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class="cls-4" d="M99.67,26.6c-1.73-1.76-3.88-2.63-6.44-2.63-2.75,0-5.01.85-6.77,2.59-1.78,1.73-2.66,3.97-2.66,6.7,0,2.4.83,4.53,2.47,6.4.83.95,1.85,1.66,3.03,2.1v133.88h7.51V41.75c1.06-.44,2.01-1.09,2.86-1.96,1.76-1.76,2.61-3.95,2.61-6.63s-.85-4.78-2.61-6.56ZM95.86,36.33c-.79.88-1.71,1.32-2.75,1.32-1.11,0-2.06-.44-2.84-1.34-.79-.9-1.18-1.99-1.18-3.26,0-1.18.39-2.17,1.18-3,.79-.85,1.73-1.27,2.84-1.27,1.04,0,1.96.46,2.75,1.34.81.9,1.2,1.94,1.2,3.14s-.39,2.19-1.2,3.07Z"/> <path class="cls-4" d="M137.69,48.17c-1.73-1.76-3.9-2.66-6.47-2.66-2.75,0-5.01.88-6.77,2.61-1.76,1.73-2.63,3.95-2.63,6.7,0,2.4.81,4.53,2.45,6.4.83.95,1.85,1.64,3.03,2.1v112.31h7.51V63.32c1.06-.44,2.03-1.11,2.89-1.96,1.73-1.76,2.61-3.97,2.61-6.63s-.88-4.8-2.61-6.56ZM133.88,57.9c-.79.88-1.71,1.32-2.77,1.32s-2.06-.46-2.84-1.34c-.79-.9-1.18-1.99-1.18-3.26,0-1.18.39-2.17,1.2-3,.79-.85,1.73-1.27,2.82-1.27s1.99.44,2.77,1.34c.79.9,1.18,1.94,1.18,3.14s-.39,2.19-1.18,3.07Z"/> </g> </g> </svg> </a> </div> <div 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Sponsored by the Non-Profit Free&nbsp;Law&nbsp;Project.</p> </div> <div class="row" id="main-query-box"> <form action="/" method="get" id="search-form" class="form-inline" role="form"> <div id="search-container" class="text-center"> <label class="sr-only" for="id_q">Search</label> <div class="input-group"> <input class="form-control input-lg" value="" name="q" id="id_q" autocomplete="off" type="text"> <span class="input-group-btn"> <button type="submit" class="btn btn-primary btn-lg" name="search" id="search-button"><i class="fa fa-search"></i>&nbsp;Search </button> </span> </div> </div> </form> </div> <div id="advanced-search" class="row"> <p class="text-center large alt gray top bottom">&ndash; or &ndash;</p> <p class="text-center large"> <a href="/opinion/">Advanced Search</a> </p> </div> <div class="row lg-v-offset-below-3"> <div class="col-sm-6"> <h3>About CourtListener</h3> <p>CourtListener is a free legal research website containing millions of legal opinions from federal and state courts. With CourtListener, lawyers, journalists, academics, and the public can research an important case, stay up to date with case law as it develops, or do deep analysis using our raw data. </p> </div> <div class="col-sm-6"> <h3>About Free Law Project</h3> <p><a href="https://free.law">Free Law Project</a> seeks to provide free access to primary legal materials, develop legal research tools, and support academic research on legal corpora. We work diligently with volunteers to expand our efforts at building an open source, open access, legal research ecosystem. Currently Free Law Project sponsors the development of <a href="https://github.com/freelawproject/courtlistener">CourtListener</a>, <a href="https://github.com/freelawproject/juriscraper">Juriscraper</a>, and <a href="https://free.law/recap/">RECAP</a>. </p> </div> </div> <div class="row lg-v-offset-below-3"> <div class="col-sm-6"> <h3>Latest Opinions&nbsp;<i class="gray fa fa-file-text-o"></i></h3> <p>We download case law from many jurisdictions on an ongoing basis. Here are the most recent ones. </p> <article> <h3 class="bottom serif"> <a href="/opinion/10282241/united-soccer-leagues-llc-v-wyke/" class="visitable"> United Soccer Leagues, LLC v. Wyke (Fla.&nbsp;Dist.&nbsp;Ct.&nbsp;App.&nbsp;2024) </a> </h3> <div class="bottom"> <div class="inline-block"> <span class="meta-data-header">Date Filed:</span> <time class="meta-data-value" datetime="2024-11-22"> November 22nd, 2024 </time> </div> <div class="inline-block"> <span class="meta-data-header">Status:</span> <span class="meta-data-value">Precedential</span> </div> <div class="inline-block"> <span class="meta-data-header">Docket Number:</span> <span class="meta-data-value select-all">2D2023-2279</span> </div> </div> <div class="bottom"> </div> </article> <article> <h3 class="bottom serif"> <a href="/opinion/10282243/state-v-rashad-l-simpson/" class="visitable"> State v. Rashad L. Simpson (Ga.&nbsp;Ct.&nbsp;App.&nbsp;2024) </a> </h3> <div class="bottom"> <div class="inline-block"> <span class="meta-data-header">Date Filed:</span> <time class="meta-data-value" datetime="2024-11-22"> November 22nd, 2024 </time> </div> <div class="inline-block"> <span class="meta-data-header">Status:</span> <span class="meta-data-value">Precedential</span> </div> <div class="inline-block"> <span class="meta-data-header">Docket Number:</span> <span class="meta-data-value select-all">A24A1468</span> </div> </div> <div class="bottom"> </div> </article> <article> <h3 class="bottom serif"> <a href="/opinion/10282239/bricklayers-trowel-trades-international-pension-fund-v-avalanche/" class="visitable"> Bricklayers & Trowel Trades International Pension Fund v. Avalanche Construction Group Inc. (D.D.C.&nbsp;2024) </a> </h3> <div class="bottom"> <div class="inline-block"> <span class="meta-data-header">Date Filed:</span> <time class="meta-data-value" datetime="2024-11-22"> November 22nd, 2024 </time> </div> <div class="inline-block"> <span class="meta-data-header">Status:</span> <span class="meta-data-value">Precedential</span> </div> <div class="inline-block"> <span class="meta-data-header">Docket Number:</span> <span class="meta-data-value select-all">Civil Action No. 2023-1784</span> </div> </div> <div class="bottom"> </div> </article> <article> <h3 class="bottom serif"> <a href="/opinion/10282274/matthew-justin-olson-v-the-state-of-wyoming/" class="visitable"> Matthew Justin Olson v. The State of Wyoming (Wyo.&nbsp;2024) </a> </h3> <div class="bottom"> <div class="inline-block"> <span class="meta-data-header">Date Filed:</span> <time class="meta-data-value" datetime="2024-11-22"> November 22nd, 2024 </time> </div> <div class="inline-block"> <span class="meta-data-header">Status:</span> <span class="meta-data-value">Precedential</span> </div> <div class="inline-block"> <span class="meta-data-header">Citations: </span> <span class="meta-data-value">2024 WY 125</span> </div> <div class="inline-block"> <span class="meta-data-header">Docket Number:</span> <span class="meta-data-value select-all">S-24-0103</span> </div> </div> <div class="bottom"> </div> </article> <article> <h3 class="bottom serif"> <a href="/opinion/10282229/clark-v-santander-bank-na/" class="visitable"> Clark v. Santander Bank, N.A. (2d&nbsp;Cir.&nbsp;2024) </a> </h3> <div class="bottom"> <div class="inline-block"> <span class="meta-data-header">Date Filed:</span> <time class="meta-data-value" datetime="2024-11-22"> November 22nd, 2024 </time> </div> <div class="inline-block"> <span class="meta-data-header">Status:</span> <span class="meta-data-value">Precedential</span> </div> <div class="inline-block"> <span class="meta-data-header">Docket Number:</span> <span class="meta-data-value select-all">22-2965</span> </div> </div> <div class="bottom"> </div> </article> <p class="right"> <a href="/?order_by=dateFiled+desc" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-lg v-offset-above-2">See Recent Opinions</a> </p> </div> <div class="col-sm-6"> <h3>Latest Oral Arguments&nbsp;<i class="gray fa fa-volume-up"></i> </h3> <p>We download oral arguments from many jurisdictions on an ongoing basis. Here are the most recent ones. </p> <article> <h3 class="bottom serif"> <a href="/audio/95439/united-states-v-ramsey/" class="visitable"> United States v. Ramsey (2d&nbsp;Cir.&nbsp;2024) </a> </h3> <div class="bottom"> <div class="inline-block"> <span class="meta-data-header">Date Argued:</span> <time class="meta-data-value" datetime="2024-11-22"> November 22nd, 2024 </time> </div> <div class="inline-block"> <span class="meta-data-header">Docket Number:</span> <span class="meta-data-value select-all">23-7211</span> </div> <div class="inline-block"> <span class="meta-data-header">Duration:</span> <span class="meta-data-value">33:04</span> </div> </div> <div class="bottom"> </div> </article> <article> <h3 class="bottom serif"> <a href="/audio/95443/carl-race-v-james-salmonsen/" class="visitable"> Carl Race v. James Salmonsen (9th&nbsp;Cir.&nbsp;2024) </a> </h3> <div class="bottom"> <div class="inline-block"> <span class="meta-data-header">Date Argued:</span> <time class="meta-data-value" datetime="2024-11-22"> November 22nd, 2024 </time> </div> <div class="inline-block"> <span class="meta-data-header">Docket Number:</span> <span class="meta-data-value select-all">23-35439</span> </div> <div class="inline-block"> <span class="meta-data-header">Duration:</span> <span class="meta-data-value">17:57</span> </div> </div> <div class="bottom"> <div class="inline-block"> <span class="meta-data-header">Judge:</span> <span class="meta-data-value">GOULD, LEE, THOMAS</span> </div> </div> </article> <article> <h3 class="bottom serif"> <a href="/audio/95447/tl90108-llc-v-joseph-ford-iii/" class="visitable"> RL90108 LLC v. Joseph Ford, III (11th&nbsp;Cir.&nbsp;2024) </a> </h3> <div class="bottom"> <div class="inline-block"> <span class="meta-data-header">Date Argued:</span> <time class="meta-data-value" datetime="2024-11-22"> November 22nd, 2024 </time> </div> <div class="inline-block"> <span class="meta-data-header">Docket Number:</span> <span class="meta-data-value select-all">21-10456</span> </div> <div class="inline-block"> <span class="meta-data-header">Duration:</span> <span class="meta-data-value">19:32</span> </div> </div> <div class="bottom"> </div> </article> <article> <h3 class="bottom serif"> <a href="/audio/95453/battle-creek-health-system-v-xavier-becerra/" class="visitable"> Battle Creek Health System v. Xavier Becerra (D.C.&nbsp;Cir.&nbsp;2024) </a> </h3> <div class="bottom"> <div class="inline-block"> <span class="meta-data-header">Date Argued:</span> <time class="meta-data-value" datetime="2024-11-22"> November 22nd, 2024 </time> </div> <div class="inline-block"> <span class="meta-data-header">Docket Number:</span> <span class="meta-data-value select-all">23-5310</span> </div> <div class="inline-block"> <span class="meta-data-header">Duration:</span> <span class="meta-data-value">35:46</span> </div> </div> <div class="bottom"> <div class="inline-block"> <span class="meta-data-header">Judge:</span> <span class="meta-data-value">Srinivasan; Walker; Edwards</span> </div> </div> </article> <article> <h3 class="bottom serif"> <a href="/audio/95454/united-states-v-matthew-madden/" class="visitable"> United States v. Matthew Madden (8th&nbsp;Cir.&nbsp;2024) </a> </h3> <div class="bottom"> <div class="inline-block"> <span class="meta-data-header">Date Argued:</span> <time class="meta-data-value" datetime="2024-11-22"> November 22nd, 2024 </time> </div> <div class="inline-block"> <span class="meta-data-header">Docket Number:</span> <span class="meta-data-value select-all">24-1544</span> </div> <div class="inline-block"> <span class="meta-data-header">Duration:</span> <span class="meta-data-value">20:46</span> </div> </div> <div class="bottom"> </div> </article> <p class="right"> <a href="/?order_by=dateArgued+desc&type=oa" rel="nofollow" class="btn btn-primary btn-lg v-offset-above-2">See Recent Oral Arguments</a> </p> </div> </div> <div class="row lg-v-offset-below-3"> <div class="col-sm-6"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12"> <h3>Supreme Court Network Visualizations&nbsp;<i class="gray fa fa-line-chart"></i> </h3> <p>Supreme Court Network Visualizations allow you to see and analyze lines of precedent in Supreme Court cases. </p> <div id="chart-4680"></div> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 v-offset-above-2"> <a href="/visualizations/gallery/" class="btn btn-lg btn-default">See Gallery</a> <p class="float-right"> <a href="/visualizations/scotus-mapper/" class="btn btn-lg btn-primary">Learn More About SCOTUS Networks</a> </p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-6"> <h3>The Numbers&nbsp;<i class="gray fa fa-pie-chart"></i></h3> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-3 text-center"> <span class="homepage-stat bold" id="stat-num-precedential-opinions">8,303,105</span> </div> <div class="col-xs-9"> <p>Number of <a href="/?order_by=dateFiled+desc" rel="nofollow">precedential opinions</a> in CourtListener.</p> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-3 text-center"> <span class="homepage-stat bold" id="stat-num-opinions-in-last-ten">9,859</span> </div> <div class="col-xs-9"><p>Case law added in last ten days.</p> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-3 text-center"> <span class="homepage-stat bold" id="stat-num-days-of-oa">2,168</span> </div> <div class="col-xs-9"> <p>Duration of all <a href="/?type=oa" rel="nofollow">oral arguments</a> in CourtListener, in days.</p> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-3 text-center"> <span class="homepage-stat bold" id="stat-num-oa-in-last-ten">258</span> </div> <div class="col-xs-9"><p>Oral arguments added in last ten days.</p> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-3 text-center"> <span class="homepage-stat bold" id="stat-num-q-in-last-ten">291,584</span> </div> <div class="col-xs-9"><p>Number of queries made in last ten days.</p> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-3 text-center"> <span class="homepage-stat bold" id="stat-num-alerts-in-last-ten">85,638</span> </div> <div class="col-xs-9"><p>Number of <a href="/faq/#explain-alerts">alert emails</a> sent in last ten days.</p> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-3 text-center"> <span class="homepage-stat bold">759,128</span> </div> <div class="col-xs-9"><p><a href="/help/api/">API calls</a> made against our system in last ten days.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row base-newsletter hidden-print"> <div class="col-sm-6"> <p class="bold bottom">Newsletter</p> <p>Sign up to receive the Free Law Project newsletter with tips and announcements.</p> </div> <div class="col-sm-6 right"> <a href="https://donate.free.law/np/clients/freelawproject/subscribe.jsp?forwardedFromSecureDomain=1&subscription=9" class="btn btn-default" tabindex="10000"> <i class="fa fa-newspaper-o"></i>&nbsp;Subscribe </a> </div> </div> <footer class="row hidden-print"> <div class="col-sm-8"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-6"> <div class="col-sm-6 no-gutter"> <div class="footer-item"> <a href="https://free.law/about/" tabindex="11000">About</a> </div> <div class="footer-item"> <a href="/help/" tabindex="11001">Help</a> &amp; 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</script> <script src="https://storage.courtlistener.com/static/js/progress-bar.d45d68bea661.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" nonce="0NvCnbFr32f9+J38IM4Tnw=="> var opinions = { "4680": { "meta": { "donate": "Please consider donating to support more projects from Free Law Project", "version": 1.1 }, "opinion_clusters": [ { "id": 110118, "absolute_url": "/opinion/110118/smith-v-maryland/", "case_name": "Smith v. 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Acevedo", "case_name_short": "Acevedo", "citation_count": 1, "date_filed": "1991-06-03", "decision_direction": 1, "votes_majority": 6, "votes_minority": 3, "scdb_id": "1990-092", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "110882": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "110901": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "111143": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "111146": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "111257": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "111666": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "111833": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "112067": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 112795, "absolute_url": "/opinion/112795/soldal-v-cook-county/", "case_name": "Soldal v. Cook County", "case_name_short": "Soldal", "citation_count": 1, "date_filed": "1992-12-08", "decision_direction": 2, "votes_majority": 9, "votes_minority": 0, "scdb_id": "1992-007", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "110901": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "111143": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "111146": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "111252": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 117936, "absolute_url": "/opinion/117936/wilson-v-arkansas/", "case_name": "Wilson v. Arkansas", "case_name_short": "Wilson", "citation_count": 1, "date_filed": "1995-05-22", "decision_direction": 2, "votes_majority": 9, "votes_minority": 0, "scdb_id": "1994-060", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "111259": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 118148, "absolute_url": "/opinion/118148/printz-v-united-states/", "case_name": "Printz v. United States", "case_name_short": "Printz", "citation_count": 1, "date_filed": "1997-06-27", "decision_direction": 1, "votes_majority": 5, "votes_minority": 4, "scdb_id": "1996-095", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "110985": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 118354, "absolute_url": "/opinion/118354/bond-v-united-states/", "case_name": "Bond v. United States", "case_name_short": "Bond", "citation_count": 1, "date_filed": "2000-04-17", "decision_direction": 2, "votes_majority": 7, "votes_minority": 2, "scdb_id": "1999-046", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "110118": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 118443, "absolute_url": "/opinion/118443/kyllo-v-united-states/", "case_name": "Kyllo v. United States", "case_name_short": "Kyllo", "citation_count": 4, "date_filed": "2001-06-11", "decision_direction": 2, "votes_majority": 5, "votes_minority": 4, "scdb_id": "2000-069", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "110118": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "111143": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "111146": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "111257": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "111667": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "111666": { "opacitiy": 1 }, "112067": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 145640, "absolute_url": "/opinion/145640/samson-v-california/", "case_name": "Samson v. California", "case_name_short": "Samson", "citation_count": 1, "date_filed": "2006-06-19", "decision_direction": 1, "votes_majority": 6, "votes_minority": 3, "scdb_id": "2005-071", "sub_opinions": [ { "type": "combined", "opinions_cited": { "110118": { "opacitiy": 1 } } } ] }, { "id": 145777, "absolute_url": "/opinion/145777/district-of-columbia-v-heller/", "case_name": "District of Columbia v. 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