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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Infections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Infections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Infections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reactive_airway_disease" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reactive_airway_disease"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Reactive airway disease</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reactive_airway_disease-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gastroesophageal_reflux" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gastroesophageal_reflux"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Gastroesophageal reflux</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gastroesophageal_reflux-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air_pollution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air_pollution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Air pollution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air_pollution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_body" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_body"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Foreign body</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_body-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Drug-induced_cough" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Drug-induced_cough"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Drug-induced cough</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Drug-induced_cough-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tic_cough" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tic_cough"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Tic cough</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tic_cough-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Neurogenic_cough" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Neurogenic_cough"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Neurogenic cough</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Neurogenic_cough-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>Other</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Airway_clearance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Airway_clearance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10</span> <span>Airway clearance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Airway_clearance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pathophysiology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pathophysiology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Pathophysiology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pathophysiology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diagnostic_approach" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diagnostic_approach"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Diagnostic approach</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Diagnostic_approach-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Diagnostic approach subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Diagnostic_approach-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Classification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Classification</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Classification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Treatment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Treatment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Treatment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Treatment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Traditional_medicine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Traditional_medicine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Traditional medicine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Traditional_medicine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Epidemiology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Epidemiology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Epidemiology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Epidemiology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_animals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_animals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Other animals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_animals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cough</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 111 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-111" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">111 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B9%D8%A7%D9%84" title="سعال – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سعال" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tos" title="Tos – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Tos" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tusi" title="Tusi – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Tusi" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tos" title="Tos – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Tos" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%27aja" title="K'aja – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="K'aja" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%BF" title="কাশি – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কাশি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Кашаль – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кашаль" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Кашаль – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Кашаль" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abo" title="Abo – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Abo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Кашлица – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кашлица" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%C5%A1alj" title="Kašalj – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kašalj" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ханяадан – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Ханяадан" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tos" title="Tos – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tos" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%B2%D1%81%D0%BB%C4%95%D0%BA" title="Ӳслĕк – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ӳслĕк" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%C5%A1el" title="Kašel – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kašel" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peswch" title="Peswch – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Peswch" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoste" title="Hoste – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Hoste" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%AD%D8%A9" title="كحة – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="كحة" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Husten" title="Husten – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Husten" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%86%DE%AC%DE%87%DE%B0%DE%90%DE%AA%DE%82%DE%B0" title="ކެއްސުން – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ކެއްސުން" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6ha" title="Köha – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Köha" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%AE%CF%87%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Βήχας – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βήχας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tos" title="Tos – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tos" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuso" title="Tuso – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tuso" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eztul" title="Eztul – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Eztul" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%B1%D9%81%D9%87" title="سرفه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سرفه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toux" title="Toux – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Toux" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sohaango" title="Sohaango – Fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Sohaango" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fula" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fulfulde</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casacht" title="Casacht – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Casacht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tose" title="Tose – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Tose" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EC%B9%A8" title="기침 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="기침" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tari" title="Tari – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Tari" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%A6" title="Հազ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հազ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%80" title="खाँसी – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="खाँसी" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%C5%A1alj" title="Kašalj – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kašalj" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuso" title="Tuso – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Tuso" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batuk" title="Batuk – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Batuk" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tusse" title="Tusse – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Tusse" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B3sti" title="Hósti – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Hósti" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tosse" title="Tosse – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tosse" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%95%D7%9C" title="שיעול – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שיעול" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watuk" title="Watuk – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Watuk" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%81" title="ಕೆಮ್ಮು – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕೆಮ್ಮು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AE%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%90" title="ხველა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ხველა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kikohozi" title="Kikohozi – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kikohozi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Touse" title="Touse – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Touse" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D3%A9%D1%82%D3%A9%D0%BB" title="Жөтөл – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Жөтөл" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tussis" title="Tussis – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Tussis" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klepus" title="Klepus – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Klepus" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kosulys" title="Kosulys – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kosulys" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B3s%C3%BAk%C3%B3s%C3%BA" title="Kósúkósú – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Kósúkósú" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6h%C3%B6g%C3%A9s" title="Köhögés – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Köhögés" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Кашлица – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кашлица" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%AE" title="ചുമ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ചുമ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="खोकला – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="खोकला" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%AD%D9%87" title="كحه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كحه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4" title="کالش – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="کالش" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batuk" title="Batuk – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Batuk" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A1u" title="Sáu – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Sáu" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Ханиад – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Ханиад" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%86%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%BC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8" title="ချောင်းဆိုးခြင်း – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ချောင်းဆိုးခြင်း" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoest" title="Hoest – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Hoest" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%96%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%80" title="खोकी – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="खोकी" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%92%B3%E5%97%BD" title="咳嗽 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="咳嗽" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoste" title="Hoste – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Hoste" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoste" title="Hoste – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Hoste" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%95%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B6" title="କାଶ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="କାଶ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yo%CA%BBtal" title="Yoʻtal – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Yoʻtal" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%98" title="ਖੰਘ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਖੰਘ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DA%BE%D9%86%DA%AF" title="کھنگ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کھنگ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%9F%E1%80%B1%E1%80%91%E1%80%AC%EA%A9%BB%E1%80%9B%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%82%8F%E1%80%82%E1%80%AB%E1%82%8F" title="တဟေထာꩻရောႏဂါႏ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="တဟေထာꩻရောႏဂါႏ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaszel" title="Kaszel – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kaszel" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tosse" title="Tosse – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tosse" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuse" title="Tuse – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Tuse" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uhu" title="Uhu – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Uhu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Кашель – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кашель" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/baha" title="baha – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="baha" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%83" title="कफः – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="कफः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A0%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%A9%E1%B1%9C" title="ᱠᱷᱩᱜ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱠᱷᱩᱜ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tussi" title="Tussi – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Tussi" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%90%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%83" title="කැස්ස – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="කැස්ස" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cough" title="Cough – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Cough" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%C5%A1e%C4%BE" title="Kašeľ – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kašeľ" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%C5%A1elj" title="Kašelj – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kašelj" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%86%D8%AE%DB%95" title="کۆخە – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="کۆخە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%99" title="Кашаљ – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кашаљ" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%C5%A1alj" title="Kašalj – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kašalj" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batuk" title="Batuk – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Batuk" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ysk%C3%A4" title="Yskä – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Yskä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hosta" title="Hosta – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Hosta" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubo" title="Ubo – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ubo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="இருமல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இருமல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tusut" title="Tusut – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tusut" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AE%D1%82%D3%99%D0%BB" title="Ютәл – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Ютәл" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%81" title="దగ్గు – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="దగ్గు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AD_(%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3)" title="ไอ (อาการ) – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไอ (อาการ)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%94%C9%94%C9%94l" title="Ɣɔɔl – Dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Ɣɔɔl" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="Dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Thuɔŋjäŋ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AE" title="ತೆಮ್ಮ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ತೆಮ್ಮ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96ks%C3%BCr%C3%BCk" title="Öksürük – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Öksürük" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Кашель – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кашель" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DA%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="کھانسی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کھانسی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ae" title="Ae – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Ae" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" 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reflex to clear irritants</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Medical condition</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox ib-medical-condition"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:#ccc">Cough</th></tr><tr style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Coughing_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Coughing_icon.svg/220px-Coughing_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Coughing_icon.svg/330px-Coughing_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Coughing_icon.svg/440px-Coughing_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="557" data-file-height="557" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Depiction of cough</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Pronunciation</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/0\/09\/En-us-cough.ogg\/En-us-cough.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","label":{"html":"pronunciation"},"data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"En-us-cough.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/09/En-us-cough.ogg/En-us-cough.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label">pronunciation</span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:En-us-cough.ogg" title="File:En-us-cough.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></li><li><a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>: <b>tussis</b></li></ul></div> </li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Medical_specialty" title="Medical specialty">Specialty</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Infectious_diseases_(medical_specialty)" title="Infectious diseases (medical specialty)">Infectious diseases</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Husten-abf-.ogg" title="File:Husten-abf-.ogg">Coughing</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="5" data-mwtitle="Husten-abf-.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0b/Husten-abf-.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0b/Husten-abf-.ogg/Husten-abf-.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AHusten-abf-.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">The sound of a person coughing.</div></div></div></div> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"><hr /><i class="selfreference">Problems playing this file? See <a href="/wiki/Help:Media" title="Help:Media">media help</a>.</i></div> </div> <p>A <b>cough</b> is a sudden expulsion of air through the large breathing passages which can help clear them of fluids, irritants, foreign particles and <a href="/wiki/Microorganism" title="Microorganism">microbes</a>. As a protective <a href="/wiki/Reflex" title="Reflex">reflex</a>, coughing can be repetitive with the <a href="/wiki/Cough_reflex" title="Cough reflex">cough reflex</a> following three phases: an <a href="/wiki/Inhalation" title="Inhalation">inhalation</a>, a forced <a href="/wiki/Exhalation" title="Exhalation">exhalation</a> against a closed <a href="/wiki/Glottis" title="Glottis">glottis</a>, and a violent release of air from the lungs following opening of the glottis, usually accompanied by a distinctive sound.<sup id="cite_ref-Lancet-causes_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lancet-causes-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Frequent coughing usually indicates the presence of a disease. Many <a href="/wiki/Virus" title="Virus">viruses</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bacteria" title="Bacteria">bacteria</a> benefit, from an evolutionary perspective, by causing the <a href="/wiki/Host_(biology)" title="Host (biology)">host</a> to cough, which helps to spread the disease to new hosts. Irregular coughing is usually caused by a <a href="/wiki/Respiratory_tract_infection" title="Respiratory tract infection">respiratory tract infection</a> but can also be triggered by <a href="/wiki/Choking" title="Choking">choking</a>, <a href="/wiki/Smoking" title="Smoking">smoking</a>, <a href="/wiki/Air_pollution" title="Air pollution">air pollution</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Lancet-causes_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lancet-causes-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Asthma" title="Asthma">asthma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gastroesophageal_reflux_disease" title="Gastroesophageal reflux disease">gastroesophageal reflux disease</a>, <a href="/wiki/Post-nasal_drip" title="Post-nasal drip">post-nasal drip</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bronchitis#Chronic_bronchitis" title="Bronchitis">chronic bronchitis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lung_tumors" class="mw-redirect" title="Lung tumors">lung tumors</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heart_failure" title="Heart failure">heart failure</a> and medications such as <a href="/wiki/ACE_inhibitors" class="mw-redirect" title="ACE inhibitors">angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Beta_blocker" title="Beta blocker">beta blockers</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Treatment should target the cause; for example, <a href="/wiki/Smoking_cessation" title="Smoking cessation">smoking cessation</a> or discontinuing ACE inhibitors. <a href="/wiki/Cough_suppressant" class="mw-redirect" title="Cough suppressant">Cough suppressants</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Codeine" title="Codeine">codeine</a> or <a href="/wiki/Dextromethorphan" title="Dextromethorphan">dextromethorphan</a> are frequently prescribed, but have been demonstrated to have little effect.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Other treatment options may target airway <a href="/wiki/Inflammation" title="Inflammation">inflammation</a> or may <a href="/wiki/Mucoactive_agent" title="Mucoactive agent">promote mucus expectoration</a>. As it is a natural protective reflex, suppressing the cough reflex might have damaging effects, especially if the cough is productive (producing <a href="/wiki/Phlegm" title="Phlegm">phlegm</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-pmid18424326_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid18424326-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Presentation">Presentation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cough&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Presentation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Qualitative-Real-Time-Schlieren-and-Shadowgraph-Imaging-of-Human-Exhaled-Airflows-An-Aid-to-Aerosol-pone.0021392.s001.ogv/310px-seek%3D12-Qualitative-Real-Time-Schlieren-and-Shadowgraph-Imaging-of-Human-Exhaled-Airflows-An-Aid-to-Aerosol-pone.0021392.s001.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="310" height="233" data-durationhint="69" data-mwtitle="Qualitative-Real-Time-Schlieren-and-Shadowgraph-Imaging-of-Human-Exhaled-Airflows-An-Aid-to-Aerosol-pone.0021392.s001.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Qualitative-Real-Time-Schlieren-and-Shadowgraph-Imaging-of-Human-Exhaled-Airflows-An-Aid-to-Aerosol-pone.0021392.s001.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b0/Qualitative-Real-Time-Schlieren-and-Shadowgraph-Imaging-of-Human-Exhaled-Airflows-An-Aid-to-Aerosol-pone.0021392.s001.ogv/Qualitative-Real-Time-Schlieren-and-Shadowgraph-Imaging-of-Human-Exhaled-Airflows-An-Aid-to-Aerosol-pone.0021392.s001.ogv.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b0/Qualitative-Real-Time-Schlieren-and-Shadowgraph-Imaging-of-Human-Exhaled-Airflows-An-Aid-to-Aerosol-pone.0021392.s001.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="640" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b0/Qualitative-Real-Time-Schlieren-and-Shadowgraph-Imaging-of-Human-Exhaled-Airflows-An-Aid-to-Aerosol-pone.0021392.s001.ogv/Qualitative-Real-Time-Schlieren-and-Shadowgraph-Imaging-of-Human-Exhaled-Airflows-An-Aid-to-Aerosol-pone.0021392.s001.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b0/Qualitative-Real-Time-Schlieren-and-Shadowgraph-Imaging-of-Human-Exhaled-Airflows-An-Aid-to-Aerosol-pone.0021392.s001.ogv/Qualitative-Real-Time-Schlieren-and-Shadowgraph-Imaging-of-Human-Exhaled-Airflows-An-Aid-to-Aerosol-pone.0021392.s001.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b0/Qualitative-Real-Time-Schlieren-and-Shadowgraph-Imaging-of-Human-Exhaled-Airflows-An-Aid-to-Aerosol-pone.0021392.s001.ogv/Qualitative-Real-Time-Schlieren-and-Shadowgraph-Imaging-of-Human-Exhaled-Airflows-An-Aid-to-Aerosol-pone.0021392.s001.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Shadowgraph" title="Shadowgraph">Shadowgraph</a> videos of the outer airflow during a cough, comparing unmasked coughing with several methods of covering one's mouth and nose: coughing into a fist, a cupped hand, a tissue, a "coughcatcher" device, a <a href="/wiki/Surgical_mask" title="Surgical mask">surgical mask</a>, and an <a href="/wiki/N95_mask" class="mw-redirect" title="N95 mask">N95 mask</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Complications">Complications</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cough&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Complications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The complications of coughing can be classified as either <a href="/wiki/Acute_(medicine)" title="Acute (medicine)">acute</a> or <a href="/wiki/Chronic_(medical)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chronic (medical)">chronic</a>. Acute complications include cough syncope (<a href="/wiki/Fainting" class="mw-redirect" title="Fainting">fainting</a> spells due to decreased blood flow to the brain when coughs are prolonged and forceful), <a href="/wiki/Insomnia" title="Insomnia">insomnia</a>, cough-induced <a href="/wiki/Vomiting" title="Vomiting">vomiting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Subconjunctival_hemorrhage" class="mw-redirect" title="Subconjunctival hemorrhage">subconjunctival hemorrhage</a> or "<a href="/wiki/Red_eye_(medicine)" title="Red eye (medicine)">red eye</a>", coughing <a href="/wiki/Defecation" title="Defecation">defecation</a> and in women with a <a href="/wiki/Prolapse" title="Prolapse">prolapsed</a> <a href="/wiki/Uterus" title="Uterus">uterus</a>, cough <a href="/wiki/Urination" title="Urination">urination</a>. Chronic complications are common and include abdominal or pelvic <a href="/wiki/Hernia" title="Hernia">hernias</a>, fatigue <a href="/wiki/Fracture" title="Fracture">fractures</a> of lower ribs and <a href="/wiki/Costochondritis" title="Costochondritis">costochondritis</a>. Chronic or violent coughing can contribute to damage to the pelvic floor and a possible <a href="/wiki/Cystocele" title="Cystocele">cystocele</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Differential_diagnosis">Differential diagnosis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cough&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Differential diagnosis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A cough in children may be either a normal physiological reflex or due to an underlying cause.<sup id="cite_ref-Review10_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Review10-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In healthy children it may be normal in the absence of any disease to cough ten times a day.<sup id="cite_ref-Review10_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Review10-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The most common cause of an acute or subacute cough is a viral <a href="/wiki/Respiratory_tract_infection" title="Respiratory tract infection">respiratory tract infection</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Review10_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Review10-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A healthy adult also coughs 18.8 times a day on average, but in the population with respiratory disease the geometric mean frequency is 275 times a day.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In adults with a chronic cough, i.e. a cough longer than 8 weeks, more than 90% of cases are due to <a href="/wiki/Post-nasal_drip" title="Post-nasal drip">post-nasal drip</a>, <a href="/wiki/Asthma" title="Asthma">asthma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eosinophilic_bronchitis" title="Eosinophilic bronchitis">eosinophilic bronchitis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Gastroesophageal_reflux_disease" title="Gastroesophageal reflux disease">gastroesophageal reflux disease</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Review10_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Review10-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The causes of chronic cough are similar in children with the addition of <a href="/wiki/Bronchitis" title="Bronchitis">bacterial bronchitis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Review10_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Review10-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Infections">Infections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cough&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Infections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A cough can be the result of a <a href="/wiki/Respiratory_tract_infections" class="mw-redirect" title="Respiratory tract infections">respiratory tract infection</a> such as the <a href="/wiki/Common_cold" title="Common cold">common cold</a>, <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a>, <a href="/wiki/Acute_bronchitis" title="Acute bronchitis">acute bronchitis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pneumonia" title="Pneumonia">pneumonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pertussis" class="mw-redirect" title="Pertussis">pertussis</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a>. In the vast majority of cases, acute coughs, i.e. coughs shorter than 3 weeks, are due to the common cold.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid20015366_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid20015366-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In people with a normal chest X-ray, tuberculosis is a rare finding. Pertussis is increasingly being recognised as a cause of troublesome coughing in adults. </p><p>After a respiratory tract infection has cleared, the person may be left with a <a href="/wiki/Post-viral_cough" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-viral cough">postinfectious cough</a>. This typically is a dry, non-productive cough that produces no <a href="/wiki/Phlegm" title="Phlegm">phlegm</a>. Symptoms may include a tightness in the chest, and a tickle in the throat. This cough may often persist for weeks after an illness. The cause of the cough may be inflammation similar to that observed in repetitive stress disorders such as <a href="/wiki/Carpal_tunnel_syndrome" title="Carpal tunnel syndrome">carpal tunnel syndrome</a>. The repetition of coughing produces inflammation which produces discomfort, which in turn produces more coughing.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid16428703_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid16428703-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Postinfectious cough typically does not respond to conventional cough treatments. Medication used for postinfectious coughs may include <a href="/wiki/Ipratropium" class="mw-redirect" title="Ipratropium">ipratropium</a><sup id="cite_ref-pmid16428703_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid16428703-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to treat the inflammation, as well as cough suppressants to reduce frequency of the cough until inflammation clears.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Inflammation may increase sensitivity to other existing issues such as <a href="/wiki/Allergies" class="mw-redirect" title="Allergies">allergies</a>, and treatment of other causes of coughs (such as use of an air purifier or allergy medicines) may help speed recovery.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reactive_airway_disease">Reactive airway disease</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cough&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Reactive airway disease"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>When coughing is the only complaint of a person who meets the criteria for asthma (<a href="/wiki/Bronchial_hyperresponsiveness" title="Bronchial hyperresponsiveness">bronchial hyperresponsiveness</a> and reversibility), this is termed <a href="/wiki/Cough-variant_asthma" class="mw-redirect" title="Cough-variant asthma">cough-variant asthma</a>. Atopic cough and <a href="/wiki/Eosinophilic_bronchitis" title="Eosinophilic bronchitis">eosinophilic bronchitis</a> are related conditions. Atopic cough occurs in individuals with a <a href="/wiki/Family_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Family history">family history</a> of <a href="/wiki/Atopy" title="Atopy">atopy</a> (an allergic condition), abundant <a href="/wiki/Eosinophils" class="mw-redirect" title="Eosinophils">eosinophils</a> in the sputum, but with normal airway function and responsiveness. Eosinophilic bronchitis is characterized by <a href="/wiki/Eosinophils" class="mw-redirect" title="Eosinophils">eosinophils</a> in sputum and in <a href="/wiki/Bronchoalveolar_lavage" title="Bronchoalveolar lavage">bronchoalveolar lavage</a> fluid without airway hyperresponsiveness or an atopic background.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This condition responds to treatment with <a href="/wiki/Corticosteroids" class="mw-redirect" title="Corticosteroids">corticosteroids</a>. Cough can also worsen in an <a href="/wiki/Acute_exacerbation_of_chronic_obstructive_pulmonary_disease" title="Acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease">acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease</a>. </p><p>Asthma is a common cause of chronic cough in adults and children. Coughing may be the only symptom the person has from their asthma, or asthma symptoms may also include wheezing, shortness of breath, and a tight feeling in their chest. Depending on how severe the asthma is, it can be treated with bronchodilators (medicine which causes the airways to open up) or inhaled steroids. Treatment of the asthma should make the cough go away. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bronchitis#Chronic_bronchitis" title="Bronchitis">Chronic bronchitis</a> is defined clinically as a persistent cough that produces sputum (phlegm) and mucus, for at least three months in two consecutive years. Chronic bronchitis is often the cause of "<a href="/wiki/Smoker%27s_cough" class="mw-redirect" title="Smoker's cough">smoker's cough</a>". The tobacco smoke causes inflammation, secretion of mucus into the airway, and difficulty clearing that mucus out of the airways. Coughing helps clear those secretions out. May be treated by quitting smoking. May also be caused by <a href="/wiki/Pneumoconiosis" title="Pneumoconiosis">pneumoconiosis</a> and long-term fume inhalation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gastroesophageal_reflux">Gastroesophageal reflux</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cough&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Gastroesophageal reflux"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In people with unexplained cough, <a href="/wiki/Gastroesophageal_reflux_disease" title="Gastroesophageal reflux disease">gastroesophageal reflux disease</a> should be considered.<sup id="cite_ref-Review10_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Review10-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This occurs when acidic contents of the stomach come back up into the esophagus. Symptoms usually associated with <a href="/wiki/GERD" class="mw-redirect" title="GERD">GERD</a> include heartburn, sour taste in the mouth, or a feeling of acid reflux in the chest, although, more than half of the people with cough from GERD do not have any other symptoms. An esophageal pH monitor can confirm the diagnosis of GERD. Sometimes GERD can complicate respiratory ailments related to cough, such as asthma or bronchitis. The treatment involves anti-acid medications and lifestyle changes with surgery indicated in cases not manageable with conservative measures. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air_pollution">Air pollution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cough&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Air pollution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Coughing may be caused by <a href="/wiki/Air_pollution" title="Air pollution">air pollution</a> including <a href="/wiki/Tobacco_smoke" title="Tobacco smoke">tobacco smoke</a>, particulate matter, irritant gases, and dampness in a home.<sup id="cite_ref-Review10_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Review10-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The human health effects of poor air quality are far reaching, but principally affect the body's respiratory system and the cardiovascular system. Individual reactions to air pollutants depend on the type of pollutant a person is exposed to, the degree of exposure, the individual's health status and genetics. People who exercise outdoors on hot, smoggy days, for example, increase their exposure to pollutants in the air. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_body">Foreign body</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cough&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Foreign body"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Foreign_body" title="Foreign body">foreign body</a> can sometimes be suspected, for example if the cough started suddenly when the patient was eating. Rarely, sutures left behind inside the airway branches can cause coughing. A cough can be triggered by dryness from <a href="/wiki/Mouth_breathing" title="Mouth breathing">mouth breathing</a> or recurrent aspiration of food into the <a href="/wiki/Vertebrate_trachea" class="mw-redirect" title="Vertebrate trachea">windpipe</a> in people with <a href="/wiki/Dysphagia" title="Dysphagia">swallowing difficulties</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Drug-induced_cough">Drug-induced cough</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cough&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Drug-induced cough"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Drugs used for treatments other than coughs, such as <a href="/wiki/ACE_inhibitor" title="ACE inhibitor">ACE inhibitors</a> which are often used to treat <a href="/wiki/Hypertension" title="Hypertension">high blood pressure</a>, can sometimes cause cough as a side effect, and stopping their use will stop the cough.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid16428706_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid16428706-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Beta blockers similarly cause cough as an adverse event.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tic_cough">Tic cough</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cough&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Tic cough"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Tic_cough" class="mw-redirect" title="Tic cough">tic cough</a>, previously called a <i>habit cough</i>, is one that responds to behavioral or psychiatric therapy after organic causes have been excluded. Absence of the cough during sleep is common, but not diagnostic. A tic cough is thought to be more common in children than in adults.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid16428707_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid16428707-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="cleanup-needed-content" style="padding-left:0.1em; padding-right:0.1em; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d); border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle, #c8ccd1);">A similar disorder is the <a href="/wiki/Tic_cough" class="mw-redirect" title="Tic cough">somatic cough syndrome</a> previously called the <i>psychogenic cough</i>.</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="They linked article shows that these terms are used to called the same condition. (November 2024)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Neurogenic_cough">Neurogenic cough</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cough&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Neurogenic cough"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some cases of chronic cough may be attributed to a sensory neuropathic disorder.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid21524236_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid21524236-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Treatment for neurogenic cough may include the use of certain neuralgia medications. Coughing may occur in <a href="/wiki/Tic_disorder" title="Tic disorder">tic disorders</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Tourette_syndrome" title="Tourette syndrome">Tourette syndrome</a>, although it should be distinguished from throat-clearing in this disorder. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other">Other</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cough&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Other"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cough may also be caused by conditions affecting the lung tissue such as <a href="/wiki/Bronchiectasis" title="Bronchiectasis">bronchiectasis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cystic_fibrosis" title="Cystic fibrosis">cystic fibrosis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Interstitial_lung_disease" title="Interstitial lung disease">interstitial lung diseases</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sarcoidosis" title="Sarcoidosis">sarcoidosis</a>. Coughing can also be triggered by <a href="/wiki/Benign" class="mw-redirect" title="Benign">benign</a> or <a href="/wiki/Lung_cancer" title="Lung cancer">malignant lung tumors</a> or mediastinal masses. Through irritation of the nerve, diseases of the external auditory canal (wax, for example) can also cause cough. Cardiovascular diseases associated with cough are heart failure, pulmonary infarction and aortic aneurysm. Nocturnal cough is associated with heart failure, as the <a href="/wiki/Left_ventricle" class="mw-redirect" title="Left ventricle">left ventricle</a> doesn't effectively pump blood forward, resulting in blood being backed up in the <a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_veins" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulmonary veins">pulmonary veins</a>, which in turn causing <a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_edema" title="Pulmonary edema">pulmonary edema</a> and resultant cough.<sup id="cite_ref-Farzan_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Farzan-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other causes of nocturnal cough include <a href="/wiki/Asthma" title="Asthma">asthma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Post-nasal_drip" title="Post-nasal drip">post-nasal drip</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gastroesophageal_reflux_disease" title="Gastroesophageal reflux disease">gastroesophageal reflux disease</a> (GERD).<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another cause of cough occurring preferentially in <a href="/wiki/Supine_position" title="Supine position">supine position</a> is recurrent aspiration.<sup id="cite_ref-Farzan_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Farzan-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Given its irritant nature to mammal tissues, <a href="/wiki/Capsaicin" title="Capsaicin">capsaicin</a> is widely used to determine the cough threshold and as a tussive stimulant in clinical research of cough suppressants. Capsaicin is what makes <a href="/wiki/Chili_pepper" title="Chili pepper">chili peppers</a> spicy, and might explain why workers in factories with these fruits can develop a cough. </p><p>Coughing may also be used for social reasons, and as such is not always involuntary. A voluntary cough, often written as "ahem", can be used to attract attention or express displeasure, as a form of <a href="/wiki/Nonverbal" class="mw-redirect" title="Nonverbal">nonverbal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paralingual" class="mw-redirect" title="Paralingual">paralingual</a> <a href="/wiki/Metacommunication" class="mw-redirect" title="Metacommunication">metacommunication</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Airway_clearance">Airway clearance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cough&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Airway clearance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Airway_clearance_therapy" title="Airway clearance therapy">Airway clearance therapy</a></div> <p>Coughing, and <a href="/wiki/Airway_clearance_therapy" title="Airway clearance therapy">huffing</a> are important ways of removing mucus as <a href="/wiki/Sputum" title="Sputum">sputum</a> in many conditions such as <a href="/wiki/Cystic_fibrosis" title="Cystic fibrosis">cystic fibrosis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bronchitis#Chronic_bronchitis" title="Bronchitis">chronic bronchitis</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pathophysiology">Pathophysiology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cough&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Pathophysiology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CoughsAndSneezesSpreadDiseases.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/CoughsAndSneezesSpreadDiseases.jpg/220px-CoughsAndSneezesSpreadDiseases.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="241" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/CoughsAndSneezesSpreadDiseases.jpg/330px-CoughsAndSneezesSpreadDiseases.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/CoughsAndSneezesSpreadDiseases.jpg/440px-CoughsAndSneezesSpreadDiseases.jpg 2x" data-file-width="710" data-file-height="777" /></a><figcaption>Coughing is viewed as a public health issue.</figcaption></figure> <p>A cough is a protective <a href="/wiki/Reflex" title="Reflex">reflex</a> in healthy individuals which is influenced by <a href="/wiki/Psychological" class="mw-redirect" title="Psychological">psychological</a> factors.<sup id="cite_ref-Review10_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Review10-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cough reflex is initiated by stimulation of two different classes of <a href="/wiki/Afferent_nerve" class="mw-redirect" title="Afferent nerve">afferent nerves</a>, namely the <a href="/wiki/Myelin" title="Myelin">myelinated</a> rapidly adapting receptors, and nonmyelinated <a href="/wiki/Group_C_nerve_fiber" title="Group C nerve fiber">C-fibers</a> with endings in the <a href="/wiki/Lung" title="Lung">lung</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diagnostic_approach">Diagnostic approach</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cough&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Diagnostic approach"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The type of cough may help in the diagnosis. For instance, an inspiratory "whooping" sound on coughing almost doubles the likelihood that the illness is <a href="/wiki/Pertussis" class="mw-redirect" title="Pertussis">pertussis</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Hemoptysis" title="Hemoptysis">Blood</a> may occur in small amounts with severe cough of many causes, but larger amounts suggests <a href="/wiki/Bronchitis" title="Bronchitis">bronchitis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bronchiectasis" title="Bronchiectasis">bronchiectasis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tuberculosis" title="Tuberculosis">tuberculosis</a>, or primary <a href="/wiki/Lung_cancer" title="Lung cancer">lung cancer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Further <a href="/wiki/Diagnostic_workup" class="mw-redirect" title="Diagnostic workup">workup</a> may include labs, <a href="/wiki/X-rays" class="mw-redirect" title="X-rays">x-rays</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Spirometry" title="Spirometry">spirometry</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Review10_5-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Review10-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Classification">Classification</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cough&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Classification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A cough can be classified by its duration, character, quality, and timing.<sup id="cite_ref-Review10_5-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Review10-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The duration can be either <a href="/wiki/Acute_(medicine)" title="Acute (medicine)">acute</a> (of sudden onset) if it is present less than three weeks, <a href="/wiki/Subacute" class="mw-redirect" title="Subacute">subacute</a> if it is present between three or eight weeks, and <a href="/wiki/Chronic_(medicine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chronic (medicine)">chronic</a> when lasting longer than eight weeks.<sup id="cite_ref-Review10_5-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Review10-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A cough can be non-productive (dry) or productive (when <a href="/wiki/Phlegm" title="Phlegm">phlegm</a> is produced that may be coughed up as <a href="/wiki/Sputum" title="Sputum">sputum</a>). It may occur only at night (then called <i>nocturnal cough</i>), during both night and day, or just during the day.<sup id="cite_ref-Review10_5-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Review10-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A number of characteristic coughs exist. While these have not been found to be diagnostically useful in adults, they are of use in children.<sup id="cite_ref-Review10_5-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Review10-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A barky cough is part of the common presentation of <a href="/wiki/Croup" title="Croup">croup</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A staccato cough has been classically described with <a href="/wiki/Infant" title="Infant">neonatal</a> <a href="/wiki/Chlamydia" title="Chlamydia">chlamydial</a> <a href="/wiki/Pneumonia" title="Pneumonia">pneumonia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Treatment">Treatment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cough&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Treatment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Missing_information plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/44px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png" decoding="async" width="44" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/66px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/88px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="44" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>is missing information</b> about treatment in adults.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please expand the section to include this information. Further details may exist on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Cough" title="Talk:Cough">talk page</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">December 2018</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The treatment of a cough in children is based on the underlying cause. In children half of cases go away without treatment in 10 days and 90% in 25 days.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to the <a href="/wiki/American_Academy_of_Pediatrics" title="American Academy of Pediatrics">American Academy of Pediatrics</a> the use of <a href="/wiki/Cough_medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Cough medicine">cough medicine</a> to relieve cough symptoms is supported by little evidence and thus not recommended for treating cough symptoms in children.<sup id="cite_ref-Review10_5-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Review10-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is tentative evidence that the use of honey is better than no treatment or <a href="/wiki/Diphenhydramine" title="Diphenhydramine">diphenhydramine</a> in decreasing coughing.<sup id="cite_ref-honey_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-honey-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It does not alleviate coughing to the same extent as <a href="/wiki/Dextromethorphan" title="Dextromethorphan">dextromethorphan</a> but it shortens the cough duration better than placebo and <a href="/wiki/Salbutamol" title="Salbutamol">salbutamol</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-honey_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-honey-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A trial of <a href="/wiki/Antibiotics" class="mw-redirect" title="Antibiotics">antibiotics</a> or <a href="/wiki/Inhaled_corticosteroid" class="mw-redirect" title="Inhaled corticosteroid">inhaled corticosteroids</a> may be tried in children with a chronic cough in an attempt to treat <a href="/wiki/Protracted_bacterial_bronchitis" class="mw-redirect" title="Protracted bacterial bronchitis">protracted bacterial bronchitis</a> or <a href="/wiki/Asthma" title="Asthma">asthma</a> respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-Review10_5-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Review10-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is insufficient evidence to recommend treating children who have a cough that is not related to a specific condition with inhaled anti-cholinergics.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because coughing can spread disease through infectious aerosol droplets, it is recommended to cover one's mouth and nose with the forearm, the inside of the elbow, a tissue or a handkerchief while coughing.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Traditional_medicine">Traditional medicine</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cough&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Traditional medicine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One of the pharmaceutical dosage forms in <a href="/wiki/Traditional_medicine" title="Traditional medicine">traditional medicine</a> for treatment of coughs was <a href="/wiki/Linctus" class="mw-redirect" title="Linctus">linctus</a>. A linctus is a medicine in the form of a syrup, taken to relieve coughs and sore throats. The linctus is a syrup that helps relieve dry coughs.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Epidemiology">Epidemiology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cough&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Epidemiology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A cough is the most common reason for visiting a <a href="/wiki/Primary_care_physician" title="Primary care physician">primary care physician</a> in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-Review10_5-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Review10-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_animals">Other animals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cough&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Other animals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:20191124Wildfreigehege_Wolfsrat_10.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/20191124Wildfreigehege_Wolfsrat_10.jpg/220px-20191124Wildfreigehege_Wolfsrat_10.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/20191124Wildfreigehege_Wolfsrat_10.jpg/330px-20191124Wildfreigehege_Wolfsrat_10.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/20191124Wildfreigehege_Wolfsrat_10.jpg/440px-20191124Wildfreigehege_Wolfsrat_10.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6016" data-file-height="4016" /></a><figcaption>A coughing deer hind</figcaption></figure> <p>Marine mammals such as <a href="/wiki/Dolphins" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolphins">dolphins</a> and <a href="/wiki/Whales" class="mw-redirect" title="Whales">whales</a> cannot cough.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some <a href="/wiki/Invertebrates" class="mw-redirect" title="Invertebrates">invertebrates</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Insects" class="mw-redirect" title="Insects">insects</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spiders" class="mw-redirect" title="Spiders">spiders</a> cannot cough or sneeze. <a href="/wiki/Alligator" title="Alligator">Alligators</a> can cough.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Domestic animals and vertebrates such as <a href="/wiki/Dogs" class="mw-redirect" title="Dogs">dogs</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cats" class="mw-redirect" title="Cats">cats</a> can cough, because of diseases, allergies, dust or choking.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In particular, cats are known for coughing before spitting up a <a href="/wiki/Hairball" title="Hairball">hairball</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In other domestic animals, <a href="/wiki/Horses" class="mw-redirect" title="Horses">horses</a> can cough because of infections, or due to poor ventilation and dust in enclosed spaces.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Kennel_cough" title="Kennel cough">Kennel cough</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dog" title="Dog">dogs</a> can result from a viral or bacterial infection. </p><p>Deer can cough similarly to humans as a result of respiratory tract infections, such as parasitic bronchitis caused by a species of <i><a href="/wiki/Dictyocaulus" title="Dictyocaulus">Dictyocaulus</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-PyzielLaskowskiDemiaszkiewicz2017_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PyzielLaskowskiDemiaszkiewicz2017-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cough&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Lancet-causes-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lancet-causes_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lancet-causes_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFChungPavord2008" class="citation journal cs1">Chung KF, Pavord ID (April 2008). "Prevalence, pathogenesis, and causes of chronic cough". <i>Lancet</i>. <b>371</b> (9621): 1364–1374. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2808%2960595-4">10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60595-4</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18424325">18424325</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:7810980">7810980</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lancet&rft.atitle=Prevalence%2C+pathogenesis%2C+and+causes+of+chronic+cough&rft.volume=371&rft.issue=9621&rft.pages=1364-1374&rft.date=2008-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A7810980%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18424325&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2808%2960595-4&rft.aulast=Chung&rft.aufirst=KF&rft.au=Pavord%2C+ID&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACough" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuidelines2021" class="citation book cs1">Guidelines, Therapeutic (2021). <i>Cough</i>. Therapeutic Guidelines Ltd.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cough&rft.pub=Therapeutic+Guidelines+Ltd&rft.date=2021&rft.aulast=Guidelines&rft.aufirst=Therapeutic&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACough" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid18424326-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pmid18424326_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPavordChung2008" class="citation journal cs1">Pavord ID, Chung KF (April 2008). "Management of chronic cough". <i>Lancet</i>. <b>371</b> (9621): 1375–1384. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2808%2960596-6">10.1016/S0140-6736(08)60596-6</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18424326">18424326</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:30806409">30806409</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Lancet&rft.atitle=Management+of+chronic+cough&rft.volume=371&rft.issue=9621&rft.pages=1375-1384&rft.date=2008-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A30806409%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18424326&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2808%2960596-6&rft.aulast=Pavord&rft.aufirst=ID&rft.au=Chung%2C+KF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACough" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/urologic-diseases/bladder-control-problems-women/cystocele-prolapsed-bladder">"Cystocele (Prolapsed Bladder) | NIDDK"</a>. <i>National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2017-12-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Institute+of+Diabetes+and+Digestive+and+Kidney+Diseases&rft.atitle=Cystocele+%28Prolapsed+Bladder%29+%7C+NIDDK&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.niddk.nih.gov%2Fhealth-information%2Furologic-diseases%2Fbladder-control-problems-women%2Fcystocele-prolapsed-bladder&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACough" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Review10-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Review10_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Review10_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Review10_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Review10_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Review10_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Review10_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Review10_5-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Review10_5-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Review10_5-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Review10_5-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Review10_5-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Review10_5-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Review10_5-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Review10_5-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Review10_5-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Review10_5-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoldsobelChipps2010" class="citation journal cs1">Goldsobel AB, Chipps BE (March 2010). "Cough in the pediatric population". <i>J. 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(2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2802352">"Acute cough: a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge"</a>. <i>Cough</i>. <b>5</b>: 11. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2F1745-9974-5-11">10.1186/1745-9974-5-11</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2802352">2802352</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20015366">20015366</a>. <q>In the vast majority of cases, acute cough is due to acute viral upper respiratory tract 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2018-04-23</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Your+Horse+Magazine&rft.atitle=Coughing+in+horses+explained&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.yourhorse.co.uk%2Fadvice%2Fvet-advice%2Farticles%2F2016%2F9%2F5%2Fcoughing-explained&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACough" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PyzielLaskowskiDemiaszkiewicz2017-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PyzielLaskowskiDemiaszkiewicz2017_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPyzielLaskowskiDemiaszkiewiczHöglund2017" class="citation journal cs1">Pyziel, Anna M.; Laskowski, Zdzisław; Demiaszkiewicz, Aleksander W.; Höglund, Johan (2017). "Interrelationships of <i>Dictyocaulusspp</i>. In Wild Ruminants with Morphological Description of <i>Dictyocaulus</i> cervin. Sp. (Nematoda: Trichostrongyloidea) from Red Deer,Cervus elaphus". <i>Journal of Parasitology</i>. <b>103</b> (5): 506–518. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1645%2F16-75">10.1645/16-75</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28585897">28585897</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:25720548">25720548</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Parasitology&rft.atitle=Interrelationships+of+Dictyocaulusspp.+In+Wild+Ruminants+with+Morphological+Description+of+Dictyocaulus+cervin.+Sp.+%28Nematoda%3A+Trichostrongyloidea%29+from+Red+Deer%2CCervus+elaphus&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=506-518&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A25720548%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F28585897&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1645%2F16-75&rft.aulast=Pyziel&rft.aufirst=Anna+M.&rft.au=Laskowski%2C+Zdzis%C5%82aw&rft.au=Demiaszkiewicz%2C+Aleksander+W.&rft.au=H%C3%B6glund%2C+Johan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACough" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><i>As of <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cough&oldid=372649734">this edit</a>, this article uses content from </i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2802352/">"Acute cough: a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge"</a><i>, which is licensed in a way that permits reuse under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_3.0_Unported_License" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Text of Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License</a>, but not under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_GNU_Free_Documentation_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the GNU Free Documentation License">GFDL</a>. All relevant terms must be followed.</i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cough&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarroll2019" class="citation book cs1">Carroll, Thomas L., ed. (2019). <i>Chronic Cough</i>. Plural Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781635500707" title="Special:BookSources/9781635500707"><bdi>9781635500707</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/2018055141">2018055141</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chronic+Cough&rft.pub=Plural+Publishing&rft.date=2019&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F2018055141&rft.isbn=9781635500707&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACough" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cough&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span 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style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EAECF0;color:black;">Classification</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div style="position:relative; float:right; font-size:0.8em;"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35805" class="extiw" title="d:Q35805">D</a></div><div class="hlist" style="text-align:left;"><ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/International_Statistical_Classification_of_Diseases_and_Related_Health_Problems" class="mw-redirect" title="International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems">ICD</a>-<a href="/wiki/ICD-10" title="ICD-10">10</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icd.who.int/browse10/2019/en#/R05">R05</a></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/International_Statistical_Classification_of_Diseases_and_Related_Health_Problems" class="mw-redirect" title="International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems">ICD</a>-<a href="/wiki/List_of_ICD-9_codes" title="List of ICD-9 codes">9-CM</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icd9data.com/getICD9Code.ashx?icd9=786.2">786.2</a></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D003371">D003371</a></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/Diseases_Database" title="Diseases Database">DiseasesDB</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diseasesdatabase.com/ddb17149.htm">17149</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background: #EAECF0;color:black;">External resources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist" style="text-align:left;"><ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/MedlinePlus" title="MedlinePlus">MedlinePlus</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/article/003072.htm">003072</a></li><li><b><a href="/wiki/EMedicine" title="EMedicine">eMedicine</a></b>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://emedicine.medscape.com/ENT/1048560-overview">ENT/1048560</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>Cough</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Cough" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Cough">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Coughing" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Coughing">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, 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title="q:Special:Search/Cough">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Cough" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Cough">Texts</a> from Wikisource</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" 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style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Signs_and_symptoms" title="Signs and symptoms">Signs and symptoms</a> relating to the <a href="/wiki/Respiratory_system" title="Respiratory system">respiratory system</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Auscultation" title="Auscultation">Auscultation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stethoscope" title="Stethoscope">Stethoscope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Respiratory_sounds" title="Respiratory sounds">Respiratory sounds</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stridor" title="Stridor">Stridor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheeze" title="Wheeze">Wheeze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crackles" title="Crackles">Crackles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhonchi" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhonchi">Rhonchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stertor" title="Stertor">Stertor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squawk_(sound)" title="Squawk (sound)">Squawk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleural_friction_rub" title="Pleural friction rub">Pleural friction rub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fremitus" title="Fremitus">Fremitus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronchophony" title="Bronchophony">Bronchophony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_rattle" title="Death rattle">Death rattle</a></li></ul></li> <li>Elicited findings <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Percussion_(medicine)" title="Percussion (medicine)">Percussion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pectoriloquy" title="Pectoriloquy">Pectoriloquy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whispered_pectoriloquy" title="Whispered pectoriloquy">Whispered pectoriloquy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egophony" title="Egophony">Egophony</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Breathing" title="Breathing">Breathing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apnea" title="Apnea">Apnea</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apnea_of_prematurity" title="Apnea of prematurity">Prematurity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shortness_of_breath" title="Shortness of breath">Dyspnea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperventilation" title="Hyperventilation">Hyperventilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypoventilation" title="Hypoventilation">Hypoventilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperpnea" title="Hyperpnea">Hyperpnea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tachypnea" title="Tachypnea">Tachypnea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hypopnea" title="Hypopnea">Hypopnea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bradypnea" title="Bradypnea">Bradypnea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pattern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agonal_respiration" title="Agonal respiration">Agonal respiration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biot%27s_respiration" class="mw-redirect" title="Biot's respiration">Biot's respiration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheyne%E2%80%93Stokes_respiration" title="Cheyne–Stokes respiration">Cheyne–Stokes respiration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kussmaul_breathing" title="Kussmaul breathing">Kussmaul breathing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ataxic_respiration" title="Ataxic respiration">Ataxic respiration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Respiratory_distress" class="mw-redirect" title="Respiratory distress">Respiratory distress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Respiratory_arrest" title="Respiratory arrest">Respiratory arrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthopnea" title="Orthopnea">Orthopnea</a>/<a href="/wiki/Platypnea" title="Platypnea">Platypnea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trepopnea" title="Trepopnea">Trepopnea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aerophagia" title="Aerophagia">Aerophagia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asphyxia" title="Asphyxia">Asphyxia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breath-holding_spell" title="Breath-holding spell">Breath holding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mouth_breathing" title="Mouth breathing">Mouth breathing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snoring" title="Snoring">Snoring</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chest_pain" title="Chest pain">Chest pain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chest_pain_in_children" title="Chest pain in children">In children</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Precordial_catch_syndrome" title="Precordial catch syndrome">Precordial catch syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleurisy" title="Pleurisy">Pleurisy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nail_clubbing" title="Nail clubbing">Nail clubbing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyanosis" title="Cyanosis">Cyanosis</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sputum" title="Sputum">Sputum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemoptysis" title="Hemoptysis">Hemoptysis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epistaxis" class="mw-redirect" title="Epistaxis">Epistaxis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silhouette_sign" title="Silhouette sign">Silhouette sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-nasal_drip" title="Post-nasal drip">Post-nasal drip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiccup" title="Hiccup">Hiccup</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chronic_obstructive_pulmonary_disease" title="Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease">COPD</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hoover%27s_sign_(pulmonary)" title="Hoover's sign (pulmonary)">Hoover's sign</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Asthma" title="Asthma">asthma</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Curschmann%27s_spirals" title="Curschmann's spirals">Curschmann's spirals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charcot%E2%80%93Leyden_crystals" title="Charcot–Leyden crystals">Charcot–Leyden crystals</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bronchitis#Chronic_bronchitis" title="Bronchitis">chronic bronchitis</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reid_index" title="Reid index">Reid index</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sarcoidosis" title="Sarcoidosis">sarcoidosis</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kveim_test" title="Kveim test">Kveim test</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_embolism" title="Pulmonary embolism">pulmonary embolism</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hampton_hump" title="Hampton hump">Hampton hump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westermark_sign" title="Westermark sign">Westermark sign</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_edema" title="Pulmonary edema">pulmonary edema</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kerley_lines" title="Kerley lines">Kerley lines</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamman%27s_sign" title="Hamman's sign">Hamman's sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_S_sign" title="Golden S sign">Golden S sign</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Common_cold" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Common_cold" title="Template:Common cold"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Common_cold" title="Template talk:Common cold"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Common_cold" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Common cold"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Common_cold" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Common_cold" title="Common cold">Common cold</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Virus" title="Virus">Viruses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group 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