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<div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="用户菜单" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=zh.wikipedia.org&uselang=zh"><span>资助维基百科</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%88%9B%E5%BB%BA%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7&returnto=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E9%A9%85%E6%BC%A2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="我们推荐您创建账号并登录，但这不是强制性的"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>创建账号</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E7%94%A8%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95&returnto=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E9%A9%85%E6%BC%A2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="建议你登录，尽管并非必须。[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>登录</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 未登录编辑者的页面 <a href="/wiki/Help:%E6%96%B0%E6%89%8B%E5%85%A5%E9%97%A8" aria-label="了解有关编辑的更多信息"><span>了解详情</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%B4%A1%E7%8C%AE" title="来自此IP地址的编辑列表[y]" accesskey="y"><span>贡献</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E6%88%91%E7%9A%84%E8%AE%A8%E8%AE%BA%E9%A1%B5" title="对于来自此IP地址编辑的讨论[n]" accesskey="n"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="站点"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="目录" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">目录</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">隐藏</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">序言</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-背景" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#背景"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>背景</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-背景-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-經過" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#經過"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>經過</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-經過-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參見" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參見"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>參見</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參見-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-註釋" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#註釋"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>註釋</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-註釋-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考文獻" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考文獻"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>參考文獻</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-參考文獻-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>开关參考文獻子章节</span> </button> <ul id="toc-參考文獻-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-引用" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#引用"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>引用</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-引用-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-參考" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#參考"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>參考</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-參考-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目录" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="开关目录" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">开关目录</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">第二次驅漢事件</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="这篇条目只存在于此语言中。添加其他语言的条目" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-0" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">添加语言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="uls-after-portlet-link"></span><span class="wb-langlinks-add wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q24837660#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="添加跨语言链接" class="wbc-editpage">添加链接</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="命名空间"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E9%A9%85%E6%BC%A2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="浏览条目正文[c]" accesskey="c"><span>条目</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E9%A9%85%E6%BC%A2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="关于此页面的讨论（页面不存在）[t]" accesskey="t"><span>讨论</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="更改语言变体" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">不转换</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-varlang-0" class="selected ca-variants-zh mw-list-item"><a href="/zh/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E9%A9%85%E6%BC%A2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" lang="zh" hreflang="zh"><span>不转换</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-1" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hans/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E9%A9%85%E6%BC%A2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" lang="zh-Hans" hreflang="zh-Hans"><span>简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-2" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hant/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E9%A9%85%E6%BC%A2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" lang="zh-Hant" hreflang="zh-Hant"><span>繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-3" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-CN mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-cn/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E9%A9%85%E6%BC%A2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" lang="zh-Hans-CN" hreflang="zh-Hans-CN"><span>大陆简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-4" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-HK mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-hk/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E9%A9%85%E6%BC%A2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" lang="zh-Hant-HK" hreflang="zh-Hant-HK"><span>香港繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-5" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-MO mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-mo/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E9%A9%85%E6%BC%A2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" lang="zh-Hant-MO" hreflang="zh-Hant-MO"><span>澳門繁體</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-6" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-MY mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-my/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E9%A9%85%E6%BC%A2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" lang="zh-Hans-MY" hreflang="zh-Hans-MY"><span>大马简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-7" class="ca-variants-zh-Hans-SG mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-sg/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E9%A9%85%E6%BC%A2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" lang="zh-Hans-SG" hreflang="zh-Hans-SG"><span>新加坡简体</span></a></li><li id="ca-varlang-8" class="ca-variants-zh-Hant-TW mw-list-item"><a href="/zh-tw/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E9%A9%85%E6%BC%A2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" lang="zh-Hant-TW" hreflang="zh-Hant-TW"><span>臺灣正體</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="查看"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E9%A9%85%E6%BC%A2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6"><span>阅读</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E9%A9%85%E6%BC%A2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6&action=edit" title="编辑该页面[e]" accesskey="e"><span>编辑</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E9%A9%85%E6%BC%A2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6&action=history" title="本页面的早前版本。[h]" accesskey="h"><span>查看历史</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="页面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="工具" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">工具</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">工具</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移至侧栏</button> <button 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class="noprint">维基百科，自由的百科全书</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="zh" dir="ltr"><div id="noteTA-3dfa5bbb" class="noteTA"><div class="noteTA-local"><div data-noteta-code="zh:噶倫堡;zh-hans:噶伦堡;zh-hant:卡林邦;"></div></div></div> <p><b>第二次驅漢事件</b>是指1949年<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E5%85%9A" title="中国共产党">中国共产党</a>在<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E5%9C%8B%E5%85%B1%E5%85%A7%E6%88%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="第二次國共內戰">第二次國共內戰</a>取得優勢後，<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="中華民國國民政府">中華民國國民政府</a><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E8%97%8F%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83" title="蒙藏委員會">蒙藏委員會</a>的<a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%90%A8%E5%B8%82" title="拉萨市">拉薩</a>辦事處職員遭<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F_(1912%E5%B9%B4%EF%BC%8D1951%E5%B9%B4)" class="mw-redirect" title="西藏 (1912年－1951年)">西藏</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%99%B6%E5%8E%A6" class="mw-redirect" title="噶厦">噶厦</a>政府下令離開西藏的事件。<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="背景"><span id=".E8.83.8C.E6.99.AF"></span>背景</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E9%A9%85%E6%BC%A2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6&action=edit&section=1" title="编辑章节：背景"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1933年12月，<a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96%E9%81%94%E8%B3%B4%E5%96%87%E5%98%9B" title="第十三世達賴喇嘛">第十三世達賴喇嘛</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%93%E5%AF%82" title="圓寂">圓寂</a>。1934年1月，<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%84%E6%85%95%E6%9D%BE" title="黄慕松">黃慕松</a>被任命為致祭達頼專使，於8月抵達西藏拉薩，設立了與南京聯絡的電台，成立「專使行署」（「蒙藏委員會駐藏辦事處」的前身）。<sup id="cite_ref-Kapstein2013_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kapstein2013-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-朱麗雙2016_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-朱麗雙2016-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>英国<a href="/wiki/%E9%A7%90%E9%8C%AB%E9%87%91%E6%94%BF%E5%8B%99%E5%AE%98" title="駐錫金政務官">驻錫金、不丹政務官</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%B4%E8%8C%B2%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E5%8F%A4%E5%BE%B7" title="巴茲爾·古德">古德</a>爵士於1936年訪問西藏，也在<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E9%A7%90%E6%8B%89%E8%96%A9%E4%BD%BF%E5%9C%98" title="英國駐拉薩使團">拉薩成立了辦事處</a>（英國更早在<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD%E9%A9%BB%E6%B1%9F%E5%AD%9C%E5%95%86%E5%8A%A1%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98" title="英国驻江孜商务委员">江孜</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9B%BD%E9%A9%BB%E4%BA%9A%E4%B8%9C%E5%95%86%E5%8A%A1%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98" title="英国驻亚东商务委员">亞東</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%B1%E5%9C%8B%E9%A7%90%E5%99%B6%E5%A4%A7%E5%85%8B%E5%95%86%E5%8B%99%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1" title="英國駐噶大克商務委員">噶大克</a>已設商務專員）。1939年11月25日，蒙藏委員會9人代表團抵達拉薩。1940年2月22日，<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%81%E5%9B%9B%E4%B8%96%E8%BE%BE%E8%B5%96%E5%96%87%E5%98%9B%E5%9D%90%E5%BA%8A%E5%85%B8%E7%A4%BC" title="十四世达赖喇嘛坐床典礼">第十四世达赖喇嘛的坐床典禮</a>在拉薩舉行，蒙藏委員會委員長<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B4%E5%BF%A0%E4%BF%A1" title="吴忠信">吳忠信</a>代表國民政府參加坐床典禮<span id="noteTag-cite_ref-sup"><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>註 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span><sup id="cite_ref-Shakya1999_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shakya1999-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:6</sup>，但是西藏並沒有因此承認與國民政府有政治上的隸屬關係<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="經過"><span id=".E7.B6.93.E9.81.8E"></span>經過</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E9%A9%85%E6%BC%A2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6&action=edit&section=2" title="编辑章节：經過"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1949年7月8日，噶厦政府通知蒙藏委員會拉薩辦事處代處長陳錫璋，噶厦政府決定驅逐辦事處所有人員，並將此決定以電報通知代總統<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E5%AE%97%E4%BB%81" title="李宗仁">李宗仁</a>與<a href="/wiki/%E8%94%A3%E4%B8%AD%E6%AD%A3" title="蔣中正">蔣中正</a>。國共雙方對此都表示反對。8月6日，國民政府行政院長<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%BB%E9%8C%AB%E5%B1%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="閻錫山">閻錫山</a>表示辦事處人員都經過精挑細選，沒有理由驅逐，要求西藏政府糾正決定。《<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E5%8D%8E%E6%97%A5%E6%8A%A5" title="新华日报">新华日报</a>》9月2日的社論指責這是西藏政府在英、美帝國主義與印度指使下的行為。在新華社發表社論前，《<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E6%97%A5%E5%A0%B1" title="中央日報">中央日報</a>》曾報導美國記者<span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="洛維爾·托馬斯" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Lowell Thomas"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B4%9B%E7%B6%AD%E7%88%BE%C2%B7%E6%89%98%E9%A6%AC%E6%96%AF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="洛維爾·托馬斯（页面不存在）">洛維爾·托馬斯</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lowell_Thomas" class="extiw" title="en:Lowell Thomas"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Lowell Thomas</span></a></span>）</span></span>即將訪問西藏，這可能是新華社社論指責「美國間諜」干預西藏的唯一根據，此外並無史料表明中共當時了解<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%83%85%E5%B1%80%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE" title="中情局西藏项目">美國政府與拉薩所將建立的任何秘密聯繫</a>。<sup id="cite_ref-Shakya1999_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shakya1999-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference" style="white-space:nowrap;">:7-8</sup><sup id="cite_ref-劉曉原2016_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-劉曉原2016-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>1949年8月11日，被驅逐的133人抵達毗鄰印度的<a href="/wiki/%E4%BA%9E%E6%9D%B1%E7%B8%A3" class="mw-redirect" title="亞東縣">亞東</a> ，其中包括公務員（辦事處人員、無線電技師、拉薩小學教職員、醫生等）與家人88人，國民黨特務20人，國民黨線民15人等。<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E9%A9%BB%E5%8D%B0%E5%BA%A6%E5%A4%A7%E4%BD%BF%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="中国驻印度大使列表">中國駐印度大使</a><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E5%AE%B6%E5%80%AB" title="羅家倫">羅家倫</a>派了一位秘書到<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%A1%E6%9E%97%E9%82%A6" title="卡林邦">噶倫堡</a>迎接，之後經由<a href="/wiki/%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF" title="香港">香港</a>回到中國廣東。<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參見"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.A6.8B"></span>參見</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E9%A9%85%E6%BC%A2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6&action=edit&section=3" title="编辑章节：參見"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E9%A9%85%E6%BC%A2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="第一次驅漢事件">第一次驅漢事件</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="註釋"><span id=".E8.A8.BB.E9.87.8B"></span>註釋</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E9%A9%85%E6%BC%A2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6&action=edit&section=4" title="编辑章节：註釋"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">中国政府主張吴忠信代表中央政府主持坐床典礼<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>，西藏方面对此则持否定态度，表示吳忠信得到的待遇與其他觀禮的外國使節並沒有不同<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>。</span> </li> </ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="參考文獻"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83.E6.96.87.E7.8D.BB"></span>參考文獻</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E9%A9%85%E6%BC%A2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6&action=edit&section=5" title="编辑章节：參考文獻"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="引用"><span id=".E5.BC.95.E7.94.A8"></span>引用</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E9%A9%85%E6%BC%A2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6&action=edit&section=6" title="编辑章节：引用"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">裴儒弟. 民国时期西藏地方两次“驱汉”事件的比较分析. 中国藏学 (西安: 陕西师范大学中国西部边疆研究院). 2015年, (3).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E9%A9%85%E6%BC%A2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6&rft.atitle=%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%BD%E6%97%B6%E6%9C%9F%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E4%B8%A4%E6%AC%A1%E2%80%9C%E9%A9%B1%E6%B1%89%E2%80%9D%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6%E7%9A%84%E6%AF%94%E8%BE%83%E5%88%86%E6%9E%90&rft.au=%E8%A3%B4%E5%84%92%E5%BC%9F&rft.date=2015&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E8%97%8F%E5%AD%A6&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kapstein2013-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Kapstein2013_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Matthew T. Kapstein. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ATDfnllvPHIC&pg=PT229">The Tibetans</a>. John Wiley & Sons. 2013-06-05: 229. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/1-118-72537-9" title="Special:网络书源/1-118-72537-9"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 1-118-72537-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E9%A9%85%E6%BC%A2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6&rft.au=Matthew+T.+Kapstein&rft.btitle=The+Tibetans&rft.date=2013-06-05&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=1-118-72537-9&rft.pages=229&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DATDfnllvPHIC%26pg%3DPT229&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-朱麗雙2016-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-朱麗雙2016_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">朱麗雙. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220318044446/https://books.google.com/books?id=eOoqDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA170">民國政府的西藏專使(1912–1949)</a>. 香港中文大學出版社. 1 June 2016: 170,200,461 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2019-02-01</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-962-996-711-6" title="Special:网络书源/978-962-996-711-6"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-962-996-711-6</a>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eOoqDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA170">原始内容</a>存档于2022-03-18）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E9%A9%85%E6%BC%A2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6&rft.au=%E6%9C%B1%E9%BA%97%E9%9B%99&rft.btitle=%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E7%9A%84%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E5%B0%88%E4%BD%BF%281912%E2%80%931949%29&rft.date=2016-06-01&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-962-996-711-6&rft.pages=170%2C200%2C461&rft.pub=%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeOoqDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA170&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">沈荆唐. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?hl=zh-TW&id=w3jTAAAAMAAJ&q=%E5%9D%90%E5%BA%8A">《吳忠信》</a>. <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E7%A7%91%E5%AD%A6%E9%99%A2" title="中国社会科学院">中国社会科学院</a>近代史研究所 (编). 民国人物传第10卷. <a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%8D%8E%E4%B9%A6%E5%B1%80%E6%9C%89%E9%99%90%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8" title="中华书局有限公司">中華書局</a>. 1978: 17–18 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2022-09-20</span>]</span>. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/7-101-02114-X" title="Special:网络书源/7-101-02114-X"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 7-101-02114-X</a>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220920182415/https://books.google.com/books?hl=zh-TW&id=w3jTAAAAMAAJ&q=%E5%9D%90%E5%BA%8A">存档</a>于2022-09-20）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E9%A9%85%E6%BC%A2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6&rft.atitle=%E3%80%8A%E5%90%B3%E5%BF%A0%E4%BF%A1%E3%80%8B&rft.au=%E6%B2%88%E8%8D%86%E5%94%90&rft.btitle=%E6%B0%91%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E7%89%A9%E4%BC%A0+%E7%AC%AC10%E5%8D%B7&rft.date=1978&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=7-101-02114-X&rft.pages=17-18&rft.pub=%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%9B%B8%E5%B1%80&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fhl%3Dzh-TW%26id%3Dw3jTAAAAMAAJ%26q%3D%25E5%259D%2590%25E5%25BA%258A&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130706011946/http://www.tibethouse.jp/dalai_lama/hh_and_pl.html">ダライ・ラマ法王日本代表部事務所「ダライ・ラマ法王とチベット」</a>. （<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tibethouse.jp/dalai_lama/hh_and_pl.html">原始内容</a>存档于2013年7月6日）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E9%A9%85%E6%BC%A2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6&rft.btitle=%E3%83%80%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A9%E3%83%9E%E6%B3%95%E7%8E%8B%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E9%83%A8%E4%BA%8B%E5%8B%99%E6%89%80%E3%80%8C%E3%83%80%E3%83%A9%E3%82%A4%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A9%E3%83%9E%E6%B3%95%E7%8E%8B%E3%81%A8%E3%83%81%E3%83%99%E3%83%83%E3%83%88%E3%80%8D&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tibethouse.jp%2Fdalai_lama%2Fhh_and_pl.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shakya1999-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Shakya1999_7-0"><sup><b>6.0</b></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shakya1999_7-1"><sup><b>6.1</b></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Tsering Shakya. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://books.google.com/books?id=dosnYnxzTD4C&pg=PA6"><span></span><i>The Dragon in the Land of Snows: A History of Modern Tibet Since 1947</i><span></span></a>. Columbia University Press. 1999. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-0-231-11814-9" title="Special:网络书源/978-0-231-11814-9"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-0-231-11814-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E9%A9%85%E6%BC%A2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6&rft.au=Tsering+Shakya&rft.btitle=The+Dragon+in+the+Land+of+Snows%3A+A+History+of+Modern+Tibet+Since+1947&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-0-231-11814-9&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdosnYnxzTD4C%26pg%3DPA6&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">朱麗雙. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mh.sinica.edu.tw/MHDocument/PublicationDetail/PublicationDetail_404.pdf">現實與表述：國民政府的特派大員與十四世達賴喇嘛的認證</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. 中央研究院近代史研究所集刊 (中央研究院近代史研究所): 第120頁. <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-04-26</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160509163521/http://www.mh.sinica.edu.tw/MHDocument/PublicationDetail/PublicationDetail_404.pdf">存档</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>于2016-05-09）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E9%A9%85%E6%BC%A2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6&rft.atitle=%E7%8F%BE%E5%AF%A6%E8%88%87%E8%A1%A8%E8%BF%B0%EF%BC%9A%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E7%9A%84%E7%89%B9%E6%B4%BE%E5%A4%A7%E5%93%A1%E8%88%87%E5%8D%81%E5%9B%9B%E4%B8%96%E9%81%94%E8%B3%B4%E5%96%87%E5%98%9B%E7%9A%84%E8%AA%8D%E8%AD%89&rft.au=%E6%9C%B1%E9%BA%97%E9%9B%99&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=%E7%AC%AC%E5%85%AD%E5%8D%81%E6%9C%9F&rft.jtitle=%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E9%99%A2%E8%BF%91%E4%BB%A3%E5%8F%B2%E7%A0%94%E7%A9%B6%E6%89%80%E9%9B%86%E5%88%8A&rft.pages=%E7%AC%AC120%E9%A0%81&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mh.sinica.edu.tw%2FMHDocument%2FPublicationDetail%2FPublicationDetail_404.pdf&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-劉曉原2016-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-劉曉原2016_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">劉曉原. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cuoqDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA224">邊疆中國: 二十世紀周邊暨民族關係史</a>. 香港中文大學出版社. 2016-05-01: 224. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-962-996-710-9" title="Special:网络书源/978-962-996-710-9"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-962-996-710-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E9%A9%85%E6%BC%A2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6&rft.au=%E5%8A%89%E6%9B%89%E5%8E%9F&rft.btitle=%E9%82%8A%E7%96%86%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%3A+%E4%BA%8C%E5%8D%81%E4%B8%96%E7%B4%80%E5%91%A8%E9%82%8A%E6%9A%A8%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82%E5%8F%B2&rft.date=2016-05-01&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-962-996-710-9&rft.pages=224&rft.pub=%E9%A6%99%E6%B8%AF%E4%B8%AD%E6%96%87%E5%A4%A7%E5%AD%B8%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcuoqDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA224&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Sam van Schaik. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earlytibet.com/2011/05/31/red-herrings-on-a-high-plateau/">Red Herrings on a High Plateau</a>. 2011-05-31 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [<span class="nowrap">2016-04-17</span>]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160328112844/http://earlytibet.com/2011/05/31/red-herrings-on-a-high-plateau/">存档</a>于2016-03-28）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E9%A9%85%E6%BC%A2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6&rft.au=Sam+van+Schaik&rft.btitle=Red+Herrings+on+a+High+Plateau&rft.date=2011-05-31&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fearlytibet.com%2F2011%2F05%2F31%2Fred-herrings-on-a-high-plateau%2F&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">劉學銚. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OdGnAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA144">從歷史看清西藏問題－揭開達賴的真實面貌</a>. 思行文化. 2013-10-10: 144. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/978-986-89955-7-4" title="Special:网络书源/978-986-89955-7-4"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 978-986-89955-7-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E9%A9%85%E6%BC%A2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6&rft.au=%E5%8A%89%E5%AD%B8%E9%8A%9A&rft.btitle=%E5%BE%9E%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E7%9C%8B%E6%B8%85%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E5%95%8F%E9%A1%8C%EF%BC%8D%E6%8F%AD%E9%96%8B%E9%81%94%E8%B3%B4%E7%9A%84%E7%9C%9F%E5%AF%A6%E9%9D%A2%E8%B2%8C&rft.date=2013-10-10&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=978-986-89955-7-4&rft.pages=144&rft.pub=%E6%80%9D%E8%A1%8C%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOdGnAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA144&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Lin, Hsaio-ting. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=osn1WrRCelcC&pg=PA199">Tibet and Nationalist China's Frontier: Intrigues and Ethnopolitics, 1928-49</a>. UBC Press: 199. 2011年1月1日 <span class="reference-accessdate"> [2023年4月22日]</span>. （原始内容<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230512064731/https://books.google.com/books?id=osn1WrRCelcC&pg=PA199">存档</a>于2023年5月12日）.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E9%A9%85%E6%BC%A2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6&rft.aufirst=Hsaio-ting&rft.aulast=Lin&rft.btitle=Tibet+and+Nationalist+China%27s+Frontier%3A+Intrigues+and+Ethnopolitics%2C+1928-49&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pages=199&rft.pub=UBC+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dosn1WrRCelcC%26pg%3DPA199&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="參考"><span id=".E5.8F.83.E8.80.83"></span>參考</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E9%A9%85%E6%BC%A2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6&action=edit&section=7" title="编辑章节：參考"><span>编辑</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation book">夏札·甘登班覺. 〈原西藏地方政府驅逐國民黨蒙藏委員會駐拉薩辦事處人員前後〉. 西藏自治区政协文中民族宗教法制委员会 (编). 《西藏文史资料选辑》 <b>第21辑</b>. 民族出版社. 2004年3月: 135頁. <a href="/wiki/Special:%E7%BD%91%E7%BB%9C%E4%B9%A6%E6%BA%90/9787105061129" title="Special:网络书源/9787105061129"><span title="国际标准书号">ISBN</span> 9787105061129</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzh.wikipedia.org%3A%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E6%AC%A1%E9%A9%85%E6%BC%A2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6&rft.atitle=%E3%80%88%E5%8E%9F%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E9%A9%85%E9%80%90%E5%9C%8B%E6%B0%91%E9%BB%A8%E8%92%99%E8%97%8F%E5%A7%94%E5%93%A1%E6%9C%83%E9%A7%90%E6%8B%89%E8%96%A9%E8%BE%A6%E4%BA%8B%E8%99%95%E4%BA%BA%E5%93%A1%E5%89%8D%E5%BE%8C%E3%80%89&rft.au=%E5%A4%8F%E6%9C%AD%C2%B7%E7%94%98%E7%99%BB%E7%8F%AD%E8%A6%BA&rft.btitle=%E3%80%8A%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E6%96%87%E5%8F%B2%E8%B5%84%E6%96%99%E9%80%89%E8%BE%91%E3%80%8B&rft.date=2004-03&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=9787105061129&rft.pages=135%E9%A0%81&rft.pub=%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E5%87%BA%E7%89%88%E7%A4%BE&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r84265675">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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title="中华人民共和国省会列表">自治区首府</a>）、印度<a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E5%85%B0%E8%90%A8%E6%8B%89" title="达兰萨拉">达兰萨拉</a>（<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E6%B5%81%E4%BA%A1%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" class="mw-redirect" title="西藏流亡政府">西藏流亡政府所在地</a>）</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2" title="西藏历史">历史</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">概述</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8" title="西藏歷史年表">年表</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="欧洲人在西藏的探险史" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="History of European exploration in Tibet"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AC%A7%E6%B4%B2%E4%BA%BA%E5%9C%A8%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E7%9A%84%E6%8E%A2%E9%99%A9%E5%8F%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="欧洲人在西藏的探险史（页面不存在）">欧洲人在西藏的探险史</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_European_exploration_in_Tibet" class="extiw" title="en:History of European exploration in Tibet"><span lang="en" dir="auto">History of European exploration in Tibet</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E8%AD%B7%E7%85%A7%E5%8F%B2" title="西藏護照史">護照史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E8%B4%A7%E5%B8%81%E5%8F%B2" title="西藏货币史">货币史</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%B0%BC%E9%93%B6%E9%92%B1%E8%B4%B8%E6%98%93" class="mw-redirect" title="中尼银钱贸易">藏尼银钱贸易</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E6%94%9D%E5%BD%B1%E5%8F%B2" title="西藏攝影史">攝影史</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2%E5%88%86%E6%9C%9F" title="历史分期">分期</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E5%8E%86%E5%8F%B2#上古时期" title="西藏历史">史前<small>(新石器时期)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%B1%A1%E9%9B%84" title="象雄">象雄</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%90%E8%95%83" title="吐蕃">吐蕃</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%90%E8%95%83%E5%B8%9D%E5%9C%8B%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2%E5%B9%B4%E8%A1%A8" title="吐蕃帝國歷史年表">年表</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E6%9C%9D%E8%88%87%E5%90%90%E8%95%83%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82%E5%8F%B2" title="唐朝與吐蕃關係史">与唐朝关系</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%90%E8%95%83%E5%88%86%E8%A3%82%E6%97%B6%E6%9C%9F" title="吐蕃分裂时期">分裂时期</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%90%E8%95%83%E8%87%A3%E6%B0%91%E5%A4%A7%E5%8F%8D%E5%8F%9B" title="吐蕃臣民大反叛">臣民大反叛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%A0%BC%E7%8E%8B%E5%9B%BD" title="古格王国">古格王朝</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E6%9C%9D%E8%88%87%E5%90%90%E8%95%83%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82%E5%8F%B2" title="宋朝與吐蕃關係史">与宋朝关系</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%92%99%E5%8F%A4%E5%BE%81%E6%9C%8D%E5%90%90%E8%95%83" title="蒙古征服吐蕃">蒙古入侵</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%83%E6%9C%9D%E6%B2%BB%E8%97%8F%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="元朝治藏歷史">元朝统治</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%A3%E6%94%BF%E9%99%A2" title="宣政院">宣政院</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E8%BF%A6%E6%B4%BE" class="mw-redirect" title="薩迦派">薩迦派</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B8%95%E6%9C%A8%E7%AB%B9%E5%B7%B4" title="帕木竹巴">帕木竹巴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%BB%81%E8%9A%8C%E5%B7%B4" title="仁蚌巴">仁蚌巴</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%8F%E7%91%AA%E5%B7%B4" title="夏瑪巴">夏瑪巴</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%99%B6%E7%8E%9B%E5%B7%B4" title="噶玛巴">噶玛巴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%B7%B4%E6%B1%97" title="藏巴汗">藏巴汗王朝</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E6%9C%9D%E8%88%87%E5%90%90%E8%95%83%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82%E5%8F%B2" title="明朝與吐蕃關係史">与明朝关系</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%92%8C%E7%A1%95%E7%89%B9%E6%B1%97%E5%9B%BD" title="和硕特汗国">和硕特汗国</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%94%98%E4%B8%B9%E9%A2%87%E7%AB%A0" title="甘丹颇章">甘丹颇章</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E9%B2%81%E6%B4%BE" title="格鲁派">格鲁派</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D%E6%B2%BB%E8%97%8F%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="清朝治藏歷史">清朝统治</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D%E5%BE%81%E6%9C%8D%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F" title="清朝征服西藏">清朝征服西藏</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%A7%90%E8%97%8F%E5%A4%A7%E8%87%A3" title="駐藏大臣">駐藏大臣</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%8D%80%E5%88%86%E6%B2%BB" title="藏區分治">藏區分治</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E8%BB%8D_(%E6%B8%85%E6%9C%9D)" title="藏軍 (清朝)">清朝藏軍</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%9D%E8%BB%8D%E5%85%A5%E8%97%8F" title="川軍入藏">川軍入藏</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F_(1912%E5%B9%B4%E2%80%941951%E5%B9%B4)" title="西藏 (1912年—1951年)">1912-1951年</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E6%B0%91%E5%9C%8B%E8%88%87%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E9%97%9C%E4%BF%82%E5%8F%B2" title="中華民國與西藏關係史">與民國關係</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%B8%80%E6%AC%A1%E9%A9%85%E6%BC%A2%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="第一次驅漢事件">第一次驅漢事件</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%86%9B" title="藏军">藏军</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%A7%86%E6%8B%89%E6%A2%9D%E7%B4%84" title="西姆拉條約">西姆拉條約</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E8%97%8F%E7%BA%A0%E7%BA%B7" title="康藏纠纷">康藏边界纠纷</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">第二次驅漢事件</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E5%85%B1%E5%92%8C%E5%9C%8B%E6%B2%BB%E8%97%8F%E6%AD%B7%E5%8F%B2" title="中華人民共和國治藏歷史">中華人民共和國统治</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E6%98%8C%E9%83%BD%E6%88%98%E5%BD%B9" title="昌都战役">昌都战役</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E5%92%8C%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E8%A7%A3%E6%94%BE%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E5%8A%9E%E6%B3%95%E7%9A%84%E5%8D%8F%E8%AE%AE" title="中央人民政府和西藏地方政府关于和平解放西藏办法的协议">十七条协议</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E5%92%8C%E5%B9%B3%E8%A7%A3%E6%94%BE" title="西藏和平解放">解放军进驻西藏</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%83%E4%B8%87%E8%A8%80%E4%B9%A6" title="七万言书">七萬言書</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="西藏自1950年以来的抗议和骚乱" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Protests and uprisings in Tibet since 1950"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E8%87%AA1950%E5%B9%B4%E4%BB%A5%E6%9D%A5%E7%9A%84%E6%8A%97%E8%AE%AE%E5%92%8C%E9%AA%9A%E4%B9%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西藏自1950年以来的抗议和骚乱（页面不存在）">抗议和骚乱</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protests_and_uprisings_in_Tibet_since_1950" class="extiw" title="en:Protests and uprisings in Tibet since 1950"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Protests and uprisings in Tibet since 1950</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1959%E5%B9%B4%E8%97%8F%E5%8C%BA%E9%AA%9A%E4%B9%B1" title="1959年藏区骚乱">1959年</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989%E5%B9%B4%E6%8B%89%E8%90%A8%E9%AA%9A%E4%B9%B1" title="1989年拉萨骚乱">1989年</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008%E5%B9%B4%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E9%AA%9A%E4%B9%B1" title="2008年西藏骚乱">2008年</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012%E5%B9%B4%E8%97%8F%E5%8C%BA%E9%AA%9A%E4%B9%B1" title="2012年藏区骚乱">2012年</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E5%9C%B0%E7%90%86" title="西藏地理">地理</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="Category:西藏植物">植物</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E6%B9%96%E6%B3%8A%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西藏湖泊列表（页面不存在）">湖泊</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%89" title="Category:西藏山脉">山脉</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%96%9C%E9%A9%AC%E6%8B%89%E9%9B%85%E5%B1%B1" class="mw-redirect" title="喜马拉雅山">喜马拉雅山</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B4%9B%E5%AD%90%E5%B3%B0" title="洛子峰">洛子峰</a> / <a href="/wiki/%E7%AB%A0%E5%AD%90%E5%B3%B0" title="章子峰">章子峰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E8%BF%A6%E5%B7%B4%E7%93%A6%E5%B3%B0" title="南迦巴瓦峰">南迦巴瓦峰</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%94%90%E5%8F%A4%E6%8B%89%E5%B1%B1%E8%84%89" title="唐古拉山脉">唐古拉</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E6%B2%B3%E6%B5%81" title="Category:西藏河流">河流</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E9%B2%81%E8%97%8F%E5%B8%83%E6%B1%9F" title="雅鲁藏布江">雅鲁藏布江</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E9%B2%81%E8%97%8F%E5%B8%83%E5%A4%A7%E5%B3%A1%E8%B0%B7" title="雅鲁藏布大峡谷">大峡谷</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BB%92%E5%B8%83%E5%86%B0%E5%B7%9D" title="绒布冰川">绒布冰川</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E8%97%8F%E9%AB%98%E5%8E%9F" title="青藏高原">青藏高原</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%8C%97%E9%AB%98%E5%8E%9F" title="藏北高原">羌塘</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E7%BE%8C%E5%A1%98%E5%9B%BD%E5%AE%B6%E7%BA%A7%E8%87%AA%E7%84%B6%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E5%8C%BA" title="羌塘国家级自然保护区">自然保护区</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Category:%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E5%B3%A1%E8%B0%B7&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Category:西藏峡谷（页面不存在）">峡谷</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">传统地区</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%89%E5%A4%9A%E5%9C%B0%E5%8C%BA" title="安多地区">安多地区</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%BA%B7%E5%8D%80" title="康區">康區</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A1%9B%E8%97%8F" title="衛藏">乌思藏</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB" class="mw-disambig" title="西藏政治">政治</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8C%BA" title="西藏自治区">西藏自治区</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8C%BA%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C" title="西藏自治区人民政府">政府</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E5%85%9A%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8C%BA%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="中国共产党西藏自治区委员会">党委</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8C%BA%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A" title="西藏自治区人民代表大会">人大</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8C%BA%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E4%BB%A3%E8%A1%A8%E5%A4%A7%E4%BC%9A%E5%B8%B8%E5%8A%A1%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="西藏自治区人民代表大会常务委员会">人大常委会</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%8D%8F%E5%95%86%E4%BC%9A%E8%AE%AE%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8C%BA%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="中国人民政治协商会议西藏自治区委员会">政协</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8C%BA%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%8B%E5%8A%9E%E5%85%AC%E5%AE%A4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西藏自治区外事办公室（页面不存在）">外事办</a></li></ul></li> <li>领导人 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="西藏君主列表">西藏君主</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%90%E8%95%83%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="吐蕃君主列表">吐蕃君主</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8C%BA%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E6%94%BF%E5%BA%9C%E4%B8%BB%E5%B8%AD" title="西藏自治区人民政府主席">自治区主席</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9B%BD%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A7%E5%85%9A%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8C%BA%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A" title="中国共产党西藏自治区委员会">自治区党委书记</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E4%BA%BA%E8%A1%8C%E6%94%BF%E4%B8%AD%E5%A4%AE" title="藏人行政中央">藏人行政中央</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E6%B5%81%E4%BA%A1%E8%AE%AE%E4%BC%9A" class="mw-redirect" title="西藏流亡议会">议会</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E7%9A%84%E5%90%8D%E7%A7%B0" title="西藏的名称">名称</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="西藏对外事务" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Foreign relations of Tibet"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E5%AF%B9%E5%A4%96%E4%BA%8B%E5%8A%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西藏对外事务（页面不存在）">对外关系</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Tibet" class="extiw" title="en:Foreign relations of Tibet"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Foreign relations of Tibet</span></a></span>）</span></span> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="檀越关系" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Patron and priest relationship"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%AA%80%E8%B6%8A%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="檀越关系（页面不存在）">檀越关系</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patron_and_priest_relationship" class="extiw" title="en:Patron and priest relationship"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Patron and priest relationship</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="藏印关系" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="India–Tibet relations"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%97%8F%E5%8D%B0%E5%85%B3%E7%B3%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="藏印关系（页面不存在）">藏印关系</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India%E2%80%93Tibet_relations" class="extiw" title="en:India–Tibet relations"><span lang="en" dir="auto">India–Tibet relations</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E6%83%85%E5%B1%80%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E9%A1%B9%E7%9B%AE" title="中情局西藏项目">中情局西藏项目</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E4%BA%BA%E6%9D%83" title="西藏人权">人权</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8FLGBT%E6%9D%83%E7%9B%8A" title="西藏LGBT权益">LGBT权益</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E7%8B%AC%E7%AB%8B%E8%BF%90%E5%8A%A8" title="西藏独立运动">藏独</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E5%86%9C%E5%A5%B4%E5%88%B6%E5%BA%A6" title="西藏农奴制度">农奴</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E9%97%AE%E9%A2%98" title="西藏问题">西藏问题</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E7%B6%93%E6%BF%9F" class="mw-redirect" title="西藏經濟">经济</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E9%83%B5%E6%94%BF%E5%8F%B2" title="西藏郵政史">邮票和邮政史</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E8%B4%A7%E5%B8%81%E5%8F%B2" title="西藏货币史">货币史</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%B8%81" title="藏币">藏币</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A" title="西藏交通">西藏交通</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E8%97%8F%E9%93%81%E8%B7%AF" title="青藏铁路">青藏铁路</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%9D%E8%97%8F%E9%93%81%E8%B7%AF" title="川藏铁路">川藏铁路</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E6%97%A5%E9%93%81%E8%B7%AF" title="拉日铁路">拉日铁路</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E6%9E%97%E9%93%81%E8%B7%AF" title="拉林铁路">拉林铁路</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E8%97%8F%E5%85%AC%E8%B7%AF" title="青藏公路">青藏公路</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%B7%9D%E8%97%8F%E5%85%AC%E8%B7%AF" title="川藏公路">川藏公路</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E8%90%A8%E8%B4%A1%E5%98%8E%E6%9C%BA%E5%9C%BA" class="mw-redirect" title="拉萨贡嘎机场">拉萨贡嘎机场</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E6%97%85%E6%B8%B8" title="西藏旅游">旅游业</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A4%BE%E6%9C%83" class="mw-redirect" title="社會">社會</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8C%BA#教育" title="西藏自治区">教育</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E8%AA%9E" title="藏語">语言</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8C%BA#宗教" title="西藏自治区">宗教</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%82%B3%E4%BD%9B%E6%95%99" title="藏傳佛教">藏傳佛教</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BE%BE%E8%B5%96%E5%96%87%E5%98%9B" title="达赖喇嘛">达赖喇嘛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%8F%AD%E7%A6%85%E9%A2%9D%E5%B0%94%E5%BE%B7%E5%B0%BC" title="班禅额尔德尼">班禅喇嘛</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%8B%89%E5%A7%86%E6%8B%89%E9%94%99" title="拉姆拉错">拉姆拉错</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%BD%89%E7%B6%93%E7%AD%92" title="轉經筒">轉經筒</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E7%85%A8%E6%A1%91" title="煨桑">煨桑</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E7%93%B6%E6%8E%A3%E7%B1%A4" title="金瓶掣籤">金瓶掣籤</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%8B%AF%E6%95%99" title="苯教">苯教</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E6%B1%89%E5%8C%96%E6%94%BF%E7%AD%96" title="西藏汉化政策">汉化</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E7%A4%BE%E4%BC%9A%E9%98%B6%E5%B1%82" title="西藏社会阶层">社会阶层</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%97%8F" title="藏族">藏族</a> <ul><li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="羌巴" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Changpa"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%BE%8C%E5%B7%B4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="羌巴（页面不存在）">羌巴</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Changpa" class="extiw" title="en:Changpa"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Changpa</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="由牧族" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="Yolmo"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%94%B1%E7%89%A7%E6%97%8F&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="由牧族（页面不存在）">由牧族</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yolmo" class="extiw" title="en:Yolmo"><span lang="en" dir="auto">Yolmo</span></a></span>）</span></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%A4%96%E8%97%8F%E4%BA%BA" title="海外藏人">海外藏人</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%97%8F%E4%BA%BA%E5%90%8D" title="藏族人名">姓名</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96" class="mw-redirect" title="西藏文化">文化</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E8%89%BA%E6%9C%AF" title="Category:西藏艺术">艺术</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%9B%86" title="藏曆">历法</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E8%8F%9C" title="西藏菜">饮食</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%97_(%E5%BB%BA%E7%AD%91)" title="宗 (建筑)">宗</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E5%9B%BD%E5%BE%BD" title="西藏国徽">国徽</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%97%8F%E8%8A%82%E6%97%A5" title="藏族节日">节日</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E9%9B%AA%E5%B1%B1%E7%8D%85%E5%AD%90%E6%97%97" title="雪山獅子旗">旗帜</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E8%87%AA%E6%B2%BB%E5%8C%BA%E5%A2%83%E5%86%85%E7%9A%84%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E9%87%8D%E7%82%B9%E6%96%87%E7%89%A9%E4%BF%9D%E6%8A%A4%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="西藏自治区境内的全国重点文物保护单位列表">全国重点文物保护单位</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%93%88%E8%BE%BE" title="哈达">哈达<small>(礼敬围巾)</small></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%97%8F%E6%96%87%E5%AD%A6" title="藏族文学">文学</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%90%E8%95%83%E5%A4%A7%E4%BA%8B%E7%BA%AA%E5%B9%B4" title="吐蕃大事纪年">吐蕃大事纪年</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%90%90%E8%95%83%E8%B4%8A%E6%99%AE%E5%82%B3%E8%A8%98" title="吐蕃贊普傳記">吐蕃贊普傳記</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E6%A0%BC%E8%90%A8%E5%B0%94%E7%8E%8B%E4%BC%A0" title="格萨尔王传">格萨尔王传</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E5%80%89%E5%A4%AE%E5%98%89%E6%8E%AA%E8%A9%A9%E6%AD%8C" title="倉央嘉措詩歌">倉央嘉措詩歌</a></li> <li><span class="ilh-all" data-orig-title="西藏作家列表" data-lang-code="en" data-lang-name="英语" data-foreign-title="List of Tibetan writers"><span class="ilh-page"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F%E4%BD%9C%E5%AE%B6%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西藏作家列表（页面不存在）">作家</a></span><span class="noprint ilh-comment">（<span class="ilh-lang">英语</span><span class="ilh-colon">：</span><span class="ilh-link"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Tibetan_writers" class="extiw" title="en:List of Tibetan writers"><span lang="en" dir="auto">List of Tibetan writers</span></a></span>）</span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E6%97%8F%E9%9F%B3%E4%B9%90" title="藏族音乐">音乐</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E5%AD%A6" title="藏学">藏学</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%E8%97%8F%E9%86%AB%E5%AD%B8" title="藏醫學">藏医</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E9%83%A8%E5%8C%BB%E5%85%B8" title="四部医典">四部医典</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px;font-weight:bold;"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:%E8%A5%BF%E8%97%8F" title="Category:西藏">分类</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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