menu"> <div class="fl-clear"></div> <nav aria-label="Menu" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/SiteNavigationElement"><ul id="menu-footer-navigation-column-c" class="menu fl-menu-vertical fl-toggle-none"><li id="menu-item-1849" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-privacy-policy"><a href="https://www.historians.org/privacy-policy/">Privacy Policy</a></li><li id="menu-item-1850" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/accessibility-statement/">Accessibility</a></li><li id="menu-item-76681" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page"><a href="https://www.historians.org/disclosure-statement/">Disclosure Statement</a></li></ul></nav></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-row fl-row-full-width fl-row-bg-none fl-node-yjbqv8uklc36 fl-row-default-height fl-row-align-center" data-node="yjbqv8uklc36"> <div class="fl-row-content-wrap"> <div class="fl-row-content fl-row-full-width fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-fu86mgiv4dxa" data-node="fu86mgiv4dxa"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-6l9amn0s3r4f" data-node="6l9amn0s3r4f"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-separator fl-node-oms18duxp35z" data-node="oms18duxp35z"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-separator"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-row fl-row-full-width fl-row-bg-none fl-node-9v2aykgc5izw fl-row-default-height fl-row-align-center footer footer-sub bg-light" data-node="9v2aykgc5izw"> <div class="fl-row-content-wrap"> <div class="fl-row-content fl-row-fixed-width fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-693ul5chbsr4 fl-col-group-custom-width" data-node="693ul5chbsr4"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-7lbsmi3acvxy fl-col-small-custom-width fl-col-has-cols" data-node="7lbsmi3acvxy"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-col-group fl-node-x946itgjcfkv fl-col-group-nested fl-col-group-equal-height fl-col-group-align-center fl-col-group-custom-width" data-node="x946itgjcfkv"> <div class="fl-col fl-node-0aed6vjf8qmo fl-col-small-custom-width" data-node="0aed6vjf8qmo"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-rich-text fl-node-5pi1jg9w4rkf" data-node="5pi1jg9w4rkf"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-rich-text"> <p>© 2024 American Historical Association. All right reserved.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fl-col fl-node-6yiz8k5w3v1o fl-col-small fl-col-small-full-width fl-col-small-custom-width" data-node="6yiz8k5w3v1o"> <div class="fl-col-content fl-node-content"><div class="fl-module fl-module-rich-text fl-node-jsch06d5u84t" data-node="jsch06d5u84t"> <div class="fl-module-content fl-node-content"> <div class="fl-rich-text"> <p><a href="https://www.yokoco.com/referral/?site=AHA">Website by Yoko Co</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </footer> </div> <a href="#" role="button" id="fl-to-top"><span class="sr-only">Scroll To Top</span><i class="fas fa-chevron-up" aria-hidden="true"></i></a><script type="text/javascript">var algolia = {"debug":false,"application_id":"717YPXIXJL","search_api_key":"76c370e5f7d83139101f45fa1a4f2073","powered_by_enabled":true,"query":"","autocomplete":{"sources":[],"input_selector":"input[name='s']:not(.no-autocomplete):not(#adminbar-search)"},"indices":{"searchable_posts":{"name":"aha_production_searchable_posts","id":"searchable_posts","enabled":true,"replicas":[]}}};</script><script id="adsanity_raw-js-extra"> var adsanity_raw = {"rest_url":"https:\/\/www.historians.org\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/ads\/","home_url":"https:\/\/www.historians.org\/"}; </script> <script src="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/plugins/adsanity-rotating-ad-widget/public/dist/js/adsanity-raw-public.js?ver=1.6.4" id="adsanity_raw-js"></script> <script src="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/plugins/yoko-sso-cp/assets/js/app.js?ver=1.0.1" id="yoko-sso-frontend-js"></script> <script src="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/plugins/bb-plugin/js/jquery.imagesloaded.min.js?ver=2.8.3.5" id="imagesloaded-js"></script> <script src="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/plugins/bb-plugin/js/jquery.ba-throttle-debounce.min.js?ver=2.8.3.5" id="jquery-throttle-js"></script> <script src="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/plugins/bb-plugin/js/jquery.fitvids.min.js?ver=1.2" id="jquery-fitvids-js"></script> <script src="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/bb-plugin/cache/376c6e60dd737fd950f317ddeef46c79-layout-bundle.js?ver=2.8.3.5-1.4.10" id="fl-builder-layout-bundle-376c6e60dd737fd950f317ddeef46c79-js"></script> <script src="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/themes/yoko-AHA-child/assets/js/mobile-search.js?ver=1.0.1" id="mobile_search-js"></script> <script src="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/plugins/bb-plugin/js/jquery.magnificpopup.min.js?ver=2.8.3.5" id="jquery-magnificpopup-js"></script> <script id="fl-automator-js-extra"> var themeopts = {"medium_breakpoint":"992","mobile_breakpoint":"768","scrollTopPosition":"800"}; </script> <script src="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/themes/bb-theme/js/theme.min.js?ver=1.7.16" id="fl-automator-js"></script> <script src="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/themes/yoko-AHA-child/assets/js/main.js?ver=1728596572" id="yoko-main-js"></script> <script async data-no-optimize="1" src="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/plugins/perfmatters/vendor/instant-page/pminstantpage.min.js?ver=2.3.3" id="perfmatters-instant-page-js"></script> <script src="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/uploads/bb-plugin/cache/2739-layout-partial.js?ver=e5c0dfd0efdac52407319ada41b426a6" id="fl-builder-layout-2739-js"></script> <link href="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/plugins/facetwp/assets/css/front.css?ver=4.3.3" rel="stylesheet"> <script src="https://www.historians.org/wp-content/plugins/facetwp/assets/js/dist/front.min.js?ver=4.3.3"></script> <script> window.FWP_JSON = {"prefix":"_","no_results_text":"No results found","ajaxurl":"https:\/\/www.historians.org\/wp-json\/facetwp\/v1\/refresh","nonce":"d5095d7069","preload_data":{"facets":[],"template":"","settings":{"debug":"Enable debug mode in [Settings > FacetWP > Settings]","pager":{"page":1,"per_page":10,"total_rows":14216,"total_pages":1422},"num_choices":[]}}}; window.FWP_HTTP = {"get":[],"uri":"award-grant\/george-l-mosse-prize","url_vars":[]}; </script> <script id="y0x-sso-userdata" defer>jQuery(document).ready(function($){function setCookie(cname,cvalue,exhours=1){const d=new Date();d.setTime(d.getTime()+(exhours*60*60*1000));let expires="expires="+d.toUTCString();document.cookie=cname+"="+cvalue+";"+expires+";path=/"} const parseCookie=str=>str.split(';').map(v=>v.split('=')).reduce((acc,v)=>{if(v[0]&&v[1]){acc[decodeURIComponent(v[0].trim())]=decodeURIComponent(v[1].trim())} return acc},{});const decodeUrlString=(str)=>{return decodeURIComponent(str.replace(/\+/g,"%20"))} const cookies=parseCookie(document.cookie);if(typeof y0xLoggedIn!=='undefined'&&y0xLoggedIn){if(document.referrer.search('//'+location.host)===-1){try{$.ajax({url:'/wp-json/sso/v1/is-logged-in',success:function(serverLoggedIn){if(!serverLoggedIn){window.location.href=window.location.href+'?ssoLogout'}},cache:!1})}catch(error){}} if(cookies.yok0x_sso_userdata){const userdata=cookies.yok0x_sso_userdata.split('&').reduce(function(prev,cur){const data=cur.split('=');prev[data[0]]=data[1];return prev},{});for(var idx in userdata){if(userdata[idx]){const outputs=document.querySelectorAll('.sso-'+idx+'').forEach(function(output){output.setHTML(decodeUrlString(userdata[idx]))});if(idx==="roles"){let roles=userdata[idx].split(encodeURIComponent(',')),body=document.querySelector("body");for(var ridx in roles){if(roles[ridx]){body.classList.add('xsso-role-'+roles[ridx])}}}}}}} $('.intent-login').click(function(e){e.preventDefault();var ts=Date.now(),destination;if(this.tagName.toLowerCase()==='a'){destination=$(this).attr('href');if(destination.indexOf("?")===-1){destination=destination+"?ts="+ts}else{destination=destination+"&ts="+ts} window.location.href=destination}else if($(this).is('form')){var $form=$(this);$('<input>').attr({type:'hidden',name:'ts',value:ts}).appendTo($form);$form.submit()}})})</script>   <script>;(function($){$(function(){new FLBuilderMenu({id:'d493flb6an8z',type:'horizontal',mobile:'expanded',mobileBelowRow:false,mobileFlyout:false,breakPoints:{large:1200,medium:992,small:768},mobileBreakpoint:'mobile',postId:'2739',mobileStacked:false,});});})(jQuery);</script></body> </html>