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class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>História</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-História-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Calígrafos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Calígrafos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Calígrafos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Calígrafos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ver_também" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ver_também"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Ver também</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ver_também-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notas_e_referências" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notas_e_referências"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Notas e referências</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notas_e_referências-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leitura_adicional" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leitura_adicional"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Leitura adicional</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leitura_adicional-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ligações_externas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ligações_externas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Ligações externas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ligações_externas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Conteúdo" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alternar o índice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alternar o índice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Nastalique</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir para um artigo noutra língua. Disponível em 39 línguas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-39" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">39 línguas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%82" title="نستعليق — árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نستعليق" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C9%99st%C9%99liq_x%C9%99tti" title="Nəstəliq xətti — azerbaijano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Nəstəliq xətti" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Насталік — bielorrusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Насталік" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BC" title="नस्तालीक़ — Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="नस्तालीक़" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF" title="নাস্তালিক লিপি — bengalês" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নাস্তালিক লিপি" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DB%95%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%95%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%82" title="نەستەعلیق — curdo central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="نەستەعلیق" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="curdo central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasta%CA%BFl%C4%ABq" title="Nastaʿlīq — alemão" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nastaʿlīq" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nastaliq" title="Nastaliq — inglês" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Nastaliq" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nastaliq" title="Nastaliq — espanhol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nastaliq" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nastaliq" title="Nastaliq — basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Nastaliq" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo bom"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%82" title="نستعلیق — persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نستعلیق" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nastaliq" title="Nastaliq — francês" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nastaliq" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasta%27liq" title="Nasta'liq — irlandês" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Nasta'liq" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BC" title="नस्तालीक़ — hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नस्तालीक़" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nastaliq" title="Nastaliq — indonésio" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Nastaliq" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasta%27liq" title="Nasta'liq — italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nasta'liq" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8A%E3%82%B9%E3%82%BF%E3%82%A2%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF%E4%BD%93" title="ナスタアリーク体 — japonês" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ナスタアリーク体" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%82%98%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%88%EB%A6%AC%ED%81%AC%EC%B2%B4" title="나스탈리크체 — coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="나스탈리크체" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%82_%D8%B1%D8%B3%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AE%D8%B7" title="نستعلیق رسم الخط — caxemira" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="نستعلیق رسم الخط" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="caxemira" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BF" title="നസ്താലീക് ലിപി — malaiala" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നസ്താലീക് ലിപി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malaiala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasta%27liq_(seni_khat)" title="Nasta'liq (seni khat) — malaio" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Nasta'liq (seni khat)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nastaliq-skrift" title="Nastaliq-skrift — norueguês nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Nastaliq-skrift" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norueguês nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nastaliqskrift" title="Nastaliqskrift — norueguês bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nastaliqskrift" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norueguês bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%85%D1%8A" title="Насталихъ — ossético" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Насталихъ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossético" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BC" title="ਨਸਤਾਲੀਕ਼ — panjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਨਸਤਾਲੀਕ਼" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nastaligh" title="Nastaligh — polaco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nastaligh" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B7_%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%82" title="خط نستعلیق — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="خط نستعلیق" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Насталик — russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Насталик" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%82_%D8%AE%D8%B7" title="نستعليق خط — sindi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="نستعليق خط" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nastaliq" title="Nastaliq — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Nastaliq" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%82_%D8%A7%D8%AA%DB%92_%D9%BB%D8%A6%DB%92_%D8%AE%D8%B7" title="نستعلیق اتے ٻئے خط — Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="نستعلیق اتے ٻئے خط" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nastalik_(pisava)" title="Nastalik (pisava) — esloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Nastalik (pisava)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%B8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="நஸ்தலீகு வரிவடிவம் — tâmil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நஸ்தலீகு வரிவடிவம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tâmil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%80%E0%B0%96%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BF" title="నస్తాలీఖ్ లిపి — telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="నస్తాలీఖ్ లిపి" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nest%C3%A2lik" title="Nestâlik — turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Nestâlik" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Насталік — ucraniano" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Насталік" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B7_%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B9%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%82" title="خط نستعلیق — urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="خط نستعلیق" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasta%CA%BCliq" title="Nastaʼliq — usbeque" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Nastaʼliq" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbeque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%A2%E6%96%AF%E4%BD%93" title="波斯体 — chinês" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="波斯体" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1133121#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editar hiperligações interlínguas" class="wbc-editpage">Editar hiperligações</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaços nominais"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Nastalique" title="Ver a página de conteúdo [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artigo</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discuss%C3%A3o:Nastalique&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Discussão sobre o conteúdo da página (página não existe) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussão</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mudar a variante da língua" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">português</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vistas"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Nastalique"><span>Ler</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nastalique&veaction=edit" title="Editar esta página [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editar</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nastalique&action=edit" title="Editar o código-fonte desta página [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editar código-fonte</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nastalique&action=history" title="Edições anteriores desta página. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Ver histórico</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Ferramentas de página"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ferramentas" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ferramentas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Ferramentas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mover para a barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ocultar</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Mais opções" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Operações </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Nastalique"><span>Ler</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nastalique&veaction=edit" title="Editar esta página [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editar</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nastalique&action=edit" title="Editar o código-fonte desta página [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editar código-fonte</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nastalique&action=history"><span>Ver histórico</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Geral </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A1ginas_afluentes/Nastalique" title="Lista de todas as páginas que contêm hiperligações para esta [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Páginas afluentes</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Altera%C3%A7%C3%B5es_relacionadas/Nastalique" rel="nofollow" title="Mudanças recentes nas páginas para as quais esta contém hiperligações [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Alterações relacionadas</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Carregar_ficheiro" title="Carregar ficheiros [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Carregar ficheiro</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A1ginas_especiais" title="Lista de páginas especiais [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Páginas especiais</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nastalique&oldid=58987075" title="Hiperligação permanente para esta revisão desta página"><span>Hiperligação permanente</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nastalique&action=info" title="Mais informações sobre esta página"><span>Informações da página</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Citar&page=Nastalique&id=58987075&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informação sobre como citar esta página"><span>Citar esta página</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FNastalique"><span>Obter URL encurtado</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FNastalique"><span>Descarregar código QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimir/exportar </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Livro&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Nastalique"><span>Criar um livro</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Nastalique&action=show-download-screen"><span>Descarregar como PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nastalique&printable=yes" title="Versão para impressão desta página [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versão para impressão</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Noutros projetos </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Nastaliq" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1133121" title="Hiperligação para o elemento do repositório de dados [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Elemento Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Ferramentas de página"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspeto"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspeto</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mover para a barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ocultar</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Origem: Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre.</div> </div> <div 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.tmbox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmbox{background-color:#2e2505}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmbox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmbox{background-color:#2e2505}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmbox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.tmbox img{max-width:none!important}</style><table class="box-Mais_notas plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Esta página cita fontes, mas não cobrem todo o conteúdo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">Esta página <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Livro_de_estilo/Cite_as_fontes" title="Wikipédia:Livro de estilo/Cite as fontes">cita fontes</a>, mas que <b><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:V" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipédia:V">não cobrem</a> todo o conteúdo</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Ajude a <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Livro_de_estilo/Refer%C3%AAncias_e_notas_de_rodap%C3%A9" title="Wikipédia:Livro de estilo/Referências e notas de rodapé">inserir referências</a> (<small><i>Encontre fontes:</i> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/">ABW</a>  •  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.periodicos.capes.gov.br">CAPES</a>  •  <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&as_epq=Nastalique">Google</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?hl=pt&tbm=nws&q=Nastalique&oq=Nastalique">N</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?&as_brr=0&as_epq=Nastalique">L</a> • <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=pt&q=Nastalique">A</a>)</span></small>).</span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">Agosto de 2020</span>)</i></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Nastalique</b><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESouto1984141_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESouto1984141-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> (<i>Nastaʿlīq</i>; <span lang="und-Arab" dir="rtl" title="Nasta'liq" style="font-size:125%;font-family: 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu', 'Noto Nastaliq Urdu Draft', 'Awami Nastaliq', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta3', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta2', 'Awami Nastaliq Beta1', 'Nafees Nastaleeq', 'Nafees Nastaleeq v1.01', 'Urdu Typesettings', IranNastaliq, 'Pak Nastaleeq', 'PDMS_Jauhar';">نستعلیق</span>‎ <i>nastalique</i>) é uma das principais formas de escrever o <a href="/wiki/Alfabeto_persa" title="Alfabeto persa">alfabeto persa</a> e tradicionalmente o estilo predominante na <a href="/wiki/Caligrafia" title="Caligrafia">caligrafia</a> <a href="/wiki/Persas" title="Persas">persa</a>. Foi desenvolvida no atual <a href="/wiki/Ir%C3%A3" title="Irã">Irã</a>, entre os séculos <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_XIV" title="Século XIV">XIV</a> e <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_XV" title="Século XV">XV</a>. Por vezes é usada para escrever textos em <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_%C3%A1rabe" title="Língua árabe">árabe</a> (também conhecida como talique ou fársi, sendo usada mais para títulos e cabeçalhos). </p><p>Foi popular nas <a href="/wiki/Esferas_de_influ%C3%AAncia" class="mw-redirect" title="Esferas de influência">esferas de influência</a> <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9rsia" title="Pérsia">persa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Turquia" title="Turquia">turca</a> e do sudoeste da Ásia e é ainda muito usada no <a href="/wiki/Ir%C3%A3" title="Irã">Irã</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paquist%C3%A3o" title="Paquistão">Paquistão</a> e <a href="/wiki/Afeganist%C3%A3o" title="Afeganistão">Afeganistão</a>, como uma forma artística de escrever. Uma versão do nastalique menos elaborada serve como um estilo preferido de escrever para o <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_persa" title="Língua persa">persa</a>, o <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_caxemira" title="Língua caxemira">caxemir</a> e o <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_urdu" title="Língua urdu">urdu</a> e, junto com a <i><a href="/wiki/Escrita_naskh" class="mw-redirect" title="Escrita naskh">escrita naskh</a></i> para o <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_pachto" class="mw-redirect" title="Língua pachto">pachto</a>. O nastalique foi históricamente usado para escrever a <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_turca_otomana" title="Língua turca otomana">Língua turca otomana</a>, onde era conhecida como <i>tâlik</i> (não deve ser confundida com um estilo totalmente Persa, o talique). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uso">Uso</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nastalique&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editar secção: Uso" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nastalique&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Uso"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Miremad-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Miremad-1.jpg/220px-Miremad-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="362" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Miremad-1.jpg/330px-Miremad-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Miremad-1.jpg/440px-Miremad-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1700" data-file-height="2800" /></a><figcaption>Caligrafia persa nasta</figcaption></figure> <p>Nastalique é o sistema de escrita mais importante da tradição gráfica <a href="/wiki/Persas" title="Persas">persa</a>, sendo também significativa em areas sob influência cultural persa. Muitas línguas têm suas escritas influenciadas pelo nastalique. É o caso de línguas do <a href="/wiki/Afeganist%C3%A3o" title="Afeganistão">Afeganistão</a> (dari, uzbeque, turcomeno, e outras), do <a href="/wiki/Paquist%C3%A3o" title="Paquistão">Paquistão</a> (panjabi, urdu, saraiki, caxemir e outras), da <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dndia" title="Índia">Índia</a> (urdu, rekhta) e ainda a <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_uigur" title="Língua uigur">língua uigur</a> da província <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">chinesa</a> de <a href="/wiki/Sinqui%C3%A3o" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinquião">Sinquião</a>. Sob o nome de talique, foi também admirada e louvada pelos caligrafistas <a href="/wiki/Otomanos" class="mw-redirect" title="Otomanos">otomanos</a> que dela tiraram os estilos "diwani" e "ruqah". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Características"><span id="Caracter.C3.ADsticas"></span>Características</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nastalique&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editar secção: Características" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nastalique&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Características"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nastalique está entre os estilos mais fluidos de caligrafia usados para o <a href="/wiki/Alfabeto_%C3%A1rabe" title="Alfabeto árabe">alfabeto árabe</a>, pois apresenta traços verticais curtos sem <a href="/wiki/Serifa" title="Serifa">serifas</a> e longos traços horizontais. É escrita com o uso de uma peça de palheta como um extremo de 5 a 10 mm, chamada <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1lamo" title="Cálamo">cálamo</a> (ou <a href="/wiki/Bico_de_pena" title="Bico de pena">bico de pena</a>) em <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_%C3%A1rabe" title="Língua árabe">língua árabe</a> e em <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_persa" title="Língua persa">língua persa</a> ("قلم"), com <a href="/wiki/Tinta" title="Tinta">tinta</a> chamada "<i>davat</i>". O bico do cálamo tem geralmente um rasgo no meio para facilitar a absorção da tinta. </p><p>Duas formas importantes de painéis nastalique são <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chalipa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chalipa (página não existe)">chalipa</a></i> a <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Siah-masq&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Siah-masq (página não existe)">siah-masq</a></i>. O painel <i>chalipa</i> ("cruz," em persa) consiste gealmente de quatro linhas diagonais de versos com conceitos morais, éticos e poéticos. O painel <i>siah-masq</i> ("orifício com tinta") se comunica via forma e composição, repetindo poucas, por vezes uma só, letra ou palavra, cobrindo de tinta quase toda a sua extensão, tornando o conteúdo de pouca importância e quase impossível de ser lido. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="História"><span id="Hist.C3.B3ria"></span>História</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nastalique&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editar secção: História" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nastalique&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: História"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Nastaliq-proportions.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Nastaliq-proportions.jpg/200px-Nastaliq-proportions.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Nastaliq-proportions.jpg/300px-Nastaliq-proportions.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Nastaliq-proportions.jpg/400px-Nastaliq-proportions.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1701" data-file-height="1768" /></a><figcaption>Exemplo: amostra das regras de proporção nastaliques.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Com a conquista da <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9rsia" title="Pérsia">Pérsia</a> pelo <a href="/wiki/Isl%C3%A3o" class="mw-redirect" title="Islão">Islão</a>, os iranianos adotaram a escrita <a href="/wiki/Alfabeto_%C3%A1rabe" title="Alfabeto árabe">perso-árabe</a> e a arte da “caligrafia persa” floresceu no <a href="/wiki/Ir%C3%A3" title="Irã">Irã</a> na mesma época que crescia em outros países islâmicos. Acredita-se que <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mir_Ali_Tabrizi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mir Ali Tabrizi (página não existe)">Mir Ali Tabrizi</a> (<a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_XIV" title="Século XIV">século XIV</a>) desenvolveu o nastalique pela combinação de duas escritas existentes, o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Naskh_(escrita)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Naskh (escrita) (página não existe)"><span lang="Arab-Latn" title="Arab transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Nasḫ</span></a> e <span lang="Arab-Latn" title="Arab transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Taʿlīq</span>. Essa escrita foi originalmente chamada <span lang="Arab-Latn" title="Arab transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Nasḫ-Taʿlīq</span>. </p><p>A escrita nastalique floresceu gradualmente e muitos <a href="/wiki/Caligrafia" title="Caligrafia">calígrafos</a> proeminentes contribuíram para seu esplendor e beleza. Acredita-se que essa caligrafia atingiu sua máxima elegância de linhas com os trabalhos de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mir_Emad_Hassan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mir Emad Hassan (página não existe)">Mir Emad Hassan</a>. Atualmente o nastalique se baseia, porém, no estilo criado por <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mirza_Reza_Kalhor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mirza Reza Kalhor (página não existe)">Mirza Reza Kalhor</a>, que modificou e adaptou a escrita para uso extensivo em prensas tipográficas, o que veio a disseminar seus escritos. Ele também desenvolveu métodos de ensino do nastalique e especificou claras regras de proporções para a mesma. </p><p>O <a href="/wiki/Imp%C3%A9rio_Mogol" title="Império Mogol">Império Mogol</a> usava a <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_persa" title="Língua persa">língua persa</a> como idioma da corte real durante seu domínio no sul da <a href="/wiki/%C3%81sia" title="Ásia">Ásia</a>. Nesse período o uso do nastalique se espalhou largamente nessa região, incluindo <a href="/wiki/Paquist%C3%A3o" title="Paquistão">Paquistão</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dndia" title="Índia">Índia</a> e <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>, uma influência presente ainda hoje. No Paquistão, quase tudo o que é escrito em <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_urdu" title="Língua urdu">urdu</a> usa essa caligrafia e representa a maior parte do uso do nastalique no mundo. </p><p>No <a href="/wiki/Estado_de_Hyderabad" class="mw-redirect" title="Estado de Hyderabad">Estado de Hyderabad</a>, em <a href="/wiki/Lucknow" title="Lucknow">Lucknow</a> e em outras cidades da <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dndia" title="Índia">Índia</a> que usam muito a língua urdu, muitas das sinalizações de rua e similares são escritas em nastalique. O sistema de educação da Índia reconhece o urdu como língua preferencial e a qualidade do treinamento em arte <i>Nastaʿlīq</i> é do mais alto nível. </p><p>Em <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> a situação do nastalique era a mesma que no Paquistão até 1971, quando o urdu deixou de ser língua oficial do país. Hoje somente em algumas partes de Bangladesh (areas habitadas por <a href="/wiki/Bihar" class="mw-redirect" title="Bihar">bihares</a>) em <a href="/wiki/Daca" title="Daca">Daca</a> e <a href="/wiki/Chittagong" class="mw-redirect" title="Chittagong">Chittagong</a> se mantem a influência <a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9rsia" title="Pérsia">persa</a> e nastalique. </p><p>A escrita nastalique descende da escrita naskh e do <span lang="Arab-Latn" title="Arab transliteration" class="Unicode" style="white-space:normal; text-decoration: none">Taʿlīq</span>. O estilo chamado “Shikasta Nastaʿlīq” (literalmente nastalique "partido") se desenvolveu a partir do nastalique original </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Calígrafos"><span id="Cal.C3.ADgrafos"></span>Calígrafos</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nastalique&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editar secção: Calígrafos" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nastalique&action=edit&section=4" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Calígrafos"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Conhecidos calígrafos Nastaʿlīq foram <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mir_Ali_Tabrizi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mir Ali Tabrizi (página não existe)">Mir Ali Tabrizi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mir_Emad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mir Emad (página não existe)">Mir Emad</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mirza_Buzurg-i-Nuri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mirza Buzurg-i-Nuri (página não existe)">Mirza Buzurg-i-Nuri</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mishk%C3%ADn-Qalam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mishkín-Qalam (página não existe)">Mishkín-Qalam</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mirza_Jafar_Tabrizi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mirza Jafar Tabrizi (página não existe)">Mirza Jafar Tabrizi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abdul_Rashid_Deilami&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abdul Rashid Deilami (página não existe)">Abdul Rashid Deilami</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sultan_Ali_Mashadi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sultan Ali Mashadi (página não existe)">Sultan Ali Mashadi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mir_Ali_Heravi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mir Ali Heravi (página não existe)">Mir Ali Heravi</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emad_Ul-Kottab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emad Ul-Kottab (página não existe)">Emad Ul-Kottab</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mirza_Gholam_Reza_Esfehani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mirza Gholam Reza Esfehani (página não existe)">Mirza Gholam Reza Esfehani</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mirza_Reza_Kalhor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mirza Reza Kalhor (página não existe)">Mirza Reza Kalhor</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emadol_Kotab&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emadol Kotab (página não existe)">Emadol Kotab</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Yaghoot_Mostasami&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Yaghoot Mostasami (página não existe)">Yaghoot Mostasami</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Darvish_Abdol_Majid_Taleghani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Darvish Abdol Majid Taleghani (página não existe)">Darvish Abdol Majid Taleghani</a>. Mais recentemente se destacaram artistas como <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hassan_Mirkhani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hassan Mirkhani (página não existe)">Hassan Mirkhani</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hossein_Mirkhani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hossein Mirkhani (página não existe)">Hossein Mirkhani</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abbas_Akhavein&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abbas Akhavein (página não existe)">Abbas Akhavein</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Qolam-Hossein_Amirkhani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Qolam-Hossein Amirkhani (página não existe)">Qolam-Hossein Amirkhani</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ali_Akbar_Kaveh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ali Akbar Kaveh (página não existe)">Ali Akbar Kaveh</a> e <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaboli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaboli (página não existe)">Kaboli</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A caligrafia islâmica era usada originalmente como adorno para textos religiosos, mais especificamente no <a href="/wiki/Alcor%C3%A3o" title="Alcorão">Alcorão</a>. Desse modo, sempre reinou um sentido de segredo por trás dessa caligrafia. De um discípulo nastalique se esperava uma qualificação espiritual própria para quem queria ser um calígrafo, junto com o aprendizado sobre como preparar o cálamo, a tinta, o papel e ainda o óbvio bom conhecimento da própria caligrafia nastalique. Para tal havia, por exemplo, um manual de uso das penas escrito por <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mir_Emad&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mir Emad (página não existe)">Mir Emad</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ver_também"><span id="Ver_tamb.C3.A9m"></span>Ver também</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nastalique&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Editar secção: Ver também" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nastalique&action=edit&section=5" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Ver também"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Caligrafia_persa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Caligrafia persa (página não existe)">Caligrafia persa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caligrafia_%C3%A1rabe" title="Caligrafia árabe">Caligrafia árabe</a></li></ul> <h2 id="Notas_e_referências" style="cursor: help;" title="Esta seção foi configurada para não ser editável diretamente. Edite a página toda ou a seção anterior em vez disso."><span id="Notas_e_refer.C3.AAncias"></span>Notas e referências</h2> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESouto1984141-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESouto1984141_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSouto1984">Souto 1984</a>, p. 141.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Esrafil Shirchi, Amozesh khat pouya<i>, Roham Pub., Tehran, 1998. <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9649184627" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 964-91846-2-7</a>.</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100928182912/http://www.wegoiran.com/iran-information/iran-culture/nastaliq-script-persian-calligraphy.htm">«Nastaliq Script - Persian Calligraphy»</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 29 de outubro de 2010</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wegoiran.com/iran-information/iran-culture/nastaliq-script-persian-calligraphy.htm">original</a> em 28 de setembro de 2010</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ANastalique&rft.btitle=Nastaliq+Script+-+Persian+Calligraphy&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wegoiran.com%2Firan-information%2Firan-culture%2Fnastaliq-script-persian-calligraphy.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nastalique&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Editar secção: Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nastalique&action=edit&section=6" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Bibliografia"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite id="CITEREFSouto" class="citation book">Souto, José Correira do. <i>Dicionário da literatura portuguesa - Volume 2</i>. Lisboa: Lello & Irmão</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ANastalique&rft.aufirst=Jos%C3%A9+Correira+do&rft.aulast=Souto&rft.btitle=Dicion%C3%A1rio+da+literatura+portuguesa+-+Volume+2&rft.genre=book&rft.place=Lisboa&rft.pub=Lello+%26+Irm%C3%A3o&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Leitura_adicional">Leitura adicional</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nastalique&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Editar secção: Leitura adicional" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nastalique&action=edit&section=7" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Leitura adicional"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Habib-ollah Feza'eli, <i>Ta'lim-e Khatt</i>, Tehran: Sorush, 1977 (Em persa)</li> <li>Sheila Blair, <i>Islamic Calligraphy</i>, Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2005.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ligações_externas"><span id="Liga.C3.A7.C3.B5es_externas"></span>Ligações externas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nastalique&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Editar secção: Ligações externas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nastalique&action=edit&section=8" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Ligações externas"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Em <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_inglesa" title="Língua inglesa">Inglês</a> </p> <ul><li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.NastaliqOnline.ir">«Nastaliq Online»</a>. : Online Service For Nastaʿlīq Calligraphy</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ANastalique&rft.btitle=Nastaliq+Online&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.NastaliqOnline.ir&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scict.ir/Portal/File/ShowFile.aspx?ID=bea5ca36-1fdf-41d4-8818-c1a4f9c71081">«Download Nastaʿlīq Unicode Font by the Supreme Council of ICT Iran»</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ANastalique&rft.btitle=Download+Nasta%CA%BFl%C4%ABq+Unicode+Font+by+the+Supreme+Council+of+ICT+Iran&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scict.ir%2FPortal%2FFile%2FShowFile.aspx%3FID%3Dbea5ca36-1fdf-41d4-8818-c1a4f9c71081&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theelp.org/library.htm">«Download IPA for Urdu and Roman Urdu for Mobile and Internet Users»</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ANastalique&rft.btitle=Download+IPA+for+Urdu+and+Roman+Urdu+for+Mobile+and+Internet+Users&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theelp.org%2Flibrary.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://anjomankhoshnevisan.ir/en/">«Iranian Calligraphers Association»</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ANastalique&rft.btitle=Iranian+Calligraphers+Association&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fanjomankhoshnevisan.ir%2Fen%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crulp.org/">«Center for Research in Urdu Language Processing - Download Urdu Fonts»</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ANastalique&rft.btitle=Center+for+Research+in+Urdu+Language+Processing+-+Download+Urdu+Fonts&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.crulp.org%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tabish.freeshell.org/u-font/">«Free True Type font covering basic Nastaʿlīq»</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ANastalique&rft.btitle=Free+True+Type+font+covering+basic+Nasta%CA%BFl%C4%ABq&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftabish.freeshell.org%2Fu-font%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sil.org/computing/catalog/show_software.asp?id=32">«Nastaʿlīq Writer»</a>. for Macintosh, from the <a href="/wiki/SIL" class="mw-disambig" title="SIL">SIL</a>. Requires QuickDraw GX or Mac OS X.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ANastalique&rft.btitle=Nasta%CA%BFl%C4%ABq+Writer&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sil.org%2Fcomputing%2Fcatalog%2Fshow_software.asp%3Fid%3D32&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nlauit.gov.pk">«Pak Nastaleeq»</a>. : Official <i>Pak Nastaleeq</i> Font site</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ANastalique&rft.btitle=Pak+Nastaleeq&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nlauit.gov.pk&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inpage.com">«InPage Urdu»</a>. : Official InPage Urdu DTP software site</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ANastalique&rft.btitle=InPage+Urdu&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.inpage.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.faiznastaliq.com">«Faiz Nastaliq»</a>. : Official Faiz Nastaʿlīq site</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ANastalique&rft.btitle=Faiz+Nastaliq&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.faiznastaliq.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://alvi.urdushare.net/blog/200811/download-alvi-nastaleeq/">«Alvi Nastaleeq»</a>. :Ligature based <i>Alvi Nastaleeq</i> for web, faster than <i>Nafees Nastaleeq</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ANastalique&rft.btitle=Alvi+Nastaleeq&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Falvi.urdushare.net%2Fblog%2F200811%2Fdownload-alvi-nastaleeq%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://urdu-digest.blogspot.com">«Urdu Digest Blog»</a>. :Read free Urdu stories in Alvi Nastaleeq</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ANastalique&rft.btitle=Urdu+Digest+Blog&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Furdu-digest.blogspot.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://calligraphiepersane.free.fr">«Short introduction to Persian calligraphy»</a> (em francês)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ANastalique&rft.btitle=Short+introduction+to+Persian+calligraphy&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcalligraphiepersane.free.fr&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://calligraphyislamic.com">«Profiles and works of World Islamic calligraphy»</a> (em francês)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ANastalique&rft.btitle=Profiles+and+works+of+World+Islamic+calligraphy&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcalligraphyislamic.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wegoiran.com/iran-information/iran-culture/nastaliq-script-persian-calligraphy.htm">«Nastaliq Script»</a>. :Persian Calligraphy</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ANastalique&rft.btitle=Nastaliq+Script&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.wegoiran.com%2Firan-information%2Firan-culture%2Fnastaliq-script-persian-calligraphy.htm&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <ul class="noprint navigation-box" style="border-top: solid silver 1px; 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