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<li id="toc-Before_UML_1.0" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Before_UML_1.0"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Before UML 1.0</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Before_UML_1.0-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-UML_1.x" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#UML_1.x"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>UML 1.x</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-UML_1.x-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cardinality_notation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cardinality_notation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2.1</span> <span>Cardinality notation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cardinality_notation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-UML_2" class="vector-toc-list-item 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class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Software development methods</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Software_development_methods-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Modeling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Modeling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Modeling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Modeling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Diagrams" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Diagrams"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Diagrams</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Diagrams-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Diagrams subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Diagrams-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Structure_diagrams" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structure_diagrams"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Structure diagrams</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Structure_diagrams-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Behavior_diagrams" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Behavior_diagrams"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Behavior diagrams</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Behavior_diagrams-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Artifacts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Artifacts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Artifacts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Artifacts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Metamodeling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metamodeling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Metamodeling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metamodeling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adoption" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adoption"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Adoption</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adoption-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Unified Modeling Language</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 52 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-52" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">52 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_Modeling_Language" title="Unified Modeling Language – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Unified Modeling Language" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D9%85%D8%B0%D8%AC%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9" title="لغة النمذجة الموحدة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لغة النمذجة الموحدة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/UML" title="UML – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="UML" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/UML" title="UML – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="UML" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/UML" title="UML – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="UML" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llenguatge_de_modelitzaci%C3%B3_unificat" title="Llenguatge de modelització unificat – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llenguatge de modelització unificat" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_Modeling_Language" title="Unified Modeling Language – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Unified Modeling Language" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/UML" title="UML – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="UML" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_Modeling_Language" title="Unified Modeling Language – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Unified Modeling Language" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Chtne_modelleerimiskeel" title="Ühtne modelleerimiskeel – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ühtne modelleerimiskeel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%B9%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%B7_%CE%93%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1_%CE%A3%CF%87%CE%B5%CE%B4%CE%AF%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%A0%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%84%CF%8D%CF%80%CF%89%CE%BD" title="Ενοποιημένη Γλώσσα Σχεδίασης Προτύπων – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ενοποιημένη Γλώσσα Σχεδίασης Προτύπων" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenguaje_unificado_de_modelado" title="Lenguaje unificado de modelado – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Lenguaje unificado de modelado" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unuigita_Modeliga_Lingvo" title="Unuigita Modeliga Lingvo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Unuigita Modeliga Lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_Modeling_Language" title="Unified Modeling Language – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Unified Modeling Language" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%85%D8%AF%D9%84%E2%80%8C%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C_%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%86%D9%87" title="زبان مدل‌سازی یکپارچه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان مدل‌سازی یکپارچه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/UML_(informatique)" title="UML (informatique) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="UML (informatique)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linguaxe_de_Modelaxe_Unificada" title="Linguaxe de Modelaxe Unificada – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Linguaxe de Modelaxe Unificada" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%86%B5%ED%95%A9_%EB%AA%A8%EB%8D%B8%EB%A7%81_%EC%96%B8%EC%96%B4" title="통합 모델링 언어 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="통합 모델링 언어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AB%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A1_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%9C" title="युनिफाइड मोंडलिंग लैंग्वेज – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="युनिफाइड मोंडलिंग लैंग्वेज" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_Modeling_Language" title="Unified Modeling Language – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Unified Modeling Language" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/UML" title="UML – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="UML" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_Modeling_Language" title="Unified Modeling Language – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Unified Modeling Language" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_Modeling_Language" title="Unified Modeling Language – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Unified Modeling Language" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_Modeling_Language" title="Unified Modeling Language – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="Unified Modeling Language" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_Modeling_Language" title="Unified Modeling Language – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Unified Modeling Language" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_Modeling_Language" title="Unified Modeling Language – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Unified Modeling Language" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Унифициран јазик за моделирање – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Унифициран јазик за моделирање" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%88%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A1%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%99%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D" title="യൂണിഫൈഡ് മോഡലിങ്ങ് ലാംഗ്വേജ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="യൂണിഫൈഡ് മോഡലിങ്ങ് ലാംഗ്വേജ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/UML" title="UML – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="UML" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%87%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%BC%D1%8D%D0%BB_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Загварчлалын нэгдмэл хэл – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Загварчлалын нэгдмэл хэл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_Modeling_Language" title="Unified Modeling Language – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Unified Modeling Language" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B5%B1%E4%B8%80%E3%83%A2%E3%83%87%E3%83%AA%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E8%A8%80%E8%AA%9E" title="統一モデリング言語 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="統一モデリング言語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_Modeling_Language" title="Unified Modeling Language – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Unified Modeling Language" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_Modeling_Language" title="Unified Modeling Language – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Unified Modeling Language" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/UML" title="UML – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="UML" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_Modeling_Language" title="Unified Modeling Language – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Unified Modeling Language" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/UML" title="UML – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="UML" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_e_Unifikuar_e_Modelimit" title="Gjuha e Unifikuar e Modelimit – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha e Unifikuar e Modelimit" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_Modeling_Language" title="Unified Modeling Language – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Unified Modeling Language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_Modeling_Language" title="Unified Modeling Language – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Unified Modeling Language" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poenoteni_jezik_modeliranja" title="Poenoteni jezik modeliranja – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Poenoteni jezik modeliranja" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/UML" title="UML – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="UML" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/UML-mallinnus" title="UML-mallinnus – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="UML-mallinnus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_Modeling_Language" title="Unified Modeling Language – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Unified Modeling Language" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%92%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%99%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF" title="ஒருங்கு மாதிரியாக்க மொழி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஒருங்கு மாதிரியாக்க மொழி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%AB%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%AE%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A1%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B2%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%82%E0%B0%97%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%8D" title="యూనిఫైడ్ మాడలింగ్ లాంగ్వేజ్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="యూనిఫైడ్ మాడలింగ్ లాంగ్వేజ్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%87%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5" title="ยูเอ็มแอล – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ยูเอ็มแอล" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/UML" title="UML – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="UML" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_Modeling_Language" title="Unified Modeling Language – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Unified Modeling Language" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C3%B4n_ng%E1%BB%AF_m%C3%B4_h%C3%ACnh_h%C3%B3a_th%E1%BB%91ng_nh%E1%BA%A5t" title="Ngôn ngữ mô hình hóa thống nhất – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Ngôn ngữ mô hình hóa thống nhất" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unified_Modeling_Language" title="Unified Modeling Language – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Unified Modeling Language" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BB%9F%E4%B8%80%E5%BB%BA%E6%A8%A1%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="统一建模语言 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="统一建模语言" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"UML" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/UML_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="UML (disambiguation)">UML (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UML_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/UML_logo.svg/220px-UML_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/UML_logo.svg/330px-UML_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/UML_logo.svg/440px-UML_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="291" /></a><figcaption>UML logo</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>unified modeling language</b> (<b>UML</b>) is a general-purpose visual <a href="/wiki/Modeling_language" title="Modeling language">modeling language</a> that is intended to provide a standard way to visualize the design of a system.<sup id="cite_ref-OMG_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OMG-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>UML provides a standard notation for many types of diagrams which can be roughly divided into three main groups: behavior diagrams, interaction diagrams, and structure diagrams. </p><p>The creation of UML was originally motivated by the desire to standardize the disparate notational systems and approaches to software design. It was developed at <a href="/wiki/Rational_Software" title="Rational Software">Rational Software</a> in 1994–1995, with further development led by them through 1996.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1997, UML was adopted as a standard by the <a href="/wiki/Object_Management_Group" title="Object Management Group">Object Management Group</a> (OMG) and has been managed by this organization ever since. In 2005, UML was also published by the <a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">International Organization for Standardization</a> (ISO) and the <a href="/wiki/International_Electrotechnical_Commission" title="International Electrotechnical Commission">International Electrotechnical Commission</a> (IEC) as the <b>ISO/IEC 19501</b> standard.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since then the standard has been periodically revised to cover the latest revision of UML.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In software engineering, most practitioners do not use UML, but instead produce informal hand drawn diagrams; these diagrams, however, often include elements from UML.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 536">: 536 </span></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unified_Modeling_Language&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:OO_Modeling_languages_history.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/OO_Modeling_languages_history.jpg/320px-OO_Modeling_languages_history.jpg" decoding="async" width="320" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/OO_Modeling_languages_history.jpg/480px-OO_Modeling_languages_history.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/OO_Modeling_languages_history.jpg/640px-OO_Modeling_languages_history.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1418" /></a><figcaption>History of object-oriented methods and notation</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Before_UML_1.0">Before UML 1.0</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unified_Modeling_Language&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Before UML 1.0"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>UML has evolved since the second half of the 1990s and has its roots in the <a href="/wiki/Object-oriented_programming" title="Object-oriented programming">object-oriented programming</a> methods developed in the late 1980s and early 1990s. The timeline (see image) shows the highlights of the history of object-oriented modeling methods and notation. </p><p>It is originally based on the notations of the <a href="/wiki/Booch_method" title="Booch method">Booch method</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Object-modeling_technique" title="Object-modeling technique">object-modeling technique</a> (OMT), and <a href="/wiki/Object-oriented_software_engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Object-oriented software engineering">object-oriented software engineering</a> (OOSE), which it has integrated into a single language.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Rational_Software_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Rational Software Corporation">Rational Software Corporation</a> hired <a href="/wiki/James_Rumbaugh" title="James Rumbaugh">James Rumbaugh</a> from <a href="/wiki/General_Electric" title="General Electric">General Electric</a> in 1994 and after that, the company became the source for two of the most popular object-oriented modeling approaches of the day:<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rumbaugh's <a href="/wiki/Object-modeling_technique" title="Object-modeling technique">object-modeling technique</a> (OMT) and <a href="/wiki/Grady_Booch" title="Grady Booch">Grady Booch</a>'s method. They were soon assisted in their efforts by <a href="/wiki/Ivar_Jacobson" title="Ivar Jacobson">Ivar Jacobson</a>, the creator of the <a href="/wiki/Object-oriented_software_engineering" class="mw-redirect" title="Object-oriented software engineering">object-oriented software engineering</a> (OOSE) method, who joined them at Rational in 1995.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="UML_1.x">UML 1.x</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unified_Modeling_Language&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: UML 1.x"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under the technical leadership of those three (Rumbaugh, Jacobson, and Booch), a consortium called the <a href="/wiki/UML_Partners" title="UML Partners">UML Partners</a> was organized in 1996 to complete the <i>Unified Modeling Language (UML)</i> specification and propose it to the Object Management Group (OMG) for standardization. The partnership also contained additional interested parties (for example <a href="/wiki/Hewlett-Packard" title="Hewlett-Packard">HP</a>, <a href="/wiki/Digital_Equipment_Corporation" title="Digital Equipment Corporation">DEC</a>, <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>). The UML Partners' UML 1.0 draft was proposed to the OMG in January 1997 by the consortium. During the same month, the UML Partners formed a group, designed to define the exact meaning of language constructs, chaired by <a href="/wiki/Cris_Kobryn" title="Cris Kobryn">Cris Kobryn</a> and administered by Ed Eykholt, to finalize the specification and integrate it with other standardization efforts. The result of this work, UML 1.1, was submitted to the OMG in August 1997 and adopted by the OMG in November 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the first release, a task force was formed<sup id="cite_ref-:1_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to improve the language, which released several minor revisions, 1.3, 1.4, and 1.5.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The standards it produced (as well as the original standard) have been noted as being ambiguous and inconsistent.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cardinality_notation">Cardinality notation</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unified_Modeling_Language&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Cardinality notation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As with database Chen, Bachman, and ISO <a href="/wiki/ER_diagram" class="mw-redirect" title="ER diagram">ER diagrams</a>, class models are specified to use "look-across" <a href="/wiki/Cardinality_(data_modeling)" title="Cardinality (data modeling)">cardinalities</a>, even though several authors (<a href="/wiki/Merise" title="Merise">Merise</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Elmasri & Navathe,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> amongst others<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) prefer same-side or "look-here" for roles and both minimum and maximum cardinalities. Recent researchers (Feinerer<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Dullea et al. <sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) have shown that the "look-across" technique used by UML and ER diagrams is less effective and less coherent when applied to <i>n</i>-ary relationships of order strictly greater than 2. </p><p>Feinerer says: "Problems arise if we operate under the look-across semantics as used for UML associations. Hartmann<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> investigates this situation and shows how and why different transformations fail.", and: "As we will see on the next few pages, the look-across interpretation introduces several difficulties which prevent the extension of simple mechanisms from binary to <i>n</i>-ary associations." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="UML_2">UML 2</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unified_Modeling_Language&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: UML 2"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>UML 2.0 major revision replaced version 1.5 in 2005, which was developed with an enlarged consortium to improve the language further to reflect new experiences on the usage of its features.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although UML 2.1 was never released as a formal specification, versions 2.1.1 and 2.1.2 appeared in 2007, followed by UML 2.2 in February 2009. UML 2.3 was formally released in May 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-spec_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spec-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> UML 2.4.1 was formally released in August 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-spec_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spec-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> UML 2.5 was released in October 2012 as an "In progress" version and was officially released in June 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-spec_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spec-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The formal version 2.5.1 was adopted in December 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-OMG_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OMG-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are four parts to the UML 2.x specification: </p> <ul><li>The Superstructure that defines the notation and semantics for diagrams and their model elements</li> <li>The Infrastructure that defines the core metamodel on which the Superstructure is based</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Object_Constraint_Language" title="Object Constraint Language">Object Constraint Language</a> (OCL) for defining rules for model elements</li> <li>The UML Diagram Interchange that defines how UML 2 diagram layouts are exchanged</li></ul> <p>Until UML 2.4.1, the latest versions of these standards were:<sup id="cite_ref-Versions2.4.1_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Versions2.4.1-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>UML Superstructure version 2.4.1</li> <li>UML Infrastructure version 2.4.1</li> <li>OCL version 2.3.1</li> <li>UML Diagram Interchange version 1.0.</li></ul> <p>Since version 2.5, the UML Specification has been simplified (without Superstructure and Infrastructure), and the latest versions of these standards are now:<sup id="cite_ref-LatestVersions_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LatestVersions-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>UML Specification 2.5.1</li> <li>OCL version 2.4</li></ul> <p>It continues to be updated and improved by the revision task force, who resolve any issues with the language.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Design">Design</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unified_Modeling_Language&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Component-based-Software-Engineering-example2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/83/Component-based-Software-Engineering-example2.png" decoding="async" width="500" height="250" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="250" /></a><figcaption>An example of components in a travel reservation system</figcaption></figure> <p>UML offers a way to visualize a system's architectural blueprints in a diagram, including elements such as:<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>any <a href="/wiki/Activity_(UML)" title="Activity (UML)">activities</a> (jobs);</li> <li>individual <a href="/wiki/Component_(UML)" title="Component (UML)">components</a> of the system; <ul><li>and how they can interact with other <a href="/wiki/Software_component" title="Software component">software components</a>;</li></ul></li> <li>how the system will run;</li> <li>how entities interact with others (components and interfaces);</li> <li>external <a href="/wiki/User_interface" title="User interface">user interface</a>.</li></ul> <p>Although originally intended for object-oriented design documentation, UML has been extended to a larger set of design documentation (as listed above),<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and has been found useful in many contexts.<sup id="cite_ref-UML,_Success_Stories_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UML,_Success_Stories-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Software_development_methods">Software development methods</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unified_Modeling_Language&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Software development methods"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>UML is not a development method by itself;<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> however, it was designed to be compatible with the leading object-oriented software development methods of its time, for example, <a href="/wiki/Object-modeling_technique" title="Object-modeling technique">OMT</a>, <a href="/wiki/Booch_method" title="Booch method">Booch method</a>, <a href="/wiki/Objectory" title="Objectory">Objectory</a>, and especially <a href="/wiki/Rational_Unified_Process" class="mw-redirect" title="Rational Unified Process">RUP</a> it was originally intended to be used with when work began at Rational Software. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modeling">Modeling</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unified_Modeling_Language&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Modeling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It is important to distinguish between the UML model and the set of diagrams of a system. A diagram is a partial graphic representation of a system's model. The set of diagrams need not completely cover the model and deleting a diagram does not change the model. The model may also contain documentation that drives the model elements and diagrams (such as written use cases). </p><p>UML diagrams represent two different views of a system model:<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Static (or <i>structural</i>) view: emphasizes the static structure of the system using objects, attributes, operations and relationships. It includes <a href="/wiki/Class_diagram" title="Class diagram">class diagrams</a> and <a href="/wiki/Composite_structure_diagram" title="Composite structure diagram">composite structure diagrams</a>.</li> <li>Dynamic (or <i>behavioral</i>) view: emphasizes the dynamic behavior of the system by showing collaborations among objects and changes to the internal states of objects. This view includes <a href="/wiki/Sequence_diagram" title="Sequence diagram">sequence diagrams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Activity_diagram" title="Activity diagram">activity diagrams</a> and <a href="/wiki/UML_state_machine" title="UML state machine">state machine diagrams</a>.</li></ul> <p>UML models can be exchanged among <a href="/wiki/UML_tool" title="UML tool">UML tools</a> by using the <a href="/wiki/XML_Metadata_Interchange" title="XML Metadata Interchange">XML Metadata Interchange</a> (XMI) format. </p><p>In UML, one of the key tools for behavior modeling is the use-case model, caused by <a href="/wiki/OOSE" class="mw-redirect" title="OOSE">OOSE</a>. Use cases are a way of specifying required usages of a system. Typically, they are used to capture the requirements of a system, that is, what a system is supposed to do.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Diagrams">Diagrams</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unified_Modeling_Language&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Diagrams"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="background-color:#eecd9c"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Diagrams">UML diagram types</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color:#FFDEAD"> Structural UML diagrams</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Class_diagram" title="Class diagram">Class diagram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Component_diagram" title="Component diagram">Component diagram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Composite_structure_diagram" title="Composite structure diagram">Composite structure diagram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deployment_diagram" title="Deployment diagram">Deployment diagram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Object_diagram" title="Object diagram">Object diagram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Package_diagram" title="Package diagram">Package diagram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Profile_diagram" title="Profile diagram">Profile diagram</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color:#FFDEAD"> Behavioral UML diagrams</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content plainlist" style="text-align:left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Activity_diagram" title="Activity diagram">Activity diagram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communication_diagram" title="Communication diagram">Communication diagram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interaction_overview_diagram" title="Interaction overview diagram">Interaction overview diagram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sequence_diagram" title="Sequence diagram">Sequence diagram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UML_state_machine" title="UML state machine">State diagram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timing_diagram_(Unified_Modeling_Language)" title="Timing diagram (Unified Modeling Language)">Timing diagram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use_case_diagram" title="Use case diagram">Use case diagram</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:UML_diagram_types" title="Template:UML diagram types"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:UML_diagram_types&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:UML diagram types (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:UML_diagram_types" title="Special:EditPage/Template:UML diagram types"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>UML 2 has many types of diagrams, which are divided into two categories.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some types represent <i>structural</i> information, and the rest represent general types of <i>behavior</i>, including a few that represent different aspects of <i>interactions</i>. These diagrams can be categorized hierarchically as shown in the following class diagram:<sup id="cite_ref-:0_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:UML_diagrams_overview.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Hierarchy of UML 2.2 Diagrams, shown as a class diagram"><img alt="Hierarchy of UML 2.2 Diagrams, shown as a class diagram" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/UML_diagrams_overview.svg/600px-UML_diagrams_overview.svg.png" decoding="async" width="600" height="334" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/UML_diagrams_overview.svg/900px-UML_diagrams_overview.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/UML_diagrams_overview.svg/1200px-UML_diagrams_overview.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="808" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>Hierarchy of UML 2.2 Diagrams, shown as a <a href="/wiki/Class_diagram" title="Class diagram">class diagram</a></figcaption></figure> <p>These diagrams may all contain comments or notes explaining usage, constraint, or intent. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Structure_diagrams">Structure diagrams</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unified_Modeling_Language&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Structure diagrams"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Structure diagrams represent the static aspects of the system. It emphasizes the things that must be present in the system being modeled. Since structure diagrams represent the structure, they are used extensively in documenting the <a href="/wiki/Software_architecture" title="Software architecture">software architecture</a> of software systems. For example, the <a href="/wiki/Component_diagram" title="Component diagram">component diagram</a> describes how a software system is split up into components and shows the dependencies among these components. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center" style="width: initial"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Policy_Admin_Component_Diagram.PNG" class="mw-file-description" title="Component diagram"><img alt="Component diagram" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Policy_Admin_Component_Diagram.PNG/120px-Policy_Admin_Component_Diagram.PNG" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Policy_Admin_Component_Diagram.PNG/180px-Policy_Admin_Component_Diagram.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Policy_Admin_Component_Diagram.PNG/240px-Policy_Admin_Component_Diagram.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1454" data-file-height="974" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Component_diagram" title="Component diagram">Component diagram</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BankAccount1.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Class diagram"><img alt="Class diagram" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/BankAccount1.svg/120px-BankAccount1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/BankAccount1.svg/180px-BankAccount1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/BankAccount1.svg/240px-BankAccount1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="212" data-file-height="113" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Class_diagram" title="Class diagram">Class diagram</a></div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Behavior_diagrams">Behavior diagrams</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unified_Modeling_Language&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Behavior diagrams"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Behavior diagrams represent the dynamic aspect of the system. It emphasizes what must happen in the system being modeled. Since behavior diagrams illustrate the behavior of a system, they are used extensively to describe the functionality of software systems. As an example, the <a href="/wiki/Activity_diagram" title="Activity diagram">activity diagram</a> describes the business and operational step-by-step activities of the components in a system. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center" style="width: initial"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Activity_conducting.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Activity diagram"><img alt="Activity diagram" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Activity_conducting.svg/111px-Activity_conducting.svg.png" decoding="async" width="111" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Activity_conducting.svg/166px-Activity_conducting.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Activity_conducting.svg/222px-Activity_conducting.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="578" data-file-height="626" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Activity_diagram" title="Activity diagram">Activity diagram</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:UML_Use_Case_diagram.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Use case diagram"><img alt="Use case diagram" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/UML_Use_Case_diagram.svg/120px-UML_Use_Case_diagram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/UML_Use_Case_diagram.svg/180px-UML_Use_Case_diagram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/UML_Use_Case_diagram.svg/240px-UML_Use_Case_diagram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="513" data-file-height="304" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Use_case_diagram" title="Use case diagram">Use case diagram</a></div> </li> </ul> <p>Visual Representation: Staff User → Complaints System: Submit Complaint Complaints System → HR System: Forward Complaint HR System → Department: Assign Complaint Department → Complaints System: Update Resolution Complaints System → Feedback System: Request Feedback Feedback System → Staff User: Provide Feedback Staff User → Feedback System: Submit Feedback This description can be used to draw a sequence diagram using tools like Lucidchart, Draw.io, or any UML diagram software. The diagram would have actors on the left side, with arrows indicating the sequence of actions and interactions between systems and actors as described please Sequence diagram drow Sequence diagrams should be drawn for each use case to show how different objects interact with each other to achieve the functionality of the use case. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Artifacts">Artifacts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unified_Modeling_Language&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Artifacts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:UML_Artifact.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/UML_Artifact.PNG/320px-UML_Artifact.PNG" decoding="async" width="320" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/UML_Artifact.PNG/480px-UML_Artifact.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/UML_Artifact.PNG 2x" data-file-width="518" data-file-height="260" /></a><figcaption>Artifact manifesting components</figcaption></figure> <p>In UML, an <b>artifact</b><sup id="cite_ref-OMG_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OMG-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is the "specification of a physical piece of information that is used or produced by a <a href="/wiki/Software_development_process" title="Software development process">software development process</a>, or by deployment and operation of a system."<sup id="cite_ref-OMG_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OMG-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>"Examples of artifacts include model files, <a href="/wiki/Source_code" title="Source code">source</a> files, scripts, and <a href="/wiki/Binary_executable" class="mw-redirect" title="Binary executable">binary executable</a> files, a <a href="/wiki/Table_(database)" title="Table (database)">table</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Database_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Database system">database system</a>, a development deliverable, a <a href="/wiki/Word-processing" class="mw-redirect" title="Word-processing">word-processing</a> <a href="/wiki/Document" title="Document">document</a>, or a <a href="/wiki/Mail" title="Mail">mail</a> message."<sup id="cite_ref-OMG_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OMG-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Artifacts are the physical entities that are deployed on <a href="/wiki/Node_(UML)" title="Node (UML)">Nodes</a><sup id="cite_ref-OMG_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OMG-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (i.e. Devices and Execution Environments). Other UML elements such as classes and components are first manifested into artifacts and instances of these artifacts are then deployed. Artifacts can also be composed of other artifacts. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Metamodeling">Metamodeling</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unified_Modeling_Language&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Metamodeling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Meta-Object_Facility" title="Meta-Object Facility">Meta-Object Facility</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:M0-m3.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/M0-m3.png/320px-M0-m3.png" decoding="async" width="320" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/M0-m3.png/480px-M0-m3.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/93/M0-m3.png 2x" data-file-width="602" data-file-height="482" /></a><figcaption>Illustration of the Meta-Object Facility</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Object_Management_Group" title="Object Management Group">Object Management Group</a> (OMG) has developed a <a href="/wiki/Metamodeling" title="Metamodeling">metamodeling</a> architecture to define the UML, called the <a href="/wiki/Meta-Object_Facility" title="Meta-Object Facility">Meta-Object Facility</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> MOF is designed as a four-layered architecture, as shown in the image at right. It provides a meta-meta model at the top, called the M3 layer. This M3-model is the language used by Meta-Object Facility to build metamodels, called M2-models. </p><p>The most prominent example of a Layer 2 Meta-Object Facility model is the UML metamodel, which describes the UML itself. These M2-models describe elements of the M1-layer, and thus M1-models. These would be, for example, models written in UML. The last layer is the M0-layer or data layer. It is used to describe runtime instances of the system.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The meta-model can be extended using a mechanism called <a href="/wiki/Stereotype_(UML)" title="Stereotype (UML)">stereotyping</a>. This has been criticized as being insufficient/untenable by <a href="/wiki/Brian_Henderson-Sellers" title="Brian Henderson-Sellers">Brian Henderson-Sellers</a> and Cesar Gonzalez-Perez in "Uses and Abuses of the Stereotype Mechanism in UML 1.x and 2.0".<sup id="cite_ref-UsesAbusesStereotype_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UsesAbusesStereotype-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adoption">Adoption</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unified_Modeling_Language&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Adoption"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2013, UML had been marketed by OMG for many contexts, but aimed primarily at software development with limited success.<sup id="cite_ref-UML,_Success_Stories_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UML,_Success_Stories-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It has been treated, at times, as a design <a href="/wiki/No_silver_bullet" class="mw-redirect" title="No silver bullet">silver bullet</a>, which leads to problems. UML misuse includes overuse (designing every part of the system with it, which is unnecessary) and assuming that novices can design with it.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is considered a large language, with many <a href="/wiki/Syntax_(programming_languages)" title="Syntax (programming languages)">constructs</a>. Some people (including <a href="/wiki/Ivar_Jacobson" title="Ivar Jacobson">Jacobson</a>) feel that UML's size hinders learning and therefore uptake.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>MS Visual Studio dropped support for UML in 2016 due to lack of usage.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to Google Trends UML has been on a steady decline since 2004.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unified_Modeling_Language&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Applications_of_UML" title="Applications of UML">Applications of UML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_Process_Model_and_Notation" title="Business Process Model and Notation">Business Process Model and Notation</a> (BPMN)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/C4_model" title="C4 model">C4 model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Department_of_Defense_Architecture_Framework" title="Department of Defense Architecture Framework">Department of Defense Architecture Framework</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DOT_(graph_description_language)" title="DOT (graph description language)">DOT (graph description language)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Unified_Modeling_Language_tools" title="List of Unified Modeling Language tools">List of Unified Modeling Language tools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MODAF" title="MODAF">MODAF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model-based_testing" title="Model-based testing">Model-based testing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model-driven_engineering" title="Model-driven engineering">Model-driven engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Object-oriented_role_analysis_and_modeling" title="Object-oriented role analysis and modeling">Object-oriented role analysis and modeling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Process_Specification_Language" title="Process Specification Language">Process Specification Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systems_Modeling_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Systems Modeling Language">Systems Modeling Language</a> (SysML)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unified_Modeling_Language&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-OMG-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OMG_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OMG_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OMG_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OMG_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OMG_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OMG_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.omg.org/spec/UML/2.5.1/PDF"><i>Unified Modeling Language 2.5.1</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Object_Management_Group" title="Object Management Group">OMG</a> Document Number formal/2017-12-05. <a href="/wiki/Object_Management_Group" title="Object Management Group">Object Management Group</a> Standards Development Organization (OMG SDO). December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Unified+Modeling+Language+2.5.1&rft.series=OMG+Document+Number+formal%2F2017-12-05&rft.pub=Object+Management+Group+Standards+Development+Organization+%28OMG+SDO%29&rft.date=2017-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omg.org%2Fspec%2FUML%2F2.5.1%2FPDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnified+Modeling+Language" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="en" dir="ltr">Cite error: The named reference "OMG" was defined multiple times with different content (see the <a href="/wiki/Help:Cite_errors/Cite_error_references_duplicate_key" title="Help:Cite errors/Cite error references duplicate key">help page</a>).</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.informit.com/store/unified-modeling-language-user-guide-9780321267979"><i>Unified Modeling Language User Guide, The</i></a> (2 ed.). Addison-Wesley. 2005. p. 496. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0321267974" title="Special:BookSources/0321267974"><bdi>0321267974</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Unified+Modeling+Language+User+Guide%2C+The&rft.pages=496&rft.edition=2&rft.pub=Addison-Wesley&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0321267974&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.informit.com%2Fstore%2Funified-modeling-language-user-guide-9780321267979&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnified+Modeling+Language" class="Z3988"></span> See the sample content: look for history</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iso.org/iso/home/store/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=32620">"ISO/IEC 19501:2005 - Information technology - Open Distributed Processing - Unified Modeling Language (UML) Version 1.4.3"</a>. Iso.org. 1 April 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 May</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ISO%2FIEC+19501%3A2005+-+Information+technology+-+Open+Distributed+Processing+-+Unified+Modeling+Language+%28UML%29+Version+1.4.3&rft.pub=Iso.org&rft.date=2005-04-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iso.org%2Fiso%2Fhome%2Fstore%2Fcatalogue_tc%2Fcatalogue_detail.htm%3Fcsnumber%3D32620&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnified+Modeling+Language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iso.org/iso/iso_catalogue/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=32624">"ISO/IEC 19505-1:2012 - Information technology - Object Management Group Unified Modeling Language (OMG UML) - Part 1: Infrastructure"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ISO%2FIEC+19505-1%3A2012+-+Information+technology+-+Object+Management+Group+Unified+Modeling+Language+%28OMG+UML%29+-+Part+1%3A+Infrastructure&rft.pub=Iso.org&rft.date=2012-04-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iso.org%2Fiso%2Fiso_catalogue%2Fcatalogue_tc%2Fcatalogue_detail.htm%3Fcsnumber%3D32624&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnified+Modeling+Language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSebastian_BaltesStephan_Diehl2014" class="citation book cs1">Sebastian Baltes; Stephan Diehl (11 November 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145/2635868.2635891">"Sketches and diagrams in practice"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the 22nd <a href="/wiki/ACM_SIGSOFT" class="mw-redirect" title="ACM SIGSOFT">ACM SIGSOFT</a> International Symposium on Foundations of Software Engineering</i>. FSE 2014. <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">Association for Computing Machinery</a>. pp. 530–541. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ArXiv (identifier)">arXiv</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/1706.09172">1706.09172</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F2635868.2635891">10.1145/2635868.2635891</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4503-3056-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4503-3056-5"><bdi>978-1-4503-3056-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:2436333">2436333</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sketches+and+diagrams+in+practice&rft.btitle=Proceedings+of+the+22nd+ACM+SIGSOFT+International+Symposium+on+Foundations+of+Software+Engineering&rft.series=FSE+2014&rft.pages=530-541&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft.date=2014-11-11&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2F1706.09172&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A2436333%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F2635868.2635891&rft.isbn=978-1-4503-3056-5&rft.au=Sebastian+Baltes&rft.au=Stephan+Diehl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1145%2F2635868.2635891&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnified+Modeling+Language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.omg.org/spec/UML/2.4.1/Superstructure/PDF">"OMG Unified Modeling Language (OMG UML), Superstructure. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=OMG+Unified+Modeling+Language+%28OMG+UML%29%2C+Superstructure.+Version+2.4.1&rft.pub=Object+Management+Group&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.omg.org%2Fspec%2FUML%2F2.4.1%2FSuperstructure%2FPDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnified+Modeling+Language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Andreas Zendler (1997) <i>Advanced Concepts, Life Cycle Models and Tools for Objeckt-Oriented Software Development</i>. p. 122</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.omg.org/cgi-bin/doc?ad/97-08-11">"UML Specification version 1.1 (OMG document ad/97-08-11)"</a>. 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Shamkant, Navathe, Fundamentals of Database Systems, third ed., Addison-Wesley, Menlo Park, CA, USA, 2000.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaolo_AtzeniWesley_ChuHongjun_LuShuigeng_Zhou2004" class="citation book cs1">Paolo Atzeni; Wesley Chu; Hongjun Lu; Shuigeng Zhou; Tok Wang Ling, eds. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=InfoWorld&rft.atitle=UML+to+be+ejected+from+Microsoft+Visual+Studio&rft.date=2016-10-18&rft.aulast=Krill&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.infoworld.com%2Farticle%2F3131600%2Fuml-to-be-ejected-from-microsoft-visual-studio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnified+Modeling+Language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230723193301/https://trends.google.com/trends/explore?date=all&geo=US&q=UML&hl=en">"Google Trends"</a>. <i>Google Trends</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trends.google.com/trends/explore?date=all&geo=US&q=UML&hl=en">the original</a> on 23 July 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Google+Trends&rft.atitle=Google+Trends&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftrends.google.com%2Ftrends%2Fexplore%3Fdate%3Dall%26geo%3DUS%26q%3DUML%26hl%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnified+Modeling+Language" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unified_Modeling_Language&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmbler2004" class="citation book cs1">Ambler, Scott William (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100131215505/http://www.ambysoft.com/books/theObjectPrimer.html"><i>The Object Primer: Agile Model Driven Development with UML 2</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-54018-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-54018-6"><bdi>0-521-54018-6</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ambysoft.com/books/theObjectPrimer.html">the original</a> on 31 January 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 April</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Object+Primer%3A+Agile+Model+Driven+Development+with+UML+2&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-521-54018-6&rft.aulast=Ambler&rft.aufirst=Scott+William&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ambysoft.com%2Fbooks%2FtheObjectPrimer.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnified+Modeling+Language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChonolesJames_A._Schardt2003" class="citation book cs1">Chonoles, Michael Jesse; James A. Schardt (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/uml2fordummies00chon"><i>UML 2 for Dummies</i></a>. Wiley Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7645-2614-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-7645-2614-6"><bdi>0-7645-2614-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=UML+2+for+Dummies&rft.pub=Wiley+Publishing&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-7645-2614-6&rft.aulast=Chonoles&rft.aufirst=Michael+Jesse&rft.au=James+A.+Schardt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fuml2fordummies00chon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnified+Modeling+Language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFowler2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Fowler_(software_engineer)" title="Martin Fowler (software engineer)">Fowler, Martin</a> (2004). <i>UML Distilled: A Brief Guide to the Standard Object Modeling Language</i> (3rd ed.). Addison-Wesley. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-321-19368-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-321-19368-7"><bdi>0-321-19368-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=UML+Distilled%3A+A+Brief+Guide+to+the+Standard+Object+Modeling+Language&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Addison-Wesley&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-321-19368-7&rft.aulast=Fowler&rft.aufirst=Martin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnified+Modeling+Language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacobsonGrady_BoochJames_Rumbaugh1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ivar_Jacobson" title="Ivar Jacobson">Jacobson, Ivar</a>; Grady Booch; James Rumbaugh (1998). <i>The Unified Software Development Process</i>. Addison Wesley Longman. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-201-57169-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-201-57169-2"><bdi>0-201-57169-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Unified+Software+Development+Process&rft.pub=Addison+Wesley+Longman&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-201-57169-2&rft.aulast=Jacobson&rft.aufirst=Ivar&rft.au=Grady+Booch&rft.au=James+Rumbaugh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnified+Modeling+Language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Cecil_Martin" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Cecil Martin">Martin, Robert Cecil</a> (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/umlforjavaprogra00mart"><i>UML for Java Programmers</i></a>. Prentice Hall. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-13-142848-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-13-142848-9"><bdi>0-13-142848-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=UML+for+Java+Programmers&rft.pub=Prentice+Hall&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-13-142848-9&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Robert+Cecil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fumlforjavaprogra00mart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnified+Modeling+Language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNoran,_Ovidiu_S." class="citation web cs1">Noran, Ovidiu S. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.area-c54.it/public/business%20modelling%20-%20uml%20vs%20idef.pdf">"Business Modelling: UML vs. IDEF"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Business+Modelling%3A+UML+vs.+IDEF&rft.au=Noran%2C+Ovidiu+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.area-c54.it%2Fpublic%2Fbusiness%2520modelling%2520-%2520uml%2520vs%2520idef.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnified+Modeling+Language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHorst_Kargl" class="citation web cs1">Horst Kargl. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://umlnotation.sparxsystems.eu/">"Interactive UML Metamodel with additional Examples"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interactive+UML+Metamodel+with+additional+Examples&rft.au=Horst+Kargl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fumlnotation.sparxsystems.eu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnified+Modeling+Language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPenkerHans-Erik_Eriksson2000" class="citation book cs1">Penker, Magnus; <a href="/wiki/Hans-Erik_Eriksson" title="Hans-Erik Eriksson">Hans-Erik Eriksson</a> (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/businessmodeling00erik"><i>Business Modeling with UML</i></a>. John Wiley & Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-471-29551-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-471-29551-5"><bdi>0-471-29551-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Business+Modeling+with+UML&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-471-29551-5&rft.aulast=Penker&rft.aufirst=Magnus&rft.au=Hans-Erik+Eriksson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbusinessmodeling00erik&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnified+Modeling+Language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDouglass,_Bruce_Powel" class="citation web cs1">Douglass, Bruce Powel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bruce-douglass.com/">"Bruce Douglass: Real-Time Agile Systems and Software Development"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(web)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bruce+Douglass%3A+Real-Time+Agile+Systems+and+Software+Development&rft.au=Douglass%2C+Bruce+Powel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bruce-douglass.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnified+Modeling+Language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDouglass2014" class="citation book cs1">Douglass, Bruce (2014). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/businessmodeling00erik"><i>Real-Time UML Workshop 2nd Edition</i></a></span>. Newnes. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-471-29551-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-471-29551-8"><bdi>978-0-471-29551-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Real-Time+UML+Workshop+2nd+Edition&rft.pub=Newnes&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-471-29551-8&rft.aulast=Douglass&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbusinessmodeling00erik&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnified+Modeling+Language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDouglass2004" class="citation book cs1">Douglass, Bruce (2004). <i>Real-Time UML 3rd Edition</i>. Newnes. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0321160768" title="Special:BookSources/978-0321160768"><bdi>978-0321160768</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Real-Time+UML+3rd+Edition&rft.pub=Newnes&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0321160768&rft.aulast=Douglass&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnified+Modeling+Language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDouglass2002" class="citation book cs1">Douglass, Bruce (2002). <i>Real-Time Design Patterns</i>. Addison-Wesley Professional. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0201699562" title="Special:BookSources/978-0201699562"><bdi>978-0201699562</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Real-Time+Design+Patterns&rft.pub=Addison-Wesley+Professional&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0201699562&rft.aulast=Douglass&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnified+Modeling+Language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDouglass2009" class="citation book cs1">Douglass, Bruce (2009). <i>Real-Time Agility</i>. Addison-Wesley Professional. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0321545497" title="Special:BookSources/978-0321545497"><bdi>978-0321545497</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Real-Time+Agility&rft.pub=Addison-Wesley+Professional&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0321545497&rft.aulast=Douglass&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnified+Modeling+Language" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDouglass2010" class="citation book cs1">Douglass, Bruce (2010). <i>Design Patterns for Embedded Systems in C</i>. Newnes. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1856177078" title="Special:BookSources/978-1856177078"><bdi>978-1856177078</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Design+Patterns+for+Embedded+Systems+in+C&rft.pub=Newnes&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1856177078&rft.aulast=Douglass&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnified+Modeling+Language" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unified_Modeling_Language&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Unified_Modeling_Language" class="extiw" title="commons:Unified Modeling Language"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">Unified Modeling Language</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/40px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/60px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/80px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiversity has learning resources about <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/UML" class="extiw" title="v:UML">UML</a></b></i></div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uml.org/">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169411#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li>Current UML specification: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.omg.org/spec/UML/2.5.1/PDF"><i>Unified Modeling Language 2.5.1</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Object_Management_Group" title="Object Management Group">OMG</a> Document Number formal/2017-12-05. <a href="/wiki/Object_Management_Group" title="Object Management Group">Object Management Group</a> Standards Development Organization (OMG SDO). December 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Unified+Modeling+Language+2.5.1&rft.series=OMG+Document+Number+formal%2F2017-12-05&rft.pub=Object+Management+Group+Standards+Development+Organization+%28OMG+SDO%29&rft.date=2017-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.omg.org%2Fspec%2FUML%2F2.5.1%2FPDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUnified+Modeling+Language" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Unified_Modeling_Language" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Unified_Modeling_Language" title="Template:Unified Modeling Language"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Unified_Modeling_Language" title="Template talk:Unified Modeling Language"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Unified_Modeling_Language" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Unified Modeling Language"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Unified_Modeling_Language" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Unified Modeling Language</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Actors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Organizations</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Object_Management_Group" title="Object Management Group">Object Management Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UML_Partners" title="UML Partners">UML Partners</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>Persons</i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grady_Booch" title="Grady Booch">Grady Booch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ivar_Jacobson" title="Ivar Jacobson">Ivar Jacobson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Rumbaugh" title="James Rumbaugh">James Rumbaugh</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Use_case_diagram" title="Use case diagram"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Use_case_restaurant_model.svg/100px-Use_case_restaurant_model.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Use_case_restaurant_model.svg/150px-Use_case_restaurant_model.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Use_case_restaurant_model.svg/200px-Use_case_restaurant_model.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="496" data-file-height="496" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Object oriented</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Object-oriented_programming" title="Object-oriented programming">Object-oriented programming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Object-oriented_analysis_and_design" title="Object-oriented analysis and design">Object-oriented analysis and design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Object-oriented_modeling" title="Object-oriented modeling">Object-oriented modeling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Structure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Actor_(UML)" title="Actor (UML)">Actor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attribute_(computing)" title="Attribute (computing)">Attribute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artifact_(UML)" class="mw-redirect" title="Artifact (UML)">Artifact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_(computer_programming)" title="Class (computer programming)">Class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Component_(UML)" title="Component (UML)">Component</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protocol_(object-oriented_programming)" class="mw-redirect" title="Protocol (object-oriented programming)">Interface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Object_(computer_science)" title="Object (computer science)">Object</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Package_(UML)" title="Package (UML)">Package</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Profile_diagram" title="Profile diagram">Profile diagram</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Behavior</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Activity_(UML)" title="Activity (UML)">Activity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Event_(UML)" title="Event (UML)">Event</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Message_passing" title="Message passing">Message</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Method_(computer_programming)" title="Method (computer programming)">Method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_(computer_science)" title="State (computer science)">State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use_case" title="Use case">Use case</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Relationships</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Association_(object-oriented_programming)" title="Association (object-oriented programming)">Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Object_composition" title="Object composition">Composition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coupling_(computer_programming)" title="Coupling (computer programming)">Dependency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generalization" title="Generalization">Generalization</a> (or <a href="/wiki/Inheritance_(object-oriented_programming)" title="Inheritance (object-oriented programming)">Inheritance</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Extensibility</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Profile_(UML)" title="Profile (UML)">Profile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stereotype_(UML)" title="Stereotype (UML)">Stereotype</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Class_diagram#Multiplicity" title="Class diagram">Multiplicity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diagrams</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Structure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Class_diagram" title="Class diagram">Class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Component_diagram" title="Component diagram">Component</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Composite_structure_diagram" title="Composite structure diagram">Composite structure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deployment_diagram" title="Deployment diagram">Deployment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Object_diagram" title="Object diagram">Object</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Package_diagram" title="Package diagram">Package</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Behaviour</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Activity_diagram" title="Activity diagram">Activity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UML_state_machine" title="UML state machine">State Machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Use_case_diagram" title="Use case diagram">Use case</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Interaction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Communication_diagram" title="Communication diagram">Communications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sequence_diagram" title="Sequence diagram">Sequence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interaction_overview_diagram" title="Interaction overview diagram">Interaction overview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timing_diagram_(Unified_Modeling_Language)" title="Timing diagram (Unified Modeling Language)">Timing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Derived languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Systems_Modeling_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Systems Modeling Language">Systems Modeling Language (SysML)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UXF" title="UXF">UML eXchange Format (UXF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML_Metadata_Interchange" title="XML Metadata Interchange">XML Metadata Interchange (XMI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executable_UML" title="Executable UML">Executable UML (xUML)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_Unified_Modeling_Language_terms" title="Glossary of Unified Modeling Language terms">Glossary of UML terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rational_Unified_Process" class="mw-redirect" title="Rational Unified Process">Rational Unified Process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Unified_Modeling_Language_tools" title="List of Unified Modeling Language tools">List of Unified Modeling Language tools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Object_Modeling_in_Color" title="Object Modeling in Color">Object Modeling in Color</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Software_engineering" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Software_engineering" title="Template:Software engineering"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Software_engineering" title="Template talk:Software engineering"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Software_engineering" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Software engineering"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Software_engineering" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Software_engineering" title="Software engineering">Software engineering</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fields</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Computer_programming" title="Computer programming">Computer programming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DevOps" title="DevOps">DevOps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empirical_software_engineering" title="Empirical software engineering">Empirical software engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_software_engineering" title="Experimental software engineering">Experimental software engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formal_methods" title="Formal methods">Formal methods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Requirements_engineering" title="Requirements engineering">Requirements engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Search-based_software_engineering" title="Search-based software engineering">Search-based software engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Site_reliability_engineering" title="Site reliability engineering">Site reliability engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_software_engineering" title="Social software engineering">Social software engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_deployment" title="Software deployment">Software deployment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_design" title="Software design">Software design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_maintenance" title="Software maintenance">Software maintenance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_testing" title="Software testing">Software testing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systems_analysis" title="Systems analysis">Systems analysis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abstraction_(computer_science)" title="Abstraction (computer science)">Abstraction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Component-based_software_engineering" title="Component-based software engineering">Component-based software engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_compatibility" title="Computer compatibility">Software compatibility</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Backward_compatibility" title="Backward compatibility">Backward compatibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compatibility_layer" title="Compatibility layer">Compatibility layer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compatibility_mode" title="Compatibility mode">Compatibility mode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forward_compatibility" title="Forward compatibility">Forward compatibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_incompatibility" title="Software incompatibility">Software incompatibility</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_modeling" title="Data modeling">Data modeling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enterprise_architecture" title="Enterprise architecture">Enterprise architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Functional_specification" title="Functional specification">Functional specification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modeling_language" title="Modeling language">Modeling language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programming_paradigm" title="Programming paradigm">Programming paradigm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software" title="Software">Software</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_archaeology" title="Software archaeology">Software archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_architecture" title="Software architecture">Software architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_configuration_management" title="Software configuration management">Software configuration management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_development_process" title="Software development process">Software development process/methodology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_quality" title="Software quality">Software quality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_quality_assurance" title="Software quality assurance">Software quality assurance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_verification_and_validation" title="Software verification and validation">Software verification and validation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_system" title="Software system">Software system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Structured_analysis" title="Structured analysis">Structured analysis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Essential_systems_analysis" title="Essential systems analysis">Essential analysis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CI/CD" title="CI/CD">CI/CD</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Orientations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agile_software_development" title="Agile software development">Agile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aspect-oriented_programming" title="Aspect-oriented programming">Aspect-oriented</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Object-oriented_programming" title="Object-oriented programming">Object orientation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ontology_(information_science)" title="Ontology (information science)">Ontology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service-oriented_architecture" title="Service-oriented architecture">Service orientation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systems_development_life_cycle" title="Systems development life cycle">SDLC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Models</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Developmental</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agile_software_development" title="Agile software development">Agile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enterprise_unified_process" title="Enterprise unified process">EUP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executable_UML" title="Executable UML">Executable UML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incremental_build_model" title="Incremental build model">Incremental model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iterative_and_incremental_development" title="Iterative and incremental development">Iterative model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_prototyping" title="Software prototyping">Prototype model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapid_application_development" title="Rapid application development">RAD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unified_Process" class="mw-redirect" title="Unified Process">UP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scrum_(software_development)" title="Scrum (software development)">Scrum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spiral_model" title="Spiral model">Spiral model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V-model_(software_development)" title="V-model (software development)">V-model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterfall_model" title="Waterfall model">Waterfall model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extreme_programming" title="Extreme programming">XP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model-driven_engineering" title="Model-driven engineering">Model-driven engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round-trip_engineering" title="Round-trip engineering">Round-trip engineering</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_15504" title="ISO/IEC 15504">SPICE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capability_Maturity_Model_Integration" title="Capability Maturity Model Integration">CMMI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_model" title="Data model">Data model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entity%E2%80%93relationship_model" title="Entity–relationship model">ER model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Function_model" title="Function model">Function model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_model" title="Information model">Information model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metamodeling" title="Metamodeling">Metamodeling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Object_model" title="Object model">Object model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systems_modeling" title="Systems modeling">Systems model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/View_model" title="View model">View model</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/IDEF" title="IDEF">IDEF</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">UML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Systems_Language" title="Universal Systems Language">USL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systems_modeling_language" title="Systems modeling language">SysML</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related fields</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Computer_science" title="Computer science">Computer science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_engineering" title="Computer engineering">Computer engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Information_science" title="Information science">Information science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_management" title="Project management">Project management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Risk_management" title="Risk management">Risk management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Systems_engineering" title="Systems engineering">Systems engineering</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Software_engineering" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Software engineering">Commons</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Software_engineering" title="Category:Software engineering">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="ISO_standards_by_standard_number" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:ISO_standards" title="Template:ISO standards"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:ISO_standards" title="Template talk:ISO standards"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:ISO_standards" title="Special:EditPage/Template:ISO standards"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="ISO_standards_by_standard_number" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</a> standards <span class="nobold">by standard number</span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>List of <a href="/wiki/List_of_ISO_standards" title="List of ISO standards">ISO standards</a> – <a href="/wiki/List_of_ISO_romanizations" title="List of ISO romanizations">ISO romanizations</a> – <a href="/wiki/List_of_IEC_standards" title="List of IEC standards">IEC standards</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1–9999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_1" title="ISO 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2" title="ISO 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renard_series" title="Renard series">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_4" title="ISO 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_speed" title="Film speed">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Standard_Pipe" title="British Standard Pipe">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9" title="ISO 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A440_(pitch_standard)" title="A440 (pitch standard)">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renard_series" title="Renard series">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31" title="ISO 31">31</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-0" title="ISO 31-0">-0</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-1" title="ISO 31-1">-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-3" title="ISO 31-3">-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-4" title="ISO 31-4">-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-5" title="ISO 31-5">-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-6" title="ISO 31-6">-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-7" title="ISO 31-7">-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-8" title="ISO 31-8">-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-9" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 31-9">-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-10" title="ISO 31-10">-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-11" title="ISO 31-11">-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-12" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 31-12">-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31-13" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 31-13">-13</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_metric_screw_thread" title="ISO metric screw thread">68-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_128" title="ISO 128">128</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_216" title="ISO 216">216</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_217" title="ISO 217">217</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equal-loudness_contour" title="Equal-loudness contour">226</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Standard_Pipe" title="British Standard Pipe">228</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_233" title="ISO 233">233</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_259" title="ISO 259">259</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_metric_screw_thread" title="ISO metric screw thread">261</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_metric_screw_thread" title="ISO metric screw thread">262</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kappa_number" title="Kappa number">302</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vicat_softening_point" title="Vicat softening point">306</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazard_symbol#Ionizing_radiation_symbol" title="Hazard symbol">361</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_take-off" title="Power take-off">500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_shoe" title="Hot shoe">518</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prontor-Compur" title="Prontor-Compur">519</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_639" title="ISO 639">639</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-1" title="ISO 639-1">-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" title="ISO 639-2">-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-5" title="ISO 639-5">-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-6" title="ISO 639-6">-6</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_646" title="ISO/IEC 646">646</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_657" title="ISO 657">657</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_668" title="ISO 668">668</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_690" title="ISO 690">690</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_704" title="ISO 704">704</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_732" title="ISO 732">732</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antimagnetic_watch" title="Antimagnetic watch">764</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hole_punch" title="Hole punch">838</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_843" title="ISO 843">843</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_860" title="ISO 860">860</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_898" title="ISO 898">898</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_965" title="ISO 965">965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_999" title="ISO 999">999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_1000" title="ISO 1000">1000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnetic_ink_character_recognition" title="Magnetic ink character recognition">1004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/135_film" title="135 film">1007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OCR-A" title="OCR-A">1073-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OCR-B" title="OCR-B">1073-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longitudinal_redundancy_check" title="Longitudinal redundancy check">1155</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shock-resistant_watch#ISO_1413_shock-resistant_standard" title="Shock-resistant watch">1413</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALGOL_60" title="ALGOL 60">1538</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_1629" title="ISO 1629">1629</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_1745" title="ISO 1745">1745</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2014" title="ISO 2014">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2015" title="ISO 2015">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_2022" title="ISO/IEC 2022">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2033" title="ISO 2033">2033</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2047" title="ISO 2047">2047</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">2108</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2145" title="ISO 2145">2145</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2146" title="ISO 2146">2146</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_speed" title="Film speed">2240</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_Resistant_mark" title="Water Resistant mark">2281</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Atmosphere" title="International Standard Atmosphere">2533</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2709" title="ISO 2709">2709</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2711" title="ISO 2711">2711</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_speed" title="Film speed">2720</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2788" title="ISO 2788">2788</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2848" title="ISO 2848">2848</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2852" title="ISO 2852">2852</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_2921" title="ISO 2921">2921</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/126_film" title="126 film">3029</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3103" title="ISO 3103">3103</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">3166</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-1" title="ISO 3166-1">-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2" title="ISO 3166-2">-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-3" title="ISO 3166-3">-3</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">3297</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3307" title="ISO 3307">3307</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O-ring" title="O-ring">3601</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kunrei-shiki_romanization" title="Kunrei-shiki romanization">3602</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3864" title="ISO 3864">3864</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Recording_Code" title="International Standard Recording Code">3901</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FDI_World_Dental_Federation_notation" title="FDI World Dental Federation notation">3950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_3977" title="ISO 3977">3977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_4031" title="ISO 4031">4031</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_4157" title="ISO 4157">4157</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_4165" title="ISO 4165">4165</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">4217</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_4909" title="ISO/IEC 4909">4909</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_5218" title="ISO/IEC 5218">5218</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5426" title="ISO 5426">5426</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5427" title="ISO 5427">5427</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5428" title="ISO 5428">5428</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accuracy_and_precision" title="Accuracy and precision">5725</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5775" title="ISO 5775">5775</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5776" title="ISO 5776">5776</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_speed" title="Film speed">5800</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flowchart" title="Flowchart">5807</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_5964" title="ISO 5964">5964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Securities_Identification_Number" title="International Securities Identification Number">6166</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_6344" title="ISO 6344">6344</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_6346" title="ISO 6346">6346</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minimal_BASIC" title="Minimal BASIC">6373</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_6385" title="ISO 6385">6385</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_Resistant_mark" title="Water Resistant mark">6425</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANSI_escape_code" title="ANSI escape code">6429</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_6438" title="ISO 6438">6438</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_6523" title="ISO/IEC 6523">6523</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_6709" title="ISO 6709">6709</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_6943" title="ISO 6943">6943</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_7001" title="ISO 7001">7001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_7002" title="ISO 7002">7002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_7010" title="ISO 7010">7010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_7027" title="ISO 7027">7027</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7064" title="ISO/IEC 7064">7064</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">7098</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascal_(programming_language)" title="Pascal (programming language)">7185</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_7200" title="ISO 7200">7200</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OSI_model" title="OSI model">7498</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/OSI_model" title="OSI model">-1</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_7637" title="ISO 7637">7637</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_7736" title="ISO 7736">7736</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7810" title="ISO/IEC 7810">7810</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7811" title="ISO/IEC 7811">7811</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7812" title="ISO/IEC 7812">7812</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7813" title="ISO/IEC 7813">7813</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_7816" title="ISO/IEC 7816">7816</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphical_Kernel_System" title="Graphical Kernel System">7942</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8000" title="ISO 8000">8000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On-board_diagnostics" title="On-board diagnostics">8093</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8178" title="ISO 8178">8178</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuel_oil" title="Fuel oil">8217</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8373" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 8373">8373</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8501-1" title="ISO 8501-1">8501-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FTAM" title="FTAM">8571</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8583" title="ISO 8583">8583</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8601" title="ISO 8601">8601</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Document_Architecture" title="Open Document Architecture">8613</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_Graphics_Metafile" title="Computer Graphics Metafile">8632</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphical_Kernel_System" title="Graphical Kernel System">8651</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8652" title="ISO/IEC 8652">8652</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_8691" title="ISO 8691">8691</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphical_Kernel_System" title="Graphical Kernel System">8805/8806</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Language_Of_Temporal_Ordering_Specification" class="mw-redirect" title="Language Of Temporal Ordering Specification">8807</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuse_(automotive)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fuse (automotive)">8820-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859" title="ISO/IEC 8859">8859</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-1" title="ISO/IEC 8859-1">-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-2" title="ISO/IEC 8859-2">-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-3" title="ISO/IEC 8859-3">-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-4" title="ISO/IEC 8859-4">-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-5" title="ISO/IEC 8859-5">-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-6" title="ISO/IEC 8859-6">-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-7" title="ISO/IEC 8859-7">-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-8" title="ISO/IEC 8859-8">-8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO-8859-8-I" title="ISO-8859-8-I">-8-I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-9" title="ISO/IEC 8859-9">-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-10" title="ISO/IEC 8859-10">-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-11" title="ISO/IEC 8859-11">-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-12" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO/IEC 8859-12">-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-13" title="ISO/IEC 8859-13">-13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-14" title="ISO/IEC 8859-14">-14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-15" title="ISO/IEC 8859-15">-15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_8859-16" title="ISO/IEC 8859-16">-16</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Generalized_Markup_Language" title="Standard Generalized Markup Language">8879</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9000" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 9000">9000/9001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASMO_449" title="ASMO 449">9036</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SQL" title="SQL">9075</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_9126" title="ISO/IEC 9126">9126</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On-board_diagnostics" title="On-board diagnostics">9141</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_spray_test" title="Salt spray test">9227</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9241" title="ISO 9241">9241</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_Allocation_Table" title="File Allocation Table">9293</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiber_Distributed_Data_Interface" title="Fiber Distributed Data Interface">9314</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9362" title="ISO 9362">9362</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoe_size" title="Shoe size">9407</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CHILL" title="CHILL">9496</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_Message_Specification" title="Manufacturing Message Specification">9506</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_9529" title="ISO/IEC 9529">9529</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9564" title="ISO 9564">9564</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PHIGS" title="PHIGS">9592/9593</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X.500" title="X.500">9594</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9660" title="ISO 9660">9660</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_9797-1" title="ISO/IEC 9797-1">9797-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_9897" title="ISO 9897">9897</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ANSI_C" title="ANSI C">9899</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/POSIX" title="POSIX">9945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Georgian" title="Romanization of Georgian">9984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Armenian" title="Romanization of Armenian">9985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_9995" title="ISO/IEC 9995">9995</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">10000–19999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10006" title="ISO 10006">10006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10007" title="ISO 10007">10007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_10116" title="ISO/IEC 10116">10116</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whirlpool_(hash_function)" title="Whirlpool (hash function)">10118-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10160" title="ISO 10160">10160</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10161" title="ISO 10161">10161</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guidelines_for_the_Definition_of_Managed_Objects" title="Guidelines for the Definition of Managed Objects">10165</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Document_Style_Semantics_and_Specification_Language" title="Document Style Semantics and Specification Language">10179</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascal_(programming_language)#ISO/IEC_10206:1990_Extended_Pascal" title="Pascal (programming language)">10206</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10218" title="ISO 10218">10218</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Full_BASIC" title="Full BASIC">10279</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10303" title="ISO 10303">10303</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EXPRESS_(data_modeling_language)" title="EXPRESS (data modeling language)">-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10303-21" title="ISO 10303-21">-21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10303-22" title="ISO 10303-22">-22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10303-28" title="ISO 10303-28">-28</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STEP-NC" title="STEP-NC">-238</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_Identifier_Code" title="Market Identifier Code">10383</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ArmSCII" title="ArmSCII">10585</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IS-IS" title="IS-IS">10589</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10628" title="ISO 10628">10628</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Coded_Character_Set" title="Universal Coded Character Set">10646</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torx" title="Torx">10664</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RM-ODP" title="RM-ODP">10746</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multibus" title="Multibus">10861</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Music_Number" title="International Standard Music Number">10957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_10962" title="ISO 10962">10962</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_10967" title="ISO/IEC 10967">10967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEEE_11073" title="ISO/IEEE 11073">11073</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_11170" title="ISO 11170">11170</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-1" title="MPEG-1">11172</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_11179" title="ISO/IEC 11179">11179</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_11404" title="ISO/IEC 11404">11404</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JBIG" title="JBIG">11544</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_11783" title="ISO 11783">11783</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_11784_and_ISO_11785" title="ISO 11784 and ISO 11785">11784</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_11784_and_ISO_11785" title="ISO 11784 and ISO 11785">11785</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_11801" title="ISO/IEC 11801">11801</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trusted_Platform_Module" title="Trusted Platform Module">11889</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAN_bus#CAN_lower-layer_standards" title="CAN bus">11898</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_11940" title="ISO 11940">11940</a> (<a href="/wiki/ISO_11940-2" title="ISO 11940-2">-2</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/TR_11941" title="ISO/TR 11941">11941</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/TR_11941" title="ISO/TR 11941">11941 (TR)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_11992" title="ISO 11992">11992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_12006" title="ISO 12006">12006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DICOM" title="DICOM">12052</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_TR_12182" title="ISO/IEC TR 12182">12182</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_12207" title="ISO/IEC 12207">12207</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TIFF/EP" title="TIFF/EP">12234-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linguistic_categories#ISO_12620_(ISO_TC37_Data_Category_Registry,_ISOcat)" title="Linguistic categories">12620</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prolog" title="Prolog">13211</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prolog" title="Prolog">-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prolog" title="Prolog">-2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isofix" title="Isofix">13216</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topic_map" title="Topic map">13250</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_13399" title="ISO 13399">13399</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_13406-2" title="ISO 13406-2">13406-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/110_film" title="110 film">13450</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_13485" title="ISO 13485">13485</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_13490" title="ISO 13490">13490</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_13567" title="ISO 13567">13567</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z_notation" title="Z notation">13568</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_13584" title="ISO 13584">13584</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Bank_Account_Number" title="International Bank Account Number">13616</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISLISP" title="ISLISP">13816</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-2" title="MPEG-2">13818</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_14000" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 14000">14000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_14031" title="ISO 14031">14031</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_14224" title="ISO 14224">14224</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF/UA" title="PDF/UA">14289</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horsepower" title="Horsepower">14396</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_14443" title="ISO/IEC 14443">14443</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4" title="MPEG-4">14496</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_2" title="MPEG-4 Part 2">-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_3" title="MPEG-4 Part 3">-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delivery_Multimedia_Integration_Framework" title="Delivery Multimedia Integration Framework">-6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Video_Coding" title="Advanced Video Coding">-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-4_Part_11" title="MPEG-4 Part 11">-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_base_media_file_format" title="ISO base media file format">-12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MP4_file_format" title="MP4 file format">-14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MP4_file_format" title="MP4 file format">-17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MP4_file_format" title="MP4 file format">-20</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_14617" title="ISO 14617">14617</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_14644" title="ISO 14644">14644</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STEP-NC" title="STEP-NC">14649</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_14651" title="ISO/IEC 14651">14651</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_14698" title="ISO 14698">14698</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Software_maintenance" title="Software maintenance">14764</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">14882</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_14971" title="ISO 14971">14971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15022" title="ISO 15022">15022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15189" title="ISO 15189">15189</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_15288" title="ISO/IEC 15288">15288</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ada_Semantic_Interface_Specification" title="Ada Semantic Interface Specification">15291</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15398" title="ISO 15398">15398</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Criteria" title="Common Criteria">15408</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_2000" title="JPEG 2000">15444</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Motion_JPEG_2000" title="Motion JPEG 2000">-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPIP" title="JPIP">-9</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">15445</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF417" title="PDF417">15438</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_15504" title="ISO/IEC 15504">15504</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Identifier_for_Libraries_and_Related_Organizations" title="International Standard Identifier for Libraries and Related Organizations">15511</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15686" title="ISO 15686">15686</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_15693" title="ISO/IEC 15693">15693</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Audiovisual_Number" title="International Standard Audiovisual Number">15706</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Audiovisual_Number" title="International Standard Audiovisual Number">-2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Musical_Work_Code" title="International Standard Musical Work Code">15707</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_15897" title="ISO/IEC 15897">15897</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15919" title="ISO 15919">15919</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15924" title="ISO 15924">15924</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15926" title="ISO 15926">15926</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_15926_WIP" title="ISO 15926 WIP">15926 WIP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF/X" title="PDF/X">15930</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-7" title="MPEG-7">15938</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MaxiCode" title="MaxiCode">16023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECMAScript" title="ECMAScript">16262</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quality_function_deployment" title="Quality function deployment">16355-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_raster_content" title="Mixed raster content">16485</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF/VT" title="PDF/VT">16612-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_16750" title="ISO 16750">16750</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IATF_16949" title="IATF 16949">16949 (TS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_17024" title="ISO/IEC 17024">17024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_17025" title="ISO/IEC 17025">17025</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_17100" title="ISO 17100">17100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Virtualization_Format" title="Open Virtualization Format">17203</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SDMX" title="SDMX">17369</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_Entity_Identifier" title="Legal Entity Identifier">17442</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COLLADA" title="COLLADA">17506</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27002" title="ISO/IEC 27002">17799</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QR_code" title="QR code">18004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_18014" title="ISO/IEC 18014">18014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XL" title="JPEG XL">18181</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_18245" title="ISO 18245">18245</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Process_Specification_Language" title="Process Specification Language">18629</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photographic_Activity_Test" title="Photographic Activity Test">18916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF/A" title="PDF/A">19005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_19011" title="ISO 19011">19011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_19092-1" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 19092-1">19092</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO_19092-1" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 19092-1">-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_19092-2" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 19092-2">-2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_19114" title="ISO 19114">19114</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geospatial_metadata#ISO_19115:_Geographic_information_–_Metadata" title="Geospatial metadata">19115</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simple_Features" title="Simple Features">19125</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_Markup_Language#ISO_19136" title="Geography Markup Language">19136</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoe_size" title="Shoe size">19407</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_19439" title="ISO 19439">19439</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Object_Request_Broker_Architecture" title="Common Object Request Broker Architecture">19500</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">19501</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta-Object_Facility" title="Meta-Object Facility">19502</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML_Metadata_Interchange" title="XML Metadata Interchange">19503</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">19505</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knowledge_Discovery_Metamodel" title="Knowledge Discovery Metamodel">19506</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Object_Constraint_Language" title="Object Constraint Language">19507</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meta-Object_Facility" title="Meta-Object Facility">19508</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XML_Metadata_Interchange" title="XML Metadata Interchange">19509</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_Process_Model_and_Notation" title="Business Process Model and Notation">19510</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_19600" title="ISO 19600">19600</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_19752" title="ISO/IEC 19752">19752</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RELAX_NG" title="RELAX NG">19757</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_19770" title="ISO/IEC 19770">19770</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/X3D" title="X3D">19775-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_19794-5" title="ISO/IEC 19794-5">19794-5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloud_Infrastructure_Management_Interface" title="Cloud Infrastructure Management Interface">19831</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20000–29999</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_20000" title="ISO/IEC 20000">20000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_20022" title="ISO 20022">20022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_20121" title="ISO 20121">20121</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_20400" title="ISO 20400">20400</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Data_Protocol" title="Open Data Protocol">20802</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_Xin_code" title="Han Xin code">20830</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-21" title="MPEG-21">21000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_21001" title="ISO 21001">21001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Text_Code" title="International Standard Text Code">21047</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XS" title="JPEG XS">21122</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_21500" title="ISO 21500">21500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_21827" title="ISO/IEC 21827">21827</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_22000" title="ISO 22000">22000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECMAScript" title="ECMAScript">22275</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_22300" title="ISO 22300">22300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_22301" title="ISO 22301">22301</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_22395" title="ISO 22395">22395</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECMAScript_for_XML" title="ECMAScript for XML">22537</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-A" title="MPEG-A">23000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-D" title="MPEG-D">23003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-H" title="MPEG-H">23008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dynamic_Adaptive_Streaming_over_HTTP" title="Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP">23009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Versatile_Video_Coding" title="Versatile Video Coding">23090-3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MPEG-G" title="MPEG-G">23092</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essential_Video_Coding" title="Essential Video Coding">23094-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LCEVC" title="LCEVC">23094-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C_Sharp_(programming_language)" title="C Sharp (programming language)">23270</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Language_Infrastructure" title="Common Language Infrastructure">23271</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linux_Standard_Base" title="Linux Standard Base">23360</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rectangular_Micro_QR_Code" title="Rectangular Micro QR Code">23941</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF/E" title="PDF/E">24517</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexical_Markup_Framework" title="Lexical Markup Framework">24613</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO-TimeML" title="ISO-TimeML">24617</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Common_Logic" title="Common Logic">24707</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MicroPDF417" title="MicroPDF417">24728</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_25178" title="ISO 25178">25178</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_25964" title="ISO 25964">25964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_26000" title="ISO 26000">26000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_26262" title="ISO 26262">26262</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenDocument" title="OpenDocument">26300</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">26324</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27000-series" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO/IEC 27000-series">27000 series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27000" title="ISO/IEC 27000">27000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27001" title="ISO/IEC 27001">27001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27002" title="ISO/IEC 27002">27002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27005" title="ISO/IEC 27005">27005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_27006" title="ISO/IEC 27006">27006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">27729</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_28000" title="ISO 28000">28000</a></li> <li>29110</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Requirements_engineering" title="Requirements engineering">29148</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPEG_XR" title="JPEG XR">29199-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_Open_XML" title="Office Open XML">29500</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">30000+</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ruby_(programming_language)" title="Ruby (programming language)">30170</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_31000" title="ISO 31000">31000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PDF" title="PDF">32000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_37001" title="ISO 37001">37001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_38500" title="ISO/IEC 38500">38500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graph_Query_Language" title="Graph Query Language">39075</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Web_Content_Accessibility_Guidelines" title="Web Content Accessibility Guidelines">40500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_42010" title="ISO/IEC 42010">42010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_45001" title="ISO 45001">45001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_50001" title="ISO 50001">50001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_55000" title="ISO 55000">55000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO_56000" title="ISO 56000">56000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_80000" title="ISO/IEC 80000">80000</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" 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