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<li id="toc-Invention_of_the_game" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Invention_of_the_game"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Invention of the game</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Invention_of_the_game-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Global_spread_of_the_game" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Global_spread_of_the_game"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Global spread of the game</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Global_spread_of_the_game-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-National_and_international_competitions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#National_and_international_competitions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>National and international competitions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-National_and_international_competitions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Playing_the_game" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Playing_the_game"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Playing the game</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Playing_the_game-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Playing the game subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Playing_the_game-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Equipment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Equipment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Equipment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Equipment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-The_"ends"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_"ends""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>The "ends"</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_"ends"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Order_of_play" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Order_of_play"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Order of play</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Order_of_play-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scoring" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scoring"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Scoring</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scoring-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Miscellaneous_rules" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Miscellaneous_rules"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Miscellaneous rules</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Miscellaneous_rules-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Equipment_specifications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Equipment_specifications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Equipment specifications</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Equipment_specifications-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Equipment specifications subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Equipment_specifications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Boules" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Boules"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Boules</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Boules-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Jack" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Jack"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Jack</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Jack-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Playing_area" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Playing_area"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Playing area</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Playing_area-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Strategy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Strategy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Strategy</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Strategy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Strategy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Strategy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pointing_and_shooting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pointing_and_shooting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Pointing and shooting</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pointing_and_shooting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Throwing_a_boule" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Throwing_a_boule"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Throwing a boule</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Throwing_a_boule-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Throwing_the_jack" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Throwing_the_jack"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Throwing the jack</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Throwing_the_jack-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Glossary_of_special_terms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Glossary_of_special_terms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Glossary of special terms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Glossary_of_special_terms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Image_gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Image_gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Image gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Image_gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pétanque</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 47 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-47" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">47 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%AD%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="كرة حديدية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كرة حديدية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petanca" title="Petanca – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Petanca" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA" title="Петанк – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Петанк" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petanca" title="Petanca – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Petanca" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9tanque" title="Pétanque – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Pétanque" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petanque" title="Petanque – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Petanque" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9tanque" title="Pétanque – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Pétanque" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petank" title="Petank – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Petank" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%B4%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%83%CF%86%CE%B1%CE%AF%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%B7" title="Εδαφοσφαίριση – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εδαφοσφαίριση" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petanca" title="Petanca – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Petanca" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petanko" title="Petanko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Petanko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petanka" title="Petanka – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Petanka" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%A9" title="پتانک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پتانک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9tanque" title="Pétanque – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pétanque" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petanca" title="Petanca – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Petanca" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8E%98%ED%83%95%ED%81%AC" title="페탕크 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="페탕크" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petanque" title="Petanque – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Petanque" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9tanque" title="Pétanque – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pétanque" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9tanque" title="Pétanque – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pétanque" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%98%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A7" title="פטאנק – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פטאנק" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petanks" title="Petanks – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Petanks" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petank%C4%97" title="Petankė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Petankė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9tanque" title="Pétanque – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Pétanque" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petanque" title="Petanque – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Petanque" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9A%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B3%E3%82%AF" title="ペタンク – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ペタンク" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petanque" title="Petanque – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Petanque" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petanca" title="Petanca – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Petanca" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9tanque" title="Pétanque – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Pétanque" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9tanque" title="Pétanque – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pétanque" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petanca" title="Petanca – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Petanca" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9tanque" title="Pétanque – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pétanque" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA" title="Петанк – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Петанк" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petanque" title="Petanque – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Petanque" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9tanque" title="Pétanque – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Pétanque" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petanka" title="Petanka – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Petanka" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petanque" title="Petanque – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Petanque" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petank" title="Petank – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Petank" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petank" title="Petank – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Petank" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petankki" title="Petankki – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Petankki" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boule" title="Boule – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Boule" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%87" title="เปตอง – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เปตอง" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petank" title="Petank – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Petank" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BA" title="Петанк – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Петанк" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bi_s%E1%BA%AFt" title="Bi sắt – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bi sắt" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petanke" title="Petanke – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Petanke" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%BC%8F%E6%BB%BE%E7%90%83" title="法式滾球 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="法式滾球" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%95%E5%BC%8F%E6%BB%BE%E7%90%83" title="法式滾球 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="法式滾球" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Team bowls sport where the boule is thrown, not rolled</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn" style="padding-bottom:0.2em;">Pétanque</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Petanque_on_a_beach_of_Nice.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Petanque_on_a_beach_of_Nice.jpg/220px-Petanque_on_a_beach_of_Nice.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Petanque_on_a_beach_of_Nice.jpg/330px-Petanque_on_a_beach_of_Nice.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Petanque_on_a_beach_of_Nice.jpg/440px-Petanque_on_a_beach_of_Nice.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="800" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Pétanque players on the beach in <a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;">Highest <a href="/wiki/Sports_governing_body" title="Sports governing body">governing body</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Fédération Internationale de Pétanque et Jeu Provençal</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;">First played</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Provence" title="Provence">Provence</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#eee;">Characteristics</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;">Contact</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Non-contact</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;">Team members</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Individual, doubles and triples</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Boules" title="Boules">Boules</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;">Equipment</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Boules (balls) & cochonnet (little ball)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#eee;">Presence</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games">Olympic</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">No</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.3em; padding-right:1.0em;"><a href="/wiki/World_Games" title="World Games">World Games</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/1985_World_Games" title="1985 World Games">1985</a>–present</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Pétanque</b> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[petɑ̃k]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/c\/c9\/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Jules78120-p%C3%A9tanque.wav\/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Jules78120-p%C3%A9tanque.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"LL-Q150 (fra)-Jules78120-p\u00e9tanque.wav"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c9/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Jules78120-p%C3%A9tanque.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Jules78120-p%C3%A9tanque.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:LL-Q150_(fra)-Jules78120-p%C3%A9tanque.wav" title="File:LL-Q150 (fra)-Jules78120-pétanque.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/Meridional_French" title="Meridional French">locally in Provence</a></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[peˈtãᵑkə]</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language">Occitan</a>: <i lang="oc">petanca</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="oc-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Occitan" title="Help:IPA/Occitan">[peˈtaŋkɔ]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/e\/e8\/LL-Q14185_%28oci%29-Davidgrosclaude-petanca.wav\/LL-Q14185_%28oci%29-Davidgrosclaude-petanca.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"LL-Q14185 (oci)-Davidgrosclaude-petanca.wav"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e8/LL-Q14185_%28oci%29-Davidgrosclaude-petanca.wav/LL-Q14185_%28oci%29-Davidgrosclaude-petanca.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:LL-Q14185_(oci)-Davidgrosclaude-petanca.wav" title="File:LL-Q14185 (oci)-Davidgrosclaude-petanca.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Catalan_language" title="Catalan language">Catalan</a>: <i lang="ca">petanca</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ca-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Catalan" title="Help:IPA/Catalan">[pəˈtaŋkə,<span class="wrap"> </span>peˈtaŋka]</a></span>) is a sport that falls into the category of <a href="/wiki/Boules" title="Boules">boules</a> sports (along with <a href="/wiki/Raffa_(boules)" title="Raffa (boules)">raffa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bocce" title="Bocce">bocce</a>, <a href="/wiki/Boule_lyonnaise" class="mw-redirect" title="Boule lyonnaise">boule lyonnaise</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bowls" title="Bowls">lawn bowls</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Crown_green_bowls" title="Crown green bowls">crown green bowling</a>). In these sports, players or teams play their boules/balls towards a target ball.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In pétanque the objective is to score points by having boules closer to the target than the opponent after all boules have been thrown. This is achieved by throwing or rolling boules closer to the small target ball, officially called a <i>jack</i><sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>: <i lang="fr">cochonnet</i>),<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or by hitting the opponents' boules away from the target, while standing inside a circle with both feet on the ground. The game is normally and best played on hard dirt or gravel. It can be played in public areas in parks or in dedicated facilities called <i>boulodromes</i>. </p><p>The current form of the game was codified in 1907 or 1910 in <a href="/wiki/La_Ciotat" title="La Ciotat">La Ciotat</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Provence" title="Provence">Provence</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>. The French name <i>pétanque</i> (borrowed into English, with or without the acute accent) comes from <i>petanca</i> in the <a href="/wiki/Proven%C3%A7al_dialect" title="Provençal dialect">Provençal dialect</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language">Occitan</a> language, deriving from the expression <i>pè tancat</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="oc-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Occitan" title="Help:IPA/Occitan">[ˈpɛ<span class="wrap"> </span>taŋˈkat]</a></span>, meaning 'foot fixed' or 'foot planted' (on the ground). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%A9tanque&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Invention_of_the_game">Invention of the game</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%A9tanque&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Invention of the game"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Joueurs_de_boules_sur_les_Champs-Elys%C3%A9es.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Joueurs_de_boules_sur_les_Champs-Elys%C3%A9es.jpg/220px-Joueurs_de_boules_sur_les_Champs-Elys%C3%A9es.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Joueurs_de_boules_sur_les_Champs-Elys%C3%A9es.jpg/330px-Joueurs_de_boules_sur_les_Champs-Elys%C3%A9es.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Joueurs_de_boules_sur_les_Champs-Elys%C3%A9es.jpg/440px-Joueurs_de_boules_sur_les_Champs-Elys%C3%A9es.jpg 2x" data-file-width="638" data-file-height="251" /></a><figcaption>Boules players on the Champs-Élysées around 1840</figcaption></figure> <p>Boules games have <a href="/wiki/Boules#Boules_games_in_history" title="Boules">a very long history</a>, dating back through the Middle Ages to ancient Rome, and before that to ancient Greece and Egypt. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gavarni_-_Le_joueur_de_boules_1858.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Gavarni_-_Le_joueur_de_boules_1858.jpg/220px-Gavarni_-_Le_joueur_de_boules_1858.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Gavarni_-_Le_joueur_de_boules_1858.jpg/330px-Gavarni_-_Le_joueur_de_boules_1858.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Gavarni_-_Le_joueur_de_boules_1858.jpg/440px-Gavarni_-_Le_joueur_de_boules_1858.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1094" data-file-height="1391" /></a><figcaption>Boules player, by <a href="/wiki/Paul_Gavarni" title="Paul Gavarni">Paul Gavarny</a>, 1858</figcaption></figure> <p>In France in the second half of the 19th century, a form of boules known as <a href="/wiki/Jeu_Proven%C3%A7al" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeu Provençal"><i>jeu provençal</i></a> (or <i>boule lyonnaise</i>) was extremely popular. In this form of the game, players rolled their boules or ran three steps before throwing a boule. Pétanque originally developed as an offshoot or variant of <i>jeu provençal</i> in 1910, in what is now called the <i>Jules Lenoir Boulodrome</i> in the town of <a href="/wiki/La_Ciotat" title="La Ciotat">La Ciotat</a> near Marseilles. A former <i>jeu provençal</i> player named Jules Lenoir was afflicted by rheumatism so severe that he could no longer run before throwing a boule. In fact, he could barely stand. A good friend named Ernest Pitiot was a local café owner. In order to accommodate his friend Lenoir, Pitiot developed a variant form of the game in which the length of the pitch or field was reduced by roughly half, and a player, instead of running to throw a boule, stood, stationary, in a circle. They called the game <i>pieds tanqués</i>, "feet planted" (on the ground), a name that eventually evolved into the game's current name, <i>pétanque</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first pétanque tournament was organized by Ernest Pitiot, along with his brother Joseph Pitiot, in 1910 in La Ciotat. The game spread quickly and soon became the most popular form of boules in France. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:P%C3%A9tanque_players_in_Cannes_(France)_2003.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/P%C3%A9tanque_players_in_Cannes_%28France%29_2003.jpg/220px-P%C3%A9tanque_players_in_Cannes_%28France%29_2003.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/P%C3%A9tanque_players_in_Cannes_%28France%29_2003.jpg/330px-P%C3%A9tanque_players_in_Cannes_%28France%29_2003.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/P%C3%A9tanque_players_in_Cannes_%28France%29_2003.jpg/440px-P%C3%A9tanque_players_in_Cannes_%28France%29_2003.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Pétanque players in <a href="/wiki/Cannes" title="Cannes">Cannes</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Before the mid-1800s, European boules games were played with solid wooden balls, usually made from boxwood root, a very hard wood. The late 1800s saw the introduction of cheap mass-manufactured nails, and wooden boules gradually began to be covered with nails, producing <i>boules cloutées</i> ("nailed boules"). After World War I, <a href="/wiki/Round_shot" title="Round shot">cannonball</a> manufacturing technology was adapted to allow the manufacture of hollow, all-metal boules. The first all-metal boule, <i>la Boule Intégrale</i>, was introduced in the mid-1920s by Paul Courtieu. The <i>Intégrale</i> was cast in a single piece from a bronze-aluminum alloy. Shortly thereafter, Jean Blanc invented a process of manufacturing steel boules by stamping two steel blanks into hemispheres and then welding the two hemispheres together to create a boule. With this technological advance, hollow all-metal balls rapidly became the norm. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Global_spread_of_the_game">Global spread of the game</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%A9tanque&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Global spread of the game"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:P%C3%A9tanque_being_played_indoor_in_Rotterdam..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/P%C3%A9tanque_being_played_indoor_in_Rotterdam..jpg/170px-P%C3%A9tanque_being_played_indoor_in_Rotterdam..jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/P%C3%A9tanque_being_played_indoor_in_Rotterdam..jpg/255px-P%C3%A9tanque_being_played_indoor_in_Rotterdam..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/P%C3%A9tanque_being_played_indoor_in_Rotterdam..jpg/340px-P%C3%A9tanque_being_played_indoor_in_Rotterdam..jpg 2x" data-file-width="3480" data-file-height="4640" /></a><figcaption>Pétanque being played indoors at an IBA reunion in <a href="/wiki/Rotterdam" title="Rotterdam">Rotterdam</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a></figcaption></figure> <p>After the development of the all-metal boule, pétanque spread rapidly from Provence to the rest of France, then to the rest of Europe, and then to Francophone colonies and countries around the globe. Today, many countries have their own national governing bodies. </p><p>In France, the <i>Fédération Française de Pétanque et Jeu Provençal</i> (FFPJP) has over 300,000 licensed members. </p><p>There are strong national federations in Germany, Spain and England. Pétanque is actively played in many nations with histories of <a href="/wiki/French_colonialism" class="mw-redirect" title="French colonialism">French colonial</a> influence, especially in <a href="/wiki/Southeast_Asia" title="Southeast Asia">Southeast Asia</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Puducherry_(union_territory)" title="Puducherry (union territory)">Puducherry</a> in <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a>, as well as some parts of <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">Africa</a>. The sport is also popular in Madagascar and Thailand. </p><p>Pétanque was featured at the <a href="/wiki/2015_All-Africa_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="2015 All-Africa Games">2015 All-Africa Games</a> hosted by the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo" title="Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a>, a former French colony.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pétanque is not widely played in the Americas. There is a Canadian pétanque federation based in <a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%A9bec" class="mw-redirect" title="Québec">Québec</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, the Federation of Pétanque USA (FPUSA) reports that about 30,000 play nationwide. As of 1 December 2015, FPUSA counted 2141 members in the US, in 52 affiliated clubs.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the international level, the <a href="/wiki/Sport_governing_body" class="mw-redirect" title="Sport governing body">governing body</a> of pétanque is the <i>Fédération Internationale de Pétanque et Jeu Provençal</i> (FIPJP). It was founded in 1958 in <a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a> and has almost 800,000 members as of 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="National_and_international_competitions">National and international competitions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%A9tanque&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: National and international competitions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:THA_vs_LAO_-_Petanque_W3s_2019_Southeast_Asian_Games.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/THA_vs_LAO_-_Petanque_W3s_2019_Southeast_Asian_Games.jpg/220px-THA_vs_LAO_-_Petanque_W3s_2019_Southeast_Asian_Games.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/THA_vs_LAO_-_Petanque_W3s_2019_Southeast_Asian_Games.jpg/330px-THA_vs_LAO_-_Petanque_W3s_2019_Southeast_Asian_Games.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/THA_vs_LAO_-_Petanque_W3s_2019_Southeast_Asian_Games.jpg/440px-THA_vs_LAO_-_Petanque_W3s_2019_Southeast_Asian_Games.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4160" data-file-height="3120" /></a><figcaption>Pétanque at the <a href="/wiki/2019_Southeast_Asian_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 Southeast Asian Games">2019 Southeast Asian Games</a></figcaption></figure> <p>There are a number of important world championship tournaments. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9tanque_World_Championships" title="Pétanque World Championships">FIPJP world championships</a> take place every two years. Men's championships are held in even-numbered years, while Women's and Youth championships are held in odd-numbered years.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Perhaps the best-known international championship is the <i><a href="/wiki/Mondial_la_Marseillaise_%C3%A0_P%C3%A9tanque" title="Mondial la Marseillaise à Pétanque">Mondial la Marseillaise à Pétanque</a></i>, which takes place every year in <a href="/wiki/Marseille,_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Marseille, France">Marseille, France</a>, with more than 10,000 participants and more than 150,000 spectators.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The largest annual tournament in the United States is the Pétanque Amelia Island Open (formerly the Pétanque America Open), held in each year in November at <a href="/wiki/Amelia_Island,_Florida" class="mw-redirect" title="Amelia Island, Florida">Amelia Island, Florida</a>. </p><p>Pétanque will be making its debut as an <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games">Olympic</a> sport at the <a href="/wiki/2026_Summer_Youth_Olympics" title="2026 Summer Youth Olympics">2026 Summer Youth Olympics</a> in <a href="/wiki/Dakar" title="Dakar">Dakar</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup>, although the <a href="/wiki/Conf%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Mondiale_des_Sports_de_Boules" title="Confédération Mondiale des Sports de Boules">Confédération Mondiale des Sports de Boules</a>—which was created in 1985 by several international boules organizations specifically for this purpose—has been lobbying the Olympic committee since 1985 to make it part of the Olympic Games.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pétanque has appeared in every edition of <a href="/wiki/World_Games" title="World Games">The World Games</a> from 1985 onward. The <a href="/wiki/2022_World_Games" title="2022 World Games">2022 World Games</a> in the United States included women’s pétanque, the first time that only women's events were held as part of the boules sports programme at The World Games. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Playing_the_game">Playing the game</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%A9tanque&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Playing the game"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Based on the rules of the <i>Fédération Internationale de Pétanque & Jeu Provençal</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Equipment">Equipment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%A9tanque&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Equipment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pétanque is played by two teams, each comprising one, two, or three players. In the singles and doubles games, each player plays with three metal boules. In triples, each player uses only two. </p><p>The area where a game of pétanque is played is called a <i>terrain</i>. A game can be played in an open area such as a public park, where the boundaries of the terrain are not marked, or more formally on a "marked terrain" where the terrain boundaries are marked (traditionally, by strings tightly strung between nails driven into the ground). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Petanque_-_throwing_from_the_circle.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Petanque_-_throwing_from_the_circle.jpg/170px-Petanque_-_throwing_from_the_circle.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Petanque_-_throwing_from_the_circle.jpg/255px-Petanque_-_throwing_from_the_circle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Petanque_-_throwing_from_the_circle.jpg/340px-Petanque_-_throwing_from_the_circle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="792" data-file-height="1335" /></a><figcaption>Pétanque player throwing from a prefabricated circle</figcaption></figure> <p>In pétanque, players throw while standing in a circle (<i>cercle</i>). Traditionally, this was simply scratched in the dirt. From around 2005, red plastic "prefabricated" circles were introduced and are now widely used in formal games. A circle drawn on the ground must be 35–50 cm (14–20 in) in diameter, while a plastic circle must have an inside diameter of 50 cm (20 in). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="The_"ends""><span id="The_.22ends.22"></span>The "ends"</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%A9tanque&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: The "ends""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A game consists of several "ends" (<i>mènes</i>). An end consists of the throwing out of the jack (<i>cochonnet</i>, the little wooden target ball), followed by the two teams throwing their boules. After both teams have thrown all of their boules, the team with the boule closest to the jack wins the end. The winning team scores one point for each of its boules that is closer than the opposing team's closest boule. That means that the winning team could in theory score as many as six points in an end, although a score of one or two points is more typical. As the game progresses, each team accumulates points until one of the teams reaches 13, the winning number of points. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Order_of_play">Order of play</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%A9tanque&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Order of play"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A game begins with a coin toss to determine which team plays first. The team that wins the toss begins the game by placing the circle, then standing in the circle and throwing the jack to a distance of 6–10 metres (20–33 ft). A player from the team that threw the jack throws the first boule. Then a player from the opposing team throws a boule. From that point on, the team with the boule that is closest to the jack is said to "have the point". The team that does <i><b>not</b></i> have the point throws the next boule. That team continues to throw boules until it either gains the point, or runs out of boules. </p><p>If at any point the closest boules from each team are equidistant from the jack, then the team that threw the last boule throws again. If the boules are still equidistant then the teams play alternately until the tie is broken. If the boules are still equidistant at the end of the <i>mène</i> then neither team scores any points. </p><p>The team that won the end starts the next end. A player from the winning team places (or draws) a circle around the jack. The player then picks up the jack, stands in the circle, and throws the jack to start the next end. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scoring">Scoring</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%A9tanque&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Scoring"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Petanque_scoring_example_1_point.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Petanque_scoring_example_1_point.png/220px-Petanque_scoring_example_1_point.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Petanque_scoring_example_1_point.png/330px-Petanque_scoring_example_1_point.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Petanque_scoring_example_1_point.png/440px-Petanque_scoring_example_1_point.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>Team Red has the boule closest to the jack and the second-closest boule belongs to Team Blue. Red scores one point. Blue scores nothing.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Petanque_scoring_example_2_points.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Petanque_scoring_example_2_points.png/220px-Petanque_scoring_example_2_points.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Petanque_scoring_example_2_points.png/330px-Petanque_scoring_example_2_points.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Petanque_scoring_example_2_points.png/440px-Petanque_scoring_example_2_points.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>Team Red has two boules closer than Team Blue's closest boule. Red scores two points. Blue scores nothing.</figcaption></figure> <p>An end is complete when both teams have played all of their boules, or when the jack is knocked out of play (goes "dead"). </p><p>If the end finishes in the usual way—with the jack still live and one team with the closest boule—then the team with the closest boule wins the end and scores one point for each of its boules that is closer to the jack than other team's closest boule. </p><p>If the jack is live but there is an "equidistant boules" situation at the end of the <i>mène</i>, then neither team scores any points. If the jack is dead at the finish of the end, then if one (and only one) team still has boules left to play, that team scores one point for each boule that it still has in hand. Otherwise neither team scores any points in the end (like an inning in baseball in which neither team scores any runs). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Miscellaneous_rules">Miscellaneous rules</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%A9tanque&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Miscellaneous rules"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Boules can be thrown in any way that the player wishes, but the traditional way is to hold the boule with the palm of the hand downwards, and then to throw with an under-arm swing of the arm ending in an upward flick of the wrist. Throwing this way puts backspin on the boule and gives the player the maximum amount of control and flexibility when throwing.</li> <li>The boule can be rolled, thrown to a moderate height, or even thrown to a great height (a high lob or <i>portée</i>).</li> <li>Players usually carry a tape measure for measuring close points.</li> <li>At the beginning of an end, before throwing the jack, if there isn't enough room for the player to throw the jack to the maximum legal distance of 10 metres (33 ft), then the player is allowed to move the circle back to a point where there <i>is</i> enough room.</li> <li>On a terrain with boundaries marked with strings, a boule or jack must <i>completely</i> cross the boundary string before it is considered to be out-of-bounds and dead.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Equipment_specifications">Equipment specifications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%A9tanque&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Equipment specifications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boule.kugel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Boule.kugel.jpg/220px-Boule.kugel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Boule.kugel.jpg/330px-Boule.kugel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Boule.kugel.jpg/440px-Boule.kugel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="384" /></a><figcaption>Jack (<i>cochonnet</i>) and boule</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Boules">Boules</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%A9tanque&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Boules"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Leisure boules</b> are boules that do not meet the FIPJP standards for competition boules, but are less expensive than competition boules and completely adequate for "backyard" games. Unlike competition boules, leisure boules are a "one size fits all" affair—they come in one weight and size. </p><p><b>Competition boules</b> must meet specifications set by the FIPJP. They must be hollow and made of metal (usually steel) with a diameter between 70.5 and 80 mm (2.78 and 3.15 in) and a weight between 650 and 800 g (23 and 28 oz). When purchasing competition boules, a purchaser has a choice of a number of characteristics, including the size, weight, and hardness of the boules, as well as the striations (patterned grooves on the surface of the boules).<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Jack">Jack</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%A9tanque&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Jack"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The jack, or target ball, is a small ball made of wood, traditionally boxwood or beechwood, 30 mm (1.2 in) in diameter.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the past, jacks were often left "natural"—unfinished or with a clear finish—but nowadays they are often painted in bright colours. In French, the jack is known by a variety of names, including <i>but</i> (goal or target), <i>cochonnet</i> (piglet), <i>bouchon</i> ("little ball" in <a href="/wiki/Proven%C3%A7al_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Provençal language">provençal language</a>, not related to the French word "bouchon" that designates a bottle stopper), <i>le petit</i> (the little one), and <i>gari</i> ("<a href="/wiki/Rat" title="Rat">rat</a>", also in provençal language). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Playing_area">Playing area</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%A9tanque&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Playing area"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pétanque can be played on almost any flat, open space. The ground may be irregular and interrupted by trees or rocks, and the surface is likely to be uneven, with some areas hard and smooth and other areas rough and stony. When an area is constructed specifically for the purposes of playing pétanque, the playing surface is typically loose gravel, <a href="/wiki/Decomposed_granite" title="Decomposed granite">decomposed granite</a>, brick grog or crushed sea shell. Sandy beaches are not suitable, although light plastic boules are sometimes used to adapt the game for the beach. There is no requirement for backboards or sideboards (as in bocce), but dedicated playing areas are often enclosed in boards or some other structural barrier. </p><p>In France, village squares and park pathways are often used as pétanque playing areas. In addition, many towns have recreational facilities (<i>boulodromes</i>) constructed specifically for playing pétanque. </p><p>An area where a single pétanque game is played is called a <i>terrain</i>. A "playing area" (<i>aire de jeu</i>) is an area containing one or more terrains. For tournaments, a large playing area is subdivided and marked off (typically using nails and string) into rectangular <i>marked terrains</i> (also known as "lanes" (<i>cadres</i>) or "pistes") so that multiple games may be carried on simultaneously. For tournament play, a marked terrain is a rectangle at least 4 metres (13 ft) wide and 15 metres (49 ft) long.<sup id="cite_ref-obutrules_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-obutrules-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Strategy">Strategy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%A9tanque&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Strategy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pointing_and_shooting">Pointing and shooting</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%A9tanque&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Pointing and shooting"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Generally speaking, a player throws a boule with one of two objectives:<sup id="cite_ref-obutrules_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-obutrules-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>To make the boule come to rest in a particular spot, usually as close as possible to the jack. This is called <i>pointing</i>.</li> <li>To make the boule directly hit an opponent's boule with the aim of knocking it away from the jack. This is called <i>shooting</i>.</li></ul> <p>The best throw is called a <i>carreau</i>. It is a shot that knocks away the opponent's boule, leaving the thrown boule exactly in its place.<sup id="cite_ref-obut_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-obut-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Players who are skilful enough to shoot effectively are called 'shooters' (<i>tireurs</i>); players who usually point are called 'pointers' (<i>pointeurs</i>) As a matter of strategy, pointers play first and shooters are held in reserve in case the opponents place well. Good pointing is what scores points, but national and international championships are usually dominated by skilful shooters, who target any opposing boule that comes close to scoring. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Throwing_a_boule">Throwing a boule</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%A9tanque&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Throwing a boule"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some strategic considerations involved in the throw of a boule include: </p> <ul><li>A traditional maxim is <i>boule devant, boule d'argent</i> ("A ball in front is a money ball."). A boule located closer to the player than the jack ("in front of the jack") is much more valuable than one behind the jack. A boule in front blocks the opposing team from easy access to the jack, and it may also (intentionally or accidentally) be hit and pushed closer to the jack.</li> <li>If a player points a boule <i>very</i> close to the jack, it forces the opposing shooter to shoot it immediately. This may prove to be a disadvantage to a pointer who wants to keep that boule, or it can be advantageous if the pointer is trying to force the opposing shooter to exhaust their supply of boules.</li> <li>It is generally a bad idea for a player to shoot with their team's last boule. In most cases, the better strategy is to "limit the damage" by pointing the team's last boule close enough to the jack to limit the opposing team's gains to a single point.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Throwing_the_jack">Throwing the jack</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%A9tanque&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Throwing the jack"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Strategic considerations involved in the throw of the jack include: </p> <ul><li>Throw the jack to a distance at which your own shooter is most comfortable, or the opposing shooter is least comfortable.</li> <li>Aim for a location on the terrain that your own pointers prefer, or that might be difficult for the opposing team's pointers.</li> <li>Disorient the opposing team by refusing to get in a rut. At each opportunity, throw the jack to a new position on the terrain, and alternate long and short distances.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Glossary_of_special_terms">Glossary of special terms</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%A9tanque&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Glossary of special terms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the following glossary, the French word or phrase is given in <a href="/wiki/Bracket" title="Bracket">brackets</a> unless it is the same: </p> <ul><li><b>join battle</b> (<i>arriver a bataille</i>). When both teams have 10 or 11 points and the game may go either way on each lead.<sup id="cite_ref-obut_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-obut-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>bombard</b>. To shoot or strike an opponent's boules one after another, after they had taken the lead.<sup id="cite_ref-obut_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-obut-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><b>boule devant, boule d'argent</b></i>. "A ball in front is a money ball". This maxim reminds players that when pointing, the most valuable place for a boule is in front of the jack. In that location, it prevents opponents from throwing directly toward the jack, and hitting it will push it even closer to the jack.</li> <li><b>jack</b> (<i>but</i>, also <i>bouchon, cochonnet, petit, gari</i> or <i>kiki</i>). The small wooden or plastic target ball.<sup id="cite_ref-obut_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-obut-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><b>carambolage</b></i> Shot that knocks away several boules. Literally "pile-up".<sup id="cite_ref-obut_14-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-obut-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>circle</b> (<i>cercle</i> or <i>rond</i>). The marked area from within which the boules are thrown.<sup id="cite_ref-obut_14-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-obut-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><b>demarquer</b></i> ("unscore"). To drop a point when pointing or shooting.<sup id="cite_ref-obut_14-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-obut-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><b>fuser</b></i>. A boule that bounces off course.<sup id="cite_ref-obut_14-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-obut-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>have the point</b>. A team is said to "have the point" if one of its boules is closer to the jack than any of the opposing team's boules. A team that has the point is basically in a winning position, so the team that does NOT have the point throws the next boule and attempts to gain the point.<sup id="cite_ref-obut_14-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-obut-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><b>mene</b></i>. "End" i.e. the period of play from the throw of a jack to the point when both teams have played all their boules.<sup id="cite_ref-obut_14-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-obut-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>point</b> To throw one's boule with the intent of stopping near the jack (also known as placing).<sup id="cite_ref-obutrules_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-obutrules-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i><b>pousette</b></i>. A shot that pushes one's team's boules nearer the jack; or to that pushes the jack.<sup id="cite_ref-obut_14-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-obut-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>shoot</b> To throw one's boule at an opponent's boule (or at the jack) in an attempt to knock it out of play. When the opposing team has a boule positioned very close to the jack, often the best strategy is to attempt to shoot it. A team in a desperate situation may attempt to save itself by shooting the jack out of bounds.<sup id="cite_ref-obutrules_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-obutrules-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>lob</b> (<i>portée</i>) A boule thrown in a high arc so that when it lands it only rolls a short distance.</li> <li><i><b>carreau</b></i> (pronounced <i>carrow</i>). A shot that knocks an opposing boule away from the jack and replaces it (in very nearly the same spot) with the thrower's own boule. Basically, the perfect shot.<sup id="cite_ref-obut_14-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-obut-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fanny_Le_Rituel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Fanny_Le_Rituel.jpg/220px-Fanny_Le_Rituel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Fanny_Le_Rituel.jpg/330px-Fanny_Le_Rituel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Fanny_Le_Rituel.jpg/440px-Fanny_Le_Rituel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="909" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>A man kissing Fanny</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><b>fanny</b> (<i>mettre fanny</i>). To lose a game without scoring any points; a shutout game. When a player loses 13 to 0, he is said to <i>fanny</i> ("<i>il est fanny</i>", he's fanny, or "<i>il a fait fanny</i>", he made fanny) and must kiss the bottom of a girl named Fanny. Virtually everywhere in Provence where pétanque is played, you will find a picture, woodcarving, or pottery figure of a bare-bottomed young woman named Fanny. Often, the team that "made fanny" has to buy a round of drinks for the winning team ("<i>Fanny paie à boire !</i>", "the fanny pays for the drinks!").<sup id="cite_ref-obut_14-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-obut-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Image_gallery">Image gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%A9tanque&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Image gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P%C3%A9tanque_a_Aigues-Mortes-France.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Playing pétanque in the late afternoon at Aigues-Mortes"><img alt="Playing pétanque in the late afternoon at Aigues-Mortes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/P%C3%A9tanque_a_Aigues-Mortes-France.JPG/120px-P%C3%A9tanque_a_Aigues-Mortes-France.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/P%C3%A9tanque_a_Aigues-Mortes-France.JPG/180px-P%C3%A9tanque_a_Aigues-Mortes-France.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/P%C3%A9tanque_a_Aigues-Mortes-France.JPG/240px-P%C3%A9tanque_a_Aigues-Mortes-France.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Playing pétanque in the late afternoon at <a href="/wiki/Aigues-Mortes" title="Aigues-Mortes">Aigues-Mortes</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Toulon_Playing_Boules.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Men playing pétanque next to the Fort St. Louis in Toulon."><img alt="Men playing pétanque next to the Fort St. Louis in Toulon." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Toulon_Playing_Boules.jpg/120px-Toulon_Playing_Boules.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Toulon_Playing_Boules.jpg/180px-Toulon_Playing_Boules.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Toulon_Playing_Boules.jpg/240px-Toulon_Playing_Boules.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Men playing pétanque next to the Fort St. Louis in <a href="/wiki/Toulon" title="Toulon">Toulon</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:P%C3%A9tanque_Championnats_du_monde_%C3%A0_Grenoble_(308551840).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The 2006 Pétanque World Championship in Grenoble, France"><img alt="The 2006 Pétanque World Championship in Grenoble, France" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/P%C3%A9tanque_Championnats_du_monde_%C3%A0_Grenoble_%28308551840%29.jpg/120px-P%C3%A9tanque_Championnats_du_monde_%C3%A0_Grenoble_%28308551840%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/P%C3%A9tanque_Championnats_du_monde_%C3%A0_Grenoble_%28308551840%29.jpg/180px-P%C3%A9tanque_Championnats_du_monde_%C3%A0_Grenoble_%28308551840%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/P%C3%A9tanque_Championnats_du_monde_%C3%A0_Grenoble_%28308551840%29.jpg/240px-P%C3%A9tanque_Championnats_du_monde_%C3%A0_Grenoble_%28308551840%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="333" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The 2006 Pétanque World Championship in <a href="/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble">Grenoble</a>, France</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Petanque_batignolles.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Action on the Pétanque field in Batignolles."><img alt="Action on the Pétanque field in Batignolles." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Petanque_batignolles.jpg/120px-Petanque_batignolles.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Petanque_batignolles.jpg/180px-Petanque_batignolles.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Petanque_batignolles.jpg/240px-Petanque_batignolles.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2254" data-file-height="984" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Action on the Pétanque field in <a href="/wiki/Batignolles" title="Batignolles">Batignolles</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Petanque_in_brighton.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Players of the Brighton & Hove Pétanque Club on the Peace Statue Terrain, Brighton & Hove, UK"><img alt="Players of the Brighton & Hove Pétanque Club on the Peace Statue Terrain, Brighton & Hove, UK" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Petanque_in_brighton.JPG/120px-Petanque_in_brighton.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Petanque_in_brighton.JPG/180px-Petanque_in_brighton.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c1/Petanque_in_brighton.JPG/240px-Petanque_in_brighton.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Players of the Brighton & Hove Pétanque Club on the Peace Statue Terrain, <a href="/wiki/Brighton_%26_Hove" class="mw-redirect" title="Brighton & Hove">Brighton & Hove</a>, <a href="/wiki/UK" class="mw-redirect" title="UK">UK</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Boulespieler_am_Hafen_von_Bonifacio_im_August_1975_(retouched).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pétanque players at the port of Bonifacio in 1975"><img alt="Pétanque players at the port of Bonifacio in 1975" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Boulespieler_am_Hafen_von_Bonifacio_im_August_1975_%28retouched%29.jpg/120px-Boulespieler_am_Hafen_von_Bonifacio_im_August_1975_%28retouched%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Boulespieler_am_Hafen_von_Bonifacio_im_August_1975_%28retouched%29.jpg/180px-Boulespieler_am_Hafen_von_Bonifacio_im_August_1975_%28retouched%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Boulespieler_am_Hafen_von_Bonifacio_im_August_1975_%28retouched%29.jpg/240px-Boulespieler_am_Hafen_von_Bonifacio_im_August_1975_%28retouched%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3696" data-file-height="2464" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pétanque players at the port of <a href="/wiki/Bonifacio,_Corse-du-Sud" title="Bonifacio, Corse-du-Sud">Bonifacio</a> in 1975</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Boule_-_Ystads_Sandskog_-_Ystad-2022.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pétanque is a popular game among pensioners, here in Ystad 2022."><img alt="Pétanque is a popular game among pensioners, here in Ystad 2022." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Boule_-_Ystads_Sandskog_-_Ystad-2022.jpg/120px-Boule_-_Ystads_Sandskog_-_Ystad-2022.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Boule_-_Ystads_Sandskog_-_Ystad-2022.jpg/180px-Boule_-_Ystads_Sandskog_-_Ystad-2022.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Boule_-_Ystads_Sandskog_-_Ystad-2022.jpg/240px-Boule_-_Ystads_Sandskog_-_Ystad-2022.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1900" data-file-height="947" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Pétanque is a popular game among <a href="/wiki/Pensioner" title="Pensioner">pensioners</a>, here in <a href="/wiki/Ystad" title="Ystad">Ystad</a> 2022.</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%A9tanque&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boules" title="Boules">Boules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bocce" title="Bocce">Bocce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boccia" title="Boccia">Boccia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curling" title="Curling">Curling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kubb" title="Kubb">Kubb</a>, a Swedish throwing game</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowls" title="Bowls">Bowls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolas_criollas" title="Bolas criollas">Bolas criollas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9tanque_World_Championships" title="Pétanque World Championships">Pétanque World Championships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mondial_la_Marseillaise_%C3%A0_P%C3%A9tanque" title="Mondial la Marseillaise à Pétanque">Mondial la Marseillaise à Pétanque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_p%C3%A9tanque_championships" title="Swedish pétanque championships">Swedish pétanque championships</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tejo_(sporty)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tejo (sporty)">Tejo</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%A9tanque&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thisispetanque.com/what-is-petanque.html">"What is Petanque"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+is+Petanque&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthisispetanque.com%2Fwhat-is-petanque.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP%C3%A9tanque" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fipjp.org/images/2021/reglements/Official_Rules_Petanque-En.pdf">"OFFICIAL RULES FOR THE SPORT OF PÉTANQUE"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Fédération Internationale de Pétanque & Jeu Provençal</i>. 1 December 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210227211202/https://fipjp.org/images/2021/reglements/Official_Rules_Petanque-En.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 27 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration+Internationale+de+P%C3%A9tanque+%26+Jeu+Proven%C3%A7al&rft.atitle=OFFICIAL+RULES+FOR+THE+SPORT+OF+P%C3%89TANQUE&rft.date=2020-12-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffipjp.org%2Fimages%2F2021%2Freglements%2FOfficial_Rules_Petanque-En.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP%C3%A9tanque" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The jack, or cochonnet, is also sometimes called a <i>bouchon</i> (literally "little ball", from the <a href="/wiki/Occitan_language" title="Occitan language">Occitan</a> <i>bochon</i>) or <i>le petit</i> ("the small one").</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGiol2011" class="citation journal cs1">Giol, Charles (November 2011). "La pétanque". <i>Historia</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Historia&rft.atitle=La+p%C3%A9tanque&rft.date=2011-11&rft.aulast=Giol&rft.aufirst=Charles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP%C3%A9tanque" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOkambaImray" class="citation web cs1">Okamba, Louis; Imray, Gerald. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.timesunion.com/sports/article/All-Africa-Games-return-to-roots-in-Republic-of-6486997.php">"All Africa Games return to roots in Republic of Congo"</a>. <i>Times Union</i>. Associated Press<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Times+Union&rft.atitle=All+Africa+Games+return+to+roots+in+Republic+of+Congo&rft.aulast=Okamba&rft.aufirst=Louis&rft.au=Imray%2C+Gerald&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesunion.com%2Fsports%2Farticle%2FAll-Africa-Games-return-to-roots-in-Republic-of-6486997.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP%C3%A9tanque" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">FPUSA 2015/16. Annual Publication of the Federation of Petanque, USA</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fipjp.org/index.php/en/f-i-p-j-p/who-are-we">"Who are we ?"</a>. <i>fipjp.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=fipjp.org&rft.atitle=Who+are+we+%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffipjp.org%2Findex.php%2Fen%2Ff-i-p-j-p%2Fwho-are-we&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP%C3%A9tanque" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fipjp.com/en/world-championships"><i>Les Championnats du Monde de Pétanque </i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121215041507/http://www.fipjp.com/en/world-championships">Archived</a> 2012-12-15 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at the FIPJP web site.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140323224900/http://www.flyprovence.com/en/Mondial_La_Marseillaise_a_Petanque_-agenda-sports-215-13.html">"Mondial La Marseillaise à Pétanque"</a> (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.flyprovence.com/en/Mondial_La_Marseillaise_a_Petanque_-agenda-sports-215-13.html">the original</a> on 23 March 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mondial+La+Marseillaise+%C3%A0+P%C3%A9tanque&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.flyprovence.com%2Fen%2FMondial_La_Marseillaise_a_Petanque_-agenda-sports-215-13.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AP%C3%A9tanque" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fipjp.com/en/modern_history">History of the FIPJP</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120810000056/http://www.fipjp.com/en/modern_history">Archived</a> 2012-08-10 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> at the FIPJP web site.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fipjp.org/images/pdf/reglement_agrementBoules_2020.pdf"><i>Fédération Internationale de Pétanque et Jeu Provençal</i></a> at fipjp.org. Retrieved 24 August 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In 2002 the FIPJP began certifying non-wooden "synthetic" or "resin" jacks, and in 2013 began certifying synthetic jacks capable of being picked up by a magnet. In 2016, however, synthetic jacks were effectively outlawed because of their weight. For a review of the evolution of the rules governing the jack, see <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://petanquerules.wordpress.com/2015/02/15/evolution-of-the-jack/">https://petanquerules.wordpress.com/2015/02/15/evolution-of-the-jack/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-obutrules-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-obutrules_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-obutrules_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-obutrules_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-obutrules_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.obut.com/en/rules-of-the-game-of-petanque"><i>Rules of Pétanque</i></a> at obut.com. Retrieved 24 August 2022.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-obut-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-obut_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-obut_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-obut_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-obut_14-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-obut_14-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-obut_14-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-obut_14-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-obut_14-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-obut_14-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-obut_14-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-obut_14-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-obut_14-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-obut_14-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.obut.com/en/glossary-of-petanque-terms"><i>Glossary of Pétanque Terms</i></a> at obut.com. Retrieved 24 August 2022.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=P%C3%A9tanque&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A9tanque" class="extiw" title="commons:Pétanque"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Pétanque</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fipjp.org/index.php/en/">FIPJP - Fédération Internationale de Pétanque et Jeu Provençal</a> is the international governing body for pétanque. Its web site contains a variety of useful information, including the official international rules of pétanque and a list of its national members.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cep-petanque.com/">CEP - Confédération Européenne de Pétanque (CEP)</a> is the European Governing body for Pétanque.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ffpjp.info">FFPJP - Fédération Francais de Pétanque et Jeu Provençal</a> is the governing body for Pétanque in France, and the most important national member of FIPJP.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.petanque-england.uk/">Pétanque England</a>, the governing body for Pétanque in England and member of the FIPJP.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.usapetanque.org">FPUSA - Federation of Pétanque U.S.A.</a> is the governing body for pétanque in the United States and member of FIPJP.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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title="Ringball">Ringball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slamball" class="mw-redirect" title="Slamball">Slamball</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Football" title="Football">Football</a><br />codes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Association football</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amputee_football" title="Amputee football">amputee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beach_soccer" title="Beach soccer">beach soccer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freestyle_football" title="Freestyle football">freestyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Futsal" title="Futsal">futsal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indoor_soccer" title="Indoor soccer">Indoor soccer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minifootball" title="Minifootball">minifootball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paralympic_football" title="Paralympic football">paralympic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powerchair_Football" class="mw-redirect" title="Powerchair Football">powerchair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roller_soccer" title="Roller soccer">roller soccer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Socca" title="Socca">socca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_football_(association_football)" title="Street football (association football)">street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teqball" title="Teqball">teqball‎</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_rules_football" title="Australian rules football">Australian rules football</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AFLX" title="AFLX">AFLX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lightning_football" title="Lightning football">Lightning football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_footy" class="mw-redirect" title="Metro footy">Metro footy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine-a-side_footy" title="Nine-a-side footy">Nine-a-side</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rec_footy" title="Rec footy">Rec footy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_football" title="Gaelic football">Gaelic football</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ladies%27_Gaelic_football" title="Ladies' Gaelic football">Ladies'</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circle_rules_football" title="Circle rules football">Circle rules football</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gridiron_football" title="Gridiron football">Gridiron</a> codes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">American football</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eight-man_football" title="Eight-man football">eight-man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_football" title="Flag football">flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nine-man_football" title="Nine-man football">nine-man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six-man_football" title="Six-man football">six-man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sprint_football" title="Sprint football">sprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touch_football_(American)" title="Touch football (American)">touch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheelchair_Football_(American)" title="Wheelchair Football (American)">wheelchair</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arena_football" title="Arena football">Arena football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_football" title="Canadian football">Canadian football</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_hybrid_sports" title="List of hybrid sports">Hybrid</a> codes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austus" title="Austus">Austus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eton_wall_game" title="Eton wall game">Eton wall game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_rules_football" title="International rules football">International rules football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samoa_rules" title="Samoa rules">Samoa rules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speedball_(American_ball_game)" title="Speedball (American ball game)">Speedball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_football_(code)" title="Swedish football (code)">Swedish football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_football" title="Universal football">Universal football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volata" title="Volata">Volata</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Medieval_football" title="Medieval football">Medieval/historical<br />football</a> codes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ba_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Ba game">Ba game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caid_(sport)" title="Caid (sport)">Caid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcio_Fiorentino" class="mw-redirect" title="Calcio Fiorentino">Calcio fiorentino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camping_(game)" title="Camping (game)">Camping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cnapan" title="Cnapan">Cnapan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_hurling" title="Cornish hurling">Cornish hurling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuju" title="Cuju">Cuju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harpastum" title="Harpastum">Harpastum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kemari" title="Kemari">Kemari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_soule" title="La soule">La soule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lelo_burti" title="Lelo burti">Lelo burti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marn_Grook" title="Marn Grook">Marn grook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pasuckuakohowog" title="Pasuckuakohowog">Pasuckuakohowog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_Shrovetide_Football" title="Royal Shrovetide Football">Royal Shrovetide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uppies_and_Downies" title="Uppies and Downies">Uppies and downies</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rugby_football" title="Rugby football">Rugby</a> codes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_league" title="Rugby league">Rugby league</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Masters_Rugby_League" title="Masters Rugby League">masters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mod_league" title="Mod league">mod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_league_nines" title="Rugby league nines">nines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_league_sevens" title="Rugby league sevens">sevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tag_rugby" title="Tag rugby">tag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheelchair_rugby_league" title="Wheelchair rugby league">wheelchair</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">Rugby union</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_flag_rugby" title="American flag rugby">American flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beach_rugby" title="Beach rugby">beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mini_rugby" title="Mini rugby">mini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_sevens" title="Rugby sevens">sevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snow_rugby" title="Snow rugby">snow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tag_rugby" title="Tag rugby">tag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tambo_rugby" title="Tambo rugby">Tambo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touch_rugby" title="Touch rugby">touch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_tens" title="Rugby tens">tens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_X" title="Rugby X">X</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touch_(sport)" title="Touch (sport)">Touch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheelchair_rugby" title="Wheelchair rugby">Wheelchair</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other related codes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuju" title="Cuju">Cuju</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C4%AB-o-rahi" title="Kī-o-rahi">Kī-o-rahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jegichagi" title="Jegichagi">Jegichagi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yubi_lakpi" title="Yubi lakpi">Yubi lakpi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stick-and-ball<br />sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bando_(sport)" title="Bando (sport)">Bando</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cammag" title="Cammag">Cammag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gateball" title="Gateball">Gateball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hurling" title="Hurling">Hurling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camogie" title="Camogie">Camogie</a></li> <li>Super11s</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Composite_rules_shinty%E2%80%93hurling" title="Composite rules shinty–hurling">Shinty–Hurling</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_North_American_stickball" title="Indigenous North American stickball">Indigenous North American stickball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iomain" title="Iomain">Iomain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knattleikr" title="Knattleikr">Knattleikr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knotty" title="Knotty">Knotty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacrosse" title="Lacrosse">Lacrosse</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Box_lacrosse" title="Box lacrosse">box/indoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_lacrosse" title="Field lacrosse">field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercrosse" title="Intercrosse">intercrosse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_lacrosse" title="Women's lacrosse">women's</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritinis" title="Ritinis">Ritinis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinty" title="Shinty">Shinty</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Composite_rules_shinty%E2%80%93hurling" title="Composite rules shinty–hurling">Shinty–Hurling</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hockey" title="Hockey">Hockey</a> sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ball_hockey" title="Ball hockey">Ball hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bandy" title="Bandy">Bandy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rink_bandy" title="Rink bandy">rink</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broomball" title="Broomball">Broomball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_hockey" title="Field hockey">Field hockey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indoor_hockey" title="Indoor hockey">indoor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floor_hockey" title="Floor hockey">Floor hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floorball" title="Floorball">Floorball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_hockey" title="Ice hockey">Ice hockey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pond_hockey" title="Pond hockey">pond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_hockey" title="Power hockey">power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sledge_hockey" title="Sledge hockey">ice sledge</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ringette" title="Ringette">Ringette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rinkball" title="Rinkball">Rinkball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roller_hockey" title="Roller hockey">Roller hockey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roller_in-line_hockey" class="mw-redirect" title="Roller in-line hockey">in-line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roller_hockey_(quad)" title="Roller hockey (quad)">quad</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rossall_Hockey" class="mw-redirect" title="Rossall Hockey">Rossall hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinny" title="Shinny">Shinny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_hockey" title="Street hockey">Street hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_hockey" title="Underwater hockey">Underwater hockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unicycle_hockey" title="Unicycle hockey">Unicycle hockey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Polo" title="Polo">Polo</a> sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auto_polo" title="Auto polo">Auto polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cowboy_polo" title="Cowboy polo">Cowboy polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycle_polo" title="Cycle polo">Cycle polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elephant_polo" title="Elephant polo">Elephant polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hobby_horse_polo" title="Hobby horse polo">Hobby horse polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horseball" title="Horseball">Horseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motoball" title="Motoball">Motoball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pato" title="Pato">Pato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polo" title="Polo">Polo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arena_polo" title="Arena polo">Arena polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chovgan" title="Chovgan">Chovgan</a></li> <li>Snow polo</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polocrosse" title="Polocrosse">Polocrosse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Segway_polo" title="Segway polo">Segway polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yak_polo" title="Yak polo">Yak polo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other ball sports</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angleball" title="Angleball">Angleball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycle_ball" title="Cycle ball">Cycle ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dodgeball" title="Dodgeball">Dodgeball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flickerball" title="Flickerball">Flickerball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gain-ground" title="Gain-ground">Gain-ground</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balle_%C3%A0_la_main" title="Balle à la main">Balle à la main</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballon_au_poing" title="Ballon au poing">Ballon au poing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeu_de_paume" title="Jeu de paume">Jeu de paume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longue_paume" title="Longue paume">Longue paume</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goalball" title="Goalball">Goalball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Handball" title="Handball">Handball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beach_handball" title="Beach handball">beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_handball" title="Czech handball">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_handball" title="Field handball">field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheelchair_handball" title="Wheelchair handball">wheelchair</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaatsen" class="mw-redirect" title="Kaatsen">Kaatsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kin-Ball" title="Kin-Ball">Kin-Ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lagori" class="mw-redirect" title="Lagori">Lagori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_ballgame" title="Mesoamerican ballgame">Mesoamerican ballgame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pelota_mixteca" title="Pelota mixteca">Pelota mixteca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prisonball" title="Prisonball">Prisonball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pushball" title="Pushball">Pushball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quidditch_(real-life_sport)" title="Quidditch (real-life sport)">Quidditch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roll_ball" title="Roll ball">Roll ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamburello" title="Tamburello">Tamburello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tchoukball" title="Tchoukball">Tchoukball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulama_(game)" title="Ulama (game)">Ulama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valencian_pilota" title="Valencian pilota">Valencian pilota</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Llargues" title="Llargues">Llargues</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whirlyball" title="Whirlyball">Whirlyball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yukigassen" title="Yukigassen">Yukigassen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bat-and-ball_games" title="Bat-and-ball games">Bat-and-ball<br />games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Variations_of_baseball" title="Variations of baseball">Baseball variants</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">Baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baseball5" title="Baseball5">Baseball5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Br%C3%A4nnboll" title="Brännboll">Brännboll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corkball" title="Corkball">Corkball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kickball" title="Kickball">Kickball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matball" title="Matball">Matball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Over-the-line" title="Over-the-line">Over-the-line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pes%C3%A4pallo" title="Pesäpallo">Pesäpallo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rounders" title="Rounders">Rounders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schlagball" title="Schlagball">Schlagball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Softball" title="Softball">Softball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fastpitch_softball" title="Fastpitch softball">Fastpitch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/16-inch_softball" title="16-inch softball">16-inch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stickball_(street_game)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stickball (street game)">Stickball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vitilla" title="Vitilla">Vitilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_baseball" title="British baseball">British baseball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_baseball" class="mw-redirect" title="English baseball">English baseball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_baseball" class="mw-redirect" title="Welsh baseball">Welsh baseball</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiffle_ball" title="Wiffle ball">Wiffle ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Town_ball" title="Town ball">Town ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wireball" title="Wireball">Wireball</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Forms_of_cricket" title="Forms of cricket">Cricket variants</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">Cricket</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/One_Day_International" title="One Day International">One Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Test_cricket" title="Test cricket">Test</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty20_International" title="Twenty20 International">Twenty20</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indoor_cricket" title="Indoor cricket">Indoor cricket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vigoro" title="Vigoro">Vigoro</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danish_longball" title="Danish longball">Danish longball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapta_(game)" title="Lapta (game)">Lapta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oin%C4%83" title="Oină">Oină</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoolball" title="Stoolball">Stoolball</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Net_and_wall_games" title="Net and wall games">Net and wall games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ball_badminton" title="Ball badminton">Ball badminton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biribol" title="Biribol">Biribol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bossaball" title="Bossaball">Bossaball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fistball" title="Fistball">Fistball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fives" title="Fives">Fives</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eton_fives" title="Eton fives">Eton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugby_fives" title="Rugby fives">Rugby</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Footbag_net" title="Footbag net">Footbag net</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Football_tennis" title="Football tennis">Football tennis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Footvolley" title="Footvolley">Footvolley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jianzi" title="Jianzi">Jianzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jokgu" title="Jokgu">Jokgu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcomb_ball" title="Newcomb ball">Newcomb ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peteca" title="Peteca">Peteca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sepak_takraw" title="Sepak takraw">Sepak takraw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Throwball" title="Throwball">Throwball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volleyball" title="Volleyball">Volleyball</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beach_volleyball" title="Beach volleyball">beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volleyball" title="Volleyball">indoor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sitting_volleyball" title="Sitting volleyball">sitting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_volleyball" title="Standing volleyball">standing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volleyball_variations#Pioneerball" title="Volleyball variations">pioneerball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snow_volleyball" title="Snow volleyball">snow</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tag_sports" class="mw-redirect" title="Tag sports">Tag sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kabaddi" 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