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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Preprints</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Preprints-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Postprints" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Postprints"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Postprints</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Postprints-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Published_articles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Published_articles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Published articles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Published_articles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p> This is a summary of the different <b>copyright policies of academic publishers</b> for books, book chapters, and journal articles. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Publishing_models">Publishing models</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copyright_policies_of_academic_publishers&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Publishing models"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Academic publishers fall broadly into two categories: <a href="/wiki/Subscription_business_model" title="Subscription business model">subscription</a> and <a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="Open access">open access</a>, which take different approaches to copyright.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Subscription publishers typically require transfer of copyright ownership from the authors to the publisher, with the publisher monetising articles behind paywalls. The final version of an article as copyedited and typeset by the publisher is typically called the <a href="/wiki/Version_of_record" title="Version of record">version of record</a>. Such publishers sometimes allow certain rights to their authors, including permission to reuse parts of the paper in the author's future work, to distribute a limited number of copies. In the print format, such copies are called reprints; in the electronic format, they are called <a href="/wiki/Postprints" class="mw-redirect" title="Postprints">postprints</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Open access publishers allow authors to retain their copyright, but attach a reuse license to the work so that it can be hosted by the publisher and openly shared, reused and adapted. Such publishers are funded either by charging authors <a href="/wiki/Article_processing_charge" title="Article processing charge">article processing fees</a> (<a href="/wiki/Gold_OA" class="mw-redirect" title="Gold OA">gold OA</a>) or by subsidy from a larger organisation (<a href="/wiki/Diamond_open_access" title="Diamond open access">diamond OA</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-:2_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Academic_books_and_book_chapters">Academic books and book chapters</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copyright_policies_of_academic_publishers&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Academic books and book chapters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Academic_book" class="mw-redirect" title="Academic book">Academic book</a> publishing policies are not consolidated into a single database (in contrast to the <a href="/wiki/SHERPA/RoMEO" class="mw-redirect" title="SHERPA/RoMEO">SHERPA/RoMEO</a> database of journal policies).<sup id="cite_ref-:3_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, a relatively small number of academic book publishers dominate the market. Most publishers permit <a href="/wiki/Self-archiving" title="Self-archiving">self-archiving</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Postprint" title="Postprint">postprint version</a> of the author's own chapter (if contributed to only one chapter) or 10% of the total book (if contributed to multiple chapters).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The notable exception is Elsevier, which is the largest publisher to not permit chapter archiving under any circumstances.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:left"> <tbody><tr> <th>Publisher </th> <th>Self-archiving </th> <th>Version </th> <th>Permitted license </th> <th>Embargo (months) </th> <th>Source </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Bloomsbury_Publishing" title="Bloomsbury Publishing">Bloomsbury</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Permitted <sup id="cite_ref-chapter_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chapter-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><a href="/wiki/Version_of_record" title="Version of record">Published</a> </td> <td>All rights reserved <sup id="cite_ref-copyright_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-copyright-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>6 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Permitted <sup id="cite_ref-chapter_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chapter-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Postprint" title="Postprint">Postprint</a> </td> <td>All rights reserved <sup id="cite_ref-copyright_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-copyright-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>6 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/De_Gruyter" title="De Gruyter">De Gruyter</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Permitted <sup id="cite_ref-chapter_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chapter-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Postprint </td> <td> </td> <td>12 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Elsevier" title="Elsevier">Elsevier</a> </td> <td style="background: #FED; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="depends table-depends">Author must email to request permission </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Emerald_Group_Publishing" title="Emerald Group Publishing">Emerald</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Permitted <sup id="cite_ref-full_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-full-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Postprint </td> <td>CC BY-NC </td> <td>0 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Permitted <sup id="cite_ref-chapter_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chapter-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Postprint </td> <td>All rights reserved <sup id="cite_ref-copyright_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-copyright-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>24 (<a href="/wiki/Humanities,_arts,_and_social_sciences" title="Humanities, arts, and social sciences">HASS</a>) or 12 (<a href="/wiki/Science,_technology,_engineering,_and_mathematics" title="Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics">STEM</a>) </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis" title="Taylor & Francis">Routledge / Taylor & Francis</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Permitted <sup id="cite_ref-chapter_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chapter-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Postprint </td> <td>no license restrictions </td> <td>18 (HASS) or 12 (STEM) </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/SAGE_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="SAGE Publishing">SAGE</a> (reference handbooks) </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Permitted <sup id="cite_ref-chapter_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chapter-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Postprint </td> <td>no license restrictions </td> <td>24 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-:1_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/SAGE_Publishing" class="mw-redirect" title="SAGE Publishing">SAGE</a> (academic books, professional books, textbooks) </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Forbidden </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-:1_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Springer_Nature" title="Springer Nature">Springer Nature</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Permitted <sup id="cite_ref-chapter_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chapter-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Postprint </td> <td>All rights reserved <sup id="cite_ref-copyright_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-copyright-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>24 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Wiley_(publisher)" title="Wiley (publisher)">Wiley</a> </td> <td style="background: #FED; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="depends table-depends">Author must email to request permission </td> <td>- </td> <td>All rights reserved <sup id="cite_ref-copyright_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-copyright-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>- </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-chapter-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-chapter_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-chapter_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-chapter_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-chapter_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-chapter_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-chapter_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-chapter_5-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">author's own chapter (if contributed to only one chapter) or 10% of the total book (if contributed to multiple chapters)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-copyright-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-copyright_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-copyright_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-copyright_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-copyright_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-copyright_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">i.e. may not be re-published, enhanced, enriched or otherwise transformed into a derivative work without permission from original publisher</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-full-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-full_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">author's own chapter (if contributed to only one chapter) or full book (if contributed to multiple chapters)</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Academic_journals">Academic journals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copyright_policies_of_academic_publishers&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Academic journals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Academic_journal" title="Academic journal">Academic journal</a> publishing policies focus on two main aspects: Whether a preprint article already openly shared can be submitted to a journal, and what version of the article can be subsequently openly shared after peer review has been concluded.</p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Preprint_postprint_published.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Preprint_postprint_published.svg/220px-Preprint_postprint_published.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Preprint_postprint_published.svg/330px-Preprint_postprint_published.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Preprint_postprint_published.svg/440px-Preprint_postprint_published.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="548" /></a><figcaption>Typical publishing workflow for an academic journal article (<a href="/wiki/Preprint" title="Preprint">preprint</a>, <a href="/wiki/Postprint" title="Postprint">postprint</a>, and published) with <a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="Open access">open access</a> sharing rights per <a href="/wiki/SHERPA/RoMEO" class="mw-redirect" title="SHERPA/RoMEO">SHERPA/RoMEO</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Preprints">Preprints</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copyright_policies_of_academic_publishers&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Preprints"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_academic_journals_by_preprint_policy" class="mw-redirect" title="List of academic journals by preprint policy">List of academic journals by preprint policy</a></div> <p>Academic publishers will not publish work that has already been published elsewhere, so a key issue has been the interpretation of a <a href="/wiki/Preprint_server" class="mw-redirect" title="Preprint server">preprint server</a>. Traditionally, academics have circulated <a href="/wiki/Preprint" title="Preprint">pre-submission copies</a> of their articles for informal feedback. However, open preprint servers since the 1990s increased the scale and visibility of this process and raised the question as to whether this constituted 'prior publication' or merely 'sharing'. </p><p>The majority of academic journal publishers now accept submission of articles that have already been shared as preprints, with copyright of this version remaining with the author by default.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Postprints">Postprints</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copyright_policies_of_academic_publishers&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Postprints"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The sharing of <a href="/wiki/Postprint" title="Postprint">postprints</a> (the last version of an article after peer review but before copyright is transferred to a publisher) has become increasingly permitted by academic journal publishers, typically after an <a href="/wiki/Embargo" class="mw-redirect" title="Embargo">embargo</a> of 6-18 months. Journal policies are consolidated in the <a href="/wiki/SHERPA/RoMEO" class="mw-redirect" title="SHERPA/RoMEO">SHERPA/RoMEO</a> database.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Published_articles">Published articles</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copyright_policies_of_academic_publishers&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Published articles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The copyright of the final published <a href="/wiki/Version_of_record" title="Version of record">version of record</a> may reside with the authors or the publisher depending on the publisher's business model. For journals following a subscription model, where articles are accessed via a paywall, copyright is transferred from author to publisher. Sharing of the final formatted article is therefore typically never permitted. </p><p>The rise of <a href="/wiki/Gold_Open_Access" class="mw-redirect" title="Gold Open Access">"gold" open access</a> academic journals stands in contrast to this, where copyright is retained by the author and a reuse license (typically a <a href="/wiki/Creative_Commons_license" title="Creative Commons license">creative commons</a> variant) applied. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copyright_policies_of_academic_publishers&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_academic_journals" class="mw-redirect" title="List of academic journals">List of academic journals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_open-access_journals" title="List of open-access journals">List of open-access journals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Springer_Nature" title="Springer Nature">Springer Nature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elsevier" title="Elsevier">Elsevier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wiley-Blackwell" title="Wiley-Blackwell">Wiley-Blackwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis" title="Taylor & Francis">Taylor & Francis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SAGE_Publications" class="mw-redirect" title="SAGE Publications">SAGE Publications</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copyright_policies_of_academic_publishers&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://v2.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/">SHERPA/RoMEO</a> - Journal publisher copyright & self-archiving policies database</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://transpose-publishing.github.io/#/">Transpose</a> - Journal publisher preprinting policies database</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Copyright_policies_of_academic_publishers&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:2-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aoasg.org.au/open-access-copyright/">"Open Access & Copyright"</a>. <i>Australasian Open Access Strategy Group</i>. 2013-12-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-01-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Australasian+Open+Access+Strategy+Group&rft.atitle=Open+Access+%26+Copyright&rft.date=2013-12-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faoasg.org.au%2Fopen-access-copyright%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACopyright+policies+of+academic+publishers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://v2.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/about.html">"About Sherpa Romeo version 2"</a>. <i>v2.sherpa.ac.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-01-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=v2.sherpa.ac.uk&rft.atitle=About+Sherpa+Romeo+version+2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fv2.sherpa.ac.uk%2Fromeo%2Fabout.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACopyright+policies+of+academic+publishers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKingsley2015" class="citation web cs1">Kingsley, Danny (2015-04-23). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://osc.cam.ac.uk/monographs/open-access-and-monographs/making-book-chapters-available-repositories">"Making book chapters available in repositories"</a>. <i>osc.cam.ac.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-01-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=osc.cam.ac.uk&rft.atitle=Making+book+chapters+available+in+repositories&rft.date=2015-04-23&rft.aulast=Kingsley&rft.aufirst=Danny&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fosc.cam.ac.uk%2Fmonographs%2Fopen-access-and-monographs%2Fmaking-book-chapters-available-repositories&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACopyright+policies+of+academic+publishers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elsevier.com/about/policies/hosting">"Policies for Hosting Elsevier Articles"</a>. <i>Elsevier</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210131134349/https://www.elsevier.com/about/policies/hosting">Archived</a> from the original on Jan 31, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-01-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Elsevier&rft.atitle=Policies+for+Hosting+Elsevier+Articles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.elsevier.com%2Fabout%2Fpolicies%2Fhosting&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACopyright+policies+of+academic+publishers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomsbury.com/uk/academic/open-access/">"Bloomsbury Open Access"</a>. <i>Bloomsbury</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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