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class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_no.wikipedia.org&uselang=nb" class=""><span>Doner</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Opprett_konto&returnto=Menneske" title="Du oppfordres til å opprette en konto og logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk" class=""><span>Opprett konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Logg_inn&returnto=Menneske" title="Du oppfordres til å logge inn, men det er ikke obligatorisk [o]" 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data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Innhold</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Til toppen)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Biologi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biologi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Biologi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Biologi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Biologi</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Biologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Beskrivelse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Beskrivelse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Beskrivelse</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Beskrivelse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Evolusjon_og_systematikk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Evolusjon_og_systematikk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Evolusjon og systematikk</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Evolusjon_og_systematikk-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Vis/skjul underseksjonen Evolusjon og systematikk</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Evolusjon_og_systematikk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Menneskets_plass_i_naturen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Menneskets_plass_i_naturen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Menneskets plass i naturen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Menneskets_plass_i_naturen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Klassifikasjon" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Klassifikasjon"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Klassifikasjon</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Klassifikasjon-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Spredning_av_mennesker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spredning_av_mennesker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Spredning av mennesker</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spredning_av_mennesker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Menneskeaper" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Menneskeaper"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Menneskeaper</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Menneskeaper-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Førmennesker_(Australopithecus)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Førmennesker_(Australopithecus)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Førmennesker (<i>Australopithecus</i>)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Førmennesker_(Australopithecus)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mennesker_(Homo)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mennesker_(Homo)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Mennesker (<i>Homo</i>)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mennesker_(Homo)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Menneske_(H._sapiens)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Menneske_(H._sapiens)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Menneske (<i>H. sapiens</i>)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Menneske_(H._sapiens)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referanser" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referanser"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Referanser</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referanser-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_lenker" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_lenker"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Eksterne lenker</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_lenker-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Innhold" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Vis/skjul innholdsfortegnelsen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Menneske</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gå til en artikkel på et annet språk. Tilgjengelig på 221 språk" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-221" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">221 språk</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menneske" title="Menneske – norsk nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Menneske" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norsk nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menneske" title="Menneske – dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Menneske" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A4nniska" title="Människa – svensk" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Människa" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menniskja" title="Menniskja – færøysk" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Menniskja" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="færøysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%C3%B0ur" title="Maður – islandsk" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Maður" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmerket artikkel-merke"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mens" title="Mens – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Mens" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mensch" title="Mensch – sveitsertysk" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Mensch" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="sveitsertysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%A8%E1%88%B0%E1%8B%8D_%E1%88%8D%E1%8C%85" title="የሰው ልጅ – amharisk" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="የሰው ልጅ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="amharisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="मनुष्य – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="मनुष्य" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86" title="إنسان – arabisk" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إنسان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hum%C3%A1n" title="Humán – aragonsk" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Humán" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%92%DC%AA_%DC%90%DC%A2%DC%AB%DC%90" title="ܒܪ ܐܢܫܐ – arameisk" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܒܪ ܐܢܫܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="arameisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omu" title="Omu – aromansk" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Omu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="aromansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B9" title="মানুহ – assamesisk" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="মানুহ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanu" title="Humanu – asturisk" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Humanu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iriniw" title="Iriniw – atikamekw" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Iriniw" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="atikamekw" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%88" title="मनई – avadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="मनई" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="avadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yvyp%C3%B3ra" title="Yvypóra – guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Yvypóra" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="ГӀадан – avarisk" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="ГӀадан" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="avarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaqi" title="Jaqi – aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Jaqi" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0nsan" title="İnsan – aserbajdsjansk" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İnsan" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86" title="اینسان – søraserbajdsjansk" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="اینسان" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="søraserbajdsjansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manusa" title="Manusa – balinesisk" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Manusa" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B7" title="মানুষ – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="মানুষ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manusia" title="Manusia – banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Manusia" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A2ng" title="Lâng – minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Lâng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menungsa" title="Menungsa – banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Menungsa" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B5" title="Кеше – basjkirsk" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Кеше" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="basjkirsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Чалавек – belarusisk" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Чалавек" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Чалавек – belarusisk (klassisk ortografi)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Чалавек" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="belarusisk (klassisk ortografi)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8" title="मानुस – bihari" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="मानुस" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="bihari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawo" title="Tawo – sentralbikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tawo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="sentralbikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Човек – bulgarsk" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Човек" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mensch" title="Mensch – bairisk" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Mensch" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="bairisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%82%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%98%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8D" title="འགྲོ་བ་མི། – tibetansk" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="འགྲོ་བ་མི།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Covjek" title="Čovjek – bosnisk" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Čovjek" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den" title="Den – bretonsk" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Den" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0_%D1%85%D2%AF%D0%BD" title="Ухаанта хүн – burjatisk" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Ухаанта хүн" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="burjatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="anbefalt artikkel-merke"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89sser_hum%C3%A0" title="Ésser humà – katalansk" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ésser humà" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87%D1%8B%D0%BD" title="Çын – tsjuvasjisk" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Çын" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tsjuvasjisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawo" title="Tawo – cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Tawo" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Clov%C4%9Bk_moudr%C3%BD" title="Člověk moudrý – tsjekkisk" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Člověk moudrý" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tsjekkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munhu" title="Munhu – shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Munhu" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munthu" title="Munthu – tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Munthu" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omu" title="Omu – korsikansk" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Omu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="korsikansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bod_dynol" title="Bod dynol – walisisk" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Bod dynol" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="walisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ninsala" title="Ninsala – dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Ninsala" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dagbanli</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%85" title="بنادم – marokkansk-arabisk" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="بنادم" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="marokkansk-arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olmmo%C5%A1" title="Olmmoš – nordsamisk" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Olmmoš" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="nordsamisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mensch" title="Mensch – tysk" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Mensch" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%81" title="मान्सु – doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="मान्सु" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inimene" title="Inimene – estisk" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Inimene" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%86%CE%BD%CE%B8%CF%81%CF%89%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Άνθρωπος – gresk" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Άνθρωπος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="gresk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="anbefalt artikkel-merke"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human" title="Human – engelsk" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Human" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C" title="Ломань – erzia" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Ломань" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="erzia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humano" title="Humano – spansk" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Humano" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo" title="Homo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Homo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="anbefalt artikkel-merke"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gizaki" title="Gizaki – baskisk" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gizaki" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86" title="انسان – persisk" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="انسان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insaan" title="Insaan – fijiansk hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Insaan" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="fijiansk hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homme_moderne" title="Homme moderne – fransk" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Homme moderne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="fransk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minske" title="Minske – vestfrisisk" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Minske" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="vestfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uman" title="Uman – friuliansk" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Uman" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="friuliansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duine" title="Duine – irsk" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Duine" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac_an_duine" title="Mac an duine – skotsk-gælisk" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Mac an duine" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="skotsk-gælisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ser_humano" title="Ser humano – galisisk" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ser humano" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Саг – ingusjisk" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="Саг" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="ingusjisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%BA" title="人 – gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="人" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-glk mw-list-item"><a href="https://glk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AF%D9%85" title="آدم – gileki" lang="glk" hreflang="glk" data-title="آدم" data-language-autonym="گیلکی" data-language-local-name="gileki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>گیلکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AE%E0%AA%A8%E0%AB%81%E0%AA%B7%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%AF" title="મનુષ્ય – gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="મનુષ્ય" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C3%ACn" title="Ngìn – hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Ngìn" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%82%AC%EB%9E%8C" title="사람 – koreansk" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="사람" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="koreansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C6%8Aan_Adam" title="Ɗan Adam – hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Ɗan Adam" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A4_%D5%A2%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="Մարդ բանական – armensk" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մարդ բանական" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="मनुष्य – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="मनुष्य" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Covjek" title="Čovjek – kroatisk" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Čovjek" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homo" title="Homo – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Homo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mad%E1%BB%A5%CC%80" title="Madụ̀ – ibo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Madụ̀" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="ibo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tao_(sebbangan)" title="Tao (sebbangan) – iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Tao (sebbangan)" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manusia" title="Manusia – indonesisk" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Manusia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esser_human" title="Esser human – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Esser human" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%90%84%E1%92%83" title="ᐄᒃ – inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᐄᒃ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%C3%A6%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Адæймаг – ossetisk" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Адæймаг" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="ossetisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abantu" title="Abantu – xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Abantu" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umuntu" title="Umuntu – zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Umuntu" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmerket artikkel-merke"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%93%D7%9D" title="אדם – hebraisk" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אדם" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebraisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manungsa" title="Manungsa – javanesisk" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Manungsa" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AE%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%B5" title="ಮಾನವ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಮಾನವ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tau" title="Tau – pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Tau" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ადამიანი – georgisk" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ადამიანი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%90%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86" title="اِنسان – kasjmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="اِنسان" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="kasjmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Адам – kasakhisk" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Адам" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasakhisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tus" title="Tus – kornisk" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Tus" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="kornisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binadamu" title="Binadamu – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Binadamu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82" title="Морт – komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Морт" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muntu" title="Muntu – kikongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Muntu" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="kikongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moun" title="Moun – haitisk" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Moun" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="haitisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mounit%C3%A9" title="Mounité – franskguyansk kreol" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Mounité" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="franskguyansk kreol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mirov" title="Mirov – kurdisk" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Mirov" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%88%D0%B8" title="Киши – kirgisisk" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Киши" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirgisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porsona" title="Porsona – ladinsk" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Porsona" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="ladinsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Инсан – lakisk" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Инсан" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="lakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%A1%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B8%E0%BA%94" title="ມະນຸດ – laotisk" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ມະນຸດ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laotisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cylv%C4%81ks" title="Cylvāks – latgallisk" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Cylvāks" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="latgallisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gens_humana" title="Gens humana – latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Gens humana" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cilv%C4%93ks" title="Cilvēks – latvisk" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Cilvēks" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="latvisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Кас – lesgisk" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Кас" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="lesgisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDmogus" title="Žmogus – litauisk" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Žmogus" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="litauisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Bse_uman" title="Ëse uman – ligurisk" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Ëse uman" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="ligurisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mins" title="Mins – limburgsk" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Mins" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburgsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moto" title="Moto – lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Moto" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umana" title="Umana – lingua franca nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Umana" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="lingua franca nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/remna" title="remna – lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="remna" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lg mw-list-item"><a href="https://lg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omuntu" title="Omuntu – ganda" lang="lg" hreflang="lg" data-title="Omuntu" data-language-autonym="Luganda" data-language-local-name="ganda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Luganda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ember" title="Ember – ungarsk" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ember" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungarsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%95" title="लोक – maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="लोक" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Човек – makedonsk" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Човек" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olombelona" title="Olombelona – gassisk" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Olombelona" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="gassisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B7%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%BB" title="മനുഷ്യൻ – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മനുഷ്യൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bniedem" title="Bniedem – maltesisk" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Bniedem" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="maltesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B5" title="मानव – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मानव" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ადამიერი – mingrelsk" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ადამიერი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="mingrelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86" title="انسان – egyptisk arabisk" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="انسان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="egyptisk arabisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AF%D9%85" title="آدم – mazandarani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="آدم" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manusia" title="Manusia – malayisk" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Manusia" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malayisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%83%EA%AF%A4%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%8F%EA%AF%95" title="ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕ – manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯃꯤꯑꯣꯏꯕ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manusia" title="Manusia – minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Manusia" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A8%CC%A4ng" title="Nè̤ng – mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Nè̤ng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houmano" title="Houmano – mirandesisk" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Houmano" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="mirandesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Ломанць – moksja" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Ломанць" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="moksja" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmerket artikkel-merke"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D2%AF%D0%BD" title="Хүн – mongolsk" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хүн" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongolsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B0%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="လူသား – burmesisk" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="လူသား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="burmesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tlacatl" title="Tlacatl – nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Tlacatl" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mens" title="Mens – nederlandsk" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Mens" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlandsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mense" title="Mense – nedersaksisk" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Mense" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="nedersaksisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B8" title="मानिस – nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="मानिस" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%82" title="मनू – newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="मनू" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%92%E3%83%88" title="ヒト – japansk" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ヒト" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC" title="Адам – tsjetsjensk" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Адам" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="tsjetsjensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minsk" title="Minsk – nordfrisisk" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Minsk" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="nordfrisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salan" title="Salan – pitkairnsk" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Salan" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="pitkairnsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88sser_uman" title="Èsser uman – oksitansk" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Èsser uman" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksitansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5" title="Айдеме – østmarisk" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Айдеме" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="østmarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%AE%E0%AC%A3%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%B7" title="ମଣିଷ – odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ମଣିଷ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="odia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nama" title="Nama – oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Nama" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Odam" title="Odam – usbekisk" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Odam" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbekisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96" title="ਮਨੁੱਖ – panjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਮਨੁੱਖ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8B" title="मनुस्सो – pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="मनुस्सो" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="pali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>पालि</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86" title="انسان – vestpunjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="انسان" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="vestpunjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hende" title="Hende – papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Hende" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86" title="انسان – pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="انسان" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuuman" title="Yuuman – jamaicansk kreolengelsk" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Yuuman" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="jamaicansk kreolengelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82" title="Морт – komipermjakisk" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Морт" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="komipermjakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%9F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F" title="មនុស្ស – khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="មនុស្ស" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92m" title="Òm – piemontesisk" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Òm" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minsch" title="Minsch – nedertysk" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Minsch" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="nedertysk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cz%C5%82owiek_rozumny" title="Człowiek rozumny – polsk" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Człowiek rozumny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="anbefalt artikkel-merke"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humano" title="Humano – portugisisk" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Humano" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugisisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insan" title="Insan – karakalpakisk" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Insan" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="karakalpakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minsh" title="Minsh – kølnsk" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Minsh" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="kølnsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Om" title="Om – rumensk" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Om" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manush" title="Manush – valakisk romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Manush" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="valakisk romani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Romani čhib</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uman" title="Uman – retoromansk" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Uman" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="retoromansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runa" title="Runa – quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Runa" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Человек – russisk" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Человек" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B8h%D0%B8" title="Киhи – sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Киhи" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/tademaw" title="tademaw – sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="tademaw" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="utmerket artikkel-merke"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83" title="मनुष्यः – sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="मनुष्यः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%A2%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ – santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱢᱟᱹᱱᱢᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bodie" title="Bodie – skotsk" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Bodie" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skotsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Njeriu" title="Njeriu – albansk" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Njeriu" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umanu" title="Umanu – siciliansk" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Umanu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%8F" title="මිනිසා – singalesisk" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="මිනිසා" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singalesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human" title="Human – enkel engelsk" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Human" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="enkel engelsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86" title="انسان – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="انسان" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Clovek_rozumn%C3%BD" title="Človek rozumný – slovakisk" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Človek rozumný" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovakisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Clovek" title="Človek – slovensk" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Človek" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czowjek" title="Czowjek – schlesisk" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Czowjek" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="schlesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dadyow" title="Dadyow – somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Dadyow" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B1%DB%86%DA%A4" title="مرۆڤ – sentralkurdisk" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مرۆڤ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sentralkurdisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Човек – serbisk" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Човек" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Covjek" title="Čovjek – serbokroatisk" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Čovjek" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbokroatisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manusa" title="Manusa – sundanesisk" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Manusa" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ihminen" title="Ihminen – finsk" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ihminen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tao" title="Tao – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Tao" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="மனிதர் – tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மனிதர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afgan" title="Afgan – tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Afgan" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taclḥit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afgan" title="Afgan – kabylsk" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Afgan" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="kabylsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8B_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B5" title="Акыллы кеше – tatarisk" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Акыллы кеше" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/squliq" title="squliq – atayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="squliq" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="atayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%81" title="మానవుడు – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మానవుడు" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C" title="มนุษย์ – thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มนุษย์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Инсон – tadsjikisk" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Инсон" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadsjikisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0nsan" title="İnsan – tyrkisk" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="İnsan" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="tyrkisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam" title="Adam – turkmensk" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Adam" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmensk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nnipa" title="Nnipa – twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Nnipa" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%CC%B1tyubishyi" title="A̱tyubishyi – tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="A̱tyubishyi" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9B%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Людина – ukrainsk" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Людина" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86" title="انسان – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="انسان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%95%D9%85" title="ئادەم – uigurisk" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئادەم" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="uigurisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vunz" title="Vunz – zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Vunz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ristit" title="Ristit – vepsisk" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Ristit" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="vepsisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di" title="Người – vietnamesisk" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Người" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inemine" title="Inemine – sørestisk" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Inemine" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="sørestisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Djin_(biyolodjeye)" title="Djin (biyolodjeye) – vallonsk" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Djin (biyolodjeye)" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="vallonsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%BA" title="人 – klassisk kinesisk" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="人" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="klassisk kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mens" title="Mens – vestflamsk" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Mens" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="vestflamsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawo" title="Tawo – waray-waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Tawo" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray-waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%BA" title="人 – wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="人" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanhu" title="Vanhu – tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Vanhu" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Xitsonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%A9" title="מענטש – jiddisk" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="מענטש" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="jiddisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%BB%8Cm%E1%BB%8Dn%C3%ACy%C3%A0n" title="Ọmọnìyàn – joruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ọmọnìyàn" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="joruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%BA" title="人 – kantonesisk" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="人" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merd%C4%B1m" title="Merdım – dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Merdım" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDmuogos" title="Žmuogos – samogitisk" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Žmuogos" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="samogitisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%BA" title="人 – kinesisk" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="人" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="kinesisk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manusia" title="Manusia – betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Manusia" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alak" title="Alak – mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Alak" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mensia" title="Mensia – iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Mensia" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manusia" title="Manusia – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Manusia" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kumoring</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inson" title="Inson – talysj" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Inson" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="talysj" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tolışi</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Rediger lenker til artikkelen på andre språk" class="wbc-editpage">Rediger lenker</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Navnerom"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Menneske" title="Vis innholdssiden [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Diskusjon:Menneske" rel="discussion" title="Diskusjon om innholdssiden [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Diskusjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Bytt språkvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">norsk bokmål</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visninger"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Menneske"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Menneske&veaction=edit" title="Rediger siden [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Rediger</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Menneske&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne siden [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kilde</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Menneske&action=history" title="Tidligere sideversjoner av denne siden [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Vis historikk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verktøy" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Verktøy</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Verktøy</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">skjul</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Flere alternativer" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Handlinger </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Menneske"><span>Les</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Menneske&veaction=edit" title="Rediger siden [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Rediger</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Menneske&action=edit" title="Rediger kildekoden for denne siden [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Rediger kilde</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Menneske&action=history"><span>Vis historikk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generelt </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Lenker_hit/Menneske" title="Liste over alle wikisider som lenker hit [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Lenker hit</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Relaterte_endringer/Menneske" rel="nofollow" title="Siste endringer i sider som blir lenket fra denne siden [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Relaterte endringer</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesial:Spesialsider" title="Liste over alle spesialsider [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Spesialsider</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Menneske&oldid=24786436" title="Permanent lenke til denne versjonen av siden"><span>Permanent lenke</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Menneske&action=info" title="Mer informasjon om denne siden"><span>Sideinformasjon</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:Siteringshjelp&page=Menneske&id=24786436&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasjon om hvordan denne siden kan siteres"><span>Siter denne siden</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fno.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMenneske"><span>Hent forkortet URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fno.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FMenneske"><span>Last ned QR-kode</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Skriv ut / eksporter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesial:DownloadAsPdf&page=Menneske&action=show-download-screen"><span>Last ned som PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Menneske&printable=yes" title="Utskriftsvennlig versjon av denne siden [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Utskriftsvennlig versjon</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> På andre prosjekter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-species mw-list-item"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Homo_sapiens" hreflang="en"><span>Wikispecies</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q5" title="Lenke til koblet dataregisterelement [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-element</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Sideverktøy"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Utseende"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Utseende</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">flytt til sidefeltet</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">skjul</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Fra Wikipedia, den frie encyklopedi</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="nb" dir="ltr"><div class="hatnote dablink noexcerpt">«Person» omdirigeres hit. For den grammatiske betydningen, se <a href="/wiki/Person_(grammatikk)" title="Person (grammatikk)">person (grammatikk)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24217415">.mw-parser-output .infoboks .taxobox-map-caption{width:220px;margin:0 auto;text-align:left;font-size:100%}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r24461009">.mw-parser-output .wb-edithandle{display:none;padding-left:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .wd-editable-show .wb-edithandle{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .wd-editable-hide .wb-edithandle{display:none}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks{float:right;border:1px solid #aaa;padding:3px;margin:0.5em 0em 1em 1em;background-color:#f9f9f9;vertical-align:top;text-align:left;font-size:88%}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.overskrift th{text-align:center;font-weight:bold;font-size:larger;border:none}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.bilde td{background-color:#fff;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;border:none}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks th{border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;text-align:center;padding-left:3px;padding-right:3px;padding-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks td{background-color:#efefef;border-bottom:1px solid #ccc;margin:4px;padding:3px}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.custom td{background:none;border:none}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.rad th{text-align:left;font-weight:bold;border:none;padding-left:3px;padding-right:3px;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.1em}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.rad td{text-align:left;font-weight:normal;border:none;padding-left:3px;padding-right:3px;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.1em;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.rad td.center{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.rad td.headercenter{text-align:center;font-weight:bold;border:none;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.1em;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.hode th{padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.1em}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.bilde td{text-align:center;font-weight:normal;border:none;padding-left:3px;padding-right:3px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output table.infoboks tr.overskrift td{text-align:center;font-weight:bold;background-color:#eee;border:none;padding-left:0px;padding-right:0px;padding-top:0.2em;padding-bottom:0.1em}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.geografi tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.biografi tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.transport tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bygning tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.infrastruktur tr.overskrift th{background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bred tr.overskrift td{font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.ekstrabred tr.overskrift td{font-size:larger}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bordered tr.rad th{border-bottom:1px solid #ccc}.mw-parser-output .infoboks.bordered tr.rad td{border-bottom:1px solid #ccc}</style><table class="infobox infoboks"><tbody><tr class="hode overskrift"><th colspan="4">Menneske </th></tr> <tr class="bilde"><td colspan="4" class="sentrert"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Anterior_view_of_human_female_and_male,_with_labels.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="210"><img alt="210" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Anterior_view_of_human_female_and_male%2C_with_labels.svg/250px-Anterior_view_of_human_female_and_male%2C_with_labels.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="265" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Anterior_view_of_human_female_and_male%2C_with_labels.svg/375px-Anterior_view_of_human_female_and_male%2C_with_labels.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Anterior_view_of_human_female_and_male%2C_with_labels.svg/500px-Anterior_view_of_human_female_and_male%2C_with_labels.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="4089" data-file-height="4334" /></a></span><div class="thumbcaption">Illustrasjonsbilde av kvinne og mann</div> </td></tr> <tr class="overskrift"><td colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Nomenklatur_(biologi)" title="Nomenklatur (biologi)">Nomenklatur</a></td></tr> <tr class="rad"><td colspan="4" class="center"><i>Homo sapiens</i><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Carl_von_Linn%C3%A9" title="Carl von Linné">L</a>, <a href="/wiki/1758" title="1758">1758</a></small> </td></tr> <tr class="overskrift"><td colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Synonym_(taksonomi)" title="Synonym (taksonomi)">Synonymi</a></td></tr> <tr class="rad"><td colspan="4" class="center"><i>Homo sapiens sapiens</i></td></tr><tr class="overskrift"><td colspan="4">Populærnavn</td></tr> <tr class="rad"><td colspan="4" class="">menneske</td></tr><tr class="overskrift"><td colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Biologisk_klassifikasjon" title="Biologisk klassifikasjon">Klassifikasjon</a></td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Rike</th><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Dyreriket" class="mw-redirect" title="Dyreriket">Dyreriket</a> </td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Rekke</th><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Ryggstrengdyr" title="Ryggstrengdyr">Ryggstrengdyr</a> </td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Klasse</th><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Pattedyr" title="Pattedyr">Pattedyr</a> </td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Orden</th><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Primater" title="Primater">Primater</a> </td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Overfamilie</th><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Menneskeaper" title="Menneskeaper">Menneskeaper</a> </td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Familie</th><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Hominidae" title="Hominidae">Store aper</a> </td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Slekt</th><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Menneskeslekten" title="Menneskeslekten">Menneskeslekten</a> </td></tr> <tr class="overskrift"><td colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Milj%C3%B8vern" title="Miljøvern">Miljøvern</a> </td></tr> <tr class="rad"><td colspan="4" class=""><b><a href="/wiki/IUCNs_r%C3%B8dliste" title="IUCNs rødliste">IUCNs rødliste</a>:</b> </td></tr> <tr class="rad"><td colspan="4" class="center"><small><b>ver 3.1</b></small> <figure class="mw-default-size noresize" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Status_iucn3.1_LC-no.svg/240px-Status_iucn3.1_LC-no.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Status_iucn3.1_LC-no.svg/360px-Status_iucn3.1_LC-no.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Status_iucn3.1_LC-no.svg/480px-Status_iucn3.1_LC-no.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="64" usemap="#ImageMap_89b5d059754cc37f" /></span><map name="ImageMap_89b5d059754cc37f"><area href="/wiki/IUCNs_r%C3%B8dliste" shape="circle" coords="23,47,16" alt="Utryddet" title="Utryddet" /><area href="/wiki/IUCNs_r%C3%B8dliste" shape="circle" coords="55,47,16" alt="Utryddet i vill tilstand" title="Utryddet i vill tilstand" /><area href="/wiki/IUCNs_r%C3%B8dliste" shape="circle" coords="87,47,16" alt="Kritisk truet" title="Kritisk truet" /><area href="/wiki/IUCNs_r%C3%B8dliste" shape="circle" coords="119,47,16" alt="Sterkt truet" title="Sterkt truet" /><area href="/wiki/IUCNs_r%C3%B8dliste" shape="circle" coords="150,47,16" alt="Sårbar" title="Sårbar" /><area href="/wiki/IUCNs_r%C3%B8dliste" shape="circle" coords="182,47,16" alt="Nær truet" title="Nær truet" /><area href="/wiki/IUCNs_r%C3%B8dliste" shape="circle" coords="213,47,16" alt="Livskraftig" title="Livskraftig" /></map><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>LC — <a href="/wiki/IUCNs_r%C3%B8dliste#Rødlistestatus:_versjon_3.1" title="IUCNs rødliste"> <i>Livskraftig</i></a> (Bestandøkende) <sup id="cite_ref-GMAT_(2008)_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GMAT_(2008)-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </td></tr><tr class="rad"><td colspan="4" class=""><b><a href="/wiki/Norsk_r%C3%B8dliste_for_arter" title="Norsk rødliste for arter">Norsk rødliste</a>:</b> </td></tr> <tr class="rad"><td colspan="4" class="center"><figure class="mw-default-size noresize" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Status_iucn3.1_reg-LC-no.svg/240px-Status_iucn3.1_reg-LC-no.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Status_iucn3.1_reg-LC-no.svg/360px-Status_iucn3.1_reg-LC-no.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Status_iucn3.1_reg-LC-no.svg/480px-Status_iucn3.1_reg-LC-no.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="240" data-file-height="64" usemap="#ImageMap_580fc9c023f640bf" /></span><map name="ImageMap_580fc9c023f640bf"><area href="/wiki/Norsk_r%C3%B8dliste_for_arter" shape="circle" coords="23,47,16" alt="Regionalt utryddet" title="Regionalt utryddet" /><area href="/wiki/Norsk_r%C3%B8dliste_for_arter" shape="circle" coords="55,47,16" alt="Regionalt utryddet i vill tilstand" title="Regionalt utryddet i vill tilstand" /><area href="/wiki/Norsk_r%C3%B8dliste_for_arter" shape="circle" coords="87,47,16" alt="Kritisk truet" title="Kritisk truet" /><area href="/wiki/Norsk_r%C3%B8dliste_for_arter" shape="circle" coords="119,47,16" alt="Sterkt truet" title="Sterkt truet" /><area href="/wiki/Norsk_r%C3%B8dliste_for_arter" shape="circle" coords="150,47,16" alt="Sårbar" title="Sårbar" /><area href="/wiki/Norsk_r%C3%B8dliste_for_arter" shape="circle" coords="182,47,16" alt="Nær truet" title="Nær truet" /><area href="/wiki/Norsk_r%C3%B8dliste_for_arter" shape="circle" coords="213,47,16" alt="Livskraftig" title="Livskraftig" /></map><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>LC — <a href="/wiki/Norsk_r%C3%B8dliste_for_arter#Nye_kategorier_og_kriterier" title="Norsk rødliste for arter"> <i>Livskraftig</i></a> (Bestandøkende) <br /><small><a href="/wiki/Artsdatabanken" title="Artsdatabanken">Artsdatabanken</a> (2021)</small> </p> </td></tr> <tr class="overskrift"><td colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/%C3%98kologi" title="Økologi">Økologi</a> </td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Habitat" title="Habitat">Habitat</a>: </th><td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Terrestrisk" title="Terrestrisk">terrestrisk</a> </td></tr><tr class="rad"><th colspan="2">Utbredelse: </th><td colspan="2">global </td></tr> <tr class="overskrift"><td colspan="4">Inndelt i</td></tr> <tr class="rad"> <td colspan="4"> <ul><li>? <i><a href="/wiki/Homo_denisova" title="Homo denisova">H. s. denisova</a></i></li> <li>† <i><a href="/wiki/Homo_sapiens_idaltu" title="Homo sapiens idaltu">H. s. idaltu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Homo_sapiens_sapiens" class="mw-redirect" title="Homo sapiens sapiens">H. s. sapiens</a></i></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Menneske</b> (<i>Homo sapiens</i>)<sup id="cite_ref-naob_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-naob-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> er en <a href="/wiki/Art" title="Art">art</a> med tobeinte <a href="/wiki/Primater" title="Primater">primater</a> (<i>Primates</i>) i familien av <a href="/wiki/Hominidae" title="Hominidae">store aper</a> (Hominidae) og tilhører <a href="/wiki/Menneskeslekten" title="Menneskeslekten">menneskeslekten</a> (<i>Homo</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-Goodman_''et_al.''_(1990)_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Goodman_''et_al.''_(1990)-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Myers_''et_al.''_(2017)_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Myers_''et_al.''_(2017)-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Det vitenskapelige navnet kommer fra <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">latin</a> og betyr «det tenkende mennesket».<sup id="cite_ref-naob_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-naob-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nålevende mennesker tilhører underarten <i>H. s. sapiens</i>, alle tidligere underarter av vår art er dødd ut eller absorbert i den moderne befolkningen.<sup id="cite_ref-Australian_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Australian-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Menneske kan være både <a href="/wiki/Prim%C3%A6rkonsument" class="mw-redirect" title="Primærkonsument">primærkonsument</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sekund%C3%A6rkonsument" class="mw-redirect" title="Sekundærkonsument">sekundærkonsument</a>, <a href="/wiki/Terti%C3%A6rkonsument" class="mw-redirect" title="Tertiærkonsument">tertiærkonsument</a> og <a href="/wiki/Toppkonsument" title="Toppkonsument">toppkonsument</a> i en <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A6ringskjede" title="Næringskjede">næringskjede</a>. </p><p>Karakteristisk for mennesker er artens kombinasjon av å gå på to bein (<a href="/wiki/Bipedalisme" title="Bipedalisme">tobeint</a>), <a href="/wiki/Tilpasning_(biologi)" title="Tilpasning (biologi)">tilpasningsevne</a> (som <a href="/wiki/Kl%C3%A6r" title="Klær">klær</a> og <a href="/wiki/Verkt%C3%B8y" title="Verktøy">verktøy</a>), fin<a href="/wiki/Motorikk" title="Motorikk">motorikk</a> (hender og fingre), evne til å tenke <a href="/wiki/Abstraksjon" title="Abstraksjon">abstrakt</a> (å vise <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B8lelser" title="Følelser">følelser</a> og <a href="/wiki/Empati" title="Empati">empati</a> [medfølelse]), skjelne årsakssammenheng (<a href="/wiki/Kausalitet" title="Kausalitet">kausalitet</a>), tolke <a href="/wiki/Spr%C3%A5k" title="Språk">språk</a> og <a href="/wiki/Symbol" title="Symbol">symboler</a> og eventuelt <a href="/wiki/Selvbevissthet" title="Selvbevissthet">selvbevissthet</a>. Ingen av disse egenskapene er egentlig unike for mennesker individuelt, men finnes også i ulike <a href="/wiki/Dyr" title="Dyr">dyrearter</a> – fra <a href="/wiki/Insekt" class="mw-redirect" title="Insekt">insekter</a> til andre primater og <a href="/wiki/Hvaler" title="Hvaler">hvaler</a>. Sammen har de satt mennesket i stand til å utvikle <a href="/wiki/Samfunn" title="Samfunn">samfunn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Filosofi" title="Filosofi">filosofi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Religion" title="Religion">religion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vitenskap" title="Vitenskap">vitenskap</a>, <a href="/wiki/Teknologi" title="Teknologi">teknologi</a> og <a href="/wiki/Kunst" title="Kunst">kunst</a>. </p><p>Mennesker har utviklet seg i forhold til andre arter og har over tid kommet til å dominere utviklingen på <a href="/wiki/Planet" title="Planet">planeten</a> <a href="/wiki/Jorden" title="Jorden">Jorden</a>. Som et sosialt vesen har dets strukturer for <a href="/wiki/Sivilisasjon" title="Sivilisasjon">sivilisasjon</a> og <a href="/wiki/Samfunn" title="Samfunn">samfunn</a> blitt styrt ved hjelp av <a href="/wiki/Politikk" title="Politikk">politikk</a>, dens <a href="/wiki/Kultur" title="Kultur">kultur</a> og oppfatning av omverdenen ved hjelp av fenomener som religion, filosofi og vitenskapelig utvikling. Gjennom språket har arten også kunnet dokumentere funn, oppdagelser, <a href="/wiki/Oppfinnelse" title="Oppfinnelse">oppfinnelser</a> og sin egen historie. </p><p>Studiet av mennesker er vanligvis delt inn i ulike fagområder. Studiet av mennesker kalles <a href="/wiki/Antropologi" title="Antropologi">antropologi</a> og studiet av <a href="/wiki/Menneskets_evolusjon" title="Menneskets evolusjon">menneskelig evolusjon</a> kalles <a href="/wiki/Paleoantropologi" title="Paleoantropologi">paleoantropologi</a>. Studiet av menneskelig <a href="/wiki/Atferd" title="Atferd">atferd</a> kan gjøres innenfor <a href="/wiki/Psykologi" title="Psykologi">psykologi</a> og <a href="/wiki/Sosiologi" title="Sosiologi">sosiologi</a>, mens studiet basert på nøytrale <a href="/wiki/Etologi" class="mw-redirect" title="Etologi">etologiske</a> perspektiver (<a href="/wiki/Atferdsbiologi" title="Atferdsbiologi">atferdsbiologi</a>) kalles <a href="/wiki/Humanetologi" title="Humanetologi">humanetologi</a>. Studiet av menneskelig språk kalles <a href="/wiki/Lingvistikk" title="Lingvistikk">lingvistikk</a>. Studiet av menneskers <a href="/wiki/Helse" title="Helse">helse</a> og mer kalles menneskelig <a href="/wiki/Medisin" title="Medisin">medisin</a>, og studiet av dens kropp kan beskrives i <a href="/wiki/Menneskets_anatomi" title="Menneskets anatomi">menneskelig anatomi</a> og <a href="/wiki/Fysiologi" title="Fysiologi">fysiologi</a>. Menneskelig <a href="/wiki/Formering" title="Formering">reproduksjon</a> er relatert til både <a href="/wiki/Genetikk" title="Genetikk">genetikk</a> og <a href="/wiki/Seksualitet" title="Seksualitet">seksualitet</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biologi">Biologi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Menneske&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Rediger avsnitt: Biologi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Menneske&action=edit&section=1" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Biologi"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Det moderne mennesket har mulighet for å bruke <a href="/wiki/Spr%C3%A5k" title="Språk">språk</a> på et meget høyt nivå, og har en høyt utviklet <a href="/wiki/Hjerne" title="Hjerne">hjerne</a> som er i stand til utstrakt abstrakt <a href="/wiki/Tenkning" class="mw-redirect" title="Tenkning">tenkning</a> og <a href="/wiki/Bevissthet" title="Bevissthet">bevissthet</a>. Denne mentale kapasiteten, kombinert med en oppreist kroppsholdning som frigjør dets øvre lemmer til andre aktiviteter enn gange, har gjort mennesket i stand til å bruke <a href="/wiki/Verkt%C3%B8y" title="Verktøy">verktøy</a> i større grad enn noen annen kjent dyreart. <a href="/wiki/DNA" title="DNA">DNA</a>-baserte beviser indikerer at moderne mennesker oppstod i <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Afrika</a> for omtrent 200 000 år siden.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mennesker befolker nå samtlige kontinenter og har per 2022 en total populasjon på over 7.8 milliarder individer.<sup id="cite_ref-popclock_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-popclock-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Studiet av mennesket skjer både i <a href="/wiki/Naturvitenskap" title="Naturvitenskap">naturvitenskapene</a> (<a href="/wiki/Humanbiologi" title="Humanbiologi">humanbiologi</a>), <a href="/wiki/Samfunnsvitenskap" title="Samfunnsvitenskap">samfunnsvitenskapene</a> (<a href="/wiki/Antropologi" title="Antropologi">antropologi</a>) og <a href="/wiki/Medisin" title="Medisin">medisin</a> (inkl. <a href="/wiki/Psykologi" title="Psykologi">psykologi</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Beskrivelse">Beskrivelse</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Menneske&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Rediger avsnitt: Beskrivelse" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Menneske&action=edit&section=2" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Beskrivelse"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="utdypende-artikkel" style="padding-left:2em; font-style: italic;"> <p>Utdypende artikkel: <a href="/wiki/Menneskets_anatomi" title="Menneskets anatomi">menneskets anatomi</a> </p> </div> <p>Et voksent menneske har ca. 1,8 m² <a href="/wiki/Hud" title="Hud">hud</a>, 32 tenner, ca. 600 <a href="/wiki/Muskler" class="mw-redirect" title="Muskler">muskler</a>, 206 <a href="/wiki/Knokkel" class="mw-redirect" title="Knokkel">knokler</a>, over 100 ledd, 90 000 km <a href="/wiki/Blod%C3%A5re" title="Blodåre">blodårer</a> samt 13 milliarder <a href="/wiki/Nervecelle" class="mw-redirect" title="Nervecelle">nerveceller</a>. Mennesket har 4–6 liter <a href="/wiki/Blod" title="Blod">blod</a> som inneholder omtrent 25 billioner <a href="/wiki/R%C3%B8dt_blodlegeme" class="mw-redirect" title="Rødt blodlegeme">røde blodlegemer</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hjerne" title="Hjerne">Hjernen</a> veier gjennomsnittlig 1 350 gram. Mennesket har opp til 5 millioner hår, like mange som en sjimpanse eller gorilla. I motsetning til hos dem, er kroppshårene hos menneske tynne og kortvokste, slik at mennesket framstår som nakent i forhold til sine slektninger. </p><p>Mennesket er en svært variabel art. Gjennomsnittsvekten på voksne individer varierer mellom 40 kg hos noen tropiske folkeslag til opp mot 70 kg hos enkelte nordlige grupper. Størrelsesforskjellen på kjønnene er omkring 20 %, større enn hos sjimpanse, men mindre enn det vi finner hos <a href="/wiki/Gorilla" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorilla">gorilla</a> og <a href="/wiki/Orangutang" class="mw-redirect" title="Orangutang">orangutang</a>. </p><p>Med unntak av ryggsøylen og den store hjerneskallen er menneskekroppen lite spesialisert, og likner den vi finner hos de fleste <a href="/wiki/Primater" title="Primater">primater</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Øynene er foroverrettet. Tannsettet er noe redusert i forhold til primitive pattedyr, og mangler de lange hjørnetennene som er vanlig for øvrige primater. Hele tannarden er relativt liten og tilbaketrukket i forhold til slektningene, slik at den nederste del av <a href="/wiki/Underkjeve" title="Underkjeve">underkjeven</a> stikker fram som en hake. Dette er trolig en tilpasning til å spise mat som må tygges «sideveis», slik som frø og røtter. Fordøyelsessystemet er ganske enkelt og mangler tilpasninger for mer næringsfattig kost slik vi finner det hos gressetere. Som andre <a href="/wiki/Primater" title="Primater">primater</a> har mennesket relativt lite spesialiserte lemmer med fem fingre/tær på hver ekstremitet og kragebein.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Menneskets føtter er tilpasset til å gå på hele fotsålen (sålegjenger), og mangler tilpasning til klatring slik vi finner hos andre primater. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Evolusjon_og_systematikk">Evolusjon og systematikk</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Menneske&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Rediger avsnitt: Evolusjon og systematikk" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Menneske&action=edit&section=3" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Evolusjon og systematikk"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi">Biologisk</a> sett utgjør helheten av alle mennesker en <a href="/wiki/Art" title="Art">art</a>. Denne ga <a href="/wiki/Carl_von_Linn%C3%A9" title="Carl von Linné">Linné</a> det <a href="/wiki/Nomenklatur_(biologi)" title="Nomenklatur (biologi)">vitenskapelige navnet</a> <i>Homo sapiens</i> (<a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">latin</a>: i betydningen «det kloke mennesket»). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Menneskets_plass_i_naturen">Menneskets plass i naturen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Menneske&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Rediger avsnitt: Menneskets plass i naturen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Menneske&action=edit&section=4" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Menneskets plass i naturen"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Menneskets plass i naturen har fra oldtiden av vært et stridstema. I mange religioner, eksempelvis <a href="/wiki/%C3%85satru" title="Åsatru">åsatru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gresk_mytologi" title="Gresk mytologi">gresk mytologi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kristendom" title="Kristendom">kristendom</a> og <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">islam</a> blir mennesket beskrevet som en skapning som er skapt (eller har oppstått) spesielt og løsrevet fra den øvrige naturen. Likevel er likhetene med andre levende organismer ikke til å overse, og allerede <a href="/wiki/Aristoteles" title="Aristoteles">Aristoteles</a> grupperte mennesket i <a href="/wiki/Dyreriket" class="mw-redirect" title="Dyreriket">dyreriket</a>. </p><p>Linné plasserte i sitt verk <i><a href="/wiki/Systema_Naturae" class="mw-redirect" title="Systema Naturae">Systema Naturae</a></i> menneskene blant herredyrene (<a href="/wiki/Primater" title="Primater">primater</a>), i samme biologiske slekt som <a href="/wiki/Sjimpanse" title="Sjimpanse">sjimpanse</a> og <a href="/wiki/Orangutang" class="mw-redirect" title="Orangutang">orangutang</a>. Denne plasseringen var omstridt i hans samtid, men på forespørsel fra <a href="/wiki/Biskop" title="Biskop">biskopen</a> i <a href="/wiki/Uppsala" title="Uppsala">Uppsala</a>, skrev han: <i>Jeg kan ikke se at det er noen generiske forskjeller</i>. Med «generisk» viste han til de egenskapene som skiller en slekt (<i>genus</i> på <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">latin</a>) fra en annen. Ideen om mennesket som en primat har holdt stand også i lys av de siste to hundre års forskning. Med <a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Charles Darwins</a> <a href="/wiki/Evolusjonsteori" title="Evolusjonsteori">evolusjonsteori</a> fikk man for første gang en etterprøvbar <a href="/wiki/Teori" title="Teori">teori</a> om stamtrær og slektskap, og menneskets fortid er i dag ganske godt beskrevet gjennom <a href="/wiki/Fossil" title="Fossil">fossilfunn</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Klassifikasjon">Klassifikasjon</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Menneske&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Rediger avsnitt: Klassifikasjon" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Menneske&action=edit&section=5" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Klassifikasjon"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rike_(biologi)" title="Rike (biologi)">Rike</a>: <a href="/wiki/Animalia_(taksonomisk_inndeling)" class="mw-redirect" title="Animalia (taksonomisk inndeling)">Animalia</a> (dyreriket) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rekke_(biologi)" title="Rekke (biologi)">Rekke</a>: <a href="/wiki/Chordata" class="mw-redirect" title="Chordata">Chordata</a> (ryggstrengdyr) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Klasse_(biologi)" title="Klasse (biologi)">Klasse</a>: <a href="/wiki/Mammalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Mammalia">Mammalia</a> (pattedyr) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orden_(biologi)" title="Orden (biologi)">Orden</a>: <a href="/wiki/Primates" class="mw-redirect" title="Primates">Primates</a> (primater) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Familie_(biologi)" title="Familie (biologi)">Familie</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hominidae" title="Hominidae">Hominidae</a> (store aper) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slekt_(biologi)" title="Slekt (biologi)">Slekt</a>: <i><a href="/wiki/Mennesker" class="mw-redirect" title="Mennesker">Homo</a></i> (menneskeslekten) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Art" title="Art">Art</a>: <i>H. sapiens</i> (menneske) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Underart" title="Underart">Underart</a>: <i>H. s. sapiens</i> (det moderne mennesket)</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <p>Menneske hører også med i en rekke <a href="/wiki/Gruppe_(biologi)" title="Gruppe (biologi)">grupper</a> som faller mellom de formelle kategoriene, slik som infraordenen <a href="/wiki/H%C3%B8yere_aper" title="Høyere aper">høyere aper</a>, underklassen <a href="/wiki/Placentale_pattedyr" title="Placentale pattedyr">placentale pattedyr</a>, overklassen <a href="/wiki/Amniondyr" class="mw-redirect" title="Amniondyr">amniondyr</a>, overrekken <a href="/wiki/Deuterostomier" title="Deuterostomier">deuterostomier</a>, gruppene <a href="/wiki/Opisthokonta" title="Opisthokonta">opisthokonter</a> og <a href="/wiki/Eukaryoter" title="Eukaryoter">eukaryoter</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Spredning_av_mennesker">Spredning av mennesker</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Menneske&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Rediger avsnitt: Spredning av mennesker" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Menneske&action=edit&section=6" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Spredning av mennesker"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Spreading_homo_sapiens.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Spreading_homo_sapiens.svg/400px-Spreading_homo_sapiens.svg.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Spreading_homo_sapiens.svg/600px-Spreading_homo_sapiens.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Spreading_homo_sapiens.svg/800px-Spreading_homo_sapiens.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3812" data-file-height="2247" /></a><figcaption> Kart som viser hovedtrekkene i spredning av moderne menneske fra Afrika.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rød farge angir <i>Homo sapiens sapiens</i>, oransje <a href="/wiki/Neandertaler" class="mw-redirect" title="Neandertaler">neandertalere</a> og grønn <i><a href="/wiki/Homo_erectus" title="Homo erectus">Homo erectus</a></i>. Tallene viser hvor lenge siden menneskene først ankom forskjellige områder. Siden dette kartet ble laget i 2000, har det skjedd en stor utvikling i forståelsen av menneskenes vandringer</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:World_map_of_prehistoric_human_migrations.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/World_map_of_prehistoric_human_migrations.jpg/400px-World_map_of_prehistoric_human_migrations.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="286" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/World_map_of_prehistoric_human_migrations.jpg/600px-World_map_of_prehistoric_human_migrations.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/World_map_of_prehistoric_human_migrations.jpg/800px-World_map_of_prehistoric_human_migrations.jpg 2x" data-file-width="889" data-file-height="635" /></a><figcaption> Tilsvarende kart basert på <a href="/wiki/Mitokondrier" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitokondrier">mitokondrie-DNA</a>. Tallene er tusen år, bokstavene viser til forskjellige genetiske markører.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Menneskeaper">Menneskeaper</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Menneske&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Rediger avsnitt: Menneskeaper" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Menneske&action=edit&section=7" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Menneskeaper"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Blant menneskeapene er <a href="/wiki/Sjimpanser" title="Sjimpanser">sjimpanser</a> menneskets nærmeste slektninger. Inntil for om lag 12 millioner år siden delte menneskene sin <a href="/wiki/Evolusjon" title="Evolusjon">evolusjonære</a> historie med <a href="/wiki/Sjimpanse" title="Sjimpanse">sjimpansene</a> og <a href="/wiki/Gorilla" class="mw-redirect" title="Gorilla">gorilla</a>. Mennesket og sjimpansene har hatt en komplisert artsdannelsesprosess fra 8 til 4 millioner år siden, der populasjoner ser ut til å ha skilt lag for så å blande seg igjen i flere omganger.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Etter dette «skilte de lag», dvs. at menneskene fikk en stamform som de ikke deler med andre <a href="/wiki/Menneskeaper" title="Menneskeaper">menneskeaper</a>. Det finnes flere <a href="/wiki/Fossil" title="Fossil">fossiler</a> som er kandidat til stamformen til menneske og sjimpanser, men disse er svært fragmentariske og det er per i dag usikkert nøyaktig hvem som representerer våre forfedre, sjimpansens forfedre og utdødde sidegreiner. Det finnes derimot godt med fossilt materiale fra utdødde arter som står nærmere mennesker enn andre aper, slik som <i><a href="/wiki/Australopithecus_afarensis" title="Australopithecus afarensis">Australopithecus afarensis</a></i> og <i><a href="/wiki/Homo_erectus" title="Homo erectus">Homo erectus</a></i>. </p><p>Noen av disse er utdødde sidegrener, som vil si at de ikke etterlot seg avkom som har overlevd til i dag. Andre er menneskenes direkte stamformer. Disse er ikke i egentlig forstand «<a href="/wiki/Utd%C3%B8ing" class="mw-redirect" title="Utdøing">dødd ut</a>» (fordi de jo har etterlatt seg avkom), men har gjennomgått så store endringer at de ikke lenger er gjenkjennelige, såkalte <a href="/w/index.php?title=Krono-arter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Krono-arter (ikke skrevet ennå)">krono-arter</a>. For mange av disse <a href="/wiki/Fossil" title="Fossil">fossile</a> artene er imidlertid statusen usikker. Det vil si at man ikke med sikkerhet vet om de representerte en sidegren, eller om de kan ha bidratt med avkom til nåtidens menneskeart. Hva som har utgjort arter og hva som bare har vært variasjoner innfor en gruppe er også usikkert. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Førmennesker_(Australopithecus)"><span id="F.C3.B8rmennesker_.28Australopithecus.29"></span>Førmennesker (<i>Australopithecus</i>)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Menneske&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Rediger avsnitt: Førmennesker (Australopithecus)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Menneske&action=edit&section=8" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Førmennesker (Australopithecus)"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Noen av <i><a href="/wiki/Australopithecus" title="Australopithecus">Australopithecus</a></i>-artene, som levde for 4,2–1,2 millioner år siden, er f.eks. med sikkerhet sidegrener (bl.a. <i>A. boisei</i> og <i>A. robustus</i>), andre kan ha vært menneskenes stamformer (bl.a. <i>A. anamensis</i> og <i>A. afarensis</i>). De mindre robuste <i>A. afarensis</i> og <i>A. africanus</i> er vanligvis regnet som de linjene som leder til slekten <a href="/wiki/Menneskeslekten" title="Menneskeslekten">menneskeslekten</a>. Slekten <i>Homo</i> oppsto med bruk av de første steinredskapene for rundt 2,5 millioner år siden, men <i>Australopithecus</i> fortsatte å eksistere. De yngste restene vi kjenner av denne slekten er rundt 1,2 millioner år gamle.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mennesker_(Homo)"><span id="Mennesker_.28Homo.29"></span>Mennesker (<i>Homo</i>)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Menneske&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Rediger avsnitt: Mennesker (Homo)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Menneske&action=edit&section=9" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Mennesker (Homo)"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gjennom tidene har det vært flere teorier om det moderne menneskets opprinnelse. I dag er de fleste forskere enige om at moderne <i>Homo sapiens</i> ble utviklet på den <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">afrikanske</a> <a href="/wiki/Savanne" title="Savanne">savannen</a> for mellom 200 000 og 150 000 år siden. For om lag 100 000 år siden vandret grupper ut fra Afrika og spredte seg, først i tropiske strøk, og for kanskje så mye som 70 000 år siden begynte de også å besette kaldere områder. I prosessen delvis fortrengte de, delvis blandet seg med tidligere utvandringsbølger (<a href="/wiki/Neandertalere" title="Neandertalere">neandertalere</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denisovere" class="mw-redirect" title="Denisovere">denisovere</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Homo_erectus" title="Homo erectus">Homo erectus</a></i>).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mennesket nådde polare områder for rundt 15 000 år siden og nådde derved de amerikanske kontinentene via Sibir. I dag er mennesket naturlig utbredt på alle kontinenter utenom Antarktis. Etter hvert som mennesket spredte seg, fortrengte det de tidligere menneskeartene, neandertalere i Europa, Mapa-folket i Asia, <i>Homo erectus</i> i Sørøst-Asia og <i><a href="/wiki/Homo_floresiensis" title="Homo floresiensis">Homo floresiensis</a></i> på øya <a href="/wiki/Flores_(Indonesia)" title="Flores (Indonesia)">Flores</a>. </p><p>Den første representanten for nåtidsmennesket er i Europa <a href="/wiki/Cro-Magnon-mennesket" title="Cro-Magnon-mennesket">Cro-Magnon-mennesket</a>, oppkalt etter et funnsted i <a href="/wiki/Frankrike" title="Frankrike">Frankrike</a>. Der fant man de første restene etter disse menneskene i <a href="/wiki/1868" title="1868">1868</a>. Cro-Magnon spredte seg trolig inn i Europa for omkring 45 000 år siden. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Menneske_(H._sapiens)"><span id="Menneske_.28H._sapiens.29"></span>Menneske (<i>H. sapiens</i>)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Menneske&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Rediger avsnitt: Menneske (H. sapiens)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Menneske&action=edit&section=10" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Menneske (H. sapiens)"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fil:Human_mandible_mental_protuberance.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Human_mandible_mental_protuberance.jpg/250px-Human_mandible_mental_protuberance.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Human_mandible_mental_protuberance.jpg/375px-Human_mandible_mental_protuberance.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Human_mandible_mental_protuberance.jpg/500px-Human_mandible_mental_protuberance.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2029" data-file-height="1669" /></a><figcaption>Underkjeve av moderne menneske, med <i>protuberantia mentalis</i>, en opphevet søm mellom kjevealvdelene</figcaption></figure> <p>Man regner i dag med kun én nålevende <a href="/wiki/Underart" title="Underart">underart</a> av mennesket, nåtidsmennesket <i>Homo sapiens sapiens</i>. Utdødde underarter inkluderer <i><a href="/wiki/Homo_sapiens_idaltu" title="Homo sapiens idaltu">Homo sapiens idaltu</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Omo-levningene" title="Omo-levningene">Omo-levningene</a> og skjelettene fra <a href="/wiki/Qafzehgrotten" title="Qafzehgrotten">Qafzehgrotten</a> i Israel. Det eksisterer imidlertid ikke en enhetlig taksonomi som alle er enige i.<sup id="cite_ref-dawkins_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dawkins-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Disse funnene kan være vanskelige å skille fra eldre slekninger av vår art, men alle har en trekantet forhøyning midt på underkjeven som utgjør haken hos moderne mennesker. Eldre <i>Homo</i>-arter mangler dette tydelige trekket.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Tidligere delte antropologer mennesket inn i <a href="/wiki/Rase" title="Rase">raser</a>, men det har man sluttet med (se <a href="/wiki/Menneskeraser" class="mw-redirect" title="Menneskeraser">menneskeraser</a>). Menneskelig variasjon eksisterer (se <a href="#Menneskets_kropp">menneskets kropp</a>), men av politiske og etiske årsaker, spesielt på grunn av misbruk av <a href="/wiki/Rasebiologi" title="Rasebiologi">rasebiologien</a> på første halvdel av <a href="/wiki/1900-tallet" class="mw-redirect" title="1900-tallet">1900-tallet</a>, har man altså sluttet med å dele inn mennesket i annet enn <a href="/wiki/Etnisitet" title="Etnisitet">etnisitet</a>.</p><div style="clear:both"></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referanser">Referanser</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Menneske&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Rediger avsnitt: Referanser" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Menneske&action=edit&section=11" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Referanser"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-GMAT_(2008)-1"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GMAT_(2008)_1-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Global Mammal Assessment Team. 2008. <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2008.RLTS.T136584A4313662.en">Homo sapiens</a></i>. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2008: e.T136584A4313662.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-naob-2"><b>^</b> <a href="#cite_ref-naob_2-0"><sup>a</sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-naob_2-1"><sup>b</sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://naob.no/ordbok/homo_sapiens">«homo sapiens»</a>, <i>NAOB</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Goodman_''et_al.''_(1990)-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Goodman_''et_al.''_(1990)_3-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Goodman M, Tagle D, Fitch D, Bailey W, Czelusniak J, Koop B, Benson P, Slightom J (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_journal-of-molecular-evolution_1990-03_30_3/page/260">«Primate evolution at the DNA level and a classification of hominoids»</a>. <i>J Mol Evol</i>. 30 (3): 260–266. <a class="external mw-magiclink-pmid" rel="nofollow" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2109087?dopt=Abstract">PMID 2109087</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AMenneske&rft.atitle=Primate+evolution+at+the+DNA+level+and+a+classification+of+hominoids&rft.au=Goodman+M%2C+Tagle+D%2C+Fitch+D%2C+Bailey+W%2C+Czelusniak+J%2C+Koop+B%2C+Benson+P%2C+Slightom+J&rft.date=1990&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=J+Mol+Evol&rft.pages=260-266&rft.volume=30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_journal-of-molecular-evolution_1990-03_30_3%2Fpage%2F260&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">CS1-vedlikehold: Flere navn: forfatterliste (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:CS1-vedlikehold:_Flere_navn:_forfatterliste" title="Kategori:CS1-vedlikehold: Flere navn: forfatterliste">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Myers_''et_al.''_(2017)-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Myers_''et_al.''_(2017)_4-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Myers, P., R. Espinosa, C. S. Parr, T. Jones, G. S. Hammond, and T. A. Dewey. 2017. The Animal Diversity Web (online). Accessed at <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://animaldiversity.org">http://animaldiversity.org</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Australian-5"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Australian_5-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://australianmuseum.net.au/homo-sapiens-modern-humans">«Homo sapiens – Modern humans»</a>, <i>Australian museum</i> 30. oktober 2015</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071015030431/http://www.mnh.si.edu/anthro/humanorigins/ha/sap.htm">Homo sapiens</a>, <i>The Smithsonian Institution</i>, Human Origins Program. Arkivert fra <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://naturalhistory.si.edu/anthro/humanorigins/ha/sap.htm">originalen</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071015030431/https://naturalhistory.si.edu/anthro/humanorigins/ha/sap.htm">Arkivert</a> 15. oktober 2007 hos <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. den 15. oktober 2007</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-popclock-7"><b><a href="#cite_ref-popclock_7-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.census.gov/popclock/world">«World POPClock Projection»</a>. U.S. Census Bureau, Population Division/International Programs Center<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 9. januar 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AMenneske&rft.btitle=World+POPClock+Projection&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=U.S.+Census+Bureau%2C+Population+Division%2FInternational+Programs+Center&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.census.gov%2Fpopclock%2Fworld&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Colbert, E. H. (1969): Evolution of the Vertebrates, John Wiley & Sons Inc (2. utgave)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Romer" title="Alfred Romer">Romer, A.S.</a> & Parson, T.S (1986): The vertebrate body. 6. utgave (internasjonal utgave), Sauders Colledge Publishing, USA, 679 sider. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0-03-910754-X" title="Spesial:Bokkilder/0-03-910754-X">0-03-910754-X</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Burenhult, Göran: <i>Die ersten Menschen</i>, Weltbild Verlag, 2000. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/3-8289-0741-5" title="Spesial:Bokkilder/3-8289-0741-5">3-8289-0741-5</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Patterson, N., D. J. Richter, S. Gnerre, E. S. Lander, & D. Reich (2006): Genetic evidence for complex speciation of humans and chimpanzees. <i><a href="/wiki/Nature" title="Nature">Nature</a></i> no 441, side 1103–1108</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://humanorigins.si.edu/evidence/human-fossils/species/paranthropus-robustus">«Paranthropus robustus»</a>. <i>Human Evolution Research</i>. Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History<span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 27. januar 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AMenneske&rft.atitle=Paranthropus+robustus&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Human+Evolution+Research&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhumanorigins.si.edu%2Fevidence%2Fhuman-fossils%2Fspecies%2Fparanthropus-robustus&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Veeramah, K.R.; Hammer, M.F. (4. februar 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nature.com/nrg/journal/v15/n3/full/nrg3625.html">«The impact of whole-genome sequencing on the reconstruction of human population history»</a>. <i>Nature Reviews Genetics</i>. 15 (3): 149–162. <a href="/wiki/Digital_objektidentifikator" title="Digital objektidentifikator">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2Fnrg3625">10.1038/nrg3625</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Besøkt 27. januar 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AMenneske&rft.atitle=The+impact+of+whole-genome+sequencing+on+the+reconstruction+of+human+population+history&rft.au=Hammer%2C+M.F.&rft.aufirst=K.R.&rft.aulast=Veeramah&rft.date=2014-02-04&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=Nature+Reviews+Genetics&rft.pages=149-162&rft.volume=15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Fnrg%2Fjournal%2Fv15%2Fn3%2Ffull%2Fnrg3625.html&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2Fnrg3625&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dawkins-14"><b><a href="#cite_ref-dawkins_14-0">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Dawkins (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rR9XPnaqvCMC&printsec=frontcover#PPA62,M1">«Archaic homo sapiens»</a>. <i>The Ancestor's Tale</i>. Boston: Mariner. <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Spesial:Bokkilder/0-618-61916-X" title="Spesial:Bokkilder/0-618-61916-X">0-618-61916-X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AMenneske&rft.atitle=Archaic+homo+sapiens&rft.au=Dawkins&rft.btitle=The+Ancestor%27s+Tale&rft.date=2005&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.isbn=0-618-61916-X&rft.place=Boston&rft.pub=Mariner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DrR9XPnaqvCMC%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%23PPA62%2CM1&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Barker, Graeme (1. januar 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=c4BZ7vu0WRsC&pg=RA1-PA783">«Companion Encyclopedia of Archaeology»</a>. Routledge – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AMenneske&rft.aufirst=Graeme&rft.aulast=Barker&rft.btitle=Companion+Encyclopedia+of+Archaeology&rft.date=1999-01-01&rft.genre=unknown&rft.pub=Routledge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dc4BZ7vu0WRsC%26pg%3DRA1-PA783&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Schwartz, Jeffrey H.; Tattersall, Ian (mars 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sites.pitt.edu/~jhs/articles/human_chin_revisited.pdf">«The human chin revisited: what is it and who has it?»</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal of Human Evolution</i>. 38 (3): 367–409. <a href="/wiki/Digital_objektidentifikator" title="Digital objektidentifikator">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1006%2Fjhev.1999.0339">10.1006/jhev.1999.0339</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fno.wikipedia.org%3AMenneske&rft.atitle=The+human+chin+revisited%3A+what+is+it+and+who+has+it%3F&rft.au=Tattersall%2C+Ian&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey+H.&rft.aulast=Schwartz&rft.date=2000-03&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=3&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Human+Evolution&rft.pages=367-409&rft.volume=38&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsites.pitt.edu%2F~jhs%2Farticles%2Fhuman_chin_revisited.pdf&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1006%2Fjhev.1999.0339&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_lenker">Eksterne lenker</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Menneske&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Rediger avsnitt: Eksterne lenker" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>rediger</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Menneske&action=edit&section=12" title="Rediger kildekoden til seksjonen Eksterne lenker"><span>rediger kilde</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="bjeller languageicon" style="color: var(--color-subtle, #54595d);cursor:help;" title="engelsk">(en)</span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:People" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:People"><i>Kategori:People</i></a> – bilder, video eller lyd på <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> <span class="noprint plainlinks wikidata-linkback wd_p373"><span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5?uselang=nb#P373" title="Rediger på Wikidata"><img alt="Rediger på Wikidata" 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