CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html>     <html class="no-js" lang="en"> <head> <title>Center for Global Christianity & Mission</title> <meta charset="UTF-8" /> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1" /><script type="text/javascript">(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).init={privacy:{cookies_enabled:true},ajax:{deny_list:[]}};(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).loader_config={xpid:"UgUAV1RQGwQCVVNXAwY=",licenseKey:"b19c58809e",applicationID:"7212547"};;/*! For license information please see nr-loader-full-1.285.0.min.js.LICENSE.txt */ (()=>{var e,t,r={8122:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>i});var n=r(944);function i(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.R)(3);if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,n.R)(4);const r=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(t),Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)),o=0===Object.keys(r).length?e:r;for(let a in o)if(void 0!==e[a])try{if(null===e[a]){r[a]=null;continue}Array.isArray(e[a])&&Array.isArray(t[a])?r[a]=Array.from(new Set([...e[a],...t[a]])):"object"==typeof e[a]&&"object"==typeof t[a]?r[a]=i(e[a],t[a]):r[a]=e[a]}catch(e){(0,n.R)(1,e)}return r}catch(e){(0,n.R)(2,e)}}},2555:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Vp:()=>c,fn:()=>s,x1:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={beacon:n.NT.beacon,errorBeacon:n.NT.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},a={};function s(e){try{const t=c(e);return!!t.licenseKey&&!!t.errorBeacon&&!!t.applicationID}catch(e){return!1}}function c(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("Info for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function u(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.info=a[e])}},9417:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D0:()=>h,gD:()=>p,xN:()=>g});var n=r(3333);const i=e=>{if(!e||"string"!=typeof e)return!1;try{document.createDocumentFragment().querySelector(e)}catch{return!1}return!0};var o=r(2614),a=r(944),s=r(384),c=r(8122);const u="[data-nr-mask]",d=()=>{const e={feature_flags:[],experimental:{marks:!1,measures:!1,resources:!1},mask_selector:"*",block_selector:"[data-nr-block]",mask_input_options:{color:!1,date:!1,"datetime-local":!1,email:!1,month:!1,number:!1,range:!1,search:!1,tel:!1,text:!1,time:!1,url:!1,week:!1,textarea:!1,select:!1,password:!0}};return{ajax:{deny_list:void 0,block_internal:!0,enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},get feature_flags(){return e.feature_flags},set feature_flags(t){e.feature_flags=t},generic_events:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},harvest:{interval:30},jserrors:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},logging:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},metrics:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},obfuscate:void 0,page_action:{enabled:!0},page_view_event:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},performance:{get capture_marks(){return e.feature_flags.includes(n.$v.MARKS)||e.experimental.marks},set capture_marks(t){e.experimental.marks=t},get capture_measures(){return e.feature_flags.includes(n.$v.MEASURES)||e.experimental.measures},set capture_measures(t){e.experimental.measures=t},capture_detail:!0,resources:{get enabled(){return e.feature_flags.includes(n.$v.RESOURCES)||e.experimental.resources},set enabled(t){e.experimental.resources=t},asset_types:[],first_party_domains:[],ignore_newrelic:!0}},privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},proxy:{assets:void 0,beacon:void 0},session:{expiresMs:o.wk,inactiveMs:o.BB},session_replay:{autoStart:!0,enabled:!1,preload:!1,sampling_rate:10,error_sampling_rate:100,collect_fonts:!1,inline_images:!1,fix_stylesheets:!0,mask_all_inputs:!0,get mask_text_selector(){return e.mask_selector},set mask_text_selector(t){i(t)?e.mask_selector="".concat(t,",").concat(u):""===t||null===t?e.mask_selector=u:(0,a.R)(5,t)},get block_class(){return"nr-block"},get ignore_class(){return"nr-ignore"},get mask_text_class(){return"nr-mask"},get block_selector(){return e.block_selector},set block_selector(t){i(t)?e.block_selector+=",".concat(t):""!==t&&(0,a.R)(6,t)},get mask_input_options(){return e.mask_input_options},set mask_input_options(t){t&&"object"==typeof t?e.mask_input_options={...t,password:!0}:(0,a.R)(7,t)}},session_trace:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},soft_navigations:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},spa:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},ssl:void 0,user_actions:{enabled:!0,elementAttributes:["id","className","tagName","type"]}}},l={},f="All configuration objects require an agent identifier!";function h(e){if(!e)throw new Error(f);if(!l[e])throw new Error("Configuration for ".concat(e," was never set"));return l[e]}function g(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);l[e]=(0,c.a)(t,d());const r=(0,s.nY)(e);r&&(r.init=l[e])}function p(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(f);var r=h(e);if(r){for(var n=t.split("."),i=0;i<n.length-1;i++)if("object"!=typeof(r=r[n[i]]))return;r=r[n[n.length-1]]}return r}},5603:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>c,o:()=>s});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const o={accountID:void 0,trustKey:void 0,agentID:void 0,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,xpid:void 0},a={};function s(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("LoaderConfig for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function c(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.loader_config=a[e])}},3371:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>f,f:()=>l});var n=r(8122),i=r(384),o=r(6154),a=r(9324);let s=0;const c={buildEnv:a.F3,distMethod:a.Xs,version:a.xv,originTime:o.WN},u={customTransaction:void 0,disabled:!1,isolatedBacklog:!1,loaderType:void 0,maxBytes:3e4,onerror:void 0,ptid:void 0,releaseIds:{},appMetadata:{},session:void 0,denyList:void 0,timeKeeper:void 0,obfuscator:void 0,harvester:void 0},d={};function l(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");if(!d[e])throw new Error("Runtime for ".concat(e," was never set"));return d[e]}function f(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");d[e]={...(0,n.a)(t,u),...c},Object.hasOwnProperty.call(d[e],"harvestCount")||Object.defineProperty(d[e],"harvestCount",{get:()=>++s});const r=(0,i.nY)(e);r&&(r.runtime=d[e])}},9324:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{F3:()=>i,Xs:()=>o,Yq:()=>a,xv:()=>n});const n="1.285.0",i="PROD",o="CDN",a="^2.0.0-alpha.18"},6154:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{OF:()=>u,RI:()=>i,WN:()=>f,bv:()=>o,gm:()=>a,lR:()=>l,m:()=>c,mw:()=>s,sb:()=>d});var n=r(1863);const i="undefined"!=typeof window&&!!window.document,o="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator),a=i?window:"undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis),s=Boolean("hidden"===a?.document?.visibilityState),c=""+a?.location,u=/iPad|iPhone|iPod/.test(a.navigator?.userAgent),d=u&&"undefined"==typeof SharedWorker,l=(()=>{const e=a.navigator?.userAgent?.match(/Firefox[/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);return Array.isArray(e)&&e.length>=2?+e[1]:0})(),f=Date.now()-(0,n.t)()},7295:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Xv:()=>a,gX:()=>i,iW:()=>o});var n=[];function i(e){if(!e||o(e))return!1;if(0===n.length)return!0;for(var t=0;t<n.length;t++){var r=n[t];if("*"===r.hostname)return!1;if(s(r.hostname,e.hostname)&&c(r.pathname,e.pathname))return!1}return!0}function o(e){return void 0===e.hostname}function a(e){if(n=[],e&&e.length)for(var t=0;t<e.length;t++){let r=e[t];if(!r)continue;0===r.indexOf("http://")?r=r.substring(7):0===r.indexOf("https://")&&(r=r.substring(8));const i=r.indexOf("/");let o,a;i>0?(o=r.substring(0,i),a=r.substring(i)):(o=r,a="");let[s]=o.split(":");n.push({hostname:s,pathname:a})}}function s(e,t){return!(e.length>t.length)&&t.indexOf(e)===t.length-e.length}function c(e,t){return 0===e.indexOf("/")&&(e=e.substring(1)),0===t.indexOf("/")&&(t=t.substring(1)),""===e||e===t}},3241:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>o});var n=r(6154);const i="newrelic";function o(e={}){try{n.gm.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(i,{detail:e}))}catch(e){}}},1687:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Ak:()=>c,Ze:()=>l,x3:()=>u});var n=r(7836),i=r(3606),o=r(860),a=r(2646);const s={};function c(e,t){const r={staged:!1,priority:o.P3[t]||0};d(e),s[e].get(t)||s[e].set(t,r)}function u(e,t){e&&s[e]&&(s[e].get(t)&&s[e].delete(t),h(e,t,!1),s[e].size&&f(e))}function d(e){if(!e)throw new Error("agentIdentifier required");s[e]||(s[e]=new Map)}function l(e="",t="feature",r=!1){if(d(e),!e||!s[e].get(t)||r)return h(e,t);s[e].get(t).staged=!0,f(e)}function f(e){const t=Array.from(s[e]);t.every((([e,t])=>t.staged))&&(t.sort(((e,t)=>e[1].priority-t[1].priority)),t.forEach((([t])=>{s[e].delete(t),h(e,t)})))}function h(e,t,r=!0){const o=e?n.ee.get(e):n.ee,s=i.i.handlers;if(!o.aborted&&o.backlog&&s){if(r){const e=o.backlog[t],r=s[t];if(r){for(let t=0;e&&t<e.length;++t)g(e[t],r);Object.entries(r).forEach((([e,t])=>{Object.values(t||{}).forEach((t=>{t[0]?.on&&t[0]?.context()instanceof a.y&&t[0].on(e,t[1])}))}))}}o.isolatedBacklog||delete s[t],o.backlog[t]=null,o.emit("drain-"+t,[])}}function g(e,t){var r=e[1];Object.values(t[r]||{}).forEach((t=>{var r=e[0];if(t[0]===r){var n=t[1],i=e[3],o=e[2];n.apply(i,o)}}))}},7836:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{P:()=>c,ee:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(8990),o=r(3371),a=r(2646),s=r(5607);const c="nr@context:".concat(s.W),u=function e(t,r){var n={},s={},d={},l=!1;try{l=16===r.length&&(0,o.f)(r).isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var f={on:g,addEventListener:g,removeEventListener:function(e,t){var r=n[e];if(!r)return;for(var i=0;i<r.length;i++)r[i]===t&&r.splice(i,1)},emit:function(e,r,n,i,o){!1!==o&&(o=!0);if(u.aborted&&!i)return;t&&o&&t.emit(e,r,n);for(var a=h(n),c=p(e),d=c.length,l=0;l<d;l++)c[l].apply(a,r);var g=v()[s[e]];g&&g.push([f,e,r,a]);return a},get:m,listeners:p,context:h,buffer:function(e,t){const r=v();if(t=t||"feature",f.aborted)return;Object.entries(e||{}).forEach((([e,n])=>{s[n]=t,t in r||(r[t]=[])}))},abort:function(){f._aborted=!0,Object.keys(f.backlog).forEach((e=>{delete f.backlog[e]}))},isBuffering:function(e){return!!v()[s[e]]},debugId:r,backlog:l?{}:t&&"object"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{},isolatedBacklog:l};return Object.defineProperty(f,"aborted",{get:()=>{let e=f._aborted||!1;return e||(t&&(e=t.aborted),e)}}),f;function h(e){return e&&e instanceof a.y?e:e?(0,i.I)(e,c,(()=>new a.y(c))):new a.y(c)}function g(e,t){n[e]=p(e).concat(t)}function p(e){return n[e]||[]}function m(t){return d[t]=d[t]||e(f,t)}function v(){return f.backlog}}(void 0,"globalEE"),d=(0,n.Zm)();d.ee||(d.ee=u)},2646:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{y:()=>n});class n{constructor(e){this.contextId=e}}},9908:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{d:()=>n,p:()=>i});var n=r(7836).ee.get("handle");function i(e,t,r,i,o){o?(o.buffer([e],i),o.emit(e,t,r)):(n.buffer([e],i),n.emit(e,t,r))}},3606:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{i:()=>o});var n=r(9908);o.on=a;var i=o.handlers={};function o(e,t,r,o){a(o||n.d,i,e,t,r)}function a(e,t,r,i,o){o||(o="feature"),e||(e=n.d);var a=t[o]=t[o]||{};(a[r]=a[r]||[]).push([e,i])}},3878:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){return{capture:e,passive:!1,signal:t}}function i(e,t,r=!1,i){window.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}function o(e,t,r=!1,i){document.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}r.d(t,{DD:()=>o,jT:()=>n,sp:()=>i})},5607:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>n});const n=(0,r(9566).bz)()},9566:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{LA:()=>s,ZF:()=>c,bz:()=>a,el:()=>u});var n=r(6154);const i="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx";function o(e,t){return e?15&e[t]:16*Math.random()|0}function a(){const e=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let t,r=0;return e&&e.getRandomValues&&(t=e.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(30))),i.split("").map((e=>"x"===e?o(t,r++).toString(16):"y"===e?(3&o()|8).toString(16):e)).join("")}function s(e){const t=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let r,i=0;t&&t.getRandomValues&&(r=t.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(e)));const a=[];for(var s=0;s<e;s++)a.push(o(r,i++).toString(16));return a.join("")}function c(){return s(16)}function u(){return s(32)}},2614:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>a,H3:()=>n,g:()=>u,iL:()=>c,tS:()=>s,uh:()=>i,wk:()=>o});const n="NRBA",i="SESSION",o=144e5,a=18e5,s={STARTED:"session-started",PAUSE:"session-pause",RESET:"session-reset",RESUME:"session-resume",UPDATE:"session-update"},c={SAME_TAB:"same-tab",CROSS_TAB:"cross-tab"},u={OFF:0,FULL:1,ERROR:2}},1863:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(){return Math.floor(performance.now())}r.d(t,{t:()=>n})},7485:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D:()=>i});var n=r(6154);function i(e){if(0===(e||"").indexOf("data:"))return{protocol:"data"};try{const t=new URL(e,location.href),r={port:t.port,hostname:t.hostname,pathname:t.pathname,search:t.search,protocol:t.protocol.slice(0,t.protocol.indexOf(":")),sameOrigin:t.protocol===n.gm?.location?.protocol&&t.host===n.gm?.location?.host};return r.port&&""!==r.port||("http:"===t.protocol&&(r.port="80"),"https:"===t.protocol&&(r.port="443")),r.pathname&&""!==r.pathname?r.pathname.startsWith("/")||(r.pathname="/".concat(r.pathname)):r.pathname="/",r}catch(e){return{}}}},944:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){"function"==typeof console.debug&&console.debug("New Relic Warning: https://github.com/newrelic/newrelic-browser-agent/blob/main/docs/warning-codes.md#".concat(e),t)}r.d(t,{R:()=>n})},5701:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{B:()=>a,t:()=>s});var n=r(7836),i=r(3241);const o=new Set,a={};function s(e,t){const r=n.ee.get(t);a[t]??={},e&&"object"==typeof e&&(o.has(t)||(r.emit("rumresp",[e]),a[t]=e,o.add(t),(0,i.W)({agentIdentifier:t,loaded:!0,type:"lifecycle",name:"load",feature:void 0,data:e})))}},8990:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{I:()=>i});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t,r){if(n.call(e,t))return e[t];var i=r();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}return e[t]=i,i}},6389:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t=500,r={}){const n=r?.leading||!1;let i;return(...r)=>{n&&void 0===i&&(e.apply(this,r),i=setTimeout((()=>{i=clearTimeout(i)}),t)),n||(clearTimeout(i),i=setTimeout((()=>{e.apply(this,r)}),t))}}function i(e){let t=!1;return(...r)=>{t||(t=!0,e.apply(this,r))}}r.d(t,{J:()=>i,s:()=>n})},3304:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{A:()=>o});var n=r(7836);const i=()=>{const e=new WeakSet;return(t,r)=>{if("object"==typeof r&&null!==r){if(e.has(r))return;e.add(r)}return r}};function o(e){try{return JSON.stringify(e,i())??""}catch(e){try{n.ee.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}return""}}},5289:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{GG:()=>o,sB:()=>a});var n=r(3878);function i(){return"undefined"==typeof document||"complete"===document.readyState}function o(e,t){if(i())return e();(0,n.sp)("load",e,t)}function a(e){if(i())return e();(0,n.DD)("DOMContentLoaded",e)}},384:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{NT:()=>o,US:()=>d,Zm:()=>a,bQ:()=>c,dV:()=>s,nY:()=>u,pV:()=>l});var n=r(6154),i=r(1863);const o={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net"};function a(){return n.gm.NREUM||(n.gm.NREUM={}),void 0===n.gm.newrelic&&(n.gm.newrelic=n.gm.NREUM),n.gm.NREUM}function s(){let e=a();return e.o||(e.o={ST:n.gm.setTimeout,SI:n.gm.setImmediate,CT:n.gm.clearTimeout,XHR:n.gm.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:n.gm.Request,EV:n.gm.Event,PR:n.gm.Promise,MO:n.gm.MutationObserver,FETCH:n.gm.fetch,WS:n.gm.WebSocket}),e}function c(e,t){let r=a();r.initializedAgents??={},t.initializedAt={ms:(0,i.t)(),date:new Date},r.initializedAgents[e]=t}function u(e){let t=a();return t.initializedAgents?.[e]}function d(e,t){a()[e]=t}function l(){return function(){let e=a();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:o.beacon,errorBeacon:o.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),s(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),a()}},2843:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>i});var n=r(3878);function i(e,t=!1,r,i){(0,n.DD)("visibilitychange",(function(){if(t)return void("hidden"===document.visibilityState&&e());e(document.visibilityState)}),r,i)}},8139:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>f});var n=r(7836),i=r(3434),o=r(8990),a=r(6154);const s={},c=a.gm.XMLHttpRequest,u="addEventListener",d="removeEventListener",l="nr@wrapped:".concat(n.P);function f(e){var t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("events")}(e);if(s[t.debugId]++)return t;s[t.debugId]=1;var r=(0,i.YM)(t,!0);function f(e){r.inPlace(e,[u,d],"-",g)}function g(e,t){return e[1]}return"getPrototypeOf"in Object&&(a.RI&&h(document,f),c&&h(c.prototype,f),h(a.gm,f)),t.on(u+"-start",(function(e,t){var n=e[1];if(null!==n&&("function"==typeof n||"object"==typeof n)){var i=(0,o.I)(n,l,(function(){var e={object:function(){if("function"!=typeof n.handleEvent)return;return n.handleEvent.apply(n,arguments)},function:n}[typeof n];return e?r(e,"fn-",null,e.name||"anonymous"):n}));this.wrapped=e[1]=i}})),t.on(d+"-start",(function(e){e[1]=this.wrapped||e[1]})),t}function h(e,t,...r){let n=e;for(;"object"==typeof n&&!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(n,u);)n=Object.getPrototypeOf(n);n&&t(n,...r)}},3434:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Jt:()=>o,YM:()=>c});var n=r(7836),i=r(5607);const o="nr@original:".concat(i.W);var a=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,s=!1;function c(e,t){return e||(e=n.ee),r.inPlace=function(e,t,n,i,o){n||(n="");const a="-"===n.charAt(0);for(let s=0;s<t.length;s++){const c=t[s],u=e[c];d(u)||(e[c]=r(u,a?c+n:n,i,c,o))}},r.flag=o,r;function r(t,r,n,s,c){return d(t)?t:(r||(r=""),nrWrapper[o]=t,function(e,t,r){if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.keys(e).forEach((function(r){Object.defineProperty(t,r,{get:function(){return e[r]},set:function(t){return e[r]=t,t}})})),t}catch(e){u([e],r)}for(var n in e)a.call(e,n)&&(t[n]=e[n])}(t,nrWrapper,e),nrWrapper);function nrWrapper(){var o,a,d,l;try{a=this,o=[...arguments],d="function"==typeof n?n(o,a):n||{}}catch(t){u([t,"",[o,a,s],d],e)}i(r+"start",[o,a,s],d,c);try{return l=t.apply(a,o)}catch(e){throw i(r+"err",[o,a,e],d,c),e}finally{i(r+"end",[o,a,l],d,c)}}}function i(r,n,i,o){if(!s||t){var a=s;s=!0;try{e.emit(r,n,i,t,o)}catch(t){u([t,r,n,i],e)}s=a}}}function u(e,t){t||(t=n.ee);try{t.emit("internal-error",e)}catch(e){}}function d(e){return!(e&&"function"==typeof e&&e.apply&&!e[o])}},9414:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{J:()=>c});var n=r(7836),i=r(2646),o=r(944),a=r(3434);const s=new Map;function c(e,t,r,c){if("object"!=typeof t||!t||"string"!=typeof r||!r||"function"!=typeof t[r])return(0,o.R)(29);const u=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("logger")}(e),d=(0,a.YM)(u),l=new i.y(n.P);l.level=c.level,l.customAttributes=c.customAttributes;const f=t[r]?.[a.Jt]||t[r];return s.set(f,l),d.inPlace(t,[r],"wrap-logger-",(()=>s.get(f))),u}},9300:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.ajax},3333:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$v:()=>u,TZ:()=>n,Zp:()=>i,kd:()=>c,mq:()=>s,nf:()=>a,qN:()=>o});const n=r(860).K7.genericEvents,i=["auxclick","click","copy","keydown","paste","scrollend"],o=["focus","blur"],a=4,s=1e3,c=["PageAction","UserAction","BrowserPerformance"],u={MARKS:"experimental.marks",MEASURES:"experimental.measures",RESOURCES:"experimental.resources"}},6774:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.jserrors},993:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{A$:()=>o,ET:()=>a,TZ:()=>s,p_:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i={ERROR:"ERROR",WARN:"WARN",INFO:"INFO",DEBUG:"DEBUG",TRACE:"TRACE"},o={OFF:0,ERROR:1,WARN:2,INFO:3,DEBUG:4,TRACE:5},a="log",s=n.K7.logging},3785:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{R:()=>c,b:()=>u});var n=r(9908),i=r(1863),o=r(860),a=r(8154),s=r(993);function c(e,t,r={},c=s.p_.INFO){(0,n.p)(a.xV,["API/logging/".concat(c.toLowerCase(),"/called")],void 0,o.K7.metrics,e),(0,n.p)(s.ET,[(0,i.t)(),t,r,c],void 0,o.K7.logging,e)}function u(e){return"string"==typeof e&&Object.values(s.p_).some((t=>t===e.toUpperCase().trim()))}},8154:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{z_:()=>o,XG:()=>s,TZ:()=>n,rs:()=>i,xV:()=>a});r(6154),r(9566),r(384);const n=r(860).K7.metrics,i="sm",o="cm",a="storeSupportabilityMetrics",s="storeEventMetrics"},6630:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewEvent},782:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewTiming},6344:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>d,G4:()=>o,Qb:()=>l,TZ:()=>i,Ug:()=>a,_s:()=>s,bc:()=>u,yP:()=>c});var n=r(2614);const i=r(860).K7.sessionReplay,o={RECORD:"recordReplay",PAUSE:"pauseReplay",REPLAY_RUNNING:"replayRunning",ERROR_DURING_REPLAY:"errorDuringReplay"},a=.12,s={DomContentLoaded:0,Load:1,FullSnapshot:2,IncrementalSnapshot:3,Meta:4,Custom:5},c={[n.g.ERROR]:15e3,[n.g.FULL]:3e5,[n.g.OFF]:0},u={RESET:{message:"Session was reset",sm:"Reset"},IMPORT:{message:"Recorder failed to import",sm:"Import"},TOO_MANY:{message:"429: Too Many Requests",sm:"Too-Many"},TOO_BIG:{message:"Payload was too large",sm:"Too-Big"},CROSS_TAB:{message:"Session Entity was set to OFF on another tab",sm:"Cross-Tab"},ENTITLEMENTS:{message:"Session Replay is not allowed and will not be started",sm:"Entitlement"}},d=5e3,l={API:"api"}},5270:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Aw:()=>c,CT:()=>u,SR:()=>s,rF:()=>d});var n=r(384),i=r(9417),o=r(7767),a=r(6154);function s(e){return!!(0,n.dV)().o.MO&&(0,o.V)(e)&&!0===(0,i.gD)(e,"session_trace.enabled")}function c(e){return!0===(0,i.gD)(e,"session_replay.preload")&&s(e)}function u(e,t){const r=t.correctAbsoluteTimestamp(e);return{originalTimestamp:e,correctedTimestamp:r,timestampDiff:e-r,originTime:a.WN,correctedOriginTime:t.correctedOriginTime,originTimeDiff:Math.floor(a.WN-t.correctedOriginTime)}}function d(e,t){try{if("string"==typeof t?.type){if("password"===t.type.toLowerCase())return"*".repeat(e?.length||0);if(void 0!==t?.dataset?.nrUnmask||t?.classList?.contains("nr-unmask"))return e}}catch(e){}return"string"==typeof e?e.replace(/[\S]/g,"*"):"*".repeat(e?.length||0)}},3738:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{He:()=>i,Kp:()=>s,Lc:()=>u,Rz:()=>d,TZ:()=>n,bD:()=>o,d3:()=>a,jx:()=>l,uP:()=>c});const n=r(860).K7.sessionTrace,i="bstResource",o="resource",a="-start",s="-end",c="fn"+a,u="fn"+s,d="pushState",l=1e3},4234:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>o});var n=r(7836),i=r(1687);class o{constructor(e,t){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.ee=n.ee.get(e),this.featureName=t,this.blocked=!1}deregisterDrain(){(0,i.x3)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName)}}},7767:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>o});var n=r(9417),i=r(6154);const o=e=>i.RI&&!0===(0,n.gD)(e,"privacy.cookies_enabled")},8969:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{j:()=>I});var n=r(860),i=r(2555),o=r(3371),a=r(9908),s=r(7836),c=r(1687),u=r(5289),d=r(6154),l=r(944),f=r(8154),h=r(384),g=r(6344);const p=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease","recordCustomEvent","addPageAction","setCurrentRouteName","setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","interaction","noticeError","setUserId","setApplicationVersion","start",g.G4.RECORD,g.G4.PAUSE,"log","wrapLogger"],m=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease"];var v=r(1863),b=r(2614),y=r(993),R=r(3785),x=r(9414),w=r(3241),E=r(5701);function A(){const e=(0,h.pV)();p.forEach((t=>{e[t]=(...r)=>function(t,...r){let n=[];return Object.values(e.initializedAgents).forEach((e=>{e&&e.api?e.exposed&&e.api[t]&&n.push(e.api[t](...r)):(0,l.R)(38,t)})),n.length>1?n:n[0]}(t,...r)}))}const T={};var S=r(9417),_=r(5603);const O=e=>{const t=e.startsWith("http");e+="/",r.p=t?e:"https://"+e};let N=!1;function I(e,t={},p,I){let{init:P,info:j,loader_config:C,runtime:k={},exposed:H=!0}=t;k.loaderType=p;const L=(0,h.pV)();j||(P=L.init,j=L.info,C=L.loader_config),(0,S.xN)(e.agentIdentifier,P||{}),(0,_.a)(e.agentIdentifier,C||{}),j.jsAttributes??={},d.bv&&(j.jsAttributes.isWorker=!0),(0,i.x1)(e.agentIdentifier,j);const D=(0,S.D0)(e.agentIdentifier),M=[j.beacon,j.errorBeacon];N||(D.proxy.assets&&(O(D.proxy.assets),M.push(D.proxy.assets)),D.proxy.beacon&&M.push(D.proxy.beacon),A(),(0,h.US)("activatedFeatures",E.B),e.runSoftNavOverSpa&&=!0===D.soft_navigations.enabled&&D.feature_flags.includes("soft_nav")),k.denyList=[...D.ajax.deny_list||[],...D.ajax.block_internal?M:[]],k.ptid=e.agentIdentifier,(0,o.V)(e.agentIdentifier,k),e.ee=s.ee.get(e.agentIdentifier),void 0===e.api&&(e.api=function(e,t,h=!1){t||(0,c.Ak)(e,"api");const p={};var A=s.ee.get(e),S=A.get("tracer");T[e]=b.g.OFF,A.on(g.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(t=>{T[e]=t}));var _="api-",O=_+"ixn-";function N(t,r,n,o){const a=(0,i.Vp)(e);return null===r?delete a.jsAttributes[t]:(0,i.x1)(e,{...a,jsAttributes:{...a.jsAttributes,[t]:r}}),j(_,n,!0,o||null===r?"session":void 0)(t,r)}function I(){}p.log=function(e,{customAttributes:t={},level:r=y.p_.INFO}={}){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/log/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,A),(0,R.R)(A,e,t,r)},p.wrapLogger=(e,t,{customAttributes:r={},level:i=y.p_.INFO}={})=>{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/wrapLogger/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,A),(0,x.J)(A,e,t,{customAttributes:r,level:i})},m.forEach((e=>{p[e]=j(_,e,!0,"api")})),p.addPageAction=j(_,"addPageAction",!0,n.K7.genericEvents),p.recordCustomEvent=j(_,"recordCustomEvent",!0,n.K7.genericEvents),p.setPageViewName=function(t,r){if("string"==typeof t)return"/"!==t.charAt(0)&&(t="/"+t),(0,o.f)(e).customTransaction=(r||"http://custom.transaction")+t,j(_,"setPageViewName",!0)()},p.setCustomAttribute=function(e,t,r=!1){if("string"==typeof e){if(["string","number","boolean"].includes(typeof t)||null===t)return N(e,t,"setCustomAttribute",r);(0,l.R)(40,typeof t)}else(0,l.R)(39,typeof e)},p.setUserId=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("enduser.id",e,"setUserId",!0);(0,l.R)(41,typeof e)},p.setApplicationVersion=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("application.version",e,"setApplicationVersion",!1);(0,l.R)(42,typeof e)},p.start=()=>{try{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/start/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,A),A.emit("manual-start-all")}catch(e){(0,l.R)(23,e)}},p[g.G4.RECORD]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/recordReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,A),(0,a.p)(g.G4.RECORD,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,A)},p[g.G4.PAUSE]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/pauseReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,A),(0,a.p)(g.G4.PAUSE,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,A)},p.interaction=function(e){return(new I).get("object"==typeof e?e:{})};const P=I.prototype={createTracer:function(e,t){var r={},i=this,o="function"==typeof t;return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/createTracer/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,A),h||(0,a.p)(O+"tracer",[(0,v.t)(),e,r],i,n.K7.spa,A),function(){if(S.emit((o?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[(0,v.t)(),i,o],r),o)try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){const t="string"==typeof e?new Error(e):e;throw S.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,t],r),t}finally{S.emit("fn-end",[(0,v.t)()],r)}}}};function j(t,r,i,o){return function(){return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/"+r+"/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,A),(0,w.W)({agentIdentifier:e,loaded:!!E.B?.[e],type:"data",name:"api",feature:t+r,data:{notSpa:i,bufferGroup:o}}),o&&(0,a.p)(t+r,[i?(0,v.t)():performance.now(),...arguments],i?null:this,o,A),i?void 0:this}}function C(){r.e(891).then(r.bind(r,8778)).then((({setAPI:t})=>{t(e),(0,c.Ze)(e,"api")})).catch((e=>{(0,l.R)(27,e),A.abort()}))}return["actionText","setName","setAttribute","save","ignore","onEnd","getContext","end","get"].forEach((e=>{P[e]=j(O,e,void 0,h?n.K7.softNav:n.K7.spa)})),p.setCurrentRouteName=h?j(O,"routeName",void 0,n.K7.softNav):j(_,"routeName",!0,n.K7.spa),p.noticeError=function(t,r){"string"==typeof t&&(t=new Error(t)),(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/noticeError/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,A),(0,a.p)("err",[t,(0,v.t)(),!1,r,!!T[e]],void 0,n.K7.jserrors,A)},d.RI?(0,u.GG)((()=>C()),!0):C(),p}(e.agentIdentifier,I,e.runSoftNavOverSpa)),void 0===e.exposed&&(e.exposed=H),N||(0,w.W)({agentIdentifier:e.agentIdentifier,loaded:!!E.B?.[e.agentIdentifier],type:"lifecycle",name:"initialize",feature:void 0,data:{init:D,info:j,loader_config:C,runtime:k}}),N=!0}},8374:(e,t,r)=>{r.nc=(()=>{try{return document?.currentScript?.nonce}catch(e){}return""})()},860:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$J:()=>d,K7:()=>c,P3:()=>u,XX:()=>i,Yy:()=>s,df:()=>o,qY:()=>n,v4:()=>a});const n="events",i="jserrors",o="browser/blobs",a="rum",s="browser/logs",c={ajax:"ajax",genericEvents:"generic_events",jserrors:i,logging:"logging",metrics:"metrics",pageAction:"page_action",pageViewEvent:"page_view_event",pageViewTiming:"page_view_timing",sessionReplay:"session_replay",sessionTrace:"session_trace",softNav:"soft_navigations",spa:"spa"},u={[c.pageViewEvent]:1,[c.pageViewTiming]:2,[c.metrics]:3,[c.jserrors]:4,[c.spa]:5,[c.ajax]:6,[c.sessionTrace]:7,[c.softNav]:8,[c.sessionReplay]:9,[c.logging]:10,[c.genericEvents]:11},d={[c.pageViewEvent]:a,[c.pageViewTiming]:n,[c.ajax]:n,[c.spa]:n,[c.softNav]:n,[c.metrics]:i,[c.jserrors]:i,[c.sessionTrace]:o,[c.sessionReplay]:o,[c.logging]:s,[c.genericEvents]:"ins"}}},n={};function i(e){var t=n[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var o=n[e]={exports:{}};return r[e](o,o.exports,i),o.exports}i.m=r,i.d=(e,t)=>{for(var r in t)i.o(t,r)&&!i.o(e,r)&&Object.defineProperty(e,r,{enumerable:!0,get:t[r]})},i.f={},i.e=e=>Promise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce(((t,r)=>(i.f[r](e,t),t)),[])),i.u=e=>({95:"nr-full-compressor",222:"nr-full-recorder",891:"nr-full"}[e]+"-1.285.0.min.js"),i.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t="NRBA-1.285.0.PROD:",i.l=(r,n,o,a)=>{if(e[r])e[r].push(n);else{var s,c;if(void 0!==o)for(var u=document.getElementsByTagName("script"),d=0;d<u.length;d++){var l=u[d];if(l.getAttribute("src")==r||l.getAttribute("data-webpack")==t+o){s=l;break}}if(!s){c=!0;var f={891:"sha512-fMru8dlQe6MDocrIrmVggxBpKe4E6zN8iF8+x3VT5mduS4XEkCwWjFpEShdGhWDUoZ4S6P7KlEsQNgH2yGvL1w==",222:"sha512-IOEUdkaWYkNjFufhpqem1nvCo93S+MlRT4222SMu910Ff4augE1uCvOBRaziFCEwGH9Hkw13OiCDIv8GEVRyxA==",95:"sha512-jWkjatE9TZKKdOBeBHmVEgnE92FwbX/ode6AlJnUDcEs5jJDX9gJHRE4qOUNUSAID8OsbjJ9KSJCbkhGO/hZFA=="};(s=document.createElement("script")).charset="utf-8",s.timeout=120,i.nc&&s.setAttribute("nonce",i.nc),s.setAttribute("data-webpack",t+o),s.src=r,0!==s.src.indexOf(window.location.origin+"/")&&(s.crossOrigin="anonymous"),f[a]&&(s.integrity=f[a])}e[r]=[n];var h=(t,n)=>{s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(g);var i=e[r];if(delete e[r],s.parentNode&&s.parentNode.removeChild(s),i&&i.forEach((e=>e(n))),t)return t(n)},g=setTimeout(h.bind(null,void 0,{type:"timeout",target:s}),12e4);s.onerror=h.bind(null,s.onerror),s.onload=h.bind(null,s.onload),c&&document.head.appendChild(s)}},i.r=e=>{"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},i.p="https://js-agent.newrelic.com/",(()=>{var e={85:0,959:0};i.f.j=(t,r)=>{var n=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==n)if(n)r.push(n[2]);else{var o=new Promise(((r,i)=>n=e[t]=[r,i]));r.push(n[2]=o);var a=i.p+i.u(t),s=new Error;i.l(a,(r=>{if(i.o(e,t)&&(0!==(n=e[t])&&(e[t]=void 0),n)){var o=r&&("load"===r.type?"missing":r.type),a=r&&r.target&&r.target.src;s.message="Loading chunk "+t+" failed.\n("+o+": "+a+")",s.name="ChunkLoadError",s.type=o,s.request=a,n[1](s)}}),"chunk-"+t,t)}};var t=(t,r)=>{var n,o,[a,s,c]=r,u=0;if(a.some((t=>0!==e[t]))){for(n in s)i.o(s,n)&&(i.m[n]=s[n]);if(c)c(i)}for(t&&t(r);u<a.length;u++)o=a[u],i.o(e,o)&&e[o]&&e[o][0](),e[o]=0},r=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.285.0.PROD"]=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.285.0.PROD"]||[];r.forEach(t.bind(null,0)),r.push=t.bind(null,r.push.bind(r))})(),(()=>{"use strict";i(8374);var e=i(944),t=i(6344),r=i(9566);class n{agentIdentifier;constructor(){this.agentIdentifier=(0,r.LA)(16)}#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}addPageAction(e,t){return this.#e("addPageAction",e,t)}recordCustomEvent(e,t){return this.#e("recordCustomEvent",e,t)}setPageViewName(e,t){return this.#e("setPageViewName",e,t)}setCustomAttribute(e,t,r){return this.#e("setCustomAttribute",e,t,r)}noticeError(e,t){return this.#e("noticeError",e,t)}setUserId(e){return this.#e("setUserId",e)}setApplicationVersion(e){return this.#e("setApplicationVersion",e)}setErrorHandler(e){return this.#e("setErrorHandler",e)}addRelease(e,t){return this.#e("addRelease",e,t)}log(e,t){return this.#e("log",e,t)}}class o extends n{#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}start(){return this.#e("start")}finished(e){return this.#e("finished",e)}recordReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.RECORD)}pauseReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.PAUSE)}addToTrace(e){return this.#e("addToTrace",e)}setCurrentRouteName(e){return this.#e("setCurrentRouteName",e)}interaction(){return this.#e("interaction")}wrapLogger(e,t,r){return this.#e("wrapLogger",e,t,r)}}var a=i(860),s=i(9417);const c=Object.values(a.K7);function u(e){const t={};return c.forEach((r=>{t[r]=function(e,t){return!0===(0,s.gD)(t,"".concat(e,".enabled"))}(r,e)})),t}var d=i(8969);var l=i(1687),f=i(4234),h=i(5289),g=i(6154),p=i(5270),m=i(7767),v=i(6389);class b extends f.W{constructor(e,t,r=!0){super(e.agentIdentifier,t),this.auto=r,this.abortHandler=void 0,this.featAggregate=void 0,this.onAggregateImported=void 0,!1===e.init[this.featureName].autoStart&&(this.auto=!1),this.auto?(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,t):this.ee.on("manual-start-all",(0,v.J)((()=>{(0,l.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),this.auto=!0,this.importAggregator(e)})))}importAggregator(t,r={}){if(this.featAggregate||!this.auto)return;let n;this.onAggregateImported=new Promise((e=>{n=e}));const o=async()=>{let o;try{if((0,m.V)(this.agentIdentifier)){const{setupAgentSession:e}=await i.e(891).then(i.bind(i,6526));o=e(t)}}catch(t){(0,e.R)(20,t),this.ee.emit("internal-error",[t]),this.featureName===a.K7.sessionReplay&&this.abortHandler?.()}try{if(!this.#t(this.featureName,o))return(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),void n(!1);const{lazyFeatureLoader:e}=await i.e(891).then(i.bind(i,6103)),{Aggregate:a}=await e(this.featureName,"aggregate");this.featAggregate=new a(t,r),t.runtime.harvester.initializedAggregates.push(this.featAggregate),n(!0)}catch(t){(0,e.R)(34,t),this.abortHandler?.(),(0,l.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName,!0),n(!1),this.ee&&this.ee.abort()}};g.RI?(0,h.GG)((()=>o()),!0):o()}#t(e,t){switch(e){case a.K7.sessionReplay:return(0,p.SR)(this.agentIdentifier)&&!!t;case a.K7.sessionTrace:return!!t;default:return!0}}}var y=i(6630);class R extends b{static featureName=y.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,y.T,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var x=i(384);var w=i(9908),E=i(2843),A=i(3878),T=i(782),S=i(1863);class _ extends b{static featureName=T.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,T.T,t),g.RI&&((0,E.u)((()=>(0,w.p)("docHidden",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,T.T,this.ee)),!0),(0,A.sp)("pagehide",(()=>(0,w.p)("winPagehide",[(0,S.t)()],void 0,T.T,this.ee))),this.importAggregator(e))}}var O=i(8154);class N extends b{static featureName=O.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,O.TZ,t),g.RI&&document.addEventListener("securitypolicyviolation",(e=>{(0,w.p)(O.xV,["Generic/CSPViolation/Detected"],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)})),this.importAggregator(e)}}var I=i(6774),P=i(3304);class j{constructor(e,t,r,n,i){this.name="UncaughtError",this.message="string"==typeof e?e:(0,P.A)(e),this.sourceURL=t,this.line=r,this.column=n,this.__newrelic=i}}function C(e){return L(e)?e:new j(void 0!==e?.message?e.message:e,e?.filename||e?.sourceURL,e?.lineno||e?.line,e?.colno||e?.col,e?.__newrelic)}function k(e){const t="Unhandled Promise Rejection: ";if(!e?.reason)return;if(L(e.reason)){try{e.reason.message.startsWith(t)||(e.reason.message=t+e.reason.message)}catch(e){}return C(e.reason)}const r=C(e.reason);return(r.message||"").startsWith(t)||(r.message=t+r.message),r}function H(e){if(e.error instanceof SyntaxError&&!/:\d+$/.test(e.error.stack?.trim())){const t=new j(e.message,e.filename,e.lineno,e.colno,e.error.__newrelic);return t.name=SyntaxError.name,t}return L(e.error)?e.error:C(e)}function L(e){return e instanceof Error&&!!e.stack}class D extends b{static featureName=I.T;#r=!1;constructor(e,r=!0){super(e,I.T,r);try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}this.ee.on("internal-error",((e,t)=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,w.p)("ierr",[C(e),(0,S.t)(),!0,{},this.#r,t],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)})),this.ee.on(t.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(e=>{this.#r=e})),g.gm.addEventListener("unhandledrejection",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,w.p)("err",[k(e),(0,S.t)(),!1,{unhandledPromiseRejection:1},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),(0,A.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),g.gm.addEventListener("error",(e=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,w.p)("err",[H(e),(0,S.t)(),!1,{},this.#r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),(0,A.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#n,this.importAggregator(e)}#n(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}var M=i(8990);let K=1;const U="nr@id";function V(e){const t=typeof e;return!e||"object"!==t&&"function"!==t?-1:e===g.gm?0:(0,M.I)(e,U,(function(){return K++}))}function G(e){if("string"==typeof e&&e.length)return e.length;if("object"==typeof e){if("undefined"!=typeof ArrayBuffer&&e instanceof ArrayBuffer&&e.byteLength)return e.byteLength;if("undefined"!=typeof Blob&&e instanceof Blob&&e.size)return e.size;if(!("undefined"!=typeof FormData&&e instanceof FormData))try{return(0,P.A)(e).length}catch(e){return}}}var F=i(8139),B=i(7836),W=i(3434);const z={},q=["open","send"];function Z(t){var r=t||B.ee;const n=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("xhr")}(r);if(void 0===g.gm.XMLHttpRequest)return n;if(z[n.debugId]++)return n;z[n.debugId]=1,(0,F.u)(r);var i=(0,W.YM)(n),o=g.gm.XMLHttpRequest,a=g.gm.MutationObserver,s=g.gm.Promise,c=g.gm.setInterval,u="readystatechange",d=["onload","onerror","onabort","onloadstart","onloadend","onprogress","ontimeout"],l=[],f=g.gm.XMLHttpRequest=function(t){const r=new o(t),a=n.context(r);try{n.emit("new-xhr",[r],a),r.addEventListener(u,(s=a,function(){var e=this;e.readyState>3&&!s.resolved&&(s.resolved=!0,n.emit("xhr-resolved",[],e)),i.inPlace(e,d,"fn-",y)}),(0,A.jT)(!1))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(15,t);try{n.emit("internal-error",[t])}catch(e){}}var s;return r};function h(e,t){i.inPlace(t,["onreadystatechange"],"fn-",y)}if(function(e,t){for(var r in e)t[r]=e[r]}(o,f),f.prototype=o.prototype,i.inPlace(f.prototype,q,"-xhr-",y),n.on("send-xhr-start",(function(e,t){h(e,t),function(e){l.push(e),a&&(p?p.then(b):c?c(b):(m=-m,v.data=m))}(t)})),n.on("open-xhr-start",h),a){var p=s&&s.resolve();if(!c&&!s){var m=1,v=document.createTextNode(m);new a(b).observe(v,{characterData:!0})}}else r.on("fn-end",(function(e){e[0]&&e[0].type===u||b()}));function b(){for(var e=0;e<l.length;e++)h(0,l[e]);l.length&&(l=[])}function y(e,t){return t}return n}var Y="fetch-",X=Y+"body-",J=["arrayBuffer","blob","json","text","formData"],Q=g.gm.Request,ee=g.gm.Response,te="prototype";const re={};function ne(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("fetch")}(e);if(!(Q&&ee&&g.gm.fetch))return t;if(re[t.debugId]++)return t;function r(e,r,n){var i=e[r];"function"==typeof i&&(e[r]=function(){var e,r=[...arguments],o={};t.emit(n+"before-start",[r],o),o[B.P]&&o[B.P].dt&&(e=o[B.P].dt);var a=i.apply(this,r);return t.emit(n+"start",[r,e],a),a.then((function(e){return t.emit(n+"end",[null,e],a),e}),(function(e){throw t.emit(n+"end",[e],a),e}))})}return re[t.debugId]=1,J.forEach((e=>{r(Q[te],e,X),r(ee[te],e,X)})),r(g.gm,"fetch",Y),t.on(Y+"end",(function(e,r){var n=this;if(r){var i=r.headers.get("content-length");null!==i&&(n.rxSize=i),t.emit(Y+"done",[null,r],n)}else t.emit(Y+"done",[e],n)})),t}var ie=i(7485),oe=i(5603);class ae{constructor(e){this.agentIdentifier=e}generateTracePayload(e){if(!this.shouldGenerateTrace(e))return null;var t=(0,oe.o)(this.agentIdentifier);if(!t)return null;var n=(t.accountID||"").toString()||null,i=(t.agentID||"").toString()||null,o=(t.trustKey||"").toString()||null;if(!n||!i)return null;var a=(0,r.ZF)(),s=(0,r.el)(),c=Date.now(),u={spanId:a,traceId:s,timestamp:c};return(e.sameOrigin||this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useTraceContextHeadersForCors())&&(u.traceContextParentHeader=this.generateTraceContextParentHeader(a,s),u.traceContextStateHeader=this.generateTraceContextStateHeader(a,c,n,i,o)),(e.sameOrigin&&!this.excludeNewrelicHeader()||!e.sameOrigin&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useNewrelicHeaderForCors())&&(u.newrelicHeader=this.generateTraceHeader(a,s,c,n,i,o)),u}generateTraceContextParentHeader(e,t){return"00-"+t+"-"+e+"-01"}generateTraceContextStateHeader(e,t,r,n,i){return i+"@nr=0-1-"+r+"-"+n+"-"+e+"----"+t}generateTraceHeader(e,t,r,n,i,o){if(!("function"==typeof g.gm?.btoa))return null;var a={v:[0,1],d:{ty:"Browser",ac:n,ap:i,id:e,tr:t,ti:r}};return o&&n!==o&&(a.d.tk=o),btoa((0,P.A)(a))}shouldGenerateTrace(e){return this.isDtEnabled()&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)}isAllowedOrigin(e){var t=!1,r={};if((0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing")&&(r=(0,s.D0)(this.agentIdentifier).distributed_tracing),e.sameOrigin)t=!0;else if(r.allowed_origins instanceof Array)for(var n=0;n<r.allowed_origins.length;n++){var i=(0,ie.D)(r.allowed_origins[n]);if(e.hostname===i.hostname&&e.protocol===i.protocol&&e.port===i.port){t=!0;break}}return t}isDtEnabled(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.enabled}excludeNewrelicHeader(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.exclude_newrelic_header}useNewrelicHeaderForCors(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!1!==e.cors_use_newrelic_header}useTraceContextHeadersForCors(){var e=(0,s.gD)(this.agentIdentifier,"distributed_tracing");return!!e&&!!e.cors_use_tracecontext_headers}}var se=i(9300),ce=i(7295),ue=["load","error","abort","timeout"],de=ue.length,le=(0,x.dV)().o.REQ,fe=(0,x.dV)().o.XHR;const he="X-NewRelic-App-Data";class ge extends b{static featureName=se.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,se.T,t),this.dt=new ae(e.agentIdentifier),this.handler=(e,t,r,n)=>(0,w.p)(e,t,r,n,this.ee);try{const e={xmlhttprequest:"xhr",fetch:"fetch",beacon:"beacon"};g.gm?.performance?.getEntriesByType("resource").forEach((t=>{if(t.initiatorType in e&&0!==t.responseStatus){const r={status:t.responseStatus},n={rxSize:t.transferSize,duration:Math.floor(t.duration),cbTime:0};pe(r,t.name),this.handler("xhr",[r,n,t.startTime,t.responseEnd,e[t.initiatorType]],void 0,a.K7.ajax)}}))}catch(e){}ne(this.ee),Z(this.ee),function(e,t,r,n){function i(e){var t=this;t.totalCbs=0,t.called=0,t.cbTime=0,t.end=x,t.ended=!1,t.xhrGuids={},t.lastSize=null,t.loadCaptureCalled=!1,t.params=this.params||{},t.metrics=this.metrics||{},e.addEventListener("load",(function(r){E(t,e)}),(0,A.jT)(!1)),g.lR||e.addEventListener("progress",(function(e){t.lastSize=e.loaded}),(0,A.jT)(!1))}function o(e){this.params={method:e[0]},pe(this,e[1]),this.metrics={}}function s(t,r){e.loader_config.xpid&&this.sameOrigin&&r.setRequestHeader("X-NewRelic-ID",e.loader_config.xpid);var i=n.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(i){var o=!1;i.newrelicHeader&&(r.setRequestHeader("newrelic",i.newrelicHeader),o=!0),i.traceContextParentHeader&&(r.setRequestHeader("traceparent",i.traceContextParentHeader),i.traceContextStateHeader&&r.setRequestHeader("tracestate",i.traceContextStateHeader),o=!0),o&&(this.dt=i)}}function c(e,r){var n=this.metrics,i=e[0],o=this;if(n&&i){var a=G(i);a&&(n.txSize=a)}this.startTime=(0,S.t)(),this.body=i,this.listener=function(e){try{"abort"!==e.type||o.loadCaptureCalled||(o.params.aborted=!0),("load"!==e.type||o.called===o.totalCbs&&(o.onloadCalled||"function"!=typeof r.onload)&&"function"==typeof o.end)&&o.end(r)}catch(e){try{t.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}}};for(var s=0;s<de;s++)r.addEventListener(ue[s],this.listener,(0,A.jT)(!1))}function u(e,t,r){this.cbTime+=e,t?this.onloadCalled=!0:this.called+=1,this.called!==this.totalCbs||!this.onloadCalled&&"function"==typeof r.onload||"function"!=typeof this.end||this.end(r)}function d(e,t){var r=""+V(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids&&!this.xhrGuids[r]&&(this.xhrGuids[r]=!0,this.totalCbs+=1)}function l(e,t){var r=""+V(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids&&this.xhrGuids[r]&&(delete this.xhrGuids[r],this.totalCbs-=1)}function f(){this.endTime=(0,S.t)()}function h(e,r){r instanceof fe&&"load"===e[0]&&t.emit("xhr-load-added",[e[1],e[2]],r)}function p(e,r){r instanceof fe&&"load"===e[0]&&t.emit("xhr-load-removed",[e[1],e[2]],r)}function m(e,t,r){t instanceof fe&&("onload"===r&&(this.onload=!0),("load"===(e[0]&&e[0].type)||this.onload)&&(this.xhrCbStart=(0,S.t)()))}function v(e,r){this.xhrCbStart&&t.emit("xhr-cb-time",[(0,S.t)()-this.xhrCbStart,this.onload,r],r)}function b(e){var t,r=e[1]||{};if("string"==typeof e[0]?0===(t=e[0]).length&&g.RI&&(t=""+g.gm.location.href):e[0]&&e[0].url?t=e[0].url:g.gm?.URL&&e[0]&&e[0]instanceof URL?t=e[0].href:"function"==typeof e[0].toString&&(t=e[0].toString()),"string"==typeof t&&0!==t.length){t&&(this.parsedOrigin=(0,ie.D)(t),this.sameOrigin=this.parsedOrigin.sameOrigin);var i=n.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(i&&(i.newrelicHeader||i.traceContextParentHeader))if(e[0]&&e[0].headers)s(e[0].headers,i)&&(this.dt=i);else{var o={};for(var a in r)o[a]=r[a];o.headers=new Headers(r.headers||{}),s(o.headers,i)&&(this.dt=i),e.length>1?e[1]=o:e.push(o)}}function s(e,t){var r=!1;return t.newrelicHeader&&(e.set("newrelic",t.newrelicHeader),r=!0),t.traceContextParentHeader&&(e.set("traceparent",t.traceContextParentHeader),t.traceContextStateHeader&&e.set("tracestate",t.traceContextStateHeader),r=!0),r}}function y(e,t){this.params={},this.metrics={},this.startTime=(0,S.t)(),this.dt=t,e.length>=1&&(this.target=e[0]),e.length>=2&&(this.opts=e[1]);var r,n=this.opts||{},i=this.target;"string"==typeof i?r=i:"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof le?r=i.url:g.gm?.URL&&"object"==typeof i&&i instanceof URL&&(r=i.href),pe(this,r);var o=(""+(i&&i instanceof le&&i.method||n.method||"GET")).toUpperCase();this.params.method=o,this.body=n.body,this.txSize=G(n.body)||0}function R(e,t){if(this.endTime=(0,S.t)(),this.params||(this.params={}),(0,ce.iW)(this.params))return;let n;this.params.status=t?t.status:0,"string"==typeof this.rxSize&&this.rxSize.length>0&&(n=+this.rxSize);const i={txSize:this.txSize,rxSize:n,duration:(0,S.t)()-this.startTime};r("xhr",[this.params,i,this.startTime,this.endTime,"fetch"],this,a.K7.ajax)}function x(e){const t=this.params,n=this.metrics;if(!this.ended){this.ended=!0;for(let t=0;t<de;t++)e.removeEventListener(ue[t],this.listener,!1);t.aborted||(0,ce.iW)(t)||(n.duration=(0,S.t)()-this.startTime,this.loadCaptureCalled||4!==e.readyState?null==t.status&&(t.status=0):E(this,e),n.cbTime=this.cbTime,r("xhr",[t,n,this.startTime,this.endTime,"xhr"],this,a.K7.ajax))}}function E(e,r){e.params.status=r.status;var n=function(e,t){var r=e.responseType;return"json"===r&&null!==t?t:"arraybuffer"===r||"blob"===r||"json"===r?G(e.response):"text"===r||""===r||void 0===r?G(e.responseText):void 0}(r,e.lastSize);if(n&&(e.metrics.rxSize=n),e.sameOrigin&&r.getAllResponseHeaders().indexOf(he)>=0){var i=r.getResponseHeader(he);i&&((0,w.p)(O.rs,["Ajax/CrossApplicationTracing/Header/Seen"],void 0,a.K7.metrics,t),e.params.cat=i.split(", ").pop())}e.loadCaptureCalled=!0}t.on("new-xhr",i),t.on("open-xhr-start",o),t.on("open-xhr-end",s),t.on("send-xhr-start",c),t.on("xhr-cb-time",u),t.on("xhr-load-added",d),t.on("xhr-load-removed",l),t.on("xhr-resolved",f),t.on("addEventListener-end",h),t.on("removeEventListener-end",p),t.on("fn-end",v),t.on("fetch-before-start",b),t.on("fetch-start",y),t.on("fn-start",m),t.on("fetch-done",R)}(e,this.ee,this.handler,this.dt),this.importAggregator(e)}}function pe(e,t){var r=(0,ie.D)(t),n=e.params||e;n.hostname=r.hostname,n.port=r.port,n.protocol=r.protocol,n.host=r.hostname+":"+r.port,n.pathname=r.pathname,e.parsedOrigin=r,e.sameOrigin=r.sameOrigin}const me={},ve=["pushState","replaceState"];function be(e){const t=function(e){return(e||B.ee).get("history")}(e);return!g.RI||me[t.debugId]++||(me[t.debugId]=1,(0,W.YM)(t).inPlace(window.history,ve,"-")),t}var ye=i(3738);const{He:Re,bD:xe,d3:we,Kp:Ee,TZ:Ae,Lc:Te,uP:Se,Rz:_e}=ye;class Oe extends b{static featureName=Ae;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,Ae,t);if(!(0,m.V)(this.agentIdentifier))return void this.deregisterDrain();const r=this.ee;let n;be(r),this.eventsEE=(0,F.u)(r),this.eventsEE.on(Se,(function(e,t){this.bstStart=(0,S.t)()})),this.eventsEE.on(Te,(function(e,t){(0,w.p)("bst",[e[0],t,this.bstStart,(0,S.t)()],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)})),r.on(_e+we,(function(e){this.time=(0,S.t)(),this.startPath=location.pathname+location.hash})),r.on(_e+Ee,(function(e){(0,w.p)("bstHist",[location.pathname+location.hash,this.startPath,this.time],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)}));try{n=new PerformanceObserver((e=>{const t=e.getEntries();(0,w.p)(Re,[t],void 0,a.K7.sessionTrace,r)})),n.observe({type:xe,buffered:!0})}catch(e){}this.importAggregator(e,{resourceObserver:n})}}var Ne=i(2614);class Ie extends b{static featureName=t.TZ;#i;#o;constructor(e,r=!0){let n;super(e,t.TZ,r),this.replayRunning=!1,this.#o=e;try{n=JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem("".concat(Ne.H3,"_").concat(Ne.uh)))}catch(e){}(0,p.SR)(e.agentIdentifier)&&this.ee.on(t.G4.RECORD,(()=>this.#a())),this.#s(n)?(this.#i=n?.sessionReplayMode,this.#c()):this.importAggregator(e),this.ee.on("err",(e=>{this.replayRunning&&(this.errorNoticed=!0,(0,w.p)(t.G4.ERROR_DURING_REPLAY,[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee))})),this.ee.on(t.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(e=>{this.replayRunning=e}))}#s(e){return e&&(e.sessionReplayMode===Ne.g.FULL||e.sessionReplayMode===Ne.g.ERROR)||(0,p.Aw)(this.agentIdentifier)}#u=!1;async#c(e){if(!this.#u){this.#u=!0;try{const{Recorder:t}=await Promise.all([i.e(891),i.e(222)]).then(i.bind(i,8589));this.recorder??=new t({mode:this.#i,agentIdentifier:this.agentIdentifier,trigger:e,ee:this.ee,agentRef:this.#o}),this.recorder.startRecording(),this.abortHandler=this.recorder.stopRecording}catch(e){}this.importAggregator(this.#o,{recorder:this.recorder,errorNoticed:this.errorNoticed})}}#a(){this.featAggregate?this.featAggregate.mode!==Ne.g.FULL&&this.featAggregate.initializeRecording(Ne.g.FULL,!0):(this.#i=Ne.g.FULL,this.#c(t.Qb.API),this.recorder&&this.recorder.parent.mode!==Ne.g.FULL&&(this.recorder.parent.mode=Ne.g.FULL,this.recorder.stopRecording(),this.recorder.startRecording(),this.abortHandler=this.recorder.stopRecording))}}var Pe=i(3333);class je extends b{static featureName=Pe.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,Pe.TZ,t);const r=[e.init.page_action.enabled,e.init.performance.capture_marks,e.init.performance.capture_measures,e.init.user_actions.enabled,e.init.performance.resources.enabled];if(g.RI&&(e.init.user_actions.enabled&&(Pe.Zp.forEach((e=>(0,A.sp)(e,(e=>(0,w.p)("ua",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)),!0))),Pe.qN.forEach((e=>{const t=(0,v.s)((e=>{(0,w.p)("ua",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),500,{leading:!0});(0,A.sp)(e,t)}))),e.init.performance.resources.enabled&&g.gm.PerformanceObserver?.supportedEntryTypes.includes("resource"))){new PerformanceObserver((e=>{e.getEntries().forEach((e=>{(0,w.p)("browserPerformance.resource",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}))})).observe({type:"resource",buffered:!0})}r.some((e=>e))?this.importAggregator(e):this.deregisterDrain()}}var Ce=i(993),ke=i(3785),He=i(9414);class Le extends b{static featureName=Ce.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,Ce.TZ,t);const r=this.ee;(0,He.J)(r,g.gm.console,"log",{level:"info"}),(0,He.J)(r,g.gm.console,"error",{level:"error"}),(0,He.J)(r,g.gm.console,"warn",{level:"warn"}),(0,He.J)(r,g.gm.console,"info",{level:"info"}),(0,He.J)(r,g.gm.console,"debug",{level:"debug"}),(0,He.J)(r,g.gm.console,"trace",{level:"trace"}),this.ee.on("wrap-logger-end",(function([e]){const{level:t,customAttributes:n}=this;(0,ke.R)(r,e,n,t)})),this.importAggregator(e)}}new class extends o{constructor(t){super(),g.gm?(this.features={},(0,x.bQ)(this.agentIdentifier,this),this.desiredFeatures=new Set(t.features||[]),this.desiredFeatures.add(R),this.runSoftNavOverSpa=[...this.desiredFeatures].some((e=>e.featureName===a.K7.softNav)),(0,d.j)(this,t,t.loaderType||"agent"),this.run()):(0,e.R)(21)}get config(){return{info:this.info,init:this.init,loader_config:this.loader_config,runtime:this.runtime}}run(){try{const t=u(this.agentIdentifier),r=[...this.desiredFeatures];r.sort(((e,t)=>a.P3[e.featureName]-a.P3[t.featureName])),r.forEach((r=>{if(!t[r.featureName]&&r.featureName!==a.K7.pageViewEvent)return;if(this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.spa)return;if(!this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.softNav)return;const n=function(e){switch(e){case a.K7.ajax:return[a.K7.jserrors];case a.K7.sessionTrace:return[a.K7.ajax,a.K7.pageViewEvent];case a.K7.sessionReplay:return[a.K7.sessionTrace];case a.K7.pageViewTiming:return[a.K7.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}(r.featureName).filter((e=>!(e in this.features)));n.length>0&&(0,e.R)(36,{targetFeature:r.featureName,missingDependencies:n}),this.features[r.featureName]=new r(this)}))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(22,t);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const r=(0,x.Zm)();delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.features,delete this.sharedAggregator;return r.ee.get(this.agentIdentifier).abort(),!1}}}({features:[R,_,Oe,Ie,ge,N,D,je,Le],loaderType:"pro"})})()})();</script> <meta http-equiv="ClearType" content="true" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /> <meta name="copyright" content="© 2025 Boston University" /> <link rel="profile" href="http://gmpg.org/xfn/11" /> <link rel="pingback" href="https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/xmlrpc.php" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/wp-content/themes/responsive-framework-2-x/icons/apple-touch-icon-precomposed.png"/> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s.w.org' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Center for Global Christianity & Mission » Comments Feed" href="https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/home/feed/" /> <script type="text/javascript"> window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/12.0.0-1\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/12.0.0-1\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/cgcm\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=5.4.2"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(e,a,t){var r,n,o,i,p=a.createElement("canvas"),s=p.getContext&&p.getContext("2d");function c(e,t){var a=String.fromCharCode;s.clearRect(0,0,p.width,p.height),s.fillText(a.apply(this,e),0,0);var r=p.toDataURL();return s.clearRect(0,0,p.width,p.height),s.fillText(a.apply(this,t),0,0),r===p.toDataURL()}function l(e){if(!s||!s.fillText)return!1;switch(s.textBaseline="top",s.font="600 32px Arial",e){case"flag":return!c([127987,65039,8205,9895,65039],[127987,65039,8203,9895,65039])&&(!c([55356,56826,55356,56819],[55356,56826,8203,55356,56819])&&!c([55356,57332,56128,56423,56128,56418,56128,56421,56128,56430,56128,56423,56128,56447],[55356,57332,8203,56128,56423,8203,56128,56418,8203,56128,56421,8203,56128,56430,8203,56128,56423,8203,56128,56447]));case"emoji":return!c([55357,56424,55356,57342,8205,55358,56605,8205,55357,56424,55356,57340],[55357,56424,55356,57342,8203,55358,56605,8203,55357,56424,55356,57340])}return!1}function d(e){var t=a.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=t.type="text/javascript",a.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(t)}for(i=Array("flag","emoji"),t.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},o=0;o<i.length;o++)t.supports[i[o]]=l(i[o]),t.supports.everything=t.supports.everything&&t.supports[i[o]],"flag"!==i[o]&&(t.supports.everythingExceptFlag=t.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&t.supports[i[o]]);t.supports.everythingExceptFlag=t.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!t.supports.flag,t.DOMReady=!1,t.readyCallback=function(){t.DOMReady=!0},t.supports.everything||(n=function(){t.readyCallback()},a.addEventListener?(a.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",n,!1),e.addEventListener("load",n,!1)):(e.attachEvent("onload",n),a.attachEvent("onreadystatechange",function(){"complete"===a.readyState&&t.readyCallback()})),(r=t.source||{}).concatemoji?d(r.concatemoji):r.wpemoji&&r.twemoji&&(d(r.twemoji),d(r.wpemoji)))}(window,document,window._wpemojiSettings); </script> <style type="text/css"> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 .07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <style type="text/css"> #wpadminbar #wp-admin-bar-my-networks > .ab-item:first-child:before { content: "\f325"; top: 3px; } </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='bu-alert-css-css' href='https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/wp-content/mu-plugins/bu-alert/alert.css?ver=3.0' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=5.4.2' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='bu-navigation-block-frontend-style-css' href='https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/wp-content/mu-plugins/bu-navigation/src/block-frontend.css?ver=1.3.4' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='bu-banners-css' href='https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/wp-content/plugins/bu-banners/css/bu-banners.min.css?ver=1.3.13' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='bulp-style-css' href='https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/wp-content/plugins/bu-landing-pages/css/style.css?ver=2.4.1' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='bu-slideshow-css' href='https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/wp-content/plugins/bu-slideshow/interface/css/bu-slideshow.css?ver=2.3.13' type='text/css' media='all' />  <link rel='stylesheet' id='responsive-framework-css' href='https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/wp-content/themes/responsive-framework-2-x/style.min.css?ver=2.5.6' type='text/css' media='all' /> <![endif]-->  <link rel='stylesheet' id='bu-branding-fonts-css' href='https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/wp-content/mu-plugins/bu-branding/assets/css/fonts.css?ver=0.3.4' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.js?ver=1.12.4-wp'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=1.4.1'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/wp-content/mu-plugins/bu-cms/interface/js/outbound_link_tracking.js?ver=5.4.2'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/wp-content/themes/responsive-framework-2-x/js/vendor/modernizr.js?ver=3.7.1'></script> <link rel='https://api.w.org/' href='https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/wp-json/' /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/" /> <link rel='shortlink' href='https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bu.edu%2Fcgcm%2F" /> <link rel="alternate" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bu.edu%2Fcgcm%2F&format=xml" /> <meta name='last-updated' content='2025-01-31T15:47:09-04:00' /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/wp-content/themes/responsive-framework-2-x/css/f2.css"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/wp-content/themes/responsive-framework-2-x/css/eiffel.css"/> <script type="text/javascript"> //<![CDATA[ function bu_ga_track_pageview(e){var a,t=bu_ga_get_trackers();for(e||(e=void 0),_gaq.push(["_trackPageview",e]),a=0;a<t.length;a++)_gaq.push([t[a]+"._trackPageview",e])}function bu_ga_track_event(e){("undefined"==typeof e.value||null===e.value||isNaN(e.value))&&(e.value=0),"undefined"!=typeof e.delay&&null!==e.delay||(e.delay=0),"undefined"!=typeof e.noninteract&&null!==e.noninteract||(e.noninteract=!0),e.value=parseFloat(e.value);var a,t=bu_ga_get_trackers();for(_gaq.push(["_trackEvent",e.category,e.action,e.label,e.value,e.noninteract]),a=0;a<t.length;a++)_gaq.push([t[a]+"._trackEvent",e.category,e.action,e.label,e.value,e.noninteract]);e.delay&&setTimeout(function(){return!0},100)}function bu_ga_track_social(e){"undefined"!=typeof e.target&&"null"!=typeof e.target||(e.target=void 0),"undefined"!=typeof e.path&&"null"!=typeof e.path||(e.path=void 0);var a,t=bu_ga_get_trackers();for(_gaq.push(["_trackSocial",e.network,e.action,e.target,e.path]),a=0;a<t.length;a++)_gaq.push([t[a]+"._trackSocial",e.network,e.action,e.target,e.path])}function bu_ga_get_trackers(){return"undefined"==typeof buGa||"undefined"==typeof buGa.trackerNames?[]:buGa.trackerNames}function bu_ga_get_tracker(e){if("undefined"==typeof buGa||"undefined"==typeof buGa.trackerIds)return null;if("undefined"==typeof e||"null"==typeof e)return"";var a=buGa.trackerIds;for(var t in a)if(a[t]===e)return"a"===t?"":t;return null}var buGa = {"trackerNames":[],"trackerIds":{"a":"G-0Z1EBE5RV7"}}; var _gaq = _gaq || []; /* begin other trackers */ (function() { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(ga, s); })(); //]]> </script> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-0Z1EBE5RV7"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-0Z1EBE5RV7'); </script> </head> <body id="top" class="home page-template page page-id-3 page-parent has-bu-branding f2 l-default sidebar-location-right page-template-bu-landing"> <header class="masthead" role="banner"> <div class="masthead-container"> <a class="skip-link" href="#main">Skip to Main Content</a> <div class="brand"> <a class="brand-signature has-title brand-container has-parent" href="https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/" rel="home"> <span class="brand-part-parent">School of Theology</span> <span class="sitename brand-part-sitename">Center for Global Christianity & Mission</span> </a> <p class="site-description brand-site-description"></p> </div> <nav class="primary-nav" role="navigation"> <button type="button" class="nav-toggle js-nav-toggle" aria-label="Open menu" aria-expanded="true"><span>Menu</span></button> <button type="button" class="search-toggle js-search-toggle" aria-label="Open search" aria-expanded="true"><span>Search</span></button> <ul id="primary-nav-menu" class="primary-nav-menu "><li class="page_item page-item-3031"> <a class="level_1" href="https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/about-us/" title="Navigate to: About">About</a> <ul> <li class="page_item page-item-3138"> <a class="level_2" href="https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/about-us/vision-statement-2012/" title="Navigate to: Vision">Vision</a> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-3040"> <a class="level_2" href="https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/about-us/history-of-the-center/" title="Navigate to: History">History</a> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-64"> <a class="level_2" href="https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/about-us/leadership/" title="Navigate to: Leadership">Leadership</a> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-107"> <a class="level_2" href="https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/about-us/contact-us/" title="Navigate to: Contact Us">Contact Us</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-8049"> <a class="level_1" href="https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/academics-2/" title="Navigate to: Study With Us">Study With Us</a> <ul> <li class="page_item page-item-27"> <a class="level_2" href="https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/academics-2/academics/" title="Navigate to: Students">Students</a> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-12594"> <a class="level_2" href="https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/academics-2/visiting-researchers/" title="Navigate to: Visiting Researchers">Visiting Researchers</a> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-12694"> <a class="level_2" href="https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/academics-2/missionaries-in-residence/" title="Navigate to: Missionaries-in-Residence">Missionaries-in-Residence</a> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-8076"> <a class="level_2" href="https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/academics-2/areas-of-concentration/" title="Navigate to: Research Emphases">Research Emphases</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-2898"> <a class="level_1" href="https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/research-associates/" title="Navigate to: CGCM Team">CGCM Team</a> <ul> <li class="page_item page-item-2859"> <a class="level_2" href="https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/research-associates/faculty/" title="Navigate to: Faculty Associates">Faculty Associates</a> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-231"> <a class="level_2" href="https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/research-associates/visitingresearchers/" title="Navigate to: Visiting Researchers">Visiting Researchers</a> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-12777"> <a class="level_2" href="https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/research-associates/missionaries-in-residence/" title="Navigate to: Missionaries-in-Residence">Missionaries-in-Residence</a> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-3603"> <a class="level_2" href="https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/research-associates/current-students/" title="Navigate to: Current Students">Current Students</a> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-8017"> <a class="level_2" href="https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/research-associates/world-alumni/" title="Navigate to: Alumni">Alumni</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-12618"> <a class="level_1" href="https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/network/" title="Navigate to: Friends of the CGCM">Friends of the CGCM</a> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-12946"> <a class="level_1" href="https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/digital/" title="Navigate to: Digital Projects">Digital Projects</a> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-12771"> <a class="level_1" href="https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/publications/" title="Navigate to: Publications">Publications</a> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-13002"> <a class="level_1" href="https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/partnerships/" title="Navigate to: Partnerships">Partnerships</a> <ul> <li class="page_item page-item-13004"> <a class="level_2" href="https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/partnerships/renmin-university/" title="Navigate to: Renmin University">Renmin University</a> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-12996"> <a class="level_2" href="https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/partnerships/ricci-institute/" title="Navigate to: Ricci Institute">Ricci Institute</a> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-13334"> <a class="level_2" href="https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/partnerships/institute-for-korean-christianity-culture/" title="Navigate to: Institute for Korean Christianity & Culture">Institute for Korean Christianity & Culture</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-6209"> <a class="level_1" href="https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/news/" title="Navigate to: News">News</a> <ul> <li class="page_item page-item-8165"> <a class="level_2" href="https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/news/8165-2/" title="Navigate to: Latest News">Latest News</a> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-8089"> <a class="level_2" href="https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/news/alumni/" title="Navigate to: Alumni News & Profiles">Alumni News & Profiles</a> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-12394"> <a class="level_2" href="https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/news/a-note-from-the-directors/" title="Navigate to: CGCM Notes">CGCM Notes</a> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-105"> <a class="level_2" href="https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/news/newsletter/" title="Navigate to: CGCM News">CGCM News</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-6"> <a class="level_1" href="https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/calendar/" title="Navigate to: Events">Events</a> </li> <li class="page_item page-item-13201"> <a class="level_1" href="https://trusted.bu.edu/s/1759/22/form.aspx?sid=1759&gid=2&pgid=1333&cid=2638&dids=539&bledit=1&appealcode=WEBSTH" target="_blank" title="Navigate to: Donate">Donate</a> </li> </ul> </nav> <form role="search" method="get" action="https://search.bu.edu/" id="quicksearch"><fieldset><legend class="screen-reader-text"><span>Search</span></legend><input type="hidden" name="site" value="https://www.bu.edu/cgcm" ><input type="hidden" name="context" value="site"/> <label> <span class="screen-reader-text">Search for:</span> <input name="q" type="text" aria-label="Search" class="search-field" id="q" placeholder="Search site…" title="Search for:" /> </label><input class="button search-submit" type="submit" name="do_search" value="Search" /></fieldset></form> </div> </header> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="bu-banner bu-banner-image-only"> <div class="bu-banner-media"> <picture class="bu-banner-img"><source media="(max-width: 499px)" srcset="/cgcm/files/2023/10/pexels-mehmet-turgut-kirkgoz-13996587-500x667.jpg, /cgcm/files/2023/10/pexels-mehmet-turgut-kirkgoz-13996587-1000x1334.jpg 2x"><source media="(max-width: 767px)" srcset="/cgcm/files/2023/10/pexels-mehmet-turgut-kirkgoz-13996587-768x1024.jpg"><source media="(max-width: 991px)" srcset="/cgcm/files/2023/10/pexels-mehmet-turgut-kirkgoz-13996587-992x413.jpg"><source media="(max-width: 1199px)" srcset="/cgcm/files/2023/10/pexels-mehmet-turgut-kirkgoz-13996587-1200x500.jpg"><source media="(max-width: 1499px)" srcset="/cgcm/files/2023/10/pexels-mehmet-turgut-kirkgoz-13996587-1500x624.jpg"><source media="(min-width: 1500px)" srcset="/cgcm/files/2023/10/pexels-mehmet-turgut-kirkgoz-13996587-1920x624.jpg"><img width="1200" height="500" src="/cgcm/files/2023/10/pexels-mehmet-turgut-kirkgoz-13996587-1200x500.jpg" class="bu-banner-img" alt="a woman walking in front of a wooden cross set up against a yellow colored wall" /></picture> </div> </div> <main id="main" role="main" class="content"> <div class="content-container"> <article id="post-3" class="content-area post-3 page type-page status-publish hentry"> <h1 style="text-align: center;">Center for Global Christianity & Mission</h1> <p style="text-align: center;"><strong>The CGCM is an innovative hub of research, documentation, and outreach that focuses on the intersection of mission movements, World Christianity, and global community.</strong></p> </article> <section class="bulp-section bulp-largepromos bulp-largepromos-area2 "> <div class="bulp-container"> <div class="bulp-item bulp-largepromo bulp-largepromo-full"> <div class="bulp-item-media bulp-largepromo-media"> <img width="2284" height="1282" src="/cgcm/files/2024/03/Screenshot-2024-03-28-at-1.45.23 PM.png" class="bulp-item-image bulp-largepromo-image2" alt="" srcset="https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/files/2024/03/Screenshot-2024-03-28-at-1.45.23 PM.png 2284w, https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/files/2024/03/Screenshot-2024-03-28-at-1.45.23 PM-534x300.png 534w, https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/files/2024/03/Screenshot-2024-03-28-at-1.45.23 PM-1024x575.png 1024w, https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/files/2024/03/Screenshot-2024-03-28-at-1.45.23 PM-768x431.png 768w, https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/files/2024/03/Screenshot-2024-03-28-at-1.45.23 PM-1536x862.png 1536w, https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/files/2024/03/Screenshot-2024-03-28-at-1.45.23 PM-2048x1150.png 2048w, https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/files/2024/03/Screenshot-2024-03-28-at-1.45.23 PM-1200x675.png 1200w, https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/files/2024/03/Screenshot-2024-03-28-at-1.45.23 PM-992x558.png 992w" sizes="(max-width: 2284px) 100vw, 2284px" /> </div> <div class="bulp-item-content bulp-largepromo-content"> <h2 class="bulp-item-title bulp-largepromo-title">Prof. Marthinus "Inus" Daneel Passes Away</h2> <div class="bulp-item-description bulp-largepromo-description"><p>CGCM co-founder Prof. Marthinus 'Inus' Daneel passed away on July 29, 2024 at age 87. His deep faith, remarkable life, and significant work have shifted scholarship and benefited the Church in Africa and beyond. We are in his debt, and will miss his leadership, wisdom, and friendship.</p> </div> <a class="bulp-item-button bulp-largepromo-button button-primary" href="https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/daneel-obituary/">Remember His Legacy</a> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="bulp-section bulp-promos bulp-promos-area1 bulp-section-has-3"> <div class="bulp-content bulp-promos-content"> <div class="bulp-container">  <aside class="bulp-item bulp-promo "> <a class="bulp-item-blocklink" href="https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/academics-2/"> <div class="bulp-item-media bulp-promo-media"> <img width="768" height="504" src="/cgcm/files/2024/01/14924512533_4be0c0d24a_c-768x504.jpg" class="bulp-item-image bulp-promo-image bulp-promo-area1-image" alt="" srcset="https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/files/2024/01/14924512533_4be0c0d24a_c-768x504.jpg 768w, https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/files/2024/01/14924512533_4be0c0d24a_c-457x300.jpg 457w, https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/files/2024/01/14924512533_4be0c0d24a_c.jpg 800w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px" /> </div> <div class="bulp-item-content bulp-promo-content"> <h3 class="bulp-item-title bulp-promo-title">Research</h3> <div class="bulp-item-description"><p>Scholars, students, and practitioners work together to deepen our understanding of Christian mission and communities as a global phenomenon.</p> </div> <span class="bulp-item-button bulp-promo-button bulp-promo-area1-button button-primary" href="https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/academics-2/">Join Us</span> </div> </a> </aside> <aside class="bulp-item bulp-promo "> <a class="bulp-item-blocklink" href="https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/digital/"> <div class="bulp-item-media bulp-promo-media"> <img width="620" height="786" src="/cgcm/files/2021/10/Screen-Shot-2021-10-25-at-8.05.54-PM.png" class="bulp-item-image bulp-promo-image bulp-promo-area1-image" alt="" srcset="https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/files/2021/10/Screen-Shot-2021-10-25-at-8.05.54-PM.png 620w, https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/files/2021/10/Screen-Shot-2021-10-25-at-8.05.54-PM-237x300.png 237w" sizes="(max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px" /> </div> <div class="bulp-item-content bulp-promo-content"> <h3 class="bulp-item-title bulp-promo-title">Documentation</h3> <div class="bulp-item-description"><p>The CGCM has developed numerous digital resources that make it possible to explore World Christianity and Mission from new perspectives.</p> </div> <span class="bulp-item-button bulp-promo-button bulp-promo-area1-button button-primary" href="https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/digital/">Explore</span> </div> </a> </aside> <aside class="bulp-item bulp-promo "> <a class="bulp-item-blocklink" href="https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/outreach/"> <div class="bulp-item-media bulp-promo-media"> <img width="768" height="1152" src="/cgcm/files/2023/08/pexels-george-milton-7034648-768x1152.jpg" class="bulp-item-image bulp-promo-image bulp-promo-area1-image" alt="several books set next to each other" srcset="https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/files/2023/08/pexels-george-milton-7034648-768x1152.jpg 768w, https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/files/2023/08/pexels-george-milton-7034648-200x300.jpg 200w, https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/files/2023/08/pexels-george-milton-7034648-683x1024.jpg 683w, https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/files/2023/08/pexels-george-milton-7034648-1024x1536.jpg 1024w, https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/files/2023/08/pexels-george-milton-7034648.jpg 1280w" sizes="(max-width: 768px) 100vw, 768px" /> </div> <div class="bulp-item-content bulp-promo-content"> <h3 class="bulp-item-title bulp-promo-title">Outreach</h3> <div class="bulp-item-description"><p>Regular events and new publications make it possible to stay abreast of the latest developments in World Christianity and Mission Studies.</p> </div> <span class="bulp-item-button bulp-promo-button bulp-promo-area1-button button-primary" href="https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/outreach/">Learn More</span> </div> </a> </aside>  </div> </div> </section> <section class="bulp-section bulp-largepromos bulp-largepromos-area1 "> <div class="bulp-container"> <div class="bulp-item bulp-largepromo bulp-largepromo-full"> <div class="bulp-item-media bulp-largepromo-media"> <img width="1500" height="820" src="/cgcm/files/2023/07/global_network.jpg" class="bulp-item-image bulp-largepromo-image1" alt="" srcset="https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/files/2023/07/global_network.jpg 1500w, https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/files/2023/07/global_network-549x300.jpg 549w, https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/files/2023/07/global_network-1024x560.jpg 1024w, https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/files/2023/07/global_network-768x420.jpg 768w" sizes="(max-width: 1500px) 100vw, 1500px" /> </div> <div class="bulp-item-content bulp-largepromo-content"> <h2 class="bulp-item-title bulp-largepromo-title">CGCM Notes: Spring 2025</h2> <div class="bulp-item-description bulp-largepromo-description"><p>2025 begins with news of nations and people pulling apart, but the CGCM witnesses another reality: new forms of global community and cooperation. We will be highlighting some of those points of connection through our events this Spring, such as the work of Rev. Canon Dr. Jean Baptiste Ntagengwa and his efforts to coordinate immigrant and multicultural ministries. The Center will also continue to build such important ties. The Dictionary of African Christian Biography, for instance, will team up with the Anglican Theological Seminary in Egypt so a new generation of historians can be equipped to gather the stories of Christians from North Africa. When the temptation is to pull back, the CGCM is determined to lean in.</p> </div> <a class="bulp-item-button bulp-largepromo-button button-primary" href="https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/march-2024/">Read More</a> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="bulp-section bulp-news bulp-section-has-2"> <div class="bulp-intro"> <div class="bulp-container"> <h2 class="bulp-intro-title bulp-title-news"> Recent News </h2> </div>  </div>  <div class="bulp-content bulp-news-content"> <div class="bulp-container bulp-news-container">  <article class="bulp-item bulp-article post-13156 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-announcements category-china"> <a class="bulp-item-blocklink" href="https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/2024/02/18/bc-ricci-institute-and-harvard-yenching-institute-joint-fellows-presentations/" aria-label="More on BC Ricci Institute and Harvard-Yenching Institute joint fellows presentations"> <div class="bulp-item-content bulp-article-content"> <span class="bulp-item-meta bulp-article-category">Announcements</span> <h3 class="bulp-item-title bulp-article-title">BC Ricci Institute and Harvard-Yenching Institute joint fellows presentations</h3> <time class="bulp-item-date bulp-article-date">February 18th, 2024</time> <span class="bulp-article-readmore button-primary">Read more</span> </div> </a> </article>   <article class="bulp-item bulp-article post-13161 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-announcements category-conference category-world-christianity"> <a class="bulp-item-blocklink" href="https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/2024/02/22/13161/" aria-label="More on WORLD CHRISTIANITY SUMMER INSTITUTE"> <div class="bulp-item-content bulp-article-content"> <span class="bulp-item-meta bulp-article-category">Announcements</span> <h3 class="bulp-item-title bulp-article-title">WORLD CHRISTIANITY SUMMER INSTITUTE</h3> <time class="bulp-item-date bulp-article-date">February 22nd, 2024</time> <p class="bulp-item-description bulp-article-excerpt">WORLD CHRISTIANITY SUMMER INSTITUTE Connecting Christians from the Global North and South, East and West Theme: Poverty and the Church 30 June to 5 July 2024 (Sunday to Friday) WESTMINSTER COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE, UK CCCW runs an annual residential Summer Institute on ‘World Christianity and Global Challenges’ in Cambridge. It is a wonderful opportunity for Christians […]</p> <span class="bulp-article-readmore button-primary">Read more</span> </div> </a> </article>  </div>  </div>  <a href="https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/news/" class="bulp-article-viewall bulp-viewall button-primary"> View All </a> </section> <section class="bulp-section bulp-events bulp-section-has-7"> <div class="bulp-intro"> <div class="bulp-container"> <h2 class="bulp-intro-title bulp-title-events">Calendar</h2> </div>  </div>  <div class="bulp-content bulp-events-content"> <div class="bulp-container bulp-events-container">  <article class="bulp-item bulp-event">   <div class="bulp-item-content bulp-event-content"> <h3 class="bulp-item-title bulp-event-title">Latin American Christian Nationalism</h3> <span class="bulp-item-meta bulp-event-when"> <span class="bulp-event-meta-date"> <span class="bulp-event-label">Day:</span> <span class="bulp-event-day">Friday</span> <span class="bulp-event-month">Mar</span> <span class="bulp-event-date">28th</span> </span> <span class="bulp-event-meta-time"> <span class="bulp-event-label">Time:</span> <span class="bulp-event-time">12:00pm</span> </span> </span> <span class="bulp-item-meta bulp-event-where">  STH 311 </span> </div> <div class="bulp-event-buttons"> <a href="/cgcm/calendar/?eid=304480&oid=0" class="bulp-event-readmore button">Details</a> </div> </article>  <article class="bulp-item bulp-event">   <div class="bulp-item-content bulp-event-content"> <h3 class="bulp-item-title bulp-event-title">Mapping Local Water: The French Jesuit Collection on the Modern Yangzi Delta and Its Usefulness for GIS and Environmental Humanities</h3> <span class="bulp-item-meta bulp-event-when"> <span class="bulp-event-meta-date"> <span class="bulp-event-label">Day:</span> <span class="bulp-event-day">Wednesday</span> <span class="bulp-event-month">Apr</span> <span class="bulp-event-date">2nd</span> </span> <span class="bulp-event-meta-time"> <span class="bulp-event-label">Time:</span> <span class="bulp-event-time">9:00am</span> </span> </span> <span class="bulp-item-meta bulp-event-where">  Online Event </span> </div> <div class="bulp-event-buttons"> <a href="/cgcm/calendar/?eid=305734&oid=0" class="bulp-event-readmore button">Details</a> </div> </article>  <article class="bulp-item bulp-event">   <div class="bulp-item-content bulp-event-content"> <h3 class="bulp-item-title bulp-event-title">Christianity and Asian Societies Today</h3> <span class="bulp-item-meta bulp-event-when"> <span class="bulp-event-meta-date"> <span class="bulp-event-label">Day:</span> <span class="bulp-event-day">Thursday</span> <span class="bulp-event-month">Apr</span> <span class="bulp-event-date">3rd</span> </span> <span class="bulp-event-meta-time"> <span class="bulp-event-label">Time:</span> <span class="bulp-event-time">All Day</span> </span> </span> </div> <div class="bulp-event-buttons"> <a href="/cgcm/calendar/?eid=304864&oid=0" class="bulp-event-readmore button">Details</a> </div> </article>  <article class="bulp-item bulp-event">   <div class="bulp-item-content bulp-event-content"> <h3 class="bulp-item-title bulp-event-title">Christianity and Asian Societies Today</h3> <span class="bulp-item-meta bulp-event-when"> <span class="bulp-event-meta-date"> <span class="bulp-event-label">Day:</span> <span class="bulp-event-day">Friday</span> <span class="bulp-event-month">Apr</span> <span class="bulp-event-date">4th</span> </span> <span class="bulp-event-meta-time"> <span class="bulp-event-label">Time:</span> <span class="bulp-event-time">All Day</span> </span> </span> </div> <div class="bulp-event-buttons"> <a href="/cgcm/calendar/?eid=305732&oid=0" class="bulp-event-readmore button">Details</a> </div> </article>  <article class="bulp-item bulp-event">   <div class="bulp-item-content bulp-event-content"> <h3 class="bulp-item-title bulp-event-title">Christianity and Asian Societies Today</h3> <span class="bulp-item-meta bulp-event-when"> <span class="bulp-event-meta-date"> <span class="bulp-event-label">Day:</span> <span class="bulp-event-day">Saturday</span> <span class="bulp-event-month">Apr</span> <span class="bulp-event-date">5th</span> </span> <span class="bulp-event-meta-time"> <span class="bulp-event-label">Time:</span> <span class="bulp-event-time">All Day</span> </span> </span> </div> <div class="bulp-event-buttons"> <a href="/cgcm/calendar/?eid=305733&oid=0" class="bulp-event-readmore button">Details</a> </div> </article>  <article class="bulp-item bulp-event">   <div class="bulp-item-content bulp-event-content"> <h3 class="bulp-item-title bulp-event-title">Christianity in Myanmar: A Struggle to Survive</h3> <span class="bulp-item-meta bulp-event-when"> <span class="bulp-event-meta-date"> <span class="bulp-event-label">Day:</span> <span class="bulp-event-day">Tuesday</span> <span class="bulp-event-month">Apr</span> <span class="bulp-event-date">8th</span> </span> <span class="bulp-event-meta-time"> <span class="bulp-event-label">Time:</span> <span class="bulp-event-time">All Day</span> </span> </span> </div> <div class="bulp-event-buttons"> <a href="/cgcm/calendar/?eid=303556&oid=0" class="bulp-event-readmore button">Details</a> </div> </article>  <article class="bulp-item bulp-event">   <div class="bulp-item-content bulp-event-content"> <h3 class="bulp-item-title bulp-event-title">Lessons in Taming a Wave: The Adventure of Writing the Early History of Youth With A Mission</h3> <span class="bulp-item-meta bulp-event-when"> <span class="bulp-event-meta-date"> <span class="bulp-event-label">Day:</span> <span class="bulp-event-day">Thursday</span> <span class="bulp-event-month">Apr</span> <span class="bulp-event-date">10th</span> </span> <span class="bulp-event-meta-time"> <span class="bulp-event-label">Time:</span> <span class="bulp-event-time">11:00am - 12:30pm</span> </span> </span> <span class="bulp-item-meta bulp-event-where">  Room B23, School of Theology (745 Commonwealth Ave) </span> </div> <div class="bulp-event-buttons"> <a href="/cgcm/calendar/?eid=306273&oid=0" class="bulp-event-readmore button">Details</a> </div> </article> </div>  </div>  <a href="https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/calendar/" class="bulp-event-viewall bulp-viewall button-primary"> View All </a> </section> </div> </main> </div> <footer class="site-footer has-footer-links" role="contentinfo"> <div class="site-footer-brand-assets"> </div> <div class="site-footer-menus"> </div> <div class="bu_copyright u-visually-hidden">© Boston University. All rights reserved. www.bu.edu</div> </footer> <script type="text/javascript"> (function($) { var ajaxurl = "https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php"; if (jQuery('.sortable').length) { var data = { action: 'sortable_scripts' }; $.post(ajaxurl, data, function(scripts) { var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; $(s).before(scripts); }); } })(jQuery); </script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/wp-content/themes/responsive-framework-2-x/js/script.js?ver=2.5.6'></script> <script type='text/javascript' src='https://www.bu.edu/cgcm/wp-includes/js/wp-embed.min.js?ver=5.4.2'></script> <script type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info={"beacon":"bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"b19c58809e","applicationID":"7212547","transactionName":"YV1SNkUDWEQDBRdQDFgXcQFDC1lZTRYCXgY=","queueTime":0,"applicationTime":276,"atts":"TRpFQA0ZSxtAB0EDGEtF","errorBeacon":"bam.nr-data.net","agent":""}</script></body> </html>