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subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Production_Facilities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rare_Earths_Division_(RED)_Aluva" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rare_Earths_Division_(RED)_Aluva"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Rare Earths Division (RED) Aluva</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rare_Earths_Division_(RED)_Aluva-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Odisha_Sand_Complex_(OSCOM)_and_OSCOM_-_Rare_Earth_Extraction_Plant(REEP)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Odisha_Sand_Complex_(OSCOM)_and_OSCOM_-_Rare_Earth_Extraction_Plant(REEP)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Odisha Sand Complex (OSCOM) and OSCOM - Rare Earth Extraction Plant(REEP)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Odisha_Sand_Complex_(OSCOM)_and_OSCOM_-_Rare_Earth_Extraction_Plant(REEP)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Manavalakurichi_unit_(MK)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manavalakurichi_unit_(MK)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Manavalakurichi unit (MK)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manavalakurichi_unit_(MK)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chavara_Mineral_Division" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chavara_Mineral_Division"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Chavara Mineral Division</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chavara_Mineral_Division-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rare_Earth_Permanent_Magnet_Plant_(REPM),_Vishakapatnam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rare_Earth_Permanent_Magnet_Plant_(REPM),_Vishakapatnam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Rare Earth Permanent Magnet Plant (REPM), Vishakapatnam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rare_Earth_Permanent_Magnet_Plant_(REPM),_Vishakapatnam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-IRERC,_Kollam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#IRERC,_Kollam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>IRERC, Kollam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-IRERC,_Kollam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-R_&_D" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#R_&_D"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>R & D</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-R_&_D-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle R & D 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class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Collaboration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collaboration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Upcoming_projects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Upcoming_projects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Upcoming projects</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Upcoming_projects-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Upcoming projects subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Upcoming_projects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ambadongar_Rare_Earth_project" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ambadongar_Rare_Earth_project"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Ambadongar Rare Earth project</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ambadongar_Rare_Earth_project-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-IREL-IDCOL_Ltd" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#IREL-IDCOL_Ltd"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>IREL-IDCOL Ltd</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-IREL-IDCOL_Ltd-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Private_Freight_Terminal_(PFT)-_OSCOM" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Private_Freight_Terminal_(PFT)-_OSCOM"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Private Freight Terminal (PFT)- OSCOM</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Private_Freight_Terminal_(PFT)-_OSCOM-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Capacity_expansion_of_OSCOM_plant" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Capacity_expansion_of_OSCOM_plant"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Capacity expansion of OSCOM plant</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Capacity_expansion_of_OSCOM_plant-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Government-owned mining corporation</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org" style="font-size: 125%;">IREL (India) Limited</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_Rare_Earths_Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/97/Indian_Rare_Earths_Logo.svg/100px-Indian_Rare_Earths_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/97/Indian_Rare_Earths_Logo.svg/150px-Indian_Rare_Earths_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/97/Indian_Rare_Earths_Logo.svg/200px-Indian_Rare_Earths_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="324" data-file-height="309" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_Rare_Earths_Limited_at_Kovilthottam_in_Kollam,_Nov_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Indian_Rare_Earths_Limited_at_Kovilthottam_in_Kollam%2C_Nov_2016.jpg/220px-Indian_Rare_Earths_Limited_at_Kovilthottam_in_Kollam%2C_Nov_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Indian_Rare_Earths_Limited_at_Kovilthottam_in_Kollam%2C_Nov_2016.jpg/330px-Indian_Rare_Earths_Limited_at_Kovilthottam_in_Kollam%2C_Nov_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Indian_Rare_Earths_Limited_at_Kovilthottam_in_Kollam%2C_Nov_2016.jpg/440px-Indian_Rare_Earths_Limited_at_Kovilthottam_in_Kollam%2C_Nov_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">IRE centre in <a href="/wiki/Kollam" title="Kollam">Kollam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Formerly</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Indian Rare Earths Limited</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Public_Sector_Undertaking" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Sector Undertaking">Public Sector Undertaking</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Rare-earth_mineral" title="Rare-earth mineral">Rare Earth Extraction</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">18 August 1950<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label">1207, Veer Savakar Marg, Prabhadevi, near Siddhi Vinayak temple, <div class="ib-company-locality locality"><a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a></div>, <div class="ib-company-country country-name">India</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data agent">D. Singh <br /> (<a href="/wiki/Chairman" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairman">Chairman</a> & <a href="/wiki/Managing_director" class="mw-redirect" title="Managing director">MD</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Products</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ilmenite" title="Ilmenite">Ilmenite</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Leucoxene" title="Leucoxene">Leucoxene</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Rutile" title="Rutile">Rutile</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Zircon" title="Zircon">Zircon</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Garnet" title="Garnet">Garnet</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Sillimanite" title="Sillimanite">Sillimanite</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Lanthanum_carbonate" title="Lanthanum carbonate">Lanthanum carbonate</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Cerium(III)_carbonate" title="Cerium(III) carbonate">Cerium(III) carbonate</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Neodymium" title="Neodymium">Neodymium</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Praseodymium" title="Praseodymium">Praseodymium</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium">Samarium</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium">Gadolinium</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium">Yttrium</a><br /> NdPr Oxalate<br /><a href="/wiki/Thorium(IV)_nitrate" title="Thorium(IV) nitrate">Thorium(IV) nitrate</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Trisodium_phosphate" title="Trisodium phosphate">Trisodium phosphate</a><br />Rare Earth Chloride</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Revenue</th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span><span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>1,536.30 crore</span> (US$180 million) (2021) <sup id="cite_ref-Balance_Sheet_2021_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Balance_Sheet_2021-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Earnings_before_interest_and_taxes" title="Earnings before interest and taxes">Operating income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span><span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>500.12 crore</span> (US$58 million) (2021)<sup id="cite_ref-Balance_Sheet_2021_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Balance_Sheet_2021-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Net_income" title="Net income">Net income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span><span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>315.68 crore</span> (US$36 million) (2021)<sup id="cite_ref-Balance_Sheet_2021_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Balance_Sheet_2021-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Asset" title="Asset">Total assets</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span><span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>1,703.55 crore</span> (US$200 million) (2021)<sup id="cite_ref-Balance_Sheet_2021_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Balance_Sheet_2021-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Equity_(finance)" title="Equity (finance)">Total equity</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Increase"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></span></span><span class="nowrap"><span style="white-space: nowrap">₹</span>1,167.15 crore</span> (US$130 million) (2021)<sup id="cite_ref-Balance_Sheet_2021_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Balance_Sheet_2021-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_India" title="Government of India">Government of India</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Number of employees</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1222 (March 2021) <sup id="cite_ref-Balance_Sheet_2021_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Balance_Sheet_2021-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://irel.co.in">irel<wbr />.co<wbr />.in</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>IREL (India) Limited</b> is an Indian <a href="/wiki/Public_Sector_Undertaking" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Sector Undertaking">Public Sector Undertaking</a> based in <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maharashtra" title="Maharashtra">Maharashtra</a>. It specializes in mining and refining <a href="/wiki/Rare_earth_metals" class="mw-redirect" title="Rare earth metals">rare earth metals</a>. </p><p>It has installed capacity to process about 10,000 MT of rare earth bearing mineral. As regards production, capacity and capabilities in terms of mining, processing, extraction, refining and production of high pure RE oxides is adequately available in India.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production_Facilities">Production Facilities</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Rare_Earths&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Production Facilities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rare_Earths_Division_(RED)_Aluva"><span id="Rare_Earths_Division_.28RED.29_Aluva"></span>Rare Earths Division (RED) Aluva</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Rare_Earths&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Rare Earths Division (RED) Aluva"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This plant, the first unit of IREL, was made operational way back in 1952 for processing of <a href="/wiki/Monazite" title="Monazite">monazite</a>, whose capacity was subsequently increased by about three times. Rare Earths Division (RED), Udyogamandal, Aluva is located on the banks of <a href="/wiki/Periyar_River" title="Periyar River">Periyar River</a> in Kerala at a distance of 12 km from the port city of <a href="/wiki/Kochi" title="Kochi">Kochi</a> and 15 km from <a href="/wiki/Kochi_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Kochi International Airport">Kochi International Airport</a>. </p><p>In the year 2012, the plant was refurbished to process mixed rare earth chlorides. It produces high pure individual rare earth compounds of <a href="/wiki/Lanthanum" title="Lanthanum">lanthanum</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cerium" title="Cerium">cerium</a> in oxide and carbonate form, and that of <a href="/wiki/Neodymium" title="Neodymium">neodymium</a>-<a href="/wiki/Praseodymium" title="Praseodymium">praseodymium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium">samarium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gadolinium" title="Gadolinium">gadolinium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yttrium" title="Yttrium">yttrium</a> in oxide and oxalate form (with more than 99% Purity). RED also produces strategic materials for the Department of Atomic Energy.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Odisha_Sand_Complex_(OSCOM)_and_OSCOM_-_Rare_Earth_Extraction_Plant(REEP)"><span id="Odisha_Sand_Complex_.28OSCOM.29_and_OSCOM_-_Rare_Earth_Extraction_Plant.28REEP.29"></span>Odisha Sand Complex (OSCOM) and OSCOM - Rare Earth Extraction Plant(REEP)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Rare_Earths&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Odisha Sand Complex (OSCOM) and OSCOM - Rare Earth Extraction Plant(REEP)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>IREL commissioned its largest division called Odisha Sand Complex (OSCOM)<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at <a href="/wiki/Chhatrapur" title="Chhatrapur">Chhatrapur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Odisha,_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Odisha, India">Odisha</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today IREL operates these four units along with a corporate office in <a href="/wiki/Mumbai" title="Mumbai">Mumbai</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a unit located in <a href="/wiki/Manavalakurichi" title="Manavalakurichi">Manavalakurichi</a> of <a href="/wiki/Kanyakumari_district" title="Kanyakumari district">Kanyakumari district</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It produces/sells six heavy minerals namely <a href="/wiki/Ilmenite" title="Ilmenite">ilmenite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rutile" title="Rutile">rutile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zircon" title="Zircon">zircon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monazite" title="Monazite">monazite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sillimanite" title="Sillimanite">sillimanite</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Garnet" title="Garnet">garnet</a> as well as various value added products. </p><p>From 1 May 2015 it started commercial operation of Monazite Processing Plant at Orissa to process 10000tpa monazite to produce 11220tpa of rare earth chloride, 13500 tri-sodium phosphate, 26tpa NGADU etc. Similarly High Pure Rare Earth facility also commenced operation to refine pure rare earth compounds. In 2013 <a href="/wiki/Gopalpur_port" title="Gopalpur port">Gopalpur port</a> shipped 7,500 metric tonne of ilmenite from Orissa Sand Complex (OSCOM) to South Korea for the first time after IREL started the operation.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Monazite deposit in Odisha contains rare earths like, <a href="/wiki/Lanthanum" title="Lanthanum">Lanthanum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cerium" title="Cerium">Cerium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Praseodymium" title="Praseodymium">Praseodymium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neodymium" title="Neodymium">Neodymium</a> etc. It also contains <a href="/wiki/Thorium" title="Thorium">Thorium</a> which is a "prescribed substance", the list of which was revised in 2006 under the Atomic Energy Act, 1962.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>IREL has set up a Rare Earth Extraction plant (REEP) producing mixed Rare Earth chloride (MRCL) Tri-sodium phosphate etc., at its unit OSCOM Odisha. MRCL produced from the above plant is processed at IREL's plant at Rare Earth Division (RED) in Aluva Kerala for producing separated High Pure Rare Earth (HPRE) Oxides/Compounds.Rare Earth processing unit having installed capacity of 11200 tpa mixed Rare Earth Chlorides was commissioned in the year 2015–16.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Manavalakurichi_unit_(MK)"><span id="Manavalakurichi_unit_.28MK.29"></span>Manavalakurichi unit (MK)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Rare_Earths&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Manavalakurichi unit (MK)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>IREL opened the division in 1963 after becoming a fully public sector undertaking under the administrative control of Department of Atomic Energy(DAE), Government of India, IREL will carry out beach sand mining and extract heavy minerals at an area of 1,144.06 hectare in eight villages of Kanniyakumari district. It currently holds beach sand mining lease for an area of 178.06 hectare including 29.78 hectare in Midalam and Keezhmidalam,148.27 hectare in Manavalakurichi of Kanyakumari district. </p><p>IREL has a mineral manufacturing unit functioning in Manavalakurichi village near Colachel in Kanniyakumari for extracting ilmenite, zircon, rutile, monazite and sillimanite.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Annual production capacity of MK mineral separation plant is 91,200 tonnes per annum (tpa) of Ilmenite and other associated minerals such as Rutile, Zircon and Garnet.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chavara_Mineral_Division">Chavara Mineral Division</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Rare_Earths&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Chavara Mineral Division"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Chavara mineral separation plant is located 10 km north of Kollam and 85 km from Thiruvananthapuram the Capital of Kerala. It is about 135 km from Kochi, the major port in Kerala. The nearest airport is at Thiruvananthapuram. The adjacent area of Chavara is blessed with one of the best mineral sand deposits in the country – the renowned “Q” Grade minerals. </p><p>The Chavara mines contain as high as 40% heavy minerals extending over a stretch of 23 km in the coastal belt of Neendakara and Kayamkulam, The deposits is quite rich with <a href="/wiki/Ilmenite" title="Ilmenite">ilmenite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rutile" title="Rutile">rutile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zircon" title="Zircon">zircon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sillimanite" title="Sillimanite">sillimanite</a> and is unique with weathered variety having 60% TiO<sub>2</sub> ilmenite. </p><p>The plant has a capacity to produce 2,35,900 tpa of ilmenite and associated minerals such as rutile, zircon and sillimanite. It has a facility to produce <a href="/w/index.php?title=Zirflor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zirflor (page does not exist)">Zirflor</a> in sizes (-300 and -200) in the zircon opacifier plant. The plant operates on an advanced modular design with state of the art equipment in mineral separation and has a well - equipped quality control laboratory for quality assurance. It is certified for <a href="/wiki/ISO_9001:2008" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 9001:2008">ISO 9001:2008</a>, 14001:2004 and 18001:2007. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rare_Earth_Permanent_Magnet_Plant_(REPM),_Vishakapatnam"><span id="Rare_Earth_Permanent_Magnet_Plant_.28REPM.29.2C_Vishakapatnam"></span>Rare Earth Permanent Magnet Plant (REPM), Vishakapatnam</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Rare_Earths&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Rare Earth Permanent Magnet Plant (REPM), Vishakapatnam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This plant was opened in 2023. IREL has set up this plant for producing Rare Earth Permanent Magnet (REPM) at Visakhapatnam based on Indigenous Technology. This plant produces <a href="/wiki/Samarium%E2%80%93cobalt_magnet" title="Samarium–cobalt magnet">samarium-cobalt permanent magnets</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The plant has an annual capacity of 3,000 kg and overall cost is 197 crore. The Facility has been established based on indigenous technology developed by <a href="/wiki/Bhabha_Atomic_Research_Centre" title="Bhabha Atomic Research Centre">BARC</a> and <a href="/wiki/Defence_Metallurgical_Research_Laboratory" title="Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory">DMRL</a> and using indigenous rare earth <a href="/wiki/Samarium" title="Samarium">Samarium</a> resources.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="IRERC,_Kollam"><span id="IRERC.2C_Kollam"></span>IRERC, Kollam</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Rare_Earths&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: IRERC, Kollam"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Corporate Research Centre is located at <a href="/wiki/Kollam" title="Kollam">Kollam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kerala" title="Kerala">Kerala</a><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and carries out research in the field of value added products from beach sand minerals, undertakes consultancy projects on mineral separation and flow sheet development, carrying out mineral analysis and caters to the needs of internal and external customers.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="R_&_D"><span id="R_.26_D"></span>R & D</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Rare_Earths&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: R & D"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>IREL Technology Development Council (IRELTDC) is formed with an objective of promoting industrial scale R&D that would be beneficial to the overall programme of DAE in both strategic and non-strategic fields utilizing mineral & value-added products of IREL. Council invites funds and monitors R&D project proposals from CSIR, IITs, State & Central laboratories, for large scale application & exploitation on the areas of technology of mutual interest. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="List_of_completed_R&D_projects"><span id="List_of_completed_R.26D_projects"></span>List of completed R&D projects</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Rare_Earths&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: List of completed R&D projects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Source:<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>Augmentation of PREE solvent extraction test facility at RED.</li> <li>Pilot-scale production for nanosize rare earth phosphates and development of potential industrial application areas.</li> <li>Design and development of environmentally secure rare earth based colorants.</li> <li>Inflight processing of metallised ilmenite in a DC plasma furnace for continuous production of titania-rich slag and pig iron.</li> <li>Development of cerium oxide based nano materials for applications as Chemical-Mechanical Planarisation/Polishing (CMP) slurry.</li> <li>Recovery of heavy rare earths from phosphoric acid using phosphorus-based commercial extractants and their mixtures.</li> <li>Synthesis and properties of electrodeposited nickel/ceria nanocomposite coatings.</li> <li>Catalysis by nano Crystalline Ceria Modifies with Transition Metals.</li> <li>Design and scale-up of Annular Centrifugal Extractor (ACE).</li> <li>Processing of monazite through sulphuric acid for the recovery of rare earths, thorium and uranium.</li> <li>Preparation of mullite and zirconia toughened mullite from sillimanite.</li> <li>Study of suitability of magnetic separators as replacement for air tables for recovery of monazite.</li> <li>Versatile nano zirconia production facility at IREL, OSCOM.</li> <li>High-field composite varistors based on rare earth oxides.</li> <li>Smart magneto rheological elastomers based on rare earth Magnets.</li> <li>Production of nano titania from ilmenite and set up a pilot plant to process 1 ton/batch.</li> <li>Production of environmentally secure rare earth oxide brown pigment for surface coating applications.</li> <li>Optimization of processing parameters to produce high aspect ratio synthetic wollastonite.</li> <li>Improving recovery of heavy minerals at IREL plants using spiral separators.</li> <li>Suitability of rare earth drum magnetic separator to increase plant efficiency at IREL, Chavara.</li> <li>With the help of <a href="/wiki/National_Metallurgical_Laboratory" title="National Metallurgical Laboratory">National Metallurgical Laboratory</a>, Column flotation technology for the beneficiation of sillimanite was successfully developed and demonstrated first at the IREL plant in Orissa. Today it is commercially operating with consistent recovery and grades, both at Chatrapur and Chavara.</li> <li>With help of <a href="/wiki/Bhabha_Atomic_Research_Centre" title="Bhabha Atomic Research Centre">BARC</a>, Cerium and lanthanum metals have been prepared by fused salt electrolysis from its phosphors, These rare earth based phosphors compounds have been separated and purified from the stock obtained from beach sands.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Finance">Finance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Rare_Earths&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Finance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>IREL records highest-ever sales turnover and PBT in FY 2021–22. According to the company, it has achieved its highest ever sales turnover and profit before tax (PBT) since its inception. The sales turnover and PBT stood at a whopping Rs 1462.05 crore, while the PBT stood at about Rs 700.00 crore, which surpassed the previous year record by 53.3 percent and 68.6 percent respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>IREL declared and paid dividend of Rs.166.67 Crores out of the profit for the financial year 2021–22. The total income of the company was Rs. 1536.30 crore.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collaboration">Collaboration</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Rare_Earths&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Collaboration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>IREL extracts the rare earth metal and rare earth alloy using the refining technique based on laboratory scale process developed by <a href="/wiki/Bhabha_Atomic_Research_Centre" title="Bhabha Atomic Research Centre">BARC</a> and <a href="/wiki/Defence_Metallurgical_Research_Laboratory" title="Defence Metallurgical Research Laboratory">DMRL</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>IREL (India) Limited renewed its agreement with M/s. <a href="/wiki/Toyota_Tsusho" title="Toyota Tsusho">Toyotsu Rare Earths (India) Pvt. Ltd.</a> for creating a critical minerals supply chain.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Toyotsu Rare Earths (India) Pvt. Ltd. remarkets the rare earth oxides or carbonates like Lanthanum Oxide(LA2O3), Cerium Oxide(CEO2), Praseodymium Oxide(PR6O11), Neodymium Oxide(ND2O3), Praseodymium-Neodymium Oxide((PRND)2O3) and Cerium Carbonate (CE2(CO3)3) from IREL. </p><p>Reduction-Diffusion Technique is a process used by the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) for the production of enriched uranium.IREL uses the same process for thorium and other radio active metals.<sup id="cite_ref-auto1_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto1-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Upcoming_projects">Upcoming projects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Rare_Earths&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Upcoming projects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ambadongar_Rare_Earth_project">Ambadongar Rare Earth project</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Rare_Earths&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Ambadongar Rare Earth project"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>New carbonatite deposit in Gujarat. Technical feasibility and economic viability studies undertaken.<sup id="cite_ref-PUI_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PUI-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="IREL-IDCOL_Ltd">IREL-IDCOL Ltd</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Rare_Earths&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: IREL-IDCOL Ltd"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Setting up of new mining and mineral separation plant for winning beach sand mineral deposits in Puri District of Odisha.<sup id="cite_ref-PUI_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PUI-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Private_Freight_Terminal_(PFT)-_OSCOM"><span id="Private_Freight_Terminal_.28PFT.29-_OSCOM"></span>Private Freight Terminal (PFT)- OSCOM</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Rare_Earths&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Private Freight Terminal (PFT)- OSCOM"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Conversion of IRELs Private railway siding to Private Freight Terminal<sup id="cite_ref-PUI_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PUI-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Capacity_expansion_of_OSCOM_plant">Capacity expansion of OSCOM plant</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Rare_Earths&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Capacity expansion of OSCOM plant"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Increase in capacity from 2.8 to 6.2 lakh tpa of Ilmenite and associated minerals.<sup id="cite_ref-PUI_29-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PUI-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Rare_Earths&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output 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href="https://www.psuconnect.in/news/irel-pays-dividend-of-rs-167-cr-for-the-year-2021-22/34762/">"IREL pays dividend of Rs. 166.67 Cr for the year 2021-22"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=IREL+pays+dividend+of+Rs.+166.67+Cr+for+the+year+2021-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.psuconnect.in%2Fnews%2Firel-pays-dividend-of-rs-167-cr-for-the-year-2021-22%2F34762%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Rare+Earths" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gatewayhouse.in/partnering-with-japan-for-critical-minerals-supply/">"Partnering with Japan for critical minerals supply"</a>. 28 July 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Partnering+with+Japan+for+critical+minerals+supply&rft.date=2022-07-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gatewayhouse.in%2Fpartnering-with-japan-for-critical-minerals-supply%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Rare+Earths" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.psuconnect.in/news/IREL-India-renewed-its-agreement/31246">"IREL India renewed its agreement to Boost Rare Earth Sector"</a>. <i>www.psuconnect.in</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.psuconnect.in&rft.atitle=IREL+India+renewed+its+agreement+to+Boost+Rare+Earth+Sector&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.psuconnect.in%2Fnews%2FIREL-India-renewed-its-agreement%2F31246&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Rare+Earths" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto1-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-auto1_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://psuwatch.com/newsupdates/pm-modi-inaugurates-rare-earth-permanent-magnet-plant-vishakhapatnam">"PM Modi inaugurates 'Rare Earth Permanent Magnet Plant, Vishakhapatnam'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>PSU Watch Bureau</i>. 12 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PSU+Watch+Bureau&rft.atitle=PM+Modi+inaugurates+%27Rare+Earth+Permanent+Magnet+Plant%2C+Vishakhapatnam%27&rft.date=2023-05-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpsuwatch.com%2Fnewsupdates%2Fpm-modi-inaugurates-rare-earth-permanent-magnet-plant-vishakhapatnam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Rare+Earths" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ias.ac.in/public/Volumes/boms/002/03/0161-0165.pdf">"Preparation of rare earth-cobalt magnet alloy by reduction-diffusion process"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Preparation+of+rare+earth-cobalt+magnet+alloy+by+reduction-diffusion+process&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ias.ac.in%2Fpublic%2FVolumes%2Fboms%2F002%2F03%2F0161-0165.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Rare+Earths" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PUI-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PUI_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PUI_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PUI_29-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PUI_29-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irel.co.in/projects-under-implementation">"Projects Under Implementation - IREL (India) Limited"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Projects+Under+Implementation+-+IREL+%28India%29+Limited&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.irel.co.in%2Fprojects-under-implementation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AIndian+Rare+Earths" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Rare_Earths&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sarkarinaukrieasyalert.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/IREL-logo.png">IREL(INDIA) LIMITED LOGO</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/71px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Emblem_of_India.svg/94px-Emblem_of_India.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="933" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_New_and_Renewable_Energy" title="Ministry of New and Renewable Energy">New and<br /> Renewable Energy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Energy_Corporation_of_India" title="Solar Energy Corporation of India">Solar Energy Corporation of India</a> (SECI)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Coal" title="Ministry of Coal">Ministry of Coal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coal_India" title="Coal India">Coal India</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharat_Coking_Coal" class="mw-redirect" title="Bharat Coking Coal">Bharat Coking Coal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Mine_Planning_and_Design_Institute" title="Central Mine Planning and Design Institute">Central Mine Planning and Design Institute</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NLC_India_Limited" title="NLC India Limited">NLC India Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singareni_Collieries_Company" title="Singareni Collieries Company">Singareni Collieries Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coal_Mines_Provident_Fund_Organisation" title="Coal Mines Provident Fund Organisation">Coal Mines Provident Fund Organisation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Petroleum_and_Natural_Gas" title="Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas">Petroleum and<br />Natural 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class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Directorate_General_of_Hydrocarbons" title="Directorate General of Hydrocarbons">Directorate General of Hydrocarbons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_Industry_Safety_Directorate" title="Oil Industry Safety Directorate">Oil Industry Safety Directorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petroleum_Conservation_Research_Association" title="Petroleum Conservation Research Association">Petroleum Conservation Research Association</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Operational</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balmer_Lawrie" title="Balmer Lawrie">Balmer Lawrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chennai_Petroleum_Corporation_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Chennai Petroleum Corporation Limited">Chennai Petroleum Corporation Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharat_Petroleum" title="Bharat Petroleum">Bharat Petroleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Engineers_India_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Engineers India Limited">Engineers India Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gas_Authority_of_India_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Gas Authority of India Limited">Gas Authority of India Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Oil_Corporation" title="Indian Oil Corporation">Indian Oil Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numaligarh_Refinery_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Numaligarh Refinery Limited">Numaligarh Refinery Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_India" title="Oil India">Oil India Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_and_Natural_Gas_Corporation" title="Oil and Natural Gas Corporation">Oil and Natural Gas Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindustan_Petroleum" title="Hindustan Petroleum">Hindustan Petroleum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" 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navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Apex board</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atomic_Energy_Commission_of_India" title="Atomic Energy Commission of India">Atomic Energy Commission</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regulatory board</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atomic_Energy_Regulatory_Board" title="Atomic Energy Regulatory Board">Atomic Energy Regulatory Board</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">R&D</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhabha_Atomic_Research_Centre" title="Bhabha Atomic Research Centre">Bhabha Atomic Research Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomic_Minerals_Directorate_for_Exploration_and_Research" title="Atomic Minerals Directorate for Exploration and Research">Atomic Minerals Directorate for Exploration and Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi_Centre_for_Atomic_Research" title="Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research">Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raja_Ramanna_Centre_for_Advanced_Technology" title="Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology">Raja Ramanna Centre for Advanced Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variable_Energy_Cyclotron_Centre" title="Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre">Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Centre_for_Nuclear_Energy_Partnership" title="Global Centre for Nuclear Energy Partnership">Global Centre for Nuclear Energy Partnership</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">PSUs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electronics_Corporation_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronics Corporation of India">Electronics Corporation of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Rare_Earths_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Rare Earths Limited">Indian Rare Earths Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uranium_Corporation_of_India" title="Uranium Corporation of India">Uranium Corporation of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Power_Corporation_of_India" title="Nuclear Power Corporation of India">Nuclear Power Corporation of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BHAVINI" title="BHAVINI">Bharatiya Nabhkiya Vidyut Nigam Limited</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Industrial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heavy_Water_Board" title="Heavy Water Board">Heavy Water Board</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Fuel_Complex" title="Nuclear Fuel Complex">Nuclear Fuel Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Board_of_Radiation_and_Isotope_Technology" title="Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology">Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Institute_of_Science_Education_and_Research,_Bhubaneswar" class="mw-redirect" title="National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar">National Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhubaneswar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Board_for_Higher_Mathematics" title="National Board for Higher Mathematics">National Board for Higher Mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomic_Energy_Education_Society" title="Atomic Energy Education Society">Atomic Energy Education Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tata_Memorial_Centre" title="Tata Memorial Centre">Tata Memorial Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Excellence_in_Basic_Sciences" title="Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences">Centre for Excellence in Basic Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saha_Institute_of_Nuclear_Physics" title="Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics">Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Physics,_Bhubaneswar" title="Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar">Institute of Physics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harish-Chandra_Research_Institute" title="Harish-Chandra Research Institute">Harish-Chandra Research Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Mathematical_Sciences,_Chennai" title="Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Chennai">Institute of Mathematical Sciences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_for_Plasma_Research" title="Institute for Plasma Research">Institute for Plasma Research</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Public_sector_undertakings_in_India_(list)334" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Public_sector_undertakings_in_India" title="Template:Public sector undertakings in India"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Public_sector_undertakings_in_India" title="Template talk:Public sector undertakings in India"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Public_sector_undertakings_in_India" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Public sector undertakings in India"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Public_sector_undertakings_in_India_(list)334" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Public_sector_undertakings_in_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Public sector undertakings in India">Public sector undertakings in India</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_public_sector_undertakings_in_India" title="List of public sector undertakings in India">list</a>)</small></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Maharatna</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Energy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharat_Petroleum" title="Bharat Petroleum">Bharat Petroleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coal_India_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Coal India Limited">Coal India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GAIL" title="GAIL">GAIL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindustan_Petroleum" title="Hindustan Petroleum">Hindustan Petroleum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Oil_Corporation" title="Indian Oil Corporation">Indian Oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NTPC_Limited" title="NTPC Limited">NTPC Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_and_Natural_Gas_Corporation" title="Oil and Natural Gas Corporation">ONGC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_Grid_Corporation_of_India" title="Power Grid Corporation of India">Power Grid</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Financial services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Power_Finance_Corporation" title="Power Finance Corporation">Power Finance Corporation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/REC_Limited" title="REC Limited">REC</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hindustan_Aeronautics" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindustan Aeronautics">Hindustan Aeronautics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Engineering</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharat_Heavy_Electricals" class="mw-redirect" title="Bharat Heavy Electricals">BHEL</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Metals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Steel_Authority_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Steel Authority of India">SAIL</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Navratna</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defence</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharat_Electronics" title="Bharat Electronics">Bharat Electronics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Energy & metals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Aluminium_Company" title="National Aluminium Company">National Aluminium Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Mineral_Development_Corporation" title="National Mineral Development Corporation">National Mineral Development Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NLC_India_Limited" title="NLC India Limited">Neyveli Lignite Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_India" title="Oil India">Oil India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Ispat_Nigam" title="Rashtriya Ispat Nigam">Rashtriya Ispat Nigam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">EPC</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Engineers_India" title="Engineers India">Engineers India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Buildings_Construction_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="National Buildings Construction Corporation">National Buildings Construction Corporation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Logistics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Container_Corporation_of_India" title="Container Corporation of India">Container Corporation of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shipping_Corporation_of_India" title="Shipping Corporation of India">Shipping Corporation of India</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Telecommunications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mahanagar_Telephone_Nigam" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahanagar Telephone Nigam">Mahanagar Telephone Nigam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miniratna-I</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Energy, metals<br />& mining</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bharat_Coking_Coal" class="mw-redirect" title="Bharat Coking Coal">Bharat Coking Coal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balmer_Lawrie" title="Balmer Lawrie">Balmer Lawrie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Coalfields" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Coalfields">Central Coalfields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Mine_Planning_and_Design_Institute" title="Central Mine Planning and Design Institute">Central Mine Planning and Design Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chennai_Petroleum_Corporation" title="Chennai Petroleum Corporation">Chennai Petroleum Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindustan_Copper" title="Hindustan Copper">Hindustan Copper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Renewable_Energy_Development_Agency" title="Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency">Indian Renewable Energy Development Agency</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Indian Rare Earths</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kudremukh_Iron_Ore_Company" title="Kudremukh Iron Ore Company">Kudremukh Iron Ore Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahanadi_Coalfields" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahanadi Coalfields">Mahanadi Coalfields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MOIL" title="MOIL">MOIL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangalore_Refinery_and_Petrochemicals_Limited" title="Mangalore Refinery and Petrochemicals Limited">Mangalore Refinery and Petrochemical</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mineral_Exploration_Corporation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mineral Exploration Corporation (page does not exist)">Mineral Exploration Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NHPC_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="NHPC Limited">National Hydroelectric Power Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Coalfields" class="mw-redirect" title="Northern Coalfields">Northern Coalfields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Eastern_Electric_Power_Corporation_Limited" title="North Eastern Electric Power Corporation Limited">North Eastern Electric Power Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Numaligarh_Refinery" title="Numaligarh Refinery">Numaligarh Refinery</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ONGC_Videsh_Limited&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ONGC Videsh Limited (page does not exist)">ONGC Videsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SJVN" title="SJVN">SJVN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Eastern_Coalfields" class="mw-redirect" title="South Eastern Coalfields">South Eastern Coalfields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/THDC_India_Limited" title="THDC India Limited">THDC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Coalfields" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Coalfields">Western Coalfields</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defence & space</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antrix_Corporation" title="Antrix Corporation">Antrix Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharat_Dynamics" class="mw-redirect" title="Bharat Dynamics">Bharat Dynamics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharat_Earth_Movers" class="mw-redirect" title="Bharat Earth Movers">Bharat Earth Movers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cochin_Shipyard" title="Cochin Shipyard">Cochin Shipyard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_Reach_Shipbuilders_%26_Engineers" title="Garden Reach Shipbuilders & Engineers">Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goa_Shipyard" title="Goa Shipyard">Goa Shipyard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mazagon_Dock_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Mazagon Dock Limited">Mazagon Dock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mishra_Dhatu_Nigam" title="Mishra Dhatu Nigam">Mishra Dhatu Nigam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pawan_Hans" class="mw-redirect" title="Pawan Hans">Pawan Hans</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media & telecom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BSNL" title="BSNL">BSNL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindustan_Newsprint" title="Hindustan Newsprint">Hindustan Newsprint</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hindustan_Paper_Corporation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hindustan Paper Corporation (page does not exist)">Hindustan Paper Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RailTel_Corporation_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="RailTel Corporation of India">Railtel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_Consultants_India" title="Telecommunications Consultants India">Telecommunications Consultants India</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Logistics & transport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airports_Authority_of_India" title="Airports Authority of India">Airports Authority of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Warehousing_Corporation" title="Central Warehousing Corporation">Central Warehousing Corporation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">EPC & infrastructure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_and_Roof_Company_(India)" title="Bridge and Roof Company (India)">Bridge & Roof Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_and_Urban_Development_Corporation" title="Housing and Urban Development Corporation">HUDCO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ircon_International" title="Ircon International">Ircon International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ennore_Port" class="mw-redirect" title="Ennore Port">Kamarajar Port</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Projects_Construction_Corporation_Limited&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Projects Construction Corporation Limited (page does not exist)">National Projects Construction Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Projects_and_Development_India_Limited" title="Projects and Development India Limited">Projects and Development India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_Vikas_Nigam_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Rail Vikas Nigam Limited">Rail Vikas Nigam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_India_Technical_and_Economic_Service" title="Rail India Technical and Economic Service">RITES</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WAPCOS_Limited" title="WAPCOS Limited">WAPCOS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Trading</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cotton_Corporation_of_India" title="Cotton Corporation of India">Cotton Corporation of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_Trade_Promotion_Organisation" title="India Trade Promotion Organisation">India Trade Promotion Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MMTC_Ltd" title="MMTC Ltd">Metals and Minerals Trading Corporation of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSTC_Limited" title="MSTC Limited">MSTC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tourism & hospitality</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hospital_services_Consultancy_Corporation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hospital services Consultancy Corporation (page does not exist)">HSCC (India)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_Tourism_Development_Corporation" title="India Tourism Development Corporation">India Tourism Development Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Railway_Catering_and_Tourism_Corporation" title="Indian Railway Catering and Tourism Corporation">IRCTC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Agriculture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Fertilizers" title="National Fertilizers">National Fertilizers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Seed_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="National Seed Corporation">National Seed Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Chemicals_%26_Fertilizers" class="mw-redirect" title="Rashtriya Chemicals & Fertilizers">Rashtriya Chemicals & Fertilizers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Educational_Consultants_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Educational Consultants India">Educational Consultants India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HLL_Lifecare" title="HLL Lifecare">HLL Lifecare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Railway_Finance_Corporation" title="Indian Railway Finance Corporation">Indian Railway Finance Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Small_Industries_Corporation" title="National Small Industries Corporation">National Small Industries Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_Printing_and_Minting_Corporation_of_India" title="Security Printing and Minting Corporation of India">Security Printing and Minting Corporation of India</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miniratna-II</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Artificial_Limbs_Manufacturing_Corporation_of_India&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Artificial Limbs Manufacturing Corporation of India (page does not exist)">Artificial Limbs Manufacturing Corporation of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bharat_Pumps_%26_Compressors" title="Bharat Pumps & Compressors">Bharat Pumps & Compressors</a><sup>l</sup></li> <li>Broadcast Engineering Consultants India</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Central_Railside_Warehouse_Company&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Central Railside Warehouse Company (page does not exist)">Central Railside Warehouse Company</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Engineering_Projects_(India)_Limited&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Engineering Projects (India) Limited (page does not exist)">Engineering Projects (India) Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FCI_Aravali_Gypsum_and_Minerals_(India)_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="FCI Aravali Gypsum and Minerals (India) Limited">FCI Aravali Gypsum and Minerals (India)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferro_Scrap_Nigam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferro Scrap Nigam (page does not exist)">Ferro Scrap Nigam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMT_Limited" title="HMT Limited">HMT Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Indian_Medicines_and_Pharmaceuticals_Corporation&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indian Medicines and Pharmaceuticals Corporation (page does not exist)">Indian Medicines and Pharmaceuticals Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MECON_(company)" title="MECON (company)">MECON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Film_Development_Corporation_of_India" title="National Film Development Corporation of India">National Film Development Corporation of India</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rajasthan_Electronics_and_Instruments&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rajasthan Electronics and Instruments (page does not exist)">Rajasthan Electronics and Instruments</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Finance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Public_sector_banks_in_India" title="Public sector banks in India">Banks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Baroda" title="Bank of Baroda">Bank of Baroda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_India" title="Bank of India">Bank of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canara_Bank" title="Canara Bank">Canara Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Bank_of_India" title="Central Bank of India">Central Bank of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Bank" title="Indian Bank">Indian Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_Overseas_Bank" title="Indian Overseas Bank">Indian Overseas Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjab_%26_Sind_Bank" title="Punjab & Sind Bank">Punjab & Sind Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjab_National_Bank" title="Punjab National Bank">Punjab National Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Bank_of_India" title="State Bank of India">State Bank of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UCO_Bank" title="UCO Bank">UCO Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Bank_of_India" title="Union Bank of India">Union Bank of India</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Insurance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Agricultural_insurance_in_India" title="Agricultural insurance in India">Agriculture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_Insurance_Company_of_India" title="Agriculture Insurance Company of India">Agriculture Insurance Company of India</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/General_insurance" title="General insurance">General</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Insurance_Company" title="National Insurance Company">National Insurance Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_India_Assurance" title="New India Assurance">New India Assurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Insurance" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Insurance">Oriental Insurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_India_Insurance_Company" title="United India Insurance Company">United India Insurance Company</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Life_insurance" title="Life insurance">Life</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Life_Insurance_Corporation_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Life Insurance Corporation of India">Life Insurance Corporation of India</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Health_insurance" title="Health insurance">Health</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Employees%27_State_Insurance" title="Employees' State Insurance">Employees' State Insurance</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Reinsurance" title="Reinsurance">Reinsurance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Insurance_Corporation_of_India" title="General Insurance Corporation of India">GIC Re</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">State govt.<br />enterprises</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Public_sector_undertakings_in_Kerala" title="Public sector undertakings in Kerala">Kerala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Tamil_Nadu_governmental_organisations" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Tamil Nadu governmental organisations">Tamil Nadu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jammu_%26_Kashmir_Bank" title="Jammu & Kashmir Bank">Jammu & Kashmir Bank</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Weapons_and_Equipment_India" title="Advanced Weapons and Equipment India">Advanced Weapons and Equipment India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armoured_Vehicles_Nigam_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Armoured Vehicles Nigam Limited">Armoured Vehicles Nigam Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BHAVINI" title="BHAVINI">BHAVINI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cement_Corporation_of_India" title="Cement Corporation of India">Cement Corporation of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dredging_Corporation_of_India" title="Dredging Corporation of India">Dredging Corporation of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electronics_Corporation_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronics Corporation of India">Electronics Corporation of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Food_Corporation_of_India" title="Food Corporation of India">Food Corporation of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gliders_India_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Gliders India Limited">Gliders India Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindustan_Shipyard" title="Hindustan Shipyard">Hindustan Shipyard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_Optel_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="India Optel Limited">India Optel Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munitions_India_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Munitions India Limited">Munitions India Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_Power_Corporation_of_India" title="Nuclear Power Corporation of India">Nuclear Power Corporation of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troop_Comforts_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Troop Comforts Limited">Troop Comforts Limited</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uranium_Corporation_of_India" title="Uranium Corporation of India">Uranium Corporation of India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yantra_India_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="Yantra India Limited">Yantra India Limited</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>l - liquidated <br /> Information updated as of January, 2020 by Department of Public Enterprises • <i>See also</i> <a href="/wiki/Public_sector_banks_in_India" title="Public sector banks in India">Public sector banks in India</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6021378#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata498" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6021378#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata498" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6021378#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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