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Lítio – Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre

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class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Início</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Características_principais" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Características_principais"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Características principais</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Características_principais-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Alternar a subsecção Características principais</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Características_principais-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Características_atômicas_e_físicas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Características_atômicas_e_físicas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Características atômicas e físicas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Características_atômicas_e_físicas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Abundância_e_obtenção" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Abundância_e_obtenção"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Abundância e obtenção</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Abundância_e_obtenção-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Alternar a subsecção Abundância e obtenção</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Abundância_e_obtenção-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Biologia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biologia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Biologia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biologia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Terra" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Terra"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Terra</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Terra-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-História" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#História"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>História</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-História-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Produção" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Produção"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Produção</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Produção-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aplicações" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aplicações"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Aplicações</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Aplicações-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Alternar a subsecção Aplicações</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Aplicações-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Aplicações_militares" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aplicações_militares"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Aplicações militares</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aplicações_militares-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cerâmicas_e_vidrarias" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cerâmicas_e_vidrarias"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Cerâmicas e vidrarias</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cerâmicas_e_vidrarias-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Graxas_lubrificadas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Graxas_lubrificadas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Graxas lubrificadas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Graxas_lubrificadas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indústria_Elétrica_e_Eletrônica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indústria_Elétrica_e_Eletrônica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Indústria Elétrica e Eletrônica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indústria_Elétrica_e_Eletrônica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indústria_Nuclear" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indústria_Nuclear"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Indústria Nuclear</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indústria_Nuclear-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medicamentos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medicamentos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Medicamentos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medicamentos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Metalurgia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metalurgia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.7</span> <span>Metalurgia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metalurgia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Purificação_do_ar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Purificação_do_ar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.8</span> <span>Purificação do ar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Purificação_do_ar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Óptica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Óptica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.9</span> <span>Óptica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Óptica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Química_orgânica_e_dos_polímeros" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Química_orgânica_e_dos_polímeros"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.10</span> <span>Química orgânica e dos polímeros</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Química_orgânica_e_dos_polímeros-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Precauções" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Precauções"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Precauções</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Precauções-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Farmacologia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Farmacologia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Farmacologia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Farmacologia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citação_na_arte" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citação_na_arte"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Citação na arte</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citação_na_arte-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ver_também" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ver_também"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Ver também</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ver_também-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Notas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referências" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referências"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Referências</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referências-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ligações_externas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ligações_externas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Ligações externas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ligações_externas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Conteúdo" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alternar o índice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alternar o índice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Lítio</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir para um artigo noutra língua. Disponível em 183 línguas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-183" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">183 línguas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litium" title="Litium — africanês" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Litium" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="africanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%8A%E1%89%B2%E1%8B%A8%E1%88%9D" title="ሊቲየም — amárico" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሊቲየም" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amárico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litio" title="Litio — aragonês" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Litio" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="लिथियम — angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="लिथियम" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo destacado"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="ليثيوم — árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ليثيوم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="ليتيوم — Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="ليتيوم" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AB%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="ليثيوم — Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ليثيوم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="লিথিয়াম — assamês" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="লিথিয়াম" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litiu" title="Litiu — asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Litiu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="लिथियम — awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="लिथियम" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litium" title="Litium — azerbaijano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Litium" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaijano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%85" title="لیتیوم — South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="لیتیوم" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Литий — bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Литий" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litium" title="Litium — balinês" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Litium" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lityo" title="Lityo — Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Lityo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%B9" title="Літый — bielorrusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Літый" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%82" title="Літ — Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Літ" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Литий — búlgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Литий" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="लिथियम — Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="लिथियम" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AE%E1%80%90%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA" title="လီတီယမ် — Pa&#039;O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="လီတီယမ်" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa&#039;O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE" title="লিথিয়াম — bengalês" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="লিথিয়াম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%A1%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%AB%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8D" title="རྡོ་རྫས། — tibetano" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="རྡོ་རྫས།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litiom" title="Litiom — bretão" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Litiom" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litij" title="Litij — bósnio" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Litij" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bósnio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Лити — Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Лити" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liti" title="Liti — catalão" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Liti" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C4%AB_(g%C4%ADng-s%E1%B9%B3%CC%86k)" title="Lī (gĭng-sṳ̆k) — Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Lī (gĭng-sṳ̆k)" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litio" title="Litio — cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Litio" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%B5%E1%8F%98%E1%8E%A5%E1%8E%BB" title="ᎵᏘᎥᎻ — cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎵᏘᎥᎻ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C%DB%86%D9%85" title="لیتیۆم — curdo central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="لیتیۆم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="curdo central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litiu" title="Litiu — córsico" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Litiu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="córsico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium — checo" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Литий — chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Литий" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithiwm" title="Lithiwm — galês" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Lithiwm" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo recomendado"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium — dinamarquês" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dinamarquês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo destacado"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium — alemão" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%AF%CE%B8%CE%B9%CE%BF" title="Λίθιο — grego" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Λίθιο" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo bom"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium — inglês" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litio" title="Litio — esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Litio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litio" title="Litio — espanhol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Litio" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liitium" title="Liitium — estónio" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Liitium" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estónio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litio" title="Litio — basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Litio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%85" title="لیتیوم — persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="لیتیوم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo recomendado"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litium" title="Litium — finlandês" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Litium" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium — feroês" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium — francês" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liitium" title="Liitium — frísio setentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Liitium" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frísio setentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liti" title="Liti — friulano" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Liti" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friulano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litium" title="Litium — frísico ocidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Litium" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frísico ocidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litiam" title="Litiam — irlandês" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Litiam" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8B%B0" title="鋰 — gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="鋰" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litium" title="Litium — gaélico escocês" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Litium" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="gaélico escocês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litio" title="Litio — galego" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Litio" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litio" title="Litio — guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Litio" data-language-autonym="Avañe&#039;ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B2%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%A5%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%AF%E0%AA%AE" title="લિથિયમ — guzerate" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="લિથિયમ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="guzerate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lit%C3%A7hey" title="Litçhey — manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Litçhey" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium — hacá" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hacá" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-haw mw-list-item"><a href="https://haw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Likiuma" title="Likiuma — havaiano" lang="haw" hreflang="haw" data-title="Likiuma" data-language-autonym="Hawaiʻi" data-language-local-name="havaiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hawaiʻi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D" title="ליתיום — hebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ליתיום" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="लिथियम — hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="लिथियम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium — Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litij" title="Litij — croata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Litij" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litium" title="Litium — alto sorábio" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Litium" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="alto sorábio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lity%C3%B2m" title="Lityòm — haitiano" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Lityòm" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo destacado"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADtium" title="Lítium — húngaro" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Lítium" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BC%D5%AB%D5%A9%D5%AB%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Լիթիում — arménio" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Լիթիում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="arménio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%82%D5%AB%D5%A9%D5%AB%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Ղիթիոն — Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Ղիթիոն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium — interlíngua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlíngua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litium" title="Litium — indonésio" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Litium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonésio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litio" title="Litio — ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Litio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lit%C3%ADn" title="Litín — islandês" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Litín" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litio" title="Litio — italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Litio" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo bom"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AA%E3%83%81%E3%82%A6%E3%83%A0" title="リチウム — japonês" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="リチウム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/roksodna" title="roksodna — lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="roksodna" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litiyum" title="Litiyum — javanês" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Litiyum" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ლითიუმი — georgiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ლითიუმი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C9%A9t%C9%A9y%C9%94m" title="Lɩtɩyɔm — Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Lɩtɩyɔm" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium — quicuio" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="quicuio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Литий — cazaque" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Литий" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="cazaque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%85%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%98" title="លីច្យូម — khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="លីច្យូម" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%A5%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%AE%E0%B3%8D" title="ಲಿಥಿಯಮ್ — canarim" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಲಿಥಿಯಮ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="canarim" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A6%AC%ED%8A%AC" title="리튬 — coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="리튬" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%96%D8%AA%DA%BE%D9%90%DB%8C%D9%8E%D9%85" title="لیٖتھِیَم — caxemira" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="لیٖتھِیَم" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="caxemira" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium — kölsch" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="kölsch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%AEty%C3%BBm" title="Lîtyûm — curdo" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Lîtyûm" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="curdo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Литий — komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Литий" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithiom" title="Lithiom — córnico" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Lithiom" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="córnico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Литий — quirguiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Литий" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="quirguiz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium — latim" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latim" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium — luxemburguês" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburguês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium — limburguês" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburguês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Littio" title="Littio — Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Littio" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litie" title="Litie — Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Litie" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litio" title="Litio — lombardo" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Litio" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litu" title="Litu — lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Litu" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%BD%E0%BA%A1" title="ລິທຽມ — laosiano" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ລິທຽມ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laosiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litis" title="Litis — lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Litis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litijs" title="Litijs — letão" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Litijs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Лити — mocsa" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Лити" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="mocsa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liti%C3%B4ma" title="Litiôma — malgaxe" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Litiôma" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaxe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Литиум — macedónio" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Литиум" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedónio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A5%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="ലിഥിയം — malaiala" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ലിഥിയം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malaiala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Лити — mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Лити" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%8A%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%8C%EA%AF%9D" title="ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯝ — manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯂꯤꯊꯤꯌꯝ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="लिथियम — marata" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="लिथियम" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Литий — Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Литий" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litium" title="Litium — malaio" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Litium" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA" title="လီသီယမ် — birmanês" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="လီသီယမ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Литий — erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Литий" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium — baixo-alemão" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="baixo-alemão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="लिथियम — nepalês" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="लिथियम" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="लिथियम — newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="लिथियम" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium_(element)" title="Lithium (element) — neerlandês" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lithium (element)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litium" title="Litium — norueguês nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Litium" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norueguês nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litium" title="Litium — norueguês bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Litium" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norueguês bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liti" title="Liti — occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Liti" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litium" title="Litium — Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Litium" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litiyeemii" title="Litiyeemii — oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Litiyeemii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A5%E0%AC%BF%E0%AD%9F%E0%AC%AE" title="ଲିଥିୟମ — oriá" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଲିଥିୟମ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="oriá" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Литий — ossético" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Литий" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossético" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A5%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%AE" title="ਲਿਥੀਅਮ — panjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਲਿਥੀਅਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium — papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE" title="लिथियम — páli" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="लिथियम" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="páli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lit" title="Lit — polaco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Lit" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litio" title="Litio — Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Litio" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%AA%DA%BE%DB%8C%D9%85" title="لیتھیم — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="لیتھیم" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9B%CE%AF%CE%B8%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BD" title="Λίθιον — Pontic" lang="pnt" hreflang="pnt" data-title="Λίθιον" data-language-autonym="Ποντιακά" data-language-local-name="Pontic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ποντιακά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85" title="ليتيوم — pastó" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ليتيوم" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pastó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lityu" title="Lityu — quíchua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Lityu" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quíchua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litiu" title="Litiu — romeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Litiu" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium — aromeno" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="aromeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Литий — russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Литий" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="लीथियम् — sânscrito" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="लीथियम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sânscrito" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Литиум — sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Литиум" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%A4%E1%B1%AD%E1%B1%9A%E1%B1%A2" title="ᱞᱤᱛᱷᱤᱭᱚᱢ — santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱞᱤᱛᱷᱤᱭᱚᱢ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ACtiu" title="Lìtiu — sardo" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Lìtiu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="sardo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ACtiu" title="Lìtiu — siciliano" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Lìtiu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium — scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%BF%D9%8A%D8%A6%D9%85" title="لٿيئم — sindi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="لٿيئم" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litij" title="Litij — servo-croata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Litij" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="servo-croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alityum" title="Alityum — tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Alityum" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BA%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%8A" title="ලිතියම් — cingalês" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ලිතියම්" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="cingalês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADtium" title="Lítium — eslovaco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Lítium" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litij" title="Litij — esloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Litij" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium — shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liithiyaam" title="Liithiyaam — somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Liithiyaam" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litiumi" title="Litiumi — albanês" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Litiumi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Литијум — sérvio" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Литијум" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sérvio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium — Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litium" title="Litium — sundanês" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Litium" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litium" title="Litium — sueco" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Litium" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithi" title="Lithi — suaíli" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Lithi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suaíli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lit" title="Lit — Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Lit" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="இலித்தியம் — tâmil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இலித்தியம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tâmil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A5%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AF%E0%B0%82" title="లిథియం — telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="లిథియం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Литий — tajique" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Литий" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tajique" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%A1" title="ลิเทียม — tailandês" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ลิเทียม" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tailandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lityo" title="Lityo — tagalo" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Lityo" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lityum" title="Lityum — turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Lityum" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Литий — tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Литий" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithyamu" title="Lithyamu — tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Lithyamu" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D9%89%D8%AA%D9%89%D9%8A" title="لىتىي — uigur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="لىتىي" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%96%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B9" title="Літій — ucraniano" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Літій" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%AA%DA%BE%DB%8C%D9%85" title="لتھیم — urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="لتھیم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litiy" title="Litiy — usbeque" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Litiy" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbeque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litio" title="Litio — Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Litio" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litii" title="Litii — Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Litii" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo bom"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithi" title="Lithi — vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Lithi" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litin" title="Litin — volapuque" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Litin" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="volapuque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litiom" title="Litiom — valão" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Litiom" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lityo" title="Lityo — waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Lityo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%94%82" title="锂 — wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="锂" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Литион — kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Литион" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98%E1%83%97%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98" title="ლითიუმი — Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ლითიუმი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%98%D7%99%D7%95%D7%9D" title="ליטיום — iídiche" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ליטיום" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="iídiche" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADt%C3%AD%E1%BB%8D%CC%80m%C3%B9" title="Lítíọ̀mù — ioruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Lítíọ̀mù" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="ioruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8D%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%A2%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%8E" title="ⴰⵍⵉⵜⵢⵓⵎ — tamazight marroquino padrão" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⴰⵍⵉⵜⵢⵓⵎ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="tamazight marroquino padrão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%94%82" title="锂 — chinês" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="锂" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8B%B0" title="鋰 — Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="鋰" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium" title="Lithium — min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Lithium" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8B%B0" title="鋰 — cantonês" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="鋰" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/UmThanya" title="UmThanya — zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="UmThanya" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q568#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editar hiperligações interlínguas" class="wbc-editpage">Editar hiperligações</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaços nominais"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADtio" title="Ver a página de conteúdo [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artigo</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discuss%C3%A3o:L%C3%ADtio" rel="discussion" title="Discussão sobre o conteúdo da página [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussão</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mudar a variante da língua" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">português</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vistas"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADtio"><span>Ler</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADtio&amp;veaction=edit" title="Editar esta página [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editar</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADtio&amp;action=edit" title="Editar o código-fonte desta página [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editar código-fonte</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADtio&amp;action=history" title="Edições anteriores desta página. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Ver histórico</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Ferramentas de página"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ferramentas" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ferramentas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Ferramentas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">mover para a barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ocultar</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Mais opções" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Operações </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADtio"><span>Ler</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADtio&amp;veaction=edit" title="Editar esta página [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Editar</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADtio&amp;action=edit" title="Editar o código-fonte desta página [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Editar código-fonte</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADtio&amp;action=history"><span>Ver histórico</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Geral </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A1ginas_afluentes/L%C3%ADtio" title="Lista de todas as páginas que contêm hiperligações para esta [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Páginas afluentes</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Altera%C3%A7%C3%B5es_relacionadas/L%C3%ADtio" rel="nofollow" title="Mudanças recentes nas páginas para as quais esta contém hiperligações [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Alterações relacionadas</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Carregar_ficheiro" title="Carregar ficheiros [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Carregar ficheiro</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A1ginas_especiais" title="Lista de páginas especiais [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Páginas especiais</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADtio&amp;oldid=68868780" title="Hiperligação permanente para esta revisão desta página"><span>Hiperligação permanente</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADtio&amp;action=info" title="Mais informações sobre esta página"><span>Informações da página</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Citar&amp;page=L%C3%ADtio&amp;id=68868780&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informação sobre como citar esta página"><span>Citar esta página</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:UrlShortener&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FL%25C3%25ADtio"><span>Obter URL encurtado</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FL%25C3%25ADtio"><span>Descarregar código QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimir/exportar </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Livro&amp;bookcmd=book_creator&amp;referer=L%C3%ADtio"><span>Criar um livro</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=L%C3%ADtio&amp;action=show-download-screen"><span>Descarregar como PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADtio&amp;printable=yes" title="Versão para impressão desta página [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versão para impressão</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Noutros projetos </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Lithium" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q568" title="Hiperligação para o elemento do repositório de dados [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Elemento Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Ferramentas de página"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspeto"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspeto</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">mover para a barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ocultar</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Origem: Wikipédia, a enciclopédia livre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div 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.tmbox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmbox{background-color:#2e2505}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmbox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmbox{background-color:#2e2505}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmbox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.tmbox img{max-width:none!important}</style><table class="box-Mais_notas plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Esta página cita fontes, mas não cobrem todo o conteúdo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">Esta página <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Livro_de_estilo/Cite_as_fontes" title="Wikipédia:Livro de estilo/Cite as fontes">cita fontes</a>, mas que <b><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:V" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipédia:V">não cobrem</a> todo o conteúdo</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Ajude a <a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Livro_de_estilo/Refer%C3%AAncias_e_notas_de_rodap%C3%A9" title="Wikipédia:Livro de estilo/Referências e notas de rodapé">inserir referências</a> (<small><i>Encontre fontes:</i> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikipedialibrary.wmflabs.org/">ABW</a> &#160;&#8226;&#32; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.periodicos.capes.gov.br">CAPES</a> &#160;&#8226;&#32; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&amp;as_epq=L%C3%ADtio">Google</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?hl=pt&amp;tbm=nws&amp;q=L%C3%ADtio&amp;oq=L%C3%ADtio">N</a>&#160;&#8226;&#32;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?&amp;as_brr=0&amp;as_epq=L%C3%ADtio">L</a>&#160;&#8226;&#32;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=pt&amp;q=L%C3%ADtio">A</a>)</span></small>).</span> <small class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">Setembro de 2021</span>)</i></small></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="hatnote"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/20px-Disambig_grey.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/30px-Disambig_grey.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Disambig_grey.svg/40px-Disambig_grey.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="260" data-file-height="200" /></span></span>&#160;<b>Nota:</b> Este artigo é sobre o elemento químico.&#32;Para outros significados, veja <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADtio_(desambigua%C3%A7%C3%A3o)" class="mw-disambig" title="Lítio (desambiguação)">Lítio (desambiguação)</a>.</div> <table class="infobox_v2" cellspacing="7" border="0" style="padding: 0.1em; width:300px;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="5"> <table cellpadding="1" cellspacing="0" style="text-align: center;" width="100%"> <tbody><tr class="topo" style="font-size:150%; background-color:#ff6666;"> <td width="10%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Pix.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ed/Pix.gif" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1" data-file-height="1" /></a></span> </td> <td width="80%" style="color:black;">Lítio </td> <td width="10%"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg/32px-Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg/48px-Stylised_atom_with_three_Bohr_model_orbits_and_stylised_nucleus.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Roentg%C3%AAnio" title="Roentgênio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Copern%C3%ADcio" title="Copernício"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#E8E8E8;"><a href="/wiki/Nip%C3%B3nio" class="mw-redirect" title="Nipónio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#E8E8E8;"><a href="/wiki/Fler%C3%B3vio" title="Fleróvio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#E8E8E8;"><a href="/wiki/Mosc%C3%B3vio" title="Moscóvio"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#E8E8E8;"><a href="/wiki/Liverm%C3%B3rio" title="Livermório"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#fcfecc;"><a href="/wiki/Tenesso" title="Tenesso"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td> <td style="padding:0;width:7px;height:9px;border:none;background-color:#c0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/Ogan%C3%A9sson" class="mw-redirect" title="Oganésson"><span style="float: left; width: 7px; height: 9px; font-size: 9px; line-height: 9px; word-spacing: 3px; cursor: pointer;">&#160;</span></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="height:16px; valign:middle; text-align:center;">↑ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="height:16px; valign:middle; text-align:center;"><b>Li</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="height:16px; valign:middle; text-align:center;">↓ </td></tr> <tr> <td style="height:16px; valign:middle; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B3dio" title="Sódio">Na</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" align="center" style="padding-top:0.5em;"><a href="/wiki/Tabela_peri%C3%B3dica" title="Tabela periódica">Tabela completa</a> • <a href="/wiki/Tabela_peri%C3%B3dica_estendida" title="Tabela periódica estendida">Tabela estendida</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color:#ff6666; text-align: center; padding: 3px; line-height: 15px;">Aparência </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center">branco-prateado<br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Lithium_paraffin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Lithium_paraffin.jpg/250px-Lithium_paraffin.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Lithium_paraffin.jpg/375px-Lithium_paraffin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Lithium_paraffin.jpg/500px-Lithium_paraffin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="333" /></a></span><br /><small>Pedaços de lítio imersos em óleo de parafina para proteger contra a oxidação.</small> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color:#ff6666; text-align: center; padding: 3px; line-height: 15px;">Informações gerais </th></tr> <tr> <td width="60%"><a href="/wiki/Lista_de_elementos_qu%C3%ADmicos" title="Lista de elementos químicos">Nome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lista_de_elementos_qu%C3%ADmicos" title="Lista de elementos químicos">símbolo</a>, <a href="/wiki/N%C3%BAmero_at%C3%B3mico" title="Número atómico">número</a> </td> <td width="40%">Lítio, Li, 3 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9rie_qu%C3%ADmica" title="Série química">Série química</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Metal_alcalino" title="Metal alcalino">metais alcalinos</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Grupo_(qu%C3%ADmica)" title="Grupo (química)">Grupo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Per%C3%ADodo_(qu%C3%ADmica)" title="Período (química)">período</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bloco_da_tabela_peri%C3%B3dica" title="Bloco da tabela periódica">bloco</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Metal_alcalino" title="Metal alcalino">1 (IA)</a>, 2, s </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Densidade" title="Densidade">Densidade</a>, <a href="/wiki/Escala_de_Mohs" title="Escala de Mohs">dureza</a> </td> <td>535 <a href="/wiki/Quilograma_por_metro_c%C3%BAbico" title="Quilograma por metro cúbico">kg/m<sup class="exposant">3</sup></a>, 0,6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Registro_CAS" class="mw-redirect" title="Registro CAS">Número CAS</a> </td> <td>7439-93-2 </td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"> <td><a href="/wiki/N%C3%BAmero_EINECS" title="Número EINECS">Número EINECS</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color:#ff6666; text-align: center; padding: 3px; line-height: 15px;">Propriedade atómicas </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Massa_at%C3%B3mica" title="Massa atómica">Massa atómica</a> </td> <td>6,941(2) <a href="/wiki/Unidade_de_massa_at%C3%B3mica" class="mw-redirect" title="Unidade de massa atómica">u</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Raio_at%C3%B3mico" title="Raio atómico">Raio atómico</a> <small>(calculado)</small> </td> <td>152 <a href="/wiki/Pic%C3%B4metro" class="mw-redirect" title="Picômetro">pm</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Raio_covalente" title="Raio covalente">Raio covalente</a> </td> <td>134 <a href="/wiki/Pic%C3%B4metro" class="mw-redirect" title="Picômetro">pm</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Raio_de_Van_der_Waals" title="Raio de Van der Waals">Raio de Van der Waals</a> </td> <td>182 <a href="/wiki/Pic%C3%B4metro" class="mw-redirect" title="Picômetro">pm</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Configura%C3%A7%C3%A3o_electr%C3%B3nica" class="mw-redirect" title="Configuração electrónica">Configuração electrónica</a> </td> <td>1s<sup>2</sup> 2s<sup>1</sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/El%C3%A9tron" title="Elétron">Elétrons</a> <small>(por <a href="/wiki/N%C3%ADvel_de_energia" title="Nível de energia">nível de energia</a>)</small> </td> <td>2, 1 <small>(<a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Electron_shell_003_Lithium.svg" title="Ficheiro:Electron shell 003 Lithium.svg">ver imagem</a>)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Estado_de_oxida%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Estado de oxidação">Estado(s) de oxidação</a> </td> <td><b>+1</b>, -1 (óxido alcalino forte) </td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"> <td><a href="/wiki/%C3%93xido" title="Óxido">Óxido</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Estrutura_cristalina" title="Estrutura cristalina">Estrutura cristalina</a> </td> <td>cúbico de corpo centrado </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color:#ff6666; text-align: center; padding: 3px; line-height: 15px;">Propriedades físicas </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Estados_f%C3%ADsicos_da_mat%C3%A9ria" class="mw-redirect" title="Estados físicos da matéria">Estado da matéria</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B3lido" title="Sólido">sólido</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ponto_de_fus%C3%A3o" title="Ponto de fusão">Ponto de fusão</a> </td> <td>453&#160;<a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Ponto_de_ebuli%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Ponto de ebulição">Ponto de ebulição</a> </td> <td>1615&#160;<a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Calor_de_fus%C3%A3o" title="Calor de fusão">Entalpia de fusão</a> </td> <td>3 <a href="/wiki/Quilojoule_por_mol" title="Quilojoule por mol">kJ/mol</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Entalpia_de_vaporiza%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Entalpia de vaporização">Entalpia de vaporização</a> </td> <td>145,92 <a href="/wiki/Quilojoule_por_mol" title="Quilojoule por mol">kJ/mol</a> </td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Temperatura_cr%C3%ADtica" title="Temperatura crítica">Temperatura crítica</a> </td> <td>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a> </td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Press%C3%A3o_cr%C3%ADtica" title="Pressão crítica">Pressão crítica</a> </td> <td>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Pascal_(unidade)" title="Pascal (unidade)">Pa</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Volume_molar" title="Volume molar">Volume molar</a> </td> <td>13,02×10<sup>-6</sup> <a href="/wiki/Metro_c%C3%BAbico" title="Metro cúbico">m<sup class="exposant">3</sup></a>/<a href="/wiki/Mol" title="Mol">mol</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Press%C3%A3o_de_vapor" title="Pressão de vapor">Pressão de vapor</a> </td> <td>1,63 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Velocidade_do_som" title="Velocidade do som">Velocidade do som</a> </td> <td>6000 <a href="/wiki/Metro_por_segundo" title="Metro por segundo">m/s</a> a 20 <a href="/wiki/Grau_Celsius" title="Grau Celsius">°C</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Classe_magn%C3%A9tica" class="mw-redirect" title="Classe magnética">Classe magnética</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Paramagnetismo" title="Paramagnetismo">paramagnético</a> </td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Susceptibilidade_magn%C3%A9tica" title="Susceptibilidade magnética">Susceptibilidade magnética</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Permeabilidade_magn%C3%A9tica" title="Permeabilidade magnética">Permeabilidade magnética</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"> <td><a href="/wiki/Temperatura_de_Curie" title="Temperatura de Curie">Temperatura de Curie</a> </td> <td>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">K</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color:#ff6666; text-align: center; padding: 3px; line-height: 15px;">Diversos </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Eletronegatividade" title="Eletronegatividade">Eletronegatividade</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Escala_de_Pauling" title="Escala de Pauling">Pauling</a>)</small> </td> <td>0,98 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Calor_espec%C3%ADfico" title="Calor específico">Calor específico</a> </td> <td>3582 <a href="/wiki/Joule_por_quilograma_por_kelvin" class="mw-redirect" title="Joule por quilograma por kelvin">J/(kg·K)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Condutividade_el%C3%A9trica" title="Condutividade elétrica">Condutividade elétrica</a> </td> <td>10,8×10<sup>6</sup> <a href="/wiki/Siemens_(unidade)" title="Siemens (unidade)">S</a>/m </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Condutividade_t%C3%A9rmica" title="Condutividade térmica">Condutividade térmica</a> </td> <td>84,7 <a href="/wiki/Watt_por_metro_por_kelvin" title="Watt por metro por kelvin">W/(m·K)</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1.º <a href="/wiki/Potencial_de_ioniza%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Potencial de ionização">Potencial de ionização</a> </td> <td>520,2 <a href="/wiki/Quilojoule_por_mol" title="Quilojoule por mol">kJ/mol</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2.º Potencial de ionização </td> <td>7298,1 kJ/mol </td></tr> <tr> <td>3.º Potencial de ionização </td> <td>11815,0 kJ/mol </td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"> <td>4.º Potencial de ionização </td> <td>{{{potencial_ionização4}}} kJ/mol </td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"> <td>5.º Potencial de ionização </td> <td>{{{potencial_ionização5}}} kJ/mol </td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"> <td>6.º Potencial de ionização </td> <td>{{{potencial_ionização6}}} kJ/mol </td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"> <td>7.º Potencial de ionização </td> <td>{{{potencial_ionização7}}} kJ/mol </td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"> <td>8.º Potencial de ionização </td> <td>{{{potencial_ionização8}}} kJ/mol </td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"> <td>9.º Potencial de ionização </td> <td>{{{potencial_ionização9}}} kJ/mol </td></tr> <tr style="display:none;"> <td>10.º Potencial de ionização </td> <td>{{{potencial_ionização10}}} kJ/mol </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="background-color:#ff6666; text-align: center; padding: 3px; line-height: 15px; margin-top:none; margin-left:none; margin-right:none;">Isótopos mais estáveis </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0px"> <table width="100%" rules="all" class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#f2f2f2;"> <td valign="middle" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Is%C3%B3topo" title="Isótopo">iso</a> </td> <td valign="middle" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Abund%C3%A2ncia_natural" title="Abundância natural">AN</a> </td> <td valign="middle" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Meia-vida" title="Meia-vida">Meia-vida</a> </td> <td valign="middle" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Modo_de_decaimento" class="mw-redirect" title="Modo de decaimento">MD</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Energia_de_decaimento" title="Energia de decaimento">Ed</a> </td> <td valign="middle" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Produto_de_decaimento" title="Produto de decaimento">PD</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#f2f2f2;"> <td><a href="/wiki/El%C3%A9tron-volt" title="Elétron-volt">MeV</a> </td></tr> <tr><td><sup>6</sup>Li</td><td>7,5%</td><td colspan="4">estável com 3 <a href="/wiki/N%C3%AAutron" title="Nêutron">neutrões</a></td> </tr> <tr><td><sup>7</sup>Li</td><td>92,5%</td><td colspan="4">estável com 4 <a href="/wiki/N%C3%AAutron" title="Nêutron">neutrões</a></td> </tr> <tr><td><sup>8</sup>Li</td><td><a href="/wiki/Radiois%C3%B3topo_sint%C3%A9tico" title="Radioisótopo sintético">sintético</a></td><td>838 <a href="/wiki/Milissegundo" title="Milissegundo">ms</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Emiss%C3%A3o_beta" title="Emissão beta">ß<sup>-</sup></a></td><td>16,004</td><td><sup>6</sup><a href="/wiki/Ber%C3%ADlio" title="Berílio">Be</a></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; border-top: 2px #ff6666 solid; font-size: 80%;"><i>Unidades do <a href="/wiki/Sistema_Internacional_de_Unidades" title="Sistema Internacional de Unidades">SI</a> &amp; <a href="/wiki/Condi%C3%A7%C3%B5es_Normais_de_Temperatura_e_Press%C3%A3o" class="mw-redirect" title="Condições Normais de Temperatura e Pressão">CNTP</a>, salvo indicação contrária.</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-ver"><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Elemento/infocaixa" class="mw-redirect" title="Predefinição:Elemento/infocaixa"><abbr title="Ver esta predefinição">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-discutir"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Discuss%C3%A3o:Elemento/infocaixa&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Predefinição Discussão:Elemento/infocaixa (página não existe)"><abbr title="Discutir esta predefinição">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-editar"><a class="external text" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Elemento/infocaixa&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Editar esta predefinição">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>O <b>lítio</b> (do <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_grega" title="Língua grega">grego</a> <i>líthos, ou</i>, "pedra", "cálculo" + <a href="/wiki/Sufixo" title="Sufixo">sufixo</a> nominal "io") é um <a href="/wiki/Elemento_(qu%C3%ADmica)" title="Elemento (química)">elemento químico</a> de <a href="/wiki/S%C3%ADmbolo_qu%C3%ADmico" title="Símbolo químico">símbolo</a> <b>Li</b>, <a href="/wiki/N%C3%BAmero_at%C3%B3mico" title="Número atómico">número atômico</a> 3 e <a href="/wiki/Massa_at%C3%B4mica" class="mw-redirect" title="Massa atômica">massa atômica</a> 7, contendo, na sua estrutura, três <a href="/wiki/Pr%C3%B3ton" title="Próton">prótons</a> e três <a href="/wiki/El%C3%A9tron" title="Elétron">elétrons</a>. Na <a href="/wiki/Tabela_peri%C3%B3dica" title="Tabela periódica">tabela periódica</a> dos elementos químicos, pertencente ao grupo (ou família) 1 (anteriormente chamado 1A), dos <a href="/wiki/Metal_alcalino" title="Metal alcalino">elementos alcalinos</a>. Sob <a href="/wiki/Condi%C3%A7%C3%B5es_normais_de_temperatura_e_press%C3%A3o" title="Condições normais de temperatura e pressão">condições normais de temperatura e pressão</a>, é o metal mais leve e menos denso entre os elementos sólidos. Como todos os elementos alcalinos, o lítio tem reatividade e inflamabilidade elevada e, por essa razão, é, geralmente, estocado em <a href="/wiki/%C3%93leo_mineral" title="Óleo mineral">óleo mineral</a>. Quando é usinado, apresenta brilho, porém, em contato com o ar atmosférico ou na água, a superfície é corroída e adquire a cor cinza-prateada<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> e manchas pretas. </p><p>Por causa da sua elevada reatividade, o lítio não é encontrado em seu <a href="/wiki/Estado_nativo" title="Estado nativo">estado nativo</a>, sendo encontrado na maioria das vezes na condição de <a href="/wiki/Composto_qu%C3%ADmico" title="Composto químico">composto químico</a> iônico. O lítio encontra-se em numerosos minerais pegmatitos devido a sua solubilidade iônica e está presente na <a href="/wiki/%C3%81gua_do_mar" title="Água do mar">água marinha</a>, sendo, geralmente, obtido na forma de <a href="/wiki/Salmoura" title="Salmoura">salmoura</a> e nas <a href="/wiki/Argila" title="Argila">argilas</a>. Em escala industrial, o lítio é isolado via eletrólise de uma mistura de <a href="/wiki/Cloreto_de_l%C3%ADtio" title="Cloreto de lítio">cloreto de lítio</a> e <a href="/wiki/Cloreto_de_pot%C3%A1ssio" title="Cloreto de potássio">cloreto de potássio</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Wie_funktioniert_eine_Lithium-Schwefel-Batterie%3F.webm/220px--Wie_funktioniert_eine_Lithium-Schwefel-Batterie%3F.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="41" data-mwtitle="Wie_funktioniert_eine_Lithium-Schwefel-Batterie?.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/Ficheiro:Wie_funktioniert_eine_Lithium-Schwefel-Batterie%3F.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/Wie_funktioniert_eine_Lithium-Schwefel-Batterie%3F.webm/Wie_funktioniert_eine_Lithium-Schwefel-Batterie%3F.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp9, opus&quot;" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/Wie_funktioniert_eine_Lithium-Schwefel-Batterie%3F.webm/Wie_funktioniert_eine_Lithium-Schwefel-Batterie%3F.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp9, opus&quot;" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/Wie_funktioniert_eine_Lithium-Schwefel-Batterie%3F.webm/Wie_funktioniert_eine_Lithium-Schwefel-Batterie%3F.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp9, opus&quot;" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/43/Wie_funktioniert_eine_Lithium-Schwefel-Batterie%3F.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp9, opus&quot;" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/Wie_funktioniert_eine_Lithium-Schwefel-Batterie%3F.webm/Wie_funktioniert_eine_Lithium-Schwefel-Batterie%3F.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp9, opus&quot;" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/Wie_funktioniert_eine_Lithium-Schwefel-Batterie%3F.webm/Wie_funktioniert_eine_Lithium-Schwefel-Batterie%3F.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp9, opus&quot;" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/4/43/Wie_funktioniert_eine_Lithium-Schwefel-Batterie%3F.webm/Wie_funktioniert_eine_Lithium-Schwefel-Batterie%3F.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs=&quot;vp8, vorbis&quot;" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&amp;title=File%3AWie_funktioniert_eine_Lithium-Schwefel-Batterie%3F.webm&amp;lang=de&amp;trackformat=vtt&amp;origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="de" label="Deutsch ‪(de)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&amp;title=File%3AWie_funktioniert_eine_Lithium-Schwefel-Batterie%3F.webm&amp;lang=en&amp;trackformat=vtt&amp;origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&amp;title=File%3AWie_funktioniert_eine_Lithium-Schwefel-Batterie%3F.webm&amp;lang=es&amp;trackformat=vtt&amp;origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="es" label="español ‪(es)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&amp;title=File%3AWie_funktioniert_eine_Lithium-Schwefel-Batterie%3F.webm&amp;lang=fr&amp;trackformat=vtt&amp;origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="fr" label="français ‪(fr)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&amp;title=File%3AWie_funktioniert_eine_Lithium-Schwefel-Batterie%3F.webm&amp;lang=ja&amp;trackformat=vtt&amp;origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="ja" label="日本語 ‪(ja)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></video></span><figcaption>Bateria de lítio</figcaption></figure> <p>O lítio e seus compostos têm diversas aplicações industriais, incluindo <a href="/wiki/Vidro" title="Vidro">vidros</a> e <a href="/wiki/Cer%C3%A2mica" title="Cerâmica">cerâmicas</a> com resistência ao calor, <a href="/wiki/Liga_met%C3%A1lica" title="Liga metálica">ligas</a> com alta <a href="/wiki/For%C3%A7a_espec%C3%ADfica" title="Força específica">força específica</a> resistência-peso utilizadas em <a href="/wiki/Aeronave" title="Aeronave">aeronaves</a> e <a href="/wiki/Pilha_de_l%C3%ADtio" title="Pilha de lítio">baterias de lítio</a> e <a href="/wiki/Bateria_de_i%C3%A3o_l%C3%ADtio" title="Bateria de ião lítio">bateria de íon lítio</a> - mais da metade da produção de lítio é consumida para este fim. Pequenas quantidades de lítio estão presentes em todos os organismos. O elemento possui funções de regulação <a href="/wiki/Sistema_end%C3%B3crino" title="Sistema endócrino">endócrina</a>, sendo sua deficiência ligada à <a href="/wiki/Infertilidade" title="Infertilidade">infertilidade</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Características_principais"><span id="Caracter.C3.ADsticas_principais"></span>Características principais</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADtio&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Editar secção: Características principais" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADtio&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Características principais"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>O lítio é usado na fabricação de baterias, os íons de lítio, ou outras. Tem um grande <a href="/wiki/Potencial_de_redu%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Potencial de redução">poder oxidativo</a>, é facílimo de sofrer <a href="/wiki/Corros%C3%A3o" title="Corrosão">corrosão</a> e possui densidade igual a 0,534 gramas por centímetro cúbico. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Flammenf%C3%A4rbungLi.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flammenf%C3%A4rbungLi.png/180px-Flammenf%C3%A4rbungLi.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="509" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flammenf%C3%A4rbungLi.png/270px-Flammenf%C3%A4rbungLi.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flammenf%C3%A4rbungLi.png/360px-Flammenf%C3%A4rbungLi.png 2x" data-file-width="495" data-file-height="1401" /></a><figcaption>O teste da chama para o lítio</figcaption></figure> <p>É o metal mais leve, com uma <a href="/wiki/Densidade" title="Densidade">densidade</a> aproximadamente a metade da água. Como os demais <a href="/wiki/Metal_alcalino" title="Metal alcalino">metais alcalinos</a>, é <a href="/wiki/Val%C3%AAncia_(qu%C3%ADmica)" title="Valência (química)">monovalente</a> e bastante <a href="/wiki/Reatividade" title="Reatividade">reativo</a>. Por esse motivo, não é encontrado livre na natureza. No <a href="/wiki/Teste_da_chama" title="Teste da chama">teste da chama</a>, torna-se <a href="/wiki/Vermelho" title="Vermelho">vermelho</a>, porém se a <a href="/wiki/Combust%C3%A3o" title="Combustão">combustão</a> ocorrer violentamente, a chama adquire uma coloração branca brilhante. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Características_atômicas_e_físicas"><span id="Caracter.C3.ADsticas_at.C3.B4micas_e_f.C3.ADsicas"></span>Características atômicas e físicas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADtio&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Editar secção: Características atômicas e físicas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADtio&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Características atômicas e físicas"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Assim como os outros <a href="/wiki/Metal_alcalinoterroso" title="Metal alcalinoterroso">metais alcalinos</a>, o lítio tem um único <a href="/wiki/Val%C3%AAncia_(qu%C3%ADmica)" title="Valência (química)">elétron de valência</a>, que facilmente cede para a formação de um <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1tion" title="Cátion">cátion</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-krebs_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-krebs-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> Por causa disso, ele é um bom condutor de energia térmica e de eletricidade. É um elemento químico com elevada reatividade, embora seja o menos reativo se comparado com os outros elementos alcalinos devido à proximidade de seus elétrons de valência do núcleo atômico (permanecendo dois elétrons, estão no 1° orbital e têm baixo potencial de redução, e por isso eles não participam de ligações químicas.) </p><p>Os isótopos estáveis do lítio são dois, Li-6 e Li-7, sendo o segundo o mais <a href="/wiki/Abund%C3%A2ncia_natural" title="Abundância natural">abundante</a> (92,5%). Foram identificados seis <a href="/wiki/Radiois%C3%B3topo" title="Radioisótopo">radioisótopos</a>, sendo os mais estáveis o Li-8 com um <a href="/wiki/Meia-vida" title="Meia-vida">período de semidesintegração</a> de 838 milissegundos e o Li-9 com 178,3 ms de <a href="/wiki/Meia-vida" title="Meia-vida">meia-vida</a>. Os demais isótopos <a href="/wiki/Radioatividade" title="Radioatividade">radioativos</a> possuem meias-vidas menores de 8,5 ms. </p><p>As <a href="/wiki/Massa_at%C3%B4mica" class="mw-redirect" title="Massa atômica">massas atômicas</a> dos isótopos do lítio variam entre 4,027 e 11,0348 <a href="/wiki/Unidade_de_massa_at%C3%B3mica" class="mw-redirect" title="Unidade de massa atómica">u</a> do Li-4 ao do Li-11 respectivamente. O <a href="/wiki/Radioatividade" title="Radioatividade">modo de desintegração</a> principal dos isótopos mais leves que o isótopo estável mais abundante (Li-7) é a <a href="/wiki/Emiss%C3%A3o_prot%C3%B4nica" title="Emissão protônica">emissão protônica</a> (com um caso de <a href="/wiki/Emiss%C3%A3o_alfa" title="Emissão alfa">desintegração alfa</a>) obtendo-se isótopos de <a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9lio" title="Hélio">hélio</a>. </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {}_{3}^{5}{\hbox{Li}}\;\to \;{}_{2}^{4}{\hbox{He}}\;+{}_{1}^{1}{\hbox{p}}\;}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>5</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext>Li</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mo stretchy="false">&#x2192;<!-- → --></mo> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext>He</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mo>+</mo> <msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>1</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext>p</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {}_{3}^{5}{\hbox{Li}}\;\to \;{}_{2}^{4}{\hbox{He}}\;+{}_{1}^{1}{\hbox{p}}\;}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/8a2e26d3fe2d5b3e06cf00d01b4733fe874609fe" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:18.365ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {}_{3}^{5}{\hbox{Li}}\;\to \;{}_{2}^{4}{\hbox{He}}\;+{}_{1}^{1}{\hbox{p}}\;}"></span><sup>+</sup></dd></dl> <p>Enquanto que, nos <a href="/wiki/Is%C3%B3topo" title="Isótopo">isótopos</a> mais pesados, o modo mais habitual é a <a href="/wiki/Emiss%C3%A3o_beta" title="Emissão beta">desintegração beta</a> (com algum caso de <a href="/wiki/Radia%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_neutr%C3%B5es" title="Radiação de neutrões">emissão neutrônica</a>), resultando isótopos de <a href="/wiki/Ber%C3%ADlio" title="Berílio">berílio</a>, também por <a href="/wiki/Captura_eletr%C3%B4nica" title="Captura eletrônica">captura de elétron</a>, como no caso abaixo.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {}_{3}^{7}{\hbox{Li}}\;\to \;{}_{4}^{7}{\hbox{Be}}\;+{\nu }_{e}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>7</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext>Li</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mo stretchy="false">&#x2192;<!-- → --></mo> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>7</mn> </mrow> </msubsup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext>Be</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <mspace width="thickmathspace" /> <mo>+</mo> <msub> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>&#x03BD;<!-- ν --></mi> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mi>e</mi> </mrow> </msub> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {}_{3}^{7}{\hbox{Li}}\;\to \;{}_{4}^{7}{\hbox{Be}}\;+{\nu }_{e}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3aa0306bc9d58c71894263f4f8eb1fea7a7112c8" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:17.423ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {}_{3}^{7}{\hbox{Li}}\;\to \;{}_{4}^{7}{\hbox{Be}}\;+{\nu }_{e}}"></span></dd></dl> <p>O Li-7 é um dos elementos primordiais, produzido por <a href="/wiki/Fus%C3%A3o_nuclear" title="Fusão nuclear">síntese nuclear</a> após o <i><a href="/wiki/Big_bang" class="mw-redirect" title="Big bang">big bang</a></i>. Os isótopos de lítio dividem-se substancialmente numa grande variedade de processos naturais, incluindo a precipitação química na formação de <a href="/wiki/Mineral" title="Mineral">minerais</a>, processos <a href="/wiki/Metabolismo" title="Metabolismo">metabólicos</a>, e na substituição do <a href="/wiki/Magn%C3%A9sio" title="Magnésio">magnésio</a> e <a href="/wiki/Ferro" title="Ferro">ferro</a> em <a href="/wiki/Estrutura_cristalina" title="Estrutura cristalina">redes cristalinas</a> de minerais argilosos em que o Li-6 é preferido ao Li-7. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Abundância_e_obtenção"><span id="Abund.C3.A2ncia_e_obten.C3.A7.C3.A3o"></span>Abundância e obtenção</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADtio&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Editar secção: Abundância e obtenção" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADtio&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Abundância e obtenção"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>O lítio em nosso <a href="/wiki/Sistema_Solar" title="Sistema Solar">sistema solar</a> e em nossa <a href="/wiki/Via_L%C3%A1ctea" title="Via Láctea">galáxia</a> provém de uma explosão <a href="/wiki/Nova" title="Nova">novae clássica</a> de uma <a href="/wiki/An%C3%A3_branca" title="Anã branca">anã branca</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup> Não é tão abundante devido à sua relativa instabilidade nuclear, e controla a tendência dos elementos serem mais abundantes quanto mais leves: o lítio é menos abundante no sistema solar do que 25 dos 32 primeiros elementos da tabela periódica.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup> Usando <a href="/wiki/Aprendizagem_autom%C3%A1tica" class="mw-redirect" title="Aprendizagem automática">aprendizagem automática</a>, os geólogos descobriram que a <a href="/wiki/Salmoura" title="Salmoura">salmoura</a> na <a href="/w/index.php?title=Forma%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Smackover&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Formação Smackover (página não existe)">Formação Smackover</a> do sul do <a href="/wiki/Arkansas" title="Arkansas">Arkansas</a> pode conter entre 5 milhões a 19 milhões de toneladas de lítio. Mesmo 5 milhões de toneladas seriam mais de nove vezes a demanda mundial projetada de lítio para carros elétricos em 2030.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Biologia">Biologia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADtio&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Editar secção: Biologia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADtio&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Biologia"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>O lítio é encontrado em <a href="/wiki/Concentra%C3%A7%C3%A3o_(qu%C3%ADmica)" class="mw-redirect" title="Concentração (química)">traços</a> em diversas plantas, nos <a href="/wiki/Pl%C3%A2ncton" title="Plâncton">plânctons</a> e nos <a href="/wiki/Invertebrados" title="Invertebrados">invertebrados</a> numa concentração de 69 até 5 760 partes por bilhão (ppb). Nos <a href="/wiki/Vertebrados" title="Vertebrados">vertebrados</a>, a concentração é relativamente baixa e, nas <a href="/wiki/Pele" title="Pele">peles</a> de todos os vertebrados e nos fluidos corporais, tem sido encontrado numa concentração de 21 a 763 ppb.<sup id="cite_ref-enc_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-enc-9"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup> Os <a href="/wiki/Biologia_marinha" title="Biologia marinha">organismos marinhos</a> tendem a <a href="/wiki/Bioacumula%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Bioacumulação">bioacumular</a> muito mais do que os animais terrestres.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></a></sup> Não se conhecem quaisquer funções fisiológicas em nenhum destes organismos,<sup id="cite_ref-enc_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-enc-9"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup> porém estudos nutricionais nos animais têm indicado sua importância na saúde, sendo, assim, sugerido que ele seja classificado como um elemento fundamental, com uma <a href="/wiki/Ingest%C3%A3o_di%C3%A1ria_recomendada" title="Ingestão diária recomendada">ingestão diária recomendada</a> de 1&#160;mg/dia.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup> Em 2011, estudos no Japão sugerem que a ocorrência do lítio na água potável pode aumentar a <a href="/wiki/Expectativa_de_vida" class="mw-redirect" title="Expectativa de vida">expectativa de vida</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Terra">Terra</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADtio&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Editar secção: Terra" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADtio&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Terra"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="float:right; margin:5px; text-align:right;"> <caption>Produção de minas de Lítio (2019), reservas e recursos em toneladas de acordo com <a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Geological Survey">USGS</a><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>País </th> <th data-sort-type="number">Produção </th> <th data-sort-type="number">Reservas </th> <th data-sort-type="number">Recursos </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a> </td> <td>6.400 </td> <td>1.700.000 </td> <td>17.000.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Austr%C3%A1lia" title="Austrália">Austrália</a> </td> <td>42.000 </td> <td>2.800.000 </td> <td>6.300.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/23px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/35px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Austria.svg/45px-Flag_of_Austria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/%C3%81ustria" title="Áustria">Áustria</a> </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>75.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Bandera_de_Bolivia_%28Estado%29.svg/22px-Bandera_de_Bolivia_%28Estado%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Bandera_de_Bolivia_%28Estado%29.svg/34px-Bandera_de_Bolivia_%28Estado%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Bandera_de_Bolivia_%28Estado%29.svg/44px-Bandera_de_Bolivia_%28Estado%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1100" data-file-height="750" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Bol%C3%ADvia" title="Bolívia">Bolívia</a> </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>21.000.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/43px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Brasil" title="Brasil">Brasil</a> </td> <td>300 </td> <td>95.000 </td> <td>400.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Canad%C3%A1" title="Canadá">Canadá</a> </td> <td>200 </td> <td>370.000 </td> <td>1.700.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> </td> <td>18.000 </td> <td>8.600.000 </td> <td>8.600.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Czech_Republic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A9quia" title="Chéquia">República Checa</a> </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>1.300.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Republic_of_the_Congo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Congo" class="mw-disambig" title="Congo">Congo</a> </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>3.000.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/23px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/35px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Flag_of_Finland.svg/46px-Flag_of_Finland.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1100" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Finl%C3%A2ndia" title="Finlândia">Finlândia</a> </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>40.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Alemanha" title="Alemanha">Alemanha</a> </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>2.500.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Cazaquist%C3%A3o" title="Cazaquistão">Cazaquistão</a> </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>40.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Mali.svg/45px-Flag_of_Mali.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a> </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>1.000.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Flag_of_Mexico.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="560" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9xico" title="México">México</a> </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>1.700.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Flag_of_Namibia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Namibia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Nam%C3%ADbia" title="Namíbia">Namíbia</a> </td> <td>500 </td> <td>? </td> <td>9.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> </td> <td>7.500 </td> <td>1.000.000 </td> <td>4.500.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/23px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/35px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Peru.svg/45px-Flag_of_Peru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Peru" title="Peru">Peru</a> </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>130.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/23px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/35px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/45px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a> </td> <td>1.200 </td> <td>60.000 </td> <td>250.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/R%C3%BAssia" title="Rússia">Rússia</a> </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>1.000.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Flag_of_Serbia.svg/45px-Flag_of_Serbia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9rvia" title="Sérvia">Sérvia</a> </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>1.000.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Espanha" title="Espanha">Espanha</a> </td> <td>- </td> <td>- </td> <td>300.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Estados_Unidos" title="Estados Unidos">Estados Unidos da América</a> </td> <td>870<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span>[</span>nota 1<span>]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>630.000 </td> <td>6.800.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/23px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/35px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/46px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbábue</a> </td> <td>1.600 </td> <td>230.000 </td> <td>540.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Total mundial</b> </td> <td><b>77.000</b> </td> <td><b>17.000.000</b> </td> <td><b>80.000.000</b> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Ver também: <a href="/wiki/Categoria:Minerais_de_l%C3%ADtio" title="Categoria:Minerais de lítio">Minerais que contém lítio</a></div> <p>Embora o lítio seja, geralmente, encontrado disperso na <a href="/wiki/Planeta_Terra" class="mw-redirect" title="Planeta Terra">Terra</a>, ele não é encontrado em seu <a href="/wiki/Estado_nativo" title="Estado nativo">estado nativo</a> por causa da sua alta reatividade.<sup id="cite_ref-krebs_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-krebs-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> A quantidade total de lítio na hidrografia marinha é muito grande e está estimada em cerca de 230 bilhões de toneladas, onde o elemento está em uma concentração relativamente constante de 0,14 a 0,25 partes por milhão (ppm),<sup id="cite_ref-enc_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-enc-9"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></a></sup> ou 25 micromoles.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span>[</span>15<span>]</span></a></sup> As maiores concentrações de lítio estão nas <a href="/wiki/Fonte_hidrotermal" class="mw-redirect" title="Fonte hidrotermal">fontes hidrotermais</a> com concentração aproximada de 7 ppm.<sup id="cite_ref-enc_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-enc-9"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Estima-se que a <a href="/wiki/Crosta" title="Crosta">crosta</a> <a href="/wiki/Terra" title="Terra">terrestre</a> varia sua concentração de lítio entre 20 a 70 ppm, com a sua maior concentração no <a href="/wiki/Granito" title="Granito">granito</a>. As pegmatitas de granito também fornecem uma grande abundância em minerais que contém lítio, com a <a href="/wiki/Espodumena" title="Espodumena">espodumena</a> e a <a href="/wiki/Petalita" title="Petalita">petalita</a>, sendo o meio de extração comercial mais utilizado. Outro significativo mineral de lítio é a <a href="/wiki/Lepidolita" class="mw-redirect" title="Lepidolita">lepidolita</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span>[</span>16<span>]</span></a></sup> Um novo meio de extração de lítio está nas rochas de hectorita, que é extraído exclusivamente pela Western Lithium Corporation nos Estados Unidos.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span>[</span>17<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>De acordo com o <i>Manual do Lítio e Cálcio na Natureza</i>, "O lítio é um elemento relativamente raro, embora ele seja encontrado em muitas rochas e algumas salmouras, porém sempre em escassas concentrações, do qual somente alguns têm potencial valor comercial. Muitos escasseam em quantidade, e outros em qualidade.".<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span>[</span>18<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="História"><span id="Hist.C3.B3ria"></span>História</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADtio&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Editar secção: História" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADtio&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: História"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Arfwedson_Johan_A.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Arfwedson_Johan_A.jpg/220px-Arfwedson_Johan_A.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Arfwedson_Johan_A.jpg/330px-Arfwedson_Johan_A.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Arfwedson_Johan_A.jpg/440px-Arfwedson_Johan_A.jpg 2x" data-file-width="461" data-file-height="509" /></a><figcaption>Johan August Arfwedson é considerado o descobridor do lítio em 1817</figcaption></figure> <p>A <a href="/wiki/Petalita" title="Petalita">petalita</a> (LiAlSi<sub>4</sub>O<sub>10</sub>) foi descoberta em 1800 pelo político e químico <a href="/wiki/Brasil" title="Brasil">brasileiro</a> <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Bonif%C3%A1cio_de_Andrada_e_Silva" title="José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva">José Bonifácio de Andrada e Silva</a> em uma mina na ilha de <a href="/wiki/Ut%C3%B6" title="Utö">Utö</a>, na <a href="/wiki/Su%C3%A9cia" title="Suécia">Suécia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-mindat_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mindat-20"><span>[</span>19<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-webelementshistory_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-webelementshistory-21"><span>[</span>20<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-discovery_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-discovery-22"><span>[</span>21<span>]</span></a></sup> Porém, a partir de 1817, <a href="/wiki/Johan_August_Arfwedson" title="Johan August Arfwedson">Johan August Arfwedson</a> trabalhando no laboratório de química de <a href="/wiki/J%C3%B6ns_Jacob_Berzelius" title="Jöns Jacob Berzelius">Jöns Jakob Berzelius</a>, <a href="/wiki/Descoberta_dos_elementos_qu%C3%ADmicos" title="Descoberta dos elementos químicos">detectou</a> a presença de um elemento durante a sua análise do mineral de petalita.<sup id="cite_ref-berzelius_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-berzelius-23"><span>[</span>22<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-uwis_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-uwis-24"><span>[</span>23<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-vanderkrogt_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vanderkrogt-25"><span>[</span>24<span>]</span></a></sup> Este elemento formava compostos similares ao do <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B3dio" title="Sódio">sódio</a> e do <a href="/wiki/Pot%C3%A1ssio" title="Potássio">potássio</a>, embora o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carboneto_de_l%C3%ADtio&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Carboneto de lítio (página não existe)">carboneto de lítio</a> e o <a href="/wiki/Hidr%C3%B3xido_de_s%C3%B3dio" title="Hidróxido de sódio">hidróxido de sódio</a> sejam menos solúveis e mais <a href="/wiki/Base_(qu%C3%ADmica)" title="Base (química)">alcalinos</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-compounds_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-compounds-26"><span>[</span>25<span>]</span></a></sup> Berzelius deu o nome ao material alcalino "<i>lithion</i>/<i>lithina</i>", da palavra <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_grega" title="Língua grega">grega</a> <i>λιθoς</i> (<i>lithos</i>, que significa "pedra"), para apresentar sua descoberta como um mineral sólido, como oposição ao potássio, que foi descoberto nas algas e o sódio que foi conhecido parcialmente pela sua grande abundância no sangue animal . Ele nomeou o material exógeno de "<i>lithium</i>".<sup id="cite_ref-krebs_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-krebs-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-webelementshistory_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-webelementshistory-21"><span>[</span>20<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-vanderkrogt_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vanderkrogt-25"><span>[</span>24<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Arfwedson depois demonstrou que este elemento químico estava presente nos minerais <a href="/wiki/Espodumena" title="Espodumena">espodumena</a> e <a href="/wiki/Lepidolite" title="Lepidolite">lepidolita</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-webelementshistory_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-webelementshistory-21"><span>[</span>20<span>]</span></a></sup> Em 1818 <a href="/wiki/Christian_Gmelin" title="Christian Gmelin">Christian G. Gmelin</a> foi o primeiro a observar que os sais de lítio formavam uma coloração vermelho brilhante na chama.<sup id="cite_ref-webelementshistory_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-webelementshistory-21"><span>[</span>20<span>]</span></a></sup> De qualquer maneira, ambos tentavam e falhavam ao isolar o lítio em seu estado puro.<sup id="cite_ref-webelementshistory_21-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-webelementshistory-21"><span>[</span>20<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-vanderkrogt_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vanderkrogt-25"><span>[</span>24<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-eote_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eote-27"><span>[</span>26<span>]</span></a></sup> Em 1821, <a href="/wiki/William_Thomas_Brande" title="William Thomas Brande">W.T. Brande</a> e <i>Sir</i> <a href="/wiki/Humphry_Davy" title="Humphry Davy">Humphry Davy</a> obtiveram o elemento isolado via eletrólise de <a href="/wiki/%C3%93xido_de_l%C3%ADtio" title="Óxido de lítio">óxido de lítio</a>, processo que foi utilizado anteriormente para isolar o potássio e o sódio.<sup id="cite_ref-eote_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-eote-27"><span>[</span>26<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-emsley_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-emsley-28"><span>[</span>27<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span>[</span>28<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span>[</span>29<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span>[</span>30<span>]</span></a></sup> Brande também descreveu bastante os sais de lítio, como o cloreto e, estimou que o óxido de lítio compõe cerca de 55% do metal, e que o peso atômico do lítio seria aproximadamente de 9,8 g/mol (valor atual ~6,94 g/mol).<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span>[</span>31<span>]</span></a></sup> Em 1855, grandes quantidades de lítio foram produzidas a partir da eletrólise de <a href="/wiki/Cloreto_de_l%C3%ADtio" title="Cloreto de lítio">cloreto de lítio</a> por <a href="/wiki/Robert_Bunsen" title="Robert Bunsen">Robert Bunsen</a> e <a href="/wiki/Augustus_Matthiessen" title="Augustus Matthiessen">Augustus Matthiessen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-webelementshistory_21-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-webelementshistory-21"><span>[</span>20<span>]</span></a></sup> A descoberta deu início a produção comercial de lítio em <a href="/wiki/1923" title="1923">1923</a>, iniciada pela empresa <a href="/wiki/Alemanha" title="Alemanha">alemã</a> "Metallgesellschaft AG" que começou a produção a partir dos sais de <a href="/wiki/Cloreto_de_l%C3%ADtio" title="Cloreto de lítio">cloreto de lítio</a> e <a href="/wiki/Cloreto_de_pot%C3%A1ssio" title="Cloreto de potássio">cloreto de potássio</a> fundidos num processo que é utilizado até hoje.<sup id="cite_ref-webelementshistory_21-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-webelementshistory-21"><span>[</span>20<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span>[</span>32<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span>[</span>33<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A produção e a utilização do lítio foram submetidas a drásticas mudanças na história. A primeira aplicação em larga escala foi na produção de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Graxas_de_l%C3%ADtio&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Graxas de lítio (página não existe)">graxas de lítio</a> nos motores de aeronaves e similares na <a href="/wiki/Segunda_Guerra_Mundial" title="Segunda Guerra Mundial">Segunda Guerra Mundial</a>. As graxas de lítio é justificado devido a seu alto <a href="/wiki/Ponto_de_fus%C3%A3o" title="Ponto de fusão">ponto de fusão</a> se comparado com outras graxas alcalinas e por ser menos corrosiva do que as graxas de cálcio. O pequeno mercado dos sabões de lítio e de graxas lubrificantes permanecem pela necessidade das operações de mineração nos Estados Unidos. </p><p>A demanda por lítio aumentou drasticamente durante a <a href="/wiki/Guerra_Fria" title="Guerra Fria">Guerra Fria</a> (1946-1991) com a produção dos <a href="/wiki/Desenho_de_arma_nuclear" title="Desenho de arma nuclear">desenhos de arma nuclear</a>. Tanto o Lítio-6 e o Lítio-7 produzem o trítio quando irradiados por nêutrons e também são utilizados tanto para a obtenção de trítio como também na produção de combustível de sólidos de fusão utilizado dentro das bombas de hidrogênio na forma de deutério de lítio. Os <a href="/wiki/Estados_Unidos" title="Estados Unidos">Estados Unidos</a> vieram a produzir o lítio a partir dos anos de 1950 até meados da década de 1980. No fim, o estoque de lítio foi de aproximadamente de 42 toneladas de hidróxido de lítio.<sup id="cite_ref-USGSCR1994_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USGSCR1994-35"><span>[</span>34<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Este elemento foi utilizado tanto para reduzir a temperatura de fusão do vidro e para melhorar a fundição do óxido de alumínio quando utilizado o processo de Hall-Héroult.<sup id="cite_ref-ciuz2003_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ciuz2003-36"><span>[</span>35<span>]</span></a></sup> Estas aplicações predominavam no mercado de lítio durante meados da década de 1990. Depois do fim da <a href="/wiki/Corrida_nuclear" title="Corrida nuclear">corrida nuclear</a> houve o declínio da demanda e a venda dos estoques no departamento de Energia no mercado aberto reduziram o preço.<sup id="cite_ref-USGSCR1994_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USGSCR1994-35"><span>[</span>34<span>]</span></a></sup> Além disso, várias empresas começaram a extrair lítio das salmouras por ser um método menos custoso do que a extração de minas abertas ou subterrâneas. Essas minas que não eram mais competitivas foram fechadas ou se reestruturaram para a extração de outros materiais, com exceção das minas de pegmatito do qual a mineração é viável. Por exemplo, as minas de Kings Mountain, na Carolina do Norte foram fechadas no início do século XXI. </p><p>A partir do início do século XXI, com o surgimento da demanda das baterias iônicas de lítio, as novas companhias tem expandido a extração de salmoura para atender as indústrias deste setor.<sup id="cite_ref-IMR_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IMR-37"><span>[</span>36<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span>[</span>37<span>]</span></a></sup> Por causa disso, desde 2007, o mercado de lítio tem como seu maior consumidor as indústrias de baterias iônicas de lítio.<sup id="cite_ref-USGSYB1994_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USGSYB1994-39"><span>[</span>38<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Produção"><span id="Produ.C3.A7.C3.A3o"></span>Produção</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADtio&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Editar secção: Produção" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADtio&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Produção"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ficheiro:Lithium_world_production.svg&amp;lang=pt" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Lithium_world_production.svg/langpt-220px-Lithium_world_production.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Lithium_world_production.svg/langpt-330px-Lithium_world_production.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Lithium_world_production.svg/langpt-440px-Lithium_world_production.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="580" /></a><figcaption>Produção mundial de lítio</figcaption></figure> <p>Desde o fim da <a href="/wiki/Segunda_Guerra_Mundial" title="Segunda Guerra Mundial">Segunda Guerra Mundial</a>, a produção de lítio tem aumentado significativamente. O metal é separado de outros elementos nas <a href="/wiki/Rocha_%C3%ADgnea" title="Rocha ígnea">rochas ígneas</a>, tais nas imagens de satélite acima. Os sais de lítio são extraídos das águas de nascentes minerais, nos depósitos e poços de salmoura. Ele é produzido via eletrólise a partir da mistura fundida de 55% de <a href="/wiki/Cloreto_de_l%C3%ADtio" title="Cloreto de lítio">cloreto de lítio</a> e 45% de <a href="/wiki/Cloreto_de_pot%C3%A1ssio" title="Cloreto de potássio">cloreto de potássio</a> sob temperatura de 450 <sup>o</sup>C.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span>[</span>39<span>]</span></a></sup> Em 1998, o preço do lítio chegou a <span style="white-space:nowrap;">95 US$ / kg</span> (ou 43 US$/<a href="/wiki/Libra_(massa)" title="Libra (massa)">libra</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-ober_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ober-41"><span>[</span>40<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As reservas mundiais de lítio encontradas em 2008 foram estimadas em 13 milhões de toneladas pelo <a href="/wiki/Servi%C3%A7o_Geol%C3%B3gico_dos_Estados_Unidos" title="Serviço Geológico dos Estados Unidos">Serviço Geológico dos Estados Unidos</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-minerals.usgs.gov_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-minerals.usgs.gov-42"><span>[</span>41<span>]</span></a></sup> Os depósitos de lítio foram encontrados na América do Sul em toda a extensão da cordilheira dos Andes. O <a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a> é o principal líder na produção de lítio, seguido pela <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>. Ambos os países extraem o lítio nas piscinas de água salgada. Nos Estados Unidos, este elemento químico é extraído das piscinas de água salgada de <a href="/wiki/Nevada" title="Nevada">Nevada</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CRC_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC-43"><span>[</span>42<span>]</span></a></sup> Entretanto, metade das reservas mundiais conhecidas estão armazenadas na <a href="/wiki/Bol%C3%ADvia" title="Bolívia">Bolívia</a>, uma nação situada sobre os declives do leste central dos Andes. Em 2009, a Bolívia foi negociando com as indústrias japonesas, francesas e coreanas para a sua extração.<sup id="cite_ref-romero_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-romero-44"><span>[</span>43<span>]</span></a></sup> De acordo com o Serviço Geológico Norte-Americano, o deserto de <a href="/wiki/Uyuni" title="Uyuni">Uyuni</a> tem 5,4 milhões de toneladas de lítio.<sup id="cite_ref-romero_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-romero-44"><span>[</span>43<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span>[</span>44<span>]</span></a></sup> Uma nova descoberta de depósito de lítio nas Rochas de Springs Uplift, nos Estados Unidos está estimado em 228 mil toneladas. Depósitos adicionais na sua formação poderiam extrapolar a última previsão citada, chegando a 18 milhões de toneladas.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span>[</span>45<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Produção mundial em 2019, em toneladas por ano </caption> <tbody><tr> <td align="right">1.</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/22px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Flag_of_Australia.svg/44px-Flag_of_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="640" /></span></span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Austr%C3%A1lia" title="Austrália">Austrália</a></td> <td align="right">45.000 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">2.</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/22px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/33px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/44px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile">Chile</a></td> <td align="right">19.300 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">3.</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/22px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/33px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/44px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a></td> <td align="right">10.800 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">4.</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/22px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/33px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/44px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a></td> <td align="right">6.300 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">5.</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/22px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Flag_of_Brazil.svg/44px-Flag_of_Brazil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="700" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Brasil" title="Brasil">Brasil</a></td> <td align="right">2.400 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">6.</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/22px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/33px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg/44px-Flag_of_Zimbabwe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></td> <td align="right">1.200 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">7.</td> <td><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="Portugal" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/22px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/33px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Flag_of_Portugal.svg/44px-Flag_of_Portugal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="400" /></span></span>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a></td> <td align="right">900 </td></tr> <tr> <td align="right">8.</td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span>&#160;</span><a href="/wiki/Canad%C3%A1" title="Canadá">Canadá</a></td> <td align="right">200 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Fonte: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2021/mcs2021-lithium.pdf">USGS</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aplicações"><span id="Aplica.C3.A7.C3.B5es"></span>Aplicações</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADtio&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Editar secção: Aplicações" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADtio&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Aplicações"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Global_Lithium_Uses.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Global_Lithium_Uses.svg/220px-Global_Lithium_Uses.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Global_Lithium_Uses.svg/330px-Global_Lithium_Uses.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Global_Lithium_Uses.svg/440px-Global_Lithium_Uses.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="199" data-file-height="188" /></a><figcaption>Participação econômica na extração no mercado de lítio em 2011<sup id="cite_ref-Li-uses-2011_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Li-uses-2011-47"><span>[</span>46<span>]</span></a></sup> <div class="legend" style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;page-break-inside: avoid;break-inside: avoid-column"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.1em; height:1.1em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background: #ef4f30; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;">&#160;</span>&#160;Vidraria e cerâmica (29%)</div> <div class="legend" style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;page-break-inside: avoid;break-inside: avoid-column"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.1em; height:1.1em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background: #f9af20; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;">&#160;</span>&#160;Baterias (27%)</div> <div class="legend" style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;page-break-inside: avoid;break-inside: avoid-column"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.1em; height:1.1em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background: #f2eb23; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;">&#160;</span>&#160;Graxas lubrificantes (12%)</div> <div class="legend" style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;page-break-inside: avoid;break-inside: avoid-column"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.1em; height:1.1em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background: #a5e429; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;">&#160;</span>&#160;Lingotamento contínuo(5%)</div> <div class="legend" style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;page-break-inside: avoid;break-inside: avoid-column"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.1em; height:1.1em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background: #00e8cf; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;">&#160;</span>&#160;Tratamento de ar comprimido (4%)</div> <div class="legend" style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;page-break-inside: avoid;break-inside: avoid-column"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.1em; height:1.1em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background: #103dc9; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;">&#160;</span>&#160;Polímeros (3%)</div> <div class="legend" style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;page-break-inside: avoid;break-inside: avoid-column"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.1em; height:1.1em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background: #a53ae0; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;">&#160;</span>&#160;Produção primária de alumínio (2%)</div> <div class="legend" style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;page-break-inside: avoid;break-inside: avoid-column"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.1em; height:1.1em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background: #e200f4; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;">&#160;</span>&#160;Produção de farmácos (2%)</div> <div class="legend" style="-webkit-column-break-inside: avoid;page-break-inside: avoid;break-inside: avoid-column"><span class="legend-color" style="display:inline-block; width:1.1em; height:1.1em; margin:1px 0; border:1px solid black; background: #da003e; color:black; font-size:100%; text-align:center;">&#160;</span>&#160;Outras utilidades (16%)</div></figcaption></figure> <p>Devido ao seu elevado <a href="/wiki/Calor_espec%C3%ADfico" title="Calor específico">calor específico</a>, o maior de todos os <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B3lido" title="Sólido">sólidos</a>, é usado em aplicações de <a href="/wiki/Transfer%C3%AAncia_de_calor" class="mw-redirect" title="Transferência de calor">transferência de calor</a> e, por causa do seu elevado <a href="/wiki/Potencial_de_redu%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Potencial de redução">potencial eletroquímico</a> é usado como um <a href="/wiki/%C3%82nodo" title="Ânodo">ânodo</a> adequado para as baterias elétricas. Além destes tem outros usos: </p> <ul><li>O <a href="/wiki/Brometo_de_l%C3%ADtio" title="Brometo de lítio">brometo de lítio</a> é utilizado em <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A1quina_t%C3%A9rmica" title="Máquina térmica">bombas de calor</a> de <a href="/wiki/Absor%C3%A7%C3%A3o_(qu%C3%ADmica)" title="Absorção (química)">absorção</a>, dentre outros compostos como o <a href="/wiki/Nitrato_de_l%C3%ADtio" title="Nitrato de lítio">nitrato de lítio</a> (Li<a href="/wiki/Nitrog%C3%AAnio" class="mw-redirect" title="Nitrogênio">N</a>O<sub>3</sub>);</li> <li>O <a href="/wiki/Hidreto_de_alum%C3%ADnio_e_l%C3%ADtio" title="Hidreto de alumínio e lítio">hidreto de alumínio e lítio</a> é um <a href="/wiki/Oxirredu%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Oxirredução">agente redutor</a> empregado na <a href="/wiki/S%C3%ADntese_qu%C3%ADmica" title="Síntese química">síntese</a> de <a href="/wiki/Composto_org%C3%A2nico" title="Composto orgânico">compostos orgânicos</a>;</li> <li>O lítio é um componente comum nas <a href="/wiki/Liga_met%C3%A1lica" title="Liga metálica">ligas metálicas</a> de <a href="/wiki/Alum%C3%ADnio" title="Alumínio">alumínio</a>, <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1dmio" title="Cádmio">cádmio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cobre" title="Cobre">cobre</a> e <a href="/wiki/Mangan%C3%AAs" title="Manganês">manganês</a>, utilizados na construção aeronáutica, e está sendo empregado com êxito na fabricação de <a href="/wiki/Cer%C3%A2mica" title="Cerâmica">cerâmicas</a> e <a href="/wiki/%C3%93ptica" title="Óptica">lentes</a>, como a do <a href="/wiki/Telesc%C3%B3pio" title="Telescópio">telescópio</a> Refletor Hale de 5,0 metros de diâmetro de "Monte Palomar";</li> <li>Também é usado como poderoso analgésico em operações sem risco.<span style="color:gray"><sup>&#91;</sup></span><sup><a href="/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Livro_de_estilo/Cite_as_fontes" title="Wikipédia:Livro de estilo/Cite as fontes"><span title="Esta afirmação precisa de uma referência para confirmá-la desde abril de 2017." style="color:gray"><i>carece&#160;de fontes</i></span></a><span class="printfooter">?</span><span style="color:gray">&#93;</span></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aplicações_militares"><span id="Aplica.C3.A7.C3.B5es_militares"></span>Aplicações militares</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADtio&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9" title="Editar secção: Aplicações militares" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADtio&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Aplicações militares"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>O lítio metálico e as estruturas complexas moleculares de hidretos, como o <a href="/wiki/Hidreto_de_alum%C3%ADnio_e_l%C3%ADtio" title="Hidreto de alumínio e lítio">Li[AlH]<sub>4</sub></a> são utilizados como aditivos energéticos nos <a href="/w/index.php?title=Propelentes_dos_foguetes&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Propelentes dos foguetes (página não existe)">propelentes dos foguetes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-emsley_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-emsley-28"><span>[</span>27<span>]</span></a></sup> O hidreto de alumínio pode ser utilizado também como um <a href="/w/index.php?title=Combust%C3%ADvel_s%C3%B3lido&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Combustível sólido (página não existe)">combustível sólido</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span>[</span>47<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:US_Navy_040626-N-5319A-006_An_Anti-Submarine_Warfare_(ASW)_MK-50_Torpedo_is_launched_from_guided_missile_destroyer_USS_Bulkeley_(DDG_84).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/US_Navy_040626-N-5319A-006_An_Anti-Submarine_Warfare_%28ASW%29_MK-50_Torpedo_is_launched_from_guided_missile_destroyer_USS_Bulkeley_%28DDG_84%29.jpg/220px-US_Navy_040626-N-5319A-006_An_Anti-Submarine_Warfare_%28ASW%29_MK-50_Torpedo_is_launched_from_guided_missile_destroyer_USS_Bulkeley_%28DDG_84%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/US_Navy_040626-N-5319A-006_An_Anti-Submarine_Warfare_%28ASW%29_MK-50_Torpedo_is_launched_from_guided_missile_destroyer_USS_Bulkeley_%28DDG_84%29.jpg/330px-US_Navy_040626-N-5319A-006_An_Anti-Submarine_Warfare_%28ASW%29_MK-50_Torpedo_is_launched_from_guided_missile_destroyer_USS_Bulkeley_%28DDG_84%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/US_Navy_040626-N-5319A-006_An_Anti-Submarine_Warfare_%28ASW%29_MK-50_Torpedo_is_launched_from_guided_missile_destroyer_USS_Bulkeley_%28DDG_84%29.jpg/440px-US_Navy_040626-N-5319A-006_An_Anti-Submarine_Warfare_%28ASW%29_MK-50_Torpedo_is_launched_from_guided_missile_destroyer_USS_Bulkeley_%28DDG_84%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="1960" /></a><figcaption>O lançamento do <a href="/wiki/Torpedo" title="Torpedo">torpedo</a> utiliza lítio como <a href="/wiki/Combust%C3%ADvel" title="Combustível">combustível</a></figcaption></figure> <p>O Torpedo Mark 50 abastece um sistema de propulsão de energia química utilizando um pequeno tanque de gás de <a href="/wiki/Hexafluoreto_de_enxofre" title="Hexafluoreto de enxofre">hexafluoreto de enxofre</a> que é pulverizado sob um bloco de lítio sólido. A reação gera calor que é utilizado para produzir vapor. A pulverização do vapor no torpedo é dada a partir do <a href="/wiki/Ciclo_Rankine" title="Ciclo Rankine">ciclo Rankine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span>[</span>48<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>O <a href="/wiki/Hidreto_de_l%C3%ADtio" title="Hidreto de lítio">hidreto de lítio</a> contém lítio-6 que é utilizado nas <a href="/wiki/Bomba_de_hidrog%C3%A9nio" title="Bomba de hidrogénio">bombas de hidrogênio</a>. Na bomba, ele é utilizado em volta do centro de uma <a href="/wiki/Bomba_nuclear" title="Bomba nuclear">bomba atômica</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span>[</span>49<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cerâmicas_e_vidrarias"><span id="Cer.C3.A2micas_e_vidrarias"></span>Cerâmicas e vidrarias</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADtio&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10" title="Editar secção: Cerâmicas e vidrarias" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADtio&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Cerâmicas e vidrarias"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>O óxido de lítio é um fundente geralmente usado para o processamento do dióxido de silício, reduzindo o ponto de fusão e a viscosidade do material e conduzindo a melhoria de propriedades físicas de cerâmicas, como o baixo <a href="/wiki/Coeficiente_de_expans%C3%A3o_t%C3%A9rmica" title="Coeficiente de expansão térmica">coeficiente de expansão térmica</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span>[</span>50<span>]</span></a></sup> O óxido de lítio é um dos materiais para a fabricação de acessórios de cozinha. Em todo o mundo, esta substância demanda a maior quantidade de lítio.<sup id="cite_ref-Li-uses-2011_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Li-uses-2011-47"><span>[</span>46<span>]</span></a></sup> O <a href="/wiki/Carbonato_de_l%C3%ADtio" title="Carbonato de lítio">carbonato de lítio</a> (Li<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>) é geralmente utilizado para o aquecimento na conversão de óxidos.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span>[</span>51<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Graxas_lubrificadas">Graxas lubrificadas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADtio&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=11" title="Editar secção: Graxas lubrificadas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADtio&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Graxas lubrificadas"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>O 3° maior consumo de lítio estão nas graxas. O hidróxido de lítio é uma <a href="/wiki/Base_(qu%C3%ADmica)" title="Base (química)">base</a> forte e, quando aquecido com uma gordura, produz um <a href="/wiki/Sab%C3%A3o" title="Sabão">sabão</a> que é composto de <a href="/wiki/Estearato_de_l%C3%ADtio" title="Estearato de lítio">estearato de lítio</a>. Este sabão tem a capacidade de engrossar os <a href="/wiki/%C3%93leo" title="Óleo">óleos</a> e, por isso, é um lubrificante muito útil na indústria, em especial sob altas temperaturas.<sup id="cite_ref-CRC_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC-43"><span>[</span>42<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span>[</span>52<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span>[</span>53<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indústria_Elétrica_e_Eletrônica"><span id="Ind.C3.BAstria_El.C3.A9trica_e_Eletr.C3.B4nica"></span>Indústria Elétrica e Eletrônica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADtio&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=12" title="Editar secção: Indústria Elétrica e Eletrônica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADtio&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Indústria Elétrica e Eletrônica"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Battery-lithium-cr2032.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Battery-lithium-cr2032.jpg/220px-Battery-lithium-cr2032.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Battery-lithium-cr2032.jpg/330px-Battery-lithium-cr2032.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Battery-lithium-cr2032.jpg/440px-Battery-lithium-cr2032.jpg 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="594" /></a><figcaption>O Lítio é muito utilizado para a produção de baterias</figcaption></figure> <p>Nos últimos anos do <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_XX" title="Século XX">século XX</a>, por causa de seu alto potencial de eletrodo, o lítio veio a se tornar um componente importante do eletrólito e um dos eletrodos nas baterias. Por causa de sua baixa <a href="/wiki/Massa_at%C3%B4mica" class="mw-redirect" title="Massa atômica">massa atômica</a>, ele tem uma alta carga e uma potência específica. Uma bateria de íons de lítio típica pode gerar aproximadamente 3 volts por célula, comparado com 2,1 volts para a bateria de ácido de chumbo ou 1,5 volts de células de zinco-carbono. As baterias de íons de lítio, que são recarregáveis e têm uma alta densidade energética, não podem ser confundidas com as <a href="/wiki/Pilha_de_l%C3%ADtio" title="Pilha de lítio">pilhas de lítio</a>, que são baterias primárias descartáveis com lítio ou seus compostos com o seu <a href="/wiki/%C3%82nodo" title="Ânodo">ânodo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span>[</span>54<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span>[</span>55<span>]</span></a></sup> Outras baterias recarregáveis que utilizam o lítio incluem a bateria de polímero de lítio, <a href="/wiki/Bateria_Beltway" title="Bateria Beltway">bateria Beltway</a> e as <a href="/wiki/Bateria_de_nanofios" title="Bateria de nanofios">baterias de nanofios</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indústria_Nuclear"><span id="Ind.C3.BAstria_Nuclear"></span>Indústria Nuclear</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADtio&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=13" title="Editar secção: Indústria Nuclear" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADtio&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Indústria Nuclear"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="hatnote"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/26px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/34px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="659" /></span></span>Ver artigo&#32;principal: <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADtio-6" title="Lítio-6">Lítio-6</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Castle_Bravo_Blast.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Castle_Bravo_Blast.jpg/220px-Castle_Bravo_Blast.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Castle_Bravo_Blast.jpg/330px-Castle_Bravo_Blast.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Castle_Bravo_Blast.jpg/440px-Castle_Bravo_Blast.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>O deuterido de lítio foi utilizado como combustível na bomba nuclear de <a href="/wiki/Castle_Bravo" title="Castle Bravo">Castle Bravo</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>O Lítio é um material de fonte para a produção de <a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%ADtio" title="Trítio">trítio</a> e como um absorvedor de nêutrons nas <a href="/wiki/Fus%C3%A3o_nuclear" title="Fusão nuclear">fusões nucleares</a>. O lítio na natureza contém cerca de 7,5% de lítio-6 no qual grandes quantidades de lítio-6 tem sido produzidos pela separação de isótopos para ser aplicadas nas <a href="/wiki/Bomba_nuclear" title="Bomba nuclear">bombas nucleares</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span>[</span>56<span>]</span></a></sup> O Lítio-7 ganhou interesse na produção de fluido refrigerante nos <a href="/wiki/Reator_nuclear" title="Reator nuclear">reatores nucleares</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span>[</span>57<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>O deutério de lítio foi um combustível utilizado nas fusões nucleares das primeiras <a href="/wiki/Bomba_de_hidrog%C3%A9nio" title="Bomba de hidrogénio">bombas de hidrogênio</a>. Quando bombardeados por <a href="/wiki/N%C3%AAutron" title="Nêutron">nêutrons</a>, ambos <sup>6</sup>Li e <sup>7</sup>Li produzem o <a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%ADtio" title="Trítio">trítio</a>. Esta reação, que não era compreendida integralmente quando a primeira bomba de hidrogênio foi testada, foi responsável pelo desenvolvimento do campo de teste nuclear em <a href="/wiki/Castle_Bravo" title="Castle Bravo">Castle Bravo</a>. O trítio se funde com <a href="/wiki/Deut%C3%A9rio" title="Deutério">deutério</a> em uma reação de fusão nuclear que é relativamente fácil de conhecer. Outros detalhes permanecem secretos de Castle Bravo, pois o deutério de lítio-6 aparentemente é utilizado como um dos combustíveis das <a href="/wiki/Bomba_nuclear" title="Bomba nuclear">bombas nucleares</a>, como um material de fusão.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span>[</span>58<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medicamentos">Medicamentos</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADtio&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=14" title="Editar secção: Medicamentos" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADtio&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Medicamentos"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="hatnote"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/17px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/26px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Magnifying_glass_01.svg/34px-Magnifying_glass_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="659" /></span></span>Ver artigo&#32;principal: <a href="/wiki/Sal_de_l%C3%ADtio" title="Sal de lítio">Sal de lítio</a></div> <p>O lítio é utilizado no tratamento do <a href="/wiki/Transtorno_bipolar" title="Transtorno bipolar">transtorno bipolar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-kean_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kean-60"><span>[</span>59<span>]</span></a></sup> Os sais de lítio também podem auxiliar para casos de diagnósticos relacionados como <a href="/wiki/Transtorno_esquizoafetivo" title="Transtorno esquizoafetivo">transtorno esquizoafetivo</a> e <a href="/wiki/Transtorno_depressivo_maior" title="Transtorno depressivo maior">depressão nervosa</a>. A parte ativa destes sais é o íon do lítio Li<sup>+</sup>.<sup id="cite_ref-kean_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kean-60"><span>[</span>59<span>]</span></a></sup> Ele pode aumentar o risco de desenvolvimento da <a href="/wiki/Anomalia_de_Ebstein" title="Anomalia de Ebstein">anomalia de Ebstein</a> em recém-nascidos de mulheres que utilizaram o medicamento durante o primeiro trimestre de gravidez.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid18982835_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid18982835-61"><span>[</span>60<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>O lítio também tem sido pesquisado como uma possibilidade de tratamento de <a href="/wiki/Cefaleia_em_salvas" title="Cefaleia em salvas">cefaleia em salvas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span>[</span>61<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metalurgia">Metalurgia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADtio&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=15" title="Editar secção: Metalurgia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADtio&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Metalurgia"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Quando utilizado como um fundente para a <a href="/wiki/Solda" title="Solda">solda</a> ou para <a href="/wiki/Brasagem" title="Brasagem">brasagem</a>, o lítio metálico promove a fusão dos metais durante o processo e eliminação dos <a href="/wiki/%C3%93xido" title="Óxido">óxidos</a> que se formam pela absorção das impurezas. A qualidade de fundente também é importante para a produção de <a href="/wiki/Cer%C3%A2mica" title="Cerâmica">cerâmicas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Esmalte" title="Esmalte">esmaltes</a>, vidros. <a href="/wiki/Ligas_met%C3%A1licas" class="mw-redirect" title="Ligas metálicas">Ligas metálicas</a> com o alumínio, cádmio, cobre e manganês são utilizadas para a produção de peças de alta performance em aviões.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span>[</span>62<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Purificação_do_ar"><span id="Purifica.C3.A7.C3.A3o_do_ar"></span>Purificação do ar</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADtio&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=16" title="Editar secção: Purificação do ar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADtio&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Purificação do ar"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>O <a href="/wiki/Cloreto_de_l%C3%ADtio" title="Cloreto de lítio">cloreto de lítio</a> e o <a href="/wiki/Brometo_de_l%C3%ADtio" title="Brometo de lítio">brometo de lítio</a> são <a href="/wiki/Higroscopia" title="Higroscopia">hidroscópicos</a> e são utilizados como <a href="/wiki/Dessecante" title="Dessecante">dessecantes</a> nas correntes gasosas.<sup id="cite_ref-CRC_43-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRC-43"><span>[</span>42<span>]</span></a></sup> O <a href="/wiki/Hidr%C3%B3xido_de_l%C3%ADtio" title="Hidróxido de lítio">hidróxido de lítio</a> e o <a href="/wiki/Per%C3%B3xido_de_l%C3%ADtio" title="Peróxido de lítio">peróxido de lítio</a> são os sais mais utilizados nas áreas fechadas, como nas <a href="/wiki/Nave_espacial" title="Nave espacial">naves espaciais</a> e nos <a href="/wiki/Submarino" title="Submarino">submarinos</a> para remover o dióxido de carbono e na purificação de ar, sendo um bom depurante do ar. O hidróxido de lítio absorve <a href="/wiki/Di%C3%B3xido_de_carbono" title="Dióxido de carbono">dióxido de carbono</a> como ar transformando em carbonato de lítio e na combinação de outros hidróxidos alcalinos pelo baixo peso. </p><p>O peróxido de lítio (Li<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) em presença da mistura e não somente reage com o dióxido de carbono para produzir o carbonato de lítio, mas também produz oxigênio.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span>[</span>63<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span>[</span>64<span>]</span></a></sup> A reação é descrita abaixo: </p> <dl><dd>2 Li<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> + 2 CO<sub>2</sub> → 2 Li<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> + O<sub>2</sub>.</dd></dl> <p>Alguns dos compostos mencionados, como também o <a href="/wiki/Perclorato_de_l%C3%ADtio" title="Perclorato de lítio">perclorato de lítio</a> são utilizados na purificação de <a href="/wiki/Oxig%C3%AAnio" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxigênio">oxigênio</a> utilizados nos submarinos. Estas podem também incluir pequenas quantidade de <a href="/wiki/Boro" title="Boro">boro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Magn%C3%A9sio" title="Magnésio">magnésio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alum%C3%ADnio" title="Alumínio">alumínio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sil%C3%ADcio" title="Silício">silício</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tit%C3%A2nio" title="Titânio">titânio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mangan%C3%AAs" title="Manganês">manganês</a> e o <a href="/wiki/Ferro" title="Ferro">ferro</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span>[</span>65<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Óptica"><span id=".C3.93ptica"></span>Óptica</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADtio&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=17" title="Editar secção: Óptica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADtio&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Óptica"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>O <a href="/wiki/Fluoreto_de_l%C3%ADtio" title="Fluoreto de lítio">fluoreto de lítio</a>, que cresce artificialmente como um cristal, é um material limpo e translúcido utilizado pelos técnicos de óptica para transmitir os raios infravermelhos e ultravioletas. Ele tem um dos menores índices de refração e sua eficiência na transmissão dos raios infravermelhos e ultravioletas é maior se comparado com outras substâncias conhecidas.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span>[</span>66<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Química_orgânica_e_dos_polímeros"><span id="Qu.C3.ADmica_org.C3.A2nica_e_dos_pol.C3.ADmeros"></span>Química orgânica e dos polímeros</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADtio&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=18" title="Editar secção: Química orgânica e dos polímeros" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADtio&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Química orgânica e dos polímeros"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Os compostos de organolítio são extensamente utilizados na produção de polímeros e na química fina. Na indústria de polímeros, que domina o consumo do elemento, compostos de alquilas de lítio são <a href="/wiki/Catalisador" title="Catalisador">catalisadores</a>, nos iniciadores de radicais e<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span>[</span>67<span>]</span></a></sup> e na <a href="/wiki/Polimeriza%C3%A7%C3%A3o_ani%C3%B4nica" title="Polimerização aniônica">polimerização aniônica</a> dos grupos funcionais das oleofinas.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span>[</span>68<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span>[</span>69<span>]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span>[</span>70<span>]</span></a></sup> Para a síntese de produtos de alto valor agregado, os compostos organolíticos funcionam como uma base forte e como reagentes para a formação de ligações carbônicas. Os compostos de organolítio são preparados a partir do lítio metálico e haletos de alquila.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span>[</span>71<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Outros compostos de lítio são utilizados como reagentes para produzir compostos orgânicos, incluindo os <a href="/wiki/Hidreto_de_alum%C3%ADnio_e_l%C3%ADtio" title="Hidreto de alumínio e lítio">hidretos de alumínio e lítio</a> (LiAlH<sub>4</sub>) e os hidretos de etil de boro e lítio (LiBH(C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>5</sub>)<sub>3</sub>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Precauções"><span id="Precau.C3.A7.C3.B5es"></span>Precauções</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADtio&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=19" title="Editar secção: Precauções" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADtio&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Precauções"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Como os outros <a href="/wiki/Metal_alcalino" title="Metal alcalino">metais alcalinos</a>, o lítio puro é altamente <a href="/wiki/Combust%C3%A3o" title="Combustão">inflamável</a> e ligeiramente <a href="/wiki/Explosivo" title="Explosivo">explosivo</a> quando exposto ao <a href="/wiki/Ar" title="Ar">ar</a> e, especialmente, à <a href="/wiki/%C3%81gua" title="Água">água</a>. Além disso é <a href="/wiki/Corros%C3%A3o" title="Corrosão">corrosivo</a>, requerendo o emprego de meios adequados de manipulação para evitar o contato com a <a href="/wiki/Pele" title="Pele">pele</a>. Deve-se armazená-lo num <a href="/wiki/Hidrocarboneto" title="Hidrocarboneto">hidrocarboneto</a> líquido inflamável como, por exemplo, a <a href="/wiki/Gasolina" title="Gasolina">gasolina</a>. O lítio é considerado ligeiramente <a href="/wiki/Veneno" title="Veneno">tóxico</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Farmacologia">Farmacologia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADtio&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=20" title="Editar secção: Farmacologia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADtio&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Farmacologia"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Os <a href="/wiki/Sal" title="Sal">sais</a> de lítio têm aprovação para o tratamento de <a href="/wiki/Transtorno_bipolar" title="Transtorno bipolar">transtorno bipolar</a> no Brasil e nos Estados Unidos. Inicialmente classificado como um <a href="/wiki/Antipsic%C3%B3tico" title="Antipsicótico">antipsicótico</a>, o lítio (administrado em forma de <a href="/wiki/Carbonato_de_l%C3%ADtio" title="Carbonato de lítio">carbonato de lítio</a>) é, hoje, utilizado por seus efeitos reguladores de humor, antimaníaco e, secundariamente, <a href="/wiki/Antidepressivo" title="Antidepressivo">antidepressivo</a> (sua eficácia para a depressão unipolar, entretanto, ainda não foi bem estabelecida). Além disso, um estudo indica que doses baixas de lítio, tanto em vermes quanto em humanos, conferem benefícios antienvelhecimento.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span>[</span>72<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Em níveis <a href="/wiki/Soro_(sangue)" title="Soro (sangue)">séricos</a> mais elevados, os íons de lítio são considerados venenosos e requerem atenção clínica imediata. Entre os principais sintomas de contaminação por lítio, listam-se náusea, tontura, enjoos, diarreia e tremores nas mãos. Esses sintomas podem, entretanto, aparecer na faixa terapêutica para transtorno bipolar. Salienta-se, ainda, que a administração prolongada de lítio pode causar danos à <a href="/wiki/Tireoide" class="mw-redirect" title="Tireoide">tireoide</a> e aos <a href="/wiki/Rins" class="mw-redirect" title="Rins">rins</a>, exigindo monitoração periódica por meio de <a href="/wiki/Exame_de_sangue" title="Exame de sangue">exames de sangue</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Citação_na_arte"><span id="Cita.C3.A7.C3.A3o_na_arte"></span>Citação na arte</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADtio&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=21" title="Editar secção: Citação na arte" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADtio&amp;action=edit&amp;section=21" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Citação na arte"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>O título da música <a href="/wiki/Lithium_(can%C3%A7%C3%A3o_de_Nirvana)" title="Lithium (canção de Nirvana)">Lithium</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tradu%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Tradução">traduzido</a> do <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_inglesa" title="Língua inglesa">inglês</a>, "lítio") da banda <a href="/wiki/Nirvana_(banda)" title="Nirvana (banda)">Nirvana</a> era uma referência ao <a href="/wiki/Carbonato_de_l%C3%ADtio" title="Carbonato de lítio">carbonato de lítio</a>, que era usado pelo vocalista <a href="/wiki/Kurt_Cobain" title="Kurt Cobain">Kurt Cobain</a> como estabilizador de humor contra <a href="/wiki/Transtorno_bipolar" title="Transtorno bipolar">transtorno bipolar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span>[</span>73<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ver_também"><span id="Ver_tamb.C3.A9m"></span>Ver também</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADtio&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=22" title="Editar secção: Ver também" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADtio&amp;action=edit&amp;section=22" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Ver também"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bateria_de_i%C3%A3o_l%C3%ADtio" title="Bateria de ião lítio">Bateria de íon de lítio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilha_de_l%C3%ADtio" title="Pilha de lítio">Bateria de lítio</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li></ul> <h2 id="Notas" style="cursor: help;" title="Esta seção foi configurada para não ser editável diretamente. Edite a página toda ou a seção anterior em vez disso.">Notas</h2> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Em 2013</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: lower-alpha;"></div><h2 id="Referências" style="cursor: help;" title="Esta seção foi configurada para não ser editável diretamente. Edite a página toda ou a seção anterior em vez disso."><span id="Refer.C3.AAncias"></span>Referências</h2> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">FERREIRA, A. B. H. <i>Novo Dicionário da Língua Portuguesa</i>. 2ª edição. Rio de Janeiro. Nova Fronteira. 1986. p. 1 040.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Giusti, Cecília F.; Soraya R. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0004-27302012000300001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso&amp;tlng=en">«Endocrine disturbances related to the use of lithium»</a>. <i>Arquivos Brasileiros de Endocrinologia &amp; Metabologia</i>. <b>56</b> (3): 153–158. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0004-2730">0004-2730</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1590%2FS0004-27302012000300001">10.1590/S0004-27302012000300001</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3tio&amp;rft.atitle=Endocrine+disturbances+related+to+the+use+of+lithium&amp;rft.aufirst=Cec%C3lia+F.&amp;rft.aulast=Giusti&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.issn=0004-2730&amp;rft.issue=3&amp;rft.jtitle=Arquivos+Brasileiros+de+Endocrinologia+%26amp%3B+Metabologia&amp;rft.pages=153-158&amp;rft.volume=56&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scielo.br%2Fscielo.php%3Fscript%3Dsci_abstract%26pid%3DS0004-27302012000300001%26lng%3Den%26nrm%3Diso%26tlng%3Den&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1590%2FS0004-27302012000300001&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">A referência emprega parâmetros obsoletos <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">&#124;coautores=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Erros_nas_refer%C3%AAncias#deprecated_params" title="Ajuda:Erros nas referências">ajuda</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170328084915/http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/(SICI)1520-670X(1998)11:2/3%3C251::AID-JTRA15%3E3.0.CO;2-Q/abstract#">«Wiley Online Library: Not Found»</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2F%28sici%291520-670x%281998%2911%3A2%2F3%253c251%3A%3Aaid-jtra15%253e3.0.co%3B2-q%2Fabstract">10.1002/(sici)1520-670x(1998)11:2/3%3c251::aid-jtra15%3e3.0.co&#59;2-q/abstract</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 26 de janeiro de 2016</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/(SICI)1520-670X(1998)11:2/3%253C251::AID-JTRA15%253E3.0.CO;2-Q/abstract">original</a> em 28 de março de 2017</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3tio&amp;rft.atitle=Wiley+Online+Library%3A+Not+Found&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fonlinelibrary.wiley.com%2Fdoi%2F10.1002%2F%28SICI%291520-670X%281998%2911%3A2%2F3%25253C251%3A%3AAID-JTRA15%25253E3.0.CO%3B2-Q%2Fabstract&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F%28sici%291520-670x%281998%2911%3A2%2F3%253c251%3A%3Aaid-jtra15%253e3.0.co%3B2-q%2Fabstract&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-krebs-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-krebs_4-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-krebs_4-1">b</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-krebs_4-2">c</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Krebs, Robert E. (2006). <i>The History and Use of Our Earth's Chemical Elements: A Reference Guide</i>. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0-313-33438-2" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0-313-33438-2">0-313-33438-2</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3tio&amp;rft.aufirst=Robert+E.&amp;rft.aulast=Krebs&amp;rft.btitle=The+History+and+Use+of+Our+Earth%27s+Chemical+Elements%3A+A+Reference+Guide&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=0-313-33438-2&amp;rft.place=Westport%2C+Conn.&amp;rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://library.thinkquest.org/3471/radiation_types.html">Electron Capture of Beryllium-7 - <b>library.thinkquest.org</b></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080209192915/http://library.thinkquest.org/3471/radiation_types.html#">Arquivado em</a> 9 de fevereiro de 2008, no <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. (em inglês)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Starrfield, Sumner; Bose, Maitrayee; Iliadis, Christian; Hix, W. Raphael; Woodward, Charles E.; Wagner, R. Mark (27 de maio de 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/1538-4357/ab8d23">«Carbon–Oxygen Classical Novae Are Galactic 7Li Producers as well as Potential Supernova Ia Progenitors»</a>. <i>The Astrophysical Journal</i>. <b>895</b> (1). 70&#160;páginas. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1538-4357">1538-4357</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.3847%2F1538-4357%2Fab8d23">10.3847/1538-4357/ab8d23</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3tio&amp;rft.atitle=Carbon%93Oxygen+Classical+Novae+Are+Galactic+7Li+Producers+as+well+as+Potential+Supernova+Ia+Progenitors&amp;rft.au=Bose%2C+Maitrayee&amp;rft.au=Hix%2C+W.+Raphael&amp;rft.au=Iliadis%2C+Christian&amp;rft.au=Wagner%2C+R.+Mark&amp;rft.au=Woodward%2C+Charles+E.&amp;rft.aufirst=Sumner&amp;rft.aulast=Starrfield&amp;rft.date=2020-05-27&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.issn=1538-4357&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Astrophysical+Journal&amp;rft.volume=895&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fiopscience.iop.org%2Farticle%2F10.3847%2F1538-4357%2Fab8d23&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3847%2F1538-4357%2Fab8d23&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Gough, Evan (8 de junho de 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.universetoday.com/146396/much-of-the-lithium-here-on-earth-came-from-exploding-white-dwarf-stars/">«Much of the Lithium Here on Earth Came from Exploding White Dwarf Stars»</a>. <i>Universe Today</i> (em inglês)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 8 de junho de 2020</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3tio&amp;rft.atitle=Much+of+the+Lithium+Here+on+Earth+Came+from+Exploding+White+Dwarf+Stars&amp;rft.aufirst=Evan&amp;rft.aulast=Gough&amp;rft.date=2020-06-08&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Universe+Today&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.universetoday.com%2F146396%2Fmuch-of-the-lithium-here-on-earth-came-from-exploding-white-dwarf-stars%2F&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Katherine J. Knierim1 *, Madalyn S. Blondes2 , Andrew Masterson2 , Philip Freeman2 , Bonnie McDevitt2 , Amanda Herzberg2 , Peng Li3 , Ciara Mills3 , Colin Doolan2 , Aaron M. Jubb2 , Scott M. Ausbrooks3 , Jessica Chenault2 (2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.science.org/doi/pdf/10.1126/sciadv.adp8149">«Evaluation of the lithium resource in the Smackover Formation brines of southern Arkansas using machine learning»</a>. Science Advances</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3tio&amp;rft.au=Katherine+J.+Knierim1+%2A%2C+Madalyn+S.+Blondes2+%2C+Andrew+Masterson2+%2C+Philip+Freeman2+%2C+Bonnie+McDevitt2+%2C+Amanda+Herzberg2+%2C+Peng+Li3+%2C+Ciara+Mills3+%2C+Colin+Doolan2+%2C+Aaron+M.+Jubb2+%2C+Scott+M.+Ausbrooks3+%2C+Jessica+Chenault2&amp;rft.btitle=Evaluation+of+the+lithium+resource+in+the+Smackover+Formation+brines+of+southern+Arkansas+using+machine+learning&amp;rft.date=2024&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Science+Advances&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.science.org%2Fdoi%2Fpdf%2F10.1126%2Fsciadv.adp8149&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> !CS1 manut: Nomes múltiplos: lista de autores (<a href="/wiki/Categoria:!CS1_manut:_Nomes_m%C3%BAltiplos:_lista_de_autores" title="Categoria:!CS1 manut: Nomes múltiplos: lista de autores">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-enc-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-enc_9-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-enc_9-1">b</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-enc_9-2">c</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-enc_9-3">d</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.enclabs.com/lithium.html">«Some Facts about Lithium»</a>. ENC Labs<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 15 de outubro de 2010</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3tio&amp;rft.btitle=Some+Facts+about+Lithium&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=ENC+Labs&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.enclabs.com%2Flithium.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Chassard-Bouchaud, C; Galle, P; Escaig, F; Miyawaki, M (1984). «Bioaccumulation of lithium by marine organisms in European, American, and Asian coastal zones: microanalytic study using secondary ion emission». <i>Comptes rendus de l'Academie des sciences. Serie III, Sciences de la vie</i>. <b>299</b> (18): 719–24. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6440674">6440674</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3tio&amp;rft.atitle=Bioaccumulation+of+lithium+by+marine+organisms+in+European%2C+American%2C+and+Asian+coastal+zones%3A+microanalytic+study+using+secondary+ion+emission&amp;rft.au=Escaig%2C+F&amp;rft.au=Galle%2C+P&amp;rft.au=Miyawaki%2C+M&amp;rft.aufirst=C&amp;rft.aulast=Chassard-Bouchaud&amp;rft.date=1984&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.issue=18&amp;rft.jtitle=Comptes+rendus+de+l%27Academie+des+sciences.+Serie+III%2C+Sciences+de+la+vie&amp;rft.pages=719-24&amp;rft.volume=299&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F6440674&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Schrauzer, GN (2002). «Lithium: Occurrence, dietary intakes, nutritional essentiality». <i>Journal of the American College of Nutrition</i>. <b>21</b> (1): 14–21. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11838882">11838882</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1080%2F07315724.2002.10719188">10.1080/07315724.2002.10719188</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3tio&amp;rft.atitle=Lithium%3A+Occurrence%2C+dietary+intakes%2C+nutritional+essentiality&amp;rft.aufirst=GN&amp;rft.aulast=Schrauzer&amp;rft.date=2002&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.issue=1&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+College+of+Nutrition&amp;rft.pages=14-21&amp;rft.volume=21&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F07315724.2002.10719188&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11838882&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Zarse, Kim; Terao, Takeshi; Tian, Jing; Iwata, Noboru; Ishii, Nobuyoshi; Ristow, Michael (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3151375">«Low-dose lithium uptake promotes longevity in humans and metazoans»</a>. <i>European Journal of Nutrition</i>. <b>50</b> (5): 387–9. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a>&#160;<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3151375">3151375</a><span style="margin-left:0.1em"><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Acessível livremente"><img alt="Acessível livremente" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span></span>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21301855">21301855</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fs00394-011-0171-x">10.1007/s00394-011-0171-x</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3tio&amp;rft.atitle=Low-dose+lithium+uptake+promotes+longevity+in+humans+and+metazoans&amp;rft.au=Ishii%2C+Nobuyoshi&amp;rft.au=Iwata%2C+Noboru&amp;rft.au=Ristow%2C+Michael&amp;rft.au=Terao%2C+Takeshi&amp;rft.au=Tian%2C+Jing&amp;rft.aufirst=Kim&amp;rft.aulast=Zarse&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.issue=5&amp;rft.jtitle=European+Journal+of+Nutrition&amp;rft.pages=387-9&amp;rft.volume=50&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3151375&amp;rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3151375&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs00394-011-0171-x&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21301855&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Jaskula, Brian W. (Janeiro de 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/periodicals/mcs2020/mcs2020-lithium.pdf">«Mineral Commodity Summaries 2020»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>U.S. Geological Survey</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 26 de julho de 2020</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3tio&amp;rft.atitle=Mineral+Commodity+Summaries+2020&amp;rft.aufirst=Brian+W.&amp;rft.aulast=Jaskula&amp;rft.date=2020-01&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=U.S.+Geological+Survey&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubs.usgs.gov%2Fperiodicals%2Fmcs2020%2Fmcs2020-lithium.pdf&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090502142924/http://www.ioes.saga-u.ac.jp/ioes-study/li/lithium/occurence.html#">«Lithium Occurrence»</a>. Institute of Ocean Energy, Saga University, Japan<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 13 de março de 2009</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ioes.saga-u.ac.jp/ioes-study/li/lithium/occurence.html">original</a> em 2 de maio de 2009</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3tio&amp;rft.btitle=Lithium+Occurrence&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Institute+of+Ocean+Energy%2C+Saga+University%2C+Japan&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ioes.saga-u.ac.jp%2Fioes-study%2Fli%2Flithium%2Foccurence.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.springerlink.com/content/y621101m3567jku1/">«Extraction of metals from sea water»</a>. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. 1984</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3tio&amp;rft.btitle=Extraction+of+metals+from+sea+water&amp;rft.date=1984&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Springer+Berlin+Heidelberg&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.springerlink.com%2Fcontent%2Fy621101m3567jku1%2F&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Atkins, Peter (2010). <i>Shriver &amp; Atkins' Inorganic Chemistry</i> 5 ed. New York: W. H. Freeman and Company. p.&#160;296. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0199236178" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0199236178">0199236178</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3tio&amp;rft.au=Atkins%2C+Peter&amp;rft.btitle=Shriver+%26+Atkins%27+Inorganic+Chemistry&amp;rft.date=2010&amp;rft.edition=5&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=0199236178&amp;rft.pages=296&amp;rft.place=New+York&amp;rft.pub=W.+H.+Freeman+and+Company&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Moores, S. (junho de 2007). «Between a rock and a salt lake». <i>Industrial Minerals</i>. <b>477</b>: 58</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3tio&amp;rft.atitle=Between+a+rock+and+a+salt+lake&amp;rft.au=Moores%2C+S.&amp;rft.date=2007-06&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Industrial+Minerals&amp;rft.pages=58&amp;rft.volume=477&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Garrett, Donald (2004) <i>Handbook of Lithium and Natural Calcium</i>, Academic Press, cited in <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.meridian-int-res.com/Projects/Lithium_Microscope.pdf">The Trouble with Lithium 2</a></i>, Meridian International Research (2008)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mindat-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-mindat_20-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mindat.org/min-3171.html">«Petalite Mineral Information»</a>. <i>Mindat.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 10 de agosto de 2009</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3tio&amp;rft.atitle=Petalite+Mineral+Information&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Mindat.org&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mindat.org%2Fmin-3171.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-webelementshistory-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-webelementshistory_21-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-webelementshistory_21-1">b</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-webelementshistory_21-2">c</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-webelementshistory_21-3">d</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-webelementshistory_21-4">e</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-webelementshistory_21-5">f</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-webelementshistory_21-6">g</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.webelements.com/lithium/history.html">«Lithium:Historical information»</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 10 de agosto de 2009</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3tio&amp;rft.btitle=Lithium%3AHistorical+information&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.webelements.com%2Flithium%2Fhistory.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-discovery-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-discovery_22-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Weeks, Mary (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=SJIk9BPdNWcC"><i>Discovery of the Elements</i></a>. Whitefish, Montana, United States: Kessinger Publishing. p.&#160;124. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0-7661-3872-0" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0-7661-3872-0">0-7661-3872-0</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 10 de agosto de 2009</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3tio&amp;rft.aufirst=Mary&amp;rft.aulast=Weeks&amp;rft.btitle=Discovery+of+the+Elements&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=0-7661-3872-0&amp;rft.pages=124&amp;rft.place=Whitefish%2C+Montana%2C+United+States&amp;rft.pub=Kessinger+Publishing&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DSJIk9BPdNWcC&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-berzelius-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-berzelius_23-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101007084500/http://www.chemeddl.org/collections/ptl/ptl/chemists/bios/arfwedson.html#">«Johan August Arfwedson»</a>. <i>Periodic Table Live!</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 10 de agosto de 2009</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chemeddl.org/collections/ptl/ptl/chemists/bios/arfwedson.html">original</a> em 7 de outubro de 2010</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3tio&amp;rft.atitle=Johan+August+Arfwedson&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=Periodic+Table+Live%21&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chemeddl.org%2Fcollections%2Fptl%2Fptl%2Fchemists%2Fbios%2Farfwedson.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-uwis-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-uwis_24-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080605152857/http://genchem.chem.wisc.edu/lab/PTL/PTL/BIOS/arfwdson.htm#">«Johan Arfwedson»</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 10 de agosto de 2009</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://genchem.chem.wisc.edu/lab/PTL/PTL/BIOS/arfwdson.htm">original</a> em 5 de junho de 2008</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3tio&amp;rft.btitle=Johan+Arfwedson&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgenchem.chem.wisc.edu%2Flab%2FPTL%2FPTL%2FBIOS%2Farfwdson.htm&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vanderkrogt-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-vanderkrogt_25-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-vanderkrogt_25-1">b</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-vanderkrogt_25-2">c</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">van der Krogt, Peter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://elements.vanderkrogt.net/element.php?sym=Li">«Lithium»</a>. Elementymology &amp; Elements Multidict<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 5 de outubro de 2010</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3tio&amp;rft.aufirst=Peter&amp;rft.aulast=van+der+Krogt&amp;rft.btitle=Lithium&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Elementymology+%26+Elements+Multidict&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Felements.vanderkrogt.net%2Felement.php%3Fsym%3DLi&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-compounds-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-compounds_26-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Clark, Jim (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chemguide.co.uk/inorganic/group1/compounds.html">«Compounds of the Group 1 Elements»</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 10 de agosto de 2009</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3tio&amp;rft.aufirst=Jim&amp;rft.aulast=Clark&amp;rft.btitle=Compounds+of+the+Group+1+Elements&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chemguide.co.uk%2Finorganic%2Fgroup1%2Fcompounds.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-eote-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-eote_27-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-eote_27-1">b</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Enghag, Per (2004). <i>Encyclopedia of the Elements: Technical Data&#160;– History&#160;–Processing&#160;– Applications</i>. [S.l.]: Wiley. pp.&#160;287–300. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-3-527-30666-4" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-3-527-30666-4">978-3-527-30666-4</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3tio&amp;rft.au=Enghag%2C+Per&amp;rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Elements%3A+Technical+Data+%93+History+%93Processing+%93+Applications&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-3-527-30666-4&amp;rft.pages=287-300&amp;rft.pub=Wiley&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-emsley-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-emsley_28-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-emsley_28-1">b</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Emsley, John (2001). <i>Nature's Building Blocks</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0-19-850341-5" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0-19-850341-5">0-19-850341-5</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3tio&amp;rft.aufirst=John&amp;rft.aulast=Emsley&amp;rft.btitle=Nature%27s+Building+Blocks&amp;rft.date=2001&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=0-19-850341-5&amp;rft.place=Oxford&amp;rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Various authors (1818). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=D_4WAAAAYAAJ">«The Quarterly journal of science and the arts»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Royal Institution of Great Britain. <i>The Quarterly Journal of Science and the Arts</i>. <b>5</b>: 338<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 5 de outubro de 2010</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3tio&amp;rft.atitle=The+Quarterly+journal+of+science+and+the+arts&amp;rft.au=Various+authors&amp;rft.date=1818&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=The+Quarterly+Journal+of+Science+and+the+Arts&amp;rft.pages=338&amp;rft.volume=5&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DD_4WAAAAYAAJ&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081205043252/http://www.diracdelta.co.uk/science/source/t/i/timeline/source.html#">«Timeline science and engineering»</a>. DiracDelta Science &amp; Engineering Encyclopedia<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 18 de setembro de 2008</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diracdelta.co.uk/science/source/t/i/timeline/source.html">original</a> em 5 de dezembro de 2008</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3tio&amp;rft.btitle=Timeline+science+and+engineering&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=DiracDelta+Science+%26+Engineering+Encyclopedia&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.diracdelta.co.uk%2Fscience%2Fsource%2Ft%2Fi%2Ftimeline%2Fsource.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Eduardo Motta Alves Peixoto, LÍTIO,&lt;<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://qnesc.sbq.org.br/online/qnesc02/elemento.pdf">http://qnesc.sbq.org.br/online/qnesc02/elemento.pdf</a>&gt;, acessado no dia 04 de maio de 2014</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Brande, William Thomas; MacNeven, William James (1821). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=zkIAAAAAYAAJ"><i>A manual of chemistry</i></a>. [S.l.]: Long. p.&#160;191<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 8 de outubro de 2010</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3tio&amp;rft.au=MacNeven%2C+William+James&amp;rft.aufirst=William+Thomas&amp;rft.aulast=Brande&amp;rft.btitle=A+manual+of+chemistry&amp;rft.date=1821&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.pages=191&amp;rft.pub=Long&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DzkIAAAAAYAAJ&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Green, Thomas (11 de junho de 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.echeat.com/free-essay/Analysis-of-the-Element-Lithium-29195.aspx">«Analysis of the Element Lithium»</a>. echeat</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3tio&amp;rft.aufirst=Thomas&amp;rft.aulast=Green&amp;rft.btitle=Analysis+of+the+Element+Lithium&amp;rft.date=2006-06-11&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=echeat&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.echeat.com%2Ffree-essay%2FAnalysis-of-the-Element-Lithium-29195.aspx&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Garrett, Donald E (5 de abril de 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.de/books?id=Ua2SVcUBHZgC&amp;pg=PA99"><i>Handbook of Lithium and Natural Calcium Chloride</i></a>. [S.l.: s.n.] p.&#160;99. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/9780080472904" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/9780080472904">9780080472904</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3tio&amp;rft.aufirst=Donald+E&amp;rft.aulast=Garrett&amp;rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Lithium+and+Natural+Calcium+Chloride&amp;rft.date=2004-04-05&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=9780080472904&amp;rft.pages=99&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.de%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUa2SVcUBHZgC%26pg%3DPA99&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USGSCR1994-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-USGSCR1994_35-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-USGSCR1994_35-1">b</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Ober, Joyce A. (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/lithium/450494.pdf">«Commodity Report 1994: Lithium»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. United States Geological Survey<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 3 de novembro de 2010</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3tio&amp;rft.aufirst=Joyce+A.&amp;rft.aulast=Ober&amp;rft.btitle=Commodity+Report+1994%3A+Lithium&amp;rft.date=1994&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=United+States+Geological+Survey&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fminerals.usgs.gov%2Fminerals%2Fpubs%2Fcommodity%2Flithium%2F450494.pdf&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ciuz2003-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ciuz2003_36-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Deberitz, Jürgen; Boche, Gernot (2003). «Lithium und seine Verbindungen&#160;– Industrielle, medizinische und wissenschaftliche Bedeutung». <i>Chemie in unserer Zeit</i>. <b>37</b> (4): 258. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1002%2Fciuz.200300264">10.1002/ciuz.200300264</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3tio&amp;rft.atitle=Lithium+und+seine+Verbindungen+%93+Industrielle%2C+medizinische+und+wissenschaftliche+Bedeutung&amp;rft.au=Boche%2C+Gernot&amp;rft.aufirst=J%C3%BCrgen&amp;rft.aulast=Deberitz&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.issue=4&amp;rft.jtitle=Chemie+in+unserer+Zeit&amp;rft.pages=258&amp;rft.volume=37&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2Fciuz.200300264&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-IMR-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-IMR_37-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Kogel, Jessica Elzea (2006). «Lithium». <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=zNicdkuulE4C&amp;pg=PA600&amp;lpg=PAPA599"><i>Industrial minerals &amp; rocks: commodities, markets, and uses</i></a>. Littleton, Colo.: Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration. p.&#160;599. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-0-87335-233-8" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-0-87335-233-8">978-0-87335-233-8</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3tio&amp;rft.atitle=Lithium&amp;rft.aufirst=Jessica+Elzea&amp;rft.aulast=Kogel&amp;rft.btitle=Industrial+minerals+%26+rocks%3A+commodities%2C+markets%2C+and+uses&amp;rft.date=2006&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-87335-233-8&amp;rft.pages=599&amp;rft.place=Littleton%2C+Colo.&amp;rft.pub=Society+for+Mining%2C+Metallurgy%2C+and+Exploration&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3DzNicdkuulE4C%26pg%3DPA600%26lpg%3DPAPA599&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">McKetta, John J. (18 de julho de 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=8erDL_DnsgAC&amp;pg=PA339"><i>Encyclopedia of Chemical Processing and Design: Volume 28&#160;– Lactic Acid to Magnesium Supply-Demand Relationships</i></a>. [S.l.]: M. Dekker. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-0-8247-2478-8" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-0-8247-2478-8">978-0-8247-2478-8</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 29 de setembro de 2010</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3tio&amp;rft.au=McKetta%2C+John+J.&amp;rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Chemical+Processing+and+Design%3A+Volume+28+%93+Lactic+Acid+to+Magnesium+Supply-Demand+Relationships&amp;rft.date=2007-07-18&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-8247-2478-8&amp;rft.pub=M.+Dekker&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8erDL_DnsgAC%26pg%3DPA339&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USGSYB1994-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-USGSYB1994_39-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Ober, Joyce A. (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/lithium/myb1-2007-lithi.pdf">«Minerals Yearbook 2007&#160;: Lithium»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. United States Geological Survey<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 3 de novembro de 2010</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3tio&amp;rft.aufirst=Joyce+A.&amp;rft.aulast=Ober&amp;rft.btitle=Minerals+Yearbook+2007+%3A+Lithium&amp;rft.date=1994&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=United+States+Geological+Survey&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fminerals.usgs.gov%2Fminerals%2Fpubs%2Fcommodity%2Flithium%2Fmyb1-2007-lithi.pdf&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norman_Greenwood&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Norman Greenwood (página não existe)">Greenwood, Norman N.</a>; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). <i>Chemistry of the Elements</i> (em inglês) 2ª ed. [S.l.]: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Butterworth-Heinemann&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Butterworth-Heinemann (página não existe)">Butterworth-Heinemann</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-0-08-037941-8" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-0-08-037941-8">978-0-08-037941-8</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3tio&amp;rft.au=Earnshaw%2C+Alan&amp;rft.aufirst=Norman++N.&amp;rft.aulast=Greenwood&amp;rft.btitle=Chemistry+of+the+Elements&amp;rft.date=1997&amp;rft.edition=2%AA&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-08-037941-8&amp;rft.pub=Butterworth-Heinemann&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ober-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ober_41-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Ober, Joyce A. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/lithium/450798.pdf">«Lithium»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Geological Survey">United States Geological Survey</a>. pp.&#160;77–78<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 19 de agosto de 2007</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3tio&amp;rft.aufirst=Joyce+A&amp;rft.aulast=Ober&amp;rft.btitle=Lithium&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pages=77-78&amp;rft.pub=United+States+Geological+Survey&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fminerals.usgs.gov%2Fminerals%2Fpubs%2Fcommodity%2Flithium%2F450798.pdf&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-minerals.usgs.gov-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-minerals.usgs.gov_42-0">↑</a></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="pt" dir="ltr">Erro de citação: Etiqueta <code>&lt;ref&gt;</code> inválida; não foi fornecido texto para as <i>refs</i> de nome <code>minerals.usgs.gov</code></span></li> <li id="cite_note-CRC-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-CRC_43-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-CRC_43-1">b</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-CRC_43-2">c</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hammond, C. R. (2000). <i>The Elements, in Handbook of Chemistry and Physics 81st edition</i>. [S.l.]: CRC press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0-8493-0481-4" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0-8493-0481-4">0-8493-0481-4</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3tio&amp;rft.au=Hammond%2C+C.+R.&amp;rft.btitle=The+Elements%2C+in+Handbook+of+Chemistry+and+Physics+81st+edition&amp;rft.date=2000&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=0-8493-0481-4&amp;rft.pub=CRC+press&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-romero-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-romero_44-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-romero_44-1">b</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Romero, Simon (2 de fevereiro de 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/03/world/americas/03lithium.html?ref=world">«In Bolivia, a Tight Grip on the Next Big Resource»</a>. <i>New York Times</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3tio&amp;rft.atitle=In+Bolivia%2C+a+Tight+Grip+on+the+Next+Big+Resource&amp;rft.au=Romero%2C+Simon&amp;rft.date=2009-02-02&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F02%2F03%2Fworld%2Famericas%2F03lithium.html%3Fref%3Dworld&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-45">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/mcs/2009/mcs2009.pdf">«USGS Mineral Commodities Summaries 2009»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. USGS</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3tio&amp;rft.btitle=USGS+Mineral+Commodities+Summaries+2009&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=USGS&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fminerals.usgs.gov%2Fminerals%2Fpubs%2Fmcs%2F2009%2Fmcs2009.pdf&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-46">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Money Game Contributors (26 de abril de 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessinsider.com/new-wyoming-lithium-deposit-could-meet-all-us-demand-2013-4">«New Wyoming Lithium Deposit»</a>. Business Insider<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 1 de maio de 2013</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3tio&amp;rft.au=Money+Game+Contributors&amp;rft.btitle=New+Wyoming+Lithium+Deposit&amp;rft.date=2013-04-26&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Business+Insider&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Fnew-wyoming-lithium-deposit-could-meet-all-us-demand-2013-4&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Li-uses-2011-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-Li-uses-2011_47-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-Li-uses-2011_47-1">b</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">USGS (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://minerals.usgs.gov/minerals/pubs/commodity/lithium/mcs-2012-lithi.pdf">«Lithium»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 3 de novembro de 2012</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3tio&amp;rft.atitle=Lithium&amp;rft.au=USGS&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fminerals.usgs.gov%2Fminerals%2Fpubs%2Fcommodity%2Flithium%2Fmcs-2012-lithi.pdf&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-48">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20030628230627/http://media.armadilloaerospace.com/misc/LiAl-Hydride.pdf#">«LiAl-hydride»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 8 de julho de 2014</span>. Arquivado do <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://media.armadilloaerospace.com/misc/LiAl-Hydride.pdf#">original</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> em 28 de junho de 2003</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3tio&amp;rft.btitle=LiAl-hydride&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmedia.armadilloaerospace.com%2Fmisc%2FLiAl-Hydride.pdf%23&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-49">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Hughes, T.G.; Smith, R.B. and Kiely, D.H. (1983). «Stored Chemical Energy Propulsion System for Underwater Applications». <i>Journal of Energy</i>. <b>7</b> (2): 128–133. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2514%2F3.62644">10.2514/3.62644</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3tio&amp;rft.atitle=Stored+Chemical+Energy+Propulsion+System+for+Underwater+Applications&amp;rft.au=Hughes%2C+T.G.%3B+Smith%2C+R.B.+and+Kiely%2C+D.H.&amp;rft.date=1983&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Energy&amp;rft.pages=128-133&amp;rft.volume=7&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2514%2F3.62644&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> !CS1 manut: Nomes múltiplos: lista de autores (<a href="/wiki/Categoria:!CS1_manut:_Nomes_m%C3%BAltiplos:_lista_de_autores" title="Categoria:!CS1 manut: Nomes múltiplos: lista de autores">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-50">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Emsley, John (2011). <i>Nature's Building Blocks</i>. [S.l.: s.n.]</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3tio&amp;rft.aufirst=John&amp;rft.aulast=Emsley&amp;rft.btitle=Nature%27s+Building+Blocks&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-51">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fmclithium.com/Portals/FMCLithiumFineChemicals/Content/Docs/Worldwide%20Demand%20by%20Sector.pdf">Worldwide demand by sector</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-52">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Clark, Jim (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chemguide.co.uk/inorganic/group1/compounds.html">«Some Compounds of the Group 1 Elements»</a>. <i>chemguide.co.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 8 de agosto de 2013</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3tio&amp;rft.atitle=Some+Compounds+of+the+Group+1+Elements&amp;rft.aufirst=Jim&amp;rft.aulast=Clark&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=chemguide.co.uk&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chemguide.co.uk%2Finorganic%2Fgroup1%2Fcompounds.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-53">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Totten, George E.; Westbrook, Steven R. and Shah, Rajesh J. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=J_AkNu-Y1wQC&amp;pg=PA559"><i>Fuels and lubricants handbook: technology, properties, performance, and testing, Volume 1</i></a>. [S.l.]: ASTM International. p.&#160;559. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0-8031-2096-6" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0-8031-2096-6">0-8031-2096-6</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3tio&amp;rft.au=Totten%2C+George+E.%3B+Westbrook%2C+Steven+R.+and+Shah%2C+Rajesh+J.&amp;rft.btitle=Fuels+and+lubricants+handbook%3A+technology%2C+properties%2C+performance%2C+and+testing%2C+Volume+1&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=0-8031-2096-6&amp;rft.pages=559&amp;rft.pub=ASTM+International&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJ_AkNu-Y1wQC%26pg%3DPA559&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> !CS1 manut: Nomes múltiplos: lista de autores (<a href="/wiki/Categoria:!CS1_manut:_Nomes_m%C3%BAltiplos:_lista_de_autores" title="Categoria:!CS1 manut: Nomes múltiplos: lista de autores">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-54">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Rand, Salvatore J. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=3FkMrP4Hlw0C&amp;pg=PA152"><i>Significance of tests for petroleum products</i></a>. [S.l.]: ASTM International. pp.&#160;150–152. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0-8031-2097-4" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0-8031-2097-4">0-8031-2097-4</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3tio&amp;rft.au=Rand%2C+Salvatore+J.&amp;rft.btitle=Significance+of+tests+for+petroleum+products&amp;rft.date=2003&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=0-8031-2097-4&amp;rft.pages=150-152&amp;rft.pub=ASTM+International&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3FkMrP4Hlw0C%26pg%3DPA152&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-55">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.batteryreview.org/disposable-batteries.html">«Disposable Batteries - Choosing between Alkaline and Lithium Disposable Batteries»</a>. Batteryreview.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 10 de outubro de 2013</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3tio&amp;rft.btitle=Disposable+Batteries+-+Choosing+between+Alkaline+and+Lithium+Disposable+Batteries&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Batteryreview.org&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.batteryreview.org%2Fdisposable-batteries.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-56">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.emc2.cornell.edu/content/view/battery-anodes.html">«Battery Anodes &gt; Batteries &amp; Fuel Cells &gt; Research &gt; The Energy Materials Center at Cornell»</a>. Emc2.cornell.edu<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 10 de outubro de 2013</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3tio&amp;rft.btitle=Battery+Anodes+%3E+Batteries+%26+Fuel+Cells+%3E+Research+%3E+The+Energy+Materials+Center+at+Cornell&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Emc2.cornell.edu&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.emc2.cornell.edu%2Fcontent%2Fview%2Fbattery-anodes.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-57">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Makhijani, Arjun and Yih, Katherine (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=0oa1vikB3KwC&amp;pg=PA60"><i>Nuclear Wastelands: A Global Guide to Nuclear Weapons Production and Its Health and Environmental Effects</i></a>. [S.l.]: MIT Press. pp.&#160;59–60. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0-262-63204-7" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0-262-63204-7">0-262-63204-7</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3tio&amp;rft.au=Makhijani%2C+Arjun+and+Yih%2C+Katherine&amp;rft.btitle=Nuclear+Wastelands%3A+A+Global+Guide+to+Nuclear+Weapons+Production+and+Its+Health+and+Environmental+Effects&amp;rft.date=2000&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=0-262-63204-7&amp;rft.pages=59-60&amp;rft.pub=MIT+Press&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0oa1vikB3KwC%26pg%3DPA60&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> !CS1 manut: Nomes múltiplos: lista de autores (<a href="/wiki/Categoria:!CS1_manut:_Nomes_m%C3%BAltiplos:_lista_de_autores" title="Categoria:!CS1 manut: Nomes múltiplos: lista de autores">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-58">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Separations Technology and Transmutation Systems (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=iRI7Cx2D4e4C&amp;pg=PA278"><i>Nuclear wastes: technologies for separations and transmutation</i></a>. [S.l.]: National Academies Press. p.&#160;278. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0-309-05226-2" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0-309-05226-2">0-309-05226-2</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3tio&amp;rft.au=National+Research+Council+%28U.S.%29.+Committee+on+Separations+Technology+and+Transmutation+Systems&amp;rft.btitle=Nuclear+wastes%3A+technologies+for+separations+and+transmutation&amp;rft.date=1996&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=0-309-05226-2&amp;rft.pages=278&amp;rft.pub=National+Academies+Press&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiRI7Cx2D4e4C%26pg%3DPA278&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-59">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Barnaby, Frank (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=yTIOAAAAQAAJ&amp;pg=PA39"><i>How nuclear weapons spread: nuclear-weapon proliferation in the 1990s</i></a>. [S.l.]: Routledge. p.&#160;39. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0-415-07674-9" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0-415-07674-9">0-415-07674-9</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3tio&amp;rft.au=Barnaby%2C+Frank&amp;rft.btitle=How+nuclear+weapons+spread%3A+nuclear-weapon+proliferation+in+the+1990s&amp;rft.date=1993&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=0-415-07674-9&amp;rft.pages=39&amp;rft.pub=Routledge&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyTIOAAAAQAAJ%26pg%3DPA39&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kean-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-kean_60-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-kean_60-1">b</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Kean, Sam (2011). <i>The Disappearing Spoon</i>. [S.l.: s.n.]</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3tio&amp;rft.aufirst=Sam&amp;rft.aulast=Kean&amp;rft.btitle=The+Disappearing+Spoon&amp;rft.date=2011&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pmid18982835-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-pmid18982835_61-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Yacobi S, Ornoy A (2008). «Is lithium a real teratogen? What can we conclude from the prospective versus retrospective studies? A review». <i>Isr J Psychiatry Relat Sci</i>. <b>45</b> (2): 95–106. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a>&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18982835">18982835</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3tio&amp;rft.atitle=Is+lithium+a+real+teratogen%3F+What+can+we+conclude+from+the+prospective+versus+retrospective+studies%3F+A+review&amp;rft.au=Yacobi+S%2C+Ornoy+A&amp;rft.date=2008&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.issue=2&amp;rft.jtitle=Isr+J+Psychiatry+Relat+Sci&amp;rft.pages=95-106&amp;rft.volume=45&amp;rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F18982835&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-62">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Lieb, J; Zeff (1978). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bjp.rcpsych.org/content/133/6/556.abstract">«Lithium treatment of chronic cluster headaches.»</a>. <i>The British Journal of Psychiatry</i> (133): 556–558. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1192%2Fbjp.133.6.556">10.1192/bjp.133.6.556</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 24 de fevereiro de 2014</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3tio&amp;rft.atitle=Lithium+treatment+of+chronic+cluster+headaches.&amp;rft.au=Zeff&amp;rft.aufirst=J&amp;rft.aulast=Lieb&amp;rft.date=1978&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.issue=133&amp;rft.jtitle=The+British+Journal+of+Psychiatry&amp;rft.pages=556-558&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbjp.rcpsych.org%2Fcontent%2F133%2F6%2F556.abstract&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1192%2Fbjp.133.6.556&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-63">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Davis, Joseph R. ASM International. Handbook Committee (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=Lskj5k3PSIcC&amp;pg=PA121"><i>Aluminum and aluminum alloys</i></a>. [S.l.]: ASM International. pp.&#160;121–. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/978-0-87170-496-2" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/978-0-87170-496-2">978-0-87170-496-2</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 16 de maio de 2011</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3tio&amp;rft.au=Davis%2C+Joseph+R.+ASM+International.+Handbook+Committee&amp;rft.btitle=Aluminum+and+aluminum+alloys&amp;rft.date=1993&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=978-0-87170-496-2&amp;rft.pages=121-&amp;rft.pub=ASM+International&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLskj5k3PSIcC%26pg%3DPA121&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-64">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Mulloth, L.M. and Finn, J.E. (2005). «Air Quality Systems for Related Enclosed Spaces: Spacecraft Air». <i>The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry</i>. <b>4H</b>. [S.l.: s.n.] pp.&#160;383–404. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2Fb107253">10.1007/b107253</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3tio&amp;rft.atitle=Air+Quality+Systems+for+Related+Enclosed+Spaces%3A+Spacecraft+Air&amp;rft.au=Mulloth%2C+L.M.+and+Finn%2C+J.E.&amp;rft.btitle=The+Handbook+of+Environmental+Chemistry&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft.genre=bookitem&amp;rft.pages=383-404&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fb107253&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> !CS1 manut: Nomes múltiplos: lista de autores (<a href="/wiki/Categoria:!CS1_manut:_Nomes_m%C3%BAltiplos:_lista_de_autores" title="Categoria:!CS1 manut: Nomes múltiplos: lista de autores">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-65">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2&amp;doc=GetTRDoc.pdf&amp;AD=AD0619497">«Application of lithium chemicals for air regeneration of manned spacecraft»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. Lithium Corporation of America &amp; Aeropspace Medical Research Laboratories. 1965</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3tio&amp;rft.btitle=Application+of+lithium+chemicals+for+air+regeneration+of+manned+spacecraft&amp;rft.date=1965&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Lithium+Corporation+of+America+%26+Aeropspace+Medical+Research+Laboratories&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dtic.mil%2Fcgi-bin%2FGetTRDoc%3FLocation%3DU2%26doc%3DGetTRDoc.pdf%26AD%3DAD0619497&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-66">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/i360012a016">«Lithium Perchlorate Oxygen Candle. Pyrochemical Source of Pure Oxygen - I&amp;EC Product Research and Development (ACS Publications)»</a>. Pubs.acs.org. 1 de maio de 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 10 de outubro de 2013</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3tio&amp;rft.btitle=Lithium+Perchlorate+Oxygen+Candle.+Pyrochemical+Source+of+Pure+Oxygen+-+I%26EC+Product+Research+and+Development+%28ACS+Publications%29&amp;rft.date=2002-05-01&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.pub=Pubs.acs.org&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpubs.acs.org%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1021%2Fi360012a016&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-67">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Hobbs, Philip C. D. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=CQ5uKN_MN2gC&amp;pg=PA149"><i>Building Electro-Optical Systems: Making It All Work</i></a>. [S.l.]: John Wiley and Sons. p.&#160;149. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0-470-40229-6" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0-470-40229-6">0-470-40229-6</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3tio&amp;rft.au=Hobbs%2C+Philip+C.+D.&amp;rft.btitle=Building+Electro-Optical+Systems%3A+Making+It+All+Work&amp;rft.date=2009&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=0-470-40229-6&amp;rft.pages=149&amp;rft.pub=John+Wiley+and+Sons&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCQ5uKN_MN2gC%26pg%3DPA149&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-68">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://chemical.ihs.com/CEH/Public/Reports/681.7000/">«Organometallics»</a>. <i>IHS Chemicals</i>. Fevereiro de 2012</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3tio&amp;rft.atitle=Organometallics&amp;rft.date=2012-02&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.jtitle=IHS+Chemicals&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fchemical.ihs.com%2FCEH%2FPublic%2FReports%2F681.7000%2F&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-69">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Yurkovetskii, A. V.; Kofman, V. L.; Makovetskii, K. L. (2005). «Polymerization of 1,2-dimethylenecyclobutane by organolithium initiators». <i>Russian Chemical Bulletin</i>. <b>37</b> (9): 1782–1784. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1007%2FBF00962487">10.1007/BF00962487</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3tio&amp;rft.atitle=Polymerization+of+1%2C2-dimethylenecyclobutane+by+organolithium+initiators&amp;rft.au=Kofman%2C+V.+L.&amp;rft.au=Makovetskii%2C+K.+L.&amp;rft.au=Yurkovetskii%2C+A.+V.&amp;rft.date=2005&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.issue=9&amp;rft.jtitle=Russian+Chemical+Bulletin&amp;rft.pages=1782-1784&amp;rft.volume=37&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF00962487&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-70">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Quirk, Roderic P.; Cheng, Pao Luo (1986). «Functionalization of polymeric organolithium compounds. Amination of poly(styryl)lithium». <i>Macromolecules</i>. <b>19</b> (5): 1291. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1986MaMol..19.1291Q">1986MaMol..19.1291Q</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1021%2Fma00159a001">10.1021/ma00159a001</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3tio&amp;rft.atitle=Functionalization+of+polymeric+organolithium+compounds.+Amination+of+poly%28styryl%29lithium&amp;rft.au=Cheng%2C+Pao+Luo&amp;rft.au=Quirk%2C+Roderic+P.&amp;rft.date=1986&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.issue=5&amp;rft.jtitle=Macromolecules&amp;rft.pages=1291&amp;rft.volume=19&amp;rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1986MaMol..19.1291Q&amp;rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1021%2Fma00159a001&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-71">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Stone, F. G. A.; West, Robert (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/?id=_gai4kRfcMUC&amp;printsec=frontcover"><i>Advances in organometallic chemistry</i></a>. [S.l.]: Academic Press. p.&#160;55. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0-12-031118-6" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0-12-031118-6">0-12-031118-6</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3tio&amp;rft.au=Stone%2C+F.+G.+A.%3B+West%2C+Robert&amp;rft.btitle=Advances+in+organometallic+chemistry&amp;rft.date=1980&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=0-12-031118-6&amp;rft.pages=55&amp;rft.pub=Academic+Press&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2F%3Fid%3D_gai4kRfcMUC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33"> !CS1 manut: Nomes múltiplos: lista de autores (<a href="/wiki/Categoria:!CS1_manut:_Nomes_m%C3%BAltiplos:_lista_de_autores" title="Categoria:!CS1 manut: Nomes múltiplos: lista de autores">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-72">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Bansal, Raj K. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=_SJ2upYN6DwC&amp;pg=PA192"><i>Synthetic approaches in organic chemistry</i></a>. [S.l.: s.n.] p.&#160;192. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Especial:Fontes_de_livros/0-7637-0665-5" title="Especial:Fontes de livros/0-7637-0665-5">0-7637-0665-5</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3tio&amp;rft.au=Bansal%2C+Raj+K.&amp;rft.btitle=Synthetic+approaches+in+organic+chemistry&amp;rft.date=1996&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.isbn=0-7637-0665-5&amp;rft.pages=192&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_SJ2upYN6DwC%26pg%3DPA192&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-73">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Zarse K, Terao T, Tian J, Iwata N, Ishii N, Ristow M. Low-dose lithium uptake promotes longevity in humans and metazoans. Eur J Nutr. 2011 Aug;50(5):387-9.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-74">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Eleconomista.es</i>. Disponível em <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://listas.eleconomista.es/musica/638-las-10-mejores-canciones-de-nirvana">http://listas.eleconomista.es/musica/638-las-10-mejores-canciones-de-nirvana</a>. Acesso em 14 de setembro de 2016.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ligações_externas"><span id="Liga.C3.A7.C3.B5es_externas"></span>Ligações externas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADtio&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=23" title="Editar secção: Ligações externas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%ADtio&amp;action=edit&amp;section=23" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Ligações externas"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tabelaperiodicacompleta.com/elemento-quimico/litio">Tabela Periódica Completa - Lítio</a></li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://environmentalchemistry.com/yogi/periodic/Li.html">«EnvironmentalChemistry.com - Lithium»</a> (em inglês)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3tio&amp;rft.btitle=EnvironmentalChemistry.com+-+Lithium&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenvironmentalchemistry.com%2Fyogi%2Fperiodic%2FLi.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li> <li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://education.jlab.org/itselemental/ele003.html">«It´s Elemental - Lithium»</a> (em inglês)</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3AL%C3tio&amp;rft.btitle=It%B4s+Elemental+-+Lithium&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feducation.jlab.org%2Fitselemental%2Fele003.html&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;">&#160;</span></span></li></ul> <div class="noprint" style="clear: right; border: solid #aaa 1px; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; font-size: 90%; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f9f9f9); color: inherit; width: 250px; padding: 5px; spacing: 2px; text-align: center; float: right;"> <div style="float: left; vertical-align:middle;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Wikcionário"><img alt="Wikcionário" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Wiktionary-logo.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="370" data-file-height="350" /></span><figcaption>Wikcionário</figcaption></figure></div> <div style="margin-left: 30px; line-height:normal; vertical-align:middle;">O <a href="/wiki/Wikcion%C3%A1rio" title="Wikcionário">Wikcionário</a> tem o verbete <i><b><a href="https://pt.wiktionary.org/wiki/l%C3%ADtio" class="extiw" title="wikt:lítio">lítio</a></b></i>.</div></div> <div class="noprint" style="clear: right; border: solid #aaa 1px; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; font-size: 90%; background: var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f9f9f9); color: inherit; width: 238px; padding: 5px; spacing: 2px; text-align: center; float: right;"> <div style="float: left; vertical-align:middle;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Commons"><img alt="Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/22px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/33px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/44px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption>Commons</figcaption></figure></div> <div style="margin-left: 30px; line-height:normal; vertical-align:middle;">O <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1gina_principal" class="extiw" title="commons:Página principal">Commons</a> possui imagens e outros ficheiros sobre <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=Lithium&amp;uselang=pt">Lítio</a></span></b></div> </div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tabela_periódica" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-ver"><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Tabela_peri%C3%B3dica_compacta" title="Predefinição:Tabela periódica compacta"><abbr title="Ver esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-discutir"><a href="/wiki/Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Discuss%C3%A3o:Tabela_peri%C3%B3dica_compacta" title="Predefinição Discussão:Tabela periódica compacta"><abbr title="Discutir esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">d</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-editar"><a class="external text" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Predefini%C3%A7%C3%A3o:Tabela_peri%C3%B3dica_compacta&amp;action=edit"><abbr title="Editar esta predefinição" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;-moz-box-shadow:none;-webkit-box-shadow:none;box-shadow:none; padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tabela_periódica" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tabela_peri%C3%B3dica" title="Tabela periódica">Tabela periódica</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div id="Lista_de_elementos_químicos"><small><a href="/wiki/Lista_de_elementos_qu%C3%ADmicos" title="Lista de elementos químicos">Lista de elementos químicos</a></small></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <table cellpadding="0" style="table-layout:fixed; width:100%;" aria-describedby="periodic-table-legend"> <tbody><tr> <td style="line-height:100%;"> </td> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Metal_alcalino" title="Metal alcalino">1</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Metal_alcalinoterroso" title="Metal alcalinoterroso">2</a> </th> <td colspan="14"> </td> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Elementos_do_Grupo_3" title="Elementos do Grupo 3">3</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Elementos_do_Grupo_4" title="Elementos do Grupo 4">4</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Elementos_do_Grupo_5" title="Elementos do Grupo 5">5</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Elementos_do_Grupo_6" title="Elementos do Grupo 6">6</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Elementos_do_Grupo_7" title="Elementos do Grupo 7">7</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Elementos_do_Grupo_8" title="Elementos do Grupo 8">8</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Elementos_do_Grupo_9" title="Elementos do Grupo 9">9</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Elementos_do_Grupo_10" title="Elementos do Grupo 10">10</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Elementos_do_Grupo_11" title="Elementos do Grupo 11">11</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Elementos_do_Grupo_12" title="Elementos do Grupo 12">12</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Grupo_do_boro" title="Grupo do boro">13</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Grupo_do_carbono" title="Grupo do carbono">14</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Grupo_do_nitrog%C3%AAnio" title="Grupo do nitrogênio">15</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Calcog%C3%AAnio" title="Calcogênio">16</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Halog%C3%AAnio" title="Halogênio">17</a> </th> <th scope="col" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A1s_nobre" title="Gás nobre">18</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Per%C3%ADodo_1_(qu%C3%ADmica)" title="Período 1 (química)">1</a> </th> <td title="Hidrogénio, 1 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Hidrog%C3%A9nio" title="Hidrogénio"><span style="display:block">H</span></a> </td> <td colspan="30"> </td> <td title="Hélio, 2 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A9lio" title="Hélio"><span style="display:block">He</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Per%C3%ADodo_2_(qu%C3%ADmica)" title="Período 2 (química)">2</a> </th> <td title="Lítio, 3 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:1px solid black; ;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span style="display:block">Li</span></a> </td> <td title="Berílio, 4 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Ber%C3%ADlio" title="Berílio"><span style="display:block">Be</span></a> </td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td title="Boro, 5 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Boro" title="Boro"><span style="display:block">B</span></a> </td> <td title="Carbono, 6 (polyatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#a1ffc3; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Carbono" title="Carbono"><span style="display:block">C</span></a> </td> <td title="Azoto, 7 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Azoto" title="Azoto"><span style="display:block">N</span></a> </td> <td title="Oxigénio, 8 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Oxig%C3%A9nio" title="Oxigénio"><span style="display:block">O</span></a> </td> <td title="Flúor, 9 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Fl%C3%BAor" title="Flúor"><span style="display:block">F</span></a> </td> <td title="Néon, 10 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A9on" title="Néon"><span style="display:block">Ne</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%ADodo_3_(qu%C3%ADmica)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Período 3 (química) (página não existe)">3</a> </th> <td title="Sódio, 11 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/S%C3%B3dio" title="Sódio"><span style="display:block">Na</span></a> </td> <td title="Magnésio, 12 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Magn%C3%A9sio" title="Magnésio"><span style="display:block">Mg</span></a> </td> <td colspan="24"> </td> <td title="Alumínio, 13 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Alum%C3%ADnio" title="Alumínio"><span style="display:block">Al</span></a> </td> <td title="Silício, 14 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Sil%C3%ADcio" title="Silício"><span style="display:block">Si</span></a> </td> <td title="Fósforo, 15 (polyatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#a1ffc3; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%B3sforo" title="Fósforo"><span style="display:block">P</span></a> </td> <td title="Enxofre, 16 (polyatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#a1ffc3; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Enxofre" title="Enxofre"><span style="display:block">S</span></a> </td> <td title="Cloro, 17 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Cloro" title="Cloro"><span style="display:block">Cl</span></a> </td> <td title="Árgon, 18 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%81rgon" title="Árgon"><span style="display:block">Ar</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%ADodo_4_(qu%C3%ADmica)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Período 4 (química) (página não existe)">4</a> </th> <td title="Potássio, 19 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Pot%C3%A1ssio" title="Potássio"><span style="display:block">K</span></a> </td> <td title="Cálcio, 20 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1lcio" title="Cálcio"><span style="display:block">Ca</span></a> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td title="Escândio, 21 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Esc%C3%A2ndio" title="Escândio"><span style="display:block">Sc</span></a> </td> <td title="Titânio, 22 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tit%C3%A2nio" title="Titânio"><span style="display:block">Ti</span></a> </td> <td title="Vanádio, 23 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Van%C3%A1dio" title="Vanádio"><span style="display:block">V</span></a> </td> <td title="Crômio, 24 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%B4mio" class="mw-redirect" title="Crômio"><span style="display:block">Cr</span></a> </td> <td title="Manganês, 25 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Mangan%C3%AAs" title="Manganês"><span style="display:block">Mn</span></a> </td> <td title="Ferro, 26 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Ferro" title="Ferro"><span style="display:block">Fe</span></a> </td> <td title="Cobalto, 27 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Cobalto" title="Cobalto"><span style="display:block">Co</span></a> </td> <td title="Níquel, 28 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%ADquel" title="Níquel"><span style="display:block">Ni</span></a> </td> <td title="Cobre, 29 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Cobre" title="Cobre"><span style="display:block">Cu</span></a> </td> <td title="Zinco, 30 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Zinco" title="Zinco"><span style="display:block">Zn</span></a> </td> <td title="Gálio, 31 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A1lio" title="Gálio"><span style="display:block">Ga</span></a> </td> <td title="Germânio, 32 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Germ%C3%A2nio" title="Germânio"><span style="display:block">Ge</span></a> </td> <td title="Arsênio, 33 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Ars%C3%AAnio" title="Arsênio"><span style="display:block">As</span></a> </td> <td title="Selênio, 34 (polyatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#a1ffc3; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Sel%C3%AAnio" title="Selênio"><span style="display:block">Se</span></a> </td> <td title="Bromo, 35 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Bromo" title="Bromo"><span style="display:block">Br</span></a> </td> <td title="Crípton, 36 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Cr%C3%ADpton" title="Crípton"><span style="display:block">Kr</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%ADodo_5_(qu%C3%ADmica)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Período 5 (química) (página não existe)">5</a> </th> <td title="Rubídio, 37 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rub%C3%ADdio" title="Rubídio"><span style="display:block">Rb</span></a> </td> <td title="Estrôncio, 38 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Estr%C3%B4ncio" title="Estrôncio"><span style="display:block">Sr</span></a> </td> <td colspan="14"> </td> <td title="Ítrio, 39 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dtrio" title="Ítrio"><span style="display:block">Y</span></a> </td> <td title="Zircônio, 40 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Zirc%C3%B4nio" title="Zircônio"><span style="display:block">Zr</span></a> </td> <td title="Nióbio, 41 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Ni%C3%B3bio" title="Nióbio"><span style="display:block">Nb</span></a> </td> <td title="Molibdênio, 42 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Molibd%C3%AAnio" title="Molibdênio"><span style="display:block">Mo</span></a> </td> <td title="Tecnécio, 43 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tecn%C3%A9cio" title="Tecnécio"><span style="display:block">Tc</span></a> </td> <td title="Rutênio, 44 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rut%C3%AAnio" title="Rutênio"><span style="display:block">Ru</span></a> </td> <td title="Ródio, 45 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%B3dio" title="Ródio"><span style="display:block">Rh</span></a> </td> <td title="Paládio, 46 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Pal%C3%A1dio" title="Paládio"><span style="display:block">Pd</span></a> </td> <td title="Prata, 47 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Prata" title="Prata"><span style="display:block">Ag</span></a> </td> <td title="Cádmio, 48 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A1dmio" title="Cádmio"><span style="display:block">Cd</span></a> </td> <td title="Índio (elemento químico), 49 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Dndio_(elemento_qu%C3%ADmico)" title="Índio (elemento químico)"><span style="display:block">In</span></a> </td> <td title="Estanho, 50 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Estanho" title="Estanho"><span style="display:block">Sn</span></a> </td> <td title="Antimônio, 51 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Antim%C3%B4nio" title="Antimônio"><span style="display:block">Sb</span></a> </td> <td title="Telúrio, 52 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tel%C3%BArio" title="Telúrio"><span style="display:block">Te</span></a> </td> <td title="Iodo, 53 (diatomic nonmetal)" style="text-align:center; background:#e7ff8f; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Iodo" title="Iodo"><span style="display:block">I</span></a> </td> <td title="Xenônio, 54 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Xen%C3%B4nio" title="Xenônio"><span style="display:block">Xe</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%ADodo_6_(qu%C3%ADmica)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Período 6 (química) (página não existe)">6</a> </th> <td title="Césio, 55 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sio" title="Césio"><span style="display:block">Cs</span></a> </td> <td title="Bário, 56 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A1rio" title="Bário"><span style="display:block">Ba</span></a> </td> <td title="Lantânio, 57 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lant%C3%A2nio" title="Lantânio"><span style="display:block">La</span></a> </td> <td title="Cério, 58 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9rio" title="Cério"><span style="display:block">Ce</span></a> </td> <td title="Praseodímio, 59 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Praseod%C3%ADmio" title="Praseodímio"><span style="display:block">Pr</span></a> </td> <td title="Neodímio, 60 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Neod%C3%ADmio" title="Neodímio"><span style="display:block">Nd</span></a> </td> <td title="Promécio, 61 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Prom%C3%A9cio" title="Promécio"><span style="display:block">Pm</span></a> </td> <td title="Samário, 62 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Sam%C3%A1rio" title="Samário"><span style="display:block">Sm</span></a> </td> <td title="Európio, 63 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Eur%C3%B3pio" title="Európio"><span style="display:block">Eu</span></a> </td> <td title="Gadolínio, 64 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Gadol%C3%ADnio" title="Gadolínio"><span style="display:block">Gd</span></a> </td> <td title="Térbio, 65 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9rbio" title="Térbio"><span style="display:block">Tb</span></a> </td> <td title="Disprósio, 66 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Dispr%C3%B3sio" title="Disprósio"><span style="display:block">Dy</span></a> </td> <td title="Hólmio, 67 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%B3lmio" title="Hólmio"><span style="display:block">Ho</span></a> </td> <td title="Érbio, 68 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89rbio" title="Érbio"><span style="display:block">Er</span></a> </td> <td title="Túlio, 69 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BAlio" title="Túlio"><span style="display:block">Tm</span></a> </td> <td title="Itérbio, 70 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/It%C3%A9rbio" title="Itérbio"><span style="display:block">Yb</span></a> </td> <td title="Lutécio, 71 (lanthanide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffbfff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Lut%C3%A9cio" title="Lutécio"><span style="display:block">Lu</span></a> </td> <td title="Háfnio, 72 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A1fnio" title="Háfnio"><span style="display:block">Hf</span></a> </td> <td title="Tântalo (elemento químico), 73 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A2ntalo_(elemento_qu%C3%ADmico)" title="Tântalo (elemento químico)"><span style="display:block">Ta</span></a> </td> <td title="Tungstênio, 74 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tungst%C3%AAnio" title="Tungstênio"><span style="display:block">W</span></a> </td> <td title="Rênio, 75 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%AAnio" title="Rênio"><span style="display:block">Re</span></a> </td> <td title="Ósmio, 76 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%93smio" title="Ósmio"><span style="display:block">Os</span></a> </td> <td title="Irídio, 77 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Ir%C3%ADdio" title="Irídio"><span style="display:block">Ir</span></a> </td> <td title="Platina, 78 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Platina" title="Platina"><span style="display:block">Pt</span></a> </td> <td title="Ouro, 79 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Ouro" title="Ouro"><span style="display:block">Au</span></a> </td> <td title="Mercúrio (elemento químico), 80 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Merc%C3%BArio_(elemento_qu%C3%ADmico)" title="Mercúrio (elemento químico)"><span style="display:block">Hg</span></a> </td> <td title="Tálio, 81 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A1lio" title="Tálio"><span style="display:block">Tl</span></a> </td> <td title="Chumbo, 82 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Chumbo" title="Chumbo"><span style="display:block">Pb</span></a> </td> <td title="Bismuto, 83 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Bismuto" title="Bismuto"><span style="display:block">Bi</span></a> </td> <td title="Polônio, 84 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Pol%C3%B4nio" title="Polônio"><span style="display:block">Po</span></a> </td> <td title="Ástato, 85 (metalloid)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccc99; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%81stato" title="Ástato"><span style="display:block">At</span></a> </td> <td title="Rádon, 86 (noble gas)" style="text-align:center; background:#c0ffff; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A1don" title="Rádon"><span style="display:block">Rn</span></a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Per%C3%ADodo_7_(qu%C3%ADmica)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Período 7 (química) (página não existe)">7</a> </th> <td title="Frâncio, 87 (alkali metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff6666; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Fr%C3%A2ncio" title="Frâncio"><span style="display:block">Fr</span></a> </td> <td title="Rádio (elemento químico), 88 (alkaline earth metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffdead; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A1dio_(elemento_qu%C3%ADmico)" title="Rádio (elemento químico)"><span style="display:block">Ra</span></a> </td> <td title="Actínio, 89 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Act%C3%ADnio" title="Actínio"><span style="display:block">Ac</span></a> </td> <td title="Tório, 90 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/T%C3%B3rio" title="Tório"><span style="display:block">Th</span></a> </td> <td title="Protactínio, 91 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Protact%C3%ADnio" title="Protactínio"><span style="display:block">Pa</span></a> </td> <td title="Urânio, 92 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Ur%C3%A2nio" title="Urânio"><span style="display:block">U</span></a> </td> <td title="Neptúnio, 93 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nept%C3%BAnio" title="Neptúnio"><span style="display:block">Np</span></a> </td> <td title="Plutónio, 94 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Plut%C3%B3nio" title="Plutónio"><span style="display:block">Pu</span></a> </td> <td title="Amerício, 95 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Amer%C3%ADcio" title="Amerício"><span style="display:block">Am</span></a> </td> <td title="Cúrio, 96 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/C%C3%BArio" title="Cúrio"><span style="display:block">Cm</span></a> </td> <td title="Berquélio, 97 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Berqu%C3%A9lio" title="Berquélio"><span style="display:block">Bk</span></a> </td> <td title="Califórnio, 98 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Calif%C3%B3rnio" title="Califórnio"><span style="display:block">Cf</span></a> </td> <td title="Einstênio, 99 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Einst%C3%AAnio" title="Einstênio"><span style="display:block">Es</span></a> </td> <td title="Férmio, 100 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9rmio" title="Férmio"><span style="display:block">Fm</span></a> </td> <td title="Mendelévio, 101 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Mendel%C3%A9vio" title="Mendelévio"><span style="display:block">Md</span></a> </td> <td title="Nobélio, 102 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nob%C3%A9lio" title="Nobélio"><span style="display:block">No</span></a> </td> <td title="Laurêncio, 103 (actinide)" style="text-align:center; background:#ff99cc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Laur%C3%AAncio" title="Laurêncio"><span style="display:block">Lr</span></a> </td> <td title="Rutherfórdio, 104 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Rutherf%C3%B3rdio" title="Rutherfórdio"><span style="display:block">Rf</span></a> </td> <td title="Dúbnio, 105 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BAbnio" title="Dúbnio"><span style="display:block">Db</span></a> </td> <td title="Seabórgio, 106 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Seab%C3%B3rgio" title="Seabórgio"><span style="display:block">Sg</span></a> </td> <td title="Bóhrio, 107 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/B%C3%B3hrio" title="Bóhrio"><span style="display:block">Bh</span></a> </td> <td title="Hássio, 108 (transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#ffc0c0; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/H%C3%A1ssio" title="Hássio"><span style="display:block">Hs</span></a> </td> <td title="Meitnério, 109 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Meitn%C3%A9rio" title="Meitnério"><span style="display:block">Mt</span></a> </td> <td title="Darmstádtio, 110 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Darmst%C3%A1dtio" title="Darmstádtio"><span style="display:block">Ds</span></a> </td> <td title="Roentgênio, 111 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Roentg%C3%AAnio" title="Roentgênio"><span style="display:block">Rg</span></a> </td> <td title="Copernício, 112 (post-transition metal)" style="text-align:center; background:#cccccc; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Copern%C3%ADcio" title="Copernício"><span style="display:block">Cn</span></a> </td> <td title="Nihonium, 113 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Nihonium" title="Nihonium"><span style="display:block">Nh</span></a> </td> <td title="Fleróvio, 114 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Fler%C3%B3vio" title="Fleróvio"><span style="display:block">Fl</span></a> </td> <td title="Moscóvio, 115 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Mosc%C3%B3vio" title="Moscóvio"><span style="display:block">Mc</span></a> </td> <td title="Livermório, 116 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Liverm%C3%B3rio" title="Livermório"><span style="display:block">Lv</span></a> </td> <td title="Tenesso, 117 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Tenesso" title="Tenesso"><span style="display:block">Ts</span></a> </td> <td title="Oganesson, 118 (unknown chemical properties)" style="text-align:center; background:#e8e8e8; border:none; ;"><a href="/wiki/Oganesson" title="Oganesson"><span style="display:block">Og</span></a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <table role="presentation" id="periodic-table-legend" class="wikitable" style="width:100%; line-height:120%; text-align:center; vertical-align:top; font-size:85%; background:#f8f8f8; margin:0; font-size:90%; margin-top:0.5em;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table style="width:100%; table-layout:fixed; overflow:hidden;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#ff6666;"><a href="/wiki/Metal_alcalino" title="Metal alcalino">Metais alcalinos</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#ffdead;"><a href="/wiki/Metal_alcalinoterroso" title="Metal alcalinoterroso">Metais alcalinos-terrosos</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#ffbfff;"><a href="/wiki/Lantan%C3%ADdeo" title="Lantanídeo">Lantanídeos</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#ff99cc;"><a href="/wiki/Actin%C3%ADdeo" title="Actinídeo">Actinídeos</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#ffc0c0;"><a href="/wiki/Metal_de_transi%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Metal de transição">Metais de<br />transição</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#cccccc;"><a href="/wiki/Metal_p%C3%B3s-transi%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Metal pós-transição">Metais<br />pós-transição</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#cccc99;"><a href="/wiki/Semimetal" title="Semimetal">Semimetais</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#a1ffc3;"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A3o_metal" class="mw-redirect" title="Não metal">Não-metais<br />poliatômicos</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#e7ff8f;"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%A3o_metal" class="mw-redirect" title="Não metal">Diatômicos não metais</a> </td> <td style="padding:0 1px; background:#c0ffff;"><a href="/wiki/G%C3%A1s_nobre" title="Gás nobre">Gases nobres</a> </td> <td rowspan="1" style="padding:0 1px; background:#e8e8e8;">Propriedades<br />químicas<br />desconhecidas </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Controle_de_autoridade" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Controle_de_autoridade" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 12%; text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Ajuda:Controle_de_autoridade" title="Ajuda:Controle de autoridade">Controle de autoridade</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlinks" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Wikidata:Main_Page" title="Wikidata"><img alt="Wd" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/20px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/30px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/40px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></a></span>: <span class="uid"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q568" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q568">Q568</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Tesauro_de_Arte_e_Arquitetura" title="Tesauro de Arte e Arquitetura">AAT</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/AATFullDisplay?find=&amp;logic=AND&amp;note=&amp;subjectid=300380205">300380205</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_Central_de_Floren%C3%A7a" title="Biblioteca Nacional Central de Florença">BNCF</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thes.bncf.firenze.sbn.it/termine.php?id=25271">25271</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_da_Espanha" title="Biblioteca Nacional da Espanha">BNE</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datos.bne.es/resource/XX531331">XX531331</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_da_Fran%C3%A7a" title="Biblioteca Nacional da França">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb119338639">119338639</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Grande_Enciclop%C3%A9dia_Sovi%C3%A9tica" title="Grande Enciclopédia Soviética">BRE</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://old.bigenc.ru/text/2147453">2147453</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">EBID</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/science/lithium-chemical-element">ID</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4036037-4">4036037-4</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/JSTOR" title="JSTOR">JSTOR</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://www.jstor.org/topic/lithium">lithium</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%BAmero_de_controle_da_Biblioteca_do_Congresso" title="Número de controle da Biblioteca do Congresso">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85077577">sh85077577</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_da_Dieta" title="Biblioteca Nacional da Dieta">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00569575">00569575</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_T%C3%A9cnica_Nacional_de_Praga" title="Biblioteca Técnica Nacional de Praga">PSH</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://psh.techlib.cz/skos/PSH5744">5744</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclop%C3%A9dia_Treccani" title="Enciclopédia Treccani">Treccani</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/litio">litio</a></span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Identificadores" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Identificadores" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 12%; text-align:center;">Identificadores</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd plainlinks" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%BAmero_CAS" title="Número CAS">CAS</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=7439-93-2">7439-93-2</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/ChEBI" title="ChEBI">ChEBI</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/chebi/searchId.do?chebiId=CHEBI:30146">30146</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54774134" class="extiw" title="d:Q54774134">DTXSID</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://comptox.epa.gov/dashboard/chemical/details/DTXSID5036761">DTXSID5036761</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59911453" class="extiw" title="d:Q59911453">ECHA</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://echa.europa.eu/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.028.274">100.028.274</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Banco_de_Dados_de_Ep%C3%ADtopos_Imunes_e_Recurso_de_An%C3%A1lise" title="Banco de Dados de Epítopos Imunes e Recurso de Análise">IEDB</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iedb.org/epitope/114079">114079</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meshb.nlm.nih.gov/record/ui?ui=D008094">D008094</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Medical_Subject_Headings" title="Medical Subject Headings">MeSH</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/D01.268.549.450">D01.268.549.450</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19404626" class="extiw" title="d:Q19404626">NCIt</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ncit.nci.nih.gov/ncitbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI%20Thesaurus&amp;code=C95186">C95186</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patient_UK" class="extiw" title="en:Patient UK">Patientplus</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://patient.info/doctor/lithium-pro">lithium-pro</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/PubChem" title="PubChem">PubChem</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/3028194">3028194</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RxNorm" class="extiw" title="en:RxNorm">RxNorm</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mor.nlm.nih.gov/RxNav/search?searchBy=RXCUI&amp;searchTerm=6448">6448</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Sistema_Unificado_de_Linguagem_M%C3%A9dica" title="Sistema Unificado de Linguagem Médica">UMLS</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ncim-stage.nci.nih.gov/ncimbrowser/ConceptReport.jsp?dictionary=NCI%20Metathesaurus&amp;code=C0023870">C0023870</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/UNII" title="UNII">UNII</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gsrs.ncats.nih.gov/ginas/app/beta/substances/9FN79X2M3F">9FN79X2M3F</a></span></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.codfw.main‐7d9797f5d‐qfwcs Cached time: 20241120014344 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 1.460 seconds Real time usage: 1.843 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 22161/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 459909/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 23582/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 14/100 Expensive parser function count: 53/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 99211/5000000 bytes Lua time 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