CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Gabbro - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"bf8cf8cd-70bf-4706-a50a-25636a92be93","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Gabbro","wgTitle":"Gabbro","wgCurRevisionId":1251891275,"wgRevisionId":1251891275,"wgArticleId":13146,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from May 2023","Commons category link is on Wikidata","Mafic rocks","Plutonic rocks","Phaneritic rocks"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Gabbro","wgRelevantArticleId":13146,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[], "wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q46947","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false, "wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups", "ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/1gabbro.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="900"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/1gabbro.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="600"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/1gabbro.jpg/640px-1gabbro.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="480"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Gabbro - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabbro"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Gabbro&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabbro"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Gabbro rootpage-Gabbro skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Gabbro" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Gabbro" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Gabbro" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Gabbro" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Petrology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Petrology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Petrology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Petrology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Petrology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Petrology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Subtypes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subtypes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Subtypes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subtypes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gabbroids" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gabbroids"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Gabbroids</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gabbroids-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Distribution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Distribution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Distribution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Distribution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Uses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Gabbro</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 59 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-59" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">59 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabbro" title="Gabbro – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Gabbro" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88" title="غابرو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="غابرو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B" title="গ্যাব্রো – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গ্যাব্রো" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Габро – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Габро" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabre" title="Gabre – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gabre" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabro" title="Gabro – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Gabro" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabbro" title="Gabbro – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Gabbro" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabbro" title="Gabbro – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gabbro" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabro" title="Gabro – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Gabro" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%AC%CE%B2%CE%B2%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Γάββρος – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γάββρος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabro" title="Gabro – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gabro" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabro" title="Gabro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Gabro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabro" title="Gabro – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Gabro" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88" title="گابرو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گابرو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabbro" title="Gabbro – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Gabbro" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabr%C3%B3" title="Gabró – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Gabró" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabro" title="Gabro – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Gabro" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%98%EB%A0%A4%EC%95%94" title="반려암 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="반려암" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B3%D5%A1%D5%A2%D6%80%D5%B8" title="Գաբրո – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Գաբրո" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8B" title="गैब्रो – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="गैब्रो" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabro" title="Gabro – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Gabro" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabro" title="Gabro – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Gabro" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabro" title="Gabro – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gabro" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabbr%C3%B3" title="Gabbró – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Gabbró" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabbro" title="Gabbro – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Gabbro" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%95" title="גברו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גברו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%97%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8A" title="ಗ್ಯಾಬ್ರೊ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಗ್ಯಾಬ್ರೊ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9D" title="გაბრო – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გაბრო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Габбро – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Габбро" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabbro" title="Gabbro – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Gabbro" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Габбро – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Габбро" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabro" title="Gabro – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Gabro" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabras" title="Gabras – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Gabras" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabbr%C3%B3" title="Gabbró – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Gabbró" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Габро – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Габро" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B5%8B" title="ഗബ്ബ്രോ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഗബ്ബ്രോ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabbro" title="Gabbro – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gabbro" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%96%91%E3%82%8C%E3%81%84%E5%B2%A9" title="斑れい岩 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="斑れい岩" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabbro" title="Gabbro – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gabbro" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabbro" title="Gabbro – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Gabbro" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabbro" title="Gabbro – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Gabbro" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AB%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88" title="ګابرو – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="ګابرو" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabro" title="Gabro – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gabro" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabro" title="Gabro – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Gabro" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabro" title="Gabro – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Gabro" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Габбро – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Габбро" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabbro" title="Gabbro – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Gabbro" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabro" title="Gabro – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Gabro" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabro" title="Gabro – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Gabro" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Габро – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Габро" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabro" title="Gabro – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Gabro" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabro" title="Gabro – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Gabro" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabbro" title="Gabbro – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gabbro" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Габбро – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Габбро" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabro" title="Gabro – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Gabro" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Габро – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Габро" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabro" title="Gabro – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Gabro" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BE%89%E9%95%BF%E5%B2%A9" title="辉长岩 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="辉长岩" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BC%9D%E9%95%B7%E5%B2%A9" title="輝長岩 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="輝長岩" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q46947#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Gabbro" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Gabbro" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Gabbro"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabbro&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabbro&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Gabbro"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabbro&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabbro&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Gabbro" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Gabbro" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabbro&oldid=1251891275" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabbro&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Gabbro&id=1251891275&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGabbro"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGabbro"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Gabbro&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabbro&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gabbro" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q46947" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Coarse-grained mafic intrusive rock</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1gabbro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/1gabbro.jpg/220px-1gabbro.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/1gabbro.jpg/330px-1gabbro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/1gabbro.jpg/440px-1gabbro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Gabbro specimen</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gabbro_pmg_ss_2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Gabbro_pmg_ss_2006.jpg/220px-Gabbro_pmg_ss_2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Gabbro_pmg_ss_2006.jpg/330px-Gabbro_pmg_ss_2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Gabbro_pmg_ss_2006.jpg/440px-Gabbro_pmg_ss_2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Photomicrograph" class="mw-redirect" title="Photomicrograph">Photomicrograph</a> of a <a href="/wiki/Thin_section" title="Thin section">thin section</a> of gabbro</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Gabbro</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">GAB</span>-roh</i></a>) is a <a href="/wiki/Phaneritic" class="mw-redirect" title="Phaneritic">phaneritic</a> (coarse-grained and magnesium- and iron-rich), <a href="/wiki/Mafic" title="Mafic">mafic</a> <a href="/wiki/Intrusion" class="mw-redirect" title="Intrusion">intrusive</a> <a href="/wiki/Igneous_rock" title="Igneous rock">igneous rock</a> formed from the slow cooling <a href="/wiki/Magma" title="Magma">magma</a> into a <a href="/wiki/Crystallinity" title="Crystallinity">holocrystalline</a> mass deep beneath the <a href="/wiki/Earth" title="Earth">Earth</a>'s surface. Slow-cooling, coarse-grained gabbro is chemically equivalent to rapid-cooling, fine-grained <a href="/wiki/Basalt" title="Basalt">basalt</a>. Much of the Earth's <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_crust" title="Oceanic crust">oceanic crust</a> is made of gabbro, formed at <a href="/wiki/Mid-ocean_ridge" title="Mid-ocean ridge">mid-ocean ridges</a>. Gabbro is also found as <a href="/wiki/Pluton" class="mw-redirect" title="Pluton">plutons</a> associated with continental <a href="/wiki/Volcanism" title="Volcanism">volcanism</a>. Due to its variant nature, the term <i>gabbro</i> may be applied loosely to a wide range of intrusive rocks, many of which are merely "gabbroic". By rough analogy, gabbro is to <a href="/wiki/Basalt" title="Basalt">basalt</a> as <a href="/wiki/Granite" title="Granite">granite</a> is to <a href="/wiki/Rhyolite" title="Rhyolite">rhyolite</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabbro&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term "gabbro" was used in the 1760s to name a set of rock types that were found in the <a href="/wiki/Ophiolite" title="Ophiolite">ophiolites</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Apennine_Mountains" title="Apennine Mountains">Apennine Mountains</a> in Italy.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was named after <a href="/wiki/Gabbro,_Rosignano_Marittimo" title="Gabbro, Rosignano Marittimo">Gabbro</a>, a hamlet near <a href="/wiki/Rosignano_Marittimo" title="Rosignano Marittimo">Rosignano Marittimo</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tuscany" title="Tuscany">Tuscany</a>. Then, in 1809, the German geologist <a href="/wiki/Christian_Leopold_von_Buch" title="Christian Leopold von Buch">Christian Leopold von Buch</a> used the term more restrictively in his description of these Italian ophiolitic rocks.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He assigned the name "gabbro" to rocks that geologists nowadays would more strictly call "metagabbro" (<a href="/wiki/Metamorphism" title="Metamorphism">metamorphosed</a> gabbro).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Petrology">Petrology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabbro&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Petrology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mineralogy_igneous_rocks_EN.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Mineralogy_igneous_rocks_EN.svg/310px-Mineralogy_igneous_rocks_EN.svg.png" decoding="async" width="310" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Mineralogy_igneous_rocks_EN.svg/465px-Mineralogy_igneous_rocks_EN.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Mineralogy_igneous_rocks_EN.svg/620px-Mineralogy_igneous_rocks_EN.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="540" /></a><figcaption>Mineral assemblage of igneous rocks</figcaption></figure> <p>Gabbro is a coarse-grained (<a href="/wiki/Phaneritic" class="mw-redirect" title="Phaneritic">phaneritic</a>) <a href="/wiki/Igneous_rock" title="Igneous rock">igneous rock</a> that is relatively low in <a href="/wiki/Silica" class="mw-redirect" title="Silica">silica</a> and rich in iron, magnesium, and calcium. Such rock is described as <i><a href="/wiki/Mafic" title="Mafic">mafic</a></i>. Gabbro is composed of <a href="/wiki/Pyroxene" title="Pyroxene">pyroxene</a> (mostly clinopyroxene) and calcium-rich <a href="/wiki/Plagioclase" title="Plagioclase">plagioclase</a>, with minor amounts of <a href="/wiki/Hornblende" title="Hornblende">hornblende</a>, <a href="/wiki/Olivine" title="Olivine">olivine</a>, orthopyroxene and <a href="/wiki/Accessory_minerals" class="mw-redirect" title="Accessory minerals">accessory minerals</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With significant (>10%) olivine or orthopyroxene it is classified as olivine gabbro or gabbronorite respectively. Where present, hornblende is typically found as a rim around <a href="/wiki/Augite" title="Augite">augite</a> crystals or as large grains enclosing smaller grains of other minerals (<i><a href="/wiki/Poikilitic" class="mw-redirect" title="Poikilitic">poikilitic</a></i> grains).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BlattTracy1996_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BlattTracy1996-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Gabbroid"></span> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gabbroid_qapf.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Gabbroid_qapf.png/220px-Gabbroid_qapf.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Gabbroid_qapf.png/330px-Gabbroid_qapf.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Gabbroid_qapf.png/440px-Gabbroid_qapf.png 2x" data-file-width="570" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>QAPF diagram with the gabbroid/dioritoid fields highlighted in yellow. Gabbroids are distinguished from dioritoids by an anorthite content of greater than 50% of their plagioclase.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gabbro_qapf.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Gabbro_qapf.png/220px-Gabbro_qapf.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Gabbro_qapf.png/330px-Gabbro_qapf.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/Gabbro_qapf.png/440px-Gabbro_qapf.png 2x" data-file-width="570" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>QAPF diagram with the gabbro field highlighted in yellow. Gabbro is distinguished from diorite by an anorthite content of greater than 50% of its plagioclase and from anorthosite by a mafic mineral content greater than 10%.</figcaption></figure> <p>Geologists use rigorous quantitative definitions to classify coarse-grained igneous rocks, based on the mineral content of the rock. For igneous rocks composed mostly of silicate minerals, and in which at least 10% of the mineral content consists of <a href="/wiki/Quartz" title="Quartz">quartz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Feldspar" title="Feldspar">feldspar</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Feldspathoid" title="Feldspathoid">feldspathoid</a> minerals, classification begins with the <a href="/wiki/QAPF_diagram" title="QAPF diagram">QAPF diagram</a>. The relative abundances of quartz (Q), <a href="/wiki/Alkali_feldspar" class="mw-redirect" title="Alkali feldspar">alkali feldspar</a> (A), plagioclase (P), and feldspathoid (F), are used to plot the position of the rock on the diagram.<sup id="cite_ref-lebas-streckeisen-1991_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lebas-streckeisen-1991-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bgs_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bgs-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rock will be classified as either a <b>gabbroid</b> or a <a href="/wiki/Dioritoid" class="mw-redirect" title="Dioritoid">dioritoid</a> if quartz makes up less than 20% of the QAPF content, feldspathoid makes up less than 10% of the QAPF content, and plagioclase makes up more than 65% of the total feldspar content. Gabbroids are distinguished from dioritoids by an <a href="/wiki/Anorthite" title="Anorthite">anorthite</a> (calcium plagioclase) fraction of their total plagioclase of greater than 50%.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson1997"gabbroid"_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson1997"gabbroid"-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The composition of the plagioclase cannot easily be determined <a href="/wiki/Field_work" class="mw-redirect" title="Field work">in the field</a>, and then a preliminary distinction is made between dioritoid and gabbroid based on the content of mafic minerals. A gabbroid typically has over 35% mafic minerals, mostly pyroxenes or olivine, while a dioritoid typically has less than 35% mafic minerals, which typically includes hornblende.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlattTracy199671_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlattTracy199671-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gabbroids form a family of rock types similar to gabbro, such as <a href="/wiki/Monzogabbro" title="Monzogabbro">monzogabbro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quartz_gabbro" title="Quartz gabbro">quartz gabbro</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Nepheline-bearing_gabbro" title="Nepheline-bearing gabbro">nepheline-bearing gabbro</a>. Gabbro itself is more narrowly defined, as a gabbroid in which quartz makes up less than 5% of the QAPF content, feldspathoids are not present, and plagioclase makes up more than 90% of the feldspar content. Gabbro is distinct from <a href="/wiki/Anorthosite" title="Anorthosite">anorthosite</a>, which contains less than 10% mafic minerals.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson1997"gabbro"_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson1997"gabbro"-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lebas-streckeisen-1991_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lebas-streckeisen-1991-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bgs_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bgs-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Coarse-grained gabbroids are produced by slow crystallization of <a href="/wiki/Magma" title="Magma">magma</a> having the same composition as the <a href="/wiki/Lava" title="Lava">lava</a> that solidifies rapidly to form fine-grained (<a href="/wiki/Aphanitic" class="mw-redirect" title="Aphanitic">aphanitic</a>) <a href="/wiki/Basalt" title="Basalt">basalt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-lebas-streckeisen-1991_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lebas-streckeisen-1991-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bgs_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bgs-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Subtypes">Subtypes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabbro&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Subtypes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are a number of subtypes of gabbro recognized by geologists. Gabbros can be broadly divided into leucogabbros, with less than 35% mafic mineral content; mesogabbros, with 35% to 65% mafic mineral content; and melagabbros with more than 65% mafic mineral content. A rock with over 90% mafic mineral content will be classified instead as an <a href="/wiki/Ultramafic_rock" title="Ultramafic rock">ultramafic rock</a>. A gabbroic rock with less than 10% mafic mineral content will be classified as an anorthosite.<sup id="cite_ref-bgs_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bgs-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPhilpottsAgue2009142_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhilpottsAgue2009142-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A more detailed classification is based on the relative percentages of plagioclase, pyroxene, hornblende, and olivine. The end members are:<sup id="cite_ref-bgs_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bgs-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPhilpottsAgue2009142_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhilpottsAgue2009142-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Normal gabbro (gabbro <i>sensu stricto</i><sup id="cite_ref-bgs_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bgs-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) is composed almost entirely of plagioclase and <a href="/wiki/Clinopyroxene" class="mw-redirect" title="Clinopyroxene">clinopyroxene</a> (typically augite), with less than 5% each of hornblende, olivine, or <a href="/wiki/Orthopyroxene" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthopyroxene">orthopyroxene</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norite" title="Norite">Norite</a> is composed almost entirely of plagioclase and <a href="/wiki/Orthopyroxene" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthopyroxene">orthopyroxene</a>, with less than 5% each of hornblende, clinopyroxene, or olivine.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troctolite" title="Troctolite">Troctolite</a> is composed almost entirely of plagioclase and olivine, with less than 5% each of pyroxene or hornblende.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hornblende_gabbro" title="Hornblende gabbro">Hornblende gabbro</a> is composed almost entirely of plagioclase and hornblende, with less than 5% each of pyroxene or olivine.</li></ul> <p>Gabbros intermediate between these compositions are given names such as <a href="/wiki/Gabbronorite" class="mw-redirect" title="Gabbronorite">gabbronorite</a> (for a gabbro intermediate between normal gabbro and norite, with almost equal amounts of clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene) or olivine gabbro (for a gabbro containing significant olivine, but almost no clinopyroxene or hornblende). A rock similar to normal gabbro but containing more orthopyroxene is called an orthopyroxene gabbro, while a rock similar to norite but containing more clinopyroxene is called a clinopyroxene norite.<sup id="cite_ref-bgs_8-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bgs-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Main_ridge_of_the_cuillin_in_skye_arp.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Main_ridge_of_the_cuillin_in_skye_arp.jpg/220px-Main_ridge_of_the_cuillin_in_skye_arp.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Main_ridge_of_the_cuillin_in_skye_arp.jpg/330px-Main_ridge_of_the_cuillin_in_skye_arp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Main_ridge_of_the_cuillin_in_skye_arp.jpg/440px-Main_ridge_of_the_cuillin_in_skye_arp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3006" data-file-height="2026" /></a><figcaption>A gabbro landscape – the main ridge of the <a href="/wiki/Cuillin" title="Cuillin">Cuillin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isle_of_Skye" title="Isle of Skye">Isle of Skye</a>, <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%C4%8Cizlakit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/%C4%8Cizlakit.jpg/230px-%C4%8Cizlakit.jpg" decoding="async" width="230" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/%C4%8Cizlakit.jpg/345px-%C4%8Cizlakit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/%C4%8Cizlakit.jpg/460px-%C4%8Cizlakit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Cizlakite sample</figcaption></figure> <p>Gabbros are also sometimes classified as alkali or tholleiitic gabbros, by analogy with <a href="/wiki/Alkali_basalt" title="Alkali basalt">alkali</a> or <a href="/wiki/Tholeiitic_magma_series" title="Tholeiitic magma series">tholeiitic</a> basalts, of which they are considered the intrusive equivalents.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllaby2013"gabbro"_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllaby2013"gabbro"-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Alkali gabbro usually contains olivine, nepheline, or <a href="/wiki/Analcime" title="Analcime">analcime</a>, up to 10% of the mineral content,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson1997"alkali_gabbro"_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson1997"alkali_gabbro"-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while tholeiitic gabbro contains both clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene, making it a gabbronorite.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllaby2013"gabbro"_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllaby2013"gabbro"-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gabbroids">Gabbroids</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabbro&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Gabbroids"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gabbroids (also known as gabbroic-rocks<sup id="cite_ref-bgs_8-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bgs-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) are a family of coarse-grained igneous rocks similar to gabbro:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson1997"gabbroid"_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson1997"gabbroid"-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Quartz gabbro contains 5% to 20% quartz in its QAPF fraction. One example is the <i>cizlakite</i> at <a href="/wiki/Pohorje" title="Pohorje">Pohorje</a> in northeastern Slovenia,<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Monzogabbro contains 65% to 90% plagioclase out of its total feldspar content.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quartz_monzogabbro" title="Quartz monzogabbro">Quartz monzogabbro</a> combines the features of quartz gabbro and monzogabbro. It contains 5% to 20% quartz in its QAPF fraction, and 65% to 90% of its feldspar is plagioclase.</li> <li>Foid-bearing gabbro contains up to 10% feldspathoids rather than quartz. "Foid" in the name is usually replaced by the specific feldspathoid that is most abundant in the rock. For example, a <a href="/wiki/Nepheline" title="Nepheline">nepheline</a>-bearing gabbro is a foid-bearing gabbro in which the most abundant feldspathoid is nepheline.</li> <li>Foid-bearing monzogabbro resembles monzogabbro, but containing up to 10% feldspathoids in place of quartz. The same naming conventions apply as for foid-bearing gabbro, so that a gabbroid might be classified as a <a href="/wiki/Leucite" title="Leucite">leucite</a>-bearing monzogabbro.<sup id="cite_ref-bgs_8-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bgs-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Gabbroids contain minor amounts, typically a few percent, of iron-titanium oxides such as <a href="/wiki/Magnetite" title="Magnetite">magnetite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ilmenite" title="Ilmenite">ilmenite</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ulvospinel" class="mw-redirect" title="Ulvospinel">ulvospinel</a>. <a href="/wiki/Apatite" title="Apatite">Apatite</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zircon" title="Zircon">zircon</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Biotite" title="Biotite">biotite</a> may also be present as accessory minerals.<sup id="cite_ref-BlattTracy1996_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BlattTracy1996-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gabbro is generally coarse-grained, with crystals in the size range of 1 mm or larger. Finer-grained equivalents of gabbro are called <a href="/wiki/Diabase" title="Diabase">diabase</a> (also known as <a href="/wiki/Dolerite" class="mw-redirect" title="Dolerite">dolerite</a>), although the term <i>microgabbro</i> is often used when extra descriptiveness is desired. Gabbro may be extremely coarse-grained to <a href="/wiki/Pegmatitic" class="mw-redirect" title="Pegmatitic">pegmatitic</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bgs_8-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bgs-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some pyroxene-plagioclase <a href="/wiki/Cumulate_rock" title="Cumulate rock">cumulates</a> are essentially coarse-grained gabbro,<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and may exhibit acicular crystal habits.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gabbro is usually <a href="/wiki/Equigranular" title="Equigranular">equigranular</a> in texture, although it may also show <a href="/wiki/Ophitic_texture" class="mw-redirect" title="Ophitic texture">ophitic texture</a><sup id="cite_ref-BlattTracy1996_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BlattTracy1996-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (with laths of plagioclase enclosed in pyroxene<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Distribution">Distribution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabbro&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Distribution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zuma_rock.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Zuma_rock.jpg/220px-Zuma_rock.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Zuma_rock.jpg/330px-Zuma_rock.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Zuma_rock.jpg/440px-Zuma_rock.jpg 2x" data-file-width="567" data-file-height="327" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Zuma_Rock" title="Zuma Rock">Zuma Rock</a>, Nigeria, a massive, nearly uniform, intrusion of gabbro and <a href="/wiki/Granodiorite" title="Granodiorite">granodiorite</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Nearly all gabbros are found in plutonic bodies, and the term (as the <a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Geological_Sciences" title="International Union of Geological Sciences">International Union of Geological Sciences</a> recommends) is normally restricted just to plutonic rocks, although gabbro may be found as a coarse-grained interior <a href="/wiki/Facies" title="Facies">facies</a> of certain thick lavas.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gabbro can be formed as a massive, uniform intrusion via in-situ crystallisation of <a href="/wiki/Pyroxene" title="Pyroxene">pyroxene</a> and <a href="/wiki/Plagioclase" title="Plagioclase">plagioclase</a>, or as part of a <a href="/wiki/Layered_intrusion" title="Layered intrusion">layered intrusion</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Cumulate_rock" title="Cumulate rock">cumulate</a> formed by settling of pyroxene and plagioclase.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An alternative name for gabbros formed by crystal settling is <i>pyroxene-plagioclase adcumulate</i>. </p><p>Gabbro is much less common than more silica-rich intrusive rocks in the <a href="/wiki/Continental_crust" title="Continental crust">continental crust</a> of the Earth. Gabbro and gabbroids occur in some <a href="/wiki/Batholith" title="Batholith">batholiths</a> but these rocks are relatively minor components of these very large intrusions because their iron and calcium content usually makes gabbro and gabbroid magmas too dense to have the necessary buoyancy.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPhilpottsAgue2009102_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhilpottsAgue2009102-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, gabbro is an essential part of the oceanic crust, and can be found in many <a href="/wiki/Ophiolite" title="Ophiolite">ophiolite</a> complexes as layered gabbro underling <a href="/wiki/Sheeted_dike_complex" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheeted dike complex">sheeted dike complexes</a> and overlying <a href="/wiki/Ultramafic" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultramafic">ultramafic</a> rock derived from the <a href="/wiki/Earth%27s_mantle" title="Earth's mantle">Earth's mantle</a>. These layered gabbros may have formed from relatively small but long-lived <a href="/wiki/Magma_chamber" title="Magma chamber">magma chambers</a> underlying <a href="/wiki/Mid-ocean_ridge" title="Mid-ocean ridge">mid-ocean ridges</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPhilpottsAgue2009370–374_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhilpottsAgue2009370–374-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Layered gabbros are also characteristic of <a href="/wiki/Lopolith" title="Lopolith">lopoliths</a>, which are large, saucer-shaped intrusions that are primarily <a href="/wiki/Precambrian" title="Precambrian">Precambrian</a> in age. Prominent examples of lopoliths include the <a href="/wiki/Bushveld_Complex" class="mw-redirect" title="Bushveld Complex">Bushveld Complex</a> of South Africa, the <a href="/wiki/Muskox_intrusion" title="Muskox intrusion">Muskox intrusion</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territories" title="Northwest Territories">Northwest Territories</a> of Canada, the <a href="/wiki/Rum_layered_intrusion" title="Rum layered intrusion">Rum layered intrusion</a> of Scotland, the <a href="/wiki/Stillwater_complex" class="mw-redirect" title="Stillwater complex">Stillwater complex</a> of Montana, and the layered gabbros near <a href="/wiki/Stavanger" title="Stavanger">Stavanger</a>, Norway.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPhilpottsAgue200995–99_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhilpottsAgue200995–99-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gabbros are also present in <a href="/wiki/Stock_(geology)" title="Stock (geology)">stocks</a> associated with <a href="/wiki/Alkaline_magma_series" title="Alkaline magma series">alkaline volcanism</a> of <a href="/wiki/Continental_rifting" class="mw-redirect" title="Continental rifting">continental rifting</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPhilpottsAgue200999_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhilpottsAgue200999-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Uses">Uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabbro&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Gabbro often contains valuable amounts of <a href="/wiki/Chromium" title="Chromium">chromium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nickel" title="Nickel">nickel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cobalt" title="Cobalt">cobalt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gold" title="Gold">gold</a>, <a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">silver</a>, <a href="/wiki/Platinum" title="Platinum">platinum</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Copper" title="Copper">copper</a> <a href="/wiki/Sulfide" title="Sulfide">sulfides</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, the <a href="/wiki/Merensky_Reef" title="Merensky Reef">Merensky Reef</a> is the world's most important source of platinum.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPhilpottsAgue2009384–390_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhilpottsAgue2009384–390-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gabbro is known in the construction industry by the trade name of <i>black granite</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, gabbro is hard and difficult to work, which limits its use.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The term "indigo gabbro" is used as a common name for a mineralogically complex rock type often found in mottled tones of black and lilac-grey. It is mined in central Madagascar for use as a semi-precious stone. Indigo Gabbro can contain numerous minerals, including quartz and feldspar. Reports state that the dark matrix of the rock is composed of a mafic igneous rock, but whether this is basalt or gabbro is unclear.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabbro&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peridotite" title="Peridotite">Peridotite</a> – Coarse-grained ultramafic igneous rock type</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igneous_differentiation" title="Igneous differentiation">Igneous differentiation</a> – Geologic process in formation of some igneous rocks</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fractional_crystallization_(geology)" title="Fractional crystallization (geology)">Fractional crystallisation</a> – Process of rock formation</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabbro&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bortolotti, V. et al. <i>Chapter 11: Ophiolites, Ligurides and the tectonic evolution from spreading to convergence of a Mesozoic Western Tethys segment</i> in F. Vai, G.P. and Martini, I.P. (editors) (2001) <i>Anatomy of an Orogen: The Apennines and Adjacent Mediterranean Basins</i>, Dordrecht, Springer Science and Business Media, p. 151. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-481-4020-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-481-4020-6">978-90-481-4020-6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bortolotti, V. et al. <i>Chapter 11: Ophiolites, Ligurides and the tectonic evolution from spreading to convergence of a Mesozoic Western Tethys segment</i> in F. Vai, G.P. and Martini, I.P. (editors) (2001) <i>Anatomy of an Orogen: The Apennines and Adjacent Mediterranean Basins</i>, Dordrecht, Springer Science and Business Media, p. 152. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-481-4020-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-481-4020-6">978-90-481-4020-6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sandatlas.org/gabbro/"><i>Gabbro</i></a> at SandAtlas geology blog. Retrieved on 2015-07-09.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllaby2013" class="citation book cs1">Allaby, Michael (2013). "gabbro". <i>A dictionary of geology and earth sciences</i> (Fourth ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199653065" title="Special:BookSources/9780199653065"><bdi>9780199653065</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=gabbro&rft.btitle=A+dictionary+of+geology+and+earth+sciences&rft.place=Oxford&rft.edition=Fourth&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9780199653065&rft.aulast=Allaby&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGabbro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJackson1997" class="citation book cs1">Jackson, Julia A., ed. (1997). "gabbro". <i>Glossary of geology</i> (Fourth ed.). Alexandria, Virginia: American Geological Institute. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0922152349" title="Special:BookSources/0922152349"><bdi>0922152349</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=gabbro&rft.btitle=Glossary+of+geology.&rft.place=Alexandria%2C+Virginia&rft.edition=Fourth&rft.pub=American+Geological+Institute&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=0922152349&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGabbro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BlattTracy1996-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-BlattTracy1996_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BlattTracy1996_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-BlattTracy1996_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlattTracy1996" class="citation book cs1">Blatt, Harvey; Tracy, Robert J. (1996). <i>Petrology : igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic</i> (2nd ed.). New York: W.H. Freeman. p. 53. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0716724383" title="Special:BookSources/0716724383"><bdi>0716724383</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Petrology+%3A+igneous%2C+sedimentary%2C+and+metamorphic.&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=53&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=W.H.+Freeman&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0716724383&rft.aulast=Blatt&rft.aufirst=Harvey&rft.au=Tracy%2C+Robert+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGabbro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lebas-streckeisen-1991-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lebas-streckeisen-1991_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lebas-streckeisen-1991_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lebas-streckeisen-1991_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLe_BasStreckeisen1991" class="citation journal cs1">Le Bas, M. J.; Streckeisen, A. L. (1991). "The IUGS systematics of igneous rocks". <i>Journal of the Geological Society</i>. <b>148</b> (5): 825–833. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1991JGSoc.148..825L">1991JGSoc.148..825L</a>. <a href="/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeerX (identifier)">CiteSeerX</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.692.4446">10.1.1.692.4446</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1144%2Fgsjgs.148.5.0825">10.1144/gsjgs.148.5.0825</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:28548230">28548230</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Geological+Society&rft.atitle=The+IUGS+systematics+of+igneous+rocks&rft.volume=148&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=825-833&rft.date=1991&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.692.4446%23id-name%3DCiteSeerX&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A28548230%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1144%2Fgsjgs.148.5.0825&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1991JGSoc.148..825L&rft.aulast=Le+Bas&rft.aufirst=M.+J.&rft.au=Streckeisen%2C+A.+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGabbro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bgs-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bgs_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bgs_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bgs_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bgs_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bgs_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bgs_8-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bgs_8-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bgs_8-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bgs_8-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bgs_8-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/id/eprint/3223/1/RR99006.pdf">"Rock Classification Scheme - Vol 1 - Igneous"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>British Geological Survey: Rock Classification Scheme</i>. <b>1</b>: 1–52. 1999.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=British+Geological+Survey%3A+Rock+Classification+Scheme&rft.atitle=Rock+Classification+Scheme+-+Vol+1+-+Igneous&rft.volume=1&rft.pages=1-52&rft.date=1999&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnora.nerc.ac.uk%2Fid%2Feprint%2F3223%2F1%2FRR99006.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGabbro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhilpottsAgue2009" class="citation book cs1">Philpotts, Anthony R.; Ague, Jay J. (2009). <i>Principles of igneous and metamorphic petrology</i> (2nd ed.). Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. pp. 139–143. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-88006-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-88006-0"><bdi>978-0-521-88006-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Principles+of+igneous+and+metamorphic+petrology&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+UK&rft.pages=139-143&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-521-88006-0&rft.aulast=Philpotts&rft.aufirst=Anthony+R.&rft.au=Ague%2C+Jay+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGabbro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson1997"gabbroid"-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson1997"gabbroid"_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson1997"gabbroid"_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJackson1997">Jackson 1997</a>, "gabbroid".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBlattTracy199671-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBlattTracy199671_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBlattTracy1996">Blatt & Tracy 1996</a>, p. 71.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson1997"gabbro"-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson1997"gabbro"_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJackson1997">Jackson 1997</a>, "gabbro".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhilpottsAgue2009142-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPhilpottsAgue2009142_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPhilpottsAgue2009142_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPhilpottsAgue2009">Philpotts & Ague 2009</a>, p. 142.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAllaby2013"gabbro"-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllaby2013"gabbro"_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAllaby2013"gabbro"_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAllaby2013">Allaby 2013</a>, "gabbro".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJackson1997"alkali_gabbro"-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJackson1997"alkali_gabbro"_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJackson1997">Jackson 1997</a>, "alkali gabbro".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Le Maitre, R. W.; et al., eds., 2005, <i>Igneous Rocks: A Classification and Glossary of Terms,</i> Cambridge Univ. Press, 2nd ed., p. 69, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521619486" title="Special:BookSources/9780521619486">9780521619486</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeard1986" class="citation journal cs1">Beard, James S. (1 October 1986). "Characteristic mineralogy of arc-related cumulate gabbros: Implications for the tectonic setting of gabbroic plutons and for andesite genesis". <i>Geology</i>. <b>14</b> (10): 848–851. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1986Geo....14..848B">1986Geo....14..848B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1130%2F0091-7613%281986%2914%3C848%3ACMOACG%3E2.0.CO%3B2">10.1130/0091-7613(1986)14<848:CMOACG>2.0.CO;2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geology&rft.atitle=Characteristic+mineralogy+of+arc-related+cumulate+gabbros%3A+Implications+for+the+tectonic+setting+of+gabbroic+plutons+and+for+andesite+genesis&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=848-851&rft.date=1986-10-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1130%2F0091-7613%281986%2914%3C848%3ACMOACG%3E2.0.CO%3B2&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1986Geo....14..848B&rft.aulast=Beard&rft.aufirst=James+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGabbro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNicolasBoudierMainprice2016" class="citation journal cs1">Nicolas, Adolphe; Boudier, Françoise; Mainprice, David (April 2016). "Paragenesis of magma chamber internal wall discovered in Oman ophiolite gabbros". <i>Terra Nova</i>. <b>28</b> (2): 91–100. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2016TeNov..28...91N">2016TeNov..28...91N</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fter.12194">10.1111/ter.12194</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:130338632">130338632</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Terra+Nova&rft.atitle=Paragenesis+of+magma+chamber+internal+wall+discovered+in+Oman+ophiolite+gabbros&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=91-100&rft.date=2016-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A130338632%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fter.12194&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2016TeNov..28...91N&rft.aulast=Nicolas&rft.aufirst=Adolphe&rft.au=Boudier%2C+Fran%C3%A7oise&rft.au=Mainprice%2C+David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGabbro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWager1961" class="citation journal cs1">Wager, L. R. (October 1961). "A Note on the Origin of Ophitic Texture in the Chilled Olivine Gabbro of the Skaergaard Intrusion". <i>Geological Magazine</i>. <b>98</b> (5): 353–366. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1961GeoM...98..353W">1961GeoM...98..353W</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0016756800060829">10.1017/S0016756800060829</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:129950597">129950597</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geological+Magazine&rft.atitle=A+Note+on+the+Origin+of+Ophitic+Texture+in+the+Chilled+Olivine+Gabbro+of+the+Skaergaard+Intrusion&rft.volume=98&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=353-366&rft.date=1961-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A129950597%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0016756800060829&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1961GeoM...98..353W&rft.aulast=Wager&rft.aufirst=L.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGabbro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArndtNaldrettPyke1977" class="citation journal cs1">Arndt, N.T.; Naldrett, A.J.; Pyke, D.R. (1 May 1977). "Komatiitic and Iron-rich Tholeiitic Lavas of Munro Township, Northeast Ontario". <i>Journal of Petrology</i>. <b>18</b> (2): 319–369. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fpetrology%2F18.2.319">10.1093/petrology/18.2.319</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Petrology&rft.atitle=Komatiitic+and+Iron-rich+Tholeiitic+Lavas+of+Munro+Township%2C+Northeast+Ontario&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=319-369&rft.date=1977-05-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fpetrology%2F18.2.319&rft.aulast=Arndt&rft.aufirst=N.T.&rft.au=Naldrett%2C+A.J.&rft.au=Pyke%2C+D.R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGabbro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGill2010" class="citation book cs1">Gill, Robin (2010). <i>Igneous rocks and processes: a practical guide</i>. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4443-3065-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4443-3065-6"><bdi>978-1-4443-3065-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Igneous+rocks+and+processes%3A+a+practical+guide&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Wiley-Blackwell&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-4443-3065-6&rft.aulast=Gill&rft.aufirst=Robin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGabbro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEmeleusTroll2014" class="citation journal cs1">Emeleus, C. H.; Troll, V. R. (August 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1180%2Fminmag.2014.078.4.04">"The Rum Igneous Centre, Scotland"</a>. <i>Mineralogical Magazine</i>. <b>78</b> (4): 805–839. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014MinM...78..805E">2014MinM...78..805E</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1180%2Fminmag.2014.078.4.04">10.1180/minmag.2014.078.4.04</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0026-461X">0026-461X</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mineralogical+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+Rum+Igneous+Centre%2C+Scotland&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=805-839&rft.date=2014-08&rft.issn=0026-461X&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1180%2Fminmag.2014.078.4.04&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2014MinM...78..805E&rft.aulast=Emeleus&rft.aufirst=C.+H.&rft.au=Troll%2C+V.+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1180%252Fminmag.2014.078.4.04&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGabbro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhilpottsAgue2009102-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPhilpottsAgue2009102_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPhilpottsAgue2009">Philpotts & Ague 2009</a>, p. 102.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhilpottsAgue2009370–374-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPhilpottsAgue2009370–374_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPhilpottsAgue2009">Philpotts & Ague 2009</a>, pp. 370–374.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhilpottsAgue200995–99-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPhilpottsAgue200995–99_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPhilpottsAgue2009">Philpotts & Ague 2009</a>, pp. 95–99.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhilpottsAgue200999-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPhilpottsAgue200999_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPhilpottsAgue2009">Philpotts & Ague 2009</a>, p. 99.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIwasakiMalicsiLippWalker1982" class="citation journal cs1">Iwasaki, I.; Malicsi, A.S.; Lipp, R.J.; Walker, J.S. (August 1982). "By-product recovery from copper-nickel bearing duluth gabbro". <i>Resources and Conservation</i>. <b>9</b>: 105–117. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0166-3097%2882%2990066-9">10.1016/0166-3097(82)90066-9</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Resources+and+Conservation&rft.atitle=By-product+recovery+from+copper-nickel+bearing+duluth+gabbro&rft.volume=9&rft.pages=105-117&rft.date=1982-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0166-3097%2882%2990066-9&rft.aulast=Iwasaki&rft.aufirst=I.&rft.au=Malicsi%2C+A.S.&rft.au=Lipp%2C+R.J.&rft.au=Walker%2C+J.S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGabbro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLachizeLorandJuteau1991" class="citation book cs1">Lachize, M.; Lorand, J. P.; Juteau, T. (1991). "Cu-Ni-PGE Magmatic Sulfide Ores and their Host Layered Gabbros in the Haymiliyah Fossil Magma Chamber (Haylayn Block, Semail Ophiolite Nappe, Oman)". <i>Ophiolite Genesis and Evolution of the Oceanic Lithosphere</i>. Petrology and Structural Geology. Vol. 5. pp. 209–229. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-94-011-3358-6_12">10.1007/978-94-011-3358-6_12</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-94-010-5484-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-94-010-5484-3"><bdi>978-94-010-5484-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Cu-Ni-PGE+Magmatic+Sulfide+Ores+and+their+Host+Layered+Gabbros+in+the+Haymiliyah+Fossil+Magma+Chamber+%28Haylayn+Block%2C+Semail+Ophiolite+Nappe%2C+Oman%29&rft.btitle=Ophiolite+Genesis+and+Evolution+of+the+Oceanic+Lithosphere&rft.series=Petrology+and+Structural+Geology&rft.pages=209-229&rft.date=1991&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-94-011-3358-6_12&rft.isbn=978-94-010-5484-3&rft.aulast=Lachize&rft.aufirst=M.&rft.au=Lorand%2C+J.+P.&rft.au=Juteau%2C+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGabbro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArnasonBird2000" class="citation journal cs1">Arnason, John G.; Bird, Dennis K. (August 2000). "A Gold- and Platinum-Mineralized Layer in Gabbros of The Kap Edvard Holm Complex: Field, Petrologic, and Geochemical Relations". <i>Economic Geology</i>. <b>95</b> (5): 945–970. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2113%2Fgsecongeo.95.5.945">10.2113/gsecongeo.95.5.945</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Economic+Geology&rft.atitle=A+Gold-+and+Platinum-Mineralized+Layer+in+Gabbros+of+The+Kap+Edvard+Holm+Complex%3A+Field%2C+Petrologic%2C+and+Geochemical+Relations&rft.volume=95&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=945-970&rft.date=2000-08&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2113%2Fgsecongeo.95.5.945&rft.aulast=Arnason&rft.aufirst=John+G.&rft.au=Bird%2C+Dennis+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGabbro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPhilpottsAgue2009384–390-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPhilpottsAgue2009384–390_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPhilpottsAgue2009">Philpotts & Ague 2009</a>, pp. 384–390.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWinkler1994" class="citation book cs1">Winkler, Erhard M. (1994). <i>Stone in architecture : properties, durability</i> (3rd completely rev. and extended ed.). Berlin: Springer-Verlag. p. 101. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9783540576266" title="Special:BookSources/9783540576266"><bdi>9783540576266</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stone+in+architecture+%3A+properties%2C+durability&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pages=101&rft.edition=3rd+completely+rev.+and+extended&rft.pub=Springer-Verlag&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=9783540576266&rft.aulast=Winkler&rft.aufirst=Erhard+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGabbro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNational_Research_Council1982" class="citation book cs1">National Research Council (1 January 1982). <i>Conservation of Historic Stone Buildings and Monuments</i>. p. 80. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.17226%2F514">10.17226/514</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-309-03275-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-309-03275-9"><bdi>978-0-309-03275-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conservation+of+Historic+Stone+Buildings+and+Monuments&rft.pages=80&rft.date=1982-01-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.17226%2F514&rft.isbn=978-0-309-03275-9&rft.au=National+Research+Council&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGabbro" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabbro&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Gabbro" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Gabbro">Gabbro</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-odp.tamu.edu/publications/prelim/176_PREL/176IGNE.HTML">Ocean drilling program gabbro petrology</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.livescience.com/forcesofnature/060420_earth_drill.html">Scientists find the elusive gabbro</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Common_igneous_rocks_classified_by_silicon_dioxide_content" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Igneous_rocks" title="Template:Igneous rocks"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Igneous_rocks" title="Template talk:Igneous rocks"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Igneous_rocks" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Igneous rocks"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Common_igneous_rocks_classified_by_silicon_dioxide_content" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Common <a href="/wiki/Igneous_rock" title="Igneous rock">igneous rocks</a> classified by <a href="/wiki/Silicon_dioxide" title="Silicon dioxide">silicon dioxide</a> content</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;">Type</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Ultramafic_rock" title="Ultramafic rock">Ultramafic</a><br /><45% <a href="/wiki/Silicon_dioxide" title="Silicon dioxide">SiO<sub>2</sub></a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Mafic" title="Mafic">Mafic</a><br />45–52% <a href="/wiki/Silicon_dioxide" title="Silicon dioxide">SiO<sub>2</sub></a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Intermediate_composition" title="Intermediate composition">Intermediate</a><br />52–63% <a href="/wiki/Silicon_dioxide" title="Silicon dioxide">SiO<sub>2</sub></a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Intermediate_composition" title="Intermediate composition">Intermediate</a>–<a href="/wiki/Felsic" title="Felsic">felsic</a><br />63–69% <a href="/wiki/Silicon_dioxide" title="Silicon dioxide">SiO<sub>2</sub></a></td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Felsic" title="Felsic">Felsic</a><br />>69% <a href="/wiki/Silicon_dioxide" title="Silicon dioxide">SiO<sub>2</sub></a></td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align: center;width:12%;"><div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Volcanic_rock" title="Volcanic rock">Volcanic rocks</a>:</b><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Subvolcanic_rock" title="Subvolcanic rock">Subvolcanic rocks</a>:</b><br /><b><a href="/wiki/Pluton" class="mw-redirect" title="Pluton">Plutonic rocks</a>:</b> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: center;width:12%;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Picrite_basalt" title="Picrite basalt">Picrite basalt</a><br /><br /><a href="/wiki/Peridotite" title="Peridotite">Peridotite</a> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: center;width:12%;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Basalt" title="Basalt">Basalt</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Diabase" title="Diabase">Diabase (Dolerite)</a><br /><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gabbro</a> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: center;width:12%;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Andesite" title="Andesite">Andesite</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Diorite" title="Diorite">Microdiorite</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Diorite" title="Diorite">Diorite</a> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: center;width:12%;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Dacite" title="Dacite">Dacite</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Granodiorite" title="Granodiorite">Microgranodiorite</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Granodiorite" title="Granodiorite">Granodiorite</a> </p> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align: center;width:12%;"><div> <p><a href="/wiki/Rhyolite" title="Rhyolite">Rhyolite</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Granite" title="Granite">Microgranite</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Granite" title="Granite">Granite</a> </p> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Types_of_rocks" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Rock_type" title="Template:Rock type"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Rock_type" title="Template talk:Rock type"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Rock_type" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Rock type"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Types_of_rocks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Types of rocks</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Igneous_rock" title="Igneous rock">Igneous rock</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adakite" title="Adakite">Adakite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andesite" title="Andesite">Andesite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alkali_feldspar_granite" title="Alkali feldspar granite">Alkali feldspar granite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anorthosite" title="Anorthosite">Anorthosite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aplite" title="Aplite">Aplite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basalt" title="Basalt">Basalt</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alkali_basalt" title="Alkali basalt">Alkali basalt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picrite_basalt" title="Picrite basalt">Picrite basalt</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basaltic_trachyandesite" class="mw-redirect" title="Basaltic trachyandesite">Basaltic trachyandesite</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mugearite" title="Mugearite">Mugearite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoshonite" title="Shoshonite">Shoshonite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basanite" title="Basanite">Basanite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blairmorite" title="Blairmorite">Blairmorite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boninite" title="Boninite">Boninite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbonatite" title="Carbonatite">Carbonatite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charnockite" title="Charnockite">Charnockite</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enderbite" title="Enderbite">Enderbite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dacite" title="Dacite">Dacite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diabase" title="Diabase">Diabase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diorite" title="Diorite">Diorite</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Napoleonite" title="Napoleonite">Napoleonite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunite" title="Dunite">Dunite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essexite" title="Essexite">Essexite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foidolite" title="Foidolite">Foidolite</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gabbro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granite" title="Granite">Granite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granodiorite" title="Granodiorite">Granodiorite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granophyre" title="Granophyre">Granophyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harzburgite" title="Harzburgite">Harzburgite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hornblendite" title="Hornblendite">Hornblendite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyaloclastite" title="Hyaloclastite">Hyaloclastite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandite" title="Icelandite">Icelandite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignimbrite" title="Ignimbrite">Ignimbrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ijolite" title="Ijolite">Ijolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimberlite" title="Kimberlite">Kimberlite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Komatiite" title="Komatiite">Komatiite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamproite" title="Lamproite">Lamproite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamprophyre" title="Lamprophyre">Lamprophyre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latite" title="Latite">Latite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lherzolite" title="Lherzolite">Lherzolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monzogranite" title="Monzogranite">Monzogranite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monzonite" title="Monzonite">Monzonite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepheline_syenite" title="Nepheline syenite">Nepheline syenite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nephelinite" title="Nephelinite">Nephelinite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norite" title="Norite">Norite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obsidian" title="Obsidian">Obsidian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pegmatite" title="Pegmatite">Pegmatite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peridotite" title="Peridotite">Peridotite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phonolite" title="Phonolite">Phonolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phonotephrite" title="Phonotephrite">Phonotephrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porphyry_(geology)" title="Porphyry (geology)">Porphyry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumice" title="Pumice">Pumice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyroxenite" title="Pyroxenite">Pyroxenite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quartz_diorite" title="Quartz diorite">Quartz diorite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quartz_monzonite" title="Quartz monzonite">Quartz monzonite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quartzolite" title="Quartzolite">Quartzolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhyodacite" title="Rhyodacite">Rhyodacite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhyolite" title="Rhyolite">Rhyolite</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comendite" title="Comendite">Comendite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantellerite" title="Pantellerite">Pantellerite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scoria" title="Scoria">Scoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shonkinite" title="Shonkinite">Shonkinite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovite" title="Sovite">Sovite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syenite" title="Syenite">Syenite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tachylyte" class="mw-redirect" title="Tachylyte">Tachylyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tephriphonolite" title="Tephriphonolite">Tephriphonolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tephrite" title="Tephrite">Tephrite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tonalite" title="Tonalite">Tonalite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trachyandesite" title="Trachyandesite">Trachyandesite</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benmoreite" title="Benmoreite">Benmoreite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trachybasalt" title="Trachybasalt">Trachybasalt</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiite" title="Hawaiite">Hawaiite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trachyte" title="Trachyte">Trachyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troctolite" title="Troctolite">Troctolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trondhjemite" title="Trondhjemite">Trondhjemite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuff" title="Tuff">Tuff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Websterite" title="Websterite">Websterite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wehrlite" title="Wehrlite">Wehrlite</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sedimentary_rock" title="Sedimentary rock">Sedimentary rock</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argillite" title="Argillite">Argillite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arkose" title="Arkose">Arkose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banded_iron_formation" title="Banded iron formation">Banded iron formation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breccia" title="Breccia">Breccia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calcarenite" title="Calcarenite">Calcarenite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalk" title="Chalk">Chalk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chert" title="Chert">Chert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claystone" class="mw-redirect" title="Claystone">Claystone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coal" title="Coal">Coal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conglomerate_(geology)" title="Conglomerate (geology)">Conglomerate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coquina" title="Coquina">Coquina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diamictite" title="Diamictite">Diamictite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diatomite" class="mw-redirect" title="Diatomite">Diatomite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolomite_(rock)" title="Dolomite (rock)">Dolomite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evaporite" title="Evaporite">Evaporite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flint" title="Flint">Flint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geyserite" title="Geyserite">Geyserite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greywacke" title="Greywacke">Greywacke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gritstone" title="Gritstone">Gritstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itacolumite" title="Itacolumite">Itacolumite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaspillite" title="Jaspillite">Jaspillite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laterite" title="Laterite">Laterite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lignite" title="Lignite">Lignite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">Limestone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumachelle" title="Lumachelle">Lumachelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marl" title="Marl">Marl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudstone" title="Mudstone">Mudstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oil_shale" title="Oil shale">Oil shale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oolite" title="Oolite">Oolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phosphorite" title="Phosphorite">Phosphorite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandstone" title="Sandstone">Sandstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shale" title="Shale">Shale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siltstone" title="Siltstone">Siltstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvinite" title="Sylvinite">Sylvinite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tillite" class="mw-redirect" title="Tillite">Tillite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travertine" title="Travertine">Travertine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tufa" title="Tufa">Tufa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turbidite" title="Turbidite">Turbidite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varve" title="Varve">Varve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wackestone" title="Wackestone">Wackestone</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Metamorphic_rock" title="Metamorphic rock">Metamorphic rock</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthracite" title="Anthracite">Anthracite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amphibolite" title="Amphibolite">Amphibolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blueschist" title="Blueschist">Blueschist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cataclasite" title="Cataclasite">Cataclasite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eclogite" title="Eclogite">Eclogite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gneiss" title="Gneiss">Gneiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granulite" title="Granulite">Granulite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenschist" title="Greenschist">Greenschist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hornfels" title="Hornfels">Hornfels</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calcflinta" title="Calcflinta">Calcflinta</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Itabirite" title="Itabirite">Itabirite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litchfieldite" title="Litchfieldite">Litchfieldite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marble" title="Marble">Marble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migmatite" title="Migmatite">Migmatite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mylonite" title="Mylonite">Mylonite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metapelite" class="mw-redirect" title="Metapelite">Metapelite</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metapsammite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metapsammite (page does not exist)">Metapsammite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phyllite" title="Phyllite">Phyllite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudotachylite" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudotachylite">Pseudotachylite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quartzite" title="Quartzite">Quartzite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schist" title="Schist">Schist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serpentinite" title="Serpentinite">Serpentinite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skarn" title="Skarn">Skarn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slate" title="Slate">Slate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suevite" title="Suevite">Suevite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Talc_carbonate" title="Talc carbonate">Talc carbonate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soapstone" title="Soapstone">Soapstone</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tectonite" title="Tectonite">Tectonite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whiteschist" title="Whiteschist">Whiteschist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Specific varieties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adamellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Adamellite">Adamellite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appinite" title="Appinite">Appinite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aphanite" title="Aphanite">Aphanite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borolanite" title="Borolanite">Borolanite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larvikite" title="Larvikite">Blue Granite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epidosite" title="Epidosite">Epidosite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Felsite" title="Felsite">Felsite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flint" title="Flint">Flint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ganister" title="Ganister">Ganister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gossan" title="Gossan">Gossan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyaloclastite" title="Hyaloclastite">Hyaloclastite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ijolite" title="Ijolite">Ijolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jadeitite" title="Jadeitite">Jadeitite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jasperoid" title="Jasperoid">Jasperoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenyte" title="Kenyte">Kenyte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapis_lazuli" title="Lapis lazuli">Lapis lazuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larvikite" title="Larvikite">Larvikite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litchfieldite" title="Litchfieldite">Litchfieldite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Llanite" title="Llanite">Llanite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxullianite" title="Luxullianite">Luxullianite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mangerite" title="Mangerite">Mangerite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Novaculite" title="Novaculite">Novaculite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietersite" title="Pietersite">Pietersite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyrolite" title="Pyrolite">Pyrolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapakivi_granite" title="Rapakivi granite">Rapakivi granite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhomb_porphyry" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhomb porphyry">Rhomb porphyry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodingite" title="Rodingite">Rodingite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shonkinite" title="Shonkinite">Shonkinite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taconite" title="Taconite">Taconite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tachylite" title="Tachylite">Tachylite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teschenite" title="Teschenite">Teschenite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theralite" title="Theralite">Theralite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unakite" title="Unakite">Unakite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Variolite" title="Variolite">Variolite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wad_(mineral)" title="Wad (mineral)">Wad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46947#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46947#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46947#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Gabbro"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4155780-3">Germany</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Gabbro"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh85052652">United States</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Gabbro"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb122422777">France</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Gabbro"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb122422777">BnF data</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="gabra"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph138411&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007555553305171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://esu.com.ua/search_articles.php?id=27927">Encyclopedia of Modern Ukraine</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gabbro&oldid=1251891275">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gabbro&oldid=1251891275</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Mafic_rocks" title="Category:Mafic rocks">Mafic rocks</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Plutonic_rocks" title="Category:Plutonic rocks">Plutonic rocks</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Phaneritic_rocks" title="Category:Phaneritic rocks">Phaneritic rocks</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_May_2023" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from May 2023">Articles with unsourced statements from May 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_is_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link is on Wikidata">Commons category link is on Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 18 October 2024, at 17:26<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gabbro&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-r24xm","wgBackendResponseTime":237,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.756","walltime":"0.951","ppvisitednodes":{"value":4381,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":78112,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":3624,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":16,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":2,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":104524,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 824.862 1 -total"," 27.58% 227.514 1 Template:Reflist"," 17.07% 140.839 3 Template:Annotated_link"," 10.94% 90.201 1 Template:Igneous_rocks"," 10.68% 88.123 1 Template:Navbox_with_columns"," 10.52% 86.786 8 Template:Cite_book"," 9.20% 75.847 1 Template:Short_description"," 8.36% 68.919 14 Template:Sfn"," 7.26% 59.862 1 Template:Commons_category"," 7.09% 58.450 1 Template:Authority_control"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.510","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":15651022,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAllaby2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFArnasonBird2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFArndtNaldrettPyke1977\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBeard1986\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBlattTracy1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEmeleusTroll2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGill2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIwasakiMalicsiLippWalker1982\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJackson1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLachizeLorandJuteau1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLe_BasStreckeisen1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNational_Research_Council1982\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNicolasBoudierMainprice2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPhilpottsAgue2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWager1961\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWinkler1994\"] = 1,\n [\"Gabbroid\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Anchor\"] = 1,\n [\"Annotated link\"] = 3,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 8,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 9,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"IPAc-en\"] = 1,\n [\"ISBN\"] = 3,\n [\"Igneous rocks\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Respell\"] = 1,\n [\"Rock type\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 14,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-849f99967d-ll7zx","timestamp":"20241124053243","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Gabbro","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gabbro","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q46947","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q46947","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-01-22T01:01:07Z","dateModified":"2024-10-18T17:26:54Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/9\/90\/1gabbro.jpg","headline":"mafic intrusive igneous rock"}</script> </body> </html>