CINXE.COM

Boro – Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="pt" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Boro – Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )ptwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t."," \t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","janeiro","fevereiro","março","abril","maio","junho","julho","agosto","setembro","outubro","novembro","dezembro"],"wgRequestId":"a83c24e4-40bd-47d5-ab5d-a9053fb50e51","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Boro","wgTitle":"Boro","wgCurRevisionId":68653035,"wgRevisionId":68653035,"wgArticleId":5672,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["!CS1 inglês-fontes em língua (en)","!CS1 manut: Nomes múltiplos: lista de autores","!CS1 manut: número-autores","!Páginas que usam referências com parâmetros obsoletas","!Páginas que usam hiperligações mágicas ISBN","!Artigos que carecem de notas de rodapé desde maio de 2024","!Artigos que carecem de notas de rodapé sem indicação de tema","!Artigos bons na Wikipédia em eslovaco","!Artigos destacados na Wikipédia em árabe", "!Artigos bons na Wikipédia em inglês","!Artigos bons na Wikipédia em japonês","!Páginas com mapas","Boro"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"pt","wgPageContentLanguage":"pt","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Boro","wgRelevantArticleId":5672,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"pt","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"pt"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":50000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true, "wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q618","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":true,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false,"wgSiteNoticeId":"2.30"};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.FeedbackHighlight-base":"ready","ext.gadget.keepPDU":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.kartographer.style":"ready","ext.tmh.player.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready", "ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready","ext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.kartographer.link","mediawiki.page.media","ext.tmh.player","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.Topicon","ext.gadget.Metacaixa","ext.gadget.TitleRewrite","ext.gadget.ElementosOcultaveis","ext.gadget.FeedbackHighlight","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.NewVillagePump","ext.gadget.wikibugs","ext.gadget.charinsert","ext.gadget.requestForAdminship","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.gadget.PagesForDeletion","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022", "ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","oojs-ui.styles.icons-media","oojs-ui-core.icons","wikibase.sidebar.tracking","ext.dismissableSiteNotice"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=pt&amp;modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles%7Cext.kartographer.style%7Cext.tmh.player.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=pt&amp;modules=startup&amp;only=scripts&amp;raw=1&amp;skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=pt&amp;modules=ext.gadget.FeedbackHighlight-base%2CkeepPDU&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=pt&amp;modules=site.styles&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1d/Boron_99.7_percent.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="900"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Boron_99.7_percent.jpg/800px-Boron_99.7_percent.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="600"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Boron_99.7_percent.jpg/640px-Boron_99.7_percent.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="480"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Boro – Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//pt.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boro"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Editar" href="/w/index.php?title=Boro&amp;action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipédia (pt)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//pt.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boro"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.pt"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="&#039;&#039;Feed&#039;&#039; Atom Wikipédia" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Mudan%C3%A7as_recentes&amp;feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Boro rootpage-Boro skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Saltar para o conteúdo</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="&#039;&#039;Site&#039;&#039;"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menu principal" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menu principal</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menu principal</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">mover para a barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">ocultar</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navegação </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:P%C3%A1gina_principal" title="Visitar a página principal [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Página principal</span></a></li><li id="n-featuredcontent" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Conte%C3%BAdo_destacado"><span>Conteúdo destacado</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Eventos_atuais" title="Informação temática sobre eventos atuais"><span>Eventos atuais</span></a></li><li id="n-villagepump" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Esplanada"><span>Esplanada</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Aleat%C3%B3ria" title="Carregar página aleatória [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Página aleatória</span></a></li><li id="n-portals" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%C3%8Dndice"><span>Portais</span></a></li><li id="n-bug_in_article" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Informe_um_erro"><span>Informar um erro</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Colaboração </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-welcome" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Boas-vindas"><span>Boas-vindas</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:P%C3%A1gina_principal" title="Um local reservado para auxílio."><span>Ajuda</span></a></li><li id="n-Páginas-de-testes-públicas" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:P%C3%A1gina_de_testes"><span>Páginas de testes públicas</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Portal_comunit%C3%A1rio" title="Sobre o projeto"><span>Portal comunitário</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Mudan%C3%A7as_recentes" title="Uma lista de mudanças recentes nesta wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Mudanças recentes</span></a></li><li id="n-maintenance" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Manuten%C3%A7%C3%A3o"><span>Manutenção</span></a></li><li id="n-createpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Guia_de_edi%C3%A7%C3%A3o/Como_come%C3%A7ar_uma_p%C3%A1gina"><span>Criar página</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A1ginas_novas"><span>Páginas novas</span></a></li><li id="n-contact-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Contato"><span>Contato</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:P%C3%A1gina_principal" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipédia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-fr.svg" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-pt.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Especial:Pesquisar" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Pesquisar na Wikipédia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Busca</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Pesquisar na Wikipédia" aria-label="Pesquisar na Wikipédia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Pesquisar na Wikipédia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Especial:Pesquisar"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Pesquisar</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Ferramentas pessoais"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspeto"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page&#039;s font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aspeto" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aspeto</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=20120521SB001&amp;uselang=pt" class=""><span>Donativos</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Criar_conta&amp;returnto=Boro" title="É encorajado a criar uma conta e iniciar sessão; no entanto, não é obrigatório" class=""><span>Criar uma conta</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Entrar&amp;returnto=Boro" title="Aconselhamos-lhe a criar uma conta na Wikipédia, embora tal não seja obrigatório. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Entrar</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Mais opções" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ferramentas pessoais" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ferramentas pessoais</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu do utilizador" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=20120521SB001&amp;uselang=pt"><span>Donativos</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Criar_conta&amp;returnto=Boro" title="É encorajado a criar uma conta e iniciar sessão; no entanto, não é obrigatório"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Criar uma conta</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Entrar&amp;returnto=Boro" title="Aconselhamos-lhe a criar uma conta na Wikipédia, embora tal não seja obrigatório. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Entrar</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Páginas para editores sem sessão iniciada <a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Introduction" aria-label="Saiba mais sobre edição"><span>saber mais</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Minhas_contribui%C3%A7%C3%B5es" title="Uma lista de edições feitas a partir deste endereço IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contribuições</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Minha_discuss%C3%A3o" title="Discussão sobre edições feitas a partir deste endereço IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussão</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-close\"\u003E[\u003Ca tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"\u003Eocultar\u003C/a\u003E]\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-body\"\u003E\u003C!-- CentralNotice --\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\"localNotice\" data-nosnippet=\"\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"anonnotice\" lang=\"pt\" dir=\"ltr\"\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="&#039;&#039;Site&#039;&#039;"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Conteúdo" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Conteúdo</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mover para a barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ocultar</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Início</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-História" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#História"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>História</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-História-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Abundância_e_obtenção" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abundância_e_obtenção"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Abundância e obtenção</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Abundância_e_obtenção-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Características" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Características"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Características</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Características-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Alternar a subsecção Características</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Características-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Propriedades_físicas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Propriedades_físicas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Propriedades físicas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Propriedades_físicas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Isótopos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Isótopos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Isótopos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Isótopos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Propriedades_químicas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Propriedades_químicas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Propriedades químicas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Propriedades_químicas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Produção" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Produção"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Produção</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Produção-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Alternar a subsecção Produção</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Produção-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tendência_de_mercado" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tendência_de_mercado"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Tendência de mercado</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tendência_de_mercado-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aplicações" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aplicações"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Aplicações</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Aplicações-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Alternar a subsecção Aplicações</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Aplicações-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Agentes_alvejantes_e_detergentes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Agentes_alvejantes_e_detergentes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Agentes alvejantes e detergentes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Agentes_alvejantes_e_detergentes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aplicações_biológicas_e_farmacêuticas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aplicações_biológicas_e_farmacêuticas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Aplicações biológicas e farmacêuticas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aplicações_biológicas_e_farmacêuticas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cerâmicas_e_vidrarias" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cerâmicas_e_vidrarias"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Cerâmicas e vidrarias</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cerâmicas_e_vidrarias-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Compostos_abrasivos_e_superduros" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Compostos_abrasivos_e_superduros"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Compostos abrasivos e superduros</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Compostos_abrasivos_e_superduros-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inseticida" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inseticida"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Inseticida</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inseticida-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Magnetos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Magnetos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Magnetos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Magnetos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pesquisas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pesquisas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.7</span> <span>Pesquisas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pesquisas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Semicondutores" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Semicondutores"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.8</span> <span>Semicondutores</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Semicondutores-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Outras_aplicações" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Outras_aplicações"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.9</span> <span>Outras aplicações</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Outras_aplicações-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Papel_biológico" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Papel_biológico"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Papel biológico</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Papel_biológico-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Alternar a subsecção Papel biológico</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Papel_biológico-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Nutrição" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nutrição"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Nutrição</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nutrição-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Toxicologia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Toxicologia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Toxicologia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Toxicologia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ver_também" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ver_também"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Ver também</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ver_também-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referências" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referências"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Referências</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referências-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Conteúdo" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alternar o índice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alternar o índice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Boro</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir para um artigo noutra língua. Disponível em 165 línguas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-165" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">165 línguas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boor_(element)" title="Boor (element) — africanês" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Boor (element)" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="africanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%A6%E1%88%AE%E1%8A%95" title="ቦሮን — amárico" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቦሮን" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amárico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boro" title="Boro — aragonês" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Boro" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8" title="बोरॉन — angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="बोरॉन" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo destacado"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86" title="بورون — árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بورون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1" title="بور — Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="بور" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86" title="بورون — Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بورون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%27%E0%A7%B0%E0%A6%A3" title="ব&#039;ৰণ — assamês" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ব&#039;ৰণ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boru" title="Boru — asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Boru" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8" title="बोरोन — awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="बोरोन" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bor" title="Bor — azerbaijano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bor" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1" title="بور — South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بور" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron" title="Boron — balinês" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Boron" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron" title="Boron — Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Boron" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80_(%D1%85%D1%96%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Бор (хімічны элемент) — bielorrusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Бор (хімічны элемент)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80_(%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Бор (элемэнт) — Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Бор (элемэнт)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80_(%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Бор (елемент) — búlgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Бор (елемент)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8" title="बोरॉन — Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="बोरॉन" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%98%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA" title="ဘိုရွန် — Pa&#039;O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ဘိုရွန်" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa&#039;O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A8" title="বোরন — bengalês" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বোরন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%9A%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%93%E0%BD%82" title="ཚ་ནག — tibetano" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཚ་ནག" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bor" title="Bor — bretão" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Bor" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bor_(element)" title="Bor (element) — bósnio" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Bor (element)" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bósnio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bor" title="Bor — catalão" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bor" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%A8ng" title="Bèng — Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Bèng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boro" title="Boro — cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Boro" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%86%D8%B1%DB%86%D9%86" title="بۆرۆن — curdo central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بۆرۆن" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="curdo central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boru" title="Boru — córsico" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Boru" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="córsico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bor_(prvek)" title="Bor (prvek) — checo" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bor (prvek)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80_(%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Бор (элемент) — chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Бор (элемент)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron" title="Boron — galês" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Boron" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bor_(grundstof)" title="Bor (grundstof) — dinamarquês" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bor (grundstof)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dinamarquês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bor" title="Bor — alemão" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bor" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%84%DE%AF%DE%83%DE%AF%DE%82%DE%B0" title="ބޯރޯން — divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ބޯރޯން" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CF%8C%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Βόριο — grego" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βόριο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo bom"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron" title="Boron — inglês" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Boron" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boro" title="Boro — esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Boro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boro" title="Boro — espanhol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Boro" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boor" title="Boor — estónio" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Boor" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estónio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boro" title="Boro — basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Boro" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1" title="بور — persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بور" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo recomendado"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boori" title="Boori — finlandês" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Boori" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bor_(frumevni)" title="Bor (frumevni) — feroês" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Bor (frumevni)" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bore" title="Bore — francês" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bore" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boor" title="Boor — frísio setentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Boor" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frísio setentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B4r" title="Bôr — friulano" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Bôr" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friulano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boar_(elemint)" title="Boar (elemint) — frísico ocidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Boar (elemint)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frísico ocidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B3r%C3%B3n" title="Bórón — irlandês" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Bórón" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A1%BC" title="硼 — gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="硼" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B2ron" title="Bòron — gaélico escocês" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Bòron" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaélico escocês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boro" title="Boro — galego" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Boro" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AC%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%A8" title="બોરોન — guzerate" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="બોરોન" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="guzerate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron" title="Boron — manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Boron" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%C3%ACn" title="Phìn — hacá" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Phìn" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hacá" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron" title="Boron — havaiano" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Boron" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="havaiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8_(%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%95%D7%93)" title="בור (יסוד) — hebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בור (יסוד)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8" title="बोरॉन — hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बोरॉन" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron" title="Boron — Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Boron" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bor_(element)" title="Bor (element) — croata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bor (element)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B3r" title="Bór — húngaro" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bór" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%B8%D6%80_(%D6%84%D5%AB%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D6%80)" title="Բոր (քիմիական տարր) — arménio" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բոր (քիմիական տարր)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boro" title="Boro — interlíngua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Boro" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlíngua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron" title="Boron — indonésio" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Boron" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borono" title="Borono — ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Borono" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B3r" title="Bór — islandês" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Bór" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boro" title="Boro — italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Boro" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo bom"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9B%E3%82%A6%E7%B4%A0" title="ホウ素 — japonês" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ホウ素" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buoran" title="Buoran — Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Buoran" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/jicmrboro" title="jicmrboro — lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="jicmrboro" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron" title="Boron — javanês" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Boron" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ბორი — georgiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბორი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C9%94r%C9%A9" title="Bɔrɩ — Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Bɔrɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron" title="Boron — quicuio" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Boron" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="quicuio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80_(%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Бор (элемент) — cazaque" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Бор (элемент)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="cazaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D" title="ಬೋರಾನ್ — canarim" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಬೋರಾನ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="canarim" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B6%95%EC%86%8C" title="붕소 — coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="붕소" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bor" title="Bor — curdo" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Bor" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curdo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Бор — komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Бор" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron" title="Boron — córnico" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Boron" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="córnico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borium" title="Borium — latim" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Borium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latim" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bor" title="Bor — luxemburguês" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Bor" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburguês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boor" title="Boor — limburguês" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Boor" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburguês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boro" title="Boro — Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Boro" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bor" title="Bor — Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Bor" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boro" title="Boro — lombardo" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Boro" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolo" title="Bolo — lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Bolo" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boras" title="Boras — lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Boras" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bors" title="Bors — letão" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Bors" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Бора — mocsa" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Бора" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="mocsa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C5%ABtiwha" title="Pūtiwha — maori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Pūtiwha" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="maori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80_(%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Бор (елемент) — macedónio" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Бор (елемент)" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedónio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BA" title="ബോറോൺ — malaiala" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബോറോൺ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malaiala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80_(%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Бор (химийн элемент) — mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Бор (химийн элемент)" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯕꯣꯔꯣꯟ — manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯕꯣꯔꯣꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%A8" title="बोरॉन — marata" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="बोरॉन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80_(%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Бор (элемент) — Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Бор (элемент)" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron" title="Boron — malaio" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Boron" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%98%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BD%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA" title="ဘိုရွန် — birmanês" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဘိုရွန်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80_(%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Бор (элемент) — erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Бор (элемент)" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xacoiztatl" title="Xacoiztatl — Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Xacoiztatl" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bor_(Element)" title="Bor (Element) — baixo-alemão" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Bor (Element)" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="baixo-alemão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8" title="बोरोन — newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="बोरोन" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boor_(element)" title="Boor (element) — neerlandês" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Boor (element)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grunnstoffet_bor" title="Grunnstoffet bor — norueguês nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Grunnstoffet bor" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norueguês nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bor_(grunnstoff)" title="Bor (grunnstoff) — norueguês bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bor (grunnstoff)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norueguês bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bore" title="Bore — Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Bore" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B2r" title="Bòr — occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Bòr" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borum" title="Borum — Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Borum" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Booroonii" title="Booroonii — oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Booroonii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AC%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%A8" title="ବୋରନ — oriá" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ବୋରନ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="oriá" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80_(%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Бор (элемент) — ossético" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Бор (элемент)" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossético" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8" title="ਬੋਰਾਨ — panjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬੋਰਾਨ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%A8" title="बोरोन — páli" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="बोरोन" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="páli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bor" title="Bor — polaco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Bor" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B2r" title="Bòr — Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Bòr" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86" title="بورون — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بورون" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86" title="بورون — pastó" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="بورون" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pastó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Purun" title="Purun — quíchua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Purun" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quíchua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bor_(element)" title="Bor (element) — romeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Bor (element)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boru" title="Boru — aromeno" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Boru" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="aromeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80_(%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Бор (элемент) — russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бор (элемент)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="बोरान — sânscrito" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="बोरान" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sânscrito" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%B5%E1%B1%B3%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%B1" title="ᱵᱳᱨᱚᱱ — santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱵᱳᱨᱚᱱ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boru" title="Boru — sardo" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Boru" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boru" title="Boru — siciliano" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Boru" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron" title="Boron — scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Boron" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86" title="بورون — sindi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="بورون" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bor_(element)" title="Bor (element) — servo-croata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Bor (element)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="servo-croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A" title="බෝරෝන් — cingalês" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="බෝරෝන්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="cingalês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron" title="Boron — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Boron" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo bom"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B3r" title="Bór — eslovaco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Bór" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bor_(element)" title="Bor (element) — esloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Bor (element)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhawaraki" title="Bhawaraki — shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Bhawaraki" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Booron" title="Booron — somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Booron" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bori" title="Bori — albanês" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Bori" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80_(%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Бор (хемијски елемент) — sérvio" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бор (хемијски елемент)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sérvio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bor" title="Bor — Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Bor" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron" title="Boron — sundanês" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Boron" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bor" title="Bor — sueco" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bor" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boroni" title="Boroni — suaíli" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Boroni" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suaíli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D" title="போரான் — tâmil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="போரான்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tâmil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D" title="బోరాన్ — telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="బోరాన్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80_(%D1%83%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%83%D1%80)" title="Бор (унсур) — tajique" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Бор (унсур)" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tajique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99" title="โบรอน — tailandês" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โบรอน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tailandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boron" title="Boron — tagalo" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Boron" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bor" title="Bor — turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bor" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80_(%D1%8D%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82)" title="Бор (элемент) — tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Бор (элемент)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1" title="بور — uigur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="بور" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Бор — ucraniano" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бор" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86" title="بورون — urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بورون" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bor_(unsur)" title="Bor (unsur) — usbeque" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Bor (unsur)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbeque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bor_(himine_element)" title="Bor (himine element) — Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Bor (himine element)" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bor" title="Bor — vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Bor" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borin" title="Borin — volapuque" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Borin" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapuque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boro" title="Boro — waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Boro" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A1%BC" title="硼 — wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="硼" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Борон — kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Борон" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%90%D7%A8_(%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%98)" title="באר (עלעמענט) — iídiche" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="באר (עלעמענט)" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="iídiche" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%B3r%E1%BB%8D%CC%80n%C3%B9" title="Bórọ̀nù — ioruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Bórọ̀nù" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="ioruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%B1%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%94" title="ⴰⴱⵓⵔ — tamazight marroquino padrão" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴰⴱⵓⵔ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="tamazight marroquino padrão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A1%BC" title="硼 — chinês" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="硼" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A1%BC" title="硼 — Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="硼" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%C3%AAng-s%C3%B2%CD%98" title="Phêng-sò͘ — min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Phêng-sò͘" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A1%BC" title="硼 — cantonês" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="硼" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UmBohlwa" title="UmBohlwa — zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="UmBohlwa" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q618#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editar hiperligações interlínguas" class="wbc-editpage">Editar hiperligações</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaços nominais"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Boro" title="Ver a página de conteúdo [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artigo</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discuss%C3%A3o:Boro" rel="discussion" title="Discussão sobre o conteúdo da página [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussão</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mudar a variante da língua" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">português</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vistas"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Boro"><span>Ler</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boro&amp;veaction=edit" title="Editar esta página [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editar</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boro&amp;action=edit" title="Editar o código-fonte desta página [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editar código-fonte</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boro&amp;action=history" title="Edições anteriores desta página. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Ver histórico</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Ferramentas de página"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ferramentas" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ferramentas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Ferramentas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mover para a barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ocultar</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Mais opções" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Operações </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Boro"><span>Ler</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boro&amp;veaction=edit" title="Editar esta página [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editar</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boro&amp;action=edit" title="Editar o código-fonte desta página [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editar código-fonte</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boro&amp;action=history"><span>Ver histórico</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Geral </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A1ginas_afluentes/Boro" title="Lista de todas as páginas que contêm hiperligações para esta [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Páginas afluentes</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Altera%C3%A7%C3%B5es_relacionadas/Boro" rel="nofollow" title="Mudanças recentes nas páginas para as quais esta contém hiperligações [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Alterações relacionadas</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Carregar_ficheiro" title="Carregar ficheiros [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Carregar ficheiro</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A1ginas_especiais" title="Lista de páginas especiais [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Páginas especiais</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boro&amp;oldid=68653035" title="Hiperligação permanente para esta revisão desta página"><span>Hiperligação permanente</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boro&amp;action=info" title="Mais informações sobre esta página"><span>Informações da página</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Citar&amp;page=Boro&amp;id=68653035&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informação sobre como citar esta página"><span>Citar esta página</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:UrlShortener&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBoro"><span>Obter URL encurtado</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBoro"><span>Descarregar código QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimir/exportar </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Livro&amp;bookcmd=book_creator&amp;referer=Boro"><span>Criar um livro</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=Boro&amp;action=show-download-screen"><span>Descarregar como PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boro&amp;printable=yes" title="Versão para impressão desta página [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versão para impressão</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Noutros projetos </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Boron" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q618" title="Hiperligação para o elemento do repositório de dados [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Elemento Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Ferramentas de página"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspeto"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspeto</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mover para a barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ocultar</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Origem: Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pt" dir="ltr"><div class="hatnote"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/20px-Disambig_grey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/30px-Disambig_grey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/40px-Disambig_grey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="200" /></span></span>&#160;<b>Nota:</b> por <a href="/wiki/Paron%C3%ADmia" title="Paronímia">paronímia</a>, você também pode estar procurado por <a href="/wiki/B%C3%B3hrio" title="Bóhrio">bóhrio</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r68971778">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}.mw-parser-output .cmbox{margin:3px 0;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:#dfe8ff;box-sizing:border-box;color:var(--color-base)}.mw-parser-output .cmbox-speedy{border:4px solid #b32424;background-color:#ffdbdb}.mw-parser-output .cmbox-delete{background-color:#ffdbdb}.mw-parser-output .cmbox-content{background-color:#ffe7ce}.mw-parser-output .cmbox-style{background-color:#fff9db}.mw-parser-output .cmbox-move{background-color:#e4d8ff}.mw-parser-output .cmbox-protection{background-color:#efefe1}.mw-parser-output .cmbox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .cmbox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .cmbox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .cmbox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .cmbox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .cmbox{margin:3px 10%}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cmbox{background-color:#0d1a27}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cmbox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cmbox-delete{background-color:#300}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cmbox-content{background-color:#331a00}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cmbox-style{background-color:#332b00}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cmbox-move{background-color:#08001a}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cmbox-protection{background-color:#212112}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cmbox{background-color:#0d1a27}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cmbox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cmbox-delete{background-color:#300}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cmbox-content{background-color:#331a00}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cmbox-style{background-color:#332b00}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cmbox-move{background-color:#08001a}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cmbox-protection{background-color:#212112}}.mw-parser-output .fmbox{clear:both;margin:0.2em 0;width:100%;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);box-sizing:border-box;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .fmbox-warning{border:1px solid #bb7070;background-color:#ffdbdb}.mw-parser-output .fmbox-editnotice{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .fmbox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .fmbox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .fmbox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .fmbox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .fmbox-warning{background-color:#683131}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .fmbox-warning{background-color:#683131}}.mw-parser-output .imbox{margin:4px 0;border-collapse:collapse;border:3px solid #36c;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .imbox .mbox-text .imbox{margin:0 -0.5em;display:block}.mw-parser-output .imbox-speedy{border:3px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .imbox-delete{border:3px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .imbox-content{border:3px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .imbox-style{border:3px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .imbox-move{border:3px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .imbox-protection{border:3px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .imbox-license{border:3px solid #88a}.mw-parser-output .imbox-featured{border:3px solid #cba135}.mw-parser-output .imbox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .imbox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .imbox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .imbox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .imbox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .imbox{margin:4px 10%}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .imbox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .imbox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 0;border-collapse:collapse;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{border:2px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ombox-delete{border:2px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ombox-content{border:1px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ombox-style{border:1px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ombox-move{border:1px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ombox-protection{border:2px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 10%}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.ombox img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}.mw-parser-output .tmbox{margin:4px 0;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #c0c090;background-color:#f8eaba;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmbox.mbox-small{font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .tmbox-speedy{border:2px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .tmbox-delete{border:2px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .tmbox-content{border:1px solid #c0c090}.mw-parser-output .tmbox-style{border:2px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .tmbox-move{border:2px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .tmbox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmbox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmbox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmbox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .tmbox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmbox{margin:4px 10%}.mw-parser-output .tmbox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmbox{background-color:#2e2505}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmbox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmbox{background-color:#2e2505}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmbox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.tmbox img{max-width:none!important}</style><table class="box-Mais_notas plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Esta página cita fontes, mas não cobrem todo o conteúdo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">Esta página <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Livro_de_estilo/Cite_as_fontes" title="Wikipédia:Livro de estilo/Cite as fontes">cita fontes</a>, mas que <b><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:V" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipédia:V">não cobrem</a> todo o conteúdo</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Ajude a <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Livro_de_estilo/Refer%C3%AAncias_e_notas_de_rodap%C3%A9" title="Wikipédia:Livro de estilo/Referências e notas de rodapé">inserir referências</a> (<small><i>Encontre fontes:</i> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/">ABW</a> &#160;&#8226;&#32; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.periodicos.capes.gov.br">CAPES</a> &#160;&#8226;&#32; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&amp;as_epq=Boro">Google</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?hl=pt&amp;tbm=nws&amp;q=Boro&amp;oq=Boro">N</a>&#160;&#8226;&#32;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?&amp;as_brr=0&amp;as_epq=Boro">L</a>&#160;&#8226;&#32;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=pt&amp;q=Boro">A</a>)</span></small>).</span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">Maio de 2024</span>)</i></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox_v2" cellspacing="7" border="0" style="padding: 0.1em; width:300px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="5"> <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" style="text-align: center;" width="100%"> <tbody><tr class="topo" style="font-size:150%; background-color:#cccc99;"> <td width="10%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Pix.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span> </td> <td width="80%" style="color:black;">Boro </td> <td width="10%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg/32px-Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg/48px-Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg/64px-Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="530" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </td></tr></tbody></table> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <table align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="100%" style="background:#f9f9f9"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" align="center" style="padding-bottom:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Ber%C3%ADlio" title="Berílio">Berílio</a> ← <b>Boro</b> → <a href="/wiki/Carbono" title="Carbono">Carbono</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="height:16px; valign:middle; text-align:center;"> </td> <td align="center" rowspan="5"> <table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="1" align="center" style="border-collapse:separate;width:248px;background-color:transparent;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#a0ffa0;"><a href="/wiki/Hidrog%C3%A9nio" title="Hidrogénio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="border:none;width:7px;padding:0;background-color:transparent;"> </td> <td colspan="14" rowspan="5" style="border:none;padding:0;background-color:transparent;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Tetragonal.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Tetragonal.png/32px-Tetragonal.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Tetragonal.png/48px-Tetragonal.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Tetragonal.png/64px-Tetragonal.png 2x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="170" /></a></span> </td> <td colspan="10" rowspan="3" style="border:none;text-align:center;padding:0;background-color:transparent;"> <table align="center" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="background-color:transparent; margin:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="font-size:10pt;border:none;padding:0;line-height:1em;background-color:transparent;">&#160;<br />5</td> <td style="font-size:16pt;border:none;padding:0;line-height:1em;background-color:transparent;"><b>B</b></td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td colspan="5" style="border:none;padding:0;background-color:transparent;"> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#c0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9lio" title="Hélio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff6666;"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADtio" title="Lítio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffdead;"><a href="/wiki/Ber%C3%ADlio" title="Berílio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#cccc99;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span style="float: left; width: 5px; height: 7px; font-size: 7px; line-height: 7px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;border:1px solid black">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#a0ffa0;"><a href="/wiki/Carbono" title="Carbono"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#a0ffa0;"><a href="/wiki/Azoto" title="Azoto"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#a0ffa0;"><a href="/wiki/Oxig%C3%A9nio" title="Oxigénio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffff99;"><a href="/wiki/Fl%C3%BAor" title="Flúor"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#c0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9on" title="Néon"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff6666;"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B3dio" title="Sódio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffdead;"><a href="/wiki/Magn%C3%A9sio" title="Magnésio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#cccccc;"><a href="/wiki/Alum%C3%ADnio" title="Alumínio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#cccc99;"><a href="/wiki/Sil%C3%ADcio" title="Silício"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#a0ffa0;"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%B3sforo" title="Fósforo"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#a0ffa0;"><a href="/wiki/Enxofre" title="Enxofre"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffff99;"><a href="/wiki/Cloro" title="Cloro"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#c0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%81rgon" title="Árgon"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff6666;"><a href="/wiki/Pot%C3%A1ssio" title="Potássio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffdead;"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1lcio" title="Cálcio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Esc%C3%A2ndio" title="Escândio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Tit%C3%A2nio" title="Titânio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Van%C3%A1dio" title="Vanádio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%B4mio" class="mw-redirect" title="Crômio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Mangan%C3%AAs" title="Manganês"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Ferro" title="Ferro"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Cobalto" title="Cobalto"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%ADquel" title="Níquel"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Cobre" title="Cobre"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Zinco" title="Zinco"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#cccccc;"><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A1lio" title="Gálio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#cccc99;"><a href="/wiki/Germ%C3%A2nio" title="Germânio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#cccc99;"><a href="/wiki/Ars%C3%AAnio" title="Arsênio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#a0ffa0;"><a href="/wiki/Sel%C3%AAnio" title="Selênio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffff99;"><a href="/wiki/Bromo" title="Bromo"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#c0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%ADpton" title="Crípton"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff6666;"><a href="/wiki/Rub%C3%ADdio" title="Rubídio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffdead;"><a href="/wiki/Estr%C3%B4ncio" title="Estrôncio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dtrio" title="Ítrio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Zirc%C3%B4nio" title="Zircônio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Ni%C3%B3bio" title="Nióbio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Molibd%C3%AAnio" title="Molibdênio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Tecn%C3%A9cio" title="Tecnécio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Rut%C3%AAnio" title="Rutênio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B3dio" title="Ródio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Pal%C3%A1dio" title="Paládio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Prata" title="Prata"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1dmio" title="Cádmio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#cccccc;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dndio_(elemento_qu%C3%ADmico)" title="Índio (elemento químico)"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#cccccc;"><a href="/wiki/Estanho" title="Estanho"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#cccc99;"><a href="/wiki/Antim%C3%B4nio" title="Antimônio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#cccc99;"><a href="/wiki/Tel%C3%BArio" title="Telúrio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffff99;"><a href="/wiki/Iodo" title="Iodo"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#c0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/Xen%C3%B4nio" title="Xenônio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff6666;"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sio" title="Césio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffdead;"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1rio" title="Bário"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffbfff;"><a href="/wiki/Lant%C3%A2nio" title="Lantânio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffbfff;"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9rio" title="Cério"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffbfff;"><a href="/wiki/Praseod%C3%ADmio" title="Praseodímio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffbfff;"><a href="/wiki/Neod%C3%ADmio" title="Neodímio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffbfff;"><a href="/wiki/Prom%C3%A9cio" title="Promécio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffbfff;"><a href="/wiki/Sam%C3%A1rio" title="Samário"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffbfff;"><a href="/wiki/Eur%C3%B3pio" title="Európio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffbfff;"><a href="/wiki/Gadol%C3%ADnio" title="Gadolínio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffbfff;"><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9rbio" title="Térbio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffbfff;"><a href="/wiki/Dispr%C3%B3sio" title="Disprósio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffbfff;"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B3lmio" title="Hólmio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffbfff;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89rbio" title="Érbio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffbfff;"><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BAlio" title="Túlio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffbfff;"><a href="/wiki/It%C3%A9rbio" title="Itérbio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffbfff;"><a href="/wiki/Lut%C3%A9cio" title="Lutécio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A1fnio" title="Háfnio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A2ntalo_(elemento_qu%C3%ADmico)" title="Tântalo (elemento químico)"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Tungst%C3%AAnio" title="Tungstênio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%AAnio" title="Rênio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%93smio" title="Ósmio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Ir%C3%ADdio" title="Irídio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Platina" title="Platina"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Ouro" title="Ouro"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Merc%C3%BArio_(elemento_qu%C3%ADmico)" title="Mercúrio (elemento químico)"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#cccccc;"><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A1lio" title="Tálio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#cccccc;"><a href="/wiki/Chumbo" title="Chumbo"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#cccccc;"><a href="/wiki/Bismuto" title="Bismuto"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#cccc99;"><a href="/wiki/Pol%C3%B4nio" title="Polônio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffff99;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%81stato" title="Ástato"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#c0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A1don" title="Rádon"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff6666;"><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A2ncio" title="Frâncio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffdead;"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A1dio_(elemento_qu%C3%ADmico)" title="Rádio (elemento químico)"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Act%C3%ADnio" title="Actínio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/T%C3%B3rio" title="Tório"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Protact%C3%ADnio" title="Protactínio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Ur%C3%A2nio" title="Urânio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Nept%C3%BAnio" title="Neptúnio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Plut%C3%B4nio" class="mw-redirect" title="Plutônio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Amer%C3%ADcio" title="Amerício"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%BArio" title="Cúrio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Berqu%C3%A9lio" title="Berquélio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Calif%C3%B3rnio" title="Califórnio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Einst%C3%AAnio" title="Einstênio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9rmio" title="Férmio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Mendel%C3%A9vio" title="Mendelévio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Nob%C3%A9lio" title="Nobélio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Laur%C3%AAncio" title="Laurêncio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Rutherf%C3%B3rdio" title="Rutherfórdio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BAbnio" title="Dúbnio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Seab%C3%B3rgio" title="Seabórgio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%B3hrio" title="Bóhrio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A1ssio" title="Hássio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Meitn%C3%A9rio" title="Meitnério"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Darmst%C3%A1cio" class="mw-redirect" title="Darmstácio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Roentg%C3%AAnio" title="Roentgênio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Copern%C3%ADcio" title="Copernício"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#E8E8E8;"><a href="/wiki/Nip%C3%B3nio" class="mw-redirect" title="Nipónio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#E8E8E8;"><a href="/wiki/Fler%C3%B3vio" title="Fleróvio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#E8E8E8;"><a href="/wiki/Mosc%C3%B3vio" title="Moscóvio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#E8E8E8;"><a href="/wiki/Liverm%C3%B3rio" title="Livermório"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#fcfecc;"><a href="/wiki/Tenesso" title="Tenesso"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#c0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/Ogan%C3%A9sson" class="mw-redirect" title="Oganésson"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="height:16px; valign:middle; text-align:center;">↑ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="height:16px; valign:middle; text-align:center;"><b>B</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="height:16px; valign:middle; text-align:center;">↓ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="height:16px; valign:middle; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Alum%C3%ADnio" title="Alumínio">Al</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" align="center" style="padding-top:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Tabela_peri%C3%B3dica" title="Tabela periódica">Tabela completa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tabela_peri%C3%B3dica_estendida" title="Tabela periódica estendida">Tabela estendida</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color:#cccc99; text-align: center; padding: 3px; line-height: 15px;">Aparência </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center">marrom, preto<br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Boron_99.7_percent.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Boron_99.7_percent.jpg/230px-Boron_99.7_percent.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Boron_99.7_percent.jpg/345px-Boron_99.7_percent.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Boron_99.7_percent.jpg/460px-Boron_99.7_percent.jpg 2x" data-file-width="889" data-file-height="667" /></a></span><br /><small>Pedaços de boro de 99,7% de pureza.</small> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color:#cccc99; text-align: center; padding: 3px; line-height: 15px;">Informações gerais </th></tr> <tr> <td width="60%"><a href="/wiki/Lista_de_elementos_qu%C3%ADmicos" title="Lista de elementos químicos">Nome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lista_de_elementos_qu%C3%ADmicos" title="Lista de elementos químicos">símbolo</a>, <a href="/wiki/N%C3%BAmero_at%C3%B3mico" title="Número atómico">número</a> </td> <td width="40%">Boro, B, 5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9rie_qu%C3%ADmica" title="Série química">Série química</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Semimetal" title="Semimetal">semimetal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Grupo_(qu%C3%ADmica)" title="Grupo (química)">Grupo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Per%C3%ADodo_(qu%C3%ADmica)" title="Período (química)">período</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bloco_da_tabela_peri%C3%B3dica" title="Bloco da tabela periódica">bloco</a> </td> <td>13 (IIIA), 2, p </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Densidade" title="Densidade">Densidade</a>, <a href="/wiki/Escala_de_Mohs" title="Escala de Mohs">dureza</a> </td> <td>2460 <a href="/wiki/Quilograma_por_metro_c%C3%BAbico" title="Quilograma por metro cúbico">kg/m<sup class="exposant">3</sup></a>, 9,3 </td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Registro_CAS" class="mw-redirect" title="Registro CAS">Número CAS</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"> <td><a href="/wiki/N%C3%BAmero_EINECS" title="Número EINECS">Número EINECS</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color:#cccc99; text-align: center; padding: 3px; line-height: 15px;">Propriedade atómicas </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Massa_at%C3%B3mica" title="Massa atómica">Massa atómica</a> </td> <td>10,811(7) <a href="/wiki/Unidade_de_massa_at%C3%B3mica" class="mw-redirect" title="Unidade de massa atómica">u</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Raio_at%C3%B3mico" title="Raio atómico">Raio atómico</a> <small>(calculado)</small> </td> <td>87 <a href="/wiki/Pic%C3%B4metro" class="mw-redirect" title="Picômetro">pm</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Raio_covalente" title="Raio covalente">Raio covalente</a> </td> <td>82 <a href="/wiki/Pic%C3%B4metro" class="mw-redirect" title="Picômetro">pm</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Raio_de_Van_der_Waals" title="Raio de Van der Waals">Raio de Van der Waals</a> </td> <td>192 <a href="/wiki/Pic%C3%B4metro" class="mw-redirect" title="Picômetro">pm</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Configura%C3%A7%C3%A3o_electr%C3%B3nica" class="mw-redirect" title="Configuração electrónica">Configuração electrónica</a> </td> <td>1s<sup>2</sup> 2s<sup>2</sup> 2p<sup>1</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/El%C3%A9tron" title="Elétron">Elétrons</a> <small>(por <a href="/wiki/N%C3%ADvel_de_energia" title="Nível de energia">nível de energia</a>)</small> </td> <td>2, 3 <small>(<a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Electron_shell_005_Boron.svg" title="Ficheiro:Electron shell 005 Boron.svg">ver imagem</a>)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Estado_de_oxida%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Estado de oxidação">Estado(s) de oxidação</a> </td> <td>4, <b>3</b>, 2, <b>1</b> (óxido ligeiramente <a href="/wiki/%C3%81cido" title="Ácido">ácido</a>) </td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"> <td><a href="/wiki/%C3%93xido" title="Óxido">Óxido</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Estrutura_cristalina" title="Estrutura cristalina">Estrutura cristalina</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sistema_tetragonal" class="mw-redirect" title="Sistema tetragonal">tetragonal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color:#cccc99; text-align: center; padding: 3px; line-height: 15px;">Propriedades físicas </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Estados_f%C3%ADsicos_da_mat%C3%A9ria" class="mw-redirect" title="Estados físicos da matéria">Estado da matéria</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B3lido" title="Sólido">sólido</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ponto_de_fus%C3%A3o" title="Ponto de fusão">Ponto de fusão</a> </td> <td>2348&#160;<a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ponto_de_ebuli%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Ponto de ebulição">Ponto de ebulição</a> </td> <td>4273&#160;<a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Calor_de_fus%C3%A3o" title="Calor de fusão">Entalpia de fusão</a> </td> <td>50,2 <a href="/wiki/Quilojoule_por_mol" title="Quilojoule por mol">kJ/mol</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Entalpia_de_vaporiza%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Entalpia de vaporização">Entalpia de vaporização</a> </td> <td>489,7 <a href="/wiki/Quilojoule_por_mol" title="Quilojoule por mol">kJ/mol</a> </td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Temperatura_cr%C3%ADtica" title="Temperatura crítica">Temperatura crítica</a> </td> <td>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a> </td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Press%C3%A3o_cr%C3%ADtica" title="Pressão crítica">Pressão crítica</a> </td> <td>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Pascal_(unidade)" title="Pascal (unidade)">Pa</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Volume_molar" title="Volume molar">Volume molar</a> </td> <td>4,85×10<sup>-6</sup> <a href="/wiki/Metro_c%C3%BAbico" title="Metro cúbico">m<sup class="exposant">3</sup></a>/<a href="/wiki/Mol" title="Mol">mol</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Press%C3%A3o_de_vapor" title="Pressão de vapor">Pressão de vapor</a> </td> <td>0,348 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Velocidade_do_som" title="Velocidade do som">Velocidade do som</a> </td> <td>16200 <a href="/wiki/Metro_por_segundo" title="Metro por segundo">m/s</a> a 20 <a href="/wiki/Grau_Celsius" title="Grau Celsius">°C</a> </td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Classe_magn%C3%A9tica" class="mw-redirect" title="Classe magnética">Classe magnética</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Susceptibilidade_magn%C3%A9tica" title="Susceptibilidade magnética">Susceptibilidade magnética</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Permeabilidade_magn%C3%A9tica" title="Permeabilidade magnética">Permeabilidade magnética</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Temperatura_de_Curie" title="Temperatura de Curie">Temperatura de Curie</a> </td> <td>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color:#cccc99; text-align: center; padding: 3px; line-height: 15px;">Diversos </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Eletronegatividade" title="Eletronegatividade">Eletronegatividade</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Escala_de_Pauling" title="Escala de Pauling">Pauling</a>)</small> </td> <td>2,04 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Calor_espec%C3%ADfico" title="Calor específico">Calor específico</a> </td> <td>1026 <a href="/wiki/Joule_por_quilograma_por_kelvin" class="mw-redirect" title="Joule por quilograma por kelvin">J/(kg·K)</a> </td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Condutividade_el%C3%A9trica" title="Condutividade elétrica">Condutividade elétrica</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Siemens_(unidade)" title="Siemens (unidade)">S</a>/m </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Condutividade_t%C3%A9rmica" title="Condutividade térmica">Condutividade térmica</a> </td> <td>27,4 <a href="/wiki/Watt_por_metro_por_kelvin" title="Watt por metro por kelvin">W/(m·K)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1.º <a href="/wiki/Potencial_de_ioniza%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Potencial de ionização">Potencial de ionização</a> </td> <td>800,6 <a href="/wiki/Quilojoule_por_mol" title="Quilojoule por mol">kJ/mol</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2.º Potencial de ionização </td> <td>2427,1 kJ/mol </td></tr> <tr> <td>3.º Potencial de ionização </td> <td>3659,7 kJ/mol </td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"> <td>4.º Potencial de ionização </td> <td>{{{potencial_ionização4}}} kJ/mol </td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"> <td>5.º Potencial de ionização </td> <td>{{{potencial_ionização5}}} kJ/mol </td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"> <td>6.º Potencial de ionização </td> <td>{{{potencial_ionização6}}} kJ/mol </td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"> <td>7.º Potencial de ionização </td> <td>{{{potencial_ionização7}}} kJ/mol </td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"> <td>8.º Potencial de ionização </td> <td>{{{potencial_ionização8}}} kJ/mol </td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"> <td>9.º Potencial de ionização </td> <td>{{{potencial_ionização9}}} kJ/mol </td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"> <td>10.º Potencial de ionização </td> <td>{{{potencial_ionização10}}} kJ/mol </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color:#cccc99; text-align: center; padding: 3px; line-height: 15px; margin-top:none; margin-left:none; margin-right:none;">Isótopos mais estáveis </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0px"> <table width="100%" rules="all" class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#f2f2f2;"> <td valign="middle" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Is%C3%B3topo" title="Isótopo">iso</a> </td> <td valign="middle" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Abund%C3%A2ncia_natural" title="Abundância natural">AN</a> </td> <td valign="middle" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Meia-vida" title="Meia-vida">Meia-vida</a> </td> <td valign="middle" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Modo_de_decaimento" class="mw-redirect" title="Modo de decaimento">MD</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Energia_de_decaimento" title="Energia de decaimento">Ed</a> </td> <td valign="middle" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Produto_de_decaimento" title="Produto de decaimento">PD</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f2f2f2;"> <td><a href="/wiki/El%C3%A9tron-volt" title="Elétron-volt">MeV</a> </td></tr> <tr><td><sup>10</sup>B</td><td>19,9%</td><td colspan="4">estável com 5 <a href="/wiki/N%C3%AAutron" title="Nêutron">neutrões</a></td> </tr> <tr><td><sup>11</sup>B</td><td>80,1%</td><td colspan="4">estável com 6 <a href="/wiki/N%C3%AAutron" title="Nêutron">neutrões</a></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; border-top: 2px #cccc99 solid; font-size: 80%;"><i>Unidades do <a href="/wiki/Sistema_Internacional_de_Unidades" title="Sistema Internacional de Unidades">SI</a> &amp; <a href="/wiki/Condi%C3%A7%C3%B5es_Normais_de_Temperatura_e_Press%C3%A3o" class="mw-redirect" title="Condições Normais de Temperatura e Pressão">CNTP</a>, salvo indicação contrária.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-ver"><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Elemento/infocaixa" class="mw-redirect" title="Predefinição:Elemento/infocaixa"><abbr title="Ver esta predefinição">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-discutir"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Discuss%C3%A3o:Elemento/infocaixa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Predefinição Discussão:Elemento/infocaixa (página não existe)"><abbr title="Discutir esta predefinição">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-editar"><a class="external text" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Elemento/infocaixa&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Editar esta predefinição">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>O <b>boro</b> é um <a href="/wiki/Elemento_qu%C3%ADmico" class="mw-redirect" title="Elemento químico">elemento químico</a> de <a href="/wiki/S%C3%ADmbolo_qu%C3%ADmico" title="Símbolo químico">símbolo</a> <b>B</b>, <a href="/wiki/N%C3%BAmero_at%C3%B4mico" class="mw-redirect" title="Número atômico">número atômico</a> 5 (5 <a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%B3ton" title="Próton">prótons</a> e 5 <a href="/wiki/El%C3%A9tron" title="Elétron">elétrons</a>) com <a href="/wiki/Massa_at%C3%B3mica" title="Massa atómica">massa atómica</a> 11 <a href="/wiki/Unidade_de_massa_at%C3%B3mica" class="mw-redirect" title="Unidade de massa atómica">u</a>. Ele é exclusivamente produzido pela <a href="/wiki/Espala%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Espalação">espalação</a> de <a href="/wiki/Raio_c%C3%B3smico" title="Raio cósmico">raios cósmicos</a> e não pela <a href="/wiki/Nucleoss%C3%ADntese_estelar" title="Nucleossíntese estelar">nucleossíntese estelar</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> e, por esse motivo, é um elemento escasso tanto no <a href="/wiki/Sistema_solar" class="mw-redirect" title="Sistema solar">sistema solar</a> quanto na <a href="/wiki/Crosta_terrestre" title="Crosta terrestre">crosta terrestre</a>. Concentra-se nas regiões com alta solubilidade hídrica de seus compostos naturais, os <a href="/wiki/Borato" title="Borato">boratos</a>. Estes são extraídos industrialmente pelos <a href="/wiki/Evaporito" title="Evaporito">evaporitos</a>, como o <a href="/wiki/B%C3%B3rax" title="Bórax">bórax</a> e a <a href="/wiki/Kernita" title="Kernita">kernita</a>. Os maiores depósitos de boro estão na <a href="/wiki/Turquia" title="Turquia">Turquia</a>. </p><p>É um elemento inerte, classificado como <a href="/wiki/Metaloide" class="mw-redirect" title="Metaloide">metaloide</a>, e é encontrado em pequenas amostras em <a href="/wiki/Meteoroide" title="Meteoroide">meteoroides</a>, porém não encontrados normalmente na Terra. A produção industrial em seu estado nativo é difícil, tendendo a produzir materiais refratários quando em contato com pequenas quantidades de carbono ou outros elementos químicos. Geralmente os alótropos de boro são <a href="/wiki/Amorfo" class="mw-redirect" title="Amorfo">amorfos</a>, e o boro é um pó marrom ou cristalino, escurecido, com elevada dureza (aproximadamente 9,5 na <a href="/wiki/Escala_de_Mohs" title="Escala de Mohs">escala de Mohs</a>) e com baixa condutividade elétrica em temperatura ambiente. Sua principal aplicação está na produção de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Filamento_de_boro&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Filamento de boro (página não existe)">filamentos de boro</a>, que são utilizados como um produto similar às fibras de carbono em materiais com alta resistência mecânica, úteis na indústria aeroespacial. </p><p>Quase todo o boro é utilizado na forma de compostos químicos. Metade do consumo mundial dos compostos de boro está na produção de aditivos para <a href="/wiki/Fibra_de_vidro" title="Fibra de vidro">fibras de vidro</a>, utilizada em isolamento ou como material estrutural. Seus compostos também são utilizados em grande proporção na produção de <a href="/wiki/Pol%C3%ADmero" title="Polímero">polímeros</a> e <a href="/wiki/Cer%C3%A2mica" title="Cerâmica">cerâmicas</a>, cujas estruturas necessitam de elevada relação peso/resistência, e de materiais refratários. O <a href="/wiki/Vidro_borossilicato" title="Vidro borossilicato">vidro borossilicato</a> é utilizado quando é necessária uma resistência mecânica e a choques térmicos maior que a de vidros produzidos pela cal sodada. Compostos de boro também são usados como <a href="/wiki/Fertilizante" title="Fertilizante">fertilizantes</a> na <a href="/wiki/Agricultura" title="Agricultura">agricultura</a>. Nas aplicações minoritárias, o boro é um importante dopante nos semicondutores, e os reagentes que contém boro são utilizados como intermediários na <a href="/wiki/S%C3%ADntese_org%C3%A2nica" title="Síntese orgânica">síntese orgânica</a> fina e nos compostos orgânicos utilizados na indústria farmacêutica (cuja parte dela está em fase de pesquisa ou já é encontrado no mercado?). O boro encontrado na natureza é composto de dois isótopos estáveis, dos quais o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Boro-10&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Boro-10 (página não existe)">boro-10</a> têm numerosas aplicações como agente de captura de nêutrons. </p><p>Na <a href="/wiki/Biologia" title="Biologia">biologia</a>, os <a href="/wiki/Boratos" class="mw-redirect" title="Boratos">boratos</a> têm uma baixa toxicidade nos <a href="/wiki/Mam%C3%ADfero" class="mw-redirect" title="Mamífero">mamíferos</a> (similar ao <a href="/wiki/Sal" title="Sal">sais</a>), porém são muito mais tóxicos aos <a href="/wiki/Artr%C3%B3pode" title="Artrópode">artrópodes</a>, e são utilizados como <a href="/wiki/Inseticidas" class="mw-redirect" title="Inseticidas">inseticidas</a>. O <a href="/wiki/%C3%81cido_b%C3%B3rico" title="Ácido bórico">ácido bórico</a> é um <a href="/wiki/Antimicrobiano" title="Antimicrobiano">antimicrobiano</a> mediano, e seus compostos são reconhecidos como antibióticos naturais.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> O boro é um microelemento fundamental para a vida, sendo necessárias pequenas quantidades de compostos de boro para o fortalecimento da <a href="/wiki/Parede_celular" title="Parede celular">parede celular</a> de todas as plantas (como também, no solo?). É um elemento ultratraço nos animais,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span>[</span>nota 1<span>]</span></a></sup> sendo desconhecida sua importância para a fisiologia.<sup id="cite_ref-toxidez_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-toxidez-4"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="História"><span id="Hist.C3.B3ria"></span>História</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boro&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Editar secção: História" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boro&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: História"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Sassolite.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Sassolite.jpg/150px-Sassolite.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Sassolite.jpg/225px-Sassolite.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Sassolite.jpg/300px-Sassolite.jpg 2x" data-file-width="535" data-file-height="510" /></a><figcaption>Mineral <a href="/wiki/Sassolita" title="Sassolita">Sassolita</a></figcaption></figure> <p>O nome tem como origem a palavra árabe <i><span class="Unicode">بورق </span></i> <i>buraq</i> ou a persa <i><span class="Unicode">بوره</span></i> <i>burah</i>;<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> que são nomes comuns ao mineral <a href="/wiki/B%C3%B3rax" title="Bórax">bórax</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup> Seus compostos são conhecidos desde a Antiguidade tendo sido utilizados na China, Egito e Babilônia.<sup id="cite_ref-geologia_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-geologia-7"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup> O bórax é encontrado nos desertos ocidentais do Tibete onde é conhecido como <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tincal&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tincal (página não existe)">tincal</a>. Vidros com bórax foram utilizados na China no século III e alguns destes objetos chegaram ao Ocidente, durante o qual o alquimista persa <a href="/wiki/J%C4%81bir_ibn_Hayy%C4%81n" class="mw-redirect" title="Jābir ibn Hayyān">Jābir ibn Hayyān</a> parece mencionar no século VII. <a href="/wiki/Marco_Polo" title="Marco Polo">Marco Polo</a> trouxe outros objetos com bórax para a Itália durante o século XIII. Agrícola, por volta de 1600, relatou o uso do bórax na <a href="/wiki/Metalurgia" title="Metalurgia">metalurgia</a> e em 1777 o <a href="/wiki/%C3%81cido_b%C3%B3rico" title="Ácido bórico">ácido bórico</a> foi reconhecido nas <a href="/wiki/Fontes_termais" class="mw-redirect" title="Fontes termais">fontes termais</a> próximas a Florença, Itália, e passou a ser conhecido como <i>sal sedativum</i> devido aos seus usos médicos. Um de seus minerais, a <a href="/wiki/Sassolita" title="Sassolita">sassolita</a>, é encontrada perto de Sasso, Itália, que foi a principal mina de bórax de origem europeia de 1827 a 1872, quando as minas americanas e turcas substituiram os produtores de pequena escala.<sup id="cite_ref-geologia_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-geologia-7"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-borates_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-borates-8"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-boron_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-boron-9"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup> Os compostos foram relativamente pouco usados na química até o final da década de 1800, quando a <i>Pacific Coast Borax Company</i> de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Marion_Smith&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Francis Marion Smith (página não existe)">Francis Marion Smith</a> popularizou estes compostos em grandes quantidades e por preços baixos.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/NIR-Electrofluorochromic-Properties-of-Aza-Boron-dipyrromethene-Dyes-srep18867-s1.ogv/220px--NIR-Electrofluorochromic-Properties-of-Aza-Boron-dipyrromethene-Dyes-srep18867-s1.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="165" data-durationhint="20" data-mwtitle="NIR-Electrofluorochromic-Properties-of-Aza-Boron-dipyrromethene-Dyes-srep18867-s1.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/Ficheiro:NIR-Electrofluorochromic-Properties-of-Aza-Boron-dipyrromethene-Dyes-srep18867-s1.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4e/NIR-Electrofluorochromic-Properties-of-Aza-Boron-dipyrromethene-Dyes-srep18867-s1.ogv/NIR-Electrofluorochromic-Properties-of-Aza-Boron-dipyrromethene-Dyes-srep18867-s1.ogv.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp9, opus&quot;" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4e/NIR-Electrofluorochromic-Properties-of-Aza-Boron-dipyrromethene-Dyes-srep18867-s1.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs=&quot;theora, vorbis&quot;" data-width="640" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4e/NIR-Electrofluorochromic-Properties-of-Aza-Boron-dipyrromethene-Dyes-srep18867-s1.ogv/NIR-Electrofluorochromic-Properties-of-Aza-Boron-dipyrromethene-Dyes-srep18867-s1.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="192" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4e/NIR-Electrofluorochromic-Properties-of-Aza-Boron-dipyrromethene-Dyes-srep18867-s1.ogv/NIR-Electrofluorochromic-Properties-of-Aza-Boron-dipyrromethene-Dyes-srep18867-s1.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp9, opus&quot;" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4e/NIR-Electrofluorochromic-Properties-of-Aza-Boron-dipyrromethene-Dyes-srep18867-s1.ogv/NIR-Electrofluorochromic-Properties-of-Aza-Boron-dipyrromethene-Dyes-srep18867-s1.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp9, opus&quot;" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/4e/NIR-Electrofluorochromic-Properties-of-Aza-Boron-dipyrromethene-Dyes-srep18867-s1.ogv/NIR-Electrofluorochromic-Properties-of-Aza-Boron-dipyrromethene-Dyes-srep18867-s1.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp8, vorbis&quot;" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>Electrofluorochromic Properties of Aza Boron dipyrromethene</figcaption></figure> <p>O boro não foi reconhecido como um elemento até que fosse isolado por <i>Sir</i> <a href="/wiki/Humphry_Davy" title="Humphry Davy">Humphry Davy</a><sup id="cite_ref-Davy_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davy-11"><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></a></sup> e por <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Louis_Gay-Lussac" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac">Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac</a> e <a href="/wiki/Louis_Jacques_Th%C3%A9nard" title="Louis Jacques Thénard">Louis Jacques Thénard</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Lussac_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lussac-12"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup> Em 1808 Davy observou que a corrente elétrica enviada a uma solução de boratos produzia um precipitado marrom em um dos eletrodos. Em experimentos subsequentes ele utilizou <a href="/wiki/Pot%C3%A1ssio" title="Potássio">potássio</a> para reduzir o ácido bórico ao invés da <a href="/wiki/Eletr%C3%B3lise" title="Eletrólise">eletrólise</a>. Ele então produziu boro o suficiente para confirmar um novo elemento que nomeou como <i>boracium</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Davy_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davy-11"><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></a></sup> Gay-Lussac e Thénard usaram <a href="/wiki/Ferro" title="Ferro">ferro</a> para reduzir o ácido bórico em altas temperaturas. Eles demonstraram pela oxidação do boro com o ar que o ácido bórico é um produto desta reação.<sup id="cite_ref-Lussac_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lussac-12"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-weeks_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-weeks-13"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6ns_Jakob_Berzelius" class="mw-redirect" title="Jöns Jakob Berzelius">Jöns Jakob Berzelius</a> identificou o boro como um elemento em 1824<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span>[</span>nota 2<span>]</span></a></sup> e o elemento puro pelo americano Ezekiel Weintraub em 1909.<sup id="cite_ref-geologia_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-geologia-7"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Laubengayer_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Laubengayer-16"><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span>[</span>15<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span>[</span>16<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Abundância_e_obtenção"><span id="Abund.C3.A2ncia_e_obten.C3.A7.C3.A3o"></span>Abundância e obtenção</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boro&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Editar secção: Abundância e obtenção" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boro&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Abundância e obtenção"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><div class="noprint"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Postscript-viewer-blue.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Postscript-viewer-blue.svg/18px-Postscript-viewer-blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Postscript-viewer-blue.svg/27px-Postscript-viewer-blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Postscript-viewer-blue.svg/36px-Postscript-viewer-blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="60" /></a></span><i>Ver também a categoria: <a href="/wiki/Categoria:Boratos_(minerais)" title="Categoria:Boratos (minerais)">Boratos (minerais)</a></i></div></dd></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Borax_crystals.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Borax_crystals.jpg/220px-Borax_crystals.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Borax_crystals.jpg/330px-Borax_crystals.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Borax_crystals.jpg/440px-Borax_crystals.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Cristais de bórax</figcaption></figure> <p>O boro é um elemento relativamente raro representando somente 0,001% da crosta terrestre com os depósitos comerciais estimados em aproximadamente dez milhões de toneladas,<sup id="cite_ref-Distri_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Distri-19"><span>[</span>17<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Woods_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Woods-20"><span>[</span>18<span>]</span></a></sup> sendo a Turquia, com 63% das reservas mundiais<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span>[</span>19<span>]</span></a></sup>, e os Estados Unidos os maiores produtores.<sup id="cite_ref-USGS-YB-B-2008_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USGS-YB-B-2008-22"><span>[</span>20<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-USGS-MCS-B-2008_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USGS-MCS-B-2008-23"><span>[</span>21<span>]</span></a></sup> O elemento não é encontrado na forma pura mas combinado com outros elementos como compostos, formando minerais. No solo, os principais depósitos são áreas de antigas formações vulcânicas no qual está presente na forma de boratos e em sistemas de água como oceanos e rios sua concentração é variável sendo da ordem de 4,5 micrograma por litro nos oceanos. Sua assimilação no solo depende de fatores como umidade, lixiviação e acidez, o que pode provocar a deficiência em plantas de regiões tropicais.<sup id="cite_ref-toxidez_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-toxidez-4"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>O boro é acumulado através de três vias geológicas distintas: óxidos ou silicatos de ferro, óxidos de magnésio sedimentados de fontes marinhas e hidratos de cálcio e sódio acumulados em regiões continentais com atividade vulcânica e que são as mais importantes economicamente que são os minerais bórax ou tincal, <a href="/wiki/Kernita" title="Kernita">kernita</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ulexita" title="Ulexita">ulexita</a> e a <a href="/wiki/Colemanita" title="Colemanita">colemanita</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-geologia_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-geologia-7"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup> O bórax é encontrado no <a href="/wiki/Deserto_de_Mojave" title="Deserto de Mojave">Deserto de Mojave</a> na Califórnia onde está localizada a maior mina a céu aberto do mundo e a maior produtora de bórax, que responde por quase a metade dos <a href="/wiki/Borato" title="Borato">boratos</a> mundiais.<sup id="cite_ref-ludb.clui.org_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ludb.clui.org-24"><span>[</span>22<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rio_Tinto_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rio_Tinto-25"><span>[</span>23<span>]</span></a></sup> Entretanto, os maiores depósitos conhecidos permanecem não aproveitados na Turquia Central e Ocidental, nas províncias de <a href="/wiki/Esquiceir" title="Esquiceir">Esquiceir</a>, <a href="/wiki/K%C3%BCtahya" title="Kütahya">Kütahya</a> e <a href="/wiki/Bal%C4%B1kesir" class="mw-redirect" title="Balıkesir">Balıkesir</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span>[</span>24<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Zbayolu,_G.;_Poslu,_K._1992_245–254_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Zbayolu,_G.;_Poslu,_K._1992_245–254-27"><span>[</span>25<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kar_2006_2–10_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kar_2006_2–10-28"><span>[</span>26<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Existem mais de 150 compostos contendo boro, sendo os elementos mais comuns em combinações o cálcio, sódio e o magnésio.<sup id="cite_ref-geologia_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-geologia-7"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup> Fontes antropogênicas incluem a queima de carvão e o despejo em depósitos de lixo. Em vias aquáticas, o elemento pode ser encontrado em efluentes, principalmente em áreas onde seus compostos são utilizados em detergentes. As principais fontes de reciclagem são de fibras de vidro, vidrarias de borosilicato e cerâmicas.<sup id="cite_ref-toxidez_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-toxidez-4"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Produção mundial em 2019, em mil toneladas por ano </caption> <tbody><tr> <td align="right">1.</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/22px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/33px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Flag_of_Turkey.svg/44px-Flag_of_Turkey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Turquia" title="Turquia">Turquia</a></td> <td align="right">2.400 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">2.</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/22px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/33px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/44px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a></td> <td align="right">400 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">3.</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></td> <td align="right">250 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">4.</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Bandera_de_Bolivia_%28Estado%29.svg/22px-Bandera_de_Bolivia_%28Estado%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Bandera_de_Bolivia_%28Estado%29.svg/33px-Bandera_de_Bolivia_%28Estado%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Bandera_de_Bolivia_%28Estado%29.svg/44px-Bandera_de_Bolivia_%28Estado%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="750" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Bol%C3%ADvia" title="Bolívia">Bolívia</a></td> <td align="right">200 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">5.</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/22px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/33px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/44px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Alemanha" title="Alemanha">Alemanha</a></td> <td align="right">120 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">6.</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/22px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/33px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/44px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a></td> <td align="right">111 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">7.</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/R%C3%BAssia" title="Rússia">Rússia</a></td> <td align="right">80 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">8.</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/22px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/33px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/44px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></td> <td align="right">71 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Fonte: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-boron.pdf">USGS</a>. </p><p>OBS: Dados dos Estados Unidos não disponíveis </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Características"><span id="Caracter.C3.ADsticas"></span>Características</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boro&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Editar secção: Características" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boro&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Características"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Propriedades_físicas"><span id="Propriedades_f.C3.ADsicas"></span>Propriedades físicas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boro&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Editar secção: Propriedades físicas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boro&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Propriedades físicas"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>O boro é o quinto elemento da <a href="/wiki/Tabela_peri%C3%B3dica" title="Tabela periódica">tabela periódica</a> e o único <a href="/wiki/Semimetal" title="Semimetal">semimetal</a> do <a href="/wiki/Grupo_do_boro" title="Grupo do boro">grupo 3</a>. </p><p>O boro arde com chama verde e entre as características ópticas deste elemento, se incluí a transmissão de <a href="/wiki/Radia%C3%A7%C3%A3o_infravermelha" title="Radiação infravermelha">radiação infravermelha</a>. Na temperatura ambiente sua condutividade elétrica é pequena, porém é bom condutor de eletricidade em temperaturas altas. </p><p>Este metaloide tem a maior resistência à tração entre os elementos químicos conhecidos; o material fundido com arco tem uma resistência mecânica entre 1600 e 2400 M<a href="/wiki/Pascal_(unidade)" title="Pascal (unidade)">Pa</a>. </p><p>O <a href="/wiki/Nitreto_de_boro" title="Nitreto de boro">nitreto de boro</a> é um <a href="/wiki/Isolante_el%C3%A9trico" title="Isolante elétrico">isolante elétrico</a>, porém conduz o calor tão bem quanto os <a href="/wiki/Metal" title="Metal">metais</a>. É empregado na obtenção de materiais tão <a href="/wiki/Dureza" title="Dureza">duros</a> quanto o <a href="/wiki/Diamante" title="Diamante">diamante</a>. O boro tem, também, qualidades <a href="/wiki/Lubrificante" title="Lubrificante">lubrificantes</a> similares ao <a href="/wiki/Grafite" title="Grafite">grafite</a> e, comporta-se como o <a href="/wiki/Carbono" title="Carbono">carbono</a> na capacidade de formar redes moleculares através de <a href="/wiki/Liga%C3%A7%C3%A3o_covalente" title="Ligação covalente">ligações covalentes</a> estáveis. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Isótopos"><span id="Is.C3.B3topos"></span>Isótopos</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boro&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Editar secção: Isótopos" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boro&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Isótopos"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Os principais <a href="/wiki/Is%C3%B3topo" title="Isótopo">isótopos</a> são o <sup>10</sup>B (19,9%) e <sup>11</sup>B (80,1%) que são abundantes e estáveis possuindo reatividades diferentes que podem ser exploradas para entender a fisiologia de seres vivos e eventos geológicos. O <sup>10</sup>B é utilizado como receptor de <a href="/wiki/N%C3%AAutron" title="Nêutron">nêutrons</a> em tratamentos de câncer em tumores cerebrais inoperáveis. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Propriedades_químicas"><span id="Propriedades_qu.C3.ADmicas"></span>Propriedades químicas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boro&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Editar secção: Propriedades químicas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boro&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Propriedades químicas"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Flammenf%C3%A4rbungB.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Flammenf%C3%A4rbungB.png/78px-Flammenf%C3%A4rbungB.png" decoding="async" width="78" height="214" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Flammenf%C3%A4rbungB.png/117px-Flammenf%C3%A4rbungB.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Flammenf%C3%A4rbungB.png/156px-Flammenf%C3%A4rbungB.png 2x" data-file-width="196" data-file-height="538" /></a><figcaption>Teste de chama do boro.</figcaption></figure> <p>Sua <a href="/wiki/Configura%C3%A7%C3%A3o_eletr%C3%B4nica" title="Configuração eletrônica">configuração eletrônica</a> possui <a href="/wiki/Hibridiza%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Hibridização">hibridização</a> sp² no qual os elétrons do orbital inferior 2s ocupam os orbitais 2p<sub>x</sub> e 2p<sub>y</sub>. O boro possui, assim, três elétrons de valência; no entanto, diferentemente dos demais elementos do grupo 13, como o <a href="/wiki/Alum%C3%ADnio" title="Alumínio">alumínio</a> e o <a href="/wiki/G%C3%A1lio" title="Gálio">gálio</a> (bem como dos metais trivalentes em geral), o boro é incapaz de perder esses três elétrons de valência para formar <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1tion" title="Cátion">cátions</a> B<sup>3+</sup>, devido ao seu <a href="/wiki/Raio_at%C3%B4mico" class="mw-redirect" title="Raio atômico">raio atômico</a> muito reduzido, o que resulta em uma elevada <a href="/wiki/Energia_de_ioniza%C3%A7%C3%A3o" class="mw-redirect" title="Energia de ionização">energia de ionização</a>. Desta forma, o boro não possui tendência a formar íon e forma somente <a href="/wiki/Liga%C3%A7%C3%A3o_covalente" title="Ligação covalente">ligações covalentes</a>. No entanto, por ter menos de quatro elétrons de valência, essas ligações resultam frequentemente em <a href="/wiki/Mol%C3%A9cula" title="Molécula">moléculas</a> com o <a href="/wiki/Regra_do_octeto" title="Regra do octeto">octeto</a> incompleto com seis elétrons. </p><p>A química do boro assemelha-se à do carbono e à do <a href="/wiki/Sil%C3%ADcio" title="Silício">silício</a> mais do que a outros elementos do grupo 13, formando compostos covalentes em cadeias e também uma família de ânions oxigenados chamados <a href="/wiki/Borato" title="Borato">boratos</a>, que são muito semelhantes aos silicatos. O <a href="/wiki/%C3%93xido_de_boro" class="mw-redirect" title="Óxido de boro">óxido de boro</a>, B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, é um <a href="/wiki/%C3%93xido" title="Óxido">óxido</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%81cido" title="Ácido">ácido</a> (semelhante ao <a href="/wiki/Di%C3%B3xido_de_sil%C3%ADcio" title="Dióxido de silício">SiO<sub>2</sub></a>), formando <a href="/wiki/%C3%81cido_b%C3%B3rico" title="Ácido bórico">ácido bórico</a>, H<sub>3</sub>BO<sub>3</sub>, ao reagir com a água. O boro forma haletos covalentes com baixos pontos de <a href="/wiki/Fus%C3%A3o" title="Fusão">fusão</a> e <a href="/wiki/Ebuli%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Ebulição">ebulição</a> de fórmula geral BX<sub>3</sub> (X = F, Cl, Br ou I), que são moléculas simples de geometria trigonal plana que <a href="/wiki/Hidr%C3%B3lise" title="Hidrólise">hidrolisam</a> prontamente em contato com a água. <a href="/wiki/Trifluoreto_de_boro" title="Trifluoreto de boro">Trifluoreto de boro</a>, BF<sub>3</sub>, um gás incolor e tóxico, é um composto típico e um reagente químico muito útil. . </p><p>O boro frequentemente forma compostos deficientes em elétrons. Muitos de seus compostos são <a href="/wiki/%C3%81cido_de_Lewis" class="mw-redirect" title="Ácido de Lewis">ácidos de Lewis</a>, no qual o átomo de boro frequentemente atua como receptor de pares eletrônicos de outros átomos para completar seu octeto. Uma reação ilustrativa é a reação do trifluoreto de boro com <a href="/wiki/%C3%82nion" title="Ânion">ânions</a> <a href="/wiki/Fluoreto" title="Fluoreto">fluoreto</a> para formar o ânion complexo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetrafluoroborato&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tetrafluoroborato (página não existe)">tetrafluoroborato</a>: </p> <dl><dd><big>BF<sub>3</sub> + F<sup>-</sup> ---&gt; [BF<sub>4</sub>]<sup>-</sup></big></dd></dl> <p>O elemento também forma diversos compostos do tipo <i><a href="/wiki/Cluster" title="Cluster">cluster</a></i> nos quais há extensa ocorrência de <a href="/wiki/Liga%C3%A7%C3%A3o_tr%C3%AAs_centros_dois_el%C3%A9trons" title="Ligação três centros dois elétrons">ligações tricentradas com dois elétrons</a>, como ocorre nos <a href="/wiki/Borano" title="Borano">boranos</a> e <a href="/wiki/Carborano" title="Carborano">carboranos</a>. Nestes compostos, há ligações em que uma única ligação covalente une três átomos. </p><p>O elemento não ocorre na forma livre e normalmente nem ligado a outros elementos senão o oxigênio. Com este elemento, é possível que forme ligações em cadeia poliméricas a partir do BO<sub>3</sub> que podem ter formatos variados<sub>.</sub>A química dos organoboranos tem papel biológico importante e são definidas por compostos contendo ligações B-O ou B-N com um ou mais átomos de oxigênio. Em animais, a forma inorgânica é basicamente o ácido bórico e sua forma básica B(OH)<sub>4</sub><sup>-</sup> cujas proporções variam conforme <a href="/wiki/PH" title="PH">pH</a> funcionando como mecanismo regulador de atividades enzimáticas. As ligações covalentes de amino-boranos possivelmente também possuem papel biológico sob a forma de complexos, atuando no sítio ativo de enzimas.<sup id="cite_ref-toxidez_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-toxidez-4"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-geologia_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-geologia-7"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Produção"><span id="Produ.C3.A7.C3.A3o"></span>Produção</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boro&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Editar secção: Produção" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boro&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Produção"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As fontes economicamente mais importantes de boro são os minerais: <a href="/wiki/Colemanita" title="Colemanita">colemanita</a>, rasolita (<a href="/wiki/Kernita" title="Kernita">kernita</a>), ulexita e o <a href="/wiki/B%C3%B3rax" title="Bórax">bórax</a>. Esses minerais juntos constituem 90% da exploração de minério de boro. Os maiores depósitos globais de bórax conhecidos, muitos deles inexplorados, estão no centro e no ocidente da Turquia, incluindo as províncias de <a href="/wiki/Esquiceir" title="Esquiceir">Esquiceir</a>, <a href="/wiki/K%C3%BCtahya" title="Kütahya">Kütahya</a> e <a href="/wiki/Bal%C4%B1kesir" class="mw-redirect" title="Balıkesir">Balıkesir</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span>[</span>27<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span>[</span>28<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span>[</span>29<span>]</span></a></sup> As reservas globais de minério de boro excedem em cerca de um bilhão de toneladas métricas, diante a produção anual de cerca de quatro milhões de toneladas.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span>[</span>30<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Turquia" title="Turquia">Turquia</a> e os <a href="/wiki/Estados_Unidos" title="Estados Unidos">Estados Unidos</a> são os maiores produtores de boro. A Turquia supre cerca de metade da demanda internacional, embora a companhia estatal de mineração e indústria química Eti Maden IGM (em <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_turca" title="Língua turca">turco</a>: <span lang="tr"> Eti Maden İşletmeleri</span>) concentre essas atividades no país. Eles retêm um monopólio governamental na mineração de <a href="/wiki/Boratos" class="mw-redirect" title="Boratos">boratos</a> na Turquia, onde possuem aproximadamente 72% dos depósitos em todo o mundo conhecidos.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span>[</span>31<span>]</span></a></sup> Em 2012, eles mantinham 47% do mercado global de minérios de borato, à frente do seu maior competidor, o grupo <a href="/wiki/Rio_Tinto_(empresa)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rio Tinto (empresa)">Rio Tinto</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span>[</span>32<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Quase um quarto da produção de boro (23%) vem da única mina "Rio Tinto Borax Mine" (também conhecidas como "U.S. Borax Boron Mine") <a class="mw-kartographer-maplink" data-mw-kartographer="maplink" data-style="osm-intl" href="/wiki/Especial:Map/13/35.04290194/-117.67928111/pt" data-zoom="13" data-lat="35.04290194" data-lon="-117.67928111" data-overlays="[&quot;_93db1783c70b8cd6c2b48c6b85ae27ddd98c868c&quot;]">35° 02′ 34,447″ N, 117° 40′ 45,412″ O</a> próxima de <a href="/wiki/Boron_(Calif%C3%B3rnia)" title="Boron (Califórnia)">Boron (Califórnia)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span>[</span>33<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span>[</span>34<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tendência_de_mercado"><span id="Tend.C3.AAncia_de_mercado"></span>Tendência de mercado</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boro&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Editar secção: Tendência de mercado" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boro&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Tendência de mercado"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>O preço em média do boro cristalino é de U$$5/g.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span>[</span>35<span>]</span></a></sup> Em estado nativo é geralmente aplicado na fabricação de fibras de boro, onde é processado por <a href="/wiki/Deposi%C3%A7%C3%A3o_qu%C3%ADmica_em_fase_vapor" title="Deposição química em fase vapor">deposição química em fase vapor</a> no núcleo de <a href="/wiki/Tungst%C3%AAnio" title="Tungstênio">tungstênio</a> (veja abaixo). Elas são usadas em aplicações de <a href="/wiki/Comp%C3%B3sito" title="Compósito">compósitos</a> leves, como as fitas de alta resistência. Esta aplicação é minoritária frente a sua versatilidade. O boro é adicionado dentro de semicondutores como compostos, por ionização. </p><p>O consumo global de boro (a maior parte como compostos) estava estimada em redor de 4&#160;milhões de toneladas de B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> em 2012. A capacidade de mineração e refino são considerados adequados para suprir o aumento da demanda até o fim da próxima década. </p><p>Os métodos em que o boro são consumidos mudaram nos últimos anos. A utilização de minérios como a <a href="/wiki/Colemanita" title="Colemanita">colemanita</a> está sendo gradualmente substituída por contêm-las <a href="/wiki/Ars%C3%AAnio" title="Arsênio">arsênio</a> e, consequentemente pela substituição por boratos refinados e o ácido bórico, por serem menos poluentes. </p><p>O aumento da demanda por ácido bórico tem levado a muitos produtores a investirem no aumento de capacidade. A estatal turca Eti Maden IGM inaugurou uma nova planta industrial de ácido bórico com a capacidade de produção de cem mil toneladas por ano em <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emet&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Emet (página não existe)">Emet</a> em 2003. O grupo <a href="/wiki/Rio_Tinto_(empresa)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rio Tinto (empresa)">Rio Tinto</a> também aumentou a capacidade de boro de cerca de duzentos e sessenta mil toneladas anuais para trezentos e dez mil toneladas em maio de 2005, com planos de crescimento destes para trezentos e sessenta e seis mil toneladas por ano em 2006. Além disso, os produtores chineses não têm sido capazes de suprir os aumentos significativos de demanda de boratos de alta qualidade, o que levou a centuplicado as importações de tetraborato de sódio (<a href="/wiki/B%C3%B3rax" title="Bórax">bórax</a>) entre 2000 até 2005 e ao aumento anual de 28% de importação de ácido bórico durante o mesmo período.<sup id="cite_ref-roskill_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-roskill-38"><span>[</span>36<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span>[</span>37<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aplicações"><span id="Aplica.C3.A7.C3.B5es"></span>Aplicações</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boro&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9" title="Editar secção: Aplicações" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boro&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Aplicações"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A principal atividade econômica do boro é na produção do <a href="/wiki/B%C3%B3rax" title="Bórax">bórax</a> e do <a href="/wiki/%C3%81cido_b%C3%B3rico" title="Ácido bórico">ácido bórico</a>, com diversas aplicações, com majoritária relevância na indústria de papel, celulose e nos agroquímicos.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span>[</span>38<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CRC_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC-41"><span>[</span>39<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Agentes_alvejantes_e_detergentes">Agentes alvejantes e detergentes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boro&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10" title="Editar secção: Agentes alvejantes e detergentes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boro&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Agentes alvejantes e detergentes"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:FairyBottles.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/FairyBottles.jpg/220px-FairyBottles.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/FairyBottles.jpg/330px-FairyBottles.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/FairyBottles.jpg/440px-FairyBottles.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1989" data-file-height="1566" /></a><figcaption>O detergente aplica alguns compostos de boro como agente oxidante.</figcaption></figure> <div class="hatnote"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/26px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/34px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="659" /></span></span>Ver artigo&#32;principal: <a href="/wiki/B%C3%B3rax" title="Bórax">Bórax</a></div> <p>O bórax é utilizado em diversos produtos de lavagem e limpeza doméstica,<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span>[</span>40<span>]</span></a></sup> incluindo o aditivo de limpeza "20 Mule Team Borax" e o "Boraxo" como sabão para limpeza pesada. Ele também está presente em muitas fórmulas de creme dental com a finalidade de promover o clareamento dos dentes .<sup id="cite_ref-CRC_41-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC-41"><span>[</span>39<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>O <a href="/wiki/Perborato_de_s%C3%B3dio" title="Perborato de sódio">perborato de sódio</a> serve como um recurso de agente oxidante em muitos detergentes, sabão em pó, agentes de clareamento e em <a href="/wiki/Lix%C3%ADvia" title="Lixívia">lixívias</a>. Apesar do nome, "Borateem" é um sabão em pó que não quaisquer compostos de boro, utilizando um aduto de carbonato de sódio com peróxido de hidrogênio como um alvejante instantâneo.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span>[</span>41<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aplicações_biológicas_e_farmacêuticas"><span id="Aplica.C3.A7.C3.B5es_biol.C3.B3gicas_e_farmac.C3.AAuticas"></span>Aplicações biológicas e farmacêuticas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boro&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=11" title="Editar secção: Aplicações biológicas e farmacêuticas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boro&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Aplicações biológicas e farmacêuticas"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>O <a href="/wiki/%C3%81cido_b%C3%B3rico" title="Ácido bórico">ácido bórico</a> têm propriedades antissépticas, fungicida e antiviral e por essas razões é utilizado como clarificador da água no tratamento de água em piscinas .<sup id="cite_ref-acid_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-acid-44"><span>[</span>42<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cerâmicas_e_vidrarias"><span id="Cer.C3.A2micas_e_vidrarias"></span>Cerâmicas e vidrarias</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boro&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=12" title="Editar secção: Cerâmicas e vidrarias" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boro&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Cerâmicas e vidrarias"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Schott_Duran_glassware.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Schott_Duran_glassware.jpg/175px-Schott_Duran_glassware.jpg" decoding="async" width="175" height="262" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Schott_Duran_glassware.jpg/263px-Schott_Duran_glassware.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Schott_Duran_glassware.jpg/350px-Schott_Duran_glassware.jpg 2x" data-file-width="678" data-file-height="1014" /></a><figcaption>Vidraria construída com borosilicato. São apresentados dóis béqueres e um tubo de ensaio. </figcaption></figure> <div class="hatnote"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/26px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/34px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="659" /></span></span>Ver artigo&#32;principal: <a href="/wiki/Vidro_borossilicato" title="Vidro borossilicato">Vidro borossilicato</a></div> <p>O vidro borossilicato que é geralmente composto de 12–15% de B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, 80% de SiO<sub>2</sub> e 2% de Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> tem um baixo coeficiente de dilatação térmica dando a ele uma boa resistência ao calor. As principais marcas do vidro borossilicato são o <a href="/wiki/Pyrex" title="Pyrex">Pyrex</a> e o Duran, ambos aplicados na vidraria de laboratórios químicos e em utensílios de cozinha, graças a esta característica em contato com o calor.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span>[</span>43<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As fibras de boro são muito resistentes (cerca de 3600 MPa) e leves, úteis para a indústria aeroespacial para produção de estruturas de <a href="/wiki/Comp%C3%B3sito" title="Compósito">compósitos</a>, como também para produtos esportivos (<a href="/wiki/Taco_de_golfe" class="mw-redirect" title="Taco de golfe">tacos de golfe</a>) e em varas de pesca.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span>[</span>44<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span>[</span>45<span>]</span></a></sup> As fibras podem ser produzidas pela deposição química em fase vapor do boro em fibras de <a href="/wiki/Tungst%C3%AAnio" title="Tungstênio">tungstênio</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-USGS-YB-B-2008_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USGS-YB-B-2008-22"><span>[</span>20<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span>[</span>46<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As fibras de boro e as molas cristalinas sub-milimétricas são produzidas via deposição química em fase vapor com laser. A translação do laser concentra na viga das ligas complexas estruturas helicais. Várias estruturas apresentam propriedades mecânicas excelentes, tendo um <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B3dulo_de_elasticidade" class="mw-redirect" title="Módulo de elasticidade">módulo de elasticidade</a> de 450&#160;GPa, o alongamento de 3,7% e a tensão de ruptura 17&#160;GPa. Estas propriedades tornam convenientes as fibras de boro como aditivo na produção de cerâmicas ou em sistemas microeletromecânicos. <sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span>[</span>47<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Compostos_abrasivos_e_superduros">Compostos abrasivos e superduros</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boro&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=13" title="Editar secção: Compostos abrasivos e superduros" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boro&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Compostos abrasivos e superduros"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="hatnote"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/26px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/34px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="659" /></span></span>Ver artigo&#32;principal: <a href="/wiki/Material_superduro" title="Material superduro">Material superduro</a></div> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:30px; text-align:center; float:right;"> <caption>Propriedades mecânicas dos sólidos BCN <sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span>[</span>48<span>]</span></a></sup> e ReB<sub>2</sub><sup id="cite_ref-qin_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-qin-51"><span>[</span>49<span>]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Material </th> <th>Diamante </th> <th>cubic-BC<sub>2</sub>N </th> <th>cubic-BC<sub>5</sub> </th> <th>cubic-BN </th> <th>B<sub>4</sub>C </th> <th>ReB<sub>2</sub> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Dureza_Vickers" title="Dureza Vickers">Dureza Vickers</a> (GPa) </th> <td>115 </td> <td>76 </td> <td>71 </td> <td>62 </td> <td>38 </td> <td>22 </td></tr> <tr> <th>Tenacidade a fratura (MPa m<sup>1⁄2</sup>) </th> <td>5,3 </td> <td>4,5 </td> <td>9,5 </td> <td>6,8 </td> <td>3,5 </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Os compostos de boro em geral são conhecido pela sua extrema dureza e tenacidade. </p><p>O carboneto de boro e o pó nitrito de boro cúbico são geralmente utilizados como abrasivos. Os boretos são aplicados para o revestimento de ferramentas via <a href="/wiki/Deposi%C3%A7%C3%A3o_qu%C3%ADmica_em_fase_vapor" title="Deposição química em fase vapor">deposição química em fase vapor</a> ou pela deposição física de vapor. A implantação dos íons de boro nos metais e liga através da implantação de íons ou pela deposição de feixes iônicos resulta em um aumento espetacular da resistência superficial e da micro dureza. O laser também é usado para este caso. Estes boretos são uma alternativa para as ferramentas revestidas com diamante e suas superfícies tratadas tem efeitos similares aos boretos de bulk.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span>[</span>50<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inseticida">Inseticida</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boro&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=14" title="Editar secção: Inseticida" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boro&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Inseticida"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>O ácido bórico e o bórax é utilizado para matar baratas, cupins, formigas, pulgas e muitos outros insetos.<sup id="cite_ref-Klotz_1994_1534–1536_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Klotz_1994_1534–1536-53"><span>[</span>51<span>]</span></a></sup> Para a produção do baraticida, é utilizado tanto o ácido bórico como o boráx com um alimento atraente para o inseto. A sua ação mortífera ocorre pela inibição das funções <a href="/wiki/Intestino" title="Intestino">intestinais</a> das baratas, levando-a à morte.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span>[</span>52<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Magnetos">Magnetos</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boro&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=15" title="Editar secção: Magnetos" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boro&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Magnetos"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>O boro é um dos elementos químicos encontrados nos <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dm%C3%A3_de_neod%C3%ADmio" title="Ímã de neodímio">ímãs de neodímio</a> que são tipos de ímãs permanentes com grande força magnética. Esses ímãs são encontrados em diversos componentes eletromecânicos e eletrônicos, como nas <a href="/wiki/Imagem_por_resson%C3%A2ncia_magn%C3%A9tica" title="Imagem por ressonância magnética">imagens por ressonância magnética</a>, em pequenos motores e em <a href="/wiki/Atuador" title="Atuador">atuadores</a>. Por exemplo, nos discos rígidos dos computadores e nos tocadores de DVDs o ímã de neodímio distribui uma notável potência giratória em um conjunto compacto. Nos telefones celulares, os ímãs criam os campos magnéticos onde ligam pequenos alto-falantes que possuem uma potência de som apreciável.<sup id="cite_ref-magnet_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-magnet-55"><span>[</span>53<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pesquisas">Pesquisas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boro&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=16" title="Editar secção: Pesquisas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boro&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Pesquisas"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>O diboreto de magnésio é um importante material supercondutor com sua temperatura de transição de 39&#160;K. Os fios de MgB<sub>2</sub> são produzidos com o processo de fiação e aplicado nos ímans supercondutores.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span>[</span>54<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span>[</span>55<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>O boro amorfo é utilizado como inibidor de ponto de fusão no revestimento das ligas de cromo-níquel.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span>[</span>56<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Semicondutores">Semicondutores</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boro&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=17" title="Editar secção: Semicondutores" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boro&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Semicondutores"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>O boro é um <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dopante&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Dopante (página não existe)">dopante</a> utilizado para muito tipos de semicondutores como o <a href="/wiki/Sil%C3%ADcio" title="Silício">silício</a>, <a href="/wiki/Germ%C3%A2nio" title="Germânio">germânio</a> e o <a href="/wiki/Carbeto_de_sil%C3%ADcio" title="Carbeto de silício">carbeto de silício</a>. Tendo um elétron de valência a menos a receber em cada átomo, ele doa um <a href="/wiki/Buraco_(semicondutores)" title="Buraco (semicondutores)">buraco</a> resultando em um condutividade tipo P. O método tradicional de adicionar o boro aos semicondutores é a partir da <a href="/wiki/Difus%C3%A3o_at%C3%B4mica" title="Difusão atômica">difusão atômica</a> em alta temperatura. Este processo usa ambas as substâncias: (B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>) em estado sólido, o (BBr<sub>3</sub>) em estado líquido ou o (B<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub> ou BF<sub>3</sub>) em estado gasoso. Entretanto, depois de 1970, este processo foi substituído pela implantação de íons que emprega predominantemente o BF<sub>3</sub> como fonte do elemento.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span>[</span>57<span>]</span></a></sup> O gás tricloreto de boro é também uma substância química importante na indústria de semicondutores, não no processo de dopagem, mas na corrosão por plasma de metais e seus óxidos.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span>[</span>58<span>]</span></a></sup> O trietilborano também é injetado dentro de reatores para a <a href="/wiki/Deposi%C3%A7%C3%A3o_qu%C3%ADmica_em_fase_vapor" title="Deposição química em fase vapor">deposição química em fase vapor</a> como uma fonte de boro como por exemplo em filmes de carbono duros, filmes de nitreto de boro e silício e para a dopagem de filmes de diamante com boro.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span>[</span>59<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Outras_aplicações"><span id="Outras_aplica.C3.A7.C3.B5es"></span>Outras aplicações</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boro&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=18" title="Editar secção: Outras aplicações" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boro&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Outras aplicações"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>O Boro é usado em reatores nucleares com a função de materiais de controle e finalização da reação de fissão nuclear em cadeia , pois é excelente absorvente de nêutrons;</li> <li>O boro amorfo é usado em <a href="/wiki/Foguete_pirot%C3%A9cnico" class="mw-redirect" title="Foguete pirotécnico">fogos de artifício</a> devido a coloração verde que produz;<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span>[</span>60<span>]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Também é aplicado seus compostos na fabricação de medicamentos, germicidas e na metalurgia;<sup id="cite_ref-geologia_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-geologia-7"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Os boratos são considerados substâncias ecologicamente corretas para o tratamento de madeiras;<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span>[</span>61<span>]</span></a></sup></li> <li>O borato de sódio é utilizado como fundente nas soldas de prata e ouro;</li> <li>O <a href="/wiki/Cloreto_de_am%C3%B3nio" title="Cloreto de amónio">cloreto de amónio</a> é utlizado nas soldas de metais ferrosos<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span>[</span>62<span>]</span></a></sup> Eles também são utilizados como aditivo retardante nas roupas de plástico e borracha;<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span>[</span>63<span>]</span></a></sup></li> <li>O ácido bórico (também conhecido como ácido ortobórico) H<sub>3</sub>BO<sub>3</sub> é utilizado na produção de fibras de vidro , nos monitores de computador <sup id="cite_ref-CRC_41-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC-41"><span>[</span>39<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span>[</span>64<span>]</span></a></sup> e na produção de muitos adesivos baseados em <a href="/wiki/Acetato_de_polivinila" title="Acetato de polivinila">acetato de polivinila</a> e <a href="/wiki/%C3%81lcool_polivin%C3%ADlico" title="Álcool polivinílico">álcool polivinílico</a>;</li> <li>Os adesivos de <a href="/wiki/Amido" title="Amido">amido</a> e <a href="/wiki/Caseina" class="mw-redirect" title="Caseina">caseina</a> contêm tetraborato de decahidrato (Na<sub>2</sub>B<sub>4</sub>O<sub>7</sub>·10 H<sub>2</sub>O);</li> <li>Muitos produtos anticorrosivos contêm borax.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span>[</span>65<span>]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Papel_biológico"><span id="Papel_biol.C3.B3gico"></span>Papel biológico</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boro&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=19" title="Editar secção: Papel biológico" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boro&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Papel biológico"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>O boro influencia a atividade de pelo menos 26 enzimas como inibidor ou moderador de caminhos metabólicos em plantas.<sup id="cite_ref-toxidez_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-toxidez-4"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> É um nutriente essencial às plantas, necessário para a manutenção das paredes celulares. Todavia, em concentrações superiores a &gt; 1.0&#160;ppm pode provocar a necrose em pontas e margens das folhas assim como um crescimento menor do que o esperado. Níveis tão baixos quanto 0.8&#160;ppm podem causar os mesmos sintomas em plantas sensíveis ao boro no solo. Quase todas as plantas, mesmo aquelas que são tolerantes ao elemento, irão demonstrar alguns dos sintomas da toxidade quando a concentração no solo for superior a 1.8&#160;ppm. Quando esta for superior a 2.0&#160;ppm, poucas plantas conseguirão se desenvolver e podem não sobreviver. Nos tecidos das plantas, os sintomas surgem quando a concentração é superior a 200&#160;ppm.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span>[</span>66<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span>[</span>67<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span>[</span>68<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>O elemento tem importância biológica no sistema reprodutor, locomotor e imunológico em algumas espécies de animais e na retenção do mineral do Cálcio pelo corpo humano. Também está presente em funções de membrana celular, no qual prolongam a estrutura em ausência de água.<sup id="cite_ref-toxidez_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-toxidez-4"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nutrição"><span id="Nutri.C3.A7.C3.A3o"></span>Nutrição</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boro&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=20" title="Editar secção: Nutrição" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boro&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Nutrição"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Em alimentos, está distribuído de forma desigual sendo o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Consumo_di%C3%A1rio&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Consumo diário (página não existe)">consumo diário</a> da ordem de 1&#160;mg assim como para a água ingerida. O boro inorgânico não é absorvido no <a href="/w/index.php?title=Trato_intestinal&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Trato intestinal (página não existe)">trato intestinal</a> sendo excretado pelo <a href="/wiki/Sistema_urin%C3%A1rio" class="mw-redirect" title="Sistema urinário">sistema urinário</a> e pesquisas com animais indicam a existência de um regulador fisiológico que expele qualquer excesso ingerido pela <a href="/wiki/Dieta_alimentar" class="mw-redirect" title="Dieta alimentar">dieta alimentar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-toxidez_4-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-toxidez-4"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Toxicologia">Toxicologia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boro&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=21" title="Editar secção: Toxicologia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boro&amp;action=edit&amp;section=21" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Toxicologia"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Dose_letal" title="Dose letal">dose letal</a> para humanos não foi estabelecida e sinais de intoxicação aguda incluem por exemplo náusea, vômito, dor de cabeça e hipotermia. Intoxicações crônicas podem incluir sintomas como, por exemplo, diminuição de apetite, peso e volume seminal. Os tratamentos variam de lavagens gástricas a diálises, quando a concentração no sangue é elevada.<sup id="cite_ref-toxidez_4-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-toxidez-4"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ver_também"><span id="Ver_tamb.C3.A9m"></span>Ver também</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boro&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=22" title="Editar secção: Ver também" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boro&amp;action=edit&amp;section=22" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Ver também"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81gua_boricada" title="Água boricada">Água boricada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%81cido_b%C3%B3rico" title="Ácido bórico">Ácido bórico</a></li></ul> <h2 id="Notas" style="cursor: help;" title="Esta seção foi configurada para não ser editável diretamente. Edite a página toda ou a seção anterior em vez disso.">Notas</h2> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Os Elementos Ultratraços são determinados Minerais encontrados no organismo, cujos dados científicos disponíveis ainda não são suficientes para demonstrar sua essencialidade.Estes Elementos Ultratraços são necessários em quantidades bastante diminutas e exercem funções metabólicas ainda não totalmente esclarecidas: Arsênio, Boro, Flúor, Germânio, Lítio, Silício e Vanádio.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Berzelius produziu o boro pela redução do sal fluoreto de boro; especificamente pelo aquecimento do fluoreto de boro potássio com potássio metálico.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"></div> <h2 id="Referências" style="cursor: help;" title="Esta seção foi configurada para não ser editável diretamente. Edite a página toda ou a seção anterior em vez disso."><span id="Refer.C3.AAncias"></span>Referências</h2> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://van.physics.illinois.edu/qa/listing.php?id=17594">«Q &amp; A: Where does the element Boron come from?»</a> (em inglês)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 4 de dezembro de 2011</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ABoro&amp;rft.btitle=Q+%26+A%3A+Where+does+the+element+Boron+come+from%3F&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvan.physics.illinois.edu%2Fqa%2Flisting.php%3Fid%3D17594&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/antibiotics1968/48/1/48_1_26/_article">«The tartrolons, new boron-containing antibiotics from a myxobacterium, Sorangium cellulosum.»</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 24 de janeiro de 2013</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ABoro&amp;rft.btitle=The+tartrolons%2C+new+boron-containing+antibiotics+from+a+myxobacterium%2C+Sorangium+cellulosum.&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstage.jst.go.jp%2Farticle%2Fantibiotics1968%2F48%2F1%2F48_1_26%2F_article&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-toxidez-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-toxidez_4-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-toxidez_4-1">b</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-toxidez_4-2">c</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-toxidez_4-3">d</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-toxidez_4-4">e</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-toxidez_4-5">f</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-toxidez_4-6">g</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-toxidez_4-7">h</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Hunt, C.D. (2003). <i>Encyclopedia of Food Sciences and Nutrition</i>. Academic Press. pp.&#160;566–574. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FB0-12-227055-X%2F00112-7">10.1016/B0-12-227055-X/00112-7</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ABoro&amp;rft.aufirst=C.D.&amp;rft.aulast=Hunt&amp;rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Food+Sciences+and+Nutrition&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.pages=566-574&amp;rft.pub=Academic+Press&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FB0-12-227055-X%2F00112-7&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Shipley, Joseph T. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=m1UKpE4YEkEC&amp;pg=PA83"><i>The Origins of English Words: A Discursive Dictionary of Indo-European Roots</i></a>. [S.l.]: JHU Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-0-8018-6784-2" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-0-8018-6784-2">978-0-8018-6784-2</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ABoro&amp;rft.aufirst=Joseph+T.&amp;rft.aulast=Shipley&amp;rft.btitle=The+Origins+of+English+Words%3A+A+Discursive+Dictionary+of+Indo-European+Roots&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8018-6784-2&amp;rft.pub=JHU+Press&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3Dm1UKpE4YEkEC%26pg%3DPA83&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.innvista.com/science/chemistry/elements/etymolo.htm">«Etymology of Elements»</a>. Innvista<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 6 de junho de 2009</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ABoro&amp;rft.btitle=Etymology+of+Elements&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Innvista&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.innvista.com%2Fscience%2Fchemistry%2Felements%2Fetymolo.htm&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-geologia-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-geologia_7-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-geologia_7-1">b</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-geologia_7-2">c</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-geologia_7-3">d</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-geologia_7-4">e</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-geologia_7-5">f</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-geologia_7-6">g</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia">Helvaci, C (2005). <i>Encyclopedia of Geology</i>. Elsevier. pp.&#160;510–522. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FB0-12-369396-9%2F00279-3">10.1016/B0-12-369396-9/00279-3</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ABoro&amp;rft.aufirst=C&amp;rft.aulast=Helvaci&amp;rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Geology&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.pages=510-522&amp;rft.pub=Elsevier&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FB0-12-369396-9%2F00279-3&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-borates-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-borates_8-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Garrett, Donald E. (1998). <i>Borates: handbook of deposits, processing, properties, and use</i>. [S.l.]: Academic Press. pp.&#160;102;385–386. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0-12-276060-3" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0-12-276060-3">0-12-276060-3</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ABoro&amp;rft.au=Garrett%2C+Donald+E.&amp;rft.btitle=Borates%3A+handbook+of+deposits%2C+processing%2C+properties%2C+and+use&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=0-12-276060-3&amp;rft.pages=102%3B385-386&amp;rft.pub=Academic+Press&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-boron-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-boron_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Calvert, J. B. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mysite.du.edu/~jcalvert/phys/boron.htm">«Boron»</a>. <i>University of Denver</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 5 de maio de 2009</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ABoro&amp;rft.atitle=Boron&amp;rft.au=Calvert%2C+J.+B.&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=University+of+Denver&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmysite.du.edu%2F~jcalvert%2Fphys%2Fboron.htm&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hildebrand, G. H. (1982) "Borax Pioneer: Francis Marion Smith." San Diego: Howell-North Books. p. 267 <a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0831071486" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-8310-7148-6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Davy-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-Davy_11-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-Davy_11-1">b</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Davy H (1809). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=gpwEAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA140#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">«An account of some new analytical researches on the nature of certain bodies, particularly the alkalies, phosphorus, sulphur, carbonaceous matter, and the acids hitherto undecomposed: with some general observations on chemical theory»</a>. <i>Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London</i>. <b>99</b>: 33–104</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ABoro&amp;rft.atitle=An+account+of+some+new+analytical+researches+on+the+nature+of+certain+bodies%2C+particularly+the+alkalies%2C+phosphorus%2C+sulphur%2C+carbonaceous+matter%2C+and+the+acids+hitherto+undecomposed%3A+with+some+general+observations+on+chemical+theory&amp;rft.au=Davy+H&amp;rft.date=1809&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Philosophical+Transactions+of+the+Royal+Society+of+London&amp;rft.pages=33-104&amp;rft.volume=99&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgpwEAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA140%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lussac-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lussac_12-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lussac_12-1">b</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">Gay Lussac, J.L. and Thenard, L.J. (1808) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=e6Aw616K5ysC&amp;pg=PA169#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">"Sur la décomposition et la recomposition de l'acide boracique,"</a> <i>Annales de chimie</i> [later: Annales de chemie et de physique], vol. 68, pp. 169–174.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-weeks-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-weeks_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Weeks, Mary Elvira (1933). «XII. Other Elements Isolated with the Aid of Potassium and Sodium: Beryllium, Boron, Silicon and Aluminum». <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=SJIk9BPdNWcC&amp;pg=PA156"><i>The Discovery of the Elements</i></a>. Easton, PA: Journal of Chemical Education. p.&#160;156. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0-7661-3872-0" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0-7661-3872-0">0-7661-3872-0</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ABoro&amp;rft.atitle=XII.+Other+Elements+Isolated+with+the+Aid+of+Potassium+and+Sodium%3A+Beryllium%2C+Boron%2C+Silicon+and+Aluminum&amp;rft.aufirst=Mary+Elvira&amp;rft.aulast=Weeks&amp;rft.btitle=The+Discovery+of+the+Elements&amp;rft.date=1933&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.isbn=0-7661-3872-0&amp;rft.pages=156&amp;rft.place=Easton%2C+PA&amp;rft.pub=Journal+of+Chemical+Education&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSJIk9BPdNWcC%26pg%3DPA156&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Berzelius, J. (1824) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=pJlPAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA46#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">"Undersökning af flusspatssyran och dess märkvärdigaste föreningar"</a> (Part 2) (Investigation of hydrofluoric acid and of its most noteworthy compounds), <i>Kongliga Vetenskaps-Academiens Handlingar</i> (Proceedings of the Royal Science Academy), vol. 12, pp. 46–98; see especially pp. 88ff. Reprinted in German as: Berzelius, J. J. (1824) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k150878/f123.image.r=Annalen%20der%20Physic.langEN">"Untersuchungen über die Flußspathsäure und deren merkwürdigste Verbindungen"</a>, Poggendorff's <i>Annalen der Physik und Chemie</i>, vol. 78, pages 113–150.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Laubengayer-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Laubengayer_16-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Laubengayer, A. W.; Hurd, D. T.; Newkirk, A. E.; Hoard, J. L. (1943). «Boron. I. Preparation and Properties of Pure Crystalline Boron». <i>Journal of the American Chemical Society</i>. <b>65</b> (10): 1924–1931. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Fja01250a036">10.1021/ja01250a036</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ABoro&amp;rft.atitle=Boron.+I.+Preparation+and+Properties+of+Pure+Crystalline+Boron&amp;rft.au=Hoard%2C+J.+L.&amp;rft.au=Hurd%2C+D.+T.&amp;rft.au=Newkirk%2C+A.+E.&amp;rft.aufirst=A.+W.&amp;rft.aulast=Laubengayer&amp;rft.date=1943&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.issue=10&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Chemical+Society&amp;rft.pages=1924-1931&amp;rft.volume=65&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fja01250a036&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Weintraub, Ezekiel (1910). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=e5USAAAAYAAJ&amp;pg=PA165#v=onepage&amp;q&amp;f=false">«Preparation and properties of pure boron»</a>. <i>Transactions of the American Electrochemical Society</i>. <b>16</b>: 165–184</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ABoro&amp;rft.atitle=Preparation+and+properties+of+pure+boron&amp;rft.au=Weintraub%2C+Ezekiel&amp;rft.date=1910&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Transactions+of+the+American+Electrochemical+Society&amp;rft.pages=165-184&amp;rft.volume=16&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3De5USAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA165%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Borchert, W.&#160;; Dietz, W.&#160;; Koelker, H. (1970). «Crystal Growth of Beta–Rhombohedrical Boron». <i>Zeitschrift für Angewandte Physik</i>. <b>29</b>: 277. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Office_of_Scientific_and_Technical_Information&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Office of Scientific and Technical Information (página não existe)">OSTI</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.osti.gov/energycitations/product.biblio.jsp?osti_id=4098583">4098583</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ABoro&amp;rft.atitle=Crystal+Growth+of+Beta%93Rhombohedrical+Boron&amp;rft.au=Borchert%2C+W.+%3B+Dietz%2C+W.+%3B+Koelker%2C+H.&amp;rft.date=1970&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Zeitschrift+f%C3%BCr+Angewandte+Physik&amp;rft.pages=277&amp;rft.volume=29&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.osti.gov%2Fenergycitations%2Fproduct.biblio.jsp%3Fosti_id%3D4098583&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> !CS1 manut: Nomes múltiplos: lista de autores (<a href="/wiki/Categoria:!CS1_manut:_Nomes_m%C3%BAltiplos:_lista_de_autores" title="Categoria:!CS1 manut: Nomes múltiplos: lista de autores">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Distri-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Distri_19-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Argust, Peter (1998). «Distribution of boron in the environment». <i>Biological Trace Element Research</i>. <b>66</b> (1–3): 131–143. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10050915">10050915</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2FBF02783133">10.1007/BF02783133</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ABoro&amp;rft.atitle=Distribution+of+boron+in+the+environment&amp;rft.aufirst=Peter&amp;rft.aulast=Argust&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.issue=1%933&amp;rft.jtitle=Biological+Trace+Element+Research&amp;rft.pages=131-143&amp;rft.volume=66&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF02783133&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10050915&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Woods-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Woods_20-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Woods, William G. (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1566642">«An introduction to boron: history, sources, uses, and chemistry»</a>. <i>Environmental Health Perspectives</i>. 102, Supplement 7 (Suppl 7): 5–11. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a>&#160;<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1566642">1566642</a><span style="margin-left:0.1em"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Acessível livremente"><img alt="Acessível livremente" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span></span>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7889881">7889881</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ABoro&amp;rft.atitle=An+introduction+to+boron%3A+history%2C+sources%2C+uses%2C+and+chemistry&amp;rft.aufirst=William+G.&amp;rft.aulast=Woods&amp;rft.date=1994&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.issue=Suppl+7&amp;rft.jtitle=Environmental+Health+Perspectives&amp;rft.pages=5-11&amp;rft.volume=102%2C+Supplement+7&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1566642&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC1566642&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F7889881&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/kitaplar/turkiye2006/english/302-303.htm">«Developments in the Economic Sector (of Turkey)»</a>. Turkish government<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 21 de dezembro de 2007</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20071219043858/http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/kitaplar/turkiye2006/english/302-303.htm">Cópia arquivada em 19 de dezembro de 2007</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ABoro&amp;rft.btitle=Developments+in+the+Economic+Sector+%28of+Turkey%29&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Turkish+government&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.byegm.gov.tr%2FYAYINLARIMIZ%2Fkitaplar%2Fturkiye2006%2Fenglish%2F302-303.htm&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USGS-YB-B-2008-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-USGS-YB-B-2008_22-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-USGS-YB-B-2008_22-1">b</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Kostick, Dennis S. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/boron/myb1-2006-boron.pdf">«Mineral Yearbook: Boron»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Geological Survey">United States Geological Survey</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 20 de setembro de 2008</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ABoro&amp;rft.aufirst=Dennis+S.&amp;rft.aulast=Kostick&amp;rft.btitle=Mineral+Yearbook%3A+Boron&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=United+States+Geological+Survey&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fminerals.usgs.gov%2Fminerals%2Fpubs%2Fcommodity%2Fboron%2Fmyb1-2006-boron.pdf&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USGS-MCS-B-2008-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-USGS-MCS-B-2008_23-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/boron/mcs-2008-boron.pdf">«Mineral Commodity Summaries: Boron»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Geological Survey">United States Geological Survey</a>. 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 20 de setembro de 2008</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ABoro&amp;rft.btitle=Mineral+Commodity+Summaries%3A+Boron&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=United+States+Geological+Survey&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fminerals.usgs.gov%2Fminerals%2Fpubs%2Fcommodity%2Fboron%2Fmcs-2008-boron.pdf&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ludb.clui.org-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ludb.clui.org_24-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ludb.clui.org/ex/i/CA4982/">The Center for Land Use Interpretation</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rio_Tinto-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Rio_Tinto_25-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.riotinto.com/ourproducts/218_our_companies_4438.asp">Rio Tinto</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Kistler, R. B. (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kisi.deu.edu.tr/cahit.helvaci/Boron.pdf">«Boron and Borates»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> 6 ed. Society of Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration, Inc. <i>Industrial Minerals and Rocks</i>: 171–186</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ABoro&amp;rft.atitle=Boron+and+Borates&amp;rft.aufirst=R.+B.&amp;rft.aulast=Kistler&amp;rft.date=1994&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Industrial+Minerals+and+Rocks&amp;rft.pages=171-186&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkisi.deu.edu.tr%2Fcahit.helvaci%2FBoron.pdf&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zbayolu,_G.;_Poslu,_K._1992_245–254-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Zbayolu,_G.;_Poslu,_K._1992_245–254_27-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Zbayolu, G.; Poslu, K. (1992). «Mining and Processing of Borates in Turkey». <i>Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review</i>. <b>9</b> (1–4): 245–254. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1080%2F08827509208952709">10.1080/08827509208952709</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ABoro&amp;rft.atitle=Mining+and+Processing+of+Borates+in+Turkey&amp;rft.au=Zbayolu%2C+G.%3B+Poslu%2C+K.&amp;rft.date=1992&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.issue=1%934&amp;rft.jtitle=Mineral+Processing+and+Extractive+Metallurgy+Review&amp;rft.pages=245-254&amp;rft.volume=9&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F08827509208952709&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> !CS1 manut: Nomes múltiplos: lista de autores (<a href="/wiki/Categoria:!CS1_manut:_Nomes_m%C3%BAltiplos:_lista_de_autores" title="Categoria:!CS1 manut: Nomes múltiplos: lista de autores">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kar_2006_2–10-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Kar_2006_2–10_28-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Kar, Y.; Şen, Nejdet; Demİrbaş, Ayhan (2006). «Boron Minerals in Turkey, Their Application Areas and Importance for the Country's Economy». <i>Minerals &amp; Energy&#160;– Raw Materials Report</i>. <b>20</b> (3–4): 2–10. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1080%2F14041040500504293">10.1080/14041040500504293</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ABoro&amp;rft.atitle=Boron+Minerals+in+Turkey%2C+Their+Application+Areas+and+Importance+for+the+Country%27s+Economy&amp;rft.au=%C5%9Een%2C+Nejdet&amp;rft.au=Dem%C4%B0rba%C5%9F%2C+Ayhan&amp;rft.aufirst=Y.&amp;rft.aulast=Kar&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.issue=3%934&amp;rft.jtitle=Minerals+%26+Energy+%93+Raw+Materials+Report&amp;rft.pages=2-10&amp;rft.volume=20&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F14041040500504293&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Kistler, R. B. (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kisi.deu.edu.tr/cahit.helvaci/Boron.pdf">«Boron and Borates»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> 6th ed. Society of Mining, Metallurgy and Exploration, Inc. <i>Industrial Minerals and Rocks</i>: 171–186</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ABoro&amp;rft.atitle=Boron+and+Borates&amp;rft.aufirst=R.+B.&amp;rft.aulast=Kistler&amp;rft.date=1994&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Industrial+Minerals+and+Rocks&amp;rft.pages=171-186&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkisi.deu.edu.tr%2Fcahit.helvaci%2FBoron.pdf&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Zbayolu, G.; Poslu, K. (1992). «Mining and Processing of Borates in Turkey». <i>Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy Review</i>. <b>9</b> (1–4): 245–254. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1080%2F08827509208952709">10.1080/08827509208952709</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ABoro&amp;rft.atitle=Mining+and+Processing+of+Borates+in+Turkey&amp;rft.au=Poslu%2C+K.&amp;rft.au=Zbayolu%2C+G.&amp;rft.date=1992&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.issue=1%934&amp;rft.jtitle=Mineral+Processing+and+Extractive+Metallurgy+Review&amp;rft.pages=245-254&amp;rft.volume=9&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F08827509208952709&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Kar, Y.; Şen, Nejdet; Demİrbaş, Ayhan (2006). «Boron Minerals in Turkey, Their Application Areas and Importance for the Country's Economy». <i>Minerals &amp; Energy&#160;– Raw Materials Report</i>. <b>20</b> (3–4): 2–10. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1080%2F14041040500504293">10.1080/14041040500504293</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ABoro&amp;rft.atitle=Boron+Minerals+in+Turkey%2C+Their+Application+Areas+and+Importance+for+the+Country%27s+Economy&amp;rft.au=%C5%9Een%2C+Nejdet&amp;rft.au=Dem%C4%B0rba%C5%9F%2C+Ayhan&amp;rft.aufirst=Y.&amp;rft.aulast=Kar&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.issue=3%934&amp;rft.jtitle=Minerals+%26+Energy+%93+Raw+Materials+Report&amp;rft.pages=2-10&amp;rft.volume=20&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F14041040500504293&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://content.yudu.com/Library/A1vi5r/AsianCeramicsFeb12/resources/62.htm">Global reserves chart</a>. Retrieved August 14, 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Şebnem Önder; Ayşe Eda Biçer &amp; Işıl Selen Denemeç (setembro de 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cakmak.av.tr/articles/Mining_Metals/Are%20Certain%20Minerals%20Still%20Under%20State%20Monopoly.pdf">«Are certain minerals still under state monopoly?»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>Mining Turkey</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 21 de dezembro de 2013</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ABoro&amp;rft.atitle=Are+certain+minerals+still+under+state+monopoly%3F&amp;rft.au=%C5%9Eebnem+%C3%96nder&amp;rft.au=Ay%C5%9Fe+Eda+Bi%C3%A7er&amp;rft.au=I%C5%9F%C4%B1l+Selen+Deneme%C3%A7&amp;rft.date=2013-09&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Mining+Turkey&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cakmak.av.tr%2Farticles%2FMining_Metals%2FAre%2520Certain%2520Minerals%2520Still%2520Under%2520State%2520Monopoly.pdf&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.easpd.eu/sites/default/files/sites/default/files/EVENTS/Conference2013/presentation_ayfer_atabey.pdf">«Turkey as the global leader in boron export and production»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. European Association of Service Providers for Persons with Disabilities Annual Conference 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 18 de dezembro de 2013</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ABoro&amp;rft.btitle=Turkey+as+the+global+leader+in+boron+export+and+production&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=European+Association+of+Service+Providers+for+Persons+with+Disabilities+Annual+Conference+2013&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.easpd.eu%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FEVENTS%2FConference2013%2Fpresentation_ayfer_atabey.pdf&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ludb.clui.org/ex/i/CA4982/">«U.S. Borax Boron Mine»</a>. <i>The Center for Land Use Interpretation, Ludb.clui.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 26 de abril de 2013</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ABoro&amp;rft.atitle=U.S.+Borax+Boron+Mine&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Center+for+Land+Use+Interpretation%2C+Ludb.clui.org&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fludb.clui.org%2Fex%2Fi%2FCA4982%2F&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.riotinto.com/ourproducts/218_our_companies_4438.asp">«Boras»</a>. Rio Tinto. 10 de abril de 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 26 de abril de 2013</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ABoro&amp;rft.btitle=Boras&amp;rft.date=2012-04-10&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Rio+Tinto&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.riotinto.com%2Fourproducts%2F218_our_companies_4438.asp&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rareearth.org/boron_properties.htm">«Boron Properties»</a>. Los Alamos National Laboratory<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 18 de setembro de 2008</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ABoro&amp;rft.btitle=Boron+Properties&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Los+Alamos+National+Laboratory&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rareearth.org%2Fboron_properties.htm&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-roskill-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-roskill_38-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><i>The Economics of Boron</i> 11th ed. [S.l.]: Roskill Information Services, Ltd. 2006. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0-86214-516-3" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0-86214-516-3">0-86214-516-3</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ABoro&amp;rft.btitle=The+Economics+of+Boron&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.edition=11th&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=0-86214-516-3&amp;rft.pub=Roskill+Information+Services%2C+Ltd.&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ceramicindustry.com/Articles/Cover_Story/4b0b7a6ed1cb8010VgnVCM100000f932a8c0____">«Raw and Manufactured Materials 2006 Overview»</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 5 de maio de 2009</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ABoro&amp;rft.btitle=Raw+and+Manufactured+Materials+2006+Overview&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ceramicindustry.com%2FArticles%2FCover_Story%2F4b0b7a6ed1cb8010VgnVCM100000f932a8c0&#95;_&#95;_&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/boron/">«Boron: Statistics and Information»</a>. USGS<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 5 de maio de 2009</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ABoro&amp;rft.btitle=Boron%3A+Statistics+and+Information&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=USGS&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fminerals.usgs.gov%2Fminerals%2Fpubs%2Fcommodity%2Fboron%2F&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CRC-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-CRC_41-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-CRC_41-1">b</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-CRC_41-2">c</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hammond, C. R. (1994). <i>The Elements, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st edition</i>. [S.l.]: CRC press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0-8493-0485-7" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0-8493-0485-7">0-8493-0485-7</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ABoro&amp;rft.aufirst=C.+R.&amp;rft.aulast=Hammond&amp;rft.btitle=The+Elements%2C+in+Handbook+of+Chemistry+and+Physics+81st+edition&amp;rft.date=1994&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=0-8493-0485-7&amp;rft.pub=CRC+press&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-42">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:HPD&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Predefinição:HPD (página não existe)">Predefinição:HPD</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-43">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Thompson, R. (1974). «Industrial applications of boron compounds». <i>Pure and Applied Chemistry</i>. <b>39</b> (4): 547. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1351%2Fpac197439040547">10.1351/pac197439040547</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ABoro&amp;rft.atitle=Industrial+applications+of+boron+compounds&amp;rft.aufirst=R.&amp;rft.aulast=Thompson&amp;rft.date=1974&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.jtitle=Pure+and+Applied+Chemistry&amp;rft.pages=547&amp;rft.volume=39&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1351%2Fpac197439040547&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-acid-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-acid_44-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chemicalland21.com/industrialchem/inorganic/BORIC%20ACID.htm">«Boric acid»</a>. <i>chemicalland21.com</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ABoro&amp;rft.atitle=Boric+acid&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=chemicalland21.com&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchemicalland21.com%2Findustrialchem%2Finorganic%2FBORIC%2520ACID.htm&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-45">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Pfaender, H. G. (1996). <i>Schott guide to glass</i> 2 ed. [S.l.]: Springer. p.&#160;122. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0-412-62060-X" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0-412-62060-X">0-412-62060-X</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ABoro&amp;rft.aufirst=H.+G.&amp;rft.aulast=Pfaender&amp;rft.btitle=Schott+guide+to+glass&amp;rft.date=1996&amp;rft.edition=2&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=0-412-62060-X&amp;rft.pages=122&amp;rft.pub=Springer&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-46">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Herring, H. W. (1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ntrs.nasa.gov/archive/nasa/casi.ntrs.nasa.gov/19660005941_1966005941.pdf">«Selected Mechanical and Physical Properties of Boron Filaments»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. NASA<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 20 de setembro de 2008</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ABoro&amp;rft.aufirst=H.+W.&amp;rft.aulast=Herring&amp;rft.btitle=Selected+Mechanical+and+Physical+Properties+of+Boron+Filaments&amp;rft.date=1966&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=NASA&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fntrs.nasa.gov%2Farchive%2Fnasa%2Fcasi.ntrs.nasa.gov%2F19660005941_1966005941.pdf&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-47">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Layden, G. K. (1973). «Fracture behaviour of boron filaments». <i>Journal of Materials Science</i>. <b>8</b> (11): 1581–1589. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1973JMatS...8.1581L">1973JMatS...8.1581L</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2FBF00754893">10.1007/BF00754893</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ABoro&amp;rft.atitle=Fracture+behaviour+of+boron+filaments&amp;rft.aufirst=G.+K.&amp;rft.aulast=Layden&amp;rft.date=1973&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.issue=11&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Materials+Science&amp;rft.pages=1581-1589&amp;rft.volume=8&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1973JMatS...8.1581L&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF00754893&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-48">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Cooke, Theodore F. (1991). «Inorganic Fibers—A Literature Review». <i>Journal of the American Ceramic Society</i>. <b>74</b> (12): 2959–2978. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1151-2916.1991.tb04289.x">10.1111/j.1151-2916.1991.tb04289.x</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ABoro&amp;rft.atitle=Inorganic+Fibers%94A+Literature+Review&amp;rft.aufirst=Theodore+F.&amp;rft.aulast=Cooke&amp;rft.date=1991&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.issue=12&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Ceramic+Society&amp;rft.pages=2959-2978&amp;rft.volume=74&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1151-2916.1991.tb04289.x&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-49">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Johansson, S.; Schweitz, Jan-Åke; Westberg, Helena; Boman, Mats (1992). «Microfabrication of three-dimensional boron structures by laser chemical processing». <i>Journal Applied Physics</i>. <b>72</b> (12): 5956–5963. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1992JAP....72.5956J">1992JAP....72.5956J</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1063%2F1.351904">10.1063/1.351904</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ABoro&amp;rft.atitle=Microfabrication+of+three-dimensional+boron+structures+by+laser+chemical+processing&amp;rft.au=Boman%2C+Mats&amp;rft.au=Schweitz%2C+Jan-%C3%85ke&amp;rft.au=Westberg%2C+Helena&amp;rft.aufirst=S.&amp;rft.aulast=Johansson&amp;rft.date=1992&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.issue=12&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+Applied+Physics&amp;rft.pages=5956-5963&amp;rft.volume=72&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1992JAP....72.5956J&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1063%2F1.351904&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-50">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Solozhenko, V. L.; Kurakevych, Oleksandr O.; Le Godec, Yann; Mezouar, Mohamed; Mezouar, Mohamed (2009). «Ultimate Metastable Solubility of Boron in Diamond: Synthesis of Superhard Diamondlike BC5». <i>Phys. Rev. Lett</i>. <b>102</b> (1): 015506. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2009PhRvL.102a5506S">2009PhRvL.102a5506S</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19257210">19257210</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.102.015506">10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.015506</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ABoro&amp;rft.atitle=Ultimate+Metastable+Solubility+of+Boron+in+Diamond%3A+Synthesis+of+Superhard+Diamondlike+BC5&amp;rft.au=Kurakevych%2C+Oleksandr+O.&amp;rft.au=Le+Godec%2C+Yann&amp;rft.au=Mezouar%2C+Mohamed&amp;rft.au=Mezouar%2C+Mohamed&amp;rft.aufirst=V.+L.&amp;rft.aulast=Solozhenko&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.jtitle=Phys.+Rev.+Lett.&amp;rft.pages=015506&amp;rft.volume=102&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2009PhRvL.102a5506S&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1103%2FPhysRevLett.102.015506&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19257210&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-qin-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-qin_51-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Qin, Jiaqian; He, Duanwei; Wang, Jianghua; Fang, Leiming; Lei, Li; Li, Yongjun; Hu, Juan; Kou, Zili; Bi, Yan (2008). «Is Rhenium Diboride a Superhard Material?». <i>Advanced Materials</i>. <b>20</b> (24): 4780–4783. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fadma.200801471">10.1002/adma.200801471</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ABoro&amp;rft.atitle=Is+Rhenium+Diboride+a+Superhard+Material%3F&amp;rft.au=Bi%2C+Yan&amp;rft.au=Fang%2C+Leiming&amp;rft.au=He%2C+Duanwei&amp;rft.au=Hu%2C+Juan&amp;rft.au=Kou%2C+Zili&amp;rft.au=Lei%2C+Li&amp;rft.au=Li%2C+Yongjun&amp;rft.au=Wang%2C+Jianghua&amp;rft.aufirst=Jiaqian&amp;rft.aulast=Qin&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.issue=24&amp;rft.jtitle=Advanced+Materials&amp;rft.pages=4780-4783&amp;rft.volume=20&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fadma.200801471&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> !CS1 manut: número-autores (<a href="/wiki/Categoria:!CS1_manut:_n%C3%BAmero-autores" title="Categoria:!CS1 manut: número-autores">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-52">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Gogotsi, Y. G. and Andrievski, R.A. (1999). <i>Materials Science of Carbides, Nitrides and Borides</i>. [S.l.]: Springer. pp.&#160;270–270. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0-7923-5707-8" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0-7923-5707-8">0-7923-5707-8</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ABoro&amp;rft.au=Gogotsi%2C+Y.+G.+and+Andrievski%2C+R.A.&amp;rft.btitle=Materials+Science+of+Carbides%2C+Nitrides+and+Borides&amp;rft.date=1999&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=0-7923-5707-8&amp;rft.pages=270-270&amp;rft.pub=Springer&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> !CS1 manut: Nomes múltiplos: lista de autores (<a href="/wiki/Categoria:!CS1_manut:_Nomes_m%C3%BAltiplos:_lista_de_autores" title="Categoria:!CS1 manut: Nomes múltiplos: lista de autores">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Klotz_1994_1534–1536-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Klotz_1994_1534–1536_53-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Klotz, J. H.; Moss, JI; Zhao, R; Davis Jr, LR; Patterson, RS (1994). «Oral toxicity of boric acid and other boron compounds to immature cat fleas (Siphonaptera: Pulicidae)». <i>J. Econ. Entomol</i>. <b>87</b> (6): 1534–1536. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7836612">7836612</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ABoro&amp;rft.atitle=Oral+toxicity+of+boric+acid+and+other+boron+compounds+to+immature+cat+fleas+%28Siphonaptera%3A+Pulicidae%29&amp;rft.au=Davis+Jr%2C+LR&amp;rft.au=Moss%2C+JI&amp;rft.au=Patterson%2C+RS&amp;rft.au=Zhao%2C+R&amp;rft.aufirst=J.+H.&amp;rft.aulast=Klotz&amp;rft.date=1994&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.issue=6&amp;rft.jtitle=J.+Econ.+Entomol.&amp;rft.pages=1534-1536&amp;rft.volume=87&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F7836612&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-54">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Eduardo Motta Alves Peixoto (1996), BORO,Raquel Maria Ferreira de Sousa, Lucianno Eduardo Fernandes e Wendell Guerra (2012), NIÓBIO, &lt;<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://qnesc.sbq.org.br/online/qnesc35_1/11-EQ-13-11.pdf">http://qnesc.sbq.org.br/online/qnesc35_1/11-EQ-13-11.pdf</a>&gt;, acessado no dia dez de maio de 2014. , acessado no dia desseis de outubro de 2014.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-magnet-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-magnet_55-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Campbell, Peter (1996). <i>Permanent magnet materials and their application</i>. [S.l.]: Cambridge University Press. p.&#160;45. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0-521-56688-6" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0-521-56688-6">0-521-56688-6</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ABoro&amp;rft.aufirst=Peter&amp;rft.aulast=Campbell&amp;rft.btitle=Permanent+magnet+materials+and+their+application&amp;rft.date=1996&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=0-521-56688-6&amp;rft.pages=45&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-56">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Canfield,, Paul C.; Crabtree, George W. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cmp.ameslab.gov/personnel/canfield/pub/pt0303.pdf">«Magnesium Diboride: Better Late than Never»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>Physics Today</i>. <b>56</b> (3): 34–41. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003PhT....56c..34C">2003PhT....56c..34C</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1063%2F1.1570770">10.1063/1.1570770</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ABoro&amp;rft.atitle=Magnesium+Diboride%3A+Better+Late+than+Never&amp;rft.au=Crabtree%2C+George+W.&amp;rft.aufirst=Paul+C.&amp;rft.aulast=Canfield%2C&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.jtitle=Physics+Today&amp;rft.pages=34-41&amp;rft.volume=56&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cmp.ameslab.gov%2Fpersonnel%2Fcanfield%2Fpub%2Fpt0303.pdf&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2003PhT....56c..34C&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1063%2F1.1570770&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-57">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Braccini, Valeria; Nardelli, D; Penco, R; Grasso, G (2007). «Development of ex situ processed MgB<sub>2</sub> wires and their applications to magnets». <i>Physica C: Superconductivity</i>. <b>456</b> (1–2): 209–217. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007PhyC..456..209B">2007PhyC..456..209B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.physc.2007.01.030">10.1016/j.physc.2007.01.030</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ABoro&amp;rft.atitle=Development+of+ex+situ+processed+MgB%3Csub%3E2%3C%2Fsub%3E+wires+and+their+applications+to+magnets&amp;rft.au=Grasso%2C+G&amp;rft.au=Nardelli%2C+D&amp;rft.au=Penco%2C+R&amp;rft.aufirst=Valeria&amp;rft.aulast=Braccini&amp;rft.date=2007&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.issue=1%932&amp;rft.jtitle=Physica+C%3A+Superconductivity&amp;rft.pages=209-217&amp;rft.volume=456&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2007PhyC..456..209B&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.physc.2007.01.030&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-58">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Wu, Xiaowei; Chandel, R. S.; Li, Hang (2001). «Evaluation of transient liquid phase bonding between nickel-based superalloys». <i>Journal of Materials Science</i>. <b>36</b> (6): 1539–1546. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001JMatS..36.1539W">2001JMatS..36.1539W</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1023%2FA%3A1017513200502">10.1023/A:1017513200502</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ABoro&amp;rft.atitle=Evaluation+of+transient+liquid+phase+bonding+between+nickel-based+superalloys&amp;rft.au=Chandel%2C+R.+S.&amp;rft.au=Li%2C+Hang&amp;rft.aufirst=Xiaowei&amp;rft.aulast=Wu&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.issue=6&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Materials+Science&amp;rft.pages=1539-1546&amp;rft.volume=36&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2001JMatS..36.1539W&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1023%2FA%3A1017513200502&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-59">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">May, Gary S.; Spanos, Costas J. (2006). <i>Fundamentals of semiconductor manufacturing and process control</i>. [S.l.]: John Wiley and Sons. pp.&#160;51–54. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0-471-78406-0" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0-471-78406-0">0-471-78406-0</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ABoro&amp;rft.au=Spanos%2C+Costas+J.&amp;rft.aufirst=Gary+S.&amp;rft.aulast=May&amp;rft.btitle=Fundamentals+of+semiconductor+manufacturing+and+process+control&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=0-471-78406-0&amp;rft.pages=51-54&amp;rft.pub=John+Wiley+and+Sons&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-60">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Sherer, J. Michael (2005). <i>Semiconductor industry: wafer fab exhaust management</i>. [S.l.]: CRC Press. pp.&#160;39–60. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/1-57444-720-3" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/1-57444-720-3">1-57444-720-3</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ABoro&amp;rft.aufirst=J.+Michael&amp;rft.aulast=Sherer&amp;rft.btitle=Semiconductor+industry%3A+wafer+fab+exhaust+management&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=1-57444-720-3&amp;rft.pages=39-60&amp;rft.pub=CRC+Press&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-61">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Zschech, Ehrenfried; Whelan, Caroline and Mikolajick, Thomas (2005). <i>Materials for information technology: devices, interconnects and packaging</i>. [S.l.]: Birkhäuser. p.&#160;44. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/1-85233-941-1" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/1-85233-941-1">1-85233-941-1</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ABoro&amp;rft.au=Zschech%2C+Ehrenfried%3B+Whelan%2C+Caroline+and+Mikolajick%2C+Thomas&amp;rft.btitle=Materials+for+information+technology%3A+devices%2C+interconnects+and+packaging&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=1-85233-941-1&amp;rft.pages=44&amp;rft.pub=Birkh%C3%A4user&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> !CS1 manut: Nomes múltiplos: lista de autores (<a href="/wiki/Categoria:!CS1_manut:_Nomes_m%C3%BAltiplos:_lista_de_autores" title="Categoria:!CS1 manut: Nomes múltiplos: lista de autores">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-62">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Eduardo Motta Alves Peixoto, BORO,Disponível em: &lt;<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://qnesc.sbq.org.br/online/qnesc04/elemento.pdf">http://qnesc.sbq.org.br/online/qnesc04/elemento.pdf</a> , acessado no dia 5 de maio de 2014&gt;</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-63">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Carr, J. M.; P. J. (1 de janeiro de 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1071/CH10132">«Wood Protection Properties of Quaternary Ammonium Arylspiroborate Esters Derived from Naphthalene 2,3-Diol, 2,2′-Biphenol and 3-Hydroxy-2-naphthoic Acid»</a>. <i>Australian Journal of Chemistry</i>. <b>63</b> (10): 1423-1429. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1071%2Fch10132">10.1071/ch10132</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ABoro&amp;rft.atitle=Wood+Protection+Properties+of+Quaternary+Ammonium+Arylspiroborate+Esters+Derived+from+Naphthalene+2%2C3-Diol%2C+2%2C2%B2-Biphenol+and+3-Hydroxy-2-naphthoic+Acid&amp;rft.aufirst=J.+M.&amp;rft.aulast=Carr&amp;rft.date=2010-01-01&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.issue=10&amp;rft.jtitle=Australian+Journal+of+Chemistry&amp;rft.pages=1423-1429&amp;rft.volume=63&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1071%2FCH10132&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1071%2Fch10132&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">A referência emprega parâmetros obsoletos <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;coautores=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Erros_nas_refer%C3%AAncias#deprecated_params" title="Ajuda:Erros nas referências">ajuda</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-64">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Davies, A. C. (1992). <i>The Science and Practice of Welding: Welding science and technology</i>. [S.l.]: Cambridge University Press. p.&#160;56. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0-521-43565-X" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0-521-43565-X">0-521-43565-X</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ABoro&amp;rft.au=Davies%2C+A.+C.&amp;rft.btitle=The+Science+and+Practice+of+Welding%3A+Welding+science+and+technology&amp;rft.date=1992&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=0-521-43565-X&amp;rft.pages=56&amp;rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-65">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Horrocks, A.R. and Price, D. (2001). <i>Fire Retardant Materials</i>. [S.l.]: Woodhead Publishing Ltd. p.&#160;55. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/1-85573-419-2" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/1-85573-419-2">1-85573-419-2</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ABoro&amp;rft.au=Horrocks%2C+A.R.+and+Price%2C+D.&amp;rft.btitle=Fire+Retardant+Materials&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=1-85573-419-2&amp;rft.pages=55&amp;rft.pub=Woodhead+Publishing+Ltd.&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> !CS1 manut: Nomes múltiplos: lista de autores (<a href="/wiki/Categoria:!CS1_manut:_Nomes_m%C3%BAltiplos:_lista_de_autores" title="Categoria:!CS1 manut: Nomes múltiplos: lista de autores">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-66">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Ide, F. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sciencelinks.jp/j-east/article/200311/000020031103A0287941.php">«Information technology and polymers. Flat panel display»</a>. <i>Engineering Materials</i>. <b>51</b>: 84</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ABoro&amp;rft.atitle=Information+technology+and+polymers.+Flat+panel+display&amp;rft.au=Ide%2C+F.&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Engineering+Materials&amp;rft.pages=84&amp;rft.volume=51&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsciencelinks.jp%2Fj-east%2Farticle%2F200311%2F000020031103A0287941.php&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-67">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chemicalland21.com/industrialchem/inorganic/BORAX%20DECAHYDRATE.htm">«Borax Decahydrate»</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 23 de novembro de 2015</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ABoro&amp;rft.btitle=Borax+Decahydrate&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchemicalland21.com%2Findustrialchem%2Finorganic%2FBORAX%2520DECAHYDRATE.htm&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-68">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Mahler, R. L. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20091001005107/http://info.ag.uidaho.edu/Resources/PDFs/CIS1085.pdf">«Essential Plant Micronutrients. Boron in Idaho»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. University of Idaho<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 5 de maio de 2009</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ABoro&amp;rft.atitle=Essential+Plant+Micronutrients.+Boron+in+Idaho&amp;rft.aufirst=R.+L.&amp;rft.aulast=Mahler&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20091001005107%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Finfo.ag.uidaho.edu%2FResources%2FPDFs%2FCIS1085.pdf&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-69">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20090320175602/http://www.borax.com/agriculture/files/an203.pdf">«Functions of Boron in Plant Nutrition»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. U.S. Borax Inc.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ABoro&amp;rft.btitle=Functions+of+Boron+in+Plant+Nutrition&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=U.S.+Borax+Inc.&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20090320175602%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.borax.com%2Fagriculture%2Ffiles%2Fan203.pdf&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-70">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Blevins, Dale G.; Lukaszewski, KM (1998). «Functions of Boron in Plant Nutrition». <i>Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology</i>. <b>49</b>: 481–500. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15012243">15012243</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev.arplant.49.1.481">10.1146/annurev.arplant.49.1.481</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ABoro&amp;rft.atitle=Functions+of+Boron+in+Plant+Nutrition&amp;rft.au=Lukaszewski%2C+KM&amp;rft.aufirst=Dale+G.&amp;rft.aulast=Blevins&amp;rft.date=1998&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Annual+Review+of+Plant+Physiology+and+Plant+Molecular+Biology&amp;rft.pages=481-500&amp;rft.volume=49&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1146%2Fannurev.arplant.49.1.481&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15012243&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boro&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=23" title="Editar secção: Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boro&amp;action=edit&amp;section=23" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Bibliografia"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite id="Boron" class="citation book">Beatty, Richard (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com.br/books?id=O6Y_UH_DOlgC&amp;printsec=frontcover&amp;dq=boron&amp;hl=pt-BR&amp;sa=X&amp;ei=OZWJUKKrHuni0gGMm4H4Cw&amp;redir_esc=y"><i>The Elements: Boron</i></a> (em inglês). Nova Iorque: Marshall Cavendish Benchmark</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ABoro&amp;rft.au=Beatty%2C+Richard&amp;rft.btitle=The+Elements%3A+Boron&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.place=Nova+Iorque&amp;rft.pub=Marshall+Cavendish+Benchmark&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.br%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DO6Y_UH_DOlgC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26dq%3Dboron%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26sa%3DX%26ei%3DOZWJUKKrHuni0gGMm4H4Cw%26redir_esc%3Dy&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li></ul> <div class="noprint" style="clear: right; border: solid #aaa 1px; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; font-size: 90%; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f9f9f9); color: inherit; width: 238px; padding: 5px; spacing: 2px; text-align: center; float: right;"> <div style="float: left; vertical-align:middle;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Commons"><img alt="Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/22px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/33px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/44px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption>Commons</figcaption></figure></div> <div style="margin-left: 30px; line-height:normal; vertical-align:middle;">O <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1gina_principal" class="extiw" title="commons:Página principal">Commons</a> possui imagens e outros ficheiros sobre <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boron&amp;uselang=pt">Boro</a></span></b></div> </div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tabela_periódica" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-ver"><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Tabela_peri%C3%B3dica_compacta" title="Predefinição:Tabela periódica compacta"><abbr title="Ver esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-discutir"><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Discuss%C3%A3o:Tabela_peri%C3%B3dica_compacta" title="Predefinição Discussão:Tabela periódica compacta"><abbr title="Discutir esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-editar"><a class="external text" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Tabela_peri%C3%B3dica_compacta&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Editar esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tabela_periódica" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tabela_peri%C3%B3dica" title="Tabela periódica">Tabela periódica</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="Lista_de_elementos_químicos"><small><a href="/wiki/Lista_de_elementos_qu%C3%ADmicos" title="Lista de elementos químicos">Lista de elementos químicos</a></small></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <table cellpadding="0" style="table-layout:fixed; width:100%;" aria-describedby="periodic-table-legend"> <tbody><tr> <td style="line-height:100%;"> </td> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Metal_alcalino" title="Metal alcalino">1</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Metal_alcalinoterroso" title="Metal alcalinoterroso">2</a> </th> <td colspan="14"> </td> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Elementos_do_Grupo_3" title="Elementos do Grupo 3">3</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Elementos_do_Grupo_4" title="Elementos do Grupo 4">4</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Elementos_do_Grupo_5" title="Elementos do Grupo 5">5</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Elementos_do_Grupo_6" title="Elementos do Grupo 6">6</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Elementos_do_Grupo_7" title="Elementos do Grupo 7">7</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Elementos_do_Grupo_8" title="Elementos do Grupo 8">8</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Elementos_do_Grupo_9" title="Elementos do Grupo 9">9</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Elementos_do_Grupo_10" title="Elementos do Grupo 10">10</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Elementos_do_Grupo_11" title="Elementos do Grupo 11">11</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Elementos_do_Grupo_12" title="Elementos do Grupo 12">12</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Grupo_do_boro" title="Grupo do boro">13</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Grupo_do_carbono" title="Grupo do carbono">14</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Grupo_do_nitrog%C3%AAnio" title="Grupo do nitrogênio">15</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Calcog%C3%AAnio" title="Calcogênio">16</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Halog%C3%AAnio" title="Halogênio">17</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A1s_nobre" title="Gás nobre">18</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Per%C3%ADodo_1_(qu%C3%ADmica)" title="Período 1 (química)">1</a> </th> <td title="Hidrogénio, 1 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Hidrog%C3%A9nio" title="Hidrogénio"><span style="display:block">H</span></a> </td> <td colspan="30"> </td> <td title="Hélio, 2 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9lio" title="Hélio"><span style="display:block">He</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Per%C3%ADodo_2_(qu%C3%ADmica)" title="Período 2 (química)">2</a> </th> <td title="Lítio, 3 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADtio" title="Lítio"><span style="display:block">Li</span></a> </td> <td title="Berílio, 4 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Ber%C3%ADlio" title="Berílio"><span style="display:block">Be</span></a> </td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td title="Boro, 5 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:1px solid black; ;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span style="display:block">B</span></a> </td> <td title="Carbono, 6 (polyatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#a1ffc3; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Carbono" title="Carbono"><span style="display:block">C</span></a> </td> <td title="Azoto, 7 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Azoto" title="Azoto"><span style="display:block">N</span></a> </td> <td title="Oxigénio, 8 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Oxig%C3%A9nio" title="Oxigénio"><span style="display:block">O</span></a> </td> <td title="Flúor, 9 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Fl%C3%BAor" title="Flúor"><span style="display:block">F</span></a> </td> <td title="Néon, 10 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9on" title="Néon"><span style="display:block">Ne</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%ADodo_3_(qu%C3%ADmica)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Período 3 (química) (página não existe)">3</a> </th> <td title="Sódio, 11 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B3dio" title="Sódio"><span style="display:block">Na</span></a> </td> <td title="Magnésio, 12 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Magn%C3%A9sio" title="Magnésio"><span style="display:block">Mg</span></a> </td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td title="Alumínio, 13 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Alum%C3%ADnio" title="Alumínio"><span style="display:block">Al</span></a> </td> <td title="Silício, 14 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Sil%C3%ADcio" title="Silício"><span style="display:block">Si</span></a> </td> <td title="Fósforo, 15 (polyatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#a1ffc3; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%B3sforo" title="Fósforo"><span style="display:block">P</span></a> </td> <td title="Enxofre, 16 (polyatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#a1ffc3; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Enxofre" title="Enxofre"><span style="display:block">S</span></a> </td> <td title="Cloro, 17 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Cloro" title="Cloro"><span style="display:block">Cl</span></a> </td> <td title="Árgon, 18 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%81rgon" title="Árgon"><span style="display:block">Ar</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%ADodo_4_(qu%C3%ADmica)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Período 4 (química) (página não existe)">4</a> </th> <td title="Potássio, 19 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Pot%C3%A1ssio" title="Potássio"><span style="display:block">K</span></a> </td> <td title="Cálcio, 20 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1lcio" title="Cálcio"><span style="display:block">Ca</span></a> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td title="Escândio, 21 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Esc%C3%A2ndio" title="Escândio"><span style="display:block">Sc</span></a> </td> <td title="Titânio, 22 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tit%C3%A2nio" title="Titânio"><span style="display:block">Ti</span></a> </td> <td title="Vanádio, 23 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Van%C3%A1dio" title="Vanádio"><span style="display:block">V</span></a> </td> <td title="Crômio, 24 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%B4mio" class="mw-redirect" title="Crômio"><span style="display:block">Cr</span></a> </td> <td title="Manganês, 25 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Mangan%C3%AAs" title="Manganês"><span style="display:block">Mn</span></a> </td> <td title="Ferro, 26 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Ferro" title="Ferro"><span style="display:block">Fe</span></a> </td> <td title="Cobalto, 27 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Cobalto" title="Cobalto"><span style="display:block">Co</span></a> </td> <td title="Níquel, 28 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%ADquel" title="Níquel"><span style="display:block">Ni</span></a> </td> <td title="Cobre, 29 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Cobre" title="Cobre"><span style="display:block">Cu</span></a> </td> <td title="Zinco, 30 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Zinco" title="Zinco"><span style="display:block">Zn</span></a> </td> <td title="Gálio, 31 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A1lio" title="Gálio"><span style="display:block">Ga</span></a> </td> <td title="Germânio, 32 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Germ%C3%A2nio" title="Germânio"><span style="display:block">Ge</span></a> </td> <td title="Arsênio, 33 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Ars%C3%AAnio" title="Arsênio"><span style="display:block">As</span></a> </td> <td title="Selênio, 34 (polyatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#a1ffc3; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Sel%C3%AAnio" title="Selênio"><span style="display:block">Se</span></a> </td> <td title="Bromo, 35 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Bromo" title="Bromo"><span style="display:block">Br</span></a> </td> <td title="Crípton, 36 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%ADpton" title="Crípton"><span style="display:block">Kr</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%ADodo_5_(qu%C3%ADmica)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Período 5 (química) (página não existe)">5</a> </th> <td title="Rubídio, 37 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rub%C3%ADdio" title="Rubídio"><span style="display:block">Rb</span></a> </td> <td title="Estrôncio, 38 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Estr%C3%B4ncio" title="Estrôncio"><span style="display:block">Sr</span></a> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td title="Ítrio, 39 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dtrio" title="Ítrio"><span style="display:block">Y</span></a> </td> <td title="Zircônio, 40 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Zirc%C3%B4nio" title="Zircônio"><span style="display:block">Zr</span></a> </td> <td title="Nióbio, 41 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Ni%C3%B3bio" title="Nióbio"><span style="display:block">Nb</span></a> </td> <td title="Molibdênio, 42 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Molibd%C3%AAnio" title="Molibdênio"><span style="display:block">Mo</span></a> </td> <td title="Tecnécio, 43 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tecn%C3%A9cio" title="Tecnécio"><span style="display:block">Tc</span></a> </td> <td title="Rutênio, 44 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rut%C3%AAnio" title="Rutênio"><span style="display:block">Ru</span></a> </td> <td title="Ródio, 45 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B3dio" title="Ródio"><span style="display:block">Rh</span></a> </td> <td title="Paládio, 46 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Pal%C3%A1dio" title="Paládio"><span style="display:block">Pd</span></a> </td> <td title="Prata, 47 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Prata" title="Prata"><span style="display:block">Ag</span></a> </td> <td title="Cádmio, 48 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1dmio" title="Cádmio"><span style="display:block">Cd</span></a> </td> <td title="Índio (elemento químico), 49 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dndio_(elemento_qu%C3%ADmico)" title="Índio (elemento químico)"><span style="display:block">In</span></a> </td> <td title="Estanho, 50 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Estanho" title="Estanho"><span style="display:block">Sn</span></a> </td> <td title="Antimônio, 51 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Antim%C3%B4nio" title="Antimônio"><span style="display:block">Sb</span></a> </td> <td title="Telúrio, 52 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tel%C3%BArio" title="Telúrio"><span style="display:block">Te</span></a> </td> <td title="Iodo, 53 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Iodo" title="Iodo"><span style="display:block">I</span></a> </td> <td title="Xenônio, 54 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Xen%C3%B4nio" title="Xenônio"><span style="display:block">Xe</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%ADodo_6_(qu%C3%ADmica)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Período 6 (química) (página não existe)">6</a> </th> <td title="Césio, 55 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sio" title="Césio"><span style="display:block">Cs</span></a> </td> <td title="Bário, 56 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1rio" title="Bário"><span style="display:block">Ba</span></a> </td> <td title="Lantânio, 57 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lant%C3%A2nio" title="Lantânio"><span style="display:block">La</span></a> </td> <td title="Cério, 58 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9rio" title="Cério"><span style="display:block">Ce</span></a> </td> <td title="Praseodímio, 59 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Praseod%C3%ADmio" title="Praseodímio"><span style="display:block">Pr</span></a> </td> <td title="Neodímio, 60 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Neod%C3%ADmio" title="Neodímio"><span style="display:block">Nd</span></a> </td> <td title="Promécio, 61 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Prom%C3%A9cio" title="Promécio"><span style="display:block">Pm</span></a> </td> <td title="Samário, 62 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Sam%C3%A1rio" title="Samário"><span style="display:block">Sm</span></a> </td> <td title="Európio, 63 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Eur%C3%B3pio" title="Európio"><span style="display:block">Eu</span></a> </td> <td title="Gadolínio, 64 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Gadol%C3%ADnio" title="Gadolínio"><span style="display:block">Gd</span></a> </td> <td title="Térbio, 65 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9rbio" title="Térbio"><span style="display:block">Tb</span></a> </td> <td title="Disprósio, 66 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Dispr%C3%B3sio" title="Disprósio"><span style="display:block">Dy</span></a> </td> <td title="Hólmio, 67 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B3lmio" title="Hólmio"><span style="display:block">Ho</span></a> </td> <td title="Érbio, 68 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89rbio" title="Érbio"><span style="display:block">Er</span></a> </td> <td title="Túlio, 69 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BAlio" title="Túlio"><span style="display:block">Tm</span></a> </td> <td title="Itérbio, 70 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/It%C3%A9rbio" title="Itérbio"><span style="display:block">Yb</span></a> </td> <td title="Lutécio, 71 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lut%C3%A9cio" title="Lutécio"><span style="display:block">Lu</span></a> </td> <td title="Háfnio, 72 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A1fnio" title="Háfnio"><span style="display:block">Hf</span></a> </td> <td title="Tântalo (elemento químico), 73 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A2ntalo_(elemento_qu%C3%ADmico)" title="Tântalo (elemento químico)"><span style="display:block">Ta</span></a> </td> <td title="Tungstênio, 74 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tungst%C3%AAnio" title="Tungstênio"><span style="display:block">W</span></a> </td> <td title="Rênio, 75 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%AAnio" title="Rênio"><span style="display:block">Re</span></a> </td> <td title="Ósmio, 76 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%93smio" title="Ósmio"><span style="display:block">Os</span></a> </td> <td title="Irídio, 77 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Ir%C3%ADdio" title="Irídio"><span style="display:block">Ir</span></a> </td> <td title="Platina, 78 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Platina" title="Platina"><span style="display:block">Pt</span></a> </td> <td title="Ouro, 79 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Ouro" title="Ouro"><span style="display:block">Au</span></a> </td> <td title="Mercúrio (elemento químico), 80 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Merc%C3%BArio_(elemento_qu%C3%ADmico)" title="Mercúrio (elemento químico)"><span style="display:block">Hg</span></a> </td> <td title="Tálio, 81 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A1lio" title="Tálio"><span style="display:block">Tl</span></a> </td> <td title="Chumbo, 82 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Chumbo" title="Chumbo"><span style="display:block">Pb</span></a> </td> <td title="Bismuto, 83 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Bismuto" title="Bismuto"><span style="display:block">Bi</span></a> </td> <td title="Polônio, 84 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Pol%C3%B4nio" title="Polônio"><span style="display:block">Po</span></a> </td> <td title="Ástato, 85 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%81stato" title="Ástato"><span style="display:block">At</span></a> </td> <td title="Rádon, 86 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A1don" title="Rádon"><span style="display:block">Rn</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%ADodo_7_(qu%C3%ADmica)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Período 7 (química) (página não existe)">7</a> </th> <td title="Frâncio, 87 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A2ncio" title="Frâncio"><span style="display:block">Fr</span></a> </td> <td title="Rádio (elemento químico), 88 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A1dio_(elemento_qu%C3%ADmico)" title="Rádio (elemento químico)"><span style="display:block">Ra</span></a> </td> <td title="Actínio, 89 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Act%C3%ADnio" title="Actínio"><span style="display:block">Ac</span></a> </td> <td title="Tório, 90 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/T%C3%B3rio" title="Tório"><span style="display:block">Th</span></a> </td> <td title="Protactínio, 91 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Protact%C3%ADnio" title="Protactínio"><span style="display:block">Pa</span></a> </td> <td title="Urânio, 92 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Ur%C3%A2nio" title="Urânio"><span style="display:block">U</span></a> </td> <td title="Neptúnio, 93 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nept%C3%BAnio" title="Neptúnio"><span style="display:block">Np</span></a> </td> <td title="Plutónio, 94 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Plut%C3%B3nio" title="Plutónio"><span style="display:block">Pu</span></a> </td> <td title="Amerício, 95 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Amer%C3%ADcio" title="Amerício"><span style="display:block">Am</span></a> </td> <td title="Cúrio, 96 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%BArio" title="Cúrio"><span style="display:block">Cm</span></a> </td> <td title="Berquélio, 97 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Berqu%C3%A9lio" title="Berquélio"><span style="display:block">Bk</span></a> </td> <td title="Califórnio, 98 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Calif%C3%B3rnio" title="Califórnio"><span style="display:block">Cf</span></a> </td> <td title="Einstênio, 99 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Einst%C3%AAnio" title="Einstênio"><span style="display:block">Es</span></a> </td> <td title="Férmio, 100 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9rmio" title="Férmio"><span style="display:block">Fm</span></a> </td> <td title="Mendelévio, 101 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Mendel%C3%A9vio" title="Mendelévio"><span style="display:block">Md</span></a> </td> <td title="Nobélio, 102 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nob%C3%A9lio" title="Nobélio"><span style="display:block">No</span></a> </td> <td title="Laurêncio, 103 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Laur%C3%AAncio" title="Laurêncio"><span style="display:block">Lr</span></a> </td> <td title="Rutherfórdio, 104 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rutherf%C3%B3rdio" title="Rutherfórdio"><span style="display:block">Rf</span></a> </td> <td title="Dúbnio, 105 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BAbnio" title="Dúbnio"><span style="display:block">Db</span></a> </td> <td title="Seabórgio, 106 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Seab%C3%B3rgio" title="Seabórgio"><span style="display:block">Sg</span></a> </td> <td title="Bóhrio, 107 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%B3hrio" title="Bóhrio"><span style="display:block">Bh</span></a> </td> <td title="Hássio, 108 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A1ssio" title="Hássio"><span style="display:block">Hs</span></a> </td> <td title="Meitnério, 109 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Meitn%C3%A9rio" title="Meitnério"><span style="display:block">Mt</span></a> </td> <td title="Darmstádtio, 110 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Darmst%C3%A1dtio" title="Darmstádtio"><span style="display:block">Ds</span></a> </td> <td title="Roentgênio, 111 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Roentg%C3%AAnio" title="Roentgênio"><span style="display:block">Rg</span></a> </td> <td title="Copernício, 112 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Copern%C3%ADcio" title="Copernício"><span style="display:block">Cn</span></a> </td> <td title="Nihonium, 113 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nihonium" title="Nihonium"><span style="display:block">Nh</span></a> </td> <td title="Fleróvio, 114 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Fler%C3%B3vio" title="Fleróvio"><span style="display:block">Fl</span></a> </td> <td title="Moscóvio, 115 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Mosc%C3%B3vio" title="Moscóvio"><span style="display:block">Mc</span></a> </td> <td title="Livermório, 116 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Liverm%C3%B3rio" title="Livermório"><span style="display:block">Lv</span></a> </td> <td title="Tenesso, 117 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tenesso" title="Tenesso"><span style="display:block">Ts</span></a> </td> <td title="Oganesson, 118 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Oganesson" title="Oganesson"><span style="display:block">Og</span></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <table role="presentation" id="periodic-table-legend" class="wikitable" style="width:100%; line-height:120%; text-align:center; vertical-align:top; font-size:85%; background:#f8f8f8; margin:0; font-size:90%; margin-top:0.5em;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table style="width:100%; table-layout:fixed; overflow:hidden;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#ff6666;"><a href="/wiki/Metal_alcalino" title="Metal alcalino">Metais alcalinos</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#ffdead;"><a href="/wiki/Metal_alcalinoterroso" title="Metal alcalinoterroso">Metais alcalinos-terrosos</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#ffbfff;"><a href="/wiki/Lantan%C3%ADdeo" title="Lantanídeo">Lantanídeos</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Actin%C3%ADdeo" title="Actinídeo">Actinídeos</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Metal_de_transi%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Metal de transição">Metais de<br />transição</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#cccccc;"><a href="/wiki/Metal_p%C3%B3s-transi%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Metal pós-transição">Metais<br />pós-transição</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#cccc99;"><a href="/wiki/Semimetal" title="Semimetal">Semimetais</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#a1ffc3;"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A3o_metal" class="mw-redirect" title="Não metal">Não-metais<br />poliatômicos</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#e7ff8f;"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A3o_metal" class="mw-redirect" title="Não metal">Diatômicos não metais</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#c0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A1s_nobre" title="Gás nobre">Gases nobres</a> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="padding:0 1px; background:#e8e8e8;">Propriedades<br />químicas<br />desconhecidas </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Controle_de_autoridade" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Controle_de_autoridade" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 12%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Controle_de_autoridade" title="Ajuda:Controle de autoridade">Controle de autoridade</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlinks" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Main_Page" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span>: <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q618" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q618">Q618</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tesauro_de_Arte_e_Arquitetura" title="Tesauro de Arte e Arquitetura">AAT</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=&amp;logic=AND&amp;note=&amp;subjectid=300264228">300264228</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_Central_de_Floren%C3%A7a" title="Biblioteca Nacional Central de Florença">BNCF</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thes.bncf.firenze.sbn.it/termine.php?id=31249">31249</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_da_Fran%C3%A7a" title="Biblioteca Nacional da França">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12140810z">12140810z</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Grande_Enciclop%C3%A9dia_Sovi%C3%A9tica" title="Grande Enciclopédia Soviética">BRE</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://old.bigenc.ru/text/1878022">1878022</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">EBID</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/boron-chemical-element">ID</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4007709-3">4007709-3</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://www.jstor.org/topic/boron-compounds">boron-compounds</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%BAmero_de_controle_da_Biblioteca_do_Congresso" title="Número de controle da Biblioteca do Congresso">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85015871">sh85015871</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_da_Dieta" title="Biblioteca Nacional da Dieta">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00563492">00563492</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_T%C3%A9cnica_Nacional_de_Praga" title="Biblioteca Técnica Nacional de Praga">PSH</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://psh.techlib.cz/skos/PSH5791">5791</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclop%C3%A9dia_Treccani" title="Enciclopédia Treccani">Treccani</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/boro">boro</a></span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Identificadores" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Identificadores" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 12%; text-align:center;">Identificadores</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlinks" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%BAmero_CAS" title="Número CAS">CAS</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=7440-42-8">7440-42-8</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/ChEBI" title="ChEBI">ChEBI</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:27560">27560</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/ChemSpider" title="ChemSpider">ChemSpider</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.4575371.html">4575371</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/DrugBank" title="DrugBank">DrugBank</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://go.drugbank.com/drugs/DB11203">DB11203</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54774134" class="extiw" title="d:Q54774134">DTXSID</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID3023922">DTXSID3023922</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59911453" class="extiw" title="d:Q59911453">ECHA</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.028.319">100.028.319</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/KEGG" title="KEGG">KEGG</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kegg.jp/entry/C06266">C06266</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D001895">D001895</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D01.268.513.500">D01.268.513.500</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21008030" class="extiw" title="d:Q21008030">NDF-RT</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bioportal.bioontology.org/ontologies/NDFRT?p=classes&amp;conceptid=N0000148267">N0000148267</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem">PubChem</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/5462311">5462311</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RxNorm" class="extiw" title="en:RxNorm">RxNorm</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mor.nlm.nih.gov/RxNav/search?searchBy=RXCUI&amp;searchTerm=1705">1705</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Sistema_Unificado_de_Linguagem_M%C3%A9dica" title="Sistema Unificado de Linguagem Médica">UMLS</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ncim-stage.nci.nih.gov/ncimbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI%20Metathesaurus&amp;code=C0006030">C0006030</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/UNII" title="UNII">UNII</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/beta/substances/N9E3X5056Q">N9E3X5056Q</a></span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <ul class="noprint navigation-box" style="border-top: solid silver 1px; border-right: solid silver 1px; border-bottom:1px solid silver; border-left: solid silver 1px; padding:3px; background-color: #F9F9F9; text-align: center; margin-top:10px; margin-left: 0; clear: both;"><li style="display: inline;"><span style="white-space: nowrap; margin: auto 1.5em"><span style="margin-right: 0.5em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg" title="Portal da ciência"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg/25px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg/38px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg/50px-Nuvola_apps_kalzium.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span></span> <span style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Ci%C3%AAncia" title="Portal:Ciência">Portal da ciência</a></span></span></li> <li style="display: inline;"><span style="white-space: nowrap; margin: auto 1.5em"><span style="margin-right: 0.5em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Sciences_exactes.svg" title="Portal da química"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Sciences_exactes.svg/25px-Sciences_exactes.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Sciences_exactes.svg/38px-Sciences_exactes.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Sciences_exactes.svg/50px-Sciences_exactes.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256" /></a></span></span> <span style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Qu%C3%ADmica" title="Portal:Química">Portal da química</a></span></span></li> </ul> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐f69cdc8f6‐w8xh7 Cached time: 20241124162915 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 1.352 seconds Real time usage: 1.648 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 21822/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 435372/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 20770/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 13/100 Expensive parser function count: 52/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 92827/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.726/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 13116852/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 26/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 1397.504 1 -total 36.64% 512.022 1 Predefinição:Controle_de_autoridade 21.26% 297.128 1 Predefinição:Tabela_Periódica_Compacta 20.92% 292.315 1 Predefinição:Navbox 17.21% 240.524 118 Predefinição:Element_cell-compact 16.63% 232.350 3 Predefinição:Referências 11.93% 166.778 130 Predefinição:Element_color 8.49% 118.713 1 Predefinição:Mais_notas 7.10% 99.226 1 Predefinição:Ambox 4.84% 67.638 1 Predefinição:Elemento/Boro --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key ptwiki:pcache:idhash:5672-0!canonical and timestamp 20241124162915 and revision id 68653035. Rendering was triggered because: page-view --> </div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Obtida de "<a dir="ltr" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boro&amp;oldid=68653035">https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boro&amp;oldid=68653035</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Categorias" title="Especial:Categorias">Categoria</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Boro" title="Categoria:Boro">Boro</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categorias ocultas: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:!CS1_ingl%C3%AAs-fontes_em_l%C3%ADngua_(en)" title="Categoria:!CS1 inglês-fontes em língua (en)">!CS1 inglês-fontes em língua (en)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:!CS1_manut:_Nomes_m%C3%BAltiplos:_lista_de_autores" title="Categoria:!CS1 manut: Nomes múltiplos: lista de autores">!CS1 manut: Nomes múltiplos: lista de autores</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:!CS1_manut:_n%C3%BAmero-autores" title="Categoria:!CS1 manut: número-autores">!CS1 manut: número-autores</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:!P%C3%A1ginas_que_usam_refer%C3%AAncias_com_par%C3%A2metros_obsoletas" title="Categoria:!Páginas que usam referências com parâmetros obsoletas">!Páginas que usam referências com parâmetros obsoletas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:!P%C3%A1ginas_que_usam_hiperliga%C3%A7%C3%B5es_m%C3%A1gicas_ISBN" title="Categoria:!Páginas que usam hiperligações mágicas ISBN">!Páginas que usam hiperligações mágicas ISBN</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:!Artigos_que_carecem_de_notas_de_rodap%C3%A9_desde_maio_de_2024" title="Categoria:!Artigos que carecem de notas de rodapé desde maio de 2024">!Artigos que carecem de notas de rodapé desde maio de 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:!Artigos_que_carecem_de_notas_de_rodap%C3%A9_sem_indica%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_tema" title="Categoria:!Artigos que carecem de notas de rodapé sem indicação de tema">!Artigos que carecem de notas de rodapé sem indicação de tema</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:!Artigos_bons_na_Wikip%C3%A9dia_em_eslovaco" title="Categoria:!Artigos bons na Wikipédia em eslovaco">!Artigos bons na Wikipédia em eslovaco</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:!Artigos_destacados_na_Wikip%C3%A9dia_em_%C3%A1rabe" title="Categoria:!Artigos destacados na Wikipédia em árabe">!Artigos destacados na Wikipédia em árabe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:!Artigos_bons_na_Wikip%C3%A9dia_em_ingl%C3%AAs" title="Categoria:!Artigos bons na Wikipédia em inglês">!Artigos bons na Wikipédia em inglês</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:!Artigos_bons_na_Wikip%C3%A9dia_em_japon%C3%AAs" title="Categoria:!Artigos bons na Wikipédia em japonês">!Artigos bons na Wikipédia em japonês</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:!P%C3%A1ginas_com_mapas" title="Categoria:!Páginas com mapas">!Páginas com mapas</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Esta página foi editada pela última vez às 19h56min de 18 de setembro de 2024.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Este texto é disponibilizado nos termos da licença <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.pt">Atribuição-CompartilhaIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-SA 4.0) da Creative Commons</a>; pode estar sujeito a condições adicionais. Para mais detalhes, consulte as <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">condições de utilização</a>.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy/pt-br">Política de privacidade</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Sobre">Sobre a Wikipédia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Aviso_geral">Avisos gerais</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Código de conduta</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Programadores</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/pt.wikipedia.org">Estatísticas</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Declaração sobre ''cookies''</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//pt.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Boro&amp;mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Versão móvel</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-w8xh7","wgBackendResponseTime":1831,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.352","walltime":"1.648","ppvisitednodes":{"value":21822,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":435372,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":20770,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":13,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":52,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":92827,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":26,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1397.504 1 -total"," 36.64% 512.022 1 Predefinição:Controle_de_autoridade"," 21.26% 297.128 1 Predefinição:Tabela_Periódica_Compacta"," 20.92% 292.315 1 Predefinição:Navbox"," 17.21% 240.524 118 Predefinição:Element_cell-compact"," 16.63% 232.350 3 Predefinição:Referências"," 11.93% 166.778 130 Predefinição:Element_color"," 8.49% 118.713 1 Predefinição:Mais_notas"," 7.10% 99.226 1 Predefinição:Ambox"," 4.84% 67.638 1 Predefinição:Elemento/Boro"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.726","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":13116852,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-w8xh7","timestamp":"20241124162915","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Boro","url":"https:\/\/pt.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Boro","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q618","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q618","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contribuidores dos projetos da Wikimedia"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Wikimedia, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-03-01T00:59:39Z","dateModified":"2024-09-18T19:56:52Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/1\/1d\/Boron_99.7_percent.jpg","headline":"elemento qu\u00edmico com n\u00famero at\u00f3mico 5"}</script> </body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10