CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>List of Native Americans in the United States Congress - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"cee32c10-cb4e-4f7b-a79c-8fdbb033e216","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"List_of_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States_Congress","wgTitle":"List of Native Americans in the United States Congress","wgCurRevisionId":1276000648,"wgRevisionId":1276000648,"wgArticleId":43875291,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Articles with hCards","Native American members of the United States Congress","Lists of members of the United States Congress","Lists of Native American people","United States politics-related lists"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName": "List_of_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States_Congress","wgRelevantArticleId":43875291,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q18149543","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform", "platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.tablesorter.styles":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.tablesorter","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp", "ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cjquery.tablesorter.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.16"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Native_Americans_in_US_House.svg/1200px-Native_Americans_in_US_House.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="746"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Native_Americans_in_US_House.svg/800px-Native_Americans_in_US_House.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="497"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Native_Americans_in_US_House.svg/640px-Native_Americans_in_US_House.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="398"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="List of Native Americans in the United States Congress - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States_Congress"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States_Congress&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States_Congress"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-List_of_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States_Congress rootpage-List_of_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States_Congress skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=List+of+Native+Americans+in+the+United+States+Congress" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=List+of+Native+Americans+in+the+United+States+Congress" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=List+of+Native+Americans+in+the+United+States+Congress" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=List+of+Native+Americans+in+the+United+States+Congress" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Senate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Senate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Senate</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Senate-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Senate subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Senate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Histograph" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Histograph"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Histograph</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Histograph-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-House_of_Representatives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#House_of_Representatives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>House of Representatives</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-House_of_Representatives-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle House of Representatives subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-House_of_Representatives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Histograph_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Histograph_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Histograph</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Histograph_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cherokee_delegates_to_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives_(not_seated)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cherokee_delegates_to_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives_(not_seated)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Cherokee delegates to the United States House of Representatives (not seated)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cherokee_delegates_to_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives_(not_seated)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">List of Native Americans in the United States Congress</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 1 language" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-1" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">1 language</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daftar_orang_Amerika_Asli_dalam_Kongres_Amerika_Serikat" title="Daftar orang Amerika Asli dalam Kongres Amerika Serikat – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Daftar orang Amerika Asli dalam Kongres Amerika Serikat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q18149543#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States_Congress" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:List_of_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States_Congress" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States_Congress"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States_Congress&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States_Congress&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States_Congress"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States_Congress&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States_Congress&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/List_of_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States_Congress" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/List_of_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States_Congress" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States_Congress&oldid=1276000648" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States_Congress&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=List_of_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States_Congress&id=1276000648&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FList_of_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States_Congress"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FList_of_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States_Congress"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=List_of_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States_Congress&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States_Congress&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q18149543" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_Native_American_politicians" title="List of Native American politicians">List of Native American politicians</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Native_Americans_in_US_House.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Native_Americans_in_US_House.svg/220px-Native_Americans_in_US_House.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Native_Americans_in_US_House.svg/330px-Native_Americans_in_US_House.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Native_Americans_in_US_House.svg/440px-Native_Americans_in_US_House.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="806" data-file-height="501" /></a><figcaption>Map of all four <a href="/wiki/Congressional_district#United_States" title="Congressional district">congressional districts</a> represented by Native Americans at the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/118th_United_States_Congress" title="118th United States Congress">118th Congress</a>. One of <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a>'s two senators is also a Native American.</figcaption></figure> <p>This is a list of <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native Americans</a> with documented tribal ancestry or affiliation who are in the U.S. Congress. </p><p>All entries on this list are related to Native American tribes based in the <a href="/wiki/Continental_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Continental United States">continental United States</a>. There are <a href="/wiki/Native_Hawaiians" title="Native Hawaiians">Native Hawaiians</a> who <a href="/wiki/List_of_Asian_Americans_and_Pacific_Islands_Americans_in_the_United_States_Congress" title="List of Asian Americans and Pacific Islands Americans in the United States Congress">have served in Congress</a>, but they are not listed here because they are distinct from North American Natives. </p><p>Only two Native Americans served in the <a href="/wiki/115th_United_States_Congress" title="115th United States Congress">115th Congress</a>: <a href="/wiki/Tom_Cole" title="Tom Cole">Tom Cole</a> (serving since 2003) and <a href="/wiki/Markwayne_Mullin" title="Markwayne Mullin">Markwayne Mullin</a> (served from 2013 until 2023), both of whom are Republican Representatives from Oklahoma. On <a href="/wiki/2018_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="2018 United States House of Representatives elections">November 6, 2018</a>, Democrats <a href="/wiki/Sharice_Davids" title="Sharice Davids">Sharice Davids</a> of Kansas and <a href="/wiki/Deb_Haaland" title="Deb Haaland">Deb Haaland</a> of New Mexico were elected to the U.S. House of Representatives, and the <a href="/wiki/116th_United_States_Congress" title="116th United States Congress">116th Congress</a>, which commenced on January 3, 2019, had four Native Americans. Davids and Haaland are the first two Native American women with documented tribal ancestry to serve in Congress. At the start of the <a href="/wiki/117th_United_States_Congress" title="117th United States Congress">117th Congress</a> on January 3, 2021, five Native Americans were serving in the House, the largest Native delegation in history: Cole, Mullin, Haaland and Davids were all reelected in 2020, with Republican <a href="/wiki/Yvette_Herrell" title="Yvette Herrell">Yvette Herrell</a> of New Mexico elected for the first time in 2020. The number dropped back down to four on March 16, 2021 when Haaland resigned her House seat to become <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interior" title="United States Secretary of the Interior">Secretary of the Interior</a>. </p><p>On <a href="/wiki/2022_Alaska%27s_at-large_congressional_district_special_election" title="2022 Alaska's at-large congressional district special election">August 16, 2022</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mary_Peltola" title="Mary Peltola">Mary Peltola</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Yup%27ik" title="Yup'ik">Yup'ik</a> woman, was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives to represent Alaska, becoming the first person with documented <a href="/wiki/Alaska_Natives" title="Alaska Natives">Native Alaskan</a> ancestry to serve in Congress. This returned the number of the Native delegation to five, with a partisan split of three Republicans and two Democrats. This also marked the first time that a Native American, Native Alaskan, and Native Hawaiian (<a href="/wiki/Kai_Kahele" title="Kai Kahele">Kai Kahele</a>) simultaneously served in Congress. </p><p>Following the <a href="/wiki/2022_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="2022 United States House of Representatives elections">November 2022 elections</a>, incumbents Cole (R-OK), Davids (D-KS) and Peltola (D-AK) all retained their seats, while Cherokee Republican Markwayne Mullin retired from the House and was elected to the Senate: Mullin became the first Native senator since the retirement of <a href="/wiki/Ben_Nighthorse_Campbell" title="Ben Nighthorse Campbell">Ben Nighthorse Campbell</a> (R-CO) in 2005, and his House seat was won by Choctaw Republican <a href="/wiki/Josh_Brecheen" title="Josh Brecheen">Josh Brecheen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the same election, Yvette Herrell lost her seat due to redistricting, which drew litigation over alleged political <a href="/wiki/Gerrymandering" title="Gerrymandering">gerrymandering</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as such, Native Americans in the <a href="/wiki/118th_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="118th Congress">118th Congress</a> remain five, four in the House and one in the Senate. The partisan split is three Republicans and two Democrats. The states represented by Native members of Congress also dropped from four to three with Herrell's defeat in New Mexico. </p><p>Entries shaded in blue refer to current members of the U.S. Congress. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Senate">Senate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States_Congress&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Senate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r981673959">.mw-parser-output .legend{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .legend-color{display:inline-block;min-width:1.25em;height:1.25em;line-height:1.25;margin:1px 0;text-align:center;border:1px solid black;background-color:transparent;color:black}.mw-parser-output .legend-text{}</style><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#9BDDFF; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> Denotes incumbent </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Picture </th> <th>Senator<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(lifespan)</span> </th> <th>Tribal ancestry </th> <th>State </th> <th>Party </th> <th>Term start </th> <th>Term end </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Charles_Curtis-portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Charles Curtis"><img alt="Charles Curtis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Charles_Curtis-portrait.jpg/75px-Charles_Curtis-portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Charles_Curtis-portrait.jpg/113px-Charles_Curtis-portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Charles_Curtis-portrait.jpg/150px-Charles_Curtis-portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1143" data-file-height="1494" /></a></span> </td> <td rowspan="2"><b><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="Curtis, Charles"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Curtis" title="Charles Curtis">Charles Curtis</a></span></span></span></span></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1860–1936)</span><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Kaw_people" title="Kaw people">Kaw</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Osage_Nation" title="Osage Nation">Osage</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Potawatomi" title="Potawatomi">Potawatomi</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas"><img alt="Kansas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Kansas_%281927%E2%80%931961%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kansas_%281927%E2%80%931961%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Kansas_%281927%E2%80%931961%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kansas_%281927%E2%80%931961%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Kansas_%281927%E2%80%931961%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Kansas_%281927%E2%80%931961%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001907-01-29-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 29, 1907</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001913-01-03-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 3, 1913</span> </td> <td>Was not re-elected after Democrats won control of the <a href="/wiki/Kansas_Legislature" title="Kansas Legislature">Kansas Legislature</a> in 1912 </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001915-03-04-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">March 4, 1915</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001929-03-04-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">March 4, 1929</span> </td> <td>Resigned after being elected <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">Vice President</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:OWEN,_ROBERT_L.,_HONORABLE_LCCN2016862361_(resized).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Robert Latham Owen"><img alt="Robert Latham Owen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/OWEN%2C_ROBERT_L.%2C_HONORABLE_LCCN2016862361_%28resized%29.jpg/75px-OWEN%2C_ROBERT_L.%2C_HONORABLE_LCCN2016862361_%28resized%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/OWEN%2C_ROBERT_L.%2C_HONORABLE_LCCN2016862361_%28resized%29.jpg/113px-OWEN%2C_ROBERT_L.%2C_HONORABLE_LCCN2016862361_%28resized%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/OWEN%2C_ROBERT_L.%2C_HONORABLE_LCCN2016862361_%28resized%29.jpg/150px-OWEN%2C_ROBERT_L.%2C_HONORABLE_LCCN2016862361_%28resized%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2367" data-file-height="3006" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><span data-sort-value="Owen, Robert"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Latham_Owen" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Latham Owen">Robert Owen</a></span></span></span></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1856–1947)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_Nation" title="Cherokee Nation">Cherokee</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma"><img alt="Oklahoma" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Oklahoma_%281911%E2%80%931925%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Oklahoma_%281911%E2%80%931925%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Oklahoma_%281911%E2%80%931925%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Oklahoma_%281911%E2%80%931925%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Oklahoma_%281911%E2%80%931925%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Oklahoma_%281911%E2%80%931925%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001907-12-11-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">December 11, 1907</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001925-03-04-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">March 4, 1925</span> </td> <td>Retired </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BenNCampbell.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ben Nighthorse Campbell"><img alt="Ben Nighthorse Campbell" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/BenNCampbell.jpg/75px-BenNCampbell.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/BenNCampbell.jpg/113px-BenNCampbell.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/BenNCampbell.jpg/150px-BenNCampbell.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1473" data-file-height="1890" /></a></span> </td> <td rowspan="2"><b><span data-sort-value="Campbell, Ben Nighthorse"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Ben_Nighthorse_Campbell" title="Ben Nighthorse Campbell">Ben Nighthorse Campbell</a></span></span></span></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(born 1933)</span> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cheyenne_Indian_Reservation" title="Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation">Northern Cheyenne</a></span> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado"><img alt="Colorado" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Flag_of_Colorado.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colorado.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Flag_of_Colorado.svg/35px-Flag_of_Colorado.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Flag_of_Colorado.svg/45px-Flag_of_Colorado.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1993–1995)</span> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span data-sort-value="000000001993-01-03-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 3, 1993</span> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span data-sort-value="000000002005-01-03-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 3, 2005</span> </td> <td rowspan="2">Retired </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1995–2005)<br /></span> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#9BDDFF"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Markwayne_Mullin_official_Senate_photo.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Markwayne Mullin"><img alt="Markwayne Mullin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Markwayne_Mullin_official_Senate_photo.jpg/75px-Markwayne_Mullin_official_Senate_photo.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Markwayne_Mullin_official_Senate_photo.jpg/113px-Markwayne_Mullin_official_Senate_photo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Markwayne_Mullin_official_Senate_photo.jpg/150px-Markwayne_Mullin_official_Senate_photo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1074" data-file-height="1343" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="Mullin, Markwayne"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Markwayne_Mullin" title="Markwayne Mullin">Markwayne Mullin</a></span></span></span></span></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(born 1977)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_Nation" title="Cherokee Nation">Cherokee</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma"><img alt="Oklahoma" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg/23px-Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg/35px-Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg/45px-Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="675" data-file-height="450" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002023-01-03-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 3, 2023</span> </td> <td>Incumbent </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Histograph">Histograph</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States_Congress&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Histograph"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The histograph below sets forth the number of Native Americans who served in the United States Senate during the periods provided. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Starting </th> <th>Total </th> <th>Graph </th></tr> <tr> <td>March 4, 1789 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td>February 23, 1870 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>❚ </td></tr> <tr> <td>March 4, 1871 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td>January 29, 1907 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>❚ </td></tr> <tr> <td>December 11, 1907 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>❚❚ </td></tr> <tr> <td>January 3, 1913 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>❚ </td></tr> <tr> <td>March 4, 1915 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>❚❚ </td></tr> <tr> <td>March 4, 1925 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>❚ </td></tr> <tr> <td>March 4, 1929 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td>January 3, 1993 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>❚ </td></tr> <tr> <td>January 3, 2005 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td>January 3, 2023 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>❚ </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="House_of_Representatives">House of Representatives</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States_Congress&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: House of Representatives"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="background-color:#9BDDFF; color:black;border:1px solid darkgray;"> </span> Denotes incumbent </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Picture </th> <th>Representative<br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(lifespan)</span> </th> <th>Tribal ancestry </th> <th>State </th> <th>Party </th> <th>Term start </th> <th>Term end </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Richard_Harvey_Cain.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Richard H. Cain"><img alt="Richard H. Cain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Richard_Harvey_Cain.jpg/75px-Richard_Harvey_Cain.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Richard_Harvey_Cain.jpg/113px-Richard_Harvey_Cain.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Richard_Harvey_Cain.jpg/150px-Richard_Harvey_Cain.jpg 2x" data-file-width="295" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> </td> <td rowspan="2"><b><span data-sort-value="Cain, Richard H."><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Richard_H._Cain" title="Richard H. Cain">Richard H. Cain</a></span></span></span></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1825–1887)</span><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Cherokee" title="Cherokee">Cherokee</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina"><img alt="South Carolina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Flag_of_South_Carolina.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Carolina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Flag_of_South_Carolina.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Carolina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/69/Flag_of_South_Carolina.svg/45px-Flag_of_South_Carolina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001873-03-04-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">March 4, 1873</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001875-03-04-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">March 4, 1875</span> </td> <td rowspan="2">Retired </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001877-03-04-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">March 4, 1877</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001879-03-04-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">March 4, 1879</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CURTIS,_CHARLES._HONORABLE_LCCN2016856330_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Charles Curtis"><img alt="Charles Curtis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/CURTIS%2C_CHARLES._HONORABLE_LCCN2016856330_%28cropped%29.jpg/75px-CURTIS%2C_CHARLES._HONORABLE_LCCN2016856330_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/CURTIS%2C_CHARLES._HONORABLE_LCCN2016856330_%28cropped%29.jpg/113px-CURTIS%2C_CHARLES._HONORABLE_LCCN2016856330_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/CURTIS%2C_CHARLES._HONORABLE_LCCN2016856330_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-CURTIS%2C_CHARLES._HONORABLE_LCCN2016856330_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2001" data-file-height="2775" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><span data-sort-value="Curtis, Charles"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Curtis" title="Charles Curtis">Charles Curtis</a></span></span></span></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1860–1936)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kaw_people" title="Kaw people">Kaw</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Osage_Nation" title="Osage Nation">Osage</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Potawatomi" title="Potawatomi">Potawatomi</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas"><img alt="Kansas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Kansas.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kansas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Kansas.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kansas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Kansas.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kansas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001893-03-04-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">March 4, 1893</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001907-01-28-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 28, 1907</span> </td> <td>Resigned to become <a href="/wiki/U.S._Senator" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Senator">U.S. Senator</a> from <a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CharlesDCarter.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Charles D. Carter"><img alt="Charles D. Carter" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/CharlesDCarter.jpg/75px-CharlesDCarter.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/CharlesDCarter.jpg/113px-CharlesDCarter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/CharlesDCarter.jpg/150px-CharlesDCarter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="606" data-file-height="823" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><span data-sort-value="Carter, Charles"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Charles_D._Carter" title="Charles D. Carter">Charles Carter</a></span></span></span></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1868–1929)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chickasaw" title="Chickasaw">Chickasaw</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma"><img alt="Oklahoma" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Oklahoma_%281911%E2%80%931925%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Oklahoma_%281911%E2%80%931925%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Oklahoma_%281911%E2%80%931925%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Oklahoma_%281911%E2%80%931925%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Oklahoma_%281911%E2%80%931925%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Oklahoma_%281911%E2%80%931925%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001907-11-16-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">November 16, 1907</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001927-03-04-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">March 4, 1927</span> </td> <td>Lost re-nomination </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:WilliamWHastings.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="William Wirt Hastings"><img alt="William Wirt Hastings" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/WilliamWHastings.jpg/75px-WilliamWHastings.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/WilliamWHastings.jpg/113px-WilliamWHastings.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/WilliamWHastings.jpg/150px-WilliamWHastings.jpg 2x" data-file-width="823" data-file-height="1083" /></a></span> </td> <td rowspan="2"><b><span data-sort-value="Hastings, William"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/William_Wirt_Hastings" title="William Wirt Hastings">William Hastings</a></span></span></span></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1866–1938)</span> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_Nation" title="Cherokee Nation">Cherokee</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma"><img alt="Oklahoma" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Oklahoma_%281911%E2%80%931925%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Oklahoma_%281911%E2%80%931925%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Oklahoma_%281911%E2%80%931925%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Oklahoma_%281911%E2%80%931925%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Flag_of_Oklahoma_%281911%E2%80%931925%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Oklahoma_%281911%E2%80%931925%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a> </td> <td rowspan="2" style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001915-03-04-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">March 4, 1915</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001921-03-04-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">March 4, 1921</span> </td> <td>Lost re-election </td></tr> <tr> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001923-03-04-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">March 4, 1923</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001935-01-03-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 3, 1935</span> </td> <td>Retired </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Will_Rogers,_Jr.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Will Rogers, Jr."><img alt="Will Rogers, Jr." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Will_Rogers%2C_Jr.JPG/75px-Will_Rogers%2C_Jr.JPG" decoding="async" width="75" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Will_Rogers%2C_Jr.JPG/113px-Will_Rogers%2C_Jr.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Will_Rogers%2C_Jr.JPG/150px-Will_Rogers%2C_Jr.JPG 2x" data-file-width="228" data-file-height="286" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><span data-sort-value="Rogers Jr., Will"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Will_Rogers_Jr." title="Will Rogers Jr.">Will Rogers Jr.</a></span></span></span></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1911–1993)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_Nation" title="Cherokee Nation">Cherokee</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/California" title="California"><img alt="California" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/23px-Flag_of_California.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/35px-Flag_of_California.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Flag_of_California.svg/45px-Flag_of_California.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001943-01-03-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 3, 1943</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001944-05-23-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">May 23, 1944</span> </td> <td>Resigned to join the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">U.S. Army</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:STIGLER,_William_Grady.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="William G. Stigler"><img alt="William G. Stigler" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/STIGLER%2C_William_Grady.jpg/75px-STIGLER%2C_William_Grady.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/STIGLER%2C_William_Grady.jpg/113px-STIGLER%2C_William_Grady.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/STIGLER%2C_William_Grady.jpg/150px-STIGLER%2C_William_Grady.jpg 2x" data-file-width="177" data-file-height="219" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><span data-sort-value="Stigler, William"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/William_G._Stigler" title="William G. Stigler">William Stigler</a></span></span></span></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1891–1952)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Choctaw_Nation" class="mw-redirect" title="Choctaw Nation">Choctaw</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma"><img alt="Oklahoma" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Flag_of_Oklahoma_%281941%E2%80%931988%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Oklahoma_%281941%E2%80%931988%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Flag_of_Oklahoma_%281941%E2%80%931988%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Oklahoma_%281941%E2%80%931988%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Flag_of_Oklahoma_%281941%E2%80%931988%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Oklahoma_%281941%E2%80%931988%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="675" data-file-height="450" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001944-03-28-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">March 28, 1944</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001952-08-21-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">August 21, 1952</span> </td> <td>Died in office </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Ben_Reifel_(3x4b).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ben Reifel"><img alt="Ben Reifel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Portrait_of_Ben_Reifel_%283x4b%29.jpg/75px-Portrait_of_Ben_Reifel_%283x4b%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Portrait_of_Ben_Reifel_%283x4b%29.jpg/113px-Portrait_of_Ben_Reifel_%283x4b%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Portrait_of_Ben_Reifel_%283x4b%29.jpg/150px-Portrait_of_Ben_Reifel_%283x4b%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="255" data-file-height="340" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><span data-sort-value="Reifel, Ben"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Ben_Reifel" title="Ben Reifel">Ben Reifel</a></span></span></span></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1906–1990)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rosebud_Indian_Reservation" title="Rosebud Indian Reservation">Rosebud Lakota</a> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota"><img alt="South Dakota" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Flag_of_South_Dakota_%281963%E2%80%931992%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_South_Dakota_%281963%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Flag_of_South_Dakota_%281963%E2%80%931992%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_South_Dakota_%281963%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Flag_of_South_Dakota_%281963%E2%80%931992%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_South_Dakota_%281963%E2%80%931992%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="450" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/South_Dakota" title="South Dakota">South Dakota</a></span> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001961-01-03-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 3, 1961</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001971-01-03-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 3, 1971</span> </td> <td>Retired </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Clem_McSpadden.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Clem McSpadden"><img alt="Clem McSpadden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Clem_McSpadden.jpg/75px-Clem_McSpadden.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Clem_McSpadden.jpg/113px-Clem_McSpadden.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Clem_McSpadden.jpg/150px-Clem_McSpadden.jpg 2x" data-file-width="407" data-file-height="495" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><span data-sort-value="McSpadden, Clem"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Clem_McSpadden" title="Clem McSpadden">Clem McSpadden</a></span></span></span></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(1925–2008)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_Nation" title="Cherokee Nation">Cherokee</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma"><img alt="Oklahoma" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Flag_of_Oklahoma_%281941%E2%80%931988%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Oklahoma_%281941%E2%80%931988%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Flag_of_Oklahoma_%281941%E2%80%931988%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Oklahoma_%281941%E2%80%931988%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Flag_of_Oklahoma_%281941%E2%80%931988%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Oklahoma_%281941%E2%80%931988%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="675" data-file-height="450" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001973-01-03-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 3, 1973</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001975-01-03-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 3, 1975</span> </td> <td>Retired to run unsuccessfully for the nomination to the <a href="/wiki/1974_Oklahoma_gubernatorial_election" title="1974 Oklahoma gubernatorial election">1974 Oklahoma gubernatorial election</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ben_Campbell.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ben Nighthorse Campbell"><img alt="Ben Nighthorse Campbell" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Ben_Campbell.jpg/75px-Ben_Campbell.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Ben_Campbell.jpg/113px-Ben_Campbell.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Ben_Campbell.jpg/150px-Ben_Campbell.jpg 2x" data-file-width="455" data-file-height="518" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><span data-sort-value="Campbell, Ben Nighthorse"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Ben_Nighthorse_Campbell" title="Ben Nighthorse Campbell">Ben Nighthorse Campbell</a></span></span></span></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(born 1933)</span> </td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Cheyenne_Indian_Reservation" title="Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation">Northern Cheyenne</a></span> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado"><img alt="Colorado" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Flag_of_Colorado.svg/23px-Flag_of_Colorado.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Flag_of_Colorado.svg/35px-Flag_of_Colorado.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Flag_of_Colorado.svg/45px-Flag_of_Colorado.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001987-01-03-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 3, 1987</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000001993-01-03-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 3, 1993</span> </td> <td>Retired to run successfully for the <a href="/wiki/1992_United_States_Senate_election_in_Colorado" title="1992 United States Senate election in Colorado">1992 United States Senate election in Colorado</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brad_carson23.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Brad Carson"><img alt="Brad Carson" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Brad_carson23.jpg/75px-Brad_carson23.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Brad_carson23.jpg/113px-Brad_carson23.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/12/Brad_carson23.jpg/150px-Brad_carson23.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3000" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><span data-sort-value="Carson, Brad"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Brad_Carson" title="Brad Carson">Brad Carson</a></span></span></span></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(born 1967)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_Nation" title="Cherokee Nation">Cherokee</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma"><img alt="Oklahoma" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Oklahoma_%281988%E2%80%932006%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Oklahoma_%281988%E2%80%932006%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Oklahoma_%281988%E2%80%932006%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Oklahoma_%281988%E2%80%932006%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Flag_of_Oklahoma_%281988%E2%80%932006%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Oklahoma_%281988%E2%80%932006%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="675" data-file-height="450" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002001-01-03-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 3, 2001</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002005-01-03-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 3, 2005</span> </td> <td>Retired to run unsuccessfully for the <a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_Senate_election_in_Oklahoma" title="2004 United States Senate election in Oklahoma">2004 United States Senate election in Oklahoma</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#9BDDFF"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rep-Tom-Cole-117thCong.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tom Cole"><img alt="Tom Cole" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Rep-Tom-Cole-117thCong.jpeg/75px-Rep-Tom-Cole-117thCong.jpeg" decoding="async" width="75" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Rep-Tom-Cole-117thCong.jpeg/113px-Rep-Tom-Cole-117thCong.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Rep-Tom-Cole-117thCong.jpeg/150px-Rep-Tom-Cole-117thCong.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="1788" data-file-height="2236" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><span data-sort-value="Cole, Tom"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Tom_Cole" title="Tom Cole">Tom Cole</a></span></span></span></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(born 1949)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chickasaw_Nation" title="Chickasaw Nation">Chickasaw</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma"><img alt="Oklahoma" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg/23px-Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg/35px-Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg/45px-Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="675" data-file-height="450" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002003-01-03-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 3, 2003</span> </td> <td>Incumbent </td> <td>Longest serving Native American in the House<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Markwayne_Mullin,_117th_Congress_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Markwayne Mullin"><img alt="Markwayne Mullin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Markwayne_Mullin%2C_117th_Congress_portrait.jpg/75px-Markwayne_Mullin%2C_117th_Congress_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Markwayne_Mullin%2C_117th_Congress_portrait.jpg/113px-Markwayne_Mullin%2C_117th_Congress_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Markwayne_Mullin%2C_117th_Congress_portrait.jpg/150px-Markwayne_Mullin%2C_117th_Congress_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="819" data-file-height="1024" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="Mullin, Markwayne"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Markwayne_Mullin" title="Markwayne Mullin">Markwayne Mullin</a></span></span></span></span></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(born 1977)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_Nation" title="Cherokee Nation">Cherokee</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma"><img alt="Oklahoma" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg/23px-Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg/35px-Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg/45px-Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="675" data-file-height="450" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002013-01-03-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 3, 2013</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002023-01-03-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 3, 2023</span> </td> <td>Retired to run successfully for the <a href="/wiki/2022_United_States_Senate_special_election_in_Oklahoma" title="2022 United States Senate special election in Oklahoma">2022 United States Senate special election in Oklahoma</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background:#9BDDFF"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sharice_Davids.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Sharice Davids"><img alt="Sharice Davids" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Sharice_Davids.jpg/75px-Sharice_Davids.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Sharice_Davids.jpg/113px-Sharice_Davids.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Sharice_Davids.jpg/150px-Sharice_Davids.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="4200" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="Davids, Sharice"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Sharice_Davids" title="Sharice Davids">Sharice Davids</a></span></span></span></span></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(born 1980)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ho-Chunk_Nation_of_Wisconsin" title="Ho-Chunk Nation of Wisconsin">Ho-Chunk</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas"><img alt="Kansas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Kansas.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kansas.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Kansas.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kansas.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Flag_of_Kansas.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kansas.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002019-01-03-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 3, 2019</span> </td> <td>Incumbent </td> <td>First <a href="/wiki/LGBT" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT">LGBT</a> Native American elected </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Deb_Haaland_official_portrait,_116th_congress_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Deb Haaland"><img alt="Deb Haaland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Deb_Haaland_official_portrait%2C_116th_congress_2.jpg/75px-Deb_Haaland_official_portrait%2C_116th_congress_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Deb_Haaland_official_portrait%2C_116th_congress_2.jpg/113px-Deb_Haaland_official_portrait%2C_116th_congress_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Deb_Haaland_official_portrait%2C_116th_congress_2.jpg/150px-Deb_Haaland_official_portrait%2C_116th_congress_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2800" data-file-height="4200" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="Haaland, Deb"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Deb_Haaland" title="Deb Haaland">Deb Haaland</a></span></span></span></span></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(born 1960)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Laguna_Pueblo" title="Laguna Pueblo">Laguna Pueblo</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico"><img alt="New Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_New_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_New_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_New_Mexico.svg/45px-Flag_of_New_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002019-01-03-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 3, 2019</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002021-03-16-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">March 16, 2021</span> </td> <td>Resigned to become <a href="/wiki/United_States_Secretary_of_the_Interior" title="United States Secretary of the Interior">U.S. Secretary of the Interior</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Yvette_Herrell_official_photo,_117th_Congress.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rep. Herrell"><img alt="Rep. Herrell" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Yvette_Herrell_official_photo%2C_117th_Congress.jpg/75px-Yvette_Herrell_official_photo%2C_117th_Congress.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Yvette_Herrell_official_photo%2C_117th_Congress.jpg/113px-Yvette_Herrell_official_photo%2C_117th_Congress.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Yvette_Herrell_official_photo%2C_117th_Congress.jpg/150px-Yvette_Herrell_official_photo%2C_117th_Congress.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1638" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><span data-sort-value="Herrell, Yvette"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Yvette_Herrell" title="Yvette Herrell">Yvette Herrell</a></span></span></span></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(born 1964)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_Nation" title="Cherokee Nation">Cherokee</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico"><img alt="New Mexico" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_New_Mexico.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_Mexico.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_New_Mexico.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_Mexico.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_New_Mexico.svg/45px-Flag_of_New_Mexico.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/New_Mexico" title="New Mexico">New Mexico</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002021-01-03-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 3, 2021</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002023-01-03-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 3, 2023</span> </td> <td>Lost re-election<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mary_Peltola_Congressional_Member_Portrait_(2).jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mary Peltola"><img alt="Mary Peltola" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Mary_Peltola_Congressional_Member_Portrait_%282%29.jpeg/75px-Mary_Peltola_Congressional_Member_Portrait_%282%29.jpeg" decoding="async" width="75" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Mary_Peltola_Congressional_Member_Portrait_%282%29.jpeg/113px-Mary_Peltola_Congressional_Member_Portrait_%282%29.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Mary_Peltola_Congressional_Member_Portrait_%282%29.jpeg/150px-Mary_Peltola_Congressional_Member_Portrait_%282%29.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="3282" data-file-height="4103" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><span data-sort-value="Peltola, Mary"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Mary_Peltola" title="Mary Peltola">Mary Peltola</a></span></span></span></b> <br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(born 1973)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Orutsararmiut_Traditional_Native_Council" title="Orutsararmiut Traditional Native Council">Yup'ik</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska"><img alt="Alaska" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Alaska.svg/21px-Flag_of_Alaska.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Alaska.svg/33px-Flag_of_Alaska.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Flag_of_Alaska.svg/43px-Flag_of_Alaska.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1416" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a> </td> <td style="color:black;background-color:#B0CEFF"><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002022-09-13-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">September 13, 2022</span> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002025-01-03-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 3, 2025</span> </td> <td>Lost re-election </td></tr> <tr style="background:#9BDDFF"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rep._Josh_Brecheen_official_photo,_118th_Congress.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rep. Brecheen"><img alt="Rep. Brecheen" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Rep._Josh_Brecheen_official_photo%2C_118th_Congress.jpg/75px-Rep._Josh_Brecheen_official_photo%2C_118th_Congress.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="94" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Rep._Josh_Brecheen_official_photo%2C_118th_Congress.jpg/113px-Rep._Josh_Brecheen_official_photo%2C_118th_Congress.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Rep._Josh_Brecheen_official_photo%2C_118th_Congress.jpg/150px-Rep._Josh_Brecheen_official_photo%2C_118th_Congress.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3360" data-file-height="4200" /></a></span> </td> <td><b><span data-sort-value="Brecheen, Josh"><span class="vcard"><span class="fn"><a href="/wiki/Josh_Brecheen" title="Josh Brecheen">Josh Brecheen</a></span></span></span> </b> <br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(born 1979)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Choctaw_Nation" class="mw-redirect" title="Choctaw Nation">Choctaw</a> </td> <td><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma"><img alt="Oklahoma" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg/23px-Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg/35px-Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg/45px-Flag_of_Oklahoma.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="675" data-file-height="450" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Oklahoma" title="Oklahoma">Oklahoma</a> </td> <td style="background-color:#FFB6B6"><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> </td> <td><span data-sort-value="000000002023-01-03-0000" style="white-space:nowrap">January 3, 2023</span> </td> <td>Incumbent </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Histograph_2">Histograph</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States_Congress&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Histograph"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The histograph below sets forth the number of Native Americans who served in the United States House during the periods provided. </p> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Starting </th> <th>Total </th> <th>Graph </th></tr> <tr> <td>March 4, 1789 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td>March 4, 1873 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>❚ </td></tr> <tr> <td>March 4, 1875 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td>March 4, 1877 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>❚ </td></tr> <tr> <td>March 4, 1879 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td>September 23, 1890 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>❚ </td></tr> <tr> <td>March 3, 1891 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td>March 4, 1893 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>❚ </td></tr> <tr> <td>January 28, 1907 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td>November 16, 1907 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>❚ </td></tr> <tr> <td>March 4, 1915 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>❚❚ </td></tr> <tr> <td>March 4, 1921 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>❚ </td></tr> <tr> <td>March 4, 1923 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>❚❚ </td></tr> <tr> <td>March 4, 1927 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>❚ </td></tr> <tr> <td>January 3, 1935 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td>January 3, 1943 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>❚ </td></tr> <tr> <td>March 28, 1944 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>❚❚ </td></tr> <tr> <td>May 23, 1944 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>❚ </td></tr> <tr> <td>August 21, 1952 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td>January 3, 1961 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>❚ </td></tr> <tr> <td>January 3, 1971 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td>January 3, 1973 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>❚ </td></tr> <tr> <td>January 3, 1975 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td>January 3, 1987 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>❚ </td></tr> <tr> <td>January 3, 1993 </td> <td>0 </td> <td>  </td></tr> <tr> <td>January 3, 2001 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>❚ </td></tr> <tr> <td>January 3, 2003 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>❚❚ </td></tr> <tr> <td>January 3, 2005 </td> <td>1 </td> <td>❚ </td></tr> <tr> <td>January 3, 2013 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>❚❚ </td></tr> <tr> <td>January 3, 2019 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>❚❚❚❚ </td></tr> <tr> <td>January 3, 2021 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>❚❚❚❚❚ </td></tr> <tr> <td>March 16, 2021 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>❚❚❚❚ </td></tr> <tr> <td>September 13, 2022 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>❚❚❚❚❚ </td></tr> <tr> <td>January 3, 2023 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>❚❚❚❚ </td></tr> <tr> <td>January 3, 2025 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>❚❚❚ </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cherokee_delegates_to_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives_(not_seated)"><span id="Cherokee_delegates_to_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives_.28not_seated.29"></span>Cherokee delegates to the United States House of Representatives (not seated)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States_Congress&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Cherokee delegates to the United States House of Representatives (not seated)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Political party</dt></dl> <p><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r981673959"><span class="legend nowrap"><span class="legend-color mw-no-invert" style="border: 1px solid #AAAAAA;background-color:#3333FF; color:white;"> </span> <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a></span> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable plainrowheaders" style="text-align: center;"> <caption><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_delegate_to_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Cherokee delegate to the United States House of Representatives">Cherokee delegates to the United States House of Representatives</a> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" colspan="3" class="unsortable"><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">Delegate–elect</a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Congressional_district" title="Congressional district">Congressional district</a> </th> <th>Tribe </th> <th scope="col">Year Designated </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Political_parties_in_the_United_States" title="Political parties in the United States">Party</a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">Congress</a> </th> <th scope="col">Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background: #3333FF;" width="16px"> </td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Barack_Obama_and_Kimberly_Teehee,_2012-04-27_(cropped)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kimberly Teehee"><img alt="Kimberly Teehee" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Barack_Obama_and_Kimberly_Teehee%2C_2012-04-27_%28cropped%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/75px-Barack_Obama_and_Kimberly_Teehee%2C_2012-04-27_%28cropped%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Barack_Obama_and_Kimberly_Teehee%2C_2012-04-27_%28cropped%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/113px-Barack_Obama_and_Kimberly_Teehee%2C_2012-04-27_%28cropped%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Barack_Obama_and_Kimberly_Teehee%2C_2012-04-27_%28cropped%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Barack_Obama_and_Kimberly_Teehee%2C_2012-04-27_%28cropped%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="491" data-file-height="554" /></a></span> </td> <td scope="row"><b><a href="/wiki/Kimberly_Teehee" title="Kimberly Teehee">Kimberly Teehee</a></b><br /><span style="font-size:85%;">(born 1968)</span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_delegate_to_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Cherokee delegate to the United States House of Representatives">Cherokee delegate</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_Nation" title="Cherokee Nation">Cherokee Nation</a> </td> <td>2019 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/116th_United_States_Congress" title="116th United States Congress">116th</a><br /><a href="/wiki/117th_United_States_Congress" title="117th United States Congress">117th</a><br /><a href="/wiki/118th_United_States_Congress" title="118th United States Congress">118th</a> </td> <td>Appointed by <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Hoskin_Jr." title="Chuck Hoskin Jr.">Chuck Hoskin Jr.</a> in August 2019 and approved unanimously by committee. Teehee was not seated during the 116th Congress or in any subsequent Congress. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background: ;" width="16px"> </td> <td> </td> <td scope="row"><b><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Holland" title="Victoria Holland">Victoria Holland</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cherokee_delegate_to_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Cherokee delegate to the United States House of Representatives">Cherokee delegate</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_Keetoowah_Band_of_Cherokee_Indians" title="United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians">United Keetoowah Band of Cherokee Indians</a> </td> <td>2021 </td> <td> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/117th_United_States_Congress" title="117th United States Congress">117th</a><br /><a href="/wiki/118th_United_States_Congress" title="118th United States Congress">118th</a> </td> <td>Appointed by committee in 2021. Holland was not seated in the 117th Congress and has not been seated in any subsequent Congress. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States_Congress&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cherokeephoenix.org/news/native-candidates-headed-for-congress-after-midterms/article_94e41744-6121-11ed-927c-5b621e875960.html">"Native candidates headed for Congress after midterms"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Cherokee_Phoenix" title="Cherokee Phoenix">Cherokee Phoenix</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 10,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Native+candidates+headed+for+Congress+after+midterms&rft.pub=Cherokee+Phoenix&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cherokeephoenix.org%2Fnews%2Fnative-candidates-headed-for-congress-after-midterms%2Farticle_94e41744-6121-11ed-927c-5b621e875960.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+Native+Americans+in+the+United+States+Congress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.krqe.com/news/politics-government/new-mexico-supreme-court-considers-gerrymandering-question/">"New Mexico Supreme Court considers gerrymandering question"</a>. <i>KRQE NEWS 13 - Breaking News, Albuquerque News, New Mexico News, Weather, and Videos</i>. 2023-01-09<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-02-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=KRQE+NEWS+13+-+Breaking+News%2C+Albuquerque+News%2C+New+Mexico+News%2C+Weather%2C+and+Videos&rft.atitle=New+Mexico+Supreme+Court+considers+gerrymandering+question&rft.date=2023-01-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.krqe.com%2Fnews%2Fpolitics-government%2Fnew-mexico-supreme-court-considers-gerrymandering-question%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+Native+Americans+in+the+United+States+Congress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">First Native American popularly elected to the Senate<br />Served as <a href="/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="President pro tempore of the United States Senate">President pro tempore</a> and <a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Party leaders of the United States Senate">Majority Leader</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://coloredconventions.org/black-illinois-organizing/delegates/richard-cain/">"Richard H. Cain"</a>. <i>Black Organizing in Pre-Civil War Illinois: Creating Community, Demanding Justice</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-10-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Black+Organizing+in+Pre-Civil+War+Illinois%3A+Creating+Community%2C+Demanding+Justice&rft.atitle=Richard+H.+Cain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcoloredconventions.org%2Fblack-illinois-organizing%2Fdelegates%2Frichard-cain%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+Native+Americans+in+the+United+States+Congress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.lincolnvillesc.org/bishop-richard-harvey-cain">https://www.lincolnvillesc.org/bishop-richard-harvey-cain</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.law.nyu.edu/sites/default/files/cainr.pdf">https://www.law.nyu.edu/sites/default/files/cainr.pdf</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPress_Pool" class="citation web cs1">Press Pool. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://indiancountrytoday.com/the-press-pool/cole-becomes-longest-serving-native-american-in-the-house">"Cole becomes longest serving Native American in the House, proud of his record as a champion for Indian Country"</a>. <i>indiancountrytoday.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=indiancountrytoday.com&rft.atitle=Cole+becomes+longest+serving+Native+American+in+the+House%2C+proud+of+his+record+as+a+champion+for+Indian+Country&rft.au=Press+Pool&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Findiancountrytoday.com%2Fthe-press-pool%2Fcole-becomes-longest-serving-native-american-in-the-house&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+Native+Americans+in+the+United+States+Congress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSlacik2022" class="citation web cs1">Slacik, Sophia (2022-10-24). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/politics/new-mexico-election-results-democrat-gabe-vasquez-ousts-republican-rep-yvette-herrell">"New Mexico election results: Democrat Gabe Vasquez ousts Republican Rep. Yvette Herrell"</a>. <i>Fox News</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-11-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fox+News&rft.atitle=New+Mexico+election+results%3A+Democrat+Gabe+Vasquez+ousts+Republican+Rep.+Yvette+Herrell&rft.date=2022-10-24&rft.aulast=Slacik&rft.aufirst=Sophia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fpolitics%2Fnew-mexico-election-results-democrat-gabe-vasquez-ousts-republican-rep-yvette-herrell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+Native+Americans+in+the+United+States+Congress" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStubben2006" class="citation book cs1">Stubben, Jerry D. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mcvTv1MEJGQC&pg=PA171"><i>Native Americans and Political Participation: A Reference Handbook</i></a>. ABC-CLIO. p. 171. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-262-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-262-2"><bdi>978-1-57607-262-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Native+Americans+and+Political+Participation%3A+A+Reference+Handbook&rft.pages=171&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-57607-262-2&rft.aulast=Stubben&rft.aufirst=Jerry+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmcvTv1MEJGQC%26pg%3DPA171&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+Native+Americans+in+the+United+States+Congress" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_Congress547" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_Congress" title="Template:United States Congress"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_Congress" title="Template talk:United States Congress"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_Congress" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States Congress"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_Congress547" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">United States Congress</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">House of Representatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_session_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Joint session of the United States Congress">Joint session</a></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/118th_United_States_Congress" title="118th United States Congress">118th</a> → <a href="/wiki/119th_United_States_Congress" title="119th United States Congress">119th</a> → <a href="/wiki/120th_United_States_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="120th United States Congress">120th</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_United_States_Congress" title="Lists of United States Congress">Lists of United States Congress</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Members_and_leaders547" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Member_of_congress" title="Member of congress">Members and leaders</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Membership</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_United_States_Congress_by_longevity_of_service" title="List of members of the United States Congress by longevity of service">By length of service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_United_States_Congress_by_brevity_of_service" title="List of members of the United States Congress by brevity of service">By shortness of service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_youngest_members_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="List of youngest members of the United States Congress">Youngest members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-voting_members_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Non-voting members of the United States House of Representatives">Non-voting members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unseated_members_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Unseated members of the United States Congress">Unseated members</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_United_States_senators" title="List of current United States senators">Members</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seniority_in_the_United_States_Senate" title="Seniority in the United States Senate">seniority</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dean_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Dean of the United States Senate">Dean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_former_United_States_senators" title="List of former United States senators">Former</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_expelled_or_censured" title="List of United States senators expelled or censured">Expelled or censured</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classes_of_United_States_senators" title="Classes of United States senators">Classes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_born_outside_the_United_States" title="List of United States senators born outside the United States">Born outside the U.S.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resignation_from_the_United_States_Senate" title="Resignation from the United States Senate">Resigned</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_appointed_United_States_senators" title="List of appointed United States senators">Appointed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_who_switched_parties" title="List of United States senators who switched parties">Switched parties</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">House</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_members_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="List of current members of the United States House of Representatives">Members</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seniority_in_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Seniority in the United States House of Representatives">seniority</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dean_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Dean of the United States House of Representatives">Dean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_former_members_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="List of former members of the United States House of Representatives">Former</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_expelled,_censured,_or_reprimanded" title="List of United States representatives expelled, censured, or reprimanded">Expelled, censured, and reprimanded</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives_who_served_a_single_term" title="List of members of the United States House of Representatives who served a single term">Served a single term</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives_who_lost_re-election_in_a_primary" title="List of members of the United States House of Representatives who lost re-election in a primary">Lost re-election in a primary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_representatives_who_switched_parties" title="List of United States representatives who switched parties">Switched parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members-elect_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives_who_never_took_their_seats" title="List of members-elect of the United States House of Representatives who never took their seats">Elected but did not serve</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">New members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_90th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 90th United States Congress">90th (1967)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_91st_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 91st United States Congress">91st (1969)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_92nd_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 92nd United States Congress">92nd (1971)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_93rd_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 93rd United States Congress">93rd (1973)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_94th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 94th United States Congress">94th (1975)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_95th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 95th United States Congress">95th (1977)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_96th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 96th United States Congress">96th (1979)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_97th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 97th United States Congress">97th (1981)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_98th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 98th United States Congress">98th (1983)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_99th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 99th United States Congress">99th (1985)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_100th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 100th United States Congress">100th (1987)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_101st_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 101st United States Congress">101st (1989)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_102nd_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 102nd United States Congress">102nd (1991)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_103rd_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 103rd United States Congress">103rd (1993)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_104th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 104th United States Congress">104th (1995)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_105th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 105th United States Congress">105th (1997)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_106th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 106th United States Congress">106th (1999)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_107th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 107th United States Congress">107th (2001)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_108th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 108th United States Congress">108th (2003)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_109th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 109th United States Congress">109th (2005)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_110th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 110th United States Congress">110th (2007)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_111th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 111th United States Congress">111th (2009)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_112th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 112th United States Congress">112th (2011)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_113th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 113th United States Congress">113th (2013)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_114th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 114th United States Congress">114th (2015)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_115th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 115th United States Congress">115th (2017)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_116th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 116th United States Congress">116th (2019)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_117th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 117th United States Congress">117th (2021)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_118th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 118th United States Congress">118th (2023)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_new_members_of_the_119th_United_States_Congress" title="List of new members of the 119th United States Congress">119th (2025)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_the_United_States" title="Vice President of the United States">President</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_vice_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of vice presidents of the United States">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="President pro tempore of the United States Senate">President pro tempore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_pro_tempore_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="List of presidents pro tempore of the United States Senate">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Party leaders of the United States Senate">Leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_Democratic_Caucus" title="Senate Democratic Caucus">Democratic Caucus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Senate_Democratic_Caucus#Chairs" title="Senate Democratic Caucus">Chair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_Democratic_Caucus#Caucus_secretary" title="Senate Democratic Caucus">Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Democratic_Policy_Committee" title="United States Senate Democratic Policy Committee">Policy Committee Chair</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_Republican_Conference" title="Senate Republican Conference">Republican Conference</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Senate_Republican_Conference#List_of_conference_chairmen_and_chairwomen" title="Senate Republican Conference">Chair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_Republican_Conference#List_of_Secretary_and_Vice_Chairman" title="Senate Republican Conference">Vice-Chair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Republican_Policy_Committee" title="United States Senate Republican Policy Committee">Policy Committee Chair</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">House</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">Speaker</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_speakers_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="List of speakers of the United States House of Representatives">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_leaders_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives">Leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bipartisan_Legal_Advisory_Group" title="Bipartisan Legal Advisory Group">Bipartisan Legal Advisory Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_Democratic_Caucus" title="House Democratic Caucus">Democratic Caucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_Republican_Conference" title="House Republican Conference">Republican Conference</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_congressional_districts" title="List of United States congressional districts">List</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_apportionment" title="United States congressional apportionment">Apportionment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerrymandering#United_States" title="Gerrymandering">Gerrymandering</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Congressional_caucus" title="Congressional caucus">Congressional caucus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caucuses_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Caucuses of the United States Congress">Caucuses of the United States Congress</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethnic and racial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Americans_in_the_United_States_Congress" title="African Americans in the United States Congress">African-American members</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_United_States_senators" title="List of African-American United States senators">Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_African-American_United_States_representatives" title="List of African-American United States representatives">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Black_Caucus" title="Congressional Black Caucus">Black Caucus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Arab_and_Middle_Eastern_Americans_in_the_United_States_Congress" title="List of Arab and Middle Eastern Americans in the United States Congress">Arab and Middle Eastern members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Asian_Americans_and_Pacific_Islands_Americans_in_the_United_States_Congress" title="List of Asian Americans and Pacific Islands Americans in the United States Congress">Asian Pacific American members</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Asian_Pacific_American_Caucus" title="Congressional Asian Pacific American Caucus">Asian Pacific American Caucus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans_in_the_United_States_Congress" title="Hispanic and Latino Americans in the United States Congress">Hispanic and Latino members</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hispanic_and_Latino_Americans_in_the_United_States_Congress" title="List of Hispanic and Latino Americans in the United States Congress">list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Hispanic_Caucus" title="Congressional Hispanic Caucus">Hispanic Caucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Hispanic_Conference" title="Congressional Hispanic Conference">Hispanic Conference</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jewish_members_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="List of Jewish members of the United States Congress">Jewish members</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Jewish_Caucus" title="Congressional Jewish Caucus">Congressional Jewish Caucus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Native American members</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gender and sexual identity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_LGBT_members_of_the_United_States_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="List of LGBT members of the United States Congress">LGBT members</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Equality_Caucus" title="Congressional Equality Caucus">Equality Caucus</a></li></ul></li> <li>Women <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_United_States_Senate" title="Women in the United States Senate">Senate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Women in the United States House of Representatives">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Caucus_for_Women%27s_Issues" title="Congressional Caucus for Women's Issues">Issues Caucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives#Current_female_members" title="Women in the United States House of Representatives">current House</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Occupation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Physicians_in_the_United_States_Congress" title="Physicians in the United States Congress">Physicians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religion</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Buddhist_members_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="List of Buddhist members of the United States Congress">Buddhist members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hindu_members_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="List of Hindu members of the United States Congress">Hindu members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jewish_members_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="List of Jewish members of the United States Congress">Jewish members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mormon_members_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="List of Mormon members of the United States Congress">Mormon (LDS) members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Muslim_members_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="List of Muslim members of the United States Congress">Muslim members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Quaker_members_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="List of Quaker members of the United States Congress">Quaker members</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dalip_Singh_Saund" title="Dalip Singh Saund">Sikh members</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_longest-serving_members_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="List of historical longest-serving members of the United States Congress">By length of service historically</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_current_members_of_the_United_States_Congress_by_wealth" title="List of current members of the United States Congress by wealth">Current members by wealth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_United_States_Congress_from_multiple_states" title="List of members of the United States Congress from multiple states">From multiple states</a></li> <li>Died in office <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Congress_members_who_died_in_office_(1790%E2%80%931899)" title="List of United States Congress members who died in office (1790–1899)">1790–1899</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Congress_members_who_died_in_office_(1900%E2%80%931949)" title="List of United States Congress members who died in office (1900–1949)">1900–1949</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Congress_members_who_died_in_office_(1950%E2%80%931999)" title="List of United States Congress members who died in office (1950–1999)">1950–1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Congress_members_who_died_in_office_(2000%E2%80%93)" title="List of United States Congress members who died in office (2000–)">2000–present</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Congress_members_killed_or_wounded_in_office" title="List of United States Congress members killed or wounded in office">Killed or wounded in office</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_party_switchers_in_the_United_States" title="List of party switchers in the United States">Party switchers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_United_States_Congress_who_owned_slaves" title="List of members of the United States Congress who owned slaves">Slave owners</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Powers,_privileges,_procedure,_committees,_history,_media547" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Powers, privileges, procedure, committees, history, media</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Powers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Article_One_of_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Article One of the United States Constitution">Article I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copyright_Clause" title="Copyright Clause">Copyright</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commerce_Clause" title="Commerce Clause">Commerce</a> <a href="/wiki/Dormant_Commerce_Clause" title="Dormant Commerce Clause">(Dormant)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contempt_of_Congress" title="Contempt of Congress">Contempt of Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_war_by_the_United_States" title="Declaration of war by the United States">Declaration of war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_impeachment_in_the_United_States" title="Federal impeachment in the United States">Impeachment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impeachment_inquiry_in_the_United_States" title="Impeachment inquiry in the United States">Inquiries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_impeachment_trial_in_the_United_States" title="Federal impeachment trial in the United States">Trial</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_nationality_law" title="United States nationality law">Naturalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necessary_and_Proper_Clause" title="Necessary and Proper Clause">"Necessary and Proper"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_power_of_enforcement" title="Congressional power of enforcement">Power of enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxing_and_Spending_Clause" title="Taxing and Spending Clause">Taxing/spending</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Privileges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salaries_of_members_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Salaries of members of the United States Congress">Salaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franking" title="Franking">Franking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speech_or_Debate_Clause" title="Speech or Debate Clause">Immunity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Procedure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Act_of_Congress" title="Act of Congress">Act of Congress</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_federal_legislation" title="List of United States federal legislation">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appropriations_bill_(United_States)" title="Appropriations bill (United States)">Appropriation bill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_(United_States_Congress)" title="Bill (United States Congress)">Bill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_budget_process" title="United States budget process">Budget process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censure_in_the_United_States" title="Censure in the United States">Censure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Closed_session_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Closed session of the United States Congress">Closed sessions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Closed_sessions_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Closed sessions of the United States House of Representatives">House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Closed_sessions_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Closed sessions of the United States Senate">Senate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloture" title="Cloture">Cloture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concurrent_resolution" title="Concurrent resolution">Concurrent resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continuing_resolution" title="Continuing resolution">Continuing resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dear_Colleague_letter_(United_States)" title="Dear Colleague letter (United States)">Dear Colleague letter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discharge_petition" title="Discharge petition">Discharge petition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enrolled_bill" title="Enrolled bill">Enrolled bill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Expulsion_from_the_United_States_Congress" title="Expulsion from the United States Congress">Expulsion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_resolution" title="Joint resolution">Joint resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_session_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Joint session of the United States Congress">Joint session</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_joint_sessions_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="List of joint sessions of the United States Congress">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lame-duck_session" title="Lame-duck session">Lame-duck session</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_minute" title="Magic minute">Magic minute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hastert_Rule" class="mw-redirect" title="Hastert Rule">Majority of the majority (Hastert Rule)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple_referral" title="Multiple referral">Multiple referral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procedures_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Procedures of the United States House of Representatives">House procedures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quorum_call" title="Quorum call">Quorum call</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconciliation_(United_States_Congress)" title="Reconciliation (United States Congress)">Reconciliation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rider_(legislation)" title="Rider (legislation)">Rider</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saxbe_fix" title="Saxbe fix">Saxbe fix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sponsor_(legislative)" title="Sponsor (legislative)">Sponsorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suspension_of_the_rules_in_the_United_States_Congress" title="Suspension of the rules in the United States Congress">Suspension of the rules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unanimous_consent" title="Unanimous consent">Unanimous consent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veto" title="Veto">Veto</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Line-item_veto" title="Line-item veto">Line-item veto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pocket_veto" title="Pocket veto">Pocket veto</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senate-specific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advice_and_consent" title="Advice and consent">Advice and consent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_slip_(U.S._Senate)" title="Blue slip (U.S. Senate)">Blue slip (U.S. Senate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classes_of_United_States_senators" title="Classes of United States senators">Classes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_communication" title="Executive communication">Executive communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_session" title="Executive session">Executive session</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filibuster_in_the_United_States_Senate" title="Filibuster in the United States Senate">Filibuster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jefferson%27s_Manual" title="Jefferson's Manual">Jefferson's <i>Manual</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Journal" title="United States Senate Journal"><i>Senate Journal</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morning_business" title="Morning business">Morning business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuclear_option" title="Nuclear option">Nuclear option</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presiding_Officer_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Presiding Officer of the United States Senate">Presiding Officer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recess_appointment" title="Recess appointment">Recess appointment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconciliation_(United_States_Congress)" title="Reconciliation (United States Congress)">Reconciliation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riddick%27s_Senate_Procedure" title="Riddick's Senate Procedure">Riddick's Senate Procedure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_hold" title="Senate hold">Senate hold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senatorial_courtesy" title="Senatorial courtesy">Senatorial courtesy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seniority_in_the_United_States_Senate" title="Seniority in the United States Senate">Seniority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_Rules_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Standing Rules of the United States Senate">Standing Rules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tie-breaking_votes_cast_by_the_vice_president_of_the_United_States" title="List of tie-breaking votes cast by the vice president of the United States">Tie-breaking votes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditions_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Traditions of the United States Senate">Traditions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_Clause" title="Treaty Clause">Treaty Clause</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_committee" title="United States congressional committee">Committees</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chairperson" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairperson">Chairman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ranking_member" title="Ranking member">ranking member</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Committee_of_the_Whole_(United_States_House_of_Representatives)" title="Committee of the Whole (United States House of Representatives)">Of the Whole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_conference_committee" title="United States congressional conference committee">Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discharge_petition" title="Discharge petition">Discharge petition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_hearing" title="United States congressional hearing">Hearings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Markup_(legislation)" title="Markup (legislation)">Markup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_oversight" title="Congressional oversight">Oversight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_congressional_joint_committees" title="List of United States congressional joint committees">List (Joint)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_House_of_Representatives_committees" title="List of United States House of Representatives committees">List (House)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senate_committees" title="List of United States Senate committees">List (Senate)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Select_or_special_committee_(United_States_Congress)" title="Select or special committee (United States Congress)">Select and special</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_committee_(United_States_Congress)" title="Standing committee (United States Congress)">Standing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_subcommittee" title="United States congressional subcommittee">Subcommittees</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Items</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gavel#United_States_Congress_gavels" title="Gavel">Gavels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mace_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Mace of the United States House of Representatives">Mace of the House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seal_of_the_United_States_Senate" class="mw-redirect" title="Seal of the United States Senate">Seal of the Senate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="History of the United States Congress">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="History of the United States House of Representatives">House history</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U.S._representative_bibliography_(congressional_memoirs)" title="U.S. representative bibliography (congressional memoirs)">memoirs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives_elections" title="List of Speaker of the United States House of Representatives elections">speaker elections</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="History of the United States Senate">Senate history</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_Senate_election_disputes" title="List of United States Senate election disputes">election disputes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._senator_bibliography_(congressional_memoirs)" title="U.S. senator bibliography (congressional memoirs)">memoirs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Continental_Congress" title="Continental Congress">Continental Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Hall" title="Federal Hall">Federal Hall (1789–1790)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_Hall" title="Congress Hall">Congress Hall (1790–1800)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Brick_Capitol" title="Old Brick Capitol">Old Brick Capitol (1815–1819)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biographical_Directory_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Biographical Directory of the United States Congress"><i>Biographical Directory</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Divided_government_in_the_United_States" title="Divided government in the United States">Divided government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Party_divisions_of_United_States_Congresses" title="Party divisions of United States Congresses">Party divisions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/C-SPAN" title="C-SPAN">C-SPAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Quarterly" title="Congressional Quarterly">Congressional Quarterly</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hill_(newspaper)" title="The Hill (newspaper)">The Hill</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Roll_Call" title="Roll Call">Roll Call</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Capitol_Complex_(Capitol_Hill)547" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_Complex" title="United States Capitol Complex">Capitol Complex</a> (<a href="/wiki/Capitol_Hill" title="Capitol Hill">Capitol Hill</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legislative<br />offices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_staff" title="Congressional staff">Congressional staff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_Accountability_Office" title="Government Accountability Office">Gov. Accountability Office (GAO)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comptroller_General_of_the_United_States" title="Comptroller General of the United States">Comptroller General</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architect_of_the_Capitol" title="Architect of the Capitol">Architect of the Capitol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_Police" title="United States Capitol Police">Cap. Police</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capitol_Police_Board" class="mw-redirect" title="Capitol Police Board">Board</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_Guide_Service" title="United States Capitol Guide Service">Cap. Guide Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Budget_Office" title="Congressional Budget Office">Congr. Budget Office (CBO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Congressional_Workplace_Rights" title="Office of Congressional Workplace Rights">Congr. Workplace Rights (OCWR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Government_Publishing_Office" title="United States Government Publishing Office">Gov. Publishing Office (GPO)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Technology_Assessment" title="Office of Technology Assessment">Technology Assessment</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Offices</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Curator_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Curator of the United States Senate">Curator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historian_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Historian of the United States Senate">Historical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Library" title="United States Senate Library">Library</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">House</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Congressional_Ethics" title="Office of Congressional Ethics">Congr. Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_Office_of_Emergency_Planning,_Preparedness,_and_Operations" title="United States House of Representatives Office of Emergency Planning, Preparedness, and Operations">Emergency Planning, Preparedness, and Operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_Office_of_Interparliamentary_Affairs" title="United States House of Representatives Office of Interparliamentary Affairs">Interparliamentary Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Law_Revision_Counsel" title="Office of the Law Revision Counsel">Law Revision Counsel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_the_Legislative_Counsel" title="Office of the Legislative Counsel">Legislative Counsel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives_Library" title="United States House of Representatives Library">Library</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Employees</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Secretary_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Secretary of the United States Senate">Secretary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaplain_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Chaplain of the United States Senate">Chaplain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curator_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Curator of the United States Senate">Curator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historian_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Historian of the United States Senate">Historian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Librarian" title="United States Senate Librarian">Librarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Page_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Page of the United States Senate">Pages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentarian_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Parliamentarian of the United States Senate">Parliamentarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergeant_at_Arms_of_the_United_States_Senate" title="Sergeant at Arms of the United States Senate">Sergeant at Arms and Doorkeeper</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">House</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaplain_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Chaplain of the United States House of Representatives">Chaplain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chief_Administrative_Officer_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Chief Administrative Officer of the United States House of Representatives">Chief Administrative Officer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clerk_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Clerk of the United States House of Representatives">Clerk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doorkeeper_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Doorkeeper of the United States House of Representatives">Doorkeeper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Director_of_Floor_Operations" title="Director of Floor Operations">Floor Operations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floor_Services_Chief" title="Floor Services Chief">Floor Services Chief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historian_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Historian of the United States House of Representatives">Historian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Page_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Page of the United States House of Representatives">Pages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_Page_Board" class="mw-redirect" title="House Page Board">Board</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parliamentarian_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Parliamentarian of the United States House of Representatives">Parliamentarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postmaster_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Postmaster of the United States House of Representatives">Postmaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reading_Clerk_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Reading Clerk of the United States House of Representatives">Reading Clerk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergeant_at_Arms_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Sergeant at Arms of the United States House of Representatives">Sergeant at Arms</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of<br />Congress</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Research_Service" title="Congressional Research Service">Congressional Research Service</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Research_Service_reports" class="mw-redirect" title="Congressional Research Service reports">reports</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Copyright_Office" title="United States Copyright Office">Copyright Office</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Register_of_Copyrights" title="Register of Copyrights">Register of Copyrights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_Library_of_Congress" title="Law Library of Congress">Law Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Poet_Laureate" title="United States Poet Laureate">Poet Laureate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/THOMAS" title="THOMAS">THOMAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams_Building" title="John Adams Building">Adams Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson_Building" title="Thomas Jefferson Building">Jefferson Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Madison_Memorial_Building" title="James Madison Memorial Building">Madison Building</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Government_Publishing_Office" title="United States Government Publishing Office">Gov.<br />Publishing Office</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Public_Printer_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Printer of the United States">Public Printer</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Pictorial_Directory" title="Congressional Pictorial Directory">Congressional Pictorial Directory</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Record" title="Congressional Record">Congressional Record</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Official_Congressional_Directory" title="Official Congressional Directory">Official Congressional Directory</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/United_States_Government_Manual" title="United States Government Manual">U.S. Gov. Manual</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Congressional_Serial_Set" title="United States Congressional Serial Set">Serial Set</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Statutes_at_Large" title="United States Statutes at Large">Statutes at Large</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Code" title="United States Code">United States Code</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol" title="United States Capitol">Capitol Building</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_artwork_at_the_United_States_Capitol_complex" title="List of artwork at the United States Capitol complex">List of artwork at the United States Capitol complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_portraits_in_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives_collection_(A-J)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of portraits in the United States House of Representatives collection (A-J)">List of portraits in the United States House of Representatives collection (A-J)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brumidi_Corridors" title="Brumidi Corridors">Brumidi Corridors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_Prayer_Room" title="Congressional Prayer Room">Congressional Prayer Room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_crypt" title="United States Capitol crypt">Crypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_dome" title="United States Capitol dome">Dome</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Freedom" title="Statue of Freedom">Statue of Freedom</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_rotunda" title="United States Capitol rotunda">Rotunda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hall_of_Columns" title="Hall of Columns">Hall of Columns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Statuary_Hall" title="National Statuary Hall">Statuary Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_Visitor_Center" title="United States Capitol Visitor Center">Visitor Center</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Apotheosis_of_Washington" title="The Apotheosis of Washington">The Apotheosis of Washington</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Freedom" title="Statue of Freedom">Statue of Freedom</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Declaration_of_Independence_(painting)" title="Declaration of Independence (painting)"><i>Declaration of Independence</i> painting</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scene_at_the_Signing_of_the_Constitution_of_the_United_States" title="Scene at the Signing of the Constitution of the United States">Scene at the Signing of the Constitution of the United States</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apotheosis_of_Democracy" title="Apotheosis of Democracy">Apotheosis of Democracy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Progress_of_Civilization_Pediment" title="Progress of Civilization Pediment">Progress of Civilization Pediment</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/First_Reading_of_the_Emancipation_Proclamation_of_President_Lincoln" title="First Reading of the Emancipation Proclamation of President Lincoln">First Reading of the Emancipation Proclamation of President Lincoln</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Surrender_of_General_Burgoyne" title="Surrender of General Burgoyne">Surrender of General Burgoyne</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Surrender_of_Lord_Cornwallis" title="Surrender of Lord Cornwallis">Surrender of Lord Cornwallis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_and_the_Revolutionary_War_Door" title="George Washington and the Revolutionary War Door">George Washington and the Revolutionary War Door</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_War_Door" title="Revolutionary War Door">Revolutionary War Door</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Columbus_Doors" title="Columbus Doors">Columbus Doors</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Washington_at_Princeton" title="Washington at Princeton">Washington at Princeton</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Westward_the_Course_of_Empire_Takes_Its_Way" title="Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way">Westward the Course of Empire Takes Its Way</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vice_President%27s_Room" title="Vice President's Room">VP's Room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_Vice_Presidential_Bust_Collection" title="United States Senate Vice Presidential Bust Collection">VP Bust Collection</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Congressional_office_buildings" title="Congressional office buildings">Office<br />buildings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Senate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dirksen_Senate_Office_Building" title="Dirksen Senate Office Building">Dirksen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hart_Senate_Office_Building" title="Hart Senate Office Building">Hart</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mountains_and_Clouds" title="Mountains and Clouds">Mountains and Clouds</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Senate_Office_Building" title="Russell Senate Office Building">Russell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">House</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_Office_Building_Commission" title="House Office Building Commission">Building Commission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congressional_office_lottery" title="Congressional office lottery">office lottery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannon_House_Office_Building" title="Cannon House Office Building">Cannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ford_House_Office_Building" title="Ford House Office Building">Ford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longworth_House_Office_Building" title="Longworth House Office Building">Longworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O%27Neill_House_Office_Building" title="O'Neill House Office Building">O'Neill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rayburn_House_Office_Building" title="Rayburn House Office Building">Rayburn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other<br />facilities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Botanic_Garden" title="United States Botanic Garden">Botanic Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_Staff_Health_and_Fitness_Facility" class="mw-redirect" title="Senate Staff Health and Fitness Facility">Health and Fitness Facility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Recording_Studio_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Recording Studio of the United States House of Representatives">House Recording Studio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_chamber" title="United States Senate chamber">Senate chamber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Senate_Chamber" title="Old Senate Chamber">Old Senate Chamber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Supreme_Court_Chamber" title="Old Supreme Court Chamber">Old Supreme Court Chamber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitol_Power_Plant" title="Capitol Power Plant">Power Plant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Webster_Senate_Page_Residence" title="Daniel Webster Senate Page Residence">Webster Page Residence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_subway_system" title="United States Capitol subway system">Subway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capitol_Hill" title="Capitol Hill">Capitol Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol_cornerstone_laying" title="United States Capitol cornerstone laying">United States Capitol cornerstone laying</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States_Congress&oldid=1276000648">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States_Congress&oldid=1276000648</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Native_American_members_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Category:Native American members of the United States Congress">Native American members of the United States Congress</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lists_of_members_of_the_United_States_Congress" title="Category:Lists of members of the United States Congress">Lists of members of the United States Congress</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lists_of_Native_American_people" title="Category:Lists of Native American people">Lists of Native American people</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_politics-related_lists" title="Category:United States politics-related lists">United States politics-related lists</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hCards" title="Category:Articles with hCards">Articles with hCards</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 16 February 2025, at 09:09<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States_Congress&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">List of Native Americans in the United States Congress</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>1 language</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-b766959bd-268bn","wgBackendResponseTime":146,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.609","walltime":"0.750","ppvisitednodes":{"value":4931,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":233452,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":6988,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":12,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":2,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":31742,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 552.898 1 -total"," 28.17% 155.727 1 Template:Congresslists"," 27.12% 149.963 1 Template:Navbox_with_collapsible_groups"," 19.06% 105.382 1 Template:Reflist"," 16.55% 91.495 5 Template:Cite_web"," 12.50% 69.128 1 Template:Short_description"," 10.93% 60.418 21 Template:Flagicon"," 9.69% 53.566 10 Template:Navbox"," 7.71% 42.608 2 Template:Pagetype"," 7.32% 40.497 44 Template:Dts"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.314","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":5994475,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-b766959bd-b8nvf","timestamp":"20250216104826","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"List of Native Americans in the United States Congress","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_Native_Americans_in_the_United_States_Congress","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q18149543","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q18149543","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2014-09-19T19:55:51Z","dateModified":"2025-02-16T09:09:43Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/9\/95\/Native_Americans_in_US_House.svg","headline":"Wikimedia list article"}</script> </body> </html>