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id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pierre-Jean Fabre</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B1%D1%80-%D0%B4%D0%B5-%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B8,_%D0%9F%D1%8C%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Фабр-де-Кастельнодари, Пьер Жан – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фабр-де-Кастельнодари, Пьер Жан" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre-Jean_Fabre" title="Pierre-Jean Fabre – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Pierre-Jean Fabre" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">French doctor and alchemist (1588–1658)</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palladium_spagyricum_RGNb10332947.02.engraved_tp_1624_Pierre-Jean_Fabre_portrait_detail.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Palladium_spagyricum_RGNb10332947.02.engraved_tp_1624_Pierre-Jean_Fabre_portrait_detail.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Palladium_spagyricum_RGNb10332947.02.engraved_tp_1624_Pierre-Jean_Fabre_portrait_detail.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Palladium_spagyricum_RGNb10332947.02.engraved_tp_1624_Pierre-Jean_Fabre_portrait_detail.tif/lossy-page1-330px-Palladium_spagyricum_RGNb10332947.02.engraved_tp_1624_Pierre-Jean_Fabre_portrait_detail.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Palladium_spagyricum_RGNb10332947.02.engraved_tp_1624_Pierre-Jean_Fabre_portrait_detail.tif/lossy-page1-440px-Palladium_spagyricum_RGNb10332947.02.engraved_tp_1624_Pierre-Jean_Fabre_portrait_detail.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="238" data-file-height="291" /></a><figcaption> Portrait detail from title page of <i>Palladium spagyricum</i>, 1624</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Pierre-Jean Fabre</b> (1588 – 9 January 1658) was a French doctor and <a href="/wiki/Alchemist" class="mw-redirect" title="Alchemist">alchemist</a>. Born in <a href="/wiki/Castelnaudary" title="Castelnaudary">Castelnaudary</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> in 1588, he studied medicine in <a href="/wiki/Montpellier" title="Montpellier">Montpellier</a>, <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>. He became a practitioner of the <a href="/wiki/Iatrochemistry" title="Iatrochemistry">iatrochemical medicine</a> of <a href="/wiki/Paracelsus" title="Paracelsus">Paracelsus</a>. Beginning in 1610 he practiced medicine in Castelnaudary. He became famous as a specialist in the <a href="/wiki/Bubonic_plague" title="Bubonic plague">plague</a> which was <a href="/wiki/Second_plague_pandemic" title="Second plague pandemic">particularly severe</a> in central Europe during the <a href="/wiki/Thirty_Years%27_War" title="Thirty Years' War">Thirty Years' War</a>. Fabre prescribed chemical medications for the treatment of the plague and was at one time the private physician of King <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIII_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XIII of France">Louis XIII of France</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Debus_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Debus-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fabre was a practising alchemist, and claimed to have succeeded in the alchemical transmutation of <a href="/wiki/Lead" title="Lead">lead</a> into <a href="/wiki/Silver" title="Silver">silver</a> on 22 July 1627.<sup id="cite_ref-Calmettes_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Calmettes-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was strongly attracted to mystical aspects of chemistry, drawing parallels between the chemical operations of alchemy and the sacraments of the Christian church, particularly in his <i>Alchymista Christianus</i> (1632).<sup id="cite_ref-Debus_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Debus-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Maxwell-Stuart_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maxwell-Stuart-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Principe_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Principe-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fabre died in Castelnaudary on 9 January 1658.<sup id="cite_ref-Greiner_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greiner-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alchymista_Christianus"><i>Alchymista Christianus</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre-Jean_Fabre&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Alchymista Christianus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>"He saw valid correspondences between the sacraments and chemical operations: calcination symbolised penitence; fire and water corresponded to baptism; and the Philosopher's Stone could be compared to nothing less than the Eucharist. Assuming this, Fabre thought that true alchemists were like priests; the spirit of mercury was like the angels; the earth was like the Virgin Mary; and the life-giving properties of salt gave it a valid connection to Christ. These correspondences could be visualised because they were sculpted on the great churches of France, whose artist-architects had presented their esoteric knowledge to the viewer." - <sup id="cite_ref-Chemical_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chemical-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre-Jean_Fabre&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palladium_spagyricum_RGNb10332947.02.engraved_tp_1624.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Palladium_spagyricum_RGNb10332947.02.engraved_tp_1624.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Palladium_spagyricum_RGNb10332947.02.engraved_tp_1624.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="363" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Palladium_spagyricum_RGNb10332947.02.engraved_tp_1624.tif/lossy-page1-330px-Palladium_spagyricum_RGNb10332947.02.engraved_tp_1624.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Palladium_spagyricum_RGNb10332947.02.engraved_tp_1624.tif/lossy-page1-440px-Palladium_spagyricum_RGNb10332947.02.engraved_tp_1624.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1238" data-file-height="2042" /></a><figcaption> <i>Palladium spagyricum</i>, title page, 1624</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alchymista_Christianus_RGNb10332972.03.tp_1632.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Alchymista_Christianus_RGNb10332972.03.tp_1632.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Alchymista_Christianus_RGNb10332972.03.tp_1632.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="408" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Alchymista_Christianus_RGNb10332972.03.tp_1632.tif/lossy-page1-330px-Alchymista_Christianus_RGNb10332972.03.tp_1632.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Alchymista_Christianus_RGNb10332972.03.tp_1632.tif/lossy-page1-440px-Alchymista_Christianus_RGNb10332972.03.tp_1632.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1143" data-file-height="2120" /></a><figcaption> <i>Alchymista Christianus</i>, title page, 1632</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><i>Palladium Spagyricum</i>, Toulouse, Bosc, 1624, 276 p.</li> <li><i>Chirurgica spagyrica</i>, Toulouse, Bosc, 1626, 176 p. Traduction française manuscrite de Pierre Mallet, Chartres, 1649.</li> <li><i>Insignes curationes variorum morborum quos medicamentis chymicis jucundissima methodo curavit</i>, Toulouse, Bosc, 1627.</li> <li><i>Myrothecium spagyricum</i>, Toulouse, Bosc, 1628, 448 p.</li> <li><i>Traité de la peste selon la doctrine des médecins spagyriques</i>, Toulouse, 1629, Castres, 1653.</li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://documents.univ-toulouse.fr/150NDG/PPN07557392X.pdf">Alchymista christianus</a></i>, Toulouse, Bosc, 1632. Trad. (XVIII° s.) : <i>L'alchimiste chrétien</i> (édition de Frank Greiner), Paris et Milan, Archè, 2001, 732 p. Paraphrase alchimique de la <i>Theologia naturalis</i> de <a href="/wiki/Raymond_Sebond" class="mw-redirect" title="Raymond Sebond">Raymond Sebond</a>. Texte latin 1632, 32-236-4.</li> <li><i>Hercules pio-chymicus</i>, Toulouse, Bosc, 1634.</li> <li><i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bnam.fr/spip.php?article312">L'Abrégé des secrets chymiques, où l'on voit la nature des animaux, végétaux et minéraux entièrement découverts, avec les vertus et propriétés des principes qui composent et conservent leur être; et un traité de la médecine générale</a></i>, Paris, Pierre Billaine, 1636. Gutenberg Reprints, 1990.</li> <li><i>Hydrographum spagyricum</i>, Toulouse, Bosc, 1639, 260 p.</li> <li><i>Propugnaculum alchymiae adversus quosdam misochymicos...</i>, Toulouse, Bosc, 1645, 128 p. Traduction française manuscrite en 1790 par le chevalier Dernelon : <i>Rempart de l'alchimie</i>.</li> <li><i>Traduction et notes du Cursus triomphalis Antimonii de Basile Valentin</i>, Toulouse, Bosc, 1646.</li> <li><i>Panchymicus, seu Anatomia totius Universi Opus</i>, Toulouse, Bosc, 1646.</li> <li><i>Sapientia Universalis quatuor libris comprehensa. Videlicet 1. Quid sit sapientia, & de modiis ad eam perveniendi, 2. De cognitione hominis, 3. De medentis morbis hominum, 4. De Meliorandis metallis</i>, Toulouse, Bosc, 1654.</li> <li><i>Remèdes curatifs et préservatifs de la peste donnez au public en 1652 par Pierre-Jean Fabre</i>, Réimprimé en 1720 à Toulouse, 16 p.</li> <li><i>Manuscriptum ad Serenissimum Fridericum...res alchymicorum explanans</i>, 1653, édité par G. Clauder dans les <i>Miscellanea Curiosa</i> de l'Académie impériale léopoldine de Nuremberg, 1690; in J. J. Manget, <i><a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_Chemica_Curiosa" title="Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa">Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa</a></i>, 1702.</li> <li><i>Opera reliqua volumine hoc posteriore comprehensa</i>, Francfort, Beyer, 1652; Francfort, Beyer, 1656.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Resources">Resources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre-Jean_Fabre&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Resources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Greiner, Frank, Introduction à <i>L'Alchimiste chrétien</i> (<i>Alchymista christianus</i>), Paris, S.É.H.A. et Milan, ARCHÈ, 2001, p. VII-CXVII.</li> <li>Greiner, Frank, "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bibliotheca-tholosana.fr/bth/accueilArticleDictionnaire.seam?articleDictionnaireArticleDictionnaireId=4&cid=601854">Pierre-Jean Fabre</a>", in <i>Dictionnaire de réseaux culturels toulousains en Europe entre 1480 et 1780</i>, <i>Bibliotheca Tholosana</i></li> <li>Joly, Bernard, "La réception de la pensée de Van Helmont dans l'œuvre de Pierre-Jean Fabre", in Z.R.W.M. von Martels (éd.), <i>Alchemy Revisited</i>, Brill, Leiden, 1990, pp. 206–214.</li> <li>Joly, Bernard, <i>Rationalité de l'alchimie au XVIIe siècle</i>, Vrin, 1992.</li> <li>Joly, Bernard, "Pierre-Jean Fabre", apud <i><a href="/wiki/The_dictionary_of_seventeenth-century_french_philosophers" class="mw-redirect" title="The dictionary of seventeenth-century french philosophers">The dictionary of seventeenth-century french philosophers</a></i>, Thoemmes Press, 2004.</li> <li>Nelly, René, "Un médecin alchimiste : Pierre-Jean Fabre", <i>La Tour Saint-Jacques</i>, n° 16, Paris, 1958.</li> <li>Ricalens, Henry, "Pierre-Jean Fabre, médecin et alchimiste de Castelnaudary (1588-1658) et son traité de la peste selon la méthode des médecins spagyristes", <i>Bulletin de la société d'études scientifiques de l'Aude</i>, 2003, vol. CIII, p. 113-120.</li> <li>Secret, François, "Pierre-Jean Fabre, médecin spagirique et alchimiste", <i>Bibliothèque d'humanisme et Renaissance</i>, Genève, t. XXXV, 1973.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pierre-Jean_Fabre&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Debus-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Debus_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Debus_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFDebus1991" class="citation book cs1">Debus, Allen G. (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ohi8z3wUZiIC&pg=PA75"><i>The French Paracelsians : the chemical challenge to medical and scientific tradition in early modern France</i></a> (1. publ. ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521400497" title="Special:BookSources/9780521400497"><bdi>9780521400497</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+French+Paracelsians+%3A+the+chemical+challenge+to+medical+and+scientific+tradition+in+early+modern+France&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.edition=1.+publ.&rft.pub=Cambridge+Univ.+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=9780521400497&rft.aulast=Debus&rft.aufirst=Allen+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dohi8z3wUZiIC%26pg%3DPA75&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APierre-Jean+Fabre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Calmettes-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Calmettes_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCalmettes2017" class="citation journal cs1">Calmettes, Alain (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.couleur-lauragais.fr/pages/journaux/2017/cl196/histoire.html">"Histoire: Pierre-Jean Fabre, alchimiste et médecin du Roi"</a>. <i>Couleur Lauragais - les Journaux</i>. <b>196</b> (October)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Couleur+Lauragais+-+les+Journaux&rft.atitle=Histoire%3A+Pierre-Jean+Fabre%2C+alchimiste+et+m%C3%A9decin+du+Roi&rft.volume=196&rft.issue=October&rft.date=2017&rft.aulast=Calmettes&rft.aufirst=Alain&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.couleur-lauragais.fr%2Fpages%2Fjournaux%2F2017%2Fcl196%2Fhistoire.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APierre-Jean+Fabre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Maxwell-Stuart-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Maxwell-Stuart_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaxwell-Stuart2012" class="citation book cs1">Maxwell-Stuart, P.G. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_XASBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA124"><i>The chemical choir : a history of alchemy</i></a> (Paperback ed.). London: Continuum. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781441132970" title="Special:BookSources/9781441132970"><bdi>9781441132970</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+chemical+choir+%3A+a+history+of+alchemy&rft.place=London&rft.edition=Paperback&rft.pub=Continuum&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9781441132970&rft.aulast=Maxwell-Stuart&rft.aufirst=P.G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_XASBwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA124&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APierre-Jean+Fabre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Principe-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Principe_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrincipe2012" class="citation book cs1">Principe, Lawrence M. (10 December 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sR2qKWpO-ssC&pg=PA201"><i>The Secrets of Alchemy</i></a>. Chicago, IL: UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780226103792" title="Special:BookSources/9780226103792"><bdi>9780226103792</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Secrets+of+Alchemy&rft.place=Chicago%2C+IL&rft.pub=UNIVERSITY+OF+CHICAGO+PRESS.&rft.date=2012-12-10&rft.isbn=9780226103792&rft.aulast=Principe&rft.aufirst=Lawrence+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsR2qKWpO-ssC%26pg%3DPA201&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APierre-Jean+Fabre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Greiner-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Greiner_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreiner" class="citation book cs1">Greiner, Frank. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bibliotheca-tholosana.fr/bth/accueilArticleDictionnaire.seam?articleDictionnaireArticleDictionnaireId=4&cid=601854"><i>Bibliotheca Tholosana: Dictionnaire de réseaux culturels toulousains en Europe entre 1480 et 1780</i></a>. pp. Pierre-Jean Fabre<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 December</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bibliotheca+Tholosana%3A+Dictionnaire+de+r%C3%A9seaux+culturels+toulousains+en+Europe+entre+1480+et+1780&rft.pages=Pierre-Jean+Fabre&rft.aulast=Greiner&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bibliotheca-tholosana.fr%2Fbth%2FaccueilArticleDictionnaire.seam%3FarticleDictionnaireArticleDictionnaireId%3D4%26cid%3D601854&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APierre-Jean+Fabre" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chemical-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Chemical_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A.G. Debus, The Chemical Challenge to Medical and Scientific Tradition in Early Modern France, p75.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/List_of_alchemists" title="List of alchemists">Alchemists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Greco-Egyptian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agathodaemon_(alchemist)" title="Agathodaemon (alchemist)">Agathodaemon (legendary)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chymes" title="Chymes">Chymes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_the_Alchemist" title="Cleopatra the Alchemist">pseudo-Cleopatra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudo-Democritus" title="Pseudo-Democritus">pseudo-Democritus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermes_Trismegistus" title="Hermes Trismegistus">Hermes Trismegistus (legendary)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_the_Jewess" title="Mary the Jewess">Mary the Jewess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_of_Alexandria" title="Moses of Alexandria">pseudo-Moses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostanes" title="Ostanes">Ostanes (legendary)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paphnutia_the_Virgin" title="Paphnutia the Virgin">Paphnutia the Virgin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zosimos_of_Panopolis" title="Zosimos of Panopolis">Zosimos of Panopolis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_alchemy" title="Chinese alchemy">Ancient Chinese</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fang_(alchemist)" title="Fang (alchemist)">Fang (alchemist)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ge_Hong" title="Ge Hong">Ge Hong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_Geng" title="Master Geng">Master Geng</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wei_Boyang" title="Wei Boyang">Wei Boyang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Byzantine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Olympiodorus_the_Younger" title="Olympiodorus the Younger">pseudo-Olympiodorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephanus_of_Alexandria" title="Stephanus of Alexandria">Stephanus of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synesius" title="Synesius">Synesius</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Alchemy_and_chemistry_in_the_medieval_Islamic_world" class="mw-redirect" title="Alchemy and chemistry in the medieval Islamic world">Arabic-Islamic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abu_Bakr_al-Razi" title="Abu Bakr al-Razi">Abū Bakr al-Rāzī (Rhazes)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphidius" title="Alphidius">Alphidius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirr_al-khaliqa" class="mw-redirect" title="Sirr al-khaliqa">pseudo-Apollonius of Tyana (Balīnūs/Balīnās)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artephius" title="Artephius">Artephius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avicenna" title="Avicenna">pseudo-Avicenna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Arfa%27_Ra%27s" title="Ibn Arfa' Ra's">Ibn Arfaʿ Raʾs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Umayl" title="Ibn Umayl">Ibn Umayl (Senior Zadith)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ibn_Wahshiyya" title="Ibn Wahshiyya">Ibn Waḥshiyya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Simawi" title="Al-Simawi">al-ʿIrāqī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabir_ibn_Hayyan" title="Jabir ibn Hayyan">Jābir ibn Ḥayyān (Geber)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalid_ibn_Yazid" title="Khalid ibn Yazid">pseudo-Khālid ibn Yazīd (Calid)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Jildaki" title="Al-Jildaki">al-Jildakī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picatrix" title="Picatrix">Maslama al-Qurṭubī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Tughrai" class="mw-redirect" title="Al-Tughrai">al-Ṭughrāʾī</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Al-Zahrawi" title="Al-Zahrawi">al-Zahrāwī (Abulcasis)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Late medieval</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pseudo-Albertus" title="Pseudo-Albertus">pseudo-Albertus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnaldus_de_Villa_Nova" title="Arnaldus de Villa Nova">(pseudo-)Arnaldus de Villa Nova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudo-Geber" title="Pseudo-Geber">pseudo-Geber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Ripley_(alchemist)" title="George Ripley (alchemist)">George Ripley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guido_di_Montanor" title="Guido di Montanor">Guido di Montanor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_of_Evesham" title="Hugh of Evesham">Hugh of Evesham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_of_Laz" title="Johann of Laz">Johann of Laz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dastin" title="John Dastin">John Dastin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_de_Roquetaillade" title="Jean de Roquetaillade">John of Rupescissa (Jean de Roquetaillade)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magister_Salernus" title="Magister Salernus">Magister Salernus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Scot" title="Michael Scot">pseudo-Michael Scot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ortolanus" title="Ortolanus">Ortolanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_of_Taranto" title="Paul of Taranto">Paul of Taranto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrus_Bonus" title="Petrus Bonus">Petrus Bonus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramon_Llull" title="Ramon Llull">pseudo-Ramon Llull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Bacon" title="Roger Bacon">(pseudo-)Roger Bacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taddeo_Alderotti" title="Taddeo Alderotti">Taddeo Alderotti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Norton_(alchemist)" title="Thomas Norton (alchemist)">Thomas Norton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Early modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Libavius" title="Andreas Libavius">Andreas Libavius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil_Valentine" title="Basil Valentine">Basil Valentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_Trevisan" title="Bernard Trevisan">pseudo-Bernard of Treviso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Starkey" title="George Starkey">George Starkey (Eirenaeus Philalethes)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Dorn" title="Gerhard Dorn">Gerhard Dorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Mercurio_da_Correggio" title="Giovanni Mercurio da Correggio">Giovanni da Correggio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Khunrath" title="Heinrich Khunrath">Heinrich Khunrath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hennig_Brand" title="Hennig Brand">Hennig Brand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Isaac Newton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jakob_B%C3%B6hme" title="Jakob Böhme">Jakob Böhme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Baptist_van_Helmont" title="Jan Baptist van Helmont">Jan Baptist van Helmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Rudolf_Glauber" title="Johann Rudolf Glauber">Johann Rudolf Glauber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dee" title="John Dee">John Dee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Maier" title="Michael Maier">Michael Maier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Sendivogius" title="Michael Sendivogius">Michael Sendivogius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paracelsus" title="Paracelsus">Paracelsus</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pierre-Jean Fabre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Boyle" title="Robert Boyle">Robert Boyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Norton_(alchemist)" title="Samuel Norton (alchemist)">Samuel Norton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Vaughan_(philosopher)" title="Thomas Vaughan (philosopher)">Thomas Vaughan (Eugenius Philalethes)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Homberg" title="Wilhelm Homberg">Wilhelm Homberg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Jung#Alchemy" title="Carl Jung">Carl Jung</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Canseliet" title="Eugène Canseliet">Eugène Canseliet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frater_Albertus" title="Frater Albertus">Frater Albertus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulcanelli" title="Fulcanelli">Fulcanelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Anne_Atwood" title="Mary Anne Atwood">Mary Anne Atwood</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Alchemical_documents" title="Category:Alchemical documents">Writings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Atalanta_Fugiens" title="Atalanta Fugiens">Atalanta fugiens</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aurora_consurgens" title="Aurora consurgens">Aurora consurgens</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liber_de_compositione_alchemiae" title="Liber de compositione alchemiae"><i>Liber de compositione alchemiae</i> (<i>Morienus</i>)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_the_Silvery_Water_and_the_Starry_Earth" class="mw-redirect" title="Book of the Silvery Water and the Starry Earth">Book of the Silvery Water and the Starry Earth</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Mercy_(alchemical_treatise)" class="mw-redirect" title="Book of Mercy (alchemical treatise)">Book of Mercy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Books_of_the_Balances" class="mw-redirect" title="Books of the Balances">Books of the Balances</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Buch_der_heiligen_Dreifaltigkeit" title="Buch der heiligen Dreifaltigkeit">Buch der heiligen Dreifaltigkeit</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cantong_qi" title="Cantong qi">Cantong Qi</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chymical_Wedding_of_Christian_Rosenkreutz" title="Chymical Wedding of Christian Rosenkreutz">Chymical Wedding of Christian Rosenkreutz</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clavis_sapientiae" class="mw-redirect" title="Clavis sapientiae"><i>Clavis sapientiae</i> (<i>Miftāḥ al-ḥikma</i>)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/De_consideratione_quintae_essentiae" class="mw-redirect" title="De consideratione quintae essentiae">De consideratione quintae essentiae</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emerald_Tablet" title="Emerald Tablet"><i>Emerald Tablet</i> (<i>Tabula Smaragdina</i>)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Leyden_papyrus_X" title="Leyden papyrus X">Leyden papyrus X</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liber_Hermetis_de_alchemia" class="mw-redirect" title="Liber Hermetis de alchemia"><i>Liber Hermetis de alchemia</i> (<i>Liber dabessi</i>)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Liber_Ignium" title="Liber Ignium">Liber ignium</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Liber_lucis" class="mw-redirect" title="Liber lucis">Liber lucis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mappae_clavicula" title="Mappae clavicula">Mappae clavicula</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Mirror_of_Alchimy" title="The Mirror of Alchimy">Mirror of Alchimy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mutus_Liber" title="Mutus Liber">Mutus liber</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Nabataean_Agriculture" title="The Nabataean Agriculture">Nabataean Agriculture</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Norton_(alchemist)" title="Thomas Norton (alchemist)">Ordinal of Alchemy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_Graecus_Holmiensis" title="Papyrus Graecus Holmiensis">Papyrus Graecus Holmiensis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Physika_kai_mystika" class="mw-redirect" title="Physika kai mystika">Physika kai mystika</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rosary_of_the_Philosophers" title="Rosary of the Philosophers">Rosary of the Philosophers</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutbat_al-hakim" class="mw-redirect" title="Rutbat al-hakim"><i>Rutbat al-ḥakīm</i> (<i>Step of the Sage</i>)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Seventy_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Seventy Books">Seventy Books</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirr_al-khaliqa" class="mw-redirect" title="Sirr al-khaliqa"><i>Sirr al-khalīqa</i> (<i>Secret of Creation</i>)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretum_Secretorum" title="Secretum Secretorum"><i>Sirr al-asrār</i> (pseudo-Aristotle)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sirr_al-asrar_(al-Razi)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sirr al-asrar (al-Razi)"><i>Sirr al-asrār</i> (al-Rāzī)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Splendor_Solis" title="Splendor Solis">Splendor solis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Summa_perfectionis" class="mw-redirect" title="Summa perfectionis">Summa perfectionis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Suspicions_about_the_Hidden_Realities_of_the_Air" title="Suspicions about the Hidden Realities of the Air">Suspicions about the Hidden Realities of the Air</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Turba_Philosophorum" title="Turba Philosophorum">Turba philosophorum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Twelve_Keys_of_Basil_Valentine" title="The Twelve Keys of Basil Valentine">Twelve Keys of Basil Valentine</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Compilations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Salomon_Trismosin#Aureum_Vellus" title="Salomon Trismosin">Aureum vellus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bibliotheca_Chemica_Curiosa" title="Bibliotheca Chemica Curiosa">Bibliotheca chemica curiosa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/De_Alchemia" title="De Alchemia">De alchemia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Deutsches_Theatrum_Chemicum" title="Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum">Deutsches Theatrum Chemicum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fasciculus_Chemicus" title="Fasciculus Chemicus">Fasciculus chemicus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Musaeum_Hermeticum" title="Musaeum Hermeticum">Musaeum Hermeticum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Theatrum_Chemicum" title="Theatrum Chemicum">Theatrum chemicum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Theatrum_Chemicum_Britannicum" title="Theatrum Chemicum Britannicum">Theatrum chemicum Britannicum</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tripus_Aureus" title="Tripus Aureus">Tripus aureus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Various</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alembic" title="Alembic">Alembic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alkahest" title="Alkahest">Alkahest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanor" title="Athanor">Athanor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azoth" title="Azoth">Azoth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysopoeia" title="Chrysopoeia">Chrysopoeia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_element" title="Classical element">Element</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digestion_(alchemy)" title="Digestion (alchemy)">Digestion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elixir_of_life" title="Elixir of life">Elixir of life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homunculus" title="Homunculus">Homunculus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iatrochemistry" title="Iatrochemistry">Iatrochemistry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alchemy_in_art_and_entertainment" title="Alchemy in art and entertainment">In art/entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnum_opus_(alchemy)" title="Magnum opus (alchemy)">Magnum opus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ouroboros" title="Ouroboros">Ouroboros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pill_of_Immortality" title="Pill of Immortality">Pill of Immortality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosopher%27s_stone" title="Philosopher's stone">Philosophers' stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prima_materia" title="Prima materia">Prima materia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebis" title="Rebis">Rebis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spagyric" class="mw-redirect" title="Spagyric">Spagyric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takwin" title="Takwin">Takwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yliaster" title="Yliaster">Yliaster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Alchemical_processes" title="Category:Alchemical processes">Processes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_alchemical_substances" title="List of alchemical substances">Substances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alchemical_symbol" title="Alchemical symbol">Symbols</a> (<a 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3383172#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2324" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div 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href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJghjYxM8tcfhYFPBTttKd">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/119262223">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n85311824">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11902124m">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11902124m">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Fabre, Pierre-Jean <sec. 17>"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/MILV102999">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=mzk2008443080&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/1748323">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p07082620X">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810639141605606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/115037">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007277578405171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/119262223.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/119262223">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026856433">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    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