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Available in 50 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-50" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">50 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Frankrych" title="Portal:Frankrych – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Portal:Frankrych" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A9:%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="بوابة:فرنسا – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بوابة:فرنسا" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Fransa" title="Portal:Fransa – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Portal:Fransa" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Портал:Франция – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Портал:Франция" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porched:Bro-C%27hall" title="Porched:Bro-C'hall – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Porched:Bro-C'hall" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Fran%C3%A7a" title="Portal:França – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Portal:França" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port%C3%A1l:Francie" title="Portál:Francie – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Portál:Francie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Frankrig" title="Portal:Frankrig – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Portal:Frankrig" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17580674 badge-featuredportal mw-list-item" title="featured portal badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Frankreich" title="Portal:Frankreich – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Portal:Frankreich" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CF%8D%CE%BB%CE%B7:%CE%93%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%BB%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Πύλη:Γαλλία – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πύλη:Γαλλία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Francia" title="Portal:Francia – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Portal:Francia" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portalo:Francio" title="Portalo:Francio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Portalo:Francio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atari:Frantzia" title="Atari:Frantzia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Atari:Frantzia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%DA%AF%D8%A7%D9%87:%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%87" title="درگاه:فرانسه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="درگاه:فرانسه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portail:France" title="Portail:France – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Portail:France" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Francia" title="Portal:Francia – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Portal:Francia" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8F%AC%ED%84%B8:%ED%94%84%EB%9E%91%EC%8A%A4" title="포털:프랑스 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="포털:프랑스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AC:%D5%96%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Պորտալ:Ֆրանսիա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պորտալ:Ֆրանսիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0:%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8" title="प्रवेशद्वार:फ़्रान्स – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="प्रवेशद्वार:फ़्रान्स" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Francuska" title="Portal:Francuska – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Portal:Francuska" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Prancis" title="Portal:Prancis – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Portal:Prancis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portale:Francia" title="Portale:Francia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Portale:Francia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%9C:%D7%A6%D7%A8%D7%A4%D7%AA" title="פורטל:צרפת – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פורטל:צרפת" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98:%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%A4%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%92%E1%83%94%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="პორტალი:საფრანგეთი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="პორტალი:საფრანგეთი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Портал:Франция – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Портал:Франция" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Frankr%C3%A4ich" title="Portal:Frankräich – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Portal:Frankräich" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikisritis:Pranc%C5%ABzija" title="Vikisritis:Prancūzija – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vikisritis:Prancūzija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port%C3%A1l:Franciaorsz%C3%A1g" title="Portál:Franciaország – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Portál:Franciaország" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Портал:Франција – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Портал:Франција" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Perancis" title="Portal:Perancis – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Portal:Perancis" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portaal:Frankrijk" title="Portaal:Frankrijk – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Portaal:Frankrijk" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:%E3%83%95%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B9" title="Portal:フランス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Portal:フランス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%A2:_%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3" title="بوآ: فرانس – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بوآ: فرانس" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Francja" title="Portal:Francja – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Portal:Francja" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17580674 badge-featuredportal mw-list-item" title="featured portal badge"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Fran%C3%A7a" title="Portal:França – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Portal:França" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Fran%C8%9Ba" title="Portal:Franța – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Portal:Franța" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Портал:Франция – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Портал:Франция" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%BA:%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%82%E0%B7%81%E0%B6%BA" title="ද්වාරය:ප්‍රංශය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ද්වාරය:ප්‍රංශය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port%C3%A1l:Franc%C3%BAzsko" title="Portál:Francúzsko – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Portál:Francúzsko" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%95:%D9%81%DB%95%DA%95%DB%95%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7" title="دەروازە:فەڕەنسا – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دەروازە:فەڕەنسا" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Портал:Француска – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Портал:Француска" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Frankrike" title="Portal:Frankrike – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Portal:Frankrike" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%96%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A2:%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%9D%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%AA" title="สถานีย่อย:ประเทศฝรั่งเศส – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สถานีย่อย:ประเทศฝรั่งเศส" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Fransa" title="Portal:Fransa – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Portal:Fransa" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%A4%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Портал:Франція – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Портал:Франція" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%A8:%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3" title="باب:فرانس – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="باب:فرانس" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BB%95ng_th%C3%B4ng_tin:Ph%C3%A1p" title="Cổng thông tin:Pháp – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cổng thông tin:Pháp" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:%E6%B3%95%E5%9C%8B" title="Portal:法國 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="Portal:法國" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Fransa" title="Portal:Fransa – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Portal:Fransa" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:%E6%B3%95%E5%9B%BD" title="Portal:法国 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="Portal:法国" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3247097#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-portal" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a 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li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist noprint" style="text-align: center"> <p><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portal topics</a> - (<a href="/wiki/Special:RandomInCategory/All_portals" title="Special:RandomInCategory/All portals">Random portal</a>)<br /> </p> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Human_activities" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Activities</a></dd> 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href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Religion_and_belief_systems" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Religion</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Society_and_social_sciences" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Society</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals#Technology_and_applied_sciences" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Technology</a></dd></dl> </div> <hr /></div> <div style="float:right; width:100%"> <table width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:0 .3em; background-color:#E0DAE9; border:1px solid #ef4135; ; color: #80737C; font-weight: bold; font-size:0.9em; border-bottom:none; text-align:center;" width="32%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span style="color:">Main Page</span></a> </td> <td style="background-color:#f8fcff; border-bottom:none" width="2%">  </td> <td style="padding:0 .3em; background-color:#F0EDF3; border:1px solid #ef4135; color: #80737C; padding: .1em; text-align: center; font-weight:bold; font-size:0.9em; border-bottom:none; text-align:center;" width="32%"><a href="/wiki/Portal:France/Geography" title="Portal:France/Geography"><span style="color:">Gazetteer</span></a> </td> <td style="background-color:#f8fcff; border-bottom:none" width="2%">  </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:white;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #ef4135;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#0055a4;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:white;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3AFrance&action=edit"><span style="color:white">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="Welcome_to_the_France_Portal!Bienvenue_sur_le_Portail_France_!" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:white;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em"><span id="Welcome_to_the_France_Portal.21Bienvenue_sur_le_Portail_France_.21"></span>Welcome to the <big>France Portal</big>!<br /><i>Bienvenue sur le <big>Portail France</big> !</i></h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #ef4135;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:white;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <table border="0" style="background-color:transparent" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="1" align="right"> <tbody><tr> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_France.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag"><img alt="Flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/120px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/250px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Arms_of_the_French_Republic.svg/60px-Arms_of_the_French_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Arms_of_the_French_Republic.svg/90px-Arms_of_the_French_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Arms_of_the_French_Republic.svg/120px-Arms_of_the_French_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="304" data-file-height="364" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mapadefrancia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Mapadefrancia.svg/220px-Mapadefrancia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Mapadefrancia.svg/330px-Mapadefrancia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Mapadefrancia.svg/440px-Mapadefrancia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2132" data-file-height="2394" /></a><figcaption>Map of France in the world and position of its largest single land territory in continental Europe</figcaption></figure> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></b>, officially the <b>French Republic</b>, is a country located primarily in <a href="/wiki/Western_Europe" title="Western Europe">Western Europe</a>. <a href="/wiki/Overseas_France" title="Overseas France">Its overseas regions and territories</a> include <a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a> in <a href="/wiki/South_America" title="South America">South America</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon" title="Saint Pierre and Miquelon">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a> in the North Atlantic, the <a href="/wiki/French_West_Indies" title="French West Indies">French West Indies</a>, and <a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_France" title="List of islands of France">many islands</a> in <a href="/wiki/Oceania" title="Oceania">Oceania</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a>, giving it <a href="/wiki/Exclusive_economic_zone_of_France" title="Exclusive economic zone of France">one of the largest discontiguous exclusive economic zones in the world</a>. <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_France" title="Metropolitan France">Metropolitan France</a> shares borders with <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a> to the north, <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> to the northeast, <a href="/wiki/Switzerland" title="Switzerland">Switzerland</a> to the east, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a> to the southeast, <a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> to the south, and a maritime border with the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> to the northwest. Its metropolitan area extends from the <a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhine</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a> and from the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a> to the <a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">English Channel</a> and the <a href="/wiki/North_Sea" title="North Sea">North Sea</a>. Its <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_France" title="Regions of France">eighteen integral regions</a>—five of which are overseas—span a combined area of 632,702 km<sup>2</sup> (244,288 sq mi) and have an estimated total <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_France" title="Demographics of France">population</a> of over 68.6 million as of January 2025<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=France&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>. France is a <a href="/wiki/Semi-presidential_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-presidential system">semi-presidential republic</a> and its capital, <a href="/wiki/List_of_communes_in_France_with_over_20,000_inhabitants" title="List of communes in France with over 20,000 inhabitants">largest city</a> and main cultural and economic centre is <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>. </p><p>Metropolitan France was settled during the <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a> by <a href="/wiki/List_of_ancient_Celtic_peoples_and_tribes" title="List of ancient Celtic peoples and tribes">Celtic tribes</a> known as <a href="/wiki/Gauls" title="Gauls">Gauls</a> before <a href="/wiki/Roman_Gaul" title="Roman Gaul">Rome annexed the area</a> in 51 BC, leading to a distinct <a href="/wiki/Gallo-Roman_culture" title="Gallo-Roman culture">Gallo-Roman culture</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/Early_Middle_Ages" title="Early Middle Ages">Early Middle Ages</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Franks" title="Franks">Franks</a> formed the kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Francia" title="Francia">Francia</a>, which became the heartland of the <a href="/wiki/Carolingian_Empire" title="Carolingian Empire">Carolingian Empire</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Verdun" title="Treaty of Verdun">Treaty of Verdun</a> of 843 partitioned the empire, with <a href="/wiki/West_Francia" title="West Francia">West Francia</a> evolving into the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">Kingdom of France</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/High_Middle_Ages" title="High Middle Ages">High Middle Ages</a>, France was a powerful but decentralized <a href="/wiki/Feudalism" title="Feudalism">feudal</a> kingdom, but from the mid-14th to the mid-15th centuries, France was plunged into a dynastic conflict with <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">England</a> known as the <a href="/wiki/Hundred_Years%27_War" title="Hundred Years' War">Hundred Years' War</a>. In the 16th century, <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_France" title="Culture of France">French culture</a> flourished during the <a href="/wiki/French_Renaissance" title="French Renaissance">French Renaissance</a> and a <a href="/wiki/French_colonial_empire" title="French colonial empire">French colonial empire</a> emerged. Internally, France was dominated by the conflict with the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Habsburg" title="House of Habsburg">House of Habsburg</a> and the <a href="/wiki/French_Wars_of_Religion" title="French Wars of Religion">French Wars of Religion</a> between <a href="/wiki/Catholics" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholics">Catholics</a> and <a href="/wiki/Huguenots" title="Huguenots">Huguenots</a>. France was successful in the <a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a> and further increased its influence during the reign of <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV" title="Louis XIV">Louis XIV</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a> of 1789 overthrew the <span title="French-language text"><span lang="fr" style="font-style: normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ancien_R%C3%A9gime" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancien Régime">Ancien Régime</a></span></span> and produced the <a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen" title="Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen">Declaration of the Rights of Man</a>, which expresses the nation's ideals to this day. France reached its political and military zenith in the early 19th century under <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon Bonaparte</a>, subjugating part of continental Europe and establishing the <a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire">First French Empire</a>. The collapse of the empire initiated a period of relative decline, in which France endured the <a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Restoration_in_France" title="Bourbon Restoration in France">Bourbon Restoration</a> until the founding of the <a href="/wiki/French_Second_Republic" title="French Second Republic">French Second Republic</a> which was succeeded by the <a href="/wiki/Second_French_Empire" title="Second French Empire">Second French Empire</a> upon <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_III" title="Napoleon III">Napoleon III</a>'s takeover. His empire collapsed during the <a href="/wiki/Franco-Prussian_War" title="Franco-Prussian War">Franco-Prussian War</a> in 1870. This led to the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Third_French_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Third French Republic">Third French Republic</a>, and subsequent decades saw a period of economic prosperity and cultural and scientific flourishing known as the <a href="/wiki/Belle_%C3%89poque" title="Belle Époque">Belle Époque</a>. France was one of the <a href="/wiki/Triple_Entente" title="Triple Entente">major participants</a> of <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, from which <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Versailles" title="Treaty of Versailles">it emerged victorious</a> at great human and economic cost. It was among the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allies of World War II</a>, but it surrendered and <a href="/wiki/German_military_administration_in_occupied_France_during_World_War_II" title="German military administration in occupied France during World War II">was occupied</a> in 1940. Following <a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_France" title="Liberation of France">its liberation in 1944</a>, the short-lived <a href="/wiki/French_Fourth_Republic" title="French Fourth Republic">Fourth Republic</a> was established and later dissolved in the course of the defeat in the <a href="/wiki/Algerian_War" title="Algerian War">Algerian War</a>. The current <a href="/wiki/French_Fifth_Republic" title="French Fifth Republic">Fifth Republic</a> was formed in 1958 by <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a>. <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a> and most <a href="/wiki/French_colonies" class="mw-redirect" title="French colonies">French colonies</a> became independent in the 1960s, with the majority retaining <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7afrique" title="Françafrique">close economic and military ties with France</a>. </p><p>France retains its centuries-long status as a global centre <a href="/wiki/French_art" title="French art">of art</a>, <a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_France" title="Science and technology in France">science</a>, and <a href="/wiki/French_philosophy" title="French philosophy">philosophy</a>. <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_France" title="List of World Heritage Sites in France">It hosts</a> the <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Sites_by_country" title="World Heritage Sites by country">fourth-largest number</a> of <a href="/wiki/UNESCO_World_Heritage_Site" class="mw-redirect" title="UNESCO World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Sites</a> and is the <a href="/wiki/World_Tourism_rankings" title="World Tourism rankings">world's leading tourist destination</a>, having received 100 million foreign <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_France" title="Tourism in France">visitors in 2023</a>. A <a href="/wiki/Developed_country" title="Developed country">developed country</a>, France has a <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita">high nominal per capita income globally</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_France" title="Economy of France">its advanced economy</a> ranks among the largest in the world by both <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal)">nominal GDP</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP)">PPP-adjusted GDP</a>. It is a <a href="/wiki/Great_power" title="Great power">great power</a>, being one of the five <a href="/wiki/Permanent_members_of_the_United_Nations_Security_Council" title="Permanent members of the United Nations Security Council">permanent members of the United Nations Security Council</a> and an official <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_nuclear_weapons" title="List of states with nuclear weapons">nuclear-weapon state</a>. The country is part of <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_France#International_organization_membership" title="Outline of France">multiple international organizations and forums</a>. (<b><a href="/wiki/France" title="France">Full article...</a></b>) </p> <div class="noprint" style="margin:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em; padding:0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em; text-align:right;"><b> Read more about <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, its <a href="/wiki/History_of_France" title="History of France">history</a> and <a href="/wiki/French_people" title="French people">people</a> </b></div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> </div> <div style="text-align:center; margin:0.25em auto 0.75em"><span class="noprint plainlinks purgelink"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:France&action=purge"><span title="Purge this page"><b>Refresh with new selections below (purge)</b></span></a></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r996214246">.mw-parser-output .flex-columns-container{clear:both;width:100%;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap}.mw-parser-output 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style="clear:both;color:white;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #ef4135;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#0055a4;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:white;font-size:80%"></div><h2 id="Featured_article_–_show_another" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:white;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em"><span id="Featured_article_.E2.80.93_show_another"></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cscr-featured.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Cscr-featured.png/23px-Cscr-featured.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Cscr-featured.png/35px-Cscr-featured.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Cscr-featured.png/46px-Cscr-featured.png 2x" data-file-width="167" data-file-height="158" /></a></span> Featured article – <span class="noprint plainlinks purgelink"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:France&action=purge"><span title="Purge this page"><small><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white"><i>show another</i></span></small></span></a></span></h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #ef4135;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:white;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <div style="text-align: center;"><i><small>This is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:FA" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:FA">Featured article</a>, which represents some of the best content on English Wikipedia..</small></i></div> <hr /> <div class="thumb tleft" style="overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:310px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="thumbimage noresize" style="width:auto;overflow:auto;"> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Richard_Jack-The_Taking_of_Vimy_Ridge_(CWM_19710261-0160).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Richard_Jack-The_Taking_of_Vimy_Ridge_%28CWM_19710261-0160%29.jpg/250px-Richard_Jack-The_Taking_of_Vimy_Ridge_%28CWM_19710261-0160%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Richard_Jack-The_Taking_of_Vimy_Ridge_%28CWM_19710261-0160%29.jpg/330px-Richard_Jack-The_Taking_of_Vimy_Ridge_%28CWM_19710261-0160%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Richard_Jack-The_Taking_of_Vimy_Ridge_%28CWM_19710261-0160%29.jpg/500px-Richard_Jack-The_Taking_of_Vimy_Ridge_%28CWM_19710261-0160%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6899" data-file-height="4211" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="center"><i>The Battle of Vimy Ridge</i> by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Jack" title="Richard Jack">Richard Jack</a></div></div></div></div> <p>The <b><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vimy_Ridge" title="Battle of Vimy Ridge">Battle of Vimy Ridge</a></b> was part of the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arras_(1917)" title="Battle of Arras (1917)">Battle of Arras</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Pas-de-Calais" title="Pas-de-Calais">Pas-de-Calais</a> department of <a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">France</a>, during the <a href="/wiki/First_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First World War">First World War</a>. The main combatants were the four divisions of the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Corps" title="Canadian Corps">Canadian Corps</a> in the <a href="/wiki/First_Army_(United_Kingdom)" title="First Army (United Kingdom)">First Army</a>, against three divisions of the German <a href="/wiki/6th_Army_(German_Empire)" title="6th Army (German Empire)">6th Army</a>. The battle occurred from 9 to 12 April 1917, marking the commencement of the Battle of Arras and serving as the inaugural assault of the <a href="/wiki/Nivelle_Offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Nivelle Offensive">Nivelle Offensive</a>. The objective was to draw German reserves away from the French forces, preparing for a crucial offensive along the Aisne and the <a href="/wiki/Chemin_des_Dames" title="Chemin des Dames">Chemin des Dames</a> ridge several days later. </p><p>The Canadian Corps was to capture the German-held high ground of Vimy Ridge, an <a href="/wiki/Escarpment" title="Escarpment">escarpment</a> on the northern flank of the Arras front. This would protect the First Army and the <a href="/wiki/Third_Army_(United_Kingdom)" title="Third Army (United Kingdom)">Third Army</a> farther south from German <a href="/wiki/Enfilade" class="mw-redirect" title="Enfilade">enfilade</a> fire. Supported by a <a href="/wiki/Creeping_barrage" class="mw-redirect" title="Creeping barrage">creeping barrage</a>, the Canadian Corps captured most of the ridge during the first day. The village of <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9lus" title="Thélus">Thélus</a> fell during the second day, as did the crest of the ridge, once the Canadian Corps overran a <a href="/wiki/Salients,_re-entrants_and_pockets" class="mw-redirect" title="Salients, re-entrants and pockets">salient</a> against considerable German resistance. The final objective, a fortified knoll outside the village of <a href="/wiki/Givenchy-en-Gohelle" title="Givenchy-en-Gohelle">Givenchy-en-Gohelle</a>, fell to the Canadians on 12 April. The German 6th Army then retreated to the <a href="/wiki/Oppy,_Pas-de-Calais" title="Oppy, Pas-de-Calais">Oppy</a>–<a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9ricourt,_Pas-de-Calais" title="Méricourt, Pas-de-Calais">Méricourt</a> line. (<b><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vimy_Ridge" title="Battle of Vimy Ridge">Full article...</a></b>)<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1256386598">.mw-parser-output .cot-header-mainspace{background:#F0F2F5;color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cot-header-other{background:#CCFFCC;color:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cot-header-mainspace{background:#14181F;color:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cot-header-other{background:#003500;color:inherit}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cot-header-mainspace{background:#14181F;color:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cot-header-other{background:#003500;color:inherit}}</style> </p> <div style="margin-left:0"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-archivedtalk mw-collapsed" style="color:inherit; background: transparent; text-align: left; border: 1px solid Silver; margin: 0.2em auto auto; width:100%; clear: both; padding: 1px;"> <tbody><tr> <th class="cot-header-other" style="background:fff; font-size:87%; padding:0.2em 0.3em; text-align:center; color:#202122"><div style="font-size:115%;margin:0 4em"><span style="font-size:85%;">List of Featured articles</span></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; border: solid 1px Silver; padding: 0.6em; background: var(--background-color-base, #fff);"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/La_Coupole" title="La Coupole">La Coupole</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bal_des_Ardents" title="Bal des Ardents">Bal des Ardents</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/France_national_rugby_union_team" title="France national rugby union team">France national rugby union team</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Boulonnais_horse" title="Boulonnais horse">Boulonnais horse</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_de%27_Medici%27s_building_projects" title="Catherine de' Medici's building projects">Catherine de' Medici's building projects</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Les_p%C3%AAcheurs_de_perles" title="Les pêcheurs de perles">Les pêcheurs de perles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hotel_Chevalier" title="Hotel Chevalier">Hotel Chevalier</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/1906_French_Grand_Prix" title="1906 French Grand Prix">1906 French Grand Prix</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Falaise_Pocket" class="mw-redirect" title="Falaise Pocket">Falaise Pocket</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/La_Peau_de_chagrin" title="La Peau de chagrin">La Peau de chagrin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Second_Crusade" title="Second Crusade">Second Crusade</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_League_of_Cambrai" title="War of the League of Cambrai">War of the League of Cambrai</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Talbot_Tagora" title="Talbot Tagora">Talbot Tagora</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dien_Bien_Phu" title="Battle of Dien Bien Phu">Battle of Dien Bien Phu</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Fifth_Coalition" title="War of the Fifth Coalition">War of the Fifth Coalition</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Omaha_Beach" title="Omaha Beach">Omaha Beach</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_de%27_Medici" title="Catherine de' Medici">Catherine de' Medici</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Austerlitz" title="Battle of Austerlitz">Battle of Austerlitz</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Lambert_(novel)" title="Louis Lambert (novel)">Louis Lambert (novel)</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:white;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #ef4135;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#0055a4;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:white;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3AFrance%2FSelected_biography%2F7&action=edit"><span style="color:white">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="Featured_biography_–_show_another" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:white;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em"><span id="Featured_biography_.E2.80.93_show_another"></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cscr-featured.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Cscr-featured.png/23px-Cscr-featured.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Cscr-featured.png/35px-Cscr-featured.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Cscr-featured.png/46px-Cscr-featured.png 2x" data-file-width="167" data-file-height="158" /></a></span> Featured biography – <span class="noprint plainlinks purgelink"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:France&action=purge"><span title="Purge this page"><small><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494" /><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white"><i>show another</i></span></small></span></a></span></h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #ef4135;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:white;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <div style="float:left;margin-right:1em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pierre_Monteux,_Conductor_of_the_Ballets_Russes_(c1911-1914)_-_Gallica.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Monteux during his conductorship of Les Ballets Russes, c. 1912"><img alt="Monteux during his conductorship of Les Ballets Russes, c. 1912" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Pierre_Monteux%2C_Conductor_of_the_Ballets_Russes_%28c1911-1914%29_-_Gallica.jpg/250px-Pierre_Monteux%2C_Conductor_of_the_Ballets_Russes_%28c1911-1914%29_-_Gallica.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Pierre_Monteux%2C_Conductor_of_the_Ballets_Russes_%28c1911-1914%29_-_Gallica.jpg/330px-Pierre_Monteux%2C_Conductor_of_the_Ballets_Russes_%28c1911-1914%29_-_Gallica.jpg 2x" data-file-width="644" data-file-height="871" /></a></span> </div><b><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Monteux" title="Pierre Monteux">Pierre Benjamin Monteux</a></b> (4 April 1875 – 1 July 1964) was a French (later American) <a href="/wiki/Conducting" title="Conducting">conductor</a>. After violin and <a href="/wiki/Viola" title="Viola">viola</a> studies, and a decade as an orchestral player and occasional conductor, he began to receive regular conducting engagements in 1907. He came to prominence when, for <a href="/wiki/Sergei_Diaghilev" title="Sergei Diaghilev">Sergei Diaghilev</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Ballets_Russes" title="Ballets Russes">Ballets Russes</a> company between 1911 and 1914, he conducted the world premieres of <a href="/wiki/Igor_Stravinsky" title="Igor Stravinsky">Stravinsky</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Rite_of_Spring" title="The Rite of Spring">The Rite of Spring</a></i> and other prominent works including <i><a href="/wiki/Petrushka_(ballet)" title="Petrushka (ballet)">Petrushka</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Ravel" title="Maurice Ravel">Ravel</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Daphnis_et_Chlo%C3%A9" title="Daphnis et Chloé">Daphnis et Chloé</a></i>, and <a href="/wiki/Claude_Debussy" title="Claude Debussy">Debussy</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Jeux" title="Jeux">Jeux</a></i>. Thereafter he directed orchestras around the world for more than half a century. <p>From 1917 to 1919 Monteux was the principal conductor of the French repertoire at the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera" title="Metropolitan Opera">Metropolitan Opera</a> in New York. He led the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Symphony_Orchestra" title="Boston Symphony Orchestra">Boston Symphony Orchestra</a> (1919–24), <a href="/wiki/Royal_Concertgebouw_Orchestra" title="Royal Concertgebouw Orchestra">Amsterdam Concertgebouw Orchestra</a> (1924–34), <a href="/wiki/Orchestre_Symphonique_de_Paris" class="mw-redirect" title="Orchestre Symphonique de Paris">Orchestre Symphonique de Paris</a> (1929–38) and <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Symphony" title="San Francisco Symphony">San Francisco Symphony</a> (1936–52). In 1961, aged eighty-six, he accepted the chief conductorship of the <a href="/wiki/London_Symphony_Orchestra" title="London Symphony Orchestra">London Symphony Orchestra</a>, a post which he held until his death three years later. Although known for his performances of the French repertoire, his chief love was the music of German composers, above all <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Brahms" title="Johannes Brahms">Brahms</a>. </p><p>In 1932 he began a conducting class in Paris, which he developed into a summer school that was later moved to his summer home in <a href="/wiki/Les_Baux-de-Provence" title="Les Baux-de-Provence">Les Baux</a> in the south of France. After moving permanently to the US in 1942, and taking American citizenship, he founded <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Monteux_School" title="Pierre Monteux School">a school</a> for conductors and orchestral musicians in <a href="/wiki/Hancock,_Maine" title="Hancock, Maine">Hancock, Maine</a>. </p> <table class="noprint" width="100%" border="0" style="padding: 0; margin: 0; background-color:transparent"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="text-align:left;"><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:France/Selected_biography" title="Portal:France/Selected biography">More selected biographies</a></b></div></td> <td> <div style="text-align:right;margin-right:10px;margin-bottom:4px;"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Monteux" title="Pierre Monteux">Read more...</a></b> </p> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;"></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:white;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #ef4135;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#0055a4;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:white;font-size:80%"></div><h2 id="Selected_fare_or_cuisine_–_show_another" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:white;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em"><span id="Selected_fare_or_cuisine_.E2.80.93_show_another"></span>Selected fare or cuisine – <span class="noprint plainlinks purgelink"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:France&action=purge"><span title="Purge this page"><small><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494" /><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white"><i>show another</i></span></small></span></a></span></h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #ef4135;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:white;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Caracoles-del-restaurante-granero.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Caracoles-del-restaurante-granero.jpg/250px-Caracoles-del-restaurante-granero.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Caracoles-del-restaurante-granero.jpg/500px-Caracoles-del-restaurante-granero.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="525" /></a><figcaption>Snail dish from <a href="/wiki/Toledo,_Spain" title="Toledo, Spain">Toledo, Spain</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Snail" title="Snail">Snails</a> are eaten by humans in many areas such as Africa, <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_basin" title="Mediterranean basin">Mediterranean Europe</a>, while in other cultures, snails are seen as a <a href="/wiki/Taboo_food" class="mw-redirect" title="Taboo food">taboo food</a>. In English, edible land snails are commonly called <b><a href="/wiki/Snails_as_food" title="Snails as food">escargot</a></b>, from the French word for 'snail'. Snails as a food date back to ancient times, with numerous cultures worldwide having traditions and practices that attest to their consumption. In the modern era snails are farmed, an industry known as <a href="/wiki/Heliciculture" title="Heliciculture">heliciculture</a>. </p><p>The snails are collected after the rains and are put to "purge" (fasting). In the past, the consumption of snails had a marked seasonality, from April to June. Now, snail-breeding techniques make them available all year. Heliciculture occurs mainly in <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, which are also the countries with the greatest culinary tradition of the snail. Although throughout history the snail has had little value in the kitchen because it is considered "poverty food", in recent times it can be classified as a <a href="/wiki/Delicacy" title="Delicacy">delicacy</a> thanks to the appreciation given to it by <a href="/wiki/Haute_cuisine" title="Haute cuisine">haute cuisine</a> chefs. (<b><a href="/wiki/Snails_as_food" title="Snails as food">Full article...</a></b>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1256386598" /> </p> <div style="margin-left:0"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-archivedtalk mw-collapsed" style="color:inherit; background: transparent; text-align: left; border: 1px solid Silver; margin: 0.2em auto auto; width:100%; clear: both; padding: 1px;"> <tbody><tr> <th class="cot-header-other" style="background:fff; font-size:87%; padding:0.2em 0.3em; text-align:center; color:#202122"><div style="font-size:115%;margin:0 4em"><span style="font-size:85%;">List of fare/cuisine articles</span></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; border: solid 1px Silver; padding: 0.6em; background: var(--background-color-base, #fff);"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foie_gras" title="Foie gras">Foie gras</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/French_wine" title="French wine">French wine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Brie" title="Brie">Brie</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Amuse-bouche" title="Amuse-bouche">Amuse-bouche</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Nouvelle_cuisine" title="Nouvelle cuisine">Nouvelle cuisine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Blancmange" title="Blancmange">Blancmange</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A2tisserie" title="Pâtisserie">Pâtisserie</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Roquefort" title="Roquefort">Roquefort</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Haute_cuisine" title="Haute cuisine">Haute cuisine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Croque_monsieur" title="Croque monsieur">Croque monsieur</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/L%27Entrec%C3%B4te" title="L'Entrecôte">L'Entrecôte</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Gratin_dauphinois" title="Gratin dauphinois">Gratin dauphinois</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ratatouille" title="Ratatouille">Ratatouille</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%80_la_Mar%C3%A9chale" title="À la Maréchale">À la Maréchale</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Three_Emperors_Dinner" title="Three Emperors Dinner">Three Emperors Dinner</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Coq_au_vin" title="Coq au vin">Coq au vin</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Aligot" title="Aligot">Aligot</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Beef_bourguignon" title="Beef bourguignon">Beef bourguignon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Cassoulet" title="Cassoulet">Cassoulet</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Pressed_duck" title="Pressed duck">Pressed duck</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bouillabaisse" title="Bouillabaisse">Bouillabaisse</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Salade_ni%C3%A7oise" title="Salade niçoise">Salade niçoise</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Madeleine_(cake)" title="Madeleine (cake)">Madeleine (cake)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mille-feuille" title="Mille-feuille">Mille-feuille</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Hunter%27s_chicken" class="mw-redirect" title="Hunter's chicken">Hunter's chicken</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div></div><div class="flex-columns-column"><div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:white;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #ef4135;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#0055a4;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:white;font-size:80%"></div><h2 id="Good_article_–_show_another" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:white;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em"><span id="Good_article_.E2.80.93_show_another"></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_support_vote.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/38px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> Good article – <span class="noprint plainlinks purgelink"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:France&action=purge"><span title="Purge this page"><small><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494" /><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white"><i>show another</i></span></small></span></a></span></h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #ef4135;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:white;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <div style="text-align: center;"><i><small>This is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:GA" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:GA">Good article</a>, an article that meets a core set of high editorial standards.</small></i></div> <hr /> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_Versailles,_%C3%A0_Versailles_5_octobre_1789_-_Restoration.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/A_Versailles%2C_%C3%A0_Versailles_5_octobre_1789_-_Restoration.jpg/330px-A_Versailles%2C_%C3%A0_Versailles_5_octobre_1789_-_Restoration.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/A_Versailles%2C_%C3%A0_Versailles_5_octobre_1789_-_Restoration.jpg/500px-A_Versailles%2C_%C3%A0_Versailles_5_octobre_1789_-_Restoration.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/A_Versailles%2C_%C3%A0_Versailles_5_octobre_1789_-_Restoration.jpg/960px-A_Versailles%2C_%C3%A0_Versailles_5_octobre_1789_-_Restoration.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4781" data-file-height="3351" /></a><figcaption>A contemporary illustration of the Women's March on Versailles, 5 October 1789</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_March_on_Versailles" title="Women's March on Versailles">Women's March on Versailles</a></b>, also known as the <b>Black March</b>, the <b>October Days</b> or simply the <b>March on Versailles</b>, was one of the earliest and most significant events of the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a>. The march began among women in the marketplaces of Paris who, on the morning of 5 October 1789, were nearly rioting over the high price of bread. The unrest quickly became intertwined with the activities of revolutionaries seeking liberal political reforms and a <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_monarchy" title="Constitutional monarchy">constitutional monarchy</a> for France. The market women and their allies ultimately grew into a crowd of thousands. Encouraged by revolutionary agitators, they ransacked the city armory for weapons and marched on the <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Versailles" title="Palace of Versailles">Palace of Versailles</a>. The crowd besieged the palace and, in a dramatic and violent confrontation, they successfully pressed their demands upon <a href="/wiki/King_Louis_XVI" class="mw-redirect" title="King Louis XVI">King Louis XVI</a>. The next day, the crowd forced the king and his family to return with them to Paris. Over the next few weeks most of the French <a href="/wiki/National_Constituent_Assembly_(France)" title="National Constituent Assembly (France)">assembly</a> also relocated to the capital. </p><p>These events ended the king's independence and heralded a new balance of power that would ultimately displace the established, privileged orders of the <a href="/wiki/French_nobility" title="French nobility">French nobility</a> in favor of the common people, collectively known as the <a href="/wiki/Estates_of_the_realm#Estates_in_the_Kingdom_of_France" title="Estates of the realm">Third Estate</a>. By bringing together people representing the <a href="/wiki/Causes_of_the_French_Revolution" title="Causes of the French Revolution">sources of the Revolution</a> in their largest numbers yet, the march on Versailles proved to be a defining moment of the Revolution. (<b><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_March_on_Versailles" title="Women's March on Versailles">Full article...</a></b>)<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1256386598" /> </p> <div style="margin-left:0"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-archivedtalk mw-collapsed" style="color:inherit; background: transparent; text-align: left; border: 1px solid Silver; margin: 0.2em auto auto; width:100%; clear: both; padding: 1px;"> <tbody><tr> <th class="cot-header-other" style="background:fff; font-size:87%; padding:0.2em 0.3em; text-align:center; color:#202122"><div style="font-size:115%;margin:0 4em"><span style="font-size:85%;">List of Good articles</span></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; border: solid 1px Silver; padding: 0.6em; background: var(--background-color-base, #fff);"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_French_Wine_Blight" title="Great French Wine Blight">Great French Wine Blight</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/French_cuisine" title="French cuisine">French cuisine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/National_Rally_(France)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Rally (France)">National Rally (France)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Overlord" title="Operation Overlord">Operation Overlord</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Carm%C3%A9n%C3%A8re" title="Carménère">Carménère</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Val%C3%A9rian_and_Laureline" title="Valérian and Laureline">Valérian and Laureline</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Louvre" title="Louvre">Louvre</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/French_prisoners_of_war_in_World_War_II" title="French prisoners of war in World War II">French prisoners of war in World War II</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Auxois" title="Auxois">Auxois</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/A_Trip_to_the_Moon" title="A Trip to the Moon">A Trip to the Moon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Algeciras_campaign" title="Algeciras campaign">Algeciras campaign</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/French_Sudan" title="French Sudan">French Sudan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/La_Pausa" title="La Pausa">La Pausa</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Korkoro" title="Korkoro">Korkoro</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_the_Salamanca_Forts" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of the Salamanca Forts">Siege of the Salamanca Forts</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Moustache_(dog)" title="Moustache (dog)">Moustache (dog)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Renault_Agriculture" title="Renault Agriculture">Renault Agriculture</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ouvrage_La_Fert%C3%A9" title="Ouvrage La Ferté">Ouvrage La Ferté</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Morea_expedition" title="Morea expedition">Morea expedition</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Rififi" title="Rififi">Rififi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Braille" title="Louis Braille">Louis Braille</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Daft_Punk" title="Daft Punk">Daft Punk</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Inglevert_Airfield" title="Saint-Inglevert Airfield">Saint-Inglevert Airfield</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Durkheim" title="Émile Durkheim">Émile Durkheim</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2018_Tour_de_France" title="2018 Tour de France">2018 Tour de France</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/French_football_bribery_scandal" title="French football bribery scandal">French football bribery scandal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Hur%C3%A9" title="Antoine Huré">Antoine Huré</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/French_ship_Courageux_(1753)" title="French ship Courageux (1753)">French ship Courageux (1753)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/French_expedition_to_Ireland_(1796)" title="French expedition to Ireland (1796)">French expedition to Ireland (1796)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Le_Dernier_Combat" title="Le Dernier Combat">Le Dernier Combat</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Saviem" title="Saviem">Saviem</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Louis-du-Louvre" title="Saint-Louis-du-Louvre">Saint-Louis-du-Louvre</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Le_souper_de_Beaucaire" title="Le souper de Beaucaire">Le souper de Beaucaire</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_rugby_union_matches_between_France_and_New_Zealand" title="History of rugby union matches between France and New Zealand">History of rugby union matches between France and New Zealand</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Monbar_Hotel_attack" title="Monbar Hotel attack">Monbar Hotel attack</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Arnaud_Tsamere" title="Arnaud Tsamere">Arnaud Tsamere</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Tremplin_du_Praz" title="Tremplin du Praz">Tremplin du Praz</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mich%C3%A8le_Mouton" title="Michèle Mouton">Michèle Mouton</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Marie_Antoine_Champion_de_Nansouty" title="Étienne Marie Antoine Champion de Nansouty">Étienne Marie Antoine Champion de Nansouty</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Poitou_donkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Poitou donkey">Poitou donkey</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/French_destroyer_Le_Terrible" title="French destroyer Le Terrible">French destroyer Le Terrible</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union_National_Park" title="Réunion National Park">Réunion National Park</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/2007_Monte_Carlo_Rally" title="2007 Monte Carlo Rally">2007 Monte Carlo Rally</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Lise_Tr%C3%A9hot" title="Lise Tréhot">Lise Tréhot</a></li></ul></div> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:white;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #ef4135;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#0055a4;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:white;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%2FSelected_picture&action=edit"><span style="color:white">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="Featured_pictures" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:white;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Featured pictures</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #ef4135;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:white;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238452006">.mw-parser-output div.portalSlideshow-container>ul.gallery.mw-gallery-slideshow>li.gallerycarousel>div>div>div>span:nth-child(2){display:none}.mw-parser-output div.portalSlideshow-container>ul.gallery.mw-gallery-slideshow>li.gallerycarousel>div>div:nth-child(1){padding-top:0.3em;padding-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output div.portalSlideshow-container>ul.gallery.mw-gallery-slideshow>li:nth-child(n/**/+2){display:none}.mw-parser-output div.portalSlideshow-container .gallery .gallerybox,.mw-parser-output div.portalSlideshow-container .gallery .gallerybox div{width:100%!important;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mw-gallery-slideshow-img-container>a[href="/wiki/File:Blank.png"]{display:none}.mw-parser-output .gallerytext{font-size:100%!important;text-align:left}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1021884966">.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container>.gallery.mw-gallery-slideshow>.gallerycarousel>div>div>div>span:nth-child(2){display:none}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container .randomSlideshow-sr-only{display:block;width:1px;height:1px;text-indent:-999px;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child label{display:inline-block!important;padding:0.2em 0.3em}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child label,.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child input{vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child input{transform:scale(1.4)}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child label:last-child{display:none!important}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox{display:block;margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox li,.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox div,.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox p{padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery.mw-gallery-slideshow:first-child{position:relative;left:50%;transform:translateX(-50%);display:inline-block;text-align:center;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox{order:99999;flex-shrink:0}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child label{flex:0 0}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox{width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox>div,.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container ul.gallery:first-child .gallerybox>div>div{width:inherit!important;max-width:100%;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .randomSlideshow-container .nomobile+ul label{display:none!important}</style><div class="randomSlideshow-container portalSlideshow-container" style="max-width:100%; margin:-4em auto;"><div class="nomobile"></div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-slideshow switcher-container"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jean-Baptiste_Singry_-_Jos%C3%A9phine_Mainvielle-Fodor.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 1 Joséphine Fodor Lithograph credit: Jean-Baptiste Singry; restored by Adam Cuerden Joséphine Fodor (13 October 1789 or in 1793 – 10 August 1870) was a French lyrical artist (soprano) with Hungarian and Dutch ancestors. Her family moved to Saint Petersburg when she was an infant, probably because of the French Revolution. After marrying in 1812, Fodor and her husband moved back to France when Saint Petersburg came under attack during the French invasion of Russia. She performed roles for the Opéra-Comique in Paris, later being engaged by the Comédie-Italienne, and also appeared in London, Venice, Naples and Vienna. Experiencing problems with her voice, she gradually ended her operatic career and withdrew from the stage. This lithograph depicts her in 1815. More selected pictures"><img alt="Image 1 Joséphine Fodor Lithograph credit: Jean-Baptiste Singry; restored by Adam Cuerden Joséphine Fodor (13 October 1789 or in 1793 – 10 August 1870) was a French lyrical artist (soprano) with Hungarian and Dutch ancestors. Her family moved to Saint Petersburg when she was an infant, probably because of the French Revolution. After marrying in 1812, Fodor and her husband moved back to France when Saint Petersburg came under attack during the French invasion of Russia. She performed roles for the Opéra-Comique in Paris, later being engaged by the Comédie-Italienne, and also appeared in London, Venice, Naples and Vienna. Experiencing problems with her voice, she gradually ended her operatic career and withdrew from the stage. This lithograph depicts her in 1815. More selected pictures" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Jean-Baptiste_Singry_-_Jos%C3%A9phine_Mainvielle-Fodor.jpg/120px-Jean-Baptiste_Singry_-_Jos%C3%A9phine_Mainvielle-Fodor.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Jean-Baptiste_Singry_-_Jos%C3%A9phine_Mainvielle-Fodor.jpg/250px-Jean-Baptiste_Singry_-_Jos%C3%A9phine_Mainvielle-Fodor.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2416" data-file-height="3216" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 1</span></span><div class="center" style="margin: 0 0.25em 0.85em;"><div><span style="font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9phine_Fodor" title="Joséphine Fodor">Joséphine Fodor</a></span></div><span style="font-size: 85%;">Lithograph credit: Jean-Baptiste Singry; restored by <a href="/wiki/User:Adam_Cuerden" title="User:Adam Cuerden">Adam Cuerden</a></span></div><div style="margin:0.5em 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9phine_Fodor" title="Joséphine Fodor">Joséphine Fodor</a></b> (13 October 1789 or in 1793 – 10 August 1870) was a French lyrical artist (<a href="/wiki/Soprano" title="Soprano">soprano</a>) with Hungarian and Dutch ancestors. Her family moved to <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a> when she was an infant, probably because of the French Revolution. After marrying in 1812, Fodor and her husband moved back to France when Saint Petersburg came under attack during the <a href="/wiki/French_invasion_of_Russia" title="French invasion of Russia">French invasion of Russia</a>. She performed roles for the <a href="/wiki/Op%C3%A9ra-Comique" title="Opéra-Comique">Opéra-Comique</a> in Paris, later being engaged by the <a href="/wiki/Com%C3%A9die-Italienne" title="Comédie-Italienne">Comédie-Italienne</a>, and also appeared in London, Venice, Naples and Vienna. Experiencing problems with her voice, she gradually ended her operatic career and withdrew from the stage. This lithograph depicts her in 1815.</div><div class="noprint" style="margin-top:0.5em; font-weight:bold; width:100%; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Portal:France/Selected_picture" title="Portal:France/Selected picture">More selected pictures</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Turgot_map_of_Paris_-_Norman_B._Leventhal_Map_Center.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 2 Turgot map of Paris Map credit: Louis Bretez and Claude Lucas The Turgot map of Paris is a highly accurate and detailed map of the city of Paris, France, as it existed in the 1730s. It was published in 1739 as an atlas of twenty non-overlapping sectional bird's-eye-view maps, each approximately 50 cm × 80 cm (20 in × 31 in), in isometric perspective toward the southeast, as well as one simplified overview map with a four-by-five grid showing the layout of the twenty sectional maps. It has been described as "the first all-comprising graphical inventory of the capital, down to the last orchard and tree, detailing every house and naming even the most modest cul-de-sac". The complete map is shown here in its assembled form. Other sheets: '"`UNIQ--templatestyles-00000018-QINU`"' * Complete map * 1 * 2 * 3 * 4 * 5 * 6 * 7 * 8 * 9 * 10 * 11 * 12 * 13 * 14 * 15 * 16 * 17 * 18–19 * 20 More selected pictures"><img alt="Image 2 Turgot map of Paris Map credit: Louis Bretez and Claude Lucas The Turgot map of Paris is a highly accurate and detailed map of the city of Paris, France, as it existed in the 1730s. It was published in 1739 as an atlas of twenty non-overlapping sectional bird's-eye-view maps, each approximately 50 cm × 80 cm (20 in × 31 in), in isometric perspective toward the southeast, as well as one simplified overview map with a four-by-five grid showing the layout of the twenty sectional maps. It has been described as "the first all-comprising graphical inventory of the capital, down to the last orchard and tree, detailing every house and naming even the most modest cul-de-sac". The complete map is shown here in its assembled form. Other sheets: '"`UNIQ--templatestyles-00000018-QINU`"' * Complete map * 1 * 2 * 3 * 4 * 5 * 6 * 7 * 8 * 9 * 10 * 11 * 12 * 13 * 14 * 15 * 16 * 17 * 18–19 * 20 More selected pictures" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Turgot_map_of_Paris_-_Norman_B._Leventhal_Map_Center.jpg/120px-Turgot_map_of_Paris_-_Norman_B._Leventhal_Map_Center.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Turgot_map_of_Paris_-_Norman_B._Leventhal_Map_Center.jpg/250px-Turgot_map_of_Paris_-_Norman_B._Leventhal_Map_Center.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="35690" data-file-height="28030" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 2</span></span><div class="center" style="margin: 0 0.25em 0.85em;"><div><span style="font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Turgot_map_of_Paris" title="Turgot map of Paris">Turgot map of Paris</a></span></div><span style="font-size: 85%;">Map credit: Louis Bretez and Claude Lucas</span></div><div style="margin:0.5em 0;">The <b><a href="/wiki/Turgot_map_of_Paris" title="Turgot map of Paris">Turgot map of Paris</a></b> is a highly accurate and detailed map of the city of <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, France, as it existed in the 1730s. It was published in 1739 as an atlas of twenty non-overlapping sectional bird's-eye-view maps, each approximately 50 cm × 80 cm (20 in × 31 in), in <a href="/wiki/Isometric_projection" title="Isometric projection">isometric perspective</a> toward the southeast, as well as one simplified overview map with a four-by-five grid showing the layout of the twenty sectional maps. It has been described as "the first all-comprising graphical inventory of the capital, down to the last orchard and tree, detailing every house and naming even the most modest cul-de-sac". The complete map is shown here in its assembled form.<br /><br /><br /><small>Other sheets: <br />'"`UNIQ--templatestyles-00000018-QINU`"'<br /><div class="hlist inline nowraplinks"><br />* <a href="/wiki/Template:POTD/2021-07-14" title="Template:POTD/2021-07-14">Complete map</a><br />* <a href="/wiki/Template:POTD/2021-07-14/1" title="Template:POTD/2021-07-14/1">1</a><br />* <a href="/wiki/Template:POTD/2021-07-14/2" title="Template:POTD/2021-07-14/2">2</a><br />* <a href="/wiki/Template:POTD/2021-07-14/3" title="Template:POTD/2021-07-14/3">3</a><br />* <a href="/wiki/Template:POTD/2021-07-14/4" title="Template:POTD/2021-07-14/4">4</a><br />* <a href="/wiki/Template:POTD/2021-07-14/5" title="Template:POTD/2021-07-14/5">5</a><br />* <a href="/wiki/Template:POTD/2021-07-14/6" title="Template:POTD/2021-07-14/6">6</a><br />* <a href="/wiki/Template:POTD/2021-07-14/7" title="Template:POTD/2021-07-14/7">7</a><br />* <a href="/wiki/Template:POTD/2021-07-14/8" title="Template:POTD/2021-07-14/8">8</a><br />* <a href="/wiki/Template:POTD/2021-07-14/9" title="Template:POTD/2021-07-14/9">9</a><br />* <a href="/wiki/Template:POTD/2021-07-14/10" title="Template:POTD/2021-07-14/10">10</a><br />* <a href="/wiki/Template:POTD/2021-07-14/11" title="Template:POTD/2021-07-14/11">11</a><br />* <a href="/wiki/Template:POTD/2021-07-14/12" title="Template:POTD/2021-07-14/12">12</a><br />* <a href="/wiki/Template:POTD/2021-07-14/13" title="Template:POTD/2021-07-14/13">13</a><br />* <a href="/wiki/Template:POTD/2021-07-14/14" title="Template:POTD/2021-07-14/14">14</a><br />* <a href="/wiki/Template:POTD/2021-07-14/15" title="Template:POTD/2021-07-14/15">15</a><br />* <a href="/wiki/Template:POTD/2021-07-14/16" title="Template:POTD/2021-07-14/16">16</a><br />* <a href="/wiki/Template:POTD/2021-07-14/17" title="Template:POTD/2021-07-14/17">17</a><br />* <a href="/wiki/Template:POTD/2021-07-14/18" title="Template:POTD/2021-07-14/18">18–19</a><br />* <a href="/wiki/Template:POTD/2021-07-14/19" title="Template:POTD/2021-07-14/19">20</a><br /></div></small></div><div class="noprint" style="margin-top:0.5em; font-weight:bold; width:100%; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Portal:France/Selected_picture" title="Portal:France/Selected picture">More selected pictures</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Serge_Gainsbourg_par_Claude_Truong-Ngoc_1981.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 3 Serge Gainsbourg Photograph credit: Claude Truong-Ngoc Serge Gainsbourg (1928–1991) was a French musician, singer-songwriter, actor, author and filmmaker. Regarded as one of the most important figures in French pop music, he was renowned for often provocative and scandalous releases which caused uproar in France, dividing its public opinion, as well as his diverse artistic output, which ranged from his early work in jazz, chanson, and yé-yé to later efforts in rock, zouk, funk, reggae, and electronica. He is often regarded as one of the world's most influential popular musicians. His lyrical works incorporated wordplay, with humorous, bizarre, provocative, sexual, satirical or subversive overtones. Gainsbourg's music has reached legendary stature in France, and he has become one of the country's best-loved public figures. He has also gained a cult following all over the world with chart success in the United Kingdom and Belgium with "Je t'aime... moi non plus" and "Bonnie and Clyde", respectively. This photo of Gainsbourg was taken in 1981. More selected pictures"><img alt="Image 3 Serge Gainsbourg Photograph credit: Claude Truong-Ngoc Serge Gainsbourg (1928–1991) was a French musician, singer-songwriter, actor, author and filmmaker. Regarded as one of the most important figures in French pop music, he was renowned for often provocative and scandalous releases which caused uproar in France, dividing its public opinion, as well as his diverse artistic output, which ranged from his early work in jazz, chanson, and yé-yé to later efforts in rock, zouk, funk, reggae, and electronica. He is often regarded as one of the world's most influential popular musicians. His lyrical works incorporated wordplay, with humorous, bizarre, provocative, sexual, satirical or subversive overtones. Gainsbourg's music has reached legendary stature in France, and he has become one of the country's best-loved public figures. He has also gained a cult following all over the world with chart success in the United Kingdom and Belgium with "Je t'aime... moi non plus" and "Bonnie and Clyde", respectively. This photo of Gainsbourg was taken in 1981. More selected pictures" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Serge_Gainsbourg_par_Claude_Truong-Ngoc_1981.jpg/120px-Serge_Gainsbourg_par_Claude_Truong-Ngoc_1981.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="78" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Serge_Gainsbourg_par_Claude_Truong-Ngoc_1981.jpg/180px-Serge_Gainsbourg_par_Claude_Truong-Ngoc_1981.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Serge_Gainsbourg_par_Claude_Truong-Ngoc_1981.jpg/240px-Serge_Gainsbourg_par_Claude_Truong-Ngoc_1981.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5622" data-file-height="3661" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 3</span></span><div class="center" style="margin: 0 0.25em 0.85em;"><div><span style="font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Serge_Gainsbourg" title="Serge Gainsbourg">Serge Gainsbourg</a></span></div><span style="font-size: 85%;">Photograph credit: <a href="/wiki/User:Ctruongngoc" title="User:Ctruongngoc">Claude Truong-Ngoc</a></span></div><div style="margin:0.5em 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Serge_Gainsbourg" title="Serge Gainsbourg">Serge Gainsbourg</a></b> (1928–1991) was a French musician, singer-songwriter, actor, author and filmmaker. Regarded as one of the most important figures in <a href="/wiki/French_pop_music" title="French pop music">French pop music</a>, he was renowned for often provocative and scandalous releases which caused uproar in France, dividing its public opinion, as well as his diverse artistic output, which ranged from his early work in <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chanson" title="Chanson">chanson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Y%C3%A9-y%C3%A9" title="Yé-yé">yé-yé</a> to later efforts in <a href="/wiki/Rock_music" title="Rock music">rock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zouk" title="Zouk">zouk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Funk" title="Funk">funk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reggae" title="Reggae">reggae</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Electronica" title="Electronica">electronica</a>. He is often regarded as one of the world's most influential popular musicians. His lyrical works incorporated <a href="/wiki/Word_play" title="Word play">wordplay</a>, with humorous, bizarre, provocative, sexual, satirical or subversive overtones. Gainsbourg's music has reached legendary stature in France, and he has become one of the country's best-loved public figures. He has also gained a cult following all over the world with chart success in the United Kingdom and Belgium with "<a href="/wiki/Je_t%27aime..._moi_non_plus" title="Je t'aime... moi non plus">Je t'aime... moi non plus</a>" and "<a href="/wiki/Bonnie_and_Clyde_(Serge_Gainsbourg_and_Brigitte_Bardot_song)" title="Bonnie and Clyde (Serge Gainsbourg and Brigitte Bardot song)">Bonnie and Clyde</a>", respectively. This photo of Gainsbourg was taken in 1981.</div><div class="noprint" style="margin-top:0.5em; font-weight:bold; width:100%; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Portal:France/Selected_picture" title="Portal:France/Selected picture">More selected pictures</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Paul_C%C3%A9zanne,_French_-_The_Large_Bathers_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 4 The Bathers Painting credit: Paul Cézanne The Bathers is an oil-on-canvas painting by the French artist Paul Cézanne, first exhibited in 1906. The painting is the largest of a series of paintings of bathers by the artist, and is considered a masterpiece of modern art. He worked on the painting for seven years, and it remained unfinished at the time of his death. Often considered Cézanne's finest work, it is in the collection of the Philadelphia Museum of Art. More selected pictures"><img alt="Image 4 The Bathers Painting credit: Paul Cézanne The Bathers is an oil-on-canvas painting by the French artist Paul Cézanne, first exhibited in 1906. The painting is the largest of a series of paintings of bathers by the artist, and is considered a masterpiece of modern art. He worked on the painting for seven years, and it remained unfinished at the time of his death. Often considered Cézanne's finest work, it is in the collection of the Philadelphia Museum of Art. More selected pictures" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Paul_C%C3%A9zanne%2C_French_-_The_Large_Bathers_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/120px-Paul_C%C3%A9zanne%2C_French_-_The_Large_Bathers_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Paul_C%C3%A9zanne%2C_French_-_The_Large_Bathers_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/180px-Paul_C%C3%A9zanne%2C_French_-_The_Large_Bathers_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Paul_C%C3%A9zanne%2C_French_-_The_Large_Bathers_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/240px-Paul_C%C3%A9zanne%2C_French_-_The_Large_Bathers_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6385" data-file-height="5337" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 4</span></span><div class="center" style="margin: 0 0.25em 0.85em;"><div><span style="font-size:120%"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Bathers_(C%C3%A9zanne)" title="The Bathers (Cézanne)">The Bathers</a></i></span></div><span style="font-size: 85%;">Painting credit: <a href="/wiki/Paul_C%C3%A9zanne" title="Paul Cézanne">Paul Cézanne</a></span></div><div style="margin:0.5em 0;"><i><b><a href="/wiki/The_Bathers_(C%C3%A9zanne)" title="The Bathers (Cézanne)">The Bathers</a></b></i> is an oil-on-canvas painting by the French artist <a href="/wiki/Paul_C%C3%A9zanne" title="Paul Cézanne">Paul Cézanne</a>, first exhibited in 1906. The painting is the largest of a series of paintings of bathers by the artist, and is considered a masterpiece of modern art. He worked on the painting for seven years, and it remained unfinished at the time of his death. Often considered Cézanne's finest work, it is in the collection of the <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Museum_of_Art" title="Philadelphia Museum of Art">Philadelphia Museum of Art</a>.</div><div class="noprint" style="margin-top:0.5em; font-weight:bold; width:100%; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Portal:France/Selected_picture" title="Portal:France/Selected picture">More selected pictures</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:France_1889-A_100_Francs.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 5 French franc Coin credit: Monnaie de Paris; photographed by the National Numismatic Collection The French franc is a former currency of France and Monaco and, alongside the Spanish peseta, a former de facto currency in Andorra. The first franc was a gold coin introduced in 1360, which showed King John II of France on a richly decorated horse, earning it the name franc à cheval. A later coin, showing Charles VII on foot, under a canopy, was named the franc à pied. The decimal franc was established by the French Revolutionary Convention in 1795 as a decimal unit, and became the official currency of France in 1799. France joined the euro in 1999, and the franc was replaced by euro notes and coins in 2002. This picture shows a 100-franc gold coin, dated 1889, with a "winged genius" designed by Augustin Dupré on the obverse. Only a hundred proof coins of this design were minted. More selected pictures"><img alt="Image 5 French franc Coin credit: Monnaie de Paris; photographed by the National Numismatic Collection The French franc is a former currency of France and Monaco and, alongside the Spanish peseta, a former de facto currency in Andorra. The first franc was a gold coin introduced in 1360, which showed King John II of France on a richly decorated horse, earning it the name franc à cheval. A later coin, showing Charles VII on foot, under a canopy, was named the franc à pied. The decimal franc was established by the French Revolutionary Convention in 1795 as a decimal unit, and became the official currency of France in 1799. France joined the euro in 1999, and the franc was replaced by euro notes and coins in 2002. This picture shows a 100-franc gold coin, dated 1889, with a "winged genius" designed by Augustin Dupré on the obverse. Only a hundred proof coins of this design were minted. More selected pictures" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/France_1889-A_100_Francs.jpg/120px-France_1889-A_100_Francs.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/France_1889-A_100_Francs.jpg/180px-France_1889-A_100_Francs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/France_1889-A_100_Francs.jpg/240px-France_1889-A_100_Francs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4838" data-file-height="2500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 5</span></span><div class="center" style="margin: 0 0.25em 0.85em;"><div><span style="font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/French_franc" title="French franc">French franc</a></span></div><span style="font-size: 85%;">Coin credit: <a href="/wiki/Monnaie_de_Paris" title="Monnaie de Paris">Monnaie de Paris</a>; photographed by the <a href="/wiki/National_Numismatic_Collection" title="National Numismatic Collection">National Numismatic Collection</a></span></div><div style="margin:0.5em 0;">The <b><a href="/wiki/French_franc" title="French franc">French franc</a></b> is a former currency of France and Monaco and, alongside the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_peseta" title="Spanish peseta">Spanish peseta</a>, a former <a href="/wiki/De_facto_currency" title="De facto currency">de facto currency</a> in <a href="/wiki/Andorra" title="Andorra">Andorra</a>. The first franc was a gold coin introduced in 1360, which showed King <a href="/wiki/John_II_of_France" title="John II of France">John II of France</a> on a richly decorated horse, earning it the name <i>franc à cheval</i>. A later coin, showing <a href="/wiki/Charles_VII_of_France" title="Charles VII of France">Charles VII</a> on foot, under a canopy, was named the <i>franc à pied</i>. The decimal franc was established by the French Revolutionary Convention in 1795 as a decimal unit, and became the official currency of France in 1799. France joined the <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">euro</a> in 1999, and the franc was replaced by euro notes and coins in 2002.<br /><br />This picture shows a 100-franc gold coin, dated 1889, with a "winged genius" designed by <a href="/wiki/Augustin_Dupr%C3%A9" title="Augustin Dupré">Augustin Dupré</a> on the obverse. Only a hundred proof coins of this design were minted.</div><div class="noprint" style="margin-top:0.5em; font-weight:bold; width:100%; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Portal:France/Selected_picture" title="Portal:France/Selected picture">More selected pictures</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gustave_Caillebotte_-Man_at_His_Bath.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 6 Homme au bain Painting: Gustave Caillebotte Homme au bain ("Man at His Bath") is an oil painting completed by the French Impressionist Gustave Caillebotte in 1884. The canvas measures 145 by 114 centimetres (57 in × 45 in). The painting was held in private collections from the artist's death until June 2011, when it was acquired by the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. Interpretations of the painting and its male nude have contrasted the figure's masculinity with his vulnerability. More selected pictures"><img alt="Image 6 Homme au bain Painting: Gustave Caillebotte Homme au bain ("Man at His Bath") is an oil painting completed by the French Impressionist Gustave Caillebotte in 1884. The canvas measures 145 by 114 centimetres (57 in × 45 in). The painting was held in private collections from the artist's death until June 2011, when it was acquired by the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. Interpretations of the painting and its male nude have contrasted the figure's masculinity with his vulnerability. More selected pictures" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Gustave_Caillebotte_-Man_at_His_Bath.jpg/86px-Gustave_Caillebotte_-Man_at_His_Bath.jpg" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Gustave_Caillebotte_-Man_at_His_Bath.jpg/130px-Gustave_Caillebotte_-Man_at_His_Bath.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Gustave_Caillebotte_-Man_at_His_Bath.jpg/173px-Gustave_Caillebotte_-Man_at_His_Bath.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2553" data-file-height="3543" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 6</span></span><div class="center" style="margin: 0 0.25em 0.85em;"><div><span style="font-size:120%"><i><a href="/wiki/Homme_au_bain_(painting)" title="Homme au bain (painting)">Homme au bain</a></i></span></div><span style="font-size: 85%;">Painting: <a href="/wiki/Gustave_Caillebotte" title="Gustave Caillebotte">Gustave Caillebotte</a></span></div><div style="margin:0.5em 0;"><i><b><a href="/wiki/Homme_au_bain_(painting)" title="Homme au bain (painting)">Homme au bain</a></b></i> ("Man at His Bath") is an <a href="/wiki/Oil_painting" title="Oil painting">oil painting</a> completed by the French <a href="/wiki/Impressionism" title="Impressionism">Impressionist</a> <a href="/wiki/Gustave_Caillebotte" title="Gustave Caillebotte">Gustave Caillebotte</a> in 1884. The <a href="/wiki/Canvas" title="Canvas">canvas</a> measures 145 by 114 centimetres (57 in × 45 in). The painting was held in private collections from the artist's death until June 2011, when it was acquired by the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Fine_Arts,_Boston" title="Museum of Fine Arts, Boston">Museum of Fine Arts, Boston</a>. Interpretations of the painting and its male <a href="/wiki/Nude" class="mw-redirect" title="Nude">nude</a> have contrasted the figure's masculinity with his vulnerability.</div><div class="noprint" style="margin-top:0.5em; font-weight:bold; width:100%; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Portal:France/Selected_picture" title="Portal:France/Selected picture">More selected pictures</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%89corch%C3%A9_cavalier_Fragonard_Alfort_1_edit1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 7 Honoré Fragonard Photo: Jebulon An écorché (flayed figure) of a horseman and his horse, prepared by anatomist Honoré Fragonard and on display at the Musée Fragonard d'Alfort in Paris. Fragonard was the first professor of anatomy at the École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (National Veterinary School of Alfort) and prepared thousands of anatomical pieces. In 1771, after six years of teaching, he was dismissed from his post for being a "madman". More selected pictures"><img alt="Image 7 Honoré Fragonard Photo: Jebulon An écorché (flayed figure) of a horseman and his horse, prepared by anatomist Honoré Fragonard and on display at the Musée Fragonard d'Alfort in Paris. Fragonard was the first professor of anatomy at the École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (National Veterinary School of Alfort) and prepared thousands of anatomical pieces. In 1771, after six years of teaching, he was dismissed from his post for being a "madman". More selected pictures" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/%C3%89corch%C3%A9_cavalier_Fragonard_Alfort_1_edit1.jpg/114px-%C3%89corch%C3%A9_cavalier_Fragonard_Alfort_1_edit1.jpg" decoding="async" width="114" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/%C3%89corch%C3%A9_cavalier_Fragonard_Alfort_1_edit1.jpg/171px-%C3%89corch%C3%A9_cavalier_Fragonard_Alfort_1_edit1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/%C3%89corch%C3%A9_cavalier_Fragonard_Alfort_1_edit1.jpg/228px-%C3%89corch%C3%A9_cavalier_Fragonard_Alfort_1_edit1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1897" data-file-height="1997" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 7</span></span><div class="center" style="margin: 0 0.25em 0.85em;"><div><span style="font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Honor%C3%A9_Fragonard" title="Honoré Fragonard">Honoré Fragonard</a></span></div><span style="font-size: 85%;">Photo: <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/User:Jebulon" class="extiw" title="commons:User:Jebulon">Jebulon</a></span></div><div style="margin:0.5em 0;">An <i><a href="/wiki/%C3%89corch%C3%A9" title="Écorché">écorché</a></i> (flayed figure) of a horseman and his horse, prepared by <a href="/wiki/Anatomy" title="Anatomy">anatomist</a> <b><a href="/wiki/Honor%C3%A9_Fragonard" title="Honoré Fragonard">Honoré Fragonard</a></b> and on display at the <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_Fragonard_d%27Alfort" title="Musée Fragonard d'Alfort">Musée Fragonard d'Alfort</a> in Paris. Fragonard was the first professor of anatomy at the École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (National Veterinary School of Alfort) and prepared thousands of anatomical pieces. In 1771, after six years of teaching, he was dismissed from his post for being a "madman".</div><div class="noprint" style="margin-top:0.5em; font-weight:bold; width:100%; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Portal:France/Selected_picture" title="Portal:France/Selected picture">More selected pictures</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Carte_de_Brest_-_ca_1700_-_Biblioth%C3%A8que_Nationale_de_France_-_Btv1b8439976x.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 8 Brest Map: Unknown; Restoration: S. Déniel A map of the French city of Brest, dated to around 1700. Located in the Finistère department of Brittany, Brest lies in a sheltered bay close to the western extremity of metropolitan France. Originally named Bresta, possibly derived from a Celtic word meaning hill, the city came under the rule of the duke of Brittany in 1240. From 1342 to 1397 the city was under English rule, and became part of France in 1491 when a marriage unified Brittany with the French crown. Cardinal Richelieu designated the city a major naval base in 1631, a status it retains today. The city centre was mostly rebuilt after heavy Allied bombing during World War II. More selected pictures"><img alt="Image 8 Brest Map: Unknown; Restoration: S. Déniel A map of the French city of Brest, dated to around 1700. Located in the Finistère department of Brittany, Brest lies in a sheltered bay close to the western extremity of metropolitan France. Originally named Bresta, possibly derived from a Celtic word meaning hill, the city came under the rule of the duke of Brittany in 1240. From 1342 to 1397 the city was under English rule, and became part of France in 1491 when a marriage unified Brittany with the French crown. Cardinal Richelieu designated the city a major naval base in 1631, a status it retains today. The city centre was mostly rebuilt after heavy Allied bombing during World War II. More selected pictures" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Carte_de_Brest_-_ca_1700_-_Biblioth%C3%A8que_Nationale_de_France_-_Btv1b8439976x.jpg/120px-Carte_de_Brest_-_ca_1700_-_Biblioth%C3%A8que_Nationale_de_France_-_Btv1b8439976x.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Carte_de_Brest_-_ca_1700_-_Biblioth%C3%A8que_Nationale_de_France_-_Btv1b8439976x.jpg/180px-Carte_de_Brest_-_ca_1700_-_Biblioth%C3%A8que_Nationale_de_France_-_Btv1b8439976x.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Carte_de_Brest_-_ca_1700_-_Biblioth%C3%A8que_Nationale_de_France_-_Btv1b8439976x.jpg/240px-Carte_de_Brest_-_ca_1700_-_Biblioth%C3%A8que_Nationale_de_France_-_Btv1b8439976x.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4948" data-file-height="3624" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 8</span></span><div class="center" style="margin: 0 0.25em 0.85em;"><div><span style="font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Brest,_France" title="Brest, France">Brest</a></span></div><span style="font-size: 85%;">Map: Unknown; Restoration: <a href="/wiki/User:S._D%C3%89NIEL" title="User:S. DÉNIEL">S. Déniel</a></span></div><div style="margin:0.5em 0;">A map of the French city of <b><a href="/wiki/Brest,_France" title="Brest, France">Brest</a></b>, dated to around 1700. Located in the <a href="/wiki/Finist%C3%A8re" title="Finistère">Finistère</a> department of <a href="/wiki/Brittany" title="Brittany">Brittany</a>, Brest lies in a sheltered bay close to the western extremity of <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_France" title="Metropolitan France">metropolitan France</a>. Originally named <i>Bresta</i>, possibly derived from a Celtic word meaning hill, the city came under the rule of the duke of Brittany in 1240. From 1342 to 1397 the city was under English rule, and became part of France in 1491 when a marriage unified Brittany with the French crown. <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Richelieu" title="Cardinal Richelieu">Cardinal Richelieu</a> designated the city a major naval base in 1631, a status it retains today. The city centre was mostly rebuilt after heavy Allied bombing during World War II.</div><div class="noprint" style="margin-top:0.5em; font-weight:bold; width:100%; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Portal:France/Selected_picture" title="Portal:France/Selected picture">More selected pictures</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:France_1641_Ecu_d%27Or_(Louis13).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 9 Écu Coin design credit: Kingdom of France; photographed by the National Numismatic Collection The écu was a gold and silver coinage system introduced in France in 1266 by Louis IX, so called because the coins featured the French coat of arms. The silver coin proved popular but the gold did not, because of the unrealistic ratio of 1:10 used, which did not properly reflect the metals' exchange rate. The écu remained in use for 500 years. Depicted here are two écu coins, the first made of gold and minted in 1641, in the reign of Louis XIII, and the second made of silver and minted in 1784, in the reign of Louis XVI. Between these two dates, exchange rates were unstable, new coins were issued, and existing ones revalued periodically. More selected pictures"><img alt="Image 9 Écu Coin design credit: Kingdom of France; photographed by the National Numismatic Collection The écu was a gold and silver coinage system introduced in France in 1266 by Louis IX, so called because the coins featured the French coat of arms. The silver coin proved popular but the gold did not, because of the unrealistic ratio of 1:10 used, which did not properly reflect the metals' exchange rate. The écu remained in use for 500 years. Depicted here are two écu coins, the first made of gold and minted in 1641, in the reign of Louis XIII, and the second made of silver and minted in 1784, in the reign of Louis XVI. Between these two dates, exchange rates were unstable, new coins were issued, and existing ones revalued periodically. More selected pictures" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/France_1641_Ecu_d%27Or_%28Louis13%29.jpg/120px-France_1641_Ecu_d%27Or_%28Louis13%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/France_1641_Ecu_d%27Or_%28Louis13%29.jpg/180px-France_1641_Ecu_d%27Or_%28Louis13%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/France_1641_Ecu_d%27Or_%28Louis13%29.jpg/240px-France_1641_Ecu_d%27Or_%28Louis13%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4838" data-file-height="2500" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 9</span></span><div class="center" style="margin: 0 0.25em 0.85em;"><div><span style="font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cu" title="Écu">Écu</a></span></div><span style="font-size: 85%;">Coin design credit: <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">Kingdom of France</a>; photographed by the <a href="/wiki/National_Numismatic_Collection" title="National Numismatic Collection">National Numismatic Collection</a></span></div><div style="margin:0.5em 0;">The <b><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cu" title="Écu">écu</a></b> was a gold and silver <a href="/wiki/Coin" title="Coin">coinage</a> system introduced in France in 1266 by <a href="/wiki/Louis_IX_of_France" title="Louis IX of France">Louis IX</a>, so called because the coins featured the <a href="/wiki/National_emblem_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="National emblem of France">French coat of arms</a>. The silver coin proved popular but the gold did not, because of the unrealistic ratio of 1:10 used, which did not properly reflect the metals' exchange rate. The écu remained in use for 500 years. Depicted here are two écu coins, the first made of gold and minted in 1641, in the reign of <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIII" title="Louis XIII">Louis XIII</a>, and the second made of silver and minted in 1784, in the reign of <a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI" title="Louis XVI">Louis XVI</a>. Between these two dates, exchange rates were unstable, new coins were issued, and existing ones revalued periodically.</div><div class="noprint" style="margin-top:0.5em; font-weight:bold; width:100%; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Portal:France/Selected_picture" title="Portal:France/Selected picture">More selected pictures</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Antoine-Fran%C3%A7ois_Callet_-_Louis_XVI,_roi_de_France_et_de_Navarre_(1754-1793),_rev%C3%AAtu_du_grand_costume_royal_en_1779_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 10 Louis XVI of France Painting: Antoine-François Callet Louis XVI of France (1754–1793) was King of France (later King of the French) from 1774 until his deposition in 1792. His early reign was marked by attempts to reform France in accordance with Enlightenment ideals, including ultimately quashed efforts to abolish serfdom, remove the taille, and increase tolerance toward non-Catholics. However, after several years of national debt and financial and food crises, Louis was arrested during the insurrection of 10 August 1792, found guilty of high treason, and executed by guillotine on 21 January 1793. More selected pictures"><img alt="Image 10 Louis XVI of France Painting: Antoine-François Callet Louis XVI of France (1754–1793) was King of France (later King of the French) from 1774 until his deposition in 1792. His early reign was marked by attempts to reform France in accordance with Enlightenment ideals, including ultimately quashed efforts to abolish serfdom, remove the taille, and increase tolerance toward non-Catholics. However, after several years of national debt and financial and food crises, Louis was arrested during the insurrection of 10 August 1792, found guilty of high treason, and executed by guillotine on 21 January 1793. More selected pictures" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Antoine-Fran%C3%A7ois_Callet_-_Louis_XVI%2C_roi_de_France_et_de_Navarre_%281754-1793%29%2C_rev%C3%AAtu_du_grand_costume_royal_en_1779_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/120px-Antoine-Fran%C3%A7ois_Callet_-_Louis_XVI%2C_roi_de_France_et_de_Navarre_%281754-1793%29%2C_rev%C3%AAtu_du_grand_costume_royal_en_1779_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Antoine-Fran%C3%A7ois_Callet_-_Louis_XVI%2C_roi_de_France_et_de_Navarre_%281754-1793%29%2C_rev%C3%AAtu_du_grand_costume_royal_en_1779_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/250px-Antoine-Fran%C3%A7ois_Callet_-_Louis_XVI%2C_roi_de_France_et_de_Navarre_%281754-1793%29%2C_rev%C3%AAtu_du_grand_costume_royal_en_1779_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="3592" data-file-height="5062" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 10</span></span><div class="center" style="margin: 0 0.25em 0.85em;"><div><span style="font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XVI of France">Louis XVI of France</a></span></div><span style="font-size: 85%;">Painting: <a href="/wiki/Antoine-Fran%C3%A7ois_Callet" title="Antoine-François Callet">Antoine-François Callet</a></span></div><div style="margin:0.5em 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XVI of France">Louis XVI of France</a></b> (1754–1793) was King of France (later King of the French) from 1774 until his deposition in 1792. His early reign was marked by attempts to reform France in accordance with <a href="/wiki/Enlightened_absolutism" title="Enlightened absolutism">Enlightenment</a> ideals, including ultimately quashed efforts to abolish <a href="/wiki/Serfdom" title="Serfdom">serfdom</a>, remove the <i><a href="/wiki/Taille" title="Taille">taille</a></i>, and increase <a href="/wiki/Edict_of_Versailles" title="Edict of Versailles">tolerance toward non-Catholics</a>. However, after several years of national debt and financial and food crises, Louis was arrested during the <a href="/wiki/10_August_(French_Revolution)" class="mw-redirect" title="10 August (French Revolution)">insurrection of 10 August 1792</a>, found guilty of <a href="/wiki/High_treason" class="mw-redirect" title="High treason">high treason</a>, and executed by <a href="/wiki/Guillotine" title="Guillotine">guillotine</a> on 21 January 1793.</div><div class="noprint" style="margin-top:0.5em; font-weight:bold; width:100%; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Portal:France/Selected_picture" title="Portal:France/Selected picture">More selected pictures</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Patrouille_de_France_Radom_3_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 11 Patrouille de France Photograph: Łukasz Golowanow The Patrouille de France, a precision aerobatic demonstration team, in full formation at the Radom Air Show. The team was established as part of the French Air Force in 1947, although aerobatic teams had existed in the country since 1931. The Patrouille fly Dassault/Dornier Alpha Jets. More selected pictures"><img alt="Image 11 Patrouille de France Photograph: Łukasz Golowanow The Patrouille de France, a precision aerobatic demonstration team, in full formation at the Radom Air Show. The team was established as part of the French Air Force in 1947, although aerobatic teams had existed in the country since 1931. The Patrouille fly Dassault/Dornier Alpha Jets. More selected pictures" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Patrouille_de_France_Radom_3_1.JPG/101px-Patrouille_de_France_Radom_3_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="101" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Patrouille_de_France_Radom_3_1.JPG/151px-Patrouille_de_France_Radom_3_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Patrouille_de_France_Radom_3_1.JPG/202px-Patrouille_de_France_Radom_3_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3059" data-file-height="3642" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 11</span></span><div class="center" style="margin: 0 0.25em 0.85em;"><div><span style="font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Patrouille_de_France" title="Patrouille de France">Patrouille de France</a></span></div><span style="font-size: 85%;">Photograph: <a href="/wiki/User:Airwolf" title="User:Airwolf">Łukasz Golowanow</a></span></div><div style="margin:0.5em 0;">The <b><a href="/wiki/Patrouille_de_France" title="Patrouille de France">Patrouille de France</a></b>, a precision <a href="/wiki/Aerobatic" class="mw-redirect" title="Aerobatic">aerobatic</a> demonstration team, in full formation at the <a href="/wiki/Radom_Air_Show" title="Radom Air Show">Radom Air Show</a>. The team was established as part of the <a href="/wiki/French_Air_Force" class="mw-redirect" title="French Air Force">French Air Force</a> in 1947, although aerobatic teams had existed in the country since 1931. The Patrouille fly <a href="/wiki/Dassault/Dornier_Alpha_Jet" title="Dassault/Dornier Alpha Jet">Dassault/Dornier Alpha Jets</a>.</div><div class="noprint" style="margin-top:0.5em; font-weight:bold; width:100%; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Portal:France/Selected_picture" title="Portal:France/Selected picture">More selected pictures</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Georges_Ernest_Boulanger_by_Atelier_Nadar.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 12 Georges Ernest Boulanger Photograph credit: Atelier Nadar; restored by Adam Cuerden Georges Ernest Boulanger (29 April 1837 – 30 September 1891), nicknamed Général Revanche, was a French general and politician. An enormously popular public figure during the Third Republic, he won a series of elections and was feared to be powerful enough to establish himself as dictator at the zenith of his popularity in January 1889. This photograph of Boulanger was produced by the atelier of the French photographer Nadar. More selected pictures"><img alt="Image 12 Georges Ernest Boulanger Photograph credit: Atelier Nadar; restored by Adam Cuerden Georges Ernest Boulanger (29 April 1837 – 30 September 1891), nicknamed Général Revanche, was a French general and politician. An enormously popular public figure during the Third Republic, he won a series of elections and was feared to be powerful enough to establish himself as dictator at the zenith of his popularity in January 1889. This photograph of Boulanger was produced by the atelier of the French photographer Nadar. More selected pictures" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Georges_Ernest_Boulanger_by_Atelier_Nadar.jpg/85px-Georges_Ernest_Boulanger_by_Atelier_Nadar.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Georges_Ernest_Boulanger_by_Atelier_Nadar.jpg/128px-Georges_Ernest_Boulanger_by_Atelier_Nadar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Georges_Ernest_Boulanger_by_Atelier_Nadar.jpg/171px-Georges_Ernest_Boulanger_by_Atelier_Nadar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2417" data-file-height="3395" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 12</span></span><div class="center" style="margin: 0 0.25em 0.85em;"><div><span style="font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Georges_Ernest_Boulanger" title="Georges Ernest Boulanger">Georges Ernest Boulanger</a></span></div><span style="font-size: 85%;">Photograph credit: <a href="/wiki/Nadar" title="Nadar">Atelier Nadar</a>; restored by <a href="/wiki/User:Adam_Cuerden" title="User:Adam Cuerden">Adam Cuerden</a></span></div><div style="margin:0.5em 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Georges_Ernest_Boulanger" title="Georges Ernest Boulanger">Georges Ernest Boulanger</a></b> (29 April 1837 – 30 September 1891), nicknamed Général Revanche, was a French general and politician. An enormously popular public figure during the <a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">Third Republic</a>, he won a series of elections and was feared to be powerful enough to establish himself as dictator at the zenith of his popularity in January 1889. This photograph of Boulanger was produced by the <a href="/wiki/Atelier" title="Atelier">atelier</a> of the French photographer <a href="/wiki/Nadar" title="Nadar">Nadar</a>.</div><div class="noprint" style="margin-top:0.5em; font-weight:bold; width:100%; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Portal:France/Selected_picture" title="Portal:France/Selected picture">More selected pictures</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Guillaume_Bud%C3%A9,_by_Jean_Clouet.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 13 Guillaume Budé Painting credit: Jean Clouet Guillaume Budé (26 January 1467 – 23 August 1540) was a French scholar and humanist. He was involved in the founding of Collegium Trilingue, which later became the Collège de France. Budé was also the first keeper of the royal library at the Palace of Fontainebleau, which was later moved to Paris, where it became the Bibliothèque nationale de France. He was an ambassador to Rome and held several important judicial and civil administrative posts. This picture is an oil-on-panel portrait of Budé, produced around 1536 by Jean Clouet, a painter at the court of King Francis I of France. He was a very skilful painter and many fine portraits are attributed to him, but his picture of Budé is his only documented work, being mentioned in Budé's handwritten notes. The painting is now held by the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City. More selected pictures"><img alt="Image 13 Guillaume Budé Painting credit: Jean Clouet Guillaume Budé (26 January 1467 – 23 August 1540) was a French scholar and humanist. He was involved in the founding of Collegium Trilingue, which later became the Collège de France. Budé was also the first keeper of the royal library at the Palace of Fontainebleau, which was later moved to Paris, where it became the Bibliothèque nationale de France. He was an ambassador to Rome and held several important judicial and civil administrative posts. This picture is an oil-on-panel portrait of Budé, produced around 1536 by Jean Clouet, a painter at the court of King Francis I of France. He was a very skilful painter and many fine portraits are attributed to him, but his picture of Budé is his only documented work, being mentioned in Budé's handwritten notes. The painting is now held by the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York City. More selected pictures" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Guillaume_Bud%C3%A9%2C_by_Jean_Clouet.jpg/120px-Guillaume_Bud%C3%A9%2C_by_Jean_Clouet.jpg" decoding="async" width="104" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Guillaume_Bud%C3%A9%2C_by_Jean_Clouet.jpg/250px-Guillaume_Bud%C3%A9%2C_by_Jean_Clouet.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="4595" data-file-height="5301" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 13</span></span><div class="center" style="margin: 0 0.25em 0.85em;"><div><span style="font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Bud%C3%A9" title="Guillaume Budé">Guillaume Budé</a></span></div><span style="font-size: 85%;">Painting credit: <a href="/wiki/Jean_Clouet" title="Jean Clouet">Jean Clouet</a></span></div><div style="margin:0.5em 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Bud%C3%A9" title="Guillaume Budé">Guillaume Budé</a></b> (26 January 1467 – 23 August 1540) was a French scholar and <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_humanism" title="Renaissance humanism">humanist</a>. He was involved in the founding of <a href="/wiki/Collegium_Trilingue" title="Collegium Trilingue">Collegium Trilingue</a>, which later became the <a href="/wiki/Coll%C3%A8ge_de_France" title="Collège de France">Collège de France</a>. Budé was also the first keeper of the royal library at the <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Fontainebleau" title="Palace of Fontainebleau">Palace of Fontainebleau</a>, which was later moved to Paris, where it became the <a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">Bibliothèque nationale de France</a>. He was an ambassador to Rome and held several important judicial and civil administrative posts.<br /><br />This picture is an oil-on-panel portrait of Budé, produced around 1536 by <a href="/wiki/Jean_Clouet" title="Jean Clouet">Jean Clouet</a>, a painter at the court of King <a href="/wiki/Francis_I_of_France" title="Francis I of France">Francis I of France</a>. He was a very skilful painter and many fine portraits are attributed to him, but his picture of Budé is his only documented work, being mentioned in Budé's handwritten notes. The painting is now held by the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a> in New York City.</div><div class="noprint" style="margin-top:0.5em; font-weight:bold; width:100%; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Portal:France/Selected_picture" title="Portal:France/Selected picture">More selected pictures</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jules-Joseph_Lefebvre,_Graziella,_The_Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 14 Graziella Painting credit: Jules Joseph Lefebvre Graziella is an 1852 novel by the French author Alphonse de Lamartine. It tells of a young French man who falls in love with the eponymous character, a fisherman's granddaughter, during a trip to Naples, Italy; they are separated when he must return to France, and Graziella dies soon afterwards. The novel received popular acclaim; an operatic adaptation had been completed by the end of the year, and the work influenced paintings, poems, novels, and films. This 1878 oil-on-canvas painting by the French artist Jules Joseph Lefebvre shows Graziella sitting on a rock, fishing net in hand, gazing over her shoulder at a smoking Mount Vesuvius in the distance. The painting is now in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York. More selected pictures"><img alt="Image 14 Graziella Painting credit: Jules Joseph Lefebvre Graziella is an 1852 novel by the French author Alphonse de Lamartine. It tells of a young French man who falls in love with the eponymous character, a fisherman's granddaughter, during a trip to Naples, Italy; they are separated when he must return to France, and Graziella dies soon afterwards. The novel received popular acclaim; an operatic adaptation had been completed by the end of the year, and the work influenced paintings, poems, novels, and films. This 1878 oil-on-canvas painting by the French artist Jules Joseph Lefebvre shows Graziella sitting on a rock, fishing net in hand, gazing over her shoulder at a smoking Mount Vesuvius in the distance. The painting is now in the collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art in New York. More selected pictures" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Jules-Joseph_Lefebvre%2C_Graziella%2C_The_Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art.jpg/67px-Jules-Joseph_Lefebvre%2C_Graziella%2C_The_Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art.jpg" decoding="async" width="67" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Jules-Joseph_Lefebvre%2C_Graziella%2C_The_Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art.jpg/101px-Jules-Joseph_Lefebvre%2C_Graziella%2C_The_Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Jules-Joseph_Lefebvre%2C_Graziella%2C_The_Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art.jpg/135px-Jules-Joseph_Lefebvre%2C_Graziella%2C_The_Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3668" data-file-height="6522" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 14</span></span><div class="center" style="margin: 0 0.25em 0.85em;"><div><span style="font-size:120%"><i><a href="/wiki/Graziella" title="Graziella">Graziella</a></i></span></div><span style="font-size: 85%;">Painting credit: <a href="/wiki/Jules_Joseph_Lefebvre" title="Jules Joseph Lefebvre">Jules Joseph Lefebvre</a></span></div><div style="margin:0.5em 0;"><i><b><a href="/wiki/Graziella" title="Graziella">Graziella</a></b></i> is an 1852 novel by the French author <a href="/wiki/Alphonse_de_Lamartine" title="Alphonse de Lamartine">Alphonse de Lamartine</a>. It tells of a young French man who falls in love with the eponymous character, a fisherman's granddaughter, during a trip to <a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a>, Italy; they are separated when he must return to France, and Graziella dies soon afterwards. The novel received popular acclaim; an operatic adaptation had been completed by the end of the year, and the work influenced paintings, poems, novels, and films. This 1878 oil-on-canvas painting by the French artist <a href="/wiki/Jules_Joseph_Lefebvre" title="Jules Joseph Lefebvre">Jules Joseph Lefebvre</a> shows Graziella sitting on a rock, fishing net in hand, gazing over her shoulder at a smoking <a href="/wiki/Mount_Vesuvius" title="Mount Vesuvius">Mount Vesuvius</a> in the distance. The painting is now in the collection of the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a> in New York.</div><div class="noprint" style="margin-top:0.5em; font-weight:bold; width:100%; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Portal:France/Selected_picture" title="Portal:France/Selected picture">More selected pictures</a></div></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Carle_Van_Loo_-_Marie_Leszczinska,_reine_de_France_(1703-1768)_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Image 15 Marie Leszczyńska Painting credit: Charles-André van Loo Marie Leszczyńska (23 June 1703 – 24 June 1768) was a Polish noblewoman and French queen consort. The daughter of King Stanisław I Leszczyński of Poland and Catherine Opalińska, she married King Louis XV of France in 1725 and became queen consort of France, serving in that role for 42 years until her death, the longest of any French queen. Marie was popular due to her generosity and piety. She was the grandmother of future French kings Louis XVI, Louis XVIII and Charles X. This picture is an oil-on-canvas portrait of Marie by French painter Charles-André van Loo, commissioned by Louis XV in 1747. She is depicted wearing the Sancy diamond, part of the French Crown Jewels. The painting now hangs in the Palace of Versailles. More selected pictures"><img alt="Image 15 Marie Leszczyńska Painting credit: Charles-André van Loo Marie Leszczyńska (23 June 1703 – 24 June 1768) was a Polish noblewoman and French queen consort. The daughter of King Stanisław I Leszczyński of Poland and Catherine Opalińska, she married King Louis XV of France in 1725 and became queen consort of France, serving in that role for 42 years until her death, the longest of any French queen. Marie was popular due to her generosity and piety. She was the grandmother of future French kings Louis XVI, Louis XVIII and Charles X. This picture is an oil-on-canvas portrait of Marie by French painter Charles-André van Loo, commissioned by Louis XV in 1747. She is depicted wearing the Sancy diamond, part of the French Crown Jewels. The painting now hangs in the Palace of Versailles. More selected pictures" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Carle_Van_Loo_-_Marie_Leszczinska%2C_reine_de_France_%281703-1768%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/86px-Carle_Van_Loo_-_Marie_Leszczinska%2C_reine_de_France_%281703-1768%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="86" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Carle_Van_Loo_-_Marie_Leszczinska%2C_reine_de_France_%281703-1768%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/129px-Carle_Van_Loo_-_Marie_Leszczinska%2C_reine_de_France_%281703-1768%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Carle_Van_Loo_-_Marie_Leszczinska%2C_reine_de_France_%281703-1768%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/172px-Carle_Van_Loo_-_Marie_Leszczinska%2C_reine_de_France_%281703-1768%29_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3830" data-file-height="5354" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><span class="switcher-label" style="display:none"><span class="randomSlideshow-sr-only">Image 15</span></span><div class="center" style="margin: 0 0.25em 0.85em;"><div><span style="font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/Marie_Leszczy%C5%84ska" title="Marie Leszczyńska">Marie Leszczyńska</a></span></div><span style="font-size: 85%;">Painting credit: <a href="/wiki/Charles-Andr%C3%A9_van_Loo" title="Charles-André van Loo">Charles-André van Loo</a></span></div><div style="margin:0.5em 0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Marie_Leszczy%C5%84ska" title="Marie Leszczyńska">Marie Leszczyńska</a></b> (23 June 1703 – 24 June 1768) was a Polish noblewoman and French <a href="/wiki/Queen_consort" title="Queen consort">queen consort</a>. The daughter of King <a href="/wiki/Stanis%C5%82aw_Leszczy%C5%84ski" title="Stanisław Leszczyński">Stanisław I Leszczyński</a> of Poland and <a href="/wiki/Catherine_Opali%C5%84ska" title="Catherine Opalińska">Catherine Opalińska</a>, she married King <a href="/wiki/Louis_XV_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XV of France">Louis XV of France</a> in 1725 and became <a href="/wiki/List_of_French_consorts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of French consorts">queen consort of France</a>, serving in that role for 42 years until her death, the longest of any French queen. Marie was popular due to her generosity and piety. She was the grandmother of future French kings <a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XVI of France">Louis XVI</a>, <a href="/wiki/Louis_XVIII_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XVIII of France">Louis XVIII</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charles_X_of_France" title="Charles X of France">Charles X</a>.<br /><br />This picture is an oil-on-canvas portrait of Marie by French painter <a href="/wiki/Charles-Andr%C3%A9_van_Loo" title="Charles-André van Loo">Charles-André van Loo</a>, commissioned by Louis XV in 1747. She is depicted wearing the <a href="/wiki/Sancy" title="Sancy">Sancy</a> diamond, part of the <a href="/wiki/French_Crown_Jewels" title="French Crown Jewels">French Crown Jewels</a>. The painting now hangs in the <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Versailles" title="Palace of Versailles">Palace of Versailles</a>.</div><div class="noprint" style="margin-top:0.5em; font-weight:bold; width:100%; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Portal:France/Selected_picture" title="Portal:France/Selected picture">More selected pictures</a></div></div> </li> </ul></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:white;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #ef4135;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#0055a4;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:white;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3AFrance%2FNews&action=edit"><span style="color:white">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="In_the_news" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:white;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">In the news</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #ef4135;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:white;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.9em"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Main_Page" title="Read and edit Wikinews"><img alt="Read and edit Wikinews" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/75px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/113px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/150px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></a><figcaption>Read and edit Wikinews</figcaption></figure></div> <dl><dt><span style="font-weight:normal;">25 March 2025 –</span> <a href="/wiki/Aviation_accidents_and_incidents" title="Aviation accidents and incidents">Aviation accidents and incidents</a></dt> <dd>Three people are injured when two <a href="/wiki/Alpha_Jet" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha Jet">Alpha Jet</a> planes from the <a href="/wiki/French_Air_and_Space_Force" title="French Air and Space Force">French Air and Space Force</a> <a href="/wiki/Aerobatics" title="Aerobatics">aerobatics</a> team <a href="/wiki/Patrouille_de_France" title="Patrouille de France">Patrouille de France</a> crash after a <a href="/wiki/Mid-air_collision" title="Mid-air collision">mid-air collision</a> during rehearsals. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/en/live-news/20250326-three-survive-mid-air-crash-of-french-air-force-acrobatics-team">(France 24)</a></dd> <dt><span style="font-weight:normal;">11 March 2025 –</span> <a href="/wiki/Peace_negotiations_in_the_Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Peace negotiations in the Russian invasion of Ukraine">Peace negotiations in the Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></dt> <dd>The <a href="/wiki/Chief_of_defence" title="Chief of defence">military chiefs</a> of all European <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> countries meet in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, to discuss a potential European peacekeeping force in Ukraine, alongside Ukrainian representatives. The U.S. was not involved in the meeting. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rferl.org/a/nato-europe-peacekeeping-mission-ukraine-paris-meeting/33344276.html">(RFE/RL)</a></dd> <dt><span style="font-weight:normal;">9 March 2025 –</span> <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Military_aid_to_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Military aid to Ukraine">Military aid to Ukraine</a>, <a href="/wiki/France%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations" title="France–Ukraine relations">France–Ukraine relations</a>, <a href="/wiki/France%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="France–Russia relations">France–Russia relations</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Armed_Forces_(France)" title="Ministry of Armed Forces (France)">French Armed Forces Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Sebastien_Lecornu" class="mw-redirect" title="Sebastien Lecornu">Sebastien Lecornu</a> says that <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> will use €195 million in interest from <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russian</a> assets to fund a military aid package to <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/france-tap-russian-assets-195-million-euros-this-year-minister-says-2025-03-09/">(Reuters)</a></dd></dl> <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.9em"><b><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Portal:_France" class="extiw" title="wikinews:Portal: France">France category at Wikinews</a></b></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:white;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #ef4135;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#0055a4;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:white;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3AFrance%2FDYK%2F6&action=edit"><span style="color:white">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="Did_you_know_–_show_different_entries" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:white;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em"><span id="Did_you_know_.E2.80.93_show_different_entries"></span>Did you know – <span class="noprint plainlinks purgelink"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal:France&action=purge"><span title="Purge this page"><small><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494" /><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white"><i>show different entries</i></span></small></span></a></span></h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #ef4135;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:white;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <div style="float:right;margin-left:0.5em;"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:VannesCathedral.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vannes Cathedral."><img alt="Vannes Cathedral." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/VannesCathedral.jpg/94px-VannesCathedral.jpg" decoding="async" width="94" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/VannesCathedral.jpg/141px-VannesCathedral.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/VannesCathedral.jpg/187px-VannesCathedral.jpg 2x" data-file-width="893" data-file-height="953" /></a></span> </p> </div> <ul><li>...that the construction of <b><a href="/wiki/Vannes_Cathedral" title="Vannes Cathedral">Basilica Cathedral St. Peter and St. Patern, Vannes</a></b> <i>(pictured)</i> took seven centuries and featured styles from <a href="/wiki/Romanesque_architecture" title="Romanesque architecture">Romanesque</a> to Neo <a href="/wiki/Gothic_architecture" title="Gothic architecture">Gothic</a>?</li> <li>...that the <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">French</a> <a href="/wiki/Admiral" title="Admiral">admiral</a> <b><a href="/wiki/Abel_Aubert_Dupetit_Thouars" class="mw-redirect" title="Abel Aubert Dupetit Thouars">Dupetit Thouars</a></b> took possession of the <a href="/wiki/Tahiti" title="Tahiti">Tahiti</a> <a href="/wiki/Archipelago" title="Archipelago">archipelago</a> against his government's will?</li> <li>...that <b><a href="/wiki/Claude_Aveline" title="Claude Aveline">Claude Aveline</a></b> met <a href="/wiki/Jean_Vigo" title="Jean Vigo">Jean Vigo</a> in a health clinic and 28 years later founded <a href="/wiki/Prix_Jean_Vigo" title="Prix Jean Vigo">an award in his honor</a>?</li></ul> <table class="noprint" width="100%" border="0" style="padding: 0; margin: 0; background-color:transparent"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="text-align:left;margin-bottom:0px;"><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:France/DYK" title="Portal:France/DYK">More Did you know</a></b></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;"></div></div></div></div> <div style="clear:both;"> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:white;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #ef4135;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#0055a4;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:white;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3AFrance%2FTopics&action=edit"><span style="color:white">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="Topics" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:white;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Topics</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #ef4135;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:white;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <div style="text-align: center;"><small><b>Major articles. Linked categories are listed in bold typeface.</b></small></div> <ul style="font-size:85%;padding:.3em 0 .3em 25px;margin:0"> <b>Main Category</b> - <b><a href="/wiki/Category:France" title="Category:France">France</a></b>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_basic_France_topics" class="mw-redirect" title="List of basic France topics">List of basic France topics</a> <br /> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_France" title="Category:History of France">History of France</a></b> - <a href="/wiki/History_of_France" title="History of France">History of France</a> <ul><li><b>Historic Periods</b> - <a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Prehistoric France">Prehistoric France</a> - <a href="/wiki/Gaul" title="Gaul">Celtic Gaul</a> - <a href="/wiki/Roman_Gaul" title="Roman Gaul">Roman Gaul</a> - <a href="/wiki/Frankish_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankish Empire">Frankish Empire</a> - <a href="/wiki/France_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="France in the Middle Ages">Medieval France</a> - <a href="/wiki/Early_Modern_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Modern France">Early Modern France</a> - <a href="/wiki/France_in_the_nineteenth_century" class="mw-redirect" title="France in the nineteenth century">Nineteenth century France</a> - <a href="/wiki/France_in_the_twentieth_century" class="mw-redirect" title="France in the twentieth century">Twentieth century France</a></li> <li><b>Major Events</b> - <a href="/wiki/Hundred_Years%27_War" title="Hundred Years' War">Hundred Years' War</a> - <a href="/wiki/French_Renaissance" title="French Renaissance">French Renaissance</a> - <a href="/wiki/Wars_of_Religion" class="mw-redirect" title="Wars of Religion">Wars of Religion</a> - <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a> - <a href="/wiki/Franco-Prussian_War" title="Franco-Prussian War">Franco-Prussian War</a> - <a href="/wiki/Dreyfus_Affair" class="mw-redirect" title="Dreyfus Affair">Dreyfus Affair</a> - <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a> - <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> - <a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy France</a> - <a href="/wiki/Algerian_War" title="Algerian War">Algerian War</a> - <a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_France" title="Military history of France">Military history</a></li> <li><b>Dynasties and Regimes</b> - <a href="/wiki/Merovingian" class="mw-redirect" title="Merovingian">Merovingians</a> - <a href="/wiki/Carolingian" class="mw-redirect" title="Carolingian">Carolingians</a> - <a href="/wiki/Capetian_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Capetian Dynasty">Capetian Dynasty</a> - <a href="/wiki/Valois_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Valois Dynasty">Valois Dynasty</a> - <a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Bourbon Dynasty">Bourbon Dynasty</a> - <a href="/wiki/Ancien_R%C3%A9gime_in_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancien Régime in France">Ancien Régime in France</a> - <a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire">First Empire</a> - <a href="/wiki/French_Second_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="French Second Empire">Second Empire</a> - <a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">Third Republic</a> - <a href="/wiki/French_Fourth_Republic" title="French Fourth Republic">Fourth Republic</a> - <a href="/wiki/French_Fifth_Republic" title="French Fifth Republic">Fifth Republic</a></li> <li><b>Monarchs of France</b> - <a href="/wiki/List_of_French_monarchs" title="List of French monarchs">List of French monarchs</a> - <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a> - <a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Pious" title="Louis the Pious">Louis I the Pious</a> - <a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Bald" title="Charles the Bald">Charles II the Bald</a> - <a href="/wiki/Louis_the_Stammerer" title="Louis the Stammerer">Louis II the Stammerer</a> - <a href="/wiki/Louis_III_of_France" title="Louis III of France">Louis III</a> - <a href="/wiki/Carloman_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Carloman of France">Carloman</a> - <a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Fat" title="Charles the Fat">Charles III the Fat</a> - <a href="/wiki/Odo,_Count_of_Paris" class="mw-redirect" title="Odo, Count of Paris">Eudes (Odo)</a> - <a href="/wiki/Charles_the_Simple" title="Charles the Simple">Charles III the Simple</a> - <a href="/wiki/Robert_I_of_France" title="Robert I of France">Robert I</a> - <a href="/wiki/Rudolph_of_France" title="Rudolph of France">Raoul (Rudolph) of Burgundy</a> - <a href="/wiki/Louis_IV_of_France" title="Louis IV of France">Louis IV d'outremer</a> - <a href="/wiki/Lothair_of_France" title="Lothair of France">Lothair</a> - <a href="/wiki/Louis_V_of_France" title="Louis V of France">Louis V the Indolent</a> - <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Capet" title="Hugh Capet">Hugh Capet</a> - <a href="/wiki/Robert_II_of_France" title="Robert II of France">Robert II the Pious</a> - <a href="/wiki/Henry_I_of_France" title="Henry I of France">Henri I</a> - <a href="/wiki/Philip_I_of_France" title="Philip I of France">Philippe I</a> - <a href="/wiki/Louis_VI_of_France" title="Louis VI of France">Louis VI the Fat</a> - <a href="/wiki/Louis_VII_of_France" title="Louis VII of France">Louis VII the Young</a> - <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_France" title="Philip II of France">Philippe II Augustus</a> - <a href="/wiki/Louis_VIII_of_France" title="Louis VIII of France">Louis VIII the Lion</a> - <a href="/wiki/Louis_IX_of_France" title="Louis IX of France">Louis IX Saint Louis</a> - <a href="/wiki/Philip_III_of_France" title="Philip III of France">Philippe III the Bold</a> - <a href="/wiki/Philip_IV_of_France" title="Philip IV of France">Philippe IV the Fair</a> - <a href="/wiki/Louis_X_of_France" title="Louis X of France">Louis X the Quarreller</a> - <a href="/wiki/John_I_of_France" title="John I of France">Jean I the Posthumous</a> - <a href="/wiki/Philip_V_of_France" title="Philip V of France">Philippe V the Tall</a> - <a href="/wiki/Charles_IV_of_France" title="Charles IV of France">Charles IV the Fair</a> - <a href="/wiki/Philip_VI_of_France" title="Philip VI of France">Philip VI of Valois</a> - <a href="/wiki/John_II_of_France" title="John II of France">Jean II the Good</a> - <a href="/wiki/Charles_V_of_France" title="Charles V of France">Charles V</a> - <a href="/wiki/Charles_VI_of_France" title="Charles VI of France">Charles VI</a> - <a href="/wiki/Charles_VII_of_France" title="Charles VII of France">Charles VII</a> - <a href="/wiki/Louis_XI_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XI of France">Louis XI</a> - <a href="/wiki/Charles_VIII_of_France" title="Charles VIII of France">Charles VIII</a> - <a href="/wiki/Louis_XII_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XII of France">Louis XII</a> - <a href="/wiki/Francis_I_of_France" title="Francis I of France">François I</a> - <a href="/wiki/Henry_II_of_France" title="Henry II of France">Henri II</a> - <a href="/wiki/Francis_II_of_France" title="Francis II of France">François II</a> - <a href="/wiki/Charles_IX_of_France" title="Charles IX of France">Charles IX</a> - <a href="/wiki/Henry_III_of_France" title="Henry III of France">Henri III</a> - <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France" title="Henry IV of France">Henri IV</a> - <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIII_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XIII of France">Louis XIII</a> - <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XIV of France">Louis XIV</a> - <a href="/wiki/Louis_XV_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XV of France">Louis XV</a> - <a href="/wiki/Louis_XVI_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XVI of France">Louis XVI</a> - <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_I_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon I of France">Napoleon I</a> - <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_II_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon II of France">Napoleon II</a> - <a href="/wiki/Louis_XVIII_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XVIII of France">Louis XVIII</a> - <a href="/wiki/Charles_X_of_France" title="Charles X of France">Charles X</a> - <a href="/wiki/Louis-Philippe_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis-Philippe of France">Louis-Philippe</a> - <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_III_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon III of France">Napoleon III</a></li> <li><b>Other Major Historical Figures</b> - <a href="/wiki/Catherine_de_Medicis" class="mw-redirect" title="Catherine de Medicis">Catherine de Medicis</a> - <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Richelieu" title="Cardinal Richelieu">Cardinal Richelieu</a> - <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Mazarin" title="Cardinal Mazarin">Mazarin</a> - <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Colbert" title="Jean-Baptiste Colbert">Jean-Baptiste Colbert</a> - <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Necker" title="Jacques Necker">Jacques Necker</a> - <a href="/wiki/Jean_Jaur%C3%A8s" title="Jean Jaurès">Jean Jaurès</a></li></ul> <br /> <b>Culture and People</b> - <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Culture_of_France" title="Category:Culture of France">Culture of France</a></b> - <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_France" title="Culture of France">Culture of France</a> - <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Museums_in_France" title="Category:Museums in France">Museums in France</a></b> - <b><a href="/wiki/Category:French_people" title="Category:French people">French people</a></b> - <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Health_in_France" title="Category:Health in France">Health in France</a></b> - <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Education_in_France" title="Category:Education in France">Education in France</a></b> - <a href="/wiki/Education_in_France" title="Education in France">Education in France</a> - <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_in_France" title="Category:Religion in France">Religion in France</a></b> - <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Languages_of_France" title="Category:Languages of France">Languages of France</a></b> - <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_France" title="Languages of France">Languages of France</a> - <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French language</a> - <b><a href="/wiki/Category:French_cuisine" title="Category:French cuisine">French cuisine</a></b> - <a href="/wiki/French_cuisine" title="French cuisine">French cuisine</a> - <b><a href="/wiki/Category:French_wine" title="Category:French wine">French wine</a></b> - <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Archaeology_of_France" title="Category:Archaeology of France">Archaeology of France</a></b> - <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Basque" title="Category:Basque">Basque culture</a></b> - <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Culture_of_Brittany" title="Category:Culture of Brittany">Culture of Brittany</a></b> <br /><br /> <b>Politics and Government</b> - <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Government_of_France" title="Category:Government of France">Government of France</a></b> - <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Cabinet of France">Government of France</a> - <a href="/wiki/French_National_Assembly" class="mw-redirect" title="French National Assembly">French National Assembly</a> - <a href="/wiki/French_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="French Senate">French Senate</a> - <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Law_of_France" title="Category:Law of France">Law of France</a></b> - <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Politics_of_France" title="Category:Politics of France">French politics</a></b> - <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_France" title="Politics of France">Politics of France</a> - <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_of_France" title="Category:Military of France">Military of France</a></b> - <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Foreign_relations_of_France" title="Category:Foreign relations of France">Foreign relations of France</a></b> - <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Flags_of_France" title="Category:Flags of France">Flags of France</a></b> <ul><li><b>Heads of State of France since 1871</b> - <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_French_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the French Republic">President of the French Republic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">Third Republic</a>: <a href="/wiki/Adolphe_Thiers" title="Adolphe Thiers">Adolphe Thiers</a> • <a href="/wiki/Patrice_MacMahon,_duc_de_Magenta" class="mw-redirect" title="Patrice MacMahon, duc de Magenta">Patrice MacMahon, duc de Magenta</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jules_Gr%C3%A9vy" title="Jules Grévy">Jules Grévy</a> • <a href="/wiki/Marie_Fran%C3%A7ois_Sadi_Carnot" class="mw-redirect" title="Marie François Sadi Carnot">Marie François Sadi Carnot</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jean_Casimir-Perier" title="Jean Casimir-Perier">Jean Casimir-Perier</a> • <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Faure" title="Félix Faure">Félix Faure</a> • <a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Loubet" title="Émile Loubet">Émile Loubet</a> • <a href="/wiki/Armand_Falli%C3%A8res" title="Armand Fallières">Armand Fallières</a> • <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Poincar%C3%A9" title="Raymond Poincaré">Raymond Poincaré</a> • <a href="/wiki/Paul_Deschanel" title="Paul Deschanel">Paul Deschanel</a> • <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Millerand" title="Alexandre Millerand">Alexandre Millerand</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gaston_Doumergue" title="Gaston Doumergue">Gaston Doumergue</a> • <a href="/wiki/Paul_Doumer" title="Paul Doumer">Paul Doumer</a> • <a href="/wiki/Albert_Lebrun" title="Albert Lebrun">Albert Lebrun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy France</a>: <a href="/wiki/Philippe_P%C3%A9tain" title="Philippe Pétain">Philippe Pétain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_French_Forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Free French Forces">Free France</a>: <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_the_French_Republic" title="Provisional Government of the French Republic">Provisional Government</a>: <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a> • <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Gouin" title="Félix Gouin">Félix Gouin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Georges_Bidault" title="Georges Bidault">Georges Bidault</a> • <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Blum" title="Léon Blum">Léon Blum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Fourth_Republic" title="French Fourth Republic">Fourth Republic</a>: <a href="/wiki/Vincent_Auriol" title="Vincent Auriol">Vincent Auriol</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Coty" title="René Coty">René Coty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Fifth_Republic" title="French Fifth Republic">Fifth Republic</a>: <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a> • <a href="/wiki/Georges_Pompidou" title="Georges Pompidou">Georges Pompidou</a> • <a href="/wiki/Val%C3%A9ry_Giscard_d%27Estaing" title="Valéry Giscard d'Estaing">Valéry Giscard d'Estaing</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand" title="François Mitterrand">François Mitterrand</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Chirac" title="Jacques Chirac">Jacques Chirac</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Sarkozy" title="Nicolas Sarkozy">Nicolas Sarkozy</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Hollande" title="François Hollande">François Hollande</a> • <a href="/wiki/Emmanuel_Macron" title="Emmanuel Macron">Emmanuel Macron</a></li></ul></li> <li><b>Heads of Government of France since 1871</b> - <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_France" title="Prime Minister of France">Prime Minister of France</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Third_Republic" title="French Third Republic">Third Republic</a>: <a href="/wiki/Jules_Armand_Dufaure" title="Jules Armand Dufaure">Dufaure</a> • <a href="/wiki/Albert,_4th_duc_de_Broglie" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert, 4th duc de Broglie">de Broglie</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Courtot_de_Cissey" title="Ernest Courtot de Cissey">de Cissey</a> • <a href="/wiki/Louis_Buffet" title="Louis Buffet">Buffet</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jules_Armand_Dufaure" title="Jules Armand Dufaure">Dufaure</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jules_Simon" title="Jules Simon">Simon</a> • <a href="/wiki/Albert,_4th_duc_de_Broglie" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert, 4th duc de Broglie">de Broglie</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ga%C3%ABtan_de_Rochebou%C3%ABt" title="Gaëtan de Rochebouët">de Rochebouët</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jules_Armand_Dufaure" title="Jules Armand Dufaure">Dufaure</a> • <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Waddington" class="mw-redirect" title="William Henry Waddington">Waddington</a> • <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Freycinet" title="Charles de Freycinet">de Freycinet</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jules_Ferry" title="Jules Ferry">Ferry</a> • <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Gambetta" title="Léon Gambetta">Gambetta</a> • <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Freycinet" title="Charles de Freycinet">de Freycinet</a> • <a href="/wiki/Charles_Duclerc" title="Charles Duclerc">Duclerc</a> • <a href="/wiki/Armand_Falli%C3%A8res" title="Armand Fallières">Fallières</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jules_Ferry" title="Jules Ferry">Ferry</a> • <a href="/wiki/Henri_Brisson" title="Henri Brisson">Brisson</a> • <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Freycinet" title="Charles de Freycinet">de Freycinet</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Goblet" title="René Goblet">Goblet</a> • <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Rouvier" title="Maurice Rouvier">Rouvier</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Tirard" title="Pierre Tirard">Tirard</a> • <a href="/wiki/Charles_Floquet" title="Charles Floquet">Floquet</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Tirard" title="Pierre Tirard">Tirard</a> • <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Freycinet" title="Charles de Freycinet">de Freycinet</a> • <a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Loubet" title="Émile Loubet">Loubet</a> • <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Ribot" title="Alexandre Ribot">Ribot</a> • <a href="/wiki/Charles_Dupuy" title="Charles Dupuy">Dupuy</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jean_Casimir-Perier" title="Jean Casimir-Perier">Casimir-Perier</a> • <a href="/wiki/Charles_Dupuy" title="Charles Dupuy">Dupuy</a> • <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Ribot" title="Alexandre Ribot">Ribot</a> • <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Bourgeois" title="Léon Bourgeois">Bourgeois</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jules_M%C3%A9line" title="Jules Méline">Méline</a> • <a href="/wiki/Henri_Brisson" title="Henri Brisson">Brisson</a> • <a href="/wiki/Charles_Dupuy" title="Charles Dupuy">Dupuy</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Waldeck-Rousseau" class="mw-redirect" title="René Waldeck-Rousseau">Waldeck-Rousseau</a> • <a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Combes" title="Émile Combes">Combes</a> • <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Rouvier" title="Maurice Rouvier">Rouvier</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ferdinand_Sarrien" title="Ferdinand Sarrien">Sarrien</a> • <a href="/wiki/Georges_Clemenceau" title="Georges Clemenceau">Clemenceau</a> • <a href="/wiki/Aristide_Briand" title="Aristide Briand">Briand</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Monis" title="Ernest Monis">Monis</a> • <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Caillaux" title="Joseph Caillaux">Caillaux</a> • <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Poincar%C3%A9" title="Raymond Poincaré">Poincaré</a> • <a href="/wiki/Aristide_Briand" title="Aristide Briand">Briand</a> • <a href="/wiki/Louis_Barthou" title="Louis Barthou">Barthou</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gaston_Doumergue" title="Gaston Doumergue">Doumergue</a> • <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Ribot" title="Alexandre Ribot">Ribot</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Viviani" title="René Viviani">Viviani</a> • <a href="/wiki/Aristide_Briand" title="Aristide Briand">Briand</a> • <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Ribot" title="Alexandre Ribot">Ribot</a> • <a href="/wiki/Paul_Painlev%C3%A9" title="Paul Painlevé">Painlevé</a> • <a href="/wiki/Georges_Clemenceau" title="Georges Clemenceau">Clemenceau</a> • <a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Millerand" title="Alexandre Millerand">Millerand</a> • <a href="/wiki/Georges_Leygues" title="Georges Leygues">Leygues</a> • <a href="/wiki/Aristide_Briand" title="Aristide Briand">Briand</a> • <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Poincar%C3%A9" title="Raymond Poincaré">Poincaré</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric_Fran%C3%A7ois-Marsal" title="Frédéric François-Marsal">François-Marsal</a> • <a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Herriot" title="Édouard Herriot">Herriot</a> • <a href="/wiki/Paul_Painlev%C3%A9" title="Paul Painlevé">Painlevé</a> • <a href="/wiki/Aristide_Briand" title="Aristide Briand">Briand</a> • <a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Herriot" title="Édouard Herriot">Herriot</a> • <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Poincar%C3%A9" title="Raymond Poincaré">Poincaré</a> • <a href="/wiki/Aristide_Briand" title="Aristide Briand">Briand</a> • <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Tardieu" title="André Tardieu">Tardieu</a> • <a href="/wiki/Camille_Chautemps" title="Camille Chautemps">Chautemps</a> • <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Tardieu" title="André Tardieu">Tardieu</a> • <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9odore_Steeg" title="Théodore Steeg">Steeg</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Laval" title="Pierre Laval">Laval</a> • <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Tardieu" title="André Tardieu">Tardieu</a> • <a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Herriot" title="Édouard Herriot">Herriot</a> • <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Paul-Boncour" title="Joseph Paul-Boncour">Paul-Boncour</a> • <a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Daladier" title="Édouard Daladier">Daladier</a> • <a href="/wiki/Albert_Sarraut" title="Albert Sarraut">Sarraut</a> • <a href="/wiki/Camille_Chautemps" title="Camille Chautemps">Chautemps</a> • <a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Daladier" title="Édouard Daladier">Daladier</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gaston_Doumergue" title="Gaston Doumergue">Doumergue</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pierre-%C3%89tienne_Flandin" title="Pierre-Étienne Flandin">Flandin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fernand_Bouisson" title="Fernand Bouisson">Bouisson</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Laval" title="Pierre Laval">Laval</a> • <a href="/wiki/Albert_Sarraut" title="Albert Sarraut">Sarraut</a> • <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Blum" title="Léon Blum">Blum</a> • <a href="/wiki/Camille_Chautemps" title="Camille Chautemps">Chautemps</a> • <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Blum" title="Léon Blum">Blum</a> • <a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Daladier" title="Édouard Daladier">Daladier</a> • <a href="/wiki/Paul_Reynaud" title="Paul Reynaud">Reynaud</a> • <a href="/wiki/Philippe_P%C3%A9tain" title="Philippe Pétain">Pétain</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vichy_France" title="Vichy France">Vichy France</a>: <a href="/wiki/Philippe_P%C3%A9tain" title="Philippe Pétain">Pétain</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Laval" title="Pierre Laval">Laval</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Provisional_Government_of_the_French_Republic" title="Provisional Government of the French Republic">Provisional Government</a>: <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">de Gaulle</a> • <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Gouin" title="Félix Gouin">Gouin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Georges_Bidault" title="Georges Bidault">Bidault</a> • <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Blum" title="Léon Blum">Blum</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Fourth_Republic" title="French Fourth Republic">Fourth Republic</a>: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Ramadier" title="Paul Ramadier">Ramadier</a> • <a href="/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman">Schuman</a> • <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Marie" title="André Marie">Marie</a> • <a href="/wiki/Robert_Schuman" title="Robert Schuman">Schuman</a> • <a href="/wiki/Henri_Queuille" title="Henri Queuille">Queuille</a> • <a href="/wiki/Georges_Bidault" title="Georges Bidault">Bidault</a> • <a href="/wiki/Henri_Queuille" title="Henri Queuille">Queuille</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Pleven" title="René Pleven">Pleven</a> • <a href="/wiki/Henri_Queuille" title="Henri Queuille">Queuille</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Pleven" title="René Pleven">Pleven</a> • <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Faure" title="Edgar Faure">Faure</a> • <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Pinay" title="Antoine Pinay">Pinay</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Mayer" title="René Mayer">Mayer</a> • <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Laniel" title="Joseph Laniel">Laniel</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Mend%C3%A8s-France" class="mw-redirect" title="Pierre Mendès-France">Mendès-France</a> • <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Faure" title="Edgar Faure">Faure</a> • <a href="/wiki/Guy_Mollet" title="Guy Mollet">Mollet</a> • <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Bourg%C3%A8s-Maunoury" title="Maurice Bourgès-Maunoury">Bourgès-Maunoury</a> • <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Gaillard" title="Félix Gaillard">Gaillard</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Pflimlin" title="Pierre Pflimlin">Pflimlin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">de Gaulle</a><br /></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Fifth_Republic" title="French Fifth Republic">Fifth Republic</a>: <a href="/wiki/Michel_Debr%C3%A9" title="Michel Debré">Debré</a> • <a href="/wiki/Georges_Pompidou" title="Georges Pompidou">Pompidou</a> • <a href="/wiki/Maurice_Couve_de_Murville" title="Maurice Couve de Murville">Couve de Murville</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Chaban-Delmas" title="Jacques Chaban-Delmas">Chaban-Delmas</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Messmer" title="Pierre Messmer">Messmer</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Chirac" title="Jacques Chirac">Chirac</a> • <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Barre" title="Raymond Barre">Barre</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Mauroy" title="Pierre Mauroy">Mauroy</a> • <a href="/wiki/Laurent_Fabius" title="Laurent Fabius">Fabius</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Chirac" title="Jacques Chirac">Chirac</a> • <a href="/wiki/Michel_Rocard" title="Michel Rocard">Rocard</a> • <a href="/wiki/%C3%89dith_Cresson" title="Édith Cresson">Cresson</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pierre_B%C3%A9r%C3%A9govoy" title="Pierre Bérégovoy">Bérégovoy</a> • <a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Balladur" title="Édouard Balladur">Balladur</a> • <a href="/wiki/Alain_Jupp%C3%A9" title="Alain Juppé">Juppé</a> • <a href="/wiki/Lionel_Jospin" title="Lionel Jospin">Jospin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Raffarin" title="Jean-Pierre Raffarin">Raffarin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Dominique_de_Villepin" title="Dominique de Villepin">de Villepin</a> • <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Fillon" title="François Fillon">Fillon</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jean-Marc_Ayrault" title="Jean-Marc Ayrault">Ayrault</a> • <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Valls" title="Manuel Valls">Valls</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Cazeneuve" title="Bernard Cazeneuve">Cazeneuve</a> • <a href="/wiki/%C3%89douard_Philippe" title="Édouard Philippe">Philippe</a> • <a href="/wiki/Jean_Castex" title="Jean Castex">Castex</a></li></ul></li></ul> <br /> <b>Economy, Industry and Media</b> - <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Economy_of_France" title="Category:Economy of France">Economy of France</a></b> - <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_France" title="Economy of France">Economy of France</a> - <a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_France" title="Economic history of France">Economic history of France</a> - <b><a href="/wiki/Category:French_businesspeople" title="Category:French businesspeople">French businesspeople</a></b> - <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Companies_of_France" title="Category:Companies of France">Companies of France</a></b> - <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Trade_unions_in_France" title="Category:Trade unions in France">French trade unions</a></b> - <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Communications_in_France" title="Category:Communications in France">Communications in France</a></b> - <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Mass_media_in_France" title="Category:Mass media in France">Mass media in France</a></b> - <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Space_program_of_France" title="Category:Space program of France">French space program</a></b> - <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Airlines_of_France" title="Category:Airlines of France">French airlines</a></b> <br /> <br /> <b>Visual and Plastic Arts</b> - <b><a href="/wiki/Category:French_art" title="Category:French art">French art</a></b> - <b><a href="/wiki/Category:French_artists" title="Category:French artists">French artists</a></b> - <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Architecture_in_France" title="Category:Architecture in France">French architecture</a></b> - <a href="/wiki/French_art" title="French art">French art</a> <ul><li><b>Historic periods</b>: <a href="/wiki/French_Renaissance" title="French Renaissance">French Renaissance</a> - <a href="/wiki/French_Baroque_and_Classicism" class="mw-redirect" title="French Baroque and Classicism">French Baroque and Classicism</a> - <a href="/wiki/French_Rococo_and_Neoclassicism" class="mw-redirect" title="French Rococo and Neoclassicism">French Rococo and Neoclassicism</a> - <a href="/wiki/French_art_of_the_19th_century" class="mw-redirect" title="French art of the 19th century">French art of the 19th century</a> - <a href="/wiki/French_art_of_the_20th_century" class="mw-redirect" title="French art of the 20th century">French art of the 20th century</a></li> <li><b>Artistic Schools</b>: <a href="/wiki/Impressionism" title="Impressionism">Impressionism</a> - <a href="/wiki/Cubism" title="Cubism">Cubism</a> - <a href="/wiki/Surrealism" title="Surrealism">Surrealism</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Art_museums_and_galleries_in_France" title="Category:Art museums and galleries in France">Art museums and galleries</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Louvre" title="Louvre">Louvre</a> - <a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Versailles" title="Palace of Versailles">Palace of Versailles</a> - <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_d%27Orsay" title="Musée d'Orsay">Musée d'Orsay</a> - <a href="/wiki/Centre_Georges_Pompidou" class="mw-redirect" title="Centre Georges Pompidou">Centre Georges Pompidou</a> - <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_Picasso" title="Musée Picasso">Musée Picasso</a> - <a href="/wiki/Mus%C3%A9e_Rodin" title="Musée Rodin">Musée Rodin</a></li></ul> <br /> <b>Literature</b> - <b><a href="/wiki/Category:French_literature" title="Category:French literature">French literature</a></b> - <b><a href="/wiki/Category:French_writers" title="Category:French writers">French writers</a></b> - <a href="/wiki/French_literature" title="French literature">French literature</a> - <a href="/wiki/French_poetry" title="French poetry">French poetry</a> <ul><li><b>Historic periods</b>: <a href="/wiki/Medieval_French_literature" title="Medieval French literature">Medieval French literature</a> - <a href="/wiki/French_Renaissance_literature" title="French Renaissance literature">French Renaissance literature</a> - <a href="/wiki/French_literature_of_the_17th_century" class="mw-redirect" title="French literature of the 17th century">French literature of the 17th century</a> - <a href="/wiki/French_literature_of_the_18th_century" class="mw-redirect" title="French literature of the 18th century">French literature of the 18th century</a> - <a href="/wiki/French_literature_of_the_19th_century" class="mw-redirect" title="French literature of the 19th century">French literature of the 19th century</a> - <a href="/wiki/French_literature_of_the_20th_century" class="mw-redirect" title="French literature of the 20th century">French literature of the 20th century</a></li></ul> <br /> <b>Music</b> - <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Music_of_France" title="Category:Music of France">French music</a></b> - <b><a href="/wiki/Category:French_composers" title="Category:French composers">French composers</a></b> - <b><a href="/wiki/Category:French_musicians" title="Category:French musicians">French musicians</a></b> - <a href="/wiki/Music_of_France" title="Music of France">Music of France</a> - <a href="/wiki/French_folk_music" title="French folk music">French folk music</a> - <a href="/wiki/French_rock" class="mw-redirect" title="French rock">French rock</a> - <a href="/wiki/French_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="French hip hop">French hip hop and rap</a> <br /><br /> <b>Cinema</b> - <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Cinema_of_France" title="Category:Cinema of France">Cinema of France</a></b> - <a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_France" title="Cinema of France">Cinema of France</a> - <b><a href="/wiki/Category:French_actors" title="Category:French actors">French actors</a></b> - <b><a href="/wiki/Category:French_film_directors" title="Category:French film directors">French film directors</a></b> - <b><a href="/wiki/Category:French_film_producers" title="Category:French film producers">French film producers</a></b> - <b><a href="/wiki/Category:C%C3%A9sar_Award_winners" title="Category:César Award winners">César Award winners</a></b> - <a href="/wiki/Cannes_Film_Festival" title="Cannes Film Festival">Cannes Film Festival</a> <br /><br /> <b>Theater</b> - <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Theatre_of_France" title="Category:Theatre of France">French theatre</a></b> - <b><a href="/wiki/Category:French_dramatists_and_playwrights" title="Category:French dramatists and playwrights">French dramatists and playwrights</a></b> - <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Theatres_in_France" title="Category:Theatres in France">Theatres in France</a></b> - <a href="/wiki/Avignon_Festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Avignon Festival">Avignon Festival</a> - <a href="/wiki/Com%C3%A9die_fran%C3%A7aise" class="mw-redirect" title="Comédie française">Comédie française</a> <br /><br /> <b>Sports</b>- <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Sport_in_France" title="Category:Sport in France">Sport in France</a></b> - <b><a href="/wiki/Category:French_sportspeople" title="Category:French sportspeople">French sportspeople</a></b> - <b><a href="/wiki/Category:France_at_the_Olympics" title="Category:France at the Olympics">France at the Olympics</a></b> - <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Football_in_France" title="Category:Football in France">Football (Soccer)</a></b>: <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Football_clubs_in_France" title="Category:Football clubs in France">French football clubs</a></b> - <b><a href="/wiki/Category:French_footballers" title="Category:French footballers">French footballers</a></b> - <a href="/wiki/Football_in_France" title="Football in France">Football in France</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Rugby_union_in_France" title="Category:Rugby union in France">Rugby (union)</a></b>: <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Rugby_union_clubs_in_France" title="Category:Rugby union clubs in France">Clubs in France</a></b> - <b><a href="/wiki/Category:French_rugby_union_players" title="Category:French rugby union players">French rugbymen</a></b> - <a href="/wiki/Rugby_union_in_France" title="Rugby union in France">Rugby union in France</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Tennis_in_France" title="Category:Tennis in France">Tennis</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/French_Open_(tennis)" class="mw-redirect" title="French Open (tennis)">French Open</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Cycle_racing_in_France" title="Category:Cycle racing in France">Cycling</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Tour_de_France" title="Tour de France">Tour de France</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Motorsport_in_France" title="Category:Motorsport in France">Motorsport</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/24_Hours_of_Le_Mans" title="24 Hours of Le Mans">24 Hours of Le Mans</a> - <a href="/wiki/French_Grand_Prix" title="French Grand Prix">French Grand Prix</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Ski_areas_and_resorts_in_France" title="Category:Ski areas and resorts in France">Ski resorts</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Chamonix" title="Chamonix">Chamonix</a> - <a href="/wiki/Tignes" title="Tignes">Tignes</a> - <a href="/wiki/Val_Thorens" title="Val Thorens">Val Thorens</a> - <a href="/wiki/Les_Trois_Vall%C3%A9es" title="Les Trois Vallées">Les Trois Vallées</a> - <a href="/wiki/La_Plagne" title="La Plagne">La Plagne</a> - <a href="/wiki/Les_Arcs" title="Les Arcs">Les Arcs</a> - <a href="/wiki/Courchevel" title="Courchevel">Courchevel</a> - <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9ribel" title="Méribel">Méribel</a> - <a href="/wiki/Val_d%27Is%C3%A8re" class="mw-redirect" title="Val d'Isère">Val d'Isère</a> - <a href="/wiki/Les_Deux_Alpes" title="Les Deux Alpes">Les Deux Alpes</a> - <a href="/wiki/Meg%C3%A8ve" title="Megève">Megève</a></li></ul> </ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:white;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #ef4135;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#0055a4;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:white;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3AFrance%2FGeographyTopics&action=edit"><span style="color:white">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="Geographic_topics" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:white;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Geographic topics</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #ef4135;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:white;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <div style="text-align: center;"><small><b>Major articles. Linked categories are listed in bold typeface.</b></small></div> <ul style="font-size:85%;padding:.3em 0 .3em 25px;margin:0"> <b>Main Category</b> - <b><a href="/wiki/Category:France" title="Category:France">France</a></b> <br /> <b>Geography</b> - <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Geography_of_France" title="Category:Geography of France">Geography of France</a></b> - <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_France" title="Geography of France">Geography of France</a> - <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Regions_of_France" title="Category:Regions of France">Regions of France</a></b> - <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_France" title="Provinces of France">Provinces of France</a> - <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Subdivisions_of_France" title="Category:Subdivisions of France">Subdivisions of France</a></b> - <a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_France" title="Administrative divisions of France">Subdivisions of France</a> - <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Overseas_France" title="Category:Overseas France">Overseas France</a></b> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:France_cities.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of French cities"><img alt="Map of French cities" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/France_cities.png/500px-France_cities.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="350" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/France_cities.png/960px-France_cities.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1797" data-file-height="1796" /></a><figcaption>Map of French cities</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><b>Coastlines</b>: <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Ocean" title="Atlantic Ocean">Atlantic Ocean</a> - <a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Biscay" title="Bay of Biscay">Bay of Biscay</a> ("Golfe de Gascogne") – <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a> (<a href="/wiki/Golfe_du_Lion" class="mw-redirect" title="Golfe du Lion">Golfe du Lion</a>) - <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4te_d%27Azur" class="mw-redirect" title="Côte d'Azur">Côte d'Azur</a> ("French Riviera") – <a href="/wiki/English_Channel" title="English Channel">English Channel</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Islands_of_France" title="Category:Islands of France">Islands</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Belle_%C3%8Ele" title="Belle Île">Belle Île</a> – <a href="/wiki/Corsica" title="Corsica">Corsica</a> – <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_d%27Ol%C3%A9ron" class="mw-redirect" title="Île d'Oléron">Île d'Oléron</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ouessant" class="mw-redirect" title="Ouessant">Ouessant</a> – <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_de_R%C3%A9" title="Île de Ré">Île de Ré</a> – <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_d%27Yeu" title="Île d'Yeu">Île d'Yeu</a> - <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a> - <a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a> - <a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a> - <a href="/wiki/Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy" title="Saint Barthélemy">Saint Barthélemy</a> - <a href="/wiki/Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin" title="Collectivity of Saint Martin">Saint Martin</a> - <a href="/wiki/Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon" title="Saint Pierre and Miquelon">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Rivers_of_France" title="Category:Rivers of France">Rivers and streams</a></b>: <ul><li>Major rivers: <a href="/wiki/Loire" title="Loire">Loire</a> – <a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhine</a> – <a href="/wiki/Rh%C3%B4ne" title="Rhône">Rhône</a> – <a href="/wiki/Seine" title="Seine">Seine</a> – <a href="/wiki/Garonne" title="Garonne">Garonne</a> - <a href="/wiki/Gironde_estuary" title="Gironde estuary">Gironde estuary</a> - <a href="/wiki/Dordogne_(river)" title="Dordogne (river)">Dordogne</a> – <a href="/wiki/Meuse" title="Meuse">Meuse</a> – <a href="/wiki/Scheldt" title="Scheldt">Escaut</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sa%C3%B4ne" title="Saône">Saône</a> – <a href="/wiki/Marne_(river)" title="Marne (river)">Marne</a> – <a href="/wiki/Moselle" title="Moselle">Moselle</a></li> <li>Other rivers: <a href="/wiki/Adour" title="Adour">Adour</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charente_(river)" title="Charente (river)">Charente</a> - <a href="/wiki/Aulne" title="Aulne">Aulne</a> – <a href="/wiki/Blavet" title="Blavet">Blavet</a> – <a href="/wiki/Erdre" title="Erdre">Erdre</a> – <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9rault_(river)" title="Hérault (river)">Hérault</a> – <a href="/wiki/Odet" title="Odet">Odet</a> – <a href="/wiki/Orb_(river)" title="Orb (river)">Orb</a> – <a href="/wiki/Orne_(river)" title="Orne (river)">Orne</a> – <a href="/wiki/Rance_(river)" title="Rance (river)">Rance</a> – <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8vre_Nantaise" title="Sèvre Nantaise">Sèvre Nantaise</a> – <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8vre_Niortaise" title="Sèvre Niortaise">Sèvre Niortaise</a> – <a href="/wiki/Var_(river)" title="Var (river)">Var</a> - <a href="/wiki/Aisne_(river)" title="Aisne (river)">Aisne</a> – <a href="/wiki/Allier_(river)" title="Allier (river)">Allier</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ari%C3%A8ge_(river)" title="Ariège (river)">Ariège</a> – <a href="/wiki/Aube_(river)" title="Aube (river)">Aube</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cher_(river)" title="Cher (river)">Cher</a> – <a href="/wiki/Doubs_(river)" title="Doubs (river)">Doubs</a> – <a href="/wiki/Durance" title="Durance">Durance</a> – <a href="/wiki/Indre_(river)" title="Indre (river)">Indre</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ill_(France)" title="Ill (France)">Ill</a> – <a href="/wiki/Is%C3%A8re_(river)" title="Isère (river)">Isère</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lot_(river)" title="Lot (river)">Lot</a> – <a href="/wiki/Maine_(river)" title="Maine (river)">Maine</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mayenne_(river)" title="Mayenne (river)">Mayenne</a> – <a href="/wiki/Meurthe_(river)" title="Meurthe (river)">Meurthe</a> – <a href="/wiki/Oise_(river)" title="Oise (river)">Oise</a> - <a href="/wiki/Somme_(river)" title="Somme (river)">Somme</a> - <a href="/wiki/Tarn_(river)" title="Tarn (river)">Tarn</a> – <a href="/wiki/Verdon_(river)" title="Verdon (river)">Verdon</a> – <a href="/wiki/Vienne_(river)" title="Vienne (river)">Vienne</a> – <a href="/wiki/Vire_(river)" title="Vire (river)">Vire</a> – <a href="/wiki/Yonne_(river)" title="Yonne (river)">Yonne</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Canals_in_France" title="Category:Canals in France">Canals</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Canal_du_Midi" title="Canal du Midi">Canal du Midi</a> – <a href="/wiki/Canal_de_Nantes_%C3%A0_Brest" class="mw-redirect" title="Canal de Nantes à Brest">Canal de Nantes à Brest</a> – <a href="/wiki/Canal_Saint-Martin" title="Canal Saint-Martin">Canal Saint-Martin</a> – <a href="/wiki/Briare_Canal" title="Briare Canal">Briare Canal</a> – <a href="/wiki/Canal_of_Burgundy" class="mw-redirect" title="Canal of Burgundy">Canal of Burgundy</a> – <a href="/wiki/Grand_Canal_d%27Alsace" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Canal d'Alsace">Grand Canal d'Alsace</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sambre%E2%80%93Oise_Canal" title="Sambre–Oise Canal">Sambre–Oise Canal</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Lakes_of_France" title="Category:Lakes of France">Lakes</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Lake_Annecy" title="Lake Annecy">Lake Annecy</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lac_du_Bourget" title="Lac du Bourget">Lac du Bourget</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lake_Geneva" title="Lake Geneva">Lake Geneva</a> (Lac Léman) – <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tang_de_Thau" title="Étang de Thau">Étang de Thau</a> – <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tang_de_Berre" title="Étang de Berre">Étang de Berre</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Mountains_of_France" title="Category:Mountains of France">Mountains</a></b>: <ul><li>Major Mountain ranges: <a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alps</a> – <a href="/wiki/French_Prealps" title="French Prealps">French Prealps</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es" class="mw-redirect" title="Pyrénées">Pyrénées</a> – <a href="/wiki/Massif_Central" title="Massif Central">Massif Central</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jura_Mountains" title="Jura Mountains">Jura</a> – <a href="/wiki/Vosges" title="Vosges">Vosges</a></li> <li>Other Mountain ranges: <a href="/wiki/Aravis_Range" title="Aravis Range">Aravis Range</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bauges" class="mw-redirect" title="Bauges">Bauges</a> – <a href="/wiki/Belledonne" title="Belledonne">Belledonne</a> – <a href="/wiki/Chartreuse_Mountains" title="Chartreuse Mountains">Chartreuse Mountains</a> – <a href="/wiki/Massif_des_%C3%89crins" title="Massif des Écrins">Massif des Écrins</a> – <a href="/wiki/Vercors_Massif" class="mw-redirect" title="Vercors Massif">Vercors</a></li> <li>Mountain peaks: <a href="/wiki/Mont_Blanc" title="Mont Blanc">Mont Blanc</a> – <a href="/wiki/Aiguille_du_Midi" title="Aiguille du Midi">Aiguille du Midi</a> – <a href="/wiki/Barre_des_%C3%89crins" title="Barre des Écrins">Barre des Écrins</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ballon_d%27Alsace" title="Ballon d'Alsace">Ballon d'Alsace</a> – <a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%AAt_de_la_Neige" title="Crêt de la Neige">Crêt de la Neige</a> – <a href="/wiki/Grandes_Jorasses" title="Grandes Jorasses">Grandes Jorasses</a> – <a href="/wiki/Meije" title="Meije">Meije</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mont_Aigoual" title="Mont Aigoual">Mont Aigoual</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mont_Ventoux" title="Mont Ventoux">Mont Ventoux</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pic_du_Midi_de_Bigorre" title="Pic du Midi de Bigorre">Pic du Midi</a> - <a href="/wiki/Mont_Pelvoux" title="Mont Pelvoux">Mont Pelvoux</a> – <a href="/wiki/Puy_de_D%C3%B4me" title="Puy de Dôme">Puy de Dôme</a> – <a href="/wiki/Puy_de_Sancy" title="Puy de Sancy">Puy de Sancy</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Forests_of_France" title="Category:Forests of France">Forests</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Forest_of_Fontainebleau" title="Forest of Fontainebleau">Forest of Fontainebleau</a> – <a href="/wiki/Forest_of_Compi%C3%A8gne" title="Forest of Compiègne">Forest of Compiègne</a> – <a href="/wiki/Paimpont_forest" title="Paimpont forest">Paimpont forest</a> – <a href="/wiki/Forest_of_Saint-Germain-en-Laye" title="Forest of Saint-Germain-en-Laye">Forest of Saint-Germain-en-Laye</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Category:National_parks_of_France" title="Category:National parks of France">National parks and natural regions</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9vennes_National_Park" title="Cévennes National Park">Cévennes National Park</a> – <a href="/wiki/%C3%89crins_National_Park" title="Écrins National Park">Écrins National Park</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mercantour_National_Park" title="Mercantour National Park">Mercantour National Park</a> – <a href="/wiki/Port-Cros_National_Park" title="Port-Cros National Park">Port-Cros National Park</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es_National_Park" title="Pyrénées National Park">Pyrénées National Park</a> – <a href="/wiki/Vanoise_National_Park" title="Vanoise National Park">Vanoise National Park</a> – <a href="/wiki/Boulonnais_(land_area)" title="Boulonnais (land area)">Boulonnais</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bresse" title="Bresse">Bresse</a> – <a href="/wiki/Beaujolais" title="Beaujolais">Beaujolais</a> – <a href="/wiki/Camargue" title="Camargue">Camargue</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pays_de_Bray" title="Pays de Bray">Pays de Bray</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sundgau" title="Sundgau">Sundgau</a> – <a href="/wiki/Vexin" title="Vexin">Vexin</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Cities_in_France" title="Category:Cities in France">Major cities</a>:</b> <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> (<b><a href="/wiki/Category:Paris" title="Category:Paris">Paris</a></b>) – <a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lyon" title="Lyon">Lyon</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille">Lille</a> – <a href="/wiki/Toulouse" title="Toulouse">Toulouse</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nantes" title="Nantes">Nantes</a> – <a href="/wiki/Strasbourg" title="Strasbourg">Strasbourg</a> – <a href="/wiki/Montpellier" title="Montpellier">Montpellier</a> – <a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a> – <a href="/wiki/Rennes" title="Rennes">Rennes</a> – <a href="/wiki/Douai" title="Douai">Douai</a> – <a href="/wiki/Le_Havre" title="Le Havre">Le Havre</a> – <a href="/wiki/Reims" title="Reims">Reims</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lens,_Pas-de-Calais" title="Lens, Pas-de-Calais">Lens</a> – <a href="/wiki/Saint-%C3%89tienne" title="Saint-Étienne">Saint-Étienne</a> – <a href="/wiki/Toulon" title="Toulon">Toulon</a> – <a href="/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble">Grenoble</a> – <a href="/wiki/Angers" title="Angers">Angers</a> – <a href="/wiki/Brest,_France" title="Brest, France">Brest</a> – <a href="/wiki/Le_Mans" title="Le Mans">Le Mans</a> – <a href="/wiki/Dijon" title="Dijon">Dijon</a> – <a href="/wiki/Clermont-Ferrand" title="Clermont-Ferrand">Clermont-Ferrand</a> – <a href="/wiki/Aix-en-Provence" title="Aix-en-Provence">Aix-en-Provence</a> – <a href="/wiki/Amiens" title="Amiens">Amiens</a> – <a href="/wiki/N%C3%AEmes" title="Nîmes">Nîmes</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tours" title="Tours">Tours</a> – <a href="/wiki/Limoges" title="Limoges">Limoges</a> – <a href="/wiki/Metz" title="Metz">Metz</a> – <a href="/wiki/Besan%C3%A7on" title="Besançon">Besançon</a> – <a href="/wiki/Caen" title="Caen">Caen</a> – <a href="/wiki/Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Orléans">Orléans</a> - <a href="/wiki/Mulhouse" title="Mulhouse">Mulhouse</a> – <a href="/wiki/Perpignan" title="Perpignan">Perpignan</a> - <a href="/wiki/Boulogne-Billancourt" title="Boulogne-Billancourt">Boulogne-Billancourt</a> – <a href="/wiki/Rouen" title="Rouen">Rouen</a> – <a href="/wiki/Dunkirk" title="Dunkirk">Dunkirk</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nancy,_France" title="Nancy, France">Nancy</a> – <a href="/wiki/Villeneuve-d%27Ascq" title="Villeneuve-d'Ascq">Villeneuve-d'Ascq</a> – <a href="/wiki/Saint-Denis,_R%C3%A9union" title="Saint-Denis, Réunion">Saint-Denis, Réunion</a></li> <li><b>Other: <a href="/wiki/Category:Gardens_in_France" title="Category:Gardens in France">Gardens in France</a> - <a href="/wiki/Category:Cemeteries_in_France" title="Category:Cemeteries in France">Cemeteries in France</a> - <a href="/wiki/Category:Transport_in_France" title="Category:Transport in France">Transport in France</a> - <a href="/wiki/Category:Tourism_in_France" title="Category:Tourism in France">Tourism in France</a> - <a href="/wiki/Category:Nature_conservation_in_France" title="Category:Nature conservation in France">Nature conservation in France</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Ski_areas_and_resorts_in_France" title="Category:Ski areas and resorts in France">Ski resorts</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Chamonix" title="Chamonix">Chamonix</a> - <a href="/wiki/Tignes" title="Tignes">Tignes</a> - <a href="/wiki/Val_Thorens" title="Val Thorens">Val Thorens</a> - <a href="/wiki/Les_Trois_Vall%C3%A9es" title="Les Trois Vallées">Les Trois Vallées</a> - <a href="/wiki/La_Plagne" title="La Plagne">La Plagne</a> - <a href="/wiki/Les_Arcs" title="Les Arcs">Les Arcs</a> - <a href="/wiki/Courchevel" title="Courchevel">Courchevel</a> - <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9ribel" title="Méribel">Méribel</a> - <a href="/wiki/Val-d%27Is%C3%A8re" title="Val-d'Isère">Val-d'Isère</a> - <a href="/wiki/Les_Deux_Alpes" title="Les Deux Alpes">Les Deux Alpes</a> - <a href="/wiki/Meg%C3%A8ve" title="Megève">Megève</a></li></ul> </ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:white;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #ef4135;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#0055a4;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:white;font-size:80%"></div><h2 id="Categories" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:white;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Categories</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #ef4135;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:white;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:C_Puzzle.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Category puzzle"><img alt="Category puzzle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/C_Puzzle.png/60px-C_Puzzle.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/C_Puzzle.png/120px-C_Puzzle.png 1.5x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="150" /></a><figcaption>Category puzzle</figcaption></figure> <div style="text-align: center;"><small>Select [►] to view subcategories</small></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <div class="CategoryTreeTag" data-ct-options="{"mode":0,"hideprefix":20,"showcount":false,"namespaces":false,"notranslations":false}"><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="France" data-ct-loaded="1" aria-expanded="true"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:France" title="Category:France">France</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren"><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="France-related_lists" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:France-related_lists" title="Category:France-related lists">France-related lists</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Buildings_and_structures_in_France" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Buildings_and_structures_in_France" title="Category:Buildings and structures in France">Buildings and structures in France</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Culture_of_France" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Culture_of_France" title="Category:Culture of France">Culture of France</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Economy_of_France" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Economy_of_France" title="Category:Economy of France">Economy of France</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Environment_of_France" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Environment_of_France" title="Category:Environment of France">Environment of France</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Geography_of_France" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Geography_of_France" title="Category:Geography of France">Geography of France</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Government_of_France" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Government_of_France" title="Category:Government of France">Government of France</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Health_in_France" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Health_in_France" title="Category:Health in France">Health in France</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="History_of_France" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_France" title="Category:History of France">History of France</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Organizations_based_in_France" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Organizations_based_in_France" title="Category:Organizations based in France">Organizations based in France</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="French_people" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:French_people" title="Category:French people">French people</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Politics_of_France" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Politics_of_France" title="Category:Politics of France">Politics of France</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="Society_of_France" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_France" title="Category:Society of France">Society of France</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="France_stubs" aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/Category:France_stubs" title="Category:France stubs">France stubs</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div></div></div></div> </div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:white;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #ef4135;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#0055a4;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:white;font-size:80%"></div><h2 id="Related_portals" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:white;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Related portals</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #ef4135;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:white;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-unbordered portal-bar-related" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><ul class="portal-bar-content portal-bar-content-related"><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/40px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/60px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Algeria" title="Portal:Algeria">Algeria</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/28px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/42px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/Flag_of_Andorra.svg/56px-Flag_of_Andorra.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Andorra" title="Portal:Andorra">Andorra</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/40px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/60px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="780" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Belgium" title="Portal:Belgium">Belgium</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/28px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/42px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/56px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Germany" title="Portal:Germany">Germany</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/40px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/03/Flag_of_Italy.svg/60px-Flag_of_Italy.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Italy" title="Portal:Italy">Italy</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/40px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg/60px-Flag_of_Luxembourg.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="307" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Luxembourg" title="Portal:Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/28px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/42px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Flag_of_Monaco.svg/56px-Flag_of_Monaco.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Monaco" title="Portal:Monaco">Monaco</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/40px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/60px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Spain" title="Portal:Spain">Spain</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/24px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/36px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Switzerland.svg/48px-Flag_of_Switzerland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Switzerland" title="Portal:Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/28px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/42px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg/56px-Flag_of_the_United_Kingdom.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_Kingdom" title="Portal:United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/40px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/60px-Europe_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Europe" title="Portal:Europe">Europe</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/28px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/42px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Flag_of_Europe.svg/56px-Flag_of_Europe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="810" data-file-height="540" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:European_Union" title="Portal:European Union">European Union</a></li></ul></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:white;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #ef4135;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#0055a4;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:white;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3AFrance_tasks&action=edit"><span style="color:white">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="Things_you_can_do" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:white;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Things you can do</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #ef4135;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:white;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <table cellpadding="3" style="background:none"> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Clipboard.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1f/Clipboard.svg/16px-Clipboard.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1f/Clipboard.svg/24px-Clipboard.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1f/Clipboard.svg/32px-Clipboard.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span> <b>Wikipedia:France-related tasks</b> <ul style="font-size:85%;padding:.3em 0 .3em 0px;margin:0"> <b>You can help! Vous pouvez aider !</b> <br /> <b>Here are some <a class="mw-selflink selflink">France</a> related tasks you can do</b>: <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Requested_articles" title="Wikipedia:Requested articles">Requests</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A9rard_Garouste" title="Gérard Garouste">Gérard Garouste</a> – <a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Peynot" title="Émile Peynot">Émile Peynot</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_France/Article_requests" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject France/Article requests">more</a>...</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Requested_pictures" title="Wikipedia:Requested pictures">Photo requests</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Valence,_Tarn-et-Garonne" title="Valence, Tarn-et-Garonne">Valence, Tarn-et-Garonne</a> – <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%A9nith_d%27Orl%C3%A9ans" title="Zénith d'Orléans">Zénith d'Orléans</a> – <a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_requested_photographs_in_France" title="Category:Wikipedia requested photographs in France">more</a>...</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_translation_from_French_Wikipedia" title="Category:Articles needing translation from French Wikipedia">Translation from French</a></b>:See <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_TRANSWIKI/French" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject TRANSWIKI/French">TRANSWIKI/French</a> for details. <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formation_territoriale_de_la_France_m%C3%A9tropolitaine" class="extiw" title="fr:Formation territoriale de la France métropolitaine">fr:Formation territoriale de la France métropolitaine</a> to <a href="/wiki/Territorial_formation_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Territorial formation of France">Territorial formation of France</a> – <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loi_constitutionnelle_du_23_juillet_2008" class="extiw" title="fr:Loi constitutionnelle du 23 juillet 2008">Loi constitutionnelle du 23 juillet 2008</a> to <a href="/wiki/French_constitutional_law_of_23_July_2008" title="French constitutional law of 23 July 2008">French constitutional law of 23 July 2008</a> – <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbel_Fauvet_Rail" class="extiw" title="fr:Arbel Fauvet Rail">fr:Arbel Fauvet Rail</a> to <a href="/wiki/Arbel_Fauvet_Rail" title="Arbel Fauvet Rail">Arbel Fauvet Rail</a> – <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merir" class="extiw" title="fr:Merir">fr:Merir</a> to <a href="/wiki/Merir" title="Merir">Merir</a> – <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Translation/*/Lang/fr" title="Wikipedia:Translation/*/Lang/fr">more</a>...</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">Stubs</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Category:France_stubs" title="Category:France stubs">Category:France stubs</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Category" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Category">Category sorting</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Category:French_writers" title="Category:French writers">Category:French writers</a> – <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_France" title="Category:History of France">Category:History of France</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">Verify</a></b> or <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:AD" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:AD">Factual Accuracy</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Gui_de_Ceriz" title="Gui de Ceriz">Gui de Ceriz</a> – <a href="/wiki/Rennes-le-Ch%C3%A2teau" title="Rennes-le-Château">Rennes-le-Château</a> – <a href="/wiki/Simone_Weil" title="Simone Weil">Simone Weil</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:As_of" title="Wikipedia:As of">Update</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Bischwiller" title="Bischwiller">Bischwiller</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">NPOV</a></b> : <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_France#Middle_East" title="Foreign relations of France">Foreign relations of France (Middle East section)</a> – <a href="/wiki/Torture_during_the_Algerian_War" title="Torture during the Algerian War">Torture during the Algerian War</a> – <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_Mitterrand" title="François Mitterrand">François Mitterrand</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jean-Marie_Le_Pen" title="Jean-Marie Le Pen">Jean-Marie_Le_Pen</a> – <a href="/wiki/John_Calvin" title="John Calvin">John Calvin</a> – <a href="/wiki/Marie_Antoinette" title="Marie Antoinette">Marie Antoinette</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikify" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikify">Wikify</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Dida_Diafat" title="Dida Diafat">Dida Diafat</a> – <a href="/wiki/French_architecture" title="French architecture">French architecture</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:CITE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:CITE">Citations</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Vichy_France#The_fall_of_France_and_the_establishment_of_the_Vichy_Regime" title="Vichy France">Vichy France (section)</a> – <a href="/wiki/Falaise_pocket" title="Falaise pocket">Falaise pocket</a> – <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Gaulle" title="Charles de Gaulle">Charles de Gaulle</a> – <a href="/wiki/Vaux-le-Vicomte" title="Vaux-le-Vicomte">Vaux-le-Vicomte</a> – <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_France" title="Economy of France">Economy of France</a> – <a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Purchase" title="Louisiana Purchase">Louisiana Purchase</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Merging" title="Wikipedia:Merging">Merge</a></b>: – <a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Family_Compact" class="mw-redirect" title="Bourbon Family Compact">Bourbon Family Compact</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:How_to_copy-edit" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:How to copy-edit">Copyedit</a></b>, <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_writing_better_articles" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Guide to writing better articles">Style</a></b> or <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">Cleanup</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Antoine_de_la_Sale" title="Antoine de la Sale">Antoine de la Sale</a> – <a href="/wiki/Albert_Camus" title="Albert Camus">Albert Camus</a> – <a href="/wiki/Breton_language" title="Breton language">Breton language</a> – <a href="/wiki/Claude_Debussy" title="Claude Debussy">Claude Debussy</a> – <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a> – <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French language</a> – <a href="/wiki/Jean-Paul_Sartre" title="Jean-Paul Sartre">Jean-Paul Sartre</a> – <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_III_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon III of France">Napoleon III of France</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Sarkozy" title="Nicolas Sarkozy">Nicolas Sarkozy</a> – <a href="/wiki/Picardy" title="Picardy">Picardy</a> – <a href="/wiki/Rennes" title="Rennes">Rennes</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Bernhardt" title="Sarah Bernhardt">Sarah Bernhardt</a> – <a href="/wiki/Toulouse" title="Toulouse">Toulouse</a> – <a href="/wiki/Girondist" class="mw-redirect" title="Girondist">Girondist</a> – <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV" title="Louis XIV">Louis XIV</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Requests_for_expansion" title="Wikipedia:Requests for expansion">Expand</a></b>: <a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_the_Rights_of_Man_and_of_the_Citizen" title="Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen">Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen</a> – <a href="/wiki/Vaux-le-Vicomte" title="Vaux-le-Vicomte">Vaux-le-Vicomte</a> – <a href="/wiki/Basque_language" title="Basque language">Basque language</a> – <a href="/wiki/Being_and_Nothingness" title="Being and Nothingness">Being and Nothingness</a></li> <li><b>France-related Wikiprojects</b>: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_France" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject France">Wikipedia:WikiProject France</a></li></ul> </ul> <div align="right"><small><span class="plainlinksneverexpand"><a href="/w/index.php?title=France_tasks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="France tasks (page does not exist)">view</a> • <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:France_tasks&action=edit">edit</a> • <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_France" title="Wikipedia talk:WikiProject France">discuss</a> • <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:France_tasks&action=history">history</a> • <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:France_tasks&action=watch">watch</a></span></small></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> </div> <div class="portal-column-left"> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:white;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #ef4135;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#0055a4;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:white;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/?action=edit"><span style="color:white">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="French_Wikipedia" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:white;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">French Wikipedia</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #ef4135;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:white;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <table style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; background: none; border: none;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 70px;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikipedia-logo-v2-fr.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Wikipedia-logo-v2-fr.svg/90px-Wikipedia-logo-v2-fr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Wikipedia-logo-v2-fr.svg/135px-Wikipedia-logo-v2-fr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Wikipedia-logo-v2-fr.svg/180px-Wikipedia-logo-v2-fr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="135" data-file-height="155" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </td> <td style="text-align: center;">There is a <i><b><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Main_Page" class="extiw" title="fr:Main Page">French version</a></b></i> of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a>, the free encyclopedia. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> </div> <div class="portal-column-right"> <div class="box-header-title-container flex-columns-noflex" style="clear:both;color:white;margin-bottom:0px;border:solid #ef4135;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center;font-size:100%;background:#0055a4;font-family:sans-serif;padding:.1em;border-width:1px 1px 0;padding-top:.1em;padding-left:.1em;padding-right:.1em;padding-bottom:.1em;moz-border-radius:0;webkit-border-radius:0;border-radius:0"><div class="plainlinks noprint" style="float:right;margin-bottom:.1em;color:white;font-size:80%"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Portal%3AFrance%2FWikiproject&action=edit"><span style="color:white">edit</span></a> </div><h2 id="Wikiproject" style="font-weight:bold;padding:0;margin:0;color:white;font-family:sans-serif;border:none;font-size:100%;padding-bottom:.1em">Wikiproject</h2></div><div style="color:black;opacity:1;border:1px solid #ef4135;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:left;padding:1em;background:white;margin:0 0 10px;vertical-align:top;border-top-width:1px;padding-top:.3em;border-radius:0"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output 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tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=France&#124;link=France_WikiProject_France185" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Portal:France/WikiProject" title="Portal:France/WikiProject"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Portal_talk:France/WikiProject" title="Portal talk:France/WikiProject"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Portal:France/WikiProject" title="Special:EditPage/Portal:France/WikiProject"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=France&#124;link=France_WikiProject_France185" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/France" title="France"><img alt="France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/60px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_France" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject France">WikiProject France</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Project pages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_France/Members" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject France/Members">Members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:WikiProject_France" title="Category:WikiProject France">Project category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Departments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_France/Assessment" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject France/Assessment">Assessment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style_(France_%26_French-related)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style (France & French-related)">Manual of Style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_France/Outreach" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject France/Outreach">Outreach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_France/Peer_review" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject France/Peer review">Peer reviews</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Announcements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_France/Article_requests" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject France/Article requests">Article requests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:France_articles_needing_attention" title="Category:France articles needing attention">Attention needed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_France/New_article_announcements" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject France/New article announcements">New articles / stubs / DYK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Deletion_sorting/France" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Deletion sorting/France">Articles up for deletion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> </div> <div style="clear:both;"></div> <div style="display:block;border:1px solid #ef4135;vertical-align: top; background-color:#ffffff;margin-bottom:10px;padding-bottom:5px;padding-left:5px;padding-right:4px;"> <h2 id="Associated_Wikimedia" style="padding:3px; background:#0055a4; color:#ffffff; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; font-size:100%; margin-bottom:5px;margin-top:0;margin-left:-5px;margin-right:-4px;">Associated Wikimedia</h2> <div style="text-align: center;"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239335380">.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li{display:inline-block}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li span{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li>div{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;padding:6px 4px}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li>div:first-child{text-align:center}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-dark,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-light{display:none}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-dark{display:inline}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-dark{display:inline}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sister-projects-wikt-icon-light{display:none}}@media(min-width:360px){.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li{width:33%;min-width:20em;white-space:nowrap;flex:1 0 25%}.mw-parser-output #sister-projects-list li>div:first-child{min-width:50px}}</style> <p>The following <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Foundation" title="Wikimedia Foundation">Wikimedia Foundation</a> sister projects provide more on this subject: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul id="sister-projects-list"> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Category:France"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/120px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Category:France" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/Category:France">Commons</a></span><br />Free media repository</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/France"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/35px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/53px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/70px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/France" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Special:Search/France">Wikibooks</a></span><br />Free textbooks and manuals</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:Search/France"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/47px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="47" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/71px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/94px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </div> <div><span><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:Search/France" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Special:Search/France">Wikidata</a></span><br />Free knowledge base</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/France"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/51px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="51" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/77px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/102px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Special:Search/France" class="extiw" title="wikinews:Special:Search/France">Wikinews</a></span><br />Free-content news</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/France"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/53px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/70px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/France" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:Special:Search/France">Wikiquote</a></span><br />Collection of quotations</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/France"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/40px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/60px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/120px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/France" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Special:Search/France">Wikisource</a></span><br />Free-content library</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/France"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="41" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/62px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/82px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/France" class="extiw" title="wikiversity:Special:Search/France">Wikiversity</a></span><br />Free learning tools</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Special:Search/France"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/120px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Special:Search/France" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Special:Search/France">Wikivoyage</a></span><br />Free travel guide</div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/France"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/120px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> </div> <div><span><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/France" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/France">Wiktionary</a></span><br />Dictionary and thesaurus</div> </li> </ul> </div> <h2 id="More_portals" style="padding:3px; background:#0055a4; color:#ffffff; text-align:center; font-weight:bold; font-size:100%; margin-bottom:5px;margin-top:0;margin-left:-5px;margin-right:-4px;">More portals</h2> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239335380" /> <div class="smallcaps" style="font-variant:small-caps;"><div class="center"><b>Discover Wikipedia using <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Portal" title="Wikipedia:Portal">portals</a></b></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409" /><div class="plainlist"> <ul id="sister-projects-list"> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg/40px-Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg/60px-Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg/120px-Lorentzian_Wormhole.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">List of all portals</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png/40px-Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png/60px-Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png/120px-Nuvola_apps_package_graphics.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:The_arts" title="Portal:The arts">The arts portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/35px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/53px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/70px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/35px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/53px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg/70px-Ambox_current_red_Americas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Portal:Current events">Current events portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="globe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/35px-Terra.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/53px-Terra.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Terra.png/70px-Terra.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Geography" title="Portal:Geography">Geography portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/35px-P_history.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/53px-P_history.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/70px-P_history.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:History" title="Portal:History">History portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="square root of x" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg/35px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg/53px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg/70px-Nuvola_apps_edu_mathematics_blue-p.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Mathematics" title="Portal:Mathematics">Mathematics portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg/40px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg/60px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg/120px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Science" title="Portal:Science">Science portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Social_sciences.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/40px-Social_sciences.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/60px-Social_sciences.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Social_sciences.svg/120px-Social_sciences.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="139" data-file-height="122" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Society" title="Portal:Society">Society portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Noun-technology.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Noun-technology.svg/35px-Noun-technology.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Noun-technology.svg/53px-Noun-technology.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Noun-technology.svg/70px-Noun-technology.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="90" data-file-height="88" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Technology" title="Portal:Technology">Technology portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Random_font_awesome.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Random_font_awesome.svg/35px-Random_font_awesome.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Random_font_awesome.svg/53px-Random_font_awesome.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Random_font_awesome.svg/70px-Random_font_awesome.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Special:RandomInCategory/All_portals" title="Special:RandomInCategory/All portals">Random portal</a></span></div> </li> <li> <div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/35px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/53px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/70px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div><span><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Portals" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Portals">WikiProject Portals</a></span></div> </li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"> </li> </ul> </div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></div> <p><b>Parent portals</b>: <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Europe" title="Portal:Europe">Europe</a></b> | <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:European_Union" title="Portal:European Union">European Union</a></b> </p> </div> <div style="text-align:center;margin:0.25em 0 0.75em 0"><small><span class="noprint plainlinks purgelink"><a class="external 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