Energy Efficiency and Demand - Energy System

<!DOCTYPE html> <html dir="ltr" lang="en-GB" class="no-js page-energy-detail "> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"> <meta name="csrf-token" content=""> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/assets/front/images/favicon.ico"> <link rel="preload" href="/assets/front/app.0c72a7e077173c493f41.js" as="script"> <link rel="preload" href="/assets/front/style.07a0ed05712ccb1b3ad7.css" as="style"> <link href="/assets/front/style.07a0ed05712ccb1b3ad7.css" rel="stylesheet"/>  <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="IEA" /> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no" />  <meta name="theme-color" content="#FFFFFF" />  <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="IEA" />  <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="IEA" /> <meta name="twitter:domain" content="www.iea.org" /> <meta name="twitter:creator" content="IEA" /> <title>Energy Efficiency and Demand - Energy System - IEA</title> <meta property="og:title" content="Energy Efficiency and Demand - Energy System - IEA" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Energy Efficiency and Demand - Energy System - IEA" /> <meta itemprop="name" content="Energy Efficiency and Demand - Energy System - IEA"> <meta name="description" content="Energy-efficient technologies slow growth in energy demand and play a vital role in reducing fossil fuel consumption and emissions in all sectors of the economy. For example, more energy-efficient cars, trucks and aircraft reduce oil demand in the transpo"> <meta property="og:description" content="Energy-efficient technologies slow growth in energy demand and play a vital role in reducing fossil fuel consumption and emissions in all sectors of the economy. For example, more energy-efficient cars, trucks and aircraft reduce oil demand in the transpo" /> <meta name="twitter:description" content="Energy-efficient technologies slow growth in energy demand and play a vital role in reducing fossil fuel consumption and emissions in all sectors of the economy. For example, more energy-efficient cars, trucks and aircraft reduce oil demand in the transpo" /> <meta itemprop="description" content="Energy-efficient technologies slow growth in energy demand and play a vital role in reducing fossil fuel consumption and emissions in all sectors of the economy. For example, more energy-efficient cars, trucks and aircraft reduce oil demand in the transpo"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.iea.org/energy-system/energy-efficiency-and-demand" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.iea.org/energy-system/energy-efficiency-and-demand" /> <meta name="twitter:url" content="https://www.iea.org/energy-system/energy-efficiency-and-demand" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://iea.imgix.net/72642c3c-5c66-40c9-84aa-71f724655b3a/hector-martinez-rUUpyVdSnek-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&h=630&q=80&rect=0%2C3000%2C5141%2C2883&w=1230" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="630" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://iea.imgix.net/72642c3c-5c66-40c9-84aa-71f724655b3a/hector-martinez-rUUpyVdSnek-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&h=630&q=80&rect=0%2C3000%2C5141%2C2883&w=1230"> <meta itemprop="image" content="https://iea.imgix.net/72642c3c-5c66-40c9-84aa-71f724655b3a/hector-martinez-rUUpyVdSnek-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&h=630&q=80&rect=0%2C3000%2C5141%2C2883&w=1230"> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/assets/front/images/favicon.ico"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/assets/front/images/apple-touch-icon.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" type="image/png" href="/assets/front/apple-touch-icon-precomposed.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/assets/front/images/favicon-32x32.png" sizes="32x32"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/assets/front/images/favicon-16x16.png" sizes="16x16"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/assets/front/images/android-chrome-192x192.png" sizes="192x192"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/assets/front/images/android-chrome-512x512.png" sizes="512x512"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#000000"> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="/assets/front/images/mstile-150x150.png"> <meta name="copyright" content="(c) 2025 IEA" /> <meta name="version" content="45df6d45c7987a2adbd87d95483c9f5f97d3ccc1"/>   <script nonce="vXaz0wrZv5liiTjK1BV2rprdVsyfjRkD"> !function(i){var e,t=window.A17||{},n=i.documentElement,s=window,r=i.getElementsByTagName("head")[0];t.browserSpec=(i.querySelectorAll,"addEventListener"in s&&s.history.pushState&&i.implementation.hasFeature("http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG11/feature#BasicStructure","1.1")?"html5":"html4"),t.touch=!!("ontouchstart"in s||s.documentTouch&&i instanceof DocumentTouch),t.objectFit="objectFit"in n.style,t.isIE=function(){var e=window.navigator.userAgent,t=e.indexOf("MSIE ");if(0<t)return parseInt(e.substring(t+5,e.indexOf(".",t)),10);if(0<e.indexOf("Trident/")){var n=e.indexOf("rv:");return parseInt(e.substring(n+3,e.indexOf(".",n)),10)}var i=e.indexOf("Edge/");if(0<i)return parseInt(e.substring(i+5,e.indexOf(".",i)),10);return!1}(),window.A17=t,n.className=n.className.replace(/\bno-js\b/," js "+t.browserSpec+(t.touch?" touch":" no-touch")+(t.objectFit?" objectFit":" no-objectFit")+(t.isIE?" ie":" no-ie")),"html4"===t.browserSpec&&((e=i.createElement("link")).rel="stylesheet",e.title="html4css",e.href="/dist/styles/html4css.css",r.appendChild(e),function e(){!i.readyState&&i.addEventListener&&(i.body?setTimeout(function(){i.readyState="complete"},500):setTimeout(e,9))}(),function e(){if(/in/.test(i.readyState))setTimeout(e,9);else for(var t=0;t<i.styleSheets.length;t++){var n=i.styleSheets[t];"html4css"!==n.title&&(n.disabled=!0)}}())}(document); </script>  <script nonce="vXaz0wrZv5liiTjK1BV2rprdVsyfjRkD">(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-MB26Q23');</script>  <script src="https://challenges.cloudflare.com/turnstile/v0/api.js?onload=_turnstileCb" async defer></script> </head> <body>  <noscript> <iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-MB26Q23" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe> </noscript>  <div class="svg-sprite"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="position:absolute;visibility:hidden"><symbol fill="none" id="icon--add" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M11.25 11.25V7h1.5v4.25H17v1.5h-4.25V17h-1.5v-4.25H7v-1.5h4.25Z" fill="currentColor"/><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M12 3.75a8.25 8.25 0 1 0 0 16.5 8.25 8.25 0 0 0 0-16.5ZM2.25 12c0-5.385 4.365-9.75 9.75-9.75s9.75 4.365 9.75 9.75-4.365 9.75-9.75 9.75S2.25 17.385 2.25 12Z" fill="currentColor"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--alert" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path d="M8.156 1.179a2.123 2.123 0 0 1 3.688 0l7.868 13.713c.82 1.429-.205 3.215-1.845 3.215H2.133c-1.64 0-2.664-1.786-1.844-3.215L8.156 1.179Z" fill="#FED324"/><path fill="#000" d="M8.804 4.983h2.391v5.655H8.804z"/><circle cx="10" cy="13.558" r="1.599" fill="#000"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--apple" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M19.607 17.333a4.214 4.214 0 0 1-1.28 1.68c-.367.28-.807.554-1.407.734-.64.193-1.433.253-2.42.253h-9c-.987 0-1.773-.067-2.42-.253-.6-.18-1.04-.447-1.407-.734a4.23 4.23 0 0 1-1.28-1.68C.007 16.34 0 15.213 0 14.5v-9c0-.713.007-1.84.393-2.833a4.214 4.214 0 0 1 1.28-1.68A4.28 4.28 0 0 1 3.08.253C3.727.067 4.513 0 5.5 0h9c.987 0 1.773.067 2.42.253.6.18 1.04.447 1.407.734a4.232 4.232 0 0 1 1.28 1.68C20 3.66 20 4.793 20 5.5v9c0 .713-.007 1.84-.393 2.833Z" fill="url(#a)"/><path d="M11.713 12.073a.89.89 0 0 0-.266-.574c-.3-.313-.827-.52-1.447-.52-.62 0-1.147.2-1.447.52a.941.941 0 0 0-.266.574c-.054.466-.02.867.033 1.513.053.614.153 1.434.28 2.26.093.593.167.913.233 1.14.114.373.52.694 1.167.694s1.06-.327 1.167-.694c.066-.227.14-.547.233-1.14.127-.833.227-1.646.28-2.26.06-.646.087-1.046.033-1.513Zm-.073-3.4a1.639 1.639 0 1 1-3.28 0 1.639 1.639 0 1 1 3.28 0Z" fill="#fff"/><path d="M9.98 2.213c-3.827.013-6.96 3.12-7.014 6.947-.04 3.1 1.94 5.753 4.707 6.726.067.027.133-.033.127-.1-.034-.24-.074-.48-.1-.72a.264.264 0 0 0-.14-.193 6.137 6.137 0 0 1-3.687-5.687c.033-3.333 2.753-6.046 6.08-6.073a6.141 6.141 0 0 1 6.187 6.133c0 2.514-1.52 4.674-3.687 5.627a.226.226 0 0 0-.14.193l-.1.72c-.013.074.06.127.127.1a7.04 7.04 0 0 0 4.706-6.64c-.013-3.88-3.18-7.04-7.066-7.033Z" fill="#fff"/><path d="M9.82 4.546c-2.493.093-4.493 2.153-4.527 4.646a4.71 4.71 0 0 0 2.06 3.954c.06.04.147-.007.147-.08-.02-.287-.02-.54-.007-.807a.271.271 0 0 0-.093-.226 3.812 3.812 0 0 1-1.207-2.88 3.82 3.82 0 0 1 3.66-3.707 3.812 3.812 0 0 1 3.96 3.806 3.82 3.82 0 0 1-1.206 2.78.317.317 0 0 0-.094.227c.014.26.007.514-.006.8-.007.074.08.127.146.08a4.718 4.718 0 0 0 2.06-3.893c.007-2.654-2.213-4.807-4.893-4.7Z" fill="#fff"/><defs><linearGradient id="a" x1="10" y1="0" x2="10" y2="20" gradientUnits="userSpaceOnUse"><stop stop-color="#F452FF"/><stop offset="1" stop-color="#832BC1"/></linearGradient></defs></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--arrow-circle-32" viewBox="0 0 34 34"><path d="M17 33.8C7.8 33.8.2 26.2.2 17 .2 7.8 7.8.2 17 .2 26.2.2 33.8 7.7 33.8 17c0 9.2-7.6 16.8-16.8 16.8zm0-32C8.6 1.8 1.8 8.6 1.8 17c0 8.4 6.8 15.2 15.2 15.2 8.4 0 15.2-6.8 15.2-15.2 0-8.4-6.8-15.2-15.2-15.2z" fill="currentColor"/><path d="M9 17.445h15.556m0 0-4.89-4.89m4.89 4.89-4.89 4.888" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--arrow-circle-36" viewBox="0 0 36 36"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M18 34.5c9.113 0 16.5-7.387 16.5-16.5S27.113 1.5 18 1.5 1.5 8.887 1.5 18 8.887 34.5 18 34.5Zm0 1.5c9.941 0 18-8.059 18-18S27.941 0 18 0 0 8.059 0 18s8.059 18 18 18Z" fill="currentColor"/><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M21.53 11.97 27.56 18l-6.03 6.03-1.06-1.06 4.22-4.22H9v-1.5h15.69l-4.22-4.22 1.06-1.06Z" fill="currentColor"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--arrow-circle-inverse-32" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M16 32c8.837 0 16-7.163 16-16S24.837 0 16 0 0 7.163 0 16s7.163 16 16 16Zm3.197-21.42-1.06 1.061 3.608 3.609H8v1.5h13.745l-3.609 3.608 1.061 1.061L24.617 16l-5.42-5.42Z" fill="currentColor"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--arrow-circle-inverse-36" viewBox="0 0 36 36"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M18 36c9.941 0 18-8.059 18-18S27.941 0 18 0 0 8.059 0 18s8.059 18 18 18Zm3.53-24.03-1.06 1.06 4.22 4.22H9v1.5h15.69l-4.22 4.22 1.06 1.06L27.56 18l-6.03-6.03Z" fill="currentColor"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--arrow-down-24" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><circle opacity=".2" cx="12" cy="12" r="9" fill="#fff"/><path d="M12 4v16m0 0 7-6.4M12 20l-7-6.4" stroke="#000" stroke-width="1.5"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--arrow-down" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path d="M10 4v10m0 0 4-4m-4 4-4-4" stroke="currentColor"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--arrow-left-24" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21 12H3.5m0 0L9 17.5M3.5 12 9 6.5" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--arrow-left" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path d="M15 10H5m0 0 4 4m-4-4 4-4" stroke="currentColor"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--arrow-north-east" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path d="m6.464 13.536 7.072-7.071m0 0H7.879m5.657 0v5.656" stroke="currentColor"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--arrow-right-24" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M3 12h17.5m0 0L15 6.5m5.5 5.5L15 17.5" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--arrow-right" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path d="M5 10h10m0 0-4-4m4 4-4 4" stroke="currentColor"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--arrow-up" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path d="M10 15V5m0 0L6 9m4-4 4 4" stroke="currentColor"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--back-to-top" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M20 4.75H0v-1.5h20v1.5ZM10 8.546l-8.727 8.727-1.06-1.061L9.47 6.955h1.06l9.258 9.257-1.06 1.06L10 8.547Z" fill="currentColor"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--bag" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M4.157 9.75h15.686l-1.176 10H5.333l-1.176-10Zm1.686 1.5.824 7h10.666l.824-7H5.843ZM12 4.75A3.25 3.25 0 0 0 8.75 8h-1.5a4.75 4.75 0 0 1 9.5 0h-1.5A3.25 3.25 0 0 0 12 4.75Z" fill="currentColor"/></symbol><symbol id="icon--bluesky" viewBox="0 0 600 530"><path d="M135.72 44.03C202.216 93.951 273.74 195.17 300 249.49c26.262-54.316 97.782-155.54 164.28-205.46C512.26 8.009 590-19.862 590 68.825c0 17.712-10.155 148.79-16.111 170.07-20.703 73.984-96.144 92.854-163.25 81.433 117.3 19.964 147.14 86.092 82.697 152.22-122.39 125.59-175.91-31.511-189.63-71.766-2.514-7.38-3.69-10.832-3.708-7.896-.017-2.936-1.193.516-3.707 7.896-13.714 40.255-67.233 197.36-189.63 71.766-64.444-66.128-34.605-132.26 82.697-152.22-67.108 11.421-142.55-7.45-163.25-81.433C20.15 217.613 9.997 86.535 9.997 68.825c0-88.687 77.742-60.816 125.72-24.795z" fill="currentColor"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--buy" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path d="M4 12V6h8v6H4Zm2-6V5c0-1.243.895-2 2-2s2 .757 2 2v1" stroke="#04F" stroke-width="1.5"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" stroke="currentColor" id="icon--calendar--small" viewBox="0 0 13 14"><path d="M12.25 12.75v-9.5H.75v9.5h11.5ZM9 6V0M4 6V0" stroke-width="1.5"/></symbol><symbol fill="transparent" id="icon--calendar" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M22.25 7.25h-11.5v9.5h11.5v-9.5ZM19 10V4m-5 6V4M4 15.5v-8m-4 4h8" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" fill="none"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--card-product-data-xl" viewBox="0 0 400 400"><path d="M60 183.775h93.151V400H60V183.775ZM183.425 28h93.15v372h-93.15V28Zm123.424 81.375H400V400h-93.151V109.375Z" opacity=".05" fill="#000"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--card-product-data" viewBox="0 0 150 150"><path d="M13 62.813h37.534V150H13V62.812ZM62.733 0h37.534v150H62.733V0Zm49.733 32.813H150V150h-37.534V32.812Z" opacity=".05" fill="#000"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--cart" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M2.29 9.483h19.42L20.267 21.75H3.733L2.29 9.483Zm1.687 1.5 1.09 9.267h13.866l1.09-9.267H3.977ZM12 3.75a4.317 4.317 0 0 0-4.317 4.317h-1.5a5.817 5.817 0 1 1 11.634 0h-1.5A4.317 4.317 0 0 0 12 3.75Z" fill="currentColor"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--chart-area" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path d="M10 5 5.766 9.8H1.324V15h17.352V5.761h-2.603l-2.66 3.166L10 5Z" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="square"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--chart-line" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path d="M1.467 13.097h4.369l3.463-6.194 3.657 5.068 3.017-4.086h2.56" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linecap="square"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--chart-percentage" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path d="M4.429 15.498 14.844 5.083" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5"/><circle cx="13.343" cy="13.979" r="2.024" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5"/><circle cx="5.828" cy="6.421" r="2.024" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--check" viewBox="0 0 10 8"><path d="m1 4 2.5 2.5L9 1" stroke="#fff" stroke-width="1.5"/></symbol><symbol id="icon--chevron-down" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path fill="currentColor" d="M10 14.1 4.5 8.6l1.1-1.1 4.4 4.4 4.4-4.4 1.1 1.1z"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--chevron-left-20" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="m9.06 11.5 6.97-6.97-1.06-1.06-8.03 8.03 8.03 8.03 1.06-1.06-6.97-6.97Z" fill="currentColor"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--chevron-left" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="m9.06 11.5 6.97-6.97-1.06-1.06-8.03 8.03 8.03 8.03 1.06-1.06-6.97-6.97Z" fill="currentColor"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--chevron-right" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="m14.94 11.5-6.97 6.97 1.06 1.06 8.03-8.03-8.03-8.03-1.06 1.06 6.97 6.97Z" fill="currentColor"/></symbol><symbol id="icon--chevron-up" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path fill="currentColor" d="m5.6 12.6-1.1-1.1L10 6l5.5 5.5-1.1 1.1L10 8.2z"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--circle-arrow-left" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M10 2a8 8 0 1 0 0 16 8 8 0 0 0 0-16ZM7.36 9.47l-.53.53.53.53 3.536 3.536 1.06-1.06L8.951 10l3.005-3.005-1.06-1.06L7.36 9.47Z" fill="currentColor"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--circle-arrow" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M10 18a8 8 0 1 0 0-16 8 8 0 0 0 0 16Zm2.64-7.47.53-.53-.53-.53-3.536-3.536-1.06 1.06L11.049 10l-3.005 3.005 1.06 1.06 3.536-3.535Z" fill="currentColor"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--circle-cross" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M10 20c5.523 0 10-4.477 10-10S15.523 0 10 0 0 4.477 0 10s4.477 10 10 10ZM5.293 6.707 8.586 10l-3.293 3.293 1.414 1.414L10 11.414l3.293 3.293 1.414-1.414L11.414 10l3.293-3.293-1.414-1.414L10 8.586 6.707 5.293 5.293 6.707Z" fill="currentColor"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--circle-left" viewBox="0 0 36 36"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M18 34.5c9.113 0 16.5-7.387 16.5-16.5S27.113 1.5 18 1.5 1.5 8.887 1.5 18 8.887 34.5 18 34.5Zm0 1.5c9.941 0 18-8.059 18-18S27.941 0 18 0 0 8.059 0 18s8.059 18 18 18Z" fill="#000"/><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M21.53 11.97 27.56 18l-6.03 6.03-1.06-1.06 4.22-4.22H9v-1.5h15.69l-4.22-4.22 1.06-1.06Z" fill="#000"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--clock-fill" viewBox="0 0 12 12"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" fill="currentColor" d="M6 12A6 6 0 1 0 6 0a6 6 0 0 0 0 12Zm.191-9H5v4h4V5.809H6.191V3Z"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--clock" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M12 2.75a9.25 9.25 0 1 0 0 18.5 9.25 9.25 0 0 0 0-18.5ZM1.25 12C1.25 6.063 6.063 1.25 12 1.25S22.75 6.063 22.75 12 17.937 22.75 12 22.75 1.25 17.937 1.25 12Z" fill="currentColor"/><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M12.75 11.25V5.5h-1.5v7.25H19v-1.5h-6.25Z" fill="currentColor"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--close-btn" viewBox="0 0 17 17"><path d="m1 1 7.5 7.5M16 16 8.5 8.5m0 0L16 1M8.5 8.5 1 16" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--close" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m5 5 7.5 7.5M20 20l-7.5-7.5m0 0L20 5m-7.5 7.5L5 20" stroke="#000" stroke-width="1.5"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--contents" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path d="M4 4h15v2H4V4Zm0 5h15v2H4V9Zm0 5h15v2H4v-2ZM0 4h2v2H0V4Zm0 5h2v2H0V9Zm0 5h2v2H0v-2Z" fill="currentColor"/></symbol><symbol id="icon--copy" viewBox="0 0 18 18"><path d="M13.5 13.5H0V0h13.5v13.5ZM1.5 12H12V1.5H1.5V12Z"/><path d="M18 18H4.5v-3.25H6v1.75h10.5V6h-1.75V4.5H18V18z"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--country-accession" viewBox="0 0 14 14"><path fill="#04f" d="M6.208.483a1.021 1.021 0 0 0-.68.507c-.077.147-.082.173-.082.404 0 .233.005.26.084.405.104.199.325.394.53.47.125.045.196.054.44.054s.315-.01.44-.054c.205-.076.426-.271.53-.47.078-.146.084-.172.084-.405 0-.22-.008-.264-.069-.382-.216-.427-.752-.65-1.277-.529zM2.382 1.948a1.139 1.139 0 0 0-.508.3c-.333.32-.404.726-.198 1.118.094.18.256.32.477.417.155.069.193.076.411.076.333-.002.478-.057.727-.276.134-.118.21-.212.269-.323.078-.144.083-.17.083-.404 0-.22-.007-.262-.068-.384a1.21 1.21 0 0 0-.145-.22c-.238-.27-.68-.398-1.048-.304zm7.693 0a.995.995 0 0 0-.64.507c-.074.142-.079.172-.079.401 0 .234.005.26.084.404.058.11.135.205.27.323.248.22.393.274.728.276.228 0 .251-.005.434-.09.581-.266.749-.92.36-1.408-.279-.354-.743-.52-1.157-.413zM.856 5.524a1.03 1.03 0 0 0-.775.536c-.056.113-.068.174-.076.4-.008.206 0 .293.033.388a.99.99 0 0 0 .604.592c.19.07.536.068.737-.005a1.07 1.07 0 0 0 .53-.47c.082-.153.084-.164.084-.464 0-.293-.002-.314-.074-.448a1.105 1.105 0 0 0-.48-.448 1.224 1.224 0 0 0-.583-.08zm10.999 0a.994.994 0 0 0-.704.418c-.122.177-.165.351-.152.627.008.215.018.26.091.397.104.2.328.394.531.47.2.072.546.075.736.004a.968.968 0 0 0 .594-.571c.044-.11.051-.172.044-.403-.008-.236-.018-.29-.077-.406-.187-.375-.601-.583-1.063-.536zM2.379 9.155c-.29.047-.589.257-.71.5a.89.89 0 0 0-.008.837c.086.173.36.425.56.517.14.064.176.068.432.068.257 0 .292-.004.432-.068.195-.09.388-.269.485-.45.068-.13.073-.163.073-.402 0-.233-.007-.27-.068-.389-.234-.439-.726-.691-1.196-.613zm7.858 0c-.312.061-.66.32-.807.601-.069.13-.074.163-.074.401 0 .239.005.272.074.401.096.182.29.361.485.451.14.064.175.068.431.068.257 0 .292-.004.432-.068.2-.092.475-.344.559-.517.307-.622-.107-1.288-.838-1.347a1.315 1.315 0 0 0-.262.01zm-3.956 1.533c-.517.073-.873.493-.842.991.02.342.23.627.573.783.165.076.178.078.488.078.302 0 .325-.002.482-.073.559-.245.757-.892.417-1.37a1.055 1.055 0 0 0-.473-.357 1.67 1.67 0 0 0-.645-.052z"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--country-association" viewBox="0 0 14 14"><path d="M7 11.2a4.234 4.234 0 1 0 0-8.468A4.234 4.234 0 0 0 7 11.2Z" fill="transparent" stroke="#04F" stroke-width="1.694"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--country-iea-member" viewBox="0 0 14 14"><path d="M7.012 12.093a5.08 5.08 0 1 0 0-10.162 5.08 5.08 0 0 0 0 10.162Z" fill="#04F"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--csv" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" d="M2.75 2.75h14.5v14.5H2.75zm5 .25v14M18 7.583H2m16 4.834H2"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--data-explorer" viewBox="0 0 99 99"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M24.75 80.85V60.781a26.312 26.312 0 0 1-4.147-2.125L6.217 73.042.384 67.208l13.995-13.995A26.293 26.293 0 0 1 8.25 36.3c0-14.58 11.82-26.4 26.4-26.4 4.141 0 8.06.954 11.55 2.654V0h29.7v36.3h21.45v44.55h-72.6Zm29.7-62.012V8.25h13.2V72.6h-13.2V53.762a26.3 26.3 0 0 0 6.6-17.462 26.3 26.3 0 0 0-6.6-17.462ZM46.2 60.046V72.6H33v-9.95c.546.033 1.096.05 1.65.05 4.142 0 8.062-.954 11.55-2.654ZM89.1 44.55H75.9V72.6h13.2V44.55ZM16.5 36.3c0 10.024 8.127 18.15 18.15 18.15 10.025 0 18.15-8.126 18.15-18.15s-8.125-18.15-18.15-18.15c-10.023 0-18.15 8.126-18.15 18.15Z" fill="#E6ECFF"/><path d="M97.35 94.05V85.8h-72.6v8.25h72.6Z" fill="#E6ECFF"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--data-set" viewBox="0 0 100 100"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M50 0 0 33.333l50 33.334 50-33.334L50 0Zm0 10.015L15.023 33.333 50 56.651l34.977-23.318L50 10.015Z" fill="#E6ECFF"/><path d="M7.5 45 0 50l50 33.333L100 50l-7.5-5L50 73.333 7.5 45Z" fill="#E6ECFF"/><path d="m0 66.667 7.5-5L50 90l42.5-28.333 7.5 5L50 100 0 66.667Z" fill="#E6ECFF"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--deny" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M10 18a8 8 0 1 0 0-16 8 8 0 0 0 0 16Zm3.98-10.92-2.873 2.874c.237.227.52.51.818.814.712.725 1.534 1.592 2.073 2.17l-1.096 1.024c-.535-.572-1.347-1.43-2.047-2.143a39.46 39.46 0 0 0-.809-.805L7.08 13.98l-1.06-1.06L8.94 10 6.02 7.08l1.06-1.06L10 8.94l2.92-2.92 1.06 1.06Z" fill="currentColor"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--download-circle" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M12 3.75a8.25 8.25 0 1 0 0 16.5 8.25 8.25 0 0 0 0-16.5ZM2.25 12c0-5.385 4.365-9.75 9.75-9.75s9.75 4.365 9.75 9.75-4.365 9.75-9.75 9.75S2.25 17.385 2.25 12Z" fill="currentColor"/><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M11.25 15.19V7h1.5v8.19l2.72-2.72 1.06 1.06L12 18.06l-4.53-4.53 1.06-1.06 2.72 2.72Z" fill="currentColor"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--download" viewBox="0 0 14 19"><path d="M7 0v14.5m0 0L12.5 9M7 14.5 1.5 9" stroke="#000" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linejoin="bevel"/><path d="M14 18H0" stroke="#000" stroke-width="1.5"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--email" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><rect x="1" y="4" width="18" height="12" rx="1" fill="#000"/><path d="m1 4 8.386 6.523a1 1 0 0 0 1.228 0L19 4" stroke="#fff" stroke-width="1.75"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--error" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M18 10a8 8 0 1 1-16 0 8 8 0 0 1 16 0ZM9.12 5.176h1.76v6.293H9.12V5.176Zm.88 9.66a1.127 1.127 0 1 0 0-2.254 1.127 1.127 0 0 0 0 2.254Z" fill="currentColor"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--expand" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path d="M6 14V9.556M6 14h4.444M6 14l8-8m0 0H9.556M14 6v4.444" stroke="currentColor"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--external-circle" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M12 3.75a8.25 8.25 0 1 0 0 16.5 8.25 8.25 0 0 0 0-16.5ZM2.25 12c0-5.385 4.365-9.75 9.75-9.75s9.75 4.365 9.75 9.75-4.365 9.75-9.75 9.75S2.25 17.385 2.25 12Z" fill="currentColor"/><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M9.879 7.714h6.406v6.407h-1.5v-3.846l-5.79 5.79-1.06-1.06 5.79-5.79H9.879v-1.5Z" fill="currentColor"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--facebook" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M10.948 18v-7.907h2.201l.292-2.725h-2.493l.004-1.364c0-.71.068-1.091 1.097-1.091h1.377V2.187h-2.202c-2.645 0-3.576 1.322-3.576 3.545v1.636H6v2.725h1.648V18h3.3Z" fill="currentColor"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--filter" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M0 7.5h12V6H0v1.5Zm9 4H0V10h9v1.5Zm2 4H0V14h11v1.5Z" fill="currentColor"/><circle r="4.5" transform="matrix(-1 0 0 1 18.5 11.25)" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5"/><path d="m16 14.75-4 5" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--global" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M12 2.75a9.25 9.25 0 1 0 0 18.5 9.25 9.25 0 0 0 0-18.5ZM1.25 12C1.25 6.063 6.063 1.25 12 1.25S22.75 6.063 22.75 12 17.937 22.75 12 22.75 1.25 17.937 1.25 12Z" fill="currentColor"/><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M11.59 2.493 12.155 2l.566-.493v.001l.003.003.006.007.023.027.079.095c.067.082.162.201.279.355.233.307.552.753.907 1.317.706 1.126 1.559 2.736 2.129 4.663 1.149 3.883 1.14 9.048-3.44 14.032l-1.104-1.014c4.148-4.516 4.139-9.1 3.106-12.593-.521-1.76-1.305-3.244-1.962-4.29a16.746 16.746 0 0 0-.831-1.208 10.917 10.917 0 0 0-.309-.389l-.014-.017-.003-.003Zm0 0Z" fill="currentColor"/><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M12.41 2.493 11.845 2a61.677 61.677 0 0 0-.566-.493v.001l-.003.003-.006.007-.023.027a12.572 12.572 0 0 0-.358.45c-.233.307-.552.753-.907 1.317-.706 1.126-1.559 2.736-2.129 4.663-1.149 3.883-1.14 9.048 3.44 14.032l1.104-1.014C8.25 16.477 8.258 11.893 9.291 8.4c.521-1.76 1.305-3.244 1.962-4.29.327-.522.621-.932.831-1.208a10.917 10.917 0 0 1 .309-.389l.014-.017.003-.003Zm0 0Z" fill="currentColor"/><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M21.75 15.75H2.25v-1.5h19.5v1.5ZM21 9.25H3v-1.5h18v1.5Z" fill="currentColor"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--google" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M1.392 7.939c.768 0 1.391.623 1.391 1.391v1.34a1.392 1.392 0 1 1-2.783 0V9.33c0-.768.623-1.39 1.392-1.39Z" fill="#0066D9"/><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M18.608 7.939c.769 0 1.392.623 1.392 1.391v1.34a1.392 1.392 0 0 1-2.783 0V9.33c0-.768.623-1.391 1.391-1.391Z" fill="#4285F4"/><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M5.696 3.92c.768 0 1.391.623 1.391 1.391v4.382a1.392 1.392 0 0 1-2.783 0V5.311c0-.768.623-1.391 1.392-1.391Zm0 8.038c.768 0 1.391.623 1.391 1.392v1.34a1.392 1.392 0 1 1-2.783 0v-1.34c0-.769.623-1.392 1.392-1.392Z" fill="#EA4335"/><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M14.304 3.92a1.39 1.39 0 0 1 1.392 1.39v1.34a1.392 1.392 0 0 1-2.784 0V5.31c0-.768.623-1.39 1.392-1.39Zm0 4.995c.769 0 1.392.623 1.392 1.392v4.382a1.392 1.392 0 0 1-2.784 0v-4.382c0-.769.623-1.392 1.392-1.392Z" fill="#34A853"/><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M10 0c.769 0 1.392.623 1.392 1.392v1.34a1.392 1.392 0 1 1-2.784 0v-1.34C8.608.623 9.231 0 10 0Zm0 5.036c.769 0 1.392.623 1.392 1.392v7.145a1.392 1.392 0 1 1-2.784 0V6.428c0-.769.623-1.392 1.392-1.392Zm0 10.84c.769 0 1.392.624 1.392 1.393v1.34a1.392 1.392 0 1 1-2.784 0v-1.34c0-.769.623-1.392 1.392-1.392Z" fill="#FAB908"/></symbol><symbol fill="transparent" id="icon--ham" viewBox="0 0 20 17"><path fill="currentColor" d="M0 14.5h20V16H0zm0-7h20V9H0zm0-7h20V2H0z"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--help-inverse" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path d="M18 10a8 8 0 1 1-16 0 8 8 0 0 1 16 0Z" fill="currentColor"/><path d="M9.292 11.89h.888v-.516c0-.732.516-1.236 1.056-1.752.576-.552 1.176-1.116 1.176-2.004 0-1.008-.648-1.992-2.28-1.992-1.464 0-2.46.984-2.544 2.388h.936c.084-.948.696-1.56 1.596-1.56.888 0 1.284.492 1.284 1.2 0 .576-.408 1.008-.876 1.476-.6.588-1.236 1.188-1.236 2.16v.6Zm.42 2.484c.42 0 .768-.336.768-.768a.766.766 0 0 0-.768-.768.766.766 0 0 0-.768.768c0 .432.348.768.768.768Z" fill="#fff"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--help" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M18 10a8 8 0 1 1-16 0 8 8 0 0 1 16 0Zm-8 7a7 7 0 1 0 0-14 7 7 0 0 0 0 14Z" fill="currentColor"/><path d="M9.292 11.89h.888v-.516c0-.732.516-1.236 1.056-1.752.576-.552 1.176-1.116 1.176-2.004 0-1.008-.648-1.992-2.28-1.992-1.464 0-2.46.984-2.544 2.388h.936c.084-.948.696-1.56 1.596-1.56.888 0 1.284.492 1.284 1.2 0 .576-.408 1.008-.876 1.476-.6.588-1.236 1.188-1.236 2.16v.6Zm.42 2.484c.42 0 .768-.336.768-.768a.766.766 0 0 0-.768-.768.766.766 0 0 0-.768.768c0 .432.348.768.768.768Z" fill="currentColor"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--img" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" d="M2.75 2.75h14.5v14.5H2.75z"/><path d="M2.734 14.266 6 11l2 2 4-4 5.266 5.266" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5"/><circle cx="7.5" cy="7.5" r="1.5"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--instagram" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path d="M10 1.76c2.238 0 2.518.01 3.397.05.877.04 1.476.18 2 .383.542.21 1.001.493 1.46.95.457.459.74.918.95 1.46.203.524.343 1.123.383 2 .04.879.05 1.16.05 3.397 0 2.238-.01 2.518-.05 3.397-.04.877-.18 1.476-.383 2a4.039 4.039 0 0 1-.95 1.46c-.459.457-.918.74-1.46.95-.524.203-1.123.343-2 .383-.879.04-1.16.05-3.397.05-2.238 0-2.518-.01-3.397-.05-.877-.04-1.476-.18-2-.383a4.037 4.037 0 0 1-1.46-.95 4.038 4.038 0 0 1-.95-1.46c-.203-.524-.343-1.123-.383-2-.04-.879-.05-1.16-.05-3.397 0-2.238.01-2.518.05-3.397.04-.877.18-1.476.383-2 .21-.542.493-1.001.95-1.46.459-.457.918-.74 1.46-.95.524-.203 1.123-.343 2-.383.879-.04 1.16-.05 3.397-.05Zm0 1.485c-2.2 0-2.46.009-3.33.048-.803.037-1.239.171-1.53.284-.384.15-.658.328-.947.616a2.552 2.552 0 0 0-.616.948c-.113.29-.247.726-.284 1.53-.04.868-.048 1.129-.048 3.329s.009 2.46.048 3.33c.037.803.171 1.239.284 1.53.15.384.328.658.616.947.289.288.563.466.948.616.29.113.726.247 1.53.284.868.04 1.129.048 3.329.048s2.46-.009 3.33-.048c.803-.037 1.239-.171 1.53-.284.384-.15.658-.328.947-.616.288-.289.466-.563.616-.948.113-.29.247-.726.284-1.53.04-.869.048-1.13.048-3.329 0-2.2-.009-2.46-.048-3.33-.037-.803-.171-1.239-.284-1.53a2.553 2.553 0 0 0-.616-.947 2.552 2.552 0 0 0-.948-.616c-.29-.113-.726-.247-1.53-.284-.869-.04-1.13-.048-3.329-.048Zm.003 9.427a2.675 2.675 0 1 0 0-5.35 2.675 2.675 0 0 0 0 5.35Zm0-6.795a4.12 4.12 0 1 1 0 8.241 4.12 4.12 0 0 1 0-8.241Zm5.15 0a1.03 1.03 0 1 1-2.06 0 1.03 1.03 0 0 1 2.06 0Z" fill="currentColor"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--language" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M9.344 6.52V4h-1.68v2.52h-5.88V8.2h2.57c.235 1.916 1.294 3.714 2.79 5.142-1.547.975-3.412 1.58-5.36 1.58v1.68c2.503 0 4.838-.84 6.72-2.15a11.993 11.993 0 0 0 3.898 1.797l.588-1.58a10.63 10.63 0 0 1-3.142-1.31c1.496-1.428 2.537-3.243 2.79-5.142h2.57v-1.68h-5.88l.016-.017Zm4.604 7.998.151-.403L16 9.041h1.797l4.402 11.761H20.4l-1.58-4.2h-3.88l-1.58 4.2h-1.798l1.647-4.368.605-1.613.117-.303h.017Zm-5.444-2.2c1.328-1.21 2.201-2.672 2.453-4.117h-4.89c.253 1.445 1.11 2.906 2.454 4.116h-.017Zm9.712 2.604-1.31-3.495-1.311 3.495h2.621Z" fill="currentColor"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--linkedin" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M5.632 6.879h-3.43v10.12h3.43V6.88Zm.226-3.131C5.836 2.756 5.113 2 3.94 2S2 2.756 2 3.748c0 .972.744 1.75 1.896 1.75h.022c1.195 0 1.94-.778 1.94-1.75ZM18 11.197c0-3.109-1.692-4.556-3.949-4.556-1.82 0-2.636.983-3.09 1.672V6.879H7.53c.045.95 0 10.121 0 10.121h3.43v-5.652c0-.303.021-.605.112-.821.248-.604.812-1.23 1.76-1.23 1.241 0 1.738.928 1.738 2.288V17H18v-5.803Z" fill="currentColor"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--lock" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path fill="#949494" d="M4.33 8.502h11.341v9.451H4.33z"/><path d="M10 3.127c-1.598 0-2.893 1.21-2.893 2.7v2.7H5.95v-2.7c0-2.087 1.813-3.78 4.05-3.78s4.05 1.693 4.05 3.78v2.7h-1.157v-2.7c0-1.49-1.295-2.7-2.893-2.7Z" fill="#949494"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--login" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M3 12h14.5m0 0L12 6.5m5.5 5.5L12 17.5" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5" stroke-linejoin="bevel"/><path d="M21 5v14" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5"/></symbol><symbol id="icon--logo-50" viewBox="0 0 551 174"><path d="M26.3 35.33H-.11v101.63H26.3V35.33Zm197.89.06v9.93c-7.15-7.54-18.24-11.45-28.98-11.45-28.51 0-51.61 23.4-51.61 52.26s23.11 52.26 51.61 52.26c10.74 0 21.37-3.61 28.98-11.53v10.01h26.24V35.39h-26.24Zm-27.66 79.79c-16.73 0-29.18-12.61-29.18-29.12s12.39-29.2 29.13-29.2 29.13 12.75 29.13 29.26-12.34 29.06-29.07 29.06Zm-86.43-12.06c-5.16 7.9-13.8 13.09-23.59 13.09-13.02 0-24-9.16-27.48-21.7h77.25c.45-2.76.69-5.59.69-8.48 0-28.85-21.52-52.23-50.46-52.23-17.42 0-32.86 8.49-42.38 21.54l18.78 13.61c5.16-7.91 13.8-13.1 23.59-13.1 11.15 0 20.81 6.73 25.54 16.54H35.93a52.017 52.017 0 0 0-1.81 13.64c0 28.85 23.45 52.23 52.39 52.23 17.42 0 32.85-8.48 42.37-21.53l-18.78-13.61Z" style="fill:#0044f3;stroke-width:0"/><path d="M480.9-.23c-37.99 0-68.78 38.62-68.78 86.25s30.8 86.25 68.78 86.25 68.78-38.62 68.78-86.25S518.89-.23 480.9-.23Zm0 138.38c-18.67 0-33.81-23.34-33.81-52.13s15.14-52.13 33.81-52.13 33.81 23.34 33.81 52.13-15.14 52.13-33.81 52.13ZM345.74 54.53h-16v-24h49.78L403.84-.08H297.83v85.52h48.47c14.71 0 26.63 11.92 26.63 26.63s-11.92 26.63-26.63 26.63c-5.79 0-11.14-1.85-15.5-4.98-5.19-3.27-10.97-8.72-16.04-17.81l-20.65 26.52c10.32 17.11 30.21 29.96 51.64 29.96 32.55 0 58.94-26.39 58.94-58.94s-26.39-58.94-58.94-58.94Z" style="fill:#ffc600;stroke-width:0"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--logo-rotate" viewBox="0 0 40 135"><path d="M.778 132.654h13.868V135H.778v-2.346Zm3.737-4.484H5.86c-.446-.233-.818-.619-1.126-1.149-.308-.538-.462-1.181-.462-1.944 0-1.19.364-2.106 1.094-2.757.73-.65 1.702-.98 2.91-.98h6.37v2.306h-6.07c-.714 0-1.281.161-1.686.49-.414.33-.616.828-.616 1.503 0 .739.218 1.318.664 1.736.446.417 1.054.626 1.84.626h5.877v2.306H4.514v-2.137Zm1.855-12.053h8.284v2.306H6.371v1.527H4.515v-1.527H1.71v-2.306h2.805v-1.687H6.37v1.687Zm0-47.624h8.284v2.306H6.371v1.526H4.515V70.8H1.71v-2.306h2.805v-1.688H6.37v1.688ZM4.434 96.43h2.164c-.025.186-.04.354-.04.523 0 1.728.94 2.596 2.812 2.596h5.276v2.306H4.506v-2.13h1.41c-1.004-.57-1.507-1.559-1.507-2.965l.025-.33Zm.081-3.623H5.86c-.446-.233-.818-.619-1.126-1.149-.308-.538-.462-1.181-.462-1.945 0-1.189.364-2.105 1.094-2.756.73-.65 1.702-.98 2.91-.98h6.37v2.306h-6.07c-.714 0-1.281.16-1.686.49-.414.33-.616.828-.616 1.503 0 .74.218 1.318.664 1.736.446.417 1.054.626 1.84.626h5.877v2.306H4.514v-2.137Zm.015-16.761v-2.13h10.116v2.13h-1.443c1.12.683 1.678 1.816 1.678 3.39 0 1.43-.502 2.564-1.515 3.4-1.005.835-2.27 1.245-3.777 1.245-1.508 0-2.772-.418-3.778-1.246-1.005-.835-1.515-1.968-1.515-3.398 0-1.575.559-2.708 1.678-3.391H4.53Zm2.749 4.957c.616.515 1.394.772 2.318.772.924 0 1.694-.257 2.318-.772.616-.514.924-1.197.924-2.049 0-.867-.308-1.55-.916-2.065-.608-.506-1.386-.763-2.326-.763-.94 0-1.71.257-2.327.763-.607.507-.915 1.198-.915 2.066-.009.851.3 1.534.924 2.049Zm7.367-15.797H4.506V62.9h10.14v2.306ZM1.702 62.619a1.44 1.44 0 0 0-1.443 1.43c0 .787.649 1.43 1.443 1.43a1.44 1.44 0 0 0 1.443-1.43 1.44 1.44 0 0 0-1.443-1.43Zm13.18-6.895c0 1.551-.511 2.805-1.54 3.769-1.03.964-2.278 1.446-3.753 1.446s-2.724-.482-3.761-1.446c-1.038-.965-1.556-2.218-1.556-3.769 0-1.559.518-2.82 1.556-3.784 1.037-.965 2.286-1.447 3.76-1.447 1.476 0 2.724.482 3.754 1.447 1.029.964 1.54 2.225 1.54 3.784Zm-5.293 2.909c.964 0 1.742-.273 2.342-.82.6-.546.9-1.245.9-2.08 0-.852-.3-1.551-.9-2.098-.6-.546-1.378-.82-2.342-.82-.973 0-1.767.274-2.367.82-.6.547-.9 1.246-.9 2.097 0 .836.3 1.535.9 2.081.608.547 1.394.82 2.367.82ZM4.515 46.572H5.86c-.446-.233-.818-.619-1.126-1.15-.308-.538-.462-1.18-.462-1.944 0-1.19.364-2.105 1.094-2.756.73-.65 1.702-.98 2.91-.98h6.37v2.306h-6.07c-.714 0-1.281.16-1.686.49-.414.33-.616.828-.616 1.503 0 .739.218 1.317.664 1.735.446.418 1.054.627 1.84.627h5.877v2.306H4.514v-2.137ZM4.53 29.81v-2.129h10.116v2.13h-1.443c1.12.682 1.678 1.815 1.678 3.39 0 1.43-.502 2.563-1.515 3.4-1.005.835-2.27 1.245-3.777 1.245-1.508 0-2.772-.418-3.778-1.246-1.005-.836-1.515-1.968-1.515-3.399 0-1.575.559-2.708 1.678-3.39H4.53Zm2.749 4.958c.616.514 1.394.772 2.318.772.924 0 1.694-.258 2.318-.772.616-.514.924-1.197.924-2.049 0-.868-.308-1.55-.916-2.065-.608-.506-1.386-.763-2.326-.763-.94 0-1.71.257-2.327.763-.607.506-.915 1.197-.915 2.065-.009.852.3 1.535.924 2.05Zm7.367-11.843v2.306H0v-2.306h14.646ZM33.2 125.663h2.188v9.329H21.52v-9.329h2.188v6.991h3.558v-6.661h2.189v6.661h3.753v-6.991h-.009Zm-7.952-4.379h1.346c-.446-.233-.819-.619-1.127-1.149-.308-.539-.462-1.181-.462-1.945 0-1.189.365-2.105 1.094-2.756.73-.651 1.702-.98 2.91-.98h6.37v2.306h-6.07c-.713 0-1.28.161-1.686.49-.413.329-.616.828-.616 1.503 0 .739.219 1.317.665 1.735.445.418 1.053.627 1.84.627h5.876v2.306h-10.14v-2.137Zm-.081-25.688h2.164c-.024.184-.04.353-.04.522 0 1.727.94 2.595 2.812 2.595h5.277v2.306H25.24V98.89h1.41c-1.005-.57-1.507-1.559-1.507-2.965l.024-.33Zm1.524-8.728h-1.443V84.74h10.043c1.378 0 2.513.426 3.388 1.27.875.843 1.321 2.025 1.321 3.535 0 1.382-.357 2.459-1.078 3.246-.713.78-1.54 1.238-2.464 1.366V91.85c1.03-.28 1.54-1.068 1.54-2.346 0-.771-.219-1.374-.657-1.808-.437-.434-1.02-.65-1.75-.65H33.67c1.045.674 1.564 1.727 1.564 3.173 0 1.39-.494 2.515-1.475 3.359-.98.844-2.197 1.27-3.64 1.27-1.442 0-2.658-.426-3.639-1.27-.98-.844-1.475-1.969-1.475-3.359.008-1.535.567-2.651 1.686-3.35Zm3.445.073c-.9 0-1.637.257-2.205.771-.575.514-.86 1.197-.86 2.033 0 .828.285 1.495.86 2.017.576.514 1.305.771 2.205.771.883 0 1.62-.257 2.196-.771.584-.514.868-1.19.868-2.017 0-.836-.292-1.519-.868-2.033-.583-.506-1.313-.771-2.196-.771Zm9.621-5.793-4.54-1.663-9.969 4.01v-2.46l7.15-2.667-7.15-2.837V73.13l14.533 5.729-.024 2.29Zm-4.369-15.203v2.475L21.52 63.093v-2.5l13.868-5.343v2.556l-2.675.988v6.147l2.675 1.004Zm-10.942-4.082v.033l6.111 2.266v-4.557l-6.111 2.258Zm2.245-15.123h-1.443v-2.129h10.043c1.378 0 2.513.426 3.388 1.27.875.844 1.321 2.025 1.321 3.535 0 1.383-.357 2.46-1.078 3.247-.713.78-1.54 1.237-2.464 1.366v-2.306c1.03-.282 1.54-1.07 1.54-2.347 0-.771-.219-1.374-.657-1.808-.437-.434-1.02-.65-1.75-.65H33.67c1.045.675 1.564 1.727 1.564 3.173 0 1.39-.494 2.515-1.475 3.36-.98.843-2.197 1.269-3.64 1.269-1.442 0-2.658-.426-3.639-1.27-.98-.844-1.475-1.969-1.475-3.359.008-1.542.567-2.66 1.686-3.35Zm3.445.073c-.9 0-1.637.257-2.205.771-.575.515-.86 1.198-.86 2.033 0 .828.285 1.495.86 2.017.576.514 1.305.772 2.205.772.883 0 1.62-.258 2.196-.772.584-.514.868-1.189.868-2.017 0-.835-.292-1.518-.868-2.033-.583-.506-1.313-.771-2.196-.771Zm-4.888-17.766h1.346c-.446-.233-.819-.618-1.127-1.149-.308-.538-.462-1.18-.462-1.944 0-1.19.365-2.105 1.094-2.756.73-.651 1.702-.98 2.91-.98h6.37v2.306h-6.07c-.713 0-1.28.16-1.686.49-.413.33-.616.828-.616 1.502 0 .74.219 1.318.665 1.736.445.418 1.053.627 1.84.627h5.876v2.306h-10.14v-2.137Zm5.082-8.557c-1.5 0-2.755-.474-3.777-1.414-1.021-.94-1.532-2.146-1.532-3.6 0-1.382.398-2.483 1.184-3.303.786-.82 1.694-1.31 2.723-1.462v2.362c-.56.145-1.005.426-1.345.86-.34.434-.511.948-.511 1.559 0 .811.3 1.462.908 1.952.608.49 1.394.74 2.35.74.965 0 1.743-.241 2.343-.74.6-.49.9-1.14.9-1.952 0-.603-.17-1.125-.511-1.559a2.375 2.375 0 0 0-1.346-.86v-2.362c1.03.152 1.938.643 2.724 1.462.786.82 1.183 1.92 1.183 3.303 0 1.462-.51 2.66-1.532 3.6-1.03.94-2.277 1.414-3.76 1.414Zm9.427-12.47-4.54-1.664-9.969 4.01v-2.46l7.15-2.667-7.15-2.836V0l14.533 5.73-.024 2.29Zm-28.159 97.92c.52.443.789.765.935 1.055.22.451.382.942.382 1.465 0 .805-.236 1.449-.715 1.941-.48.491-1.122.781-1.926.869v-7.496l-.723-.016c-1.511 0-2.77.29-3.77 1.2-1 .909-1.495 2.101-1.495 3.583 0 1.481.512 2.681 1.527 3.607 1.016.934 2.275 1.401 3.779 1.401 1.543 0 2.81-.459 3.818-1.385 1.008-.926 1.512-2.134 1.512-3.639 0-1.152-.317-2.15-.951-2.996a4.664 4.664 0 0 0-1.219-1.143l-1.154 1.554Zm-4.77 4.412c-.43-.475-.65-1.079-.65-1.803 0-.741.212-1.337.65-1.804.432-.467 1.008-.749 1.723-.853v5.354c-.715-.121-1.291-.419-1.722-.894Zm25.563-5.347c.52.443.788.765.934 1.055.22.451.382.942.382 1.465 0 .805-.235 1.45-.715 1.941-.48.491-1.121.781-1.925.869v-7.496l-.724-.016c-1.51 0-2.77.29-3.77 1.2-.999.91-1.495 2.101-1.495 3.583 0 1.481.512 2.681 1.528 3.607 1.015.934 2.275 1.401 3.778 1.401 1.544 0 2.812-.459 3.819-1.385 1.008-.926 1.511-2.134 1.511-3.639 0-1.152-.317-2.15-.95-2.996a4.662 4.662 0 0 0-1.22-1.143l-1.153 1.554Zm-4.778 4.404c-.43-.475-.65-1.079-.65-1.803 0-.741.22-1.337.65-1.804.431-.467 1.008-.749 1.723-.853v5.354c-.715-.113-1.292-.411-1.723-.894Zm4.778-74.049c.52.443.788.765.934 1.055.22.45.382.942.382 1.465 0 .805-.235 1.45-.715 1.94-.48.492-1.121.782-1.925.87v-7.496l-.724-.016c-1.51 0-2.77.29-3.77 1.2-.999.91-1.495 2.101-1.495 3.583 0 1.473.512 2.68 1.528 3.607 1.015.934 2.275 1.4 3.778 1.4 1.544 0 2.812-.458 3.819-1.384 1.008-.926 1.511-2.134 1.511-3.64 0-1.15-.317-2.15-.95-2.995a4.664 4.664 0 0 0-1.22-1.143l-1.153 1.554Zm-4.778 4.404c-.43-.475-.65-1.079-.65-1.803 0-.741.22-1.337.65-1.804.431-.467 1.008-.749 1.723-.853v5.354c-.715-.113-1.292-.41-1.723-.894Z" fill="currentColor"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--logo" viewBox="0 0 80 36"><path d="M8.47 2.053H0V33.95h8.47V2.053Zm63.06 0v3.102c-2.285-2.367-5.734-3.594-9.164-3.594-9.102 0-16.479 7.343-16.479 16.4 0 9.057 7.379 16.4 16.479 16.4 3.43 0 6.734-1.208 9.163-3.693v3.282H80V2.053h-8.47ZM62.787 27.08c-5.343 0-9.318-3.959-9.318-9.139s3.958-9.164 9.301-9.164c5.344 0 9.3 4.001 9.3 9.182 0 5.18-3.94 9.12-9.283 9.12Zm-27.594-3.785c-1.649 2.48-4.407 4.108-7.534 4.108-4.158 0-7.725-2.646-8.835-6.58h24.735c.145-.867.212-1.985.212-2.892 0-9.053-6.873-16.39-16.112-16.39-5.564 0-10.492 2.663-13.532 6.758l5.998 4.27c1.648-2.482 4.407-4.11 7.534-4.11 3.561 0 6.676 1.797 8.185 4.876H11.43c-.376 1.364-.499 3.114-.499 4.596 0 9.052 7.49 16.39 16.729 16.39 5.563 0 10.49-2.662 13.53-6.757l-5.996-4.27Z" fill="currentColor"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--minus-light" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path d="M2 10h16" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--minus" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M10 18a8 8 0 1 0 0-16 8 8 0 0 0 0 16Zm-4-7.447h8v-1.5H6v1.5Z" fill="currentColor"/></symbol><symbol fill="transparent" id="icon--nav-chart" viewBox="0 0 60 60"><path stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="5" fill="none" d="M7.5 32.5h11v14h-11zm11-16h11v30h-11zm11-11h11v41h-11v-41Zm11 22h11v19h-11z"/><path fill="currentColor" d="M5 52h49v5H5z"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--nav-data-explorers" viewBox="0 0 60 60"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M14.998 49V36.837c-.88-.356-1.72-.788-2.514-1.288l-8.718 8.719L.23 40.732l8.482-8.482A15.936 15.936 0 0 1 4.998 22c0-8.837 7.164-16 16-16 2.51 0 4.886.578 7 1.608V0h18v22h13v27h-44Zm18-37.583V5h8v39h-8V32.583c2.49-2.82 4-6.525 4-10.583a15.94 15.94 0 0 0-4-10.583Zm-5 24.974V44h-8v-6.03c.33.02.664.03 1 .03 2.51 0 4.886-.578 7-1.608Zm26-9.391h-8v17h8V27Zm-44-5c0 6.075 4.925 11 11 11s11-4.925 11-11-4.925-11-11-11-11 4.925-11 11Z" fill="currentColor"/><path d="M58.998 57v-5h-44v5h44Z" fill="currentColor"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--nav-data-sets" viewBox="0 0 60 60"><g clip-path="url(#a)" fill="currentColor"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M30 0 0 20l30 20 30-20L30 0Zm0 6.01L9.014 20 30 33.99 50.986 20 30 6.01Z"/><path d="M4.5 27 0 30l30 20 30-20-4.5-3L30 44 4.5 27Z"/><path d="m0 40 4.5-3L30 54l25.5-17 4.5 3-30 20L0 40Z"/></g><defs><clipPath id="a"><path fill="#fff" d="M0 0h60v60H0z"/></clipPath></defs></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--nav-policies" viewBox="0 0 60 60"><path d="M44 17.5H16v-5h28v5Zm-28 8h21v-5H16v5Z" fill="currentColor"/><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M32.818 57H6V3h48v32.5L32.818 57Zm-2.5-24H49V8H11v44h19.318V33Zm5 14.338 9.2-9.338h-9.2v9.338Z" fill="currentColor"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--new-user" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M16 20a5 5 0 0 0-5-5H6a5 5 0 0 0-5 5" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5"/><circle cx="8.5" cy="8.5" r="3.75" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5"/><path d="M16 11h4m4 0h-4m0 0V7m0 4v4" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--office" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M10.25 2.25h12.5v20.5H2.25V10.073h8V2.25Zm1.5 1.5v7.823h-8v9.677h17.5V3.75h-9.5Z" fill="currentColor"/><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M14.25 9V6h1.5v3h-1.5Zm0 5v-3h1.5v3h-1.5Zm0 5v-3h1.5v3h-1.5Zm-4 3V7h1.5v15h-1.5Zm7-13V6h1.5v3h-1.5Zm0 5v-3h1.5v3h-1.5Zm0 5v-3h1.5v3h-1.5Z" fill="currentColor"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--overflow" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M7 12a2 2 0 1 1-4 0 2 2 0 0 1 4 0Zm7 0a2 2 0 1 1-4 0 2 2 0 0 1 4 0Zm7 0a2 2 0 1 1-4 0 2 2 0 0 1 4 0Z" fill="currentColor"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--pause" viewBox="0 0 11 16"><path fill="#000" d="M0 2h4v12H0zm7 0h4v12H7z"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--pending" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M10 18a8 8 0 1 0 0-16 8 8 0 0 0 0 16Zm.875-8.875V5h-1.75v5.875H15v-1.75h-4.125Z" fill="currentColor"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--play" viewBox="0 0 13 15"><path d="M12.75 7.361 0 14.722V0l12.75 7.361Z" fill="currentColor"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--plus-light" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path d="M2 10h8m8 0h-8m0 0V2m0 8v8" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--plus" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M10 18a8 8 0 1 0 0-16 8 8 0 0 0 0 16Zm-.813-4v-3.447H6v-1.5h3.187V6h1.5v3.053H14v1.5h-3.313V14h-1.5Z" fill="currentColor"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--print" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path fill="#000" d="M1 6h18v9H1z"/><path fill="#fff" stroke="#000" stroke-width="1.5" d="M5 10h10v8H5z"/><path stroke="#000" stroke-width="1.5" d="M5 2h10v5H5z"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--replay" viewBox="0 0 16 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M11.61 6.128a4.745 4.745 0 1 0 .349 3.996l1.88.683a6.745 6.745 0 1 1-.497-5.679l-1.733 1Z" fill="currentColor"/><path d="m11.5 0 3.897 6.75H7.603L11.5 0Z" fill="currentColor"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--search-nav" viewBox="0 0 32 32"><circle cx="14.5" cy="15" r="5.5" stroke="#6F6F6F" stroke-width="1.5" fill="transparent"/><path stroke="#6F6F6F" stroke-width="1.5" d="m18.53 18.934 4 4"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--search" viewBox="0 0 24 25"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M11.063 3.189a6.875 6.875 0 1 0 0 13.75 6.875 6.875 0 0 0 0-13.75Zm-8.376 6.875a8.375 8.375 0 1 1 14.358 5.86l4.578 4.579-1.06 1.06-4.663-4.662a8.375 8.375 0 0 1-13.213-6.837Z" fill="currentColor"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--share" viewBox="0 0 14 16"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M.25 9h1.5v5.25h10.5V9h1.5v6.75H.25V9Z" fill="currentColor"/><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="m7 .98 4.508 4.15-1.016 1.104L7.75 3.71V11h-1.5V3.71L3.508 6.234 2.492 5.13 7 .98Z" fill="currentColor"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--show-password" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="m3 12-.67-.338-.17.338.17.338L3 12Zm17.865 0 .67.338.17-.338-.17-.338-.67.338Zm-17.195.338a9.25 9.25 0 0 1 8.263-5.088v-1.5a10.75 10.75 0 0 0-9.603 5.912l1.34.676Zm8.263-5.088a9.25 9.25 0 0 1 8.263 5.088l1.339-.676a10.75 10.75 0 0 0-9.602-5.912v1.5Zm8.263 4.412a9.25 9.25 0 0 1-8.263 5.088v1.5a10.75 10.75 0 0 0 9.602-5.912l-1.34-.676Zm-8.263 5.088a9.25 9.25 0 0 1-8.263-5.088l-1.34.676a10.75 10.75 0 0 0 9.603 5.912v-1.5Z" fill="currentColor"/><circle cx="11.933" cy="12" r="3.083" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--sm-add" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path d="M10 2.929V10m0 7.071V10m0 0h7.071M10 10H2.929" stroke="currentColor"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--sm-close" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path d="m5 5 5 5m5 5-5-5m0 0 5-5m-5 5-5 5" stroke="currentColor"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--sm-right" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path d="M7.507 4.447 13.565 10l-6.058 5.553-1.014-1.106L11.345 10 6.493 5.553l1.014-1.106Z" fill="currentColor"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--spotify" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path d="M15.915 8.865c-3.223-1.914-8.54-2.09-11.617-1.156a.935.935 0 1 1-.543-1.79c3.532-1.072 9.404-.865 13.115 1.337a.935.935 0 0 1-.955 1.61M15.81 11.7a.78.78 0 0 1-1.073.256c-2.687-1.652-6.785-2.13-9.964-1.165a.78.78 0 0 1-.914-1.113.78.78 0 0 1 .46-.379c3.633-1.102 8.148-.568 11.234 1.329a.78.78 0 0 1 .257 1.072Zm-1.224 2.722a.623.623 0 0 1-.857.208c-2.348-1.435-5.304-1.76-8.785-.964a.623.623 0 1 1-.277-1.215c3.809-.871 7.076-.496 9.712 1.114a.624.624 0 0 1 .207.857M10 0C4.477 0 0 4.477 0 10s4.477 10 10 10 10-4.477 10-10S15.523 0 10 0" fill="#1ED760"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--submit" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M8 12h14.5m0 0L17 6.5m5.5 5.5L17 17.5" stroke="#000" stroke-width="1.5"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--success" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M10 18a8 8 0 1 0 0-16 8 8 0 0 0 0 16Zm3.25-11.204L8.499 11.55l-1.75-1.748-1.237 1.238 2.986 2.985 5.99-5.99-1.237-1.238Z" fill="currentColor"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--twitter" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path fill="currentColor" d="M15.688 4 5.56 16H3.57L13.639 4h2.049Z"/><path fill="currentColor" d="M7.141 4H3l9.19 12h4.069L7.14 4Z"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--user-profile" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M21.5 22a6.547 6.547 0 0 0-6.547-6.547H9.047A6.547 6.547 0 0 0 2.5 22" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5"/><circle cx="12" cy="7.5" r="4.75" stroke="currentColor" stroke-width="1.5"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--wordmark" viewBox="0 0 136 40"><path d="M2.346.778v13.868H0V.778h2.346ZM6.83 4.515V5.86c.233-.446.619-.818 1.149-1.126.538-.308 1.181-.462 1.944-.462 1.19 0 2.106.364 2.757 1.094.65.73.98 1.702.98 2.91v6.37h-2.306v-6.07c0-.714-.161-1.281-.49-1.686-.33-.414-.828-.616-1.503-.616-.74 0-1.318.218-1.736.664C7.208 7.384 7 7.992 7 8.778v5.877H4.693V4.514H6.83ZM18.883 6.37v8.284h-2.306V6.371H15.05V4.515h1.527V1.71h2.306v2.805h1.688V6.37h-1.688Zm47.624 0v8.284h-2.306V6.371h-1.526V4.515H64.2V1.71h2.306v2.805h1.688V6.37h-1.688ZM38.57 4.434v2.164a3.98 3.98 0 0 0-.523-.04c-1.728 0-2.595.94-2.595 2.812v5.276h-2.307V4.506h2.13v1.41c.57-1.004 1.559-1.507 2.965-1.507l.33.025Zm3.623.081V5.86c.233-.446.619-.818 1.149-1.126.538-.308 1.181-.462 1.944-.462 1.19 0 2.106.364 2.757 1.094.65.73.98 1.702.98 2.91v6.37h-2.306v-6.07c0-.714-.16-1.281-.49-1.686-.33-.414-.828-.616-1.503-.616-.74 0-1.318.218-1.736.664-.417.446-.626 1.054-.626 1.84v5.877h-2.306V4.514h2.137Zm16.761.015h2.13v10.116h-2.13v-1.442c-.683 1.118-1.816 1.677-3.39 1.677-1.43 0-2.564-.502-3.4-1.515-.835-1.005-1.245-2.27-1.245-3.777 0-1.508.418-2.772 1.245-3.778.836-1.005 1.97-1.515 3.4-1.515 1.574 0 2.707.559 3.39 1.678V4.53Zm-4.958 2.75c-.514.616-.77 1.394-.77 2.318 0 .924.256 1.694.77 2.318.515.616 1.198.924 2.05.924.867 0 1.55-.308 2.065-.916.506-.608.763-1.386.763-2.326 0-.94-.257-1.71-.763-2.327-.507-.607-1.198-.915-2.066-.915-.851-.009-1.534.3-2.049.924Zm15.798 7.366V4.506H72.1v10.14h-2.306Zm2.587-12.944A1.44 1.44 0 0 0 70.951.26a1.44 1.44 0 0 0-1.43 1.443 1.44 1.44 0 0 0 1.43 1.443 1.44 1.44 0 0 0 1.43-1.443Zm6.895 13.18c-1.551 0-2.804-.511-3.769-1.54-.964-1.03-1.446-2.278-1.446-3.753s.482-2.724 1.446-3.761c.965-1.038 2.218-1.556 3.769-1.556 1.559 0 2.82.518 3.784 1.556.965 1.037 1.447 2.286 1.447 3.76 0 1.476-.482 2.724-1.447 3.754-.964 1.029-2.225 1.54-3.784 1.54Zm-2.909-5.293c0 .964.273 1.742.82 2.342.546.6 1.245.9 2.08.9.852 0 1.552-.3 2.098-.9.546-.6.82-1.378.82-2.342 0-.973-.274-1.767-.82-2.367-.546-.6-1.246-.9-2.097-.9-.836 0-1.535.3-2.081.9-.547.608-.82 1.394-.82 2.367Zm12.061-5.074V5.86c.233-.446.619-.818 1.15-1.126.538-.308 1.18-.462 1.944-.462 1.19 0 2.105.364 2.756 1.094.65.73.98 1.702.98 2.91v6.37h-2.306v-6.07c0-.714-.16-1.281-.49-1.686-.33-.414-.828-.616-1.503-.616-.739 0-1.317.218-1.735.664-.418.446-.627 1.054-.627 1.84v5.877h-2.306V4.514h2.137Zm16.762.015h2.129v10.116h-2.129v-1.442c-.683 1.118-1.816 1.677-3.391 1.677-1.431 0-2.564-.502-3.4-1.515-.835-1.005-1.245-2.27-1.245-3.777 0-1.508.418-2.772 1.246-3.778.835-1.005 1.968-1.515 3.399-1.515 1.575 0 2.708.559 3.391 1.678V4.53Zm-4.958 2.749c-.514.616-.772 1.394-.772 2.318 0 .924.258 1.694.772 2.318.514.616 1.197.924 2.049.924.868 0 1.551-.308 2.065-.916.506-.608.763-1.386.763-2.326 0-.94-.257-1.71-.763-2.327-.506-.607-1.197-.915-2.065-.915-.852-.009-1.535.3-2.049.924Zm11.843 7.367h-2.306V0h2.306v14.646ZM9.337 33.2v2.188H.007V21.52h9.33v2.188h-6.99v3.558h6.66v2.189h-6.66v3.753h6.99v-.009Zm4.379-7.952v1.346c.233-.446.619-.819 1.15-1.127.538-.308 1.18-.462 1.944-.462 1.19 0 2.105.365 2.756 1.094.65.73.98 1.702.98 2.91v6.37H18.24v-6.07c0-.713-.16-1.28-.49-1.686-.33-.413-.828-.616-1.503-.616-.739 0-1.317.219-1.735.665-.418.445-.627 1.053-.627 1.84v5.876h-2.306v-10.14h2.137Zm25.688-.081v2.164a3.964 3.964 0 0 0-.522-.04c-1.727 0-2.595.94-2.595 2.812v5.277H33.98V25.24h2.129v1.41c.57-1.005 1.559-1.507 2.965-1.507l.33.024Zm8.728 1.524v-1.443h2.129v10.043c0 1.378-.426 2.513-1.27 3.388-.843.875-2.025 1.321-3.535 1.321-1.382 0-2.459-.357-3.247-1.078-.779-.713-1.237-1.54-1.366-2.464h2.307c.28 1.03 1.068 1.54 2.346 1.54.771 0 1.374-.219 1.808-.657.434-.437.65-1.02.65-1.75V33.67c-.674 1.045-1.727 1.564-3.173 1.564-1.39 0-2.515-.494-3.359-1.475-.844-.98-1.27-2.197-1.27-3.64 0-1.442.426-2.658 1.27-3.639.844-.98 1.969-1.475 3.359-1.475 1.535.008 2.651.567 3.35 1.686Zm-.073 3.445c0-.9-.257-1.637-.771-2.205-.514-.575-1.197-.86-2.033-.86-.828 0-1.495.285-2.017.86-.514.576-.771 1.305-.771 2.205 0 .883.257 1.62.771 2.196.514.584 1.19.868 2.017.868.836 0 1.519-.292 2.033-.868.506-.583.771-1.313.771-2.196Zm5.793 9.621 1.663-4.54-4.01-9.969h2.46l2.667 7.15 2.837-7.15h2.402l-5.729 14.533-2.29-.024Zm15.203-4.369H66.58l5.327-13.868h2.5l5.343 13.868h-2.556l-.988-2.675h-6.147l-1.004 2.675Zm4.082-10.942h-.033l-2.266 6.111h4.556l-2.257-6.111Zm15.123 2.245v-1.443h2.129v10.043c0 1.378-.426 2.513-1.27 3.388-.844.875-2.025 1.321-3.535 1.321-1.383 0-2.46-.357-3.247-1.078-.78-.713-1.237-1.54-1.366-2.464h2.306c.282 1.03 1.07 1.54 2.347 1.54.771 0 1.374-.219 1.808-.657.434-.437.65-1.02.65-1.75V33.67c-.674 1.045-1.727 1.564-3.173 1.564-1.39 0-2.516-.494-3.36-1.475-.843-.98-1.269-2.197-1.269-3.64 0-1.442.426-2.658 1.27-3.639.844-.98 1.969-1.475 3.359-1.475 1.542.008 2.66.567 3.35 1.686Zm-.073 3.445c0-.9-.257-1.637-.771-2.205-.515-.575-1.198-.86-2.033-.86-.828 0-1.495.285-2.017.86-.514.576-.772 1.305-.772 2.205 0 .883.258 1.62.772 2.196.514.584 1.189.868 2.017.868.835 0 1.518-.292 2.033-.868.506-.583.771-1.313.771-2.196Zm17.765-4.888v1.346c.234-.446.619-.819 1.15-1.127.538-.308 1.181-.462 1.944-.462 1.189 0 2.105.365 2.756 1.094.651.73.98 1.702.98 2.91v6.37h-2.306v-6.07c0-.713-.16-1.28-.49-1.686-.329-.413-.827-.616-1.502-.616-.74 0-1.318.219-1.736.665-.418.445-.627 1.053-.627 1.84v5.876h-2.306v-10.14h2.137Zm8.558 5.082c0-1.5.474-2.755 1.414-3.777.941-1.021 2.146-1.532 3.6-1.532 1.382 0 2.483.398 3.303 1.184.819.786 1.309 1.694 1.462 2.723h-2.362c-.145-.56-.426-1.005-.86-1.345-.434-.34-.948-.511-1.559-.511-.811 0-1.462.3-1.952.908-.491.608-.74 1.394-.74 2.35 0 .965.241 1.743.74 2.343.49.6 1.141.9 1.952.9.603 0 1.125-.17 1.559-.511.434-.34.723-.786.86-1.346h2.362c-.153 1.03-.643 1.938-1.462 2.724-.82.786-1.921 1.183-3.303 1.183-1.462 0-2.659-.51-3.6-1.532-.94-1.03-1.414-2.277-1.414-3.76Zm12.471 9.427 1.663-4.54-4.009-9.969h2.458l2.668 7.15 2.836-7.15H135l-5.729 14.533-2.29-.024ZM29.06 11.598c-.443.52-.765.789-1.055.935-.45.22-.942.382-1.465.382-.805 0-1.45-.236-1.94-.715-.492-.48-.782-1.122-.87-1.926h7.496l.016-.723c0-1.511-.29-2.77-1.2-3.77-.91-1-2.101-1.495-3.583-1.495-1.481 0-2.68.512-3.607 1.527-.934 1.016-1.4 2.275-1.4 3.779 0 1.543.458 2.81 1.384 3.818.926 1.008 2.134 1.512 3.64 1.512 1.15 0 2.15-.317 2.995-.951.467-.35.845-.756 1.143-1.219l-1.554-1.154Zm-4.412-4.77c.475-.43 1.079-.65 1.803-.65.741 0 1.337.212 1.804.65.467.432.749 1.008.853 1.723h-5.354c.12-.715.419-1.291.894-1.722Zm5.347 25.563c-.443.52-.765.788-1.055.934-.45.22-.942.382-1.465.382-.805 0-1.45-.235-1.94-.715-.492-.48-.782-1.121-.87-1.925h7.496l.016-.724c0-1.51-.29-2.77-1.2-3.77-.91-.999-2.101-1.495-3.583-1.495-1.481 0-2.681.512-3.607 1.528-.934 1.015-1.4 2.275-1.4 3.778 0 1.544.458 2.812 1.384 3.819.926 1.008 2.134 1.511 3.64 1.511 1.15 0 2.15-.317 2.994-.95a4.67 4.67 0 0 0 1.144-1.22l-1.554-1.153Zm-4.404-4.778c.475-.43 1.079-.65 1.803-.65.741 0 1.337.22 1.804.65.467.431.749 1.008.853 1.723h-5.354c.113-.715.41-1.292.894-1.723Zm74.049 4.778c-.443.52-.765.788-1.055.934-.45.22-.942.382-1.465.382-.805 0-1.45-.235-1.94-.715-.492-.48-.782-1.121-.87-1.925h7.496l.016-.724c0-1.51-.29-2.77-1.2-3.77-.91-.999-2.101-1.495-3.583-1.495-1.473 0-2.68.512-3.607 1.528-.934 1.015-1.4 2.275-1.4 3.778 0 1.544.458 2.812 1.384 3.819.926 1.008 2.134 1.511 3.64 1.511 1.15 0 2.15-.317 2.995-.95.467-.35.845-.756 1.143-1.22l-1.554-1.153Zm-4.404-4.778c.475-.43 1.079-.65 1.803-.65.741 0 1.337.22 1.804.65.467.431.749 1.008.853 1.723h-5.354c.113-.715.41-1.292.894-1.723Z" fill="currentColor"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--xlg-right" viewBox="0 0 36 36"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M23.56 8.69 32.872 18l-9.31 9.31-2.122-2.12 5.69-5.69H4.5v-3h22.629l-5.69-5.69 2.122-2.12Z" fill="currentColor"/></symbol><symbol fill="none" id="icon--youtube" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M16.29 4.835a1.97 1.97 0 0 1 1.385 1.385c.337 1.23.324 3.793.324 3.793s0 2.551-.324 3.78a1.97 1.97 0 0 1-1.385 1.386c-1.23.324-6.15.324-6.15.324s-4.907 0-6.15-.337a1.97 1.97 0 0 1-1.385-1.385c-.324-1.217-.324-3.78-.324-3.78s0-2.551.324-3.781A2.01 2.01 0 0 1 3.99 4.822c1.23-.324 6.15-.324 6.15-.324s4.92 0 6.15.337ZM12.665 10l-4.091 2.356V7.644L12.664 10Z" fill="currentColor"/></symbol></svg> </div> <div class="g-search" data-search-dialog tabindex="-1" role="dialog"> <div class="g-logo g-logo--search"> <a href="https://www.iea.org" class="g-logo__icon" data-barba-prevent><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--logo icon--80-36"><svg><title>IEA</title><use xlink:href="#icon--logo"></use></svg></span></a> </div> <div class="container"> <button type="button" class="g-search__close" data-search-close> <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--close-btn icon--20"><svg><title>Close Search</title><use xlink:href="#icon--close-btn"></use></svg></span> </button> <form action="/search" method="get" class="m-search-form-2023" data-behavior="searchAutocomplete" data-search-form> <input class="m-search-form-2023__query" type="search" data-hj-allow autocomplete="off" name="q" value="" placeholder="Search everything" data-search-query /> <button type="submit" class="m-search-form-2023__submit"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--search-nav icon--32"><svg><title>Search</title><use xlink:href="#icon--search-nav"></use></svg></span> </button> <div class="m-search-form-2023__suggestions-list" role="listbox" aria-label="Suggestions" data-search-suggestions> <ul class="m-search-form-2023__autocomplete-list" aria-label="Autocomplete suggestions" role="group" data-autocomplete-list></ul> <ul class="m-search-form-2023__recent-list" aria-label="Recent Searches" role="group" data-recent-list></ul> </div> </form> </div> </div> <header class="g-header" id="header"> <nav class="g-header__top-bar"> <div class="g-top-bar"> <div class="container"> <ul class="g-top-bar__list"> <li class="g-top-bar__live-mention"> </li> <li class="g-top-bar__item"> <a href="/about">About</a> </li> <li class="g-top-bar__item"> <a href="/news">News</a> </li> <li class="g-top-bar__item"> <a href="/events">Events</a> </li> <li class="g-top-bar__item"> <a href="/programmes">Programmes</a> </li> <li class="g-top-bar__item"> <a href="/help-centre">Help centre</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="g-header__wrapper"> <div class="container"> <nav class="g-header__nav" role="navigation"> <div class="g-logo g-logo--nav" id="logo"> <a href="https://www.iea.org" class="g-logo__icon" data-barba-prevent><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--logo icon--70-30"><svg><title>IEA</title><use xlink:href="#icon--logo"></use></svg></span></a><a href="#content" class="g-logo__skip" data-barba-prevent>Skip navigation</a> </div> <form action="/search" method="get" class="m-search-form-2023" data-behavior="searchAutocomplete" data-search-form> <input class="m-search-form-2023__query" type="search" data-hj-allow autocomplete="off" name="q" value="" placeholder="Search everything" data-search-query /> <button type="submit" class="m-search-form-2023__submit"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--search-nav icon--32"><svg><title>Search</title><use xlink:href="#icon--search-nav"></use></svg></span> </button> <div class="m-search-form-2023__suggestions-list" role="listbox" aria-label="Suggestions" data-search-suggestions> <ul class="m-search-form-2023__autocomplete-list" aria-label="Autocomplete suggestions" role="group" data-autocomplete-list></ul> <ul class="m-search-form-2023__recent-list" aria-label="Recent Searches" role="group" data-recent-list></ul> </div> </form> <ul class="g-nav" data-behavior="nav"> <li class="g-nav__item"> <a href="/energy-system" aria-controls="navigation-1" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" data-nav-link>Energy system <span class="g-nav__item-chevron"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-down icon--20"><svg><title>Chevron down</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-down"></use></svg></span></span></a> <div class="g-nav__menu" id="navigation-1" role="menu"> <div class="container"> <div class="g-nav__menu-inner"> <div class="g-nav__menu-header"> <span class="g-nav__menu-title">Explore the energy system by fuel, technology or sector</span> </div> <div class="g-nav__menu-thumbnails g-nav__menu-thumbnails--no-xl-list"> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-items"> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/energy-system/fossil-fuels" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/727f5e9d-39d4-4b20-9e8f-fa9c19474abd/shutterstock_2135903469.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C4400%2C2475&w=600&h=338&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/727f5e9d-39d4-4b20-9e8f-fa9c19474abd/shutterstock_2135903469.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C4400%2C2475&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=56 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/727f5e9d-39d4-4b20-9e8f-fa9c19474abd/shutterstock_2135903469.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C4400%2C2475&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=113 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/727f5e9d-39d4-4b20-9e8f-fa9c19474abd/shutterstock_2135903469.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C4400%2C2475&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=309 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/727f5e9d-39d4-4b20-9e8f-fa9c19474abd/shutterstock_2135903469.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C4400%2C2475&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=619 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/727f5e9d-39d4-4b20-9e8f-fa9c19474abd/shutterstock_2135903469.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C4400%2C2475&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=338 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/727f5e9d-39d4-4b20-9e8f-fa9c19474abd/shutterstock_2135903469.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C4400%2C2475&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=675 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="Oil and natural gas supply" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Fossil Fuels</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/energy-system/renewables" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/298dbf91-1765-4367-96bc-dc65b182f3be/RenewablesMarketUpdate2023_FLIPPED_shutterstock_366229667.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C467%2C4500%2C2533&w=600&h=338&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/298dbf91-1765-4367-96bc-dc65b182f3be/RenewablesMarketUpdate2023_FLIPPED_shutterstock_366229667.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C467%2C4500%2C2533&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=56 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/298dbf91-1765-4367-96bc-dc65b182f3be/RenewablesMarketUpdate2023_FLIPPED_shutterstock_366229667.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C467%2C4500%2C2533&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=113 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/298dbf91-1765-4367-96bc-dc65b182f3be/RenewablesMarketUpdate2023_FLIPPED_shutterstock_366229667.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C467%2C4500%2C2533&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=310 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/298dbf91-1765-4367-96bc-dc65b182f3be/RenewablesMarketUpdate2023_FLIPPED_shutterstock_366229667.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C467%2C4500%2C2533&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=619 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/298dbf91-1765-4367-96bc-dc65b182f3be/RenewablesMarketUpdate2023_FLIPPED_shutterstock_366229667.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C467%2C4500%2C2533&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=338 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/298dbf91-1765-4367-96bc-dc65b182f3be/RenewablesMarketUpdate2023_FLIPPED_shutterstock_366229667.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C467%2C4500%2C2533&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=675 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="Photo depicts a solar panels and windmills in the power plant" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Renewables</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/energy-system/electricity" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/c2a6cd9b-85a4-446f-92b2-ff103b55c442/shutterstock_1715825734.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=%2C%2C%2C&w=600&h=338&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/c2a6cd9b-85a4-446f-92b2-ff103b55c442/shutterstock_1715825734.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=%2C%2C%2C&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=56 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/c2a6cd9b-85a4-446f-92b2-ff103b55c442/shutterstock_1715825734.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=%2C%2C%2C&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=113 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/c2a6cd9b-85a4-446f-92b2-ff103b55c442/shutterstock_1715825734.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=%2C%2C%2C&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=309 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/c2a6cd9b-85a4-446f-92b2-ff103b55c442/shutterstock_1715825734.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=%2C%2C%2C&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=619 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/c2a6cd9b-85a4-446f-92b2-ff103b55c442/shutterstock_1715825734.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=%2C%2C%2C&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=338 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/c2a6cd9b-85a4-446f-92b2-ff103b55c442/shutterstock_1715825734.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=%2C%2C%2C&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=675 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="photo from the perspective of looking up to the top of electricity tower pylons with a colorful blue and yellow background in the sky" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Electricity</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/energy-system/low-emissions-fuels" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/027dc74f-71b5-4941-b375-b23ed5ead025/shutterstock_2023277612.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=251%2C0%2C5476%2C3084&w=600&h=338&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/027dc74f-71b5-4941-b375-b23ed5ead025/shutterstock_2023277612.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=251%2C0%2C5476%2C3084&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=56 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/027dc74f-71b5-4941-b375-b23ed5ead025/shutterstock_2023277612.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=251%2C0%2C5476%2C3084&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=113 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/027dc74f-71b5-4941-b375-b23ed5ead025/shutterstock_2023277612.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=251%2C0%2C5476%2C3084&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=310 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/027dc74f-71b5-4941-b375-b23ed5ead025/shutterstock_2023277612.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=251%2C0%2C5476%2C3084&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=620 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/027dc74f-71b5-4941-b375-b23ed5ead025/shutterstock_2023277612.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=251%2C0%2C5476%2C3084&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=338 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/027dc74f-71b5-4941-b375-b23ed5ead025/shutterstock_2023277612.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=251%2C0%2C5476%2C3084&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=676 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="Low-emission fuels" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Low-Emissions Fuels</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/energy-system/transport" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/9db3cb32-197e-41ee-b2df-e3a6483f1fa5/robert-ruggiero-3cI1YSp1E7w-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C90%2C3992%2C2248&w=600&h=338&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/9db3cb32-197e-41ee-b2df-e3a6483f1fa5/robert-ruggiero-3cI1YSp1E7w-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C90%2C3992%2C2248&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=56 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/9db3cb32-197e-41ee-b2df-e3a6483f1fa5/robert-ruggiero-3cI1YSp1E7w-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C90%2C3992%2C2248&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=113 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/9db3cb32-197e-41ee-b2df-e3a6483f1fa5/robert-ruggiero-3cI1YSp1E7w-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C90%2C3992%2C2248&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=310 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/9db3cb32-197e-41ee-b2df-e3a6483f1fa5/robert-ruggiero-3cI1YSp1E7w-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C90%2C3992%2C2248&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=619 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/9db3cb32-197e-41ee-b2df-e3a6483f1fa5/robert-ruggiero-3cI1YSp1E7w-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C90%2C3992%2C2248&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=338 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/9db3cb32-197e-41ee-b2df-e3a6483f1fa5/robert-ruggiero-3cI1YSp1E7w-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C90%2C3992%2C2248&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=676 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="Transport" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Transport</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/energy-system/industry" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/2c2efb95-62d6-438f-afda-cfd3b05a02c6/guillaume-techer-XvNPUh6fWVk-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C530%2C3963%2C2233&w=600&h=338&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/2c2efb95-62d6-438f-afda-cfd3b05a02c6/guillaume-techer-XvNPUh6fWVk-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C530%2C3963%2C2233&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=56 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/2c2efb95-62d6-438f-afda-cfd3b05a02c6/guillaume-techer-XvNPUh6fWVk-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C530%2C3963%2C2233&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=113 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/2c2efb95-62d6-438f-afda-cfd3b05a02c6/guillaume-techer-XvNPUh6fWVk-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C530%2C3963%2C2233&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=310 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/2c2efb95-62d6-438f-afda-cfd3b05a02c6/guillaume-techer-XvNPUh6fWVk-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C530%2C3963%2C2233&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=620 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/2c2efb95-62d6-438f-afda-cfd3b05a02c6/guillaume-techer-XvNPUh6fWVk-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C530%2C3963%2C2233&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=338 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/2c2efb95-62d6-438f-afda-cfd3b05a02c6/guillaume-techer-XvNPUh6fWVk-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C530%2C3963%2C2233&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=676 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="Tracking industry" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Industry</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/energy-system/buildings" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/baf1e3a9-a015-4917-8206-021234e74453/matthew-hamilton-Ru3Ap8TNcsk-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C456%2C5472%2C3078&w=600&h=338&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/baf1e3a9-a015-4917-8206-021234e74453/matthew-hamilton-Ru3Ap8TNcsk-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C456%2C5472%2C3078&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=56 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/baf1e3a9-a015-4917-8206-021234e74453/matthew-hamilton-Ru3Ap8TNcsk-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C456%2C5472%2C3078&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=113 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/baf1e3a9-a015-4917-8206-021234e74453/matthew-hamilton-Ru3Ap8TNcsk-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C456%2C5472%2C3078&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=309 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/baf1e3a9-a015-4917-8206-021234e74453/matthew-hamilton-Ru3Ap8TNcsk-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C456%2C5472%2C3078&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=619 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/baf1e3a9-a015-4917-8206-021234e74453/matthew-hamilton-Ru3Ap8TNcsk-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C456%2C5472%2C3078&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=338 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/baf1e3a9-a015-4917-8206-021234e74453/matthew-hamilton-Ru3Ap8TNcsk-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C456%2C5472%2C3078&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=675 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="Tracking buildings" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Buildings</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/energy-system/energy-efficiency-and-demand" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/72642c3c-5c66-40c9-84aa-71f724655b3a/hector-martinez-rUUpyVdSnek-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C3000%2C5141%2C2883&w=600&h=336&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/72642c3c-5c66-40c9-84aa-71f724655b3a/hector-martinez-rUUpyVdSnek-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C3000%2C5141%2C2883&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=56 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/72642c3c-5c66-40c9-84aa-71f724655b3a/hector-martinez-rUUpyVdSnek-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C3000%2C5141%2C2883&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=112 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/72642c3c-5c66-40c9-84aa-71f724655b3a/hector-martinez-rUUpyVdSnek-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C3000%2C5141%2C2883&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=308 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/72642c3c-5c66-40c9-84aa-71f724655b3a/hector-martinez-rUUpyVdSnek-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C3000%2C5141%2C2883&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=617 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/72642c3c-5c66-40c9-84aa-71f724655b3a/hector-martinez-rUUpyVdSnek-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C3000%2C5141%2C2883&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=336 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/72642c3c-5c66-40c9-84aa-71f724655b3a/hector-martinez-rUUpyVdSnek-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C3000%2C5141%2C2883&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=673 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="Hector Martinez Ruupyvdsnek Unsplash" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Energy Efficiency and Demand</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/energy-system/carbon-capture-utilisation-and-storage" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/60dc2ee0-6d77-4812-8078-31210ed0b670/ccus_tall.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C3224%2C4500%2C2536&w=600&h=338&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/60dc2ee0-6d77-4812-8078-31210ed0b670/ccus_tall.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C3224%2C4500%2C2536&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=56 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/60dc2ee0-6d77-4812-8078-31210ed0b670/ccus_tall.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C3224%2C4500%2C2536&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=113 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/60dc2ee0-6d77-4812-8078-31210ed0b670/ccus_tall.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C3224%2C4500%2C2536&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=310 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/60dc2ee0-6d77-4812-8078-31210ed0b670/ccus_tall.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C3224%2C4500%2C2536&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=620 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/60dc2ee0-6d77-4812-8078-31210ed0b670/ccus_tall.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C3224%2C4500%2C2536&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=338 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/60dc2ee0-6d77-4812-8078-31210ed0b670/ccus_tall.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C3224%2C4500%2C2536&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=676 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="Ccus Tall" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/energy-system/decarbonisation-enablers" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/16dc3a6b-62fe-40cc-acdc-02b41ebb5c9a/shutterstock_150262865.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C5050%2C2841&w=600&h=338&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/16dc3a6b-62fe-40cc-acdc-02b41ebb5c9a/shutterstock_150262865.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C5050%2C2841&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=56 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/16dc3a6b-62fe-40cc-acdc-02b41ebb5c9a/shutterstock_150262865.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C5050%2C2841&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=113 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/16dc3a6b-62fe-40cc-acdc-02b41ebb5c9a/shutterstock_150262865.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C5050%2C2841&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=309 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/16dc3a6b-62fe-40cc-acdc-02b41ebb5c9a/shutterstock_150262865.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C5050%2C2841&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=619 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/16dc3a6b-62fe-40cc-acdc-02b41ebb5c9a/shutterstock_150262865.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C5050%2C2841&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=338 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/16dc3a6b-62fe-40cc-acdc-02b41ebb5c9a/shutterstock_150262865.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C5050%2C2841&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=675 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="LED screen macro" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Decarbonisation Enablers</p> </a> </div> </div> <div class="g-nav__menu-thumbnails-list"> <ul> <li class="g-nav__thumbnails-list-item"> <a class="g-nav__thumbnails-list-link" href="/energy-system/buildings" tabindex="-1"> <span>Buildings</span> <span class="g-nav__thumbnails-list-icon" aria-hidden="true"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--sm-right icon--20"><svg><use xlink:href="#icon--sm-right"></use></svg></span></span> </a> </li> <li class="g-nav__thumbnails-list-item"> <a class="g-nav__thumbnails-list-link" href="/energy-system/energy-efficiency-and-demand" tabindex="-1"> <span>Energy Efficiency and Demand</span> <span class="g-nav__thumbnails-list-icon" aria-hidden="true"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--sm-right icon--20"><svg><use xlink:href="#icon--sm-right"></use></svg></span></span> </a> </li> <li class="g-nav__thumbnails-list-item"> <a class="g-nav__thumbnails-list-link" href="/energy-system/carbon-capture-utilisation-and-storage" tabindex="-1"> <span>Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage</span> <span class="g-nav__thumbnails-list-icon" aria-hidden="true"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--sm-right icon--20"><svg><use xlink:href="#icon--sm-right"></use></svg></span></span> </a> </li> <li class="g-nav__thumbnails-list-item"> <a class="g-nav__thumbnails-list-link" href="/energy-system/decarbonisation-enablers" tabindex="-1"> <span>Decarbonisation Enablers</span> <span class="g-nav__thumbnails-list-icon" aria-hidden="true"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--sm-right icon--20"><svg><use xlink:href="#icon--sm-right"></use></svg></span></span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="g-nav__menu-link"> <a class="a-button-rounded a-button-rounded--soft-accent" href="/energy-system" data-focus-tabbed > <span class="a-button-rounded__label">Explore all</span> <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--circle-arrow icon--20"><svg><use xlink:href="#icon--circle-arrow"></use></svg></span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="g-nav__item"> <a href="/topics" aria-controls="navigation-2" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" data-nav-link>Topics <span class="g-nav__item-chevron"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-down icon--20"><svg><title>Chevron down</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-down"></use></svg></span></span></a> <div class="g-nav__menu" id="navigation-2" role="menu"> <div class="container"> <div class="g-nav__menu-inner"> <div class="g-nav__menu-header"> <span class="g-nav__menu-title">Understand the biggest energy challenges</span> </div> <div class="g-nav__menu-thumbnails "> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-items"> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/topics/energy-security" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/1575f899-522e-411a-838c-05f31d87484d/shutterstock_753516193.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C633%2C6000%2C2571&w=600&h=257&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/1575f899-522e-411a-838c-05f31d87484d/shutterstock_753516193.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C633%2C6000%2C2571&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=43 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/1575f899-522e-411a-838c-05f31d87484d/shutterstock_753516193.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C633%2C6000%2C2571&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=86 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/1575f899-522e-411a-838c-05f31d87484d/shutterstock_753516193.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C633%2C6000%2C2571&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=236 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/1575f899-522e-411a-838c-05f31d87484d/shutterstock_753516193.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C633%2C6000%2C2571&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=471 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/1575f899-522e-411a-838c-05f31d87484d/shutterstock_753516193.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C633%2C6000%2C2571&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=257 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/1575f899-522e-411a-838c-05f31d87484d/shutterstock_753516193.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C633%2C6000%2C2571&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=514 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="Electricity security report cover" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Energy Security</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/topics/artificial-intelligence" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/52eaef5a-3a9e-4a14-9851-825050f2de2f/Photodepictsabstractcurlytendrilsagainstbluebackground_GettyImages-1041976390.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C1750%2C6000%2C1328&w=600&h=133&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/52eaef5a-3a9e-4a14-9851-825050f2de2f/Photodepictsabstractcurlytendrilsagainstbluebackground_GettyImages-1041976390.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C1750%2C6000%2C1328&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=22 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/52eaef5a-3a9e-4a14-9851-825050f2de2f/Photodepictsabstractcurlytendrilsagainstbluebackground_GettyImages-1041976390.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C1750%2C6000%2C1328&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=44 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/52eaef5a-3a9e-4a14-9851-825050f2de2f/Photodepictsabstractcurlytendrilsagainstbluebackground_GettyImages-1041976390.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C1750%2C6000%2C1328&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=122 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/52eaef5a-3a9e-4a14-9851-825050f2de2f/Photodepictsabstractcurlytendrilsagainstbluebackground_GettyImages-1041976390.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C1750%2C6000%2C1328&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=243 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/52eaef5a-3a9e-4a14-9851-825050f2de2f/Photodepictsabstractcurlytendrilsagainstbluebackground_GettyImages-1041976390.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C1750%2C6000%2C1328&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=133 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/52eaef5a-3a9e-4a14-9851-825050f2de2f/Photodepictsabstractcurlytendrilsagainstbluebackground_GettyImages-1041976390.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C1750%2C6000%2C1328&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=266 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="Photo Depicts Abstract Curly Tendrils Against Blue Background Gettyimages 1041976390" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Artificial Intelligence</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/topics/critical-minerals" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/5c2163f7-f9ec-4bb2-a68f-ac5160d43cfd/CriticalMineraltopicpageheaderimage.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C767%2C3968%2C1707&w=600&h=258&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/5c2163f7-f9ec-4bb2-a68f-ac5160d43cfd/CriticalMineraltopicpageheaderimage.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C767%2C3968%2C1707&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=43 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/5c2163f7-f9ec-4bb2-a68f-ac5160d43cfd/CriticalMineraltopicpageheaderimage.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C767%2C3968%2C1707&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=86 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/5c2163f7-f9ec-4bb2-a68f-ac5160d43cfd/CriticalMineraltopicpageheaderimage.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C767%2C3968%2C1707&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=237 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/5c2163f7-f9ec-4bb2-a68f-ac5160d43cfd/CriticalMineraltopicpageheaderimage.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C767%2C3968%2C1707&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=473 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/5c2163f7-f9ec-4bb2-a68f-ac5160d43cfd/CriticalMineraltopicpageheaderimage.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C767%2C3968%2C1707&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=258 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/5c2163f7-f9ec-4bb2-a68f-ac5160d43cfd/CriticalMineraltopicpageheaderimage.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C767%2C3968%2C1707&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=516 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="Critical Mineral Topic Page Header Image" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Critical Minerals</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/topics/access-and-affordability" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/9ff0915d-3c95-4065-ba47-1c3b6626282d/shutterstock_89400688.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C121%2C997%2C427&w=600&h=257&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/9ff0915d-3c95-4065-ba47-1c3b6626282d/shutterstock_89400688.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C121%2C997%2C427&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=43 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/9ff0915d-3c95-4065-ba47-1c3b6626282d/shutterstock_89400688.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C121%2C997%2C427&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=86 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/9ff0915d-3c95-4065-ba47-1c3b6626282d/shutterstock_89400688.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C121%2C997%2C427&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=236 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/9ff0915d-3c95-4065-ba47-1c3b6626282d/shutterstock_89400688.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C121%2C997%2C427&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=471 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/9ff0915d-3c95-4065-ba47-1c3b6626282d/shutterstock_89400688.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C121%2C997%2C427&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=257 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/9ff0915d-3c95-4065-ba47-1c3b6626282d/shutterstock_89400688.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C121%2C997%2C427&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=514 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Access and Affordability</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/topics/investment" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/51f8bd4e-0179-4d08-a9ef-09a3017204f2/Investmenttopicpagecoverimage_Windwillsinthebackgroundwithsolarpanelsattheforeground.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C321%2C1000%2C429&w=600&h=257&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/51f8bd4e-0179-4d08-a9ef-09a3017204f2/Investmenttopicpagecoverimage_Windwillsinthebackgroundwithsolarpanelsattheforeground.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C321%2C1000%2C429&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=43 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/51f8bd4e-0179-4d08-a9ef-09a3017204f2/Investmenttopicpagecoverimage_Windwillsinthebackgroundwithsolarpanelsattheforeground.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C321%2C1000%2C429&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=86 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/51f8bd4e-0179-4d08-a9ef-09a3017204f2/Investmenttopicpagecoverimage_Windwillsinthebackgroundwithsolarpanelsattheforeground.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C321%2C1000%2C429&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=236 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/51f8bd4e-0179-4d08-a9ef-09a3017204f2/Investmenttopicpagecoverimage_Windwillsinthebackgroundwithsolarpanelsattheforeground.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C321%2C1000%2C429&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=472 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/51f8bd4e-0179-4d08-a9ef-09a3017204f2/Investmenttopicpagecoverimage_Windwillsinthebackgroundwithsolarpanelsattheforeground.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C321%2C1000%2C429&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=257 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/51f8bd4e-0179-4d08-a9ef-09a3017204f2/Investmenttopicpagecoverimage_Windwillsinthebackgroundwithsolarpanelsattheforeground.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C321%2C1000%2C429&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=515 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="Investment Topic Page Cover Image Windwills In The Background With Solar Panels At The Foreground" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Investment</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/topics/climate-change" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/a3eea9a7-2f8d-4981-ac9d-6b422f21e029/o3L6pCKwgJY-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C926%2C4938%2C2122&w=600&h=258&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/a3eea9a7-2f8d-4981-ac9d-6b422f21e029/o3L6pCKwgJY-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C926%2C4938%2C2122&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=43 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/a3eea9a7-2f8d-4981-ac9d-6b422f21e029/o3L6pCKwgJY-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C926%2C4938%2C2122&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=86 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/a3eea9a7-2f8d-4981-ac9d-6b422f21e029/o3L6pCKwgJY-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C926%2C4938%2C2122&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=236 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/a3eea9a7-2f8d-4981-ac9d-6b422f21e029/o3L6pCKwgJY-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C926%2C4938%2C2122&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=473 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/a3eea9a7-2f8d-4981-ac9d-6b422f21e029/o3L6pCKwgJY-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C926%2C4938%2C2122&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=258 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/a3eea9a7-2f8d-4981-ac9d-6b422f21e029/o3L6pCKwgJY-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C926%2C4938%2C2122&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=516 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Climate Change</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/topics/cop28-tracking-the-energy-outcomes" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/3762cb4e-2cde-4687-94c9-3a649c1afcb8/shutterstock_1661959885.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C340%2C7318%2C1610&w=600&h=132&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/3762cb4e-2cde-4687-94c9-3a649c1afcb8/shutterstock_1661959885.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C340%2C7318%2C1610&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=22 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/3762cb4e-2cde-4687-94c9-3a649c1afcb8/shutterstock_1661959885.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C340%2C7318%2C1610&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=44 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/3762cb4e-2cde-4687-94c9-3a649c1afcb8/shutterstock_1661959885.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C340%2C7318%2C1610&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=121 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/3762cb4e-2cde-4687-94c9-3a649c1afcb8/shutterstock_1661959885.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C340%2C7318%2C1610&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=242 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/3762cb4e-2cde-4687-94c9-3a649c1afcb8/shutterstock_1661959885.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C340%2C7318%2C1610&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=132 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/3762cb4e-2cde-4687-94c9-3a649c1afcb8/shutterstock_1661959885.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C340%2C7318%2C1610&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=264 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="Photo of planet earth taken from space" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">COP28: Tracking the Energy Outcomes</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/topics/net-zero-emissions" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/7ffdf09a-886f-498d-a356-499941ac03db/Aerialviewofwindturbines.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C166%2C3423%2C1467&w=600&h=257&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/7ffdf09a-886f-498d-a356-499941ac03db/Aerialviewofwindturbines.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C166%2C3423%2C1467&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=43 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/7ffdf09a-886f-498d-a356-499941ac03db/Aerialviewofwindturbines.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C166%2C3423%2C1467&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=86 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/7ffdf09a-886f-498d-a356-499941ac03db/Aerialviewofwindturbines.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C166%2C3423%2C1467&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=236 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/7ffdf09a-886f-498d-a356-499941ac03db/Aerialviewofwindturbines.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C166%2C3423%2C1467&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=471 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/7ffdf09a-886f-498d-a356-499941ac03db/Aerialviewofwindturbines.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C166%2C3423%2C1467&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=257 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/7ffdf09a-886f-498d-a356-499941ac03db/Aerialviewofwindturbines.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C166%2C3423%2C1467&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=514 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="Aerial View Of Wind Turbines" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Net Zero Emissions</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/topics/russias-war-on-ukraine" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/4aadbe0a-78b5-46fc-a567-af32cd8674f2/RussiasWaronUkrainetopicpagecover_AnemptytrainstationinLviv%2CUrkaine.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C760%2C4000%2C1716&w=600&h=257&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/4aadbe0a-78b5-46fc-a567-af32cd8674f2/RussiasWaronUkrainetopicpagecover_AnemptytrainstationinLviv%2CUrkaine.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C760%2C4000%2C1716&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=43 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/4aadbe0a-78b5-46fc-a567-af32cd8674f2/RussiasWaronUkrainetopicpagecover_AnemptytrainstationinLviv%2CUrkaine.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C760%2C4000%2C1716&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=86 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/4aadbe0a-78b5-46fc-a567-af32cd8674f2/RussiasWaronUkrainetopicpagecover_AnemptytrainstationinLviv%2CUrkaine.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C760%2C4000%2C1716&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=236 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/4aadbe0a-78b5-46fc-a567-af32cd8674f2/RussiasWaronUkrainetopicpagecover_AnemptytrainstationinLviv%2CUrkaine.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C760%2C4000%2C1716&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=472 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/4aadbe0a-78b5-46fc-a567-af32cd8674f2/RussiasWaronUkrainetopicpagecover_AnemptytrainstationinLviv%2CUrkaine.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C760%2C4000%2C1716&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=257 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/4aadbe0a-78b5-46fc-a567-af32cd8674f2/RussiasWaronUkrainetopicpagecover_AnemptytrainstationinLviv%2CUrkaine.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C760%2C4000%2C1716&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=515 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="Russias War On Ukraine Topic Page Cover An Empty Train Station In Lviv Urkaine" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Russia's War on Ukraine</p> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__thumbnails-item"> <a href="/topics/energy-and-gender" class="g-nav__thumbnail-link"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/827d6197-2b82-4e62-85de-2c49070eba8a/thisisengineering-X7cls0azgKg-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C1221%2C7952%2C1752&w=600&h=132&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/827d6197-2b82-4e62-85de-2c49070eba8a/thisisengineering-X7cls0azgKg-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C1221%2C7952%2C1752&w=100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=22 100w,https://iea.imgix.net/827d6197-2b82-4e62-85de-2c49070eba8a/thisisengineering-X7cls0azgKg-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C1221%2C7952%2C1752&w=200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=44 200w,https://iea.imgix.net/827d6197-2b82-4e62-85de-2c49070eba8a/thisisengineering-X7cls0azgKg-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C1221%2C7952%2C1752&w=550&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=121 550w,https://iea.imgix.net/827d6197-2b82-4e62-85de-2c49070eba8a/thisisengineering-X7cls0azgKg-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C1221%2C7952%2C1752&w=1100&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=242 1100w,https://iea.imgix.net/827d6197-2b82-4e62-85de-2c49070eba8a/thisisengineering-X7cls0azgKg-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C1221%2C7952%2C1752&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=132 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/827d6197-2b82-4e62-85de-2c49070eba8a/thisisengineering-X7cls0azgKg-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C1221%2C7952%2C1752&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=264 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 100px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 100px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 550px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="Thisisengineering X7cls0azgkg Unsplash" /> <p class="g-nav__thumbnail-title">Energy and Gender</p> </a> </div> </div> <div class="g-nav__menu-thumbnails-list"> <ul> <li class="g-nav__thumbnails-list-item"> <a class="g-nav__thumbnails-list-link" href="/topics/cop28-tracking-the-energy-outcomes" tabindex="-1"> <span>COP28: Tracking the Energy Outcomes</span> <span class="g-nav__thumbnails-list-icon" aria-hidden="true"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--sm-right icon--20"><svg><use xlink:href="#icon--sm-right"></use></svg></span></span> </a> </li> <li class="g-nav__thumbnails-list-item"> <a class="g-nav__thumbnails-list-link" href="/topics/net-zero-emissions" tabindex="-1"> <span>Net Zero Emissions</span> <span class="g-nav__thumbnails-list-icon" aria-hidden="true"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--sm-right icon--20"><svg><use xlink:href="#icon--sm-right"></use></svg></span></span> </a> </li> <li class="g-nav__thumbnails-list-item"> <a class="g-nav__thumbnails-list-link" href="/topics/russias-war-on-ukraine" tabindex="-1"> <span>Russia's War on Ukraine</span> <span class="g-nav__thumbnails-list-icon" aria-hidden="true"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--sm-right icon--20"><svg><use xlink:href="#icon--sm-right"></use></svg></span></span> </a> </li> <li class="g-nav__thumbnails-list-item"> <a class="g-nav__thumbnails-list-link" href="/topics/energy-and-gender" tabindex="-1"> <span>Energy and Gender</span> <span class="g-nav__thumbnails-list-icon" aria-hidden="true"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--sm-right icon--20"><svg><use xlink:href="#icon--sm-right"></use></svg></span></span> </a> </li> <li class="g-nav__thumbnails-list-item"> <a class="g-nav__thumbnails-list-link" href="/topics/energy-and-water" tabindex="-1"> <span>Energy and Water</span> <span class="g-nav__thumbnails-list-icon" aria-hidden="true"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--sm-right icon--20"><svg><use xlink:href="#icon--sm-right"></use></svg></span></span> </a> </li> <li class="g-nav__thumbnails-list-item"> <a class="g-nav__thumbnails-list-link" href="/topics/fossil-fuel-subsidies" tabindex="-1"> <span>Fossil Fuel Subsidies</span> <span class="g-nav__thumbnails-list-icon" aria-hidden="true"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--sm-right icon--20"><svg><use xlink:href="#icon--sm-right"></use></svg></span></span> </a> </li> <li class="g-nav__thumbnails-list-item"> <a class="g-nav__thumbnails-list-link" href="/topics/saving-energy" tabindex="-1"> <span>Saving Energy</span> <span class="g-nav__thumbnails-list-icon" aria-hidden="true"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--sm-right icon--20"><svg><use xlink:href="#icon--sm-right"></use></svg></span></span> </a> </li> <li class="g-nav__thumbnails-list-item"> <a class="g-nav__thumbnails-list-link" href="/topics/global-energy-crisis" tabindex="-1"> <span>Global Energy Crisis</span> <span class="g-nav__thumbnails-list-icon" aria-hidden="true"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--sm-right icon--20"><svg><use xlink:href="#icon--sm-right"></use></svg></span></span> </a> </li> <li class="g-nav__thumbnails-list-item"> <a class="g-nav__thumbnails-list-link" href="/topics/the-ieas-50th-anniversary" tabindex="-1"> <span>The IEA's 50th Anniversary</span> <span class="g-nav__thumbnails-list-icon" aria-hidden="true"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--sm-right icon--20"><svg><use xlink:href="#icon--sm-right"></use></svg></span></span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="g-nav__menu-link"> <a class="a-button-rounded a-button-rounded--soft-accent" href="/topics" data-focus-tabbed > <span class="a-button-rounded__label">All topics</span> <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--circle-arrow icon--20"><svg><use xlink:href="#icon--circle-arrow"></use></svg></span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="g-nav__item"> <a href="/countries" aria-controls="navigation-3" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" data-nav-link>Countries <span class="g-nav__item-chevron"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-down icon--20"><svg><title>Chevron down</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-down"></use></svg></span></span></a> <div class="g-nav__menu" id="navigation-3" role="menu"> <div class="container"> <div class="g-nav__menu-inner"> <div class="g-nav__menu-header"> <span class="g-nav__menu-title">Explore the energy system by country or region</span> </div> <div class="g-nav__menu-list"> <div class="g-nav__menu-links g-nav__menu-links--wide"> <h6 class="g-nav__menu-subtitle f-ui-2-bold">Member countries</h6> <ul> <li> <a href="/countries/australia" class="f-ui-2" tabindex="-1">Australia</a> </li> <li> <a href="/countries/austria" class="f-ui-2" tabindex="-1">Austria</a> </li> <li> <a href="/countries/belgium" class="f-ui-2" tabindex="-1">Belgium</a> </li> <li> <a href="/countries/canada" class="f-ui-2" tabindex="-1">Canada</a> </li> <li> <a href="/countries/czechia" class="f-ui-2" tabindex="-1">Czechia</a> </li> <li> <a href="/countries/denmark" class="f-ui-2" tabindex="-1">Denmark</a> </li> <li> <a href="/countries/estonia" class="f-ui-2" tabindex="-1">Estonia</a> </li> <li> <a href="/countries/finland" class="f-ui-2" tabindex="-1">Finland</a> </li> <li> <a href="/countries/france" class="f-ui-2" tabindex="-1">France</a> </li> <li> <a href="/countries/germany" class="f-ui-2" tabindex="-1">Germany</a> </li> <li> <a href="/countries/greece" class="f-ui-2" tabindex="-1">Greece</a> </li> <li> <a href="/countries/hungary" class="f-ui-2" tabindex="-1">Hungary</a> </li> <li> <a href="/countries/ireland" class="f-ui-2" tabindex="-1">Ireland</a> </li> <li> <a href="/countries/italy" class="f-ui-2" tabindex="-1">Italy</a> </li> <li> <a href="/countries/japan" class="f-ui-2" tabindex="-1">Japan</a> </li> <li> <a href="/countries/korea" class="f-ui-2" tabindex="-1">Korea</a> </li> <li> <a href="/countries/latvia" class="f-ui-2" tabindex="-1">Latvia</a> </li> <li> <a href="/countries/lithuania" class="f-ui-2" tabindex="-1">Lithuania</a> </li> <li> <a href="/countries/luxembourg" class="f-ui-2" tabindex="-1">Luxembourg</a> </li> <li> <a href="/countries/mexico" class="f-ui-2" tabindex="-1">Mexico</a> </li> <li> <a href="/countries/new-zealand" class="f-ui-2" tabindex="-1">New Zealand</a> </li> <li> <a href="/countries/norway" class="f-ui-2" tabindex="-1">Norway</a> </li> <li> <a href="/countries/poland" class="f-ui-2" tabindex="-1">Poland</a> </li> <li> <a href="/countries/portugal" class="f-ui-2" tabindex="-1">Portugal</a> </li> <li> <a href="/countries/slovak-republic" class="f-ui-2" tabindex="-1">Slovak Republic</a> </li> <li> <a href="/countries/spain" class="f-ui-2" tabindex="-1">Spain</a> </li> <li> <a href="/countries/sweden" class="f-ui-2" tabindex="-1">Sweden</a> </li> <li> <a href="/countries/switzerland" class="f-ui-2" tabindex="-1">Switzerland</a> </li> <li> <a href="/countries/the-netherlands" class="f-ui-2" tabindex="-1">The Netherlands</a> </li> <li> <a href="/countries/turkiye" class="f-ui-2" tabindex="-1">Türkiye</a> </li> <li> <a href="/countries/united-kingdom" class="f-ui-2" tabindex="-1">United Kingdom</a> </li> <li> <a href="/countries/united-states" class="f-ui-2" tabindex="-1">United States</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="g-nav__menu-links"> <h6 class="g-nav__menu-subtitle f-ui-2-bold">Accession countries</h6> <ul> <li> <a href="/countries/chile" class="f-ui-2" tabindex="-1">Chile</a> </li> <li> <a href="/countries/colombia" class="f-ui-2" tabindex="-1">Colombia</a> </li> <li> <a href="/countries/costa-rica" class="f-ui-2" tabindex="-1">Costa Rica</a> </li> <li> <a href="/countries/israel" class="f-ui-2" tabindex="-1">Israel</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="g-nav__menu-links"> <h6 class="g-nav__menu-subtitle f-ui-2-bold">Association countries</h6> <ul> <li> <a href="/countries/argentina" class="f-ui-2" tabindex="-1">Argentina</a> </li> <li> <a href="/countries/brazil" class="f-ui-2" tabindex="-1">Brazil</a> </li> <li> <a href="/countries/china" class="f-ui-2" tabindex="-1">China</a> </li> <li> <a href="/countries/egypt" class="f-ui-2" tabindex="-1">Egypt</a> </li> <li> <a href="/countries/india" class="f-ui-2" tabindex="-1">India</a> </li> <li> <a href="/countries/indonesia" class="f-ui-2" tabindex="-1">Indonesia</a> </li> <li> <a href="/countries/kenya" class="f-ui-2" tabindex="-1">Kenya</a> </li> <li> <a href="/countries/morocco" class="f-ui-2" tabindex="-1">Morocco</a> </li> <li> <a href="/countries/senegal" class="f-ui-2" tabindex="-1">Senegal</a> </li> <li> <a href="/countries/singapore" class="f-ui-2" tabindex="-1">Singapore</a> </li> <li> <a href="/countries/south-africa" class="f-ui-2" tabindex="-1">South Africa</a> </li> <li> <a href="/countries/thailand" class="f-ui-2" tabindex="-1">Thailand</a> </li> <li> <a href="/countries/ukraine" class="f-ui-2" tabindex="-1">Ukraine</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="g-nav__menu-link"> <a class="a-button-rounded a-button-rounded--soft-accent" href="/countries" data-focus-tabbed tabindex='-1' > <span class="a-button-rounded__label">All Countries and Regions</span> <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--circle-arrow icon--20"><svg><use xlink:href="#icon--circle-arrow"></use></svg></span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="g-nav__item"> <a href="/data-and-statistics" aria-controls="navigation-4" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" data-nav-link>Data<span class="g-nav__item-chevron"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-down icon--20"><svg><title>Chevron down</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-down"></use></svg></span></span></a> <div class="g-nav__menu" id="navigation-4" role="menu"> <div class="container"> <div class="g-nav__menu-inner"> <div class="g-nav__menu-header"> <span class="g-nav__menu-title">Use, download and buy global energy data</span> </div> <div class="g-nav__cards-data"> <div class="g-nav__cards-data-item"> <a href="/data-and-statistics/data-explorers" class="g-nav__cards-data-link"> <div> <p class="g-nav__cards-data-title">Data explorers</p> <p class="g-nav__cards-data-desc">Understand and manipulate data with easy to use explorers and trackers</p> </div> <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--nav-data-explorers icon--60"><svg><title>Data explorers</title><use xlink:href="#icon--nav-data-explorers"></use></svg></span> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__cards-data-item"> <a href="/data-and-statistics/data-sets" class="g-nav__cards-data-link"> <div> <p class="g-nav__cards-data-title">Data sets</p> <p class="g-nav__cards-data-desc">Free and paid data sets from across the energy system available for download</p> </div> <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--nav-data-sets icon--60"><svg><title>Data sets</title><use xlink:href="#icon--nav-data-sets"></use></svg></span> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__cards-data-item"> <a href="/policies" class="g-nav__cards-data-link"> <div> <p class="g-nav__cards-data-title">Policies database</p> <p class="g-nav__cards-data-desc">Past, existing or planned government policies and measures</p> </div> <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--nav-policies icon--60"><svg><title>Policies database</title><use xlink:href="#icon--nav-policies"></use></svg></span> </a> </div> <div class="g-nav__cards-data-item"> <a href="/data-and-statistics/charts" class="g-nav__cards-data-link"> <div> <p class="g-nav__cards-data-title">Chart Library</p> <p class="g-nav__cards-data-desc">Access every chart published across all IEA reports and analysis</p> </div> <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--nav-chart icon--60"><svg><title>Chart</title><use xlink:href="#icon--nav-chart"></use></svg></span> </a> </div> </div> <div class="g-nav__menu-link"> <a class="a-button-rounded a-button-rounded--soft-accent" href="/data-and-statistics" data-focus-tabbed tabindex='-1' > <span class="a-button-rounded__label">Explore data</span> <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--circle-arrow icon--20"><svg><use xlink:href="#icon--circle-arrow"></use></svg></span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="g-nav__item"> <a href="/analysis?type=report" aria-controls="navigation-5" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" data-nav-link>Reports <span class="g-nav__item-chevron"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-down icon--20"><svg><title>Chevron down</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-down"></use></svg></span></span></a> <div class="g-nav__menu" id="navigation-5" role="menu"> <div class="container"> <div class="g-nav__menu-inner"> <div class="g-nav__menu-header"> <span class="g-nav__menu-title">Read the latest analysis from the IEA</span> </div> <ul class="m-card-listing m-card-listing--nav"> <li class="m-card-listing-item m-card-listing-item--report m-card-listing-item--fuel-report"> <a class="m-card m-card--report-default m-card--report-fuel m-card--report-default" href="/reports/oil-market-report-february-2025" data-behavior="track" data-track-event="select_item" > <div class="m-card__inner"> <div class="m-card__header"> <h2 class="f-title-7 m-card__title">Oil Market Report - February 2025</h2> </div> <div class="m-card__footer"> <p class="m-card__type"> Fuel report — February 2025 </p> </div> </div> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/d8db2a59-f44b-45a4-a27d-876705cafe74/GettyImages-1126422240.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C94%2C2000%2C1335&w=348&h=196&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/d8db2a59-f44b-45a4-a27d-876705cafe74/GettyImages-1126422240.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C94%2C2000%2C1335&w=288&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=162 288w,https://iea.imgix.net/d8db2a59-f44b-45a4-a27d-876705cafe74/GettyImages-1126422240.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C94%2C2000%2C1335&w=576&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=324 576w,https://iea.imgix.net/d8db2a59-f44b-45a4-a27d-876705cafe74/GettyImages-1126422240.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C94%2C2000%2C1335&w=324&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=182 324w,https://iea.imgix.net/d8db2a59-f44b-45a4-a27d-876705cafe74/GettyImages-1126422240.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C94%2C2000%2C1335&w=648&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=365 648w,https://iea.imgix.net/d8db2a59-f44b-45a4-a27d-876705cafe74/GettyImages-1126422240.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C94%2C2000%2C1335&w=348&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=196 348w,https://iea.imgix.net/d8db2a59-f44b-45a4-a27d-876705cafe74/GettyImages-1126422240.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C94%2C2000%2C1335&w=696&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=392 696w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 288px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 324px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 348px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 348px,(min-width: 1480px) 348px" alt="Oil tanker" class="m-card__image" /> </a> </li> <li class="m-card-listing-item m-card-listing-item--report m-card-listing-item--flagship-report"> <a class="m-card m-card--report-flagship m-card--report-flagship m-card--report-default" href="/reports/energy-technology-perspectives-2024" data-behavior="track" data-track-event="select_item" > <div class="m-card__background"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/282850d4-ddb2-43d7-a159-67eb0796ffea/EnergyTechnologyPerspectives2024_GettyImages-1180231170.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=4977%2C628%2C2988%2C4058&w=348&h=473&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/282850d4-ddb2-43d7-a159-67eb0796ffea/EnergyTechnologyPerspectives2024_GettyImages-1180231170.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=4977%2C628%2C2988%2C4058&w=288&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=391 288w,https://iea.imgix.net/282850d4-ddb2-43d7-a159-67eb0796ffea/EnergyTechnologyPerspectives2024_GettyImages-1180231170.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=4977%2C628%2C2988%2C4058&w=576&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=782 576w,https://iea.imgix.net/282850d4-ddb2-43d7-a159-67eb0796ffea/EnergyTechnologyPerspectives2024_GettyImages-1180231170.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=4977%2C628%2C2988%2C4058&w=324&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=440 324w,https://iea.imgix.net/282850d4-ddb2-43d7-a159-67eb0796ffea/EnergyTechnologyPerspectives2024_GettyImages-1180231170.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=4977%2C628%2C2988%2C4058&w=648&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=880 648w,https://iea.imgix.net/282850d4-ddb2-43d7-a159-67eb0796ffea/EnergyTechnologyPerspectives2024_GettyImages-1180231170.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=4977%2C628%2C2988%2C4058&w=348&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=473 348w,https://iea.imgix.net/282850d4-ddb2-43d7-a159-67eb0796ffea/EnergyTechnologyPerspectives2024_GettyImages-1180231170.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=4977%2C628%2C2988%2C4058&w=696&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=945 696w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 288px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 324px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 348px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 348px,(min-width: 1480px) 348px" alt="photo depicts An abstract image of huge network of multi-coloured spheres connected together by blue lines, against a dark background. With selective focus and bokeh." class="" /> </div> <div class="m-card__inner"> <div class="m-card__header"> <h2 class="f-title-7 m-card__title">Energy Technology Perspectives 2024</h2> </div> <div class="m-card__footer"> <p class="m-card__type"> Flagship report — October 2024 </p> </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="m-card-listing-item m-card-listing-item--report m-card-listing-item--flagship-report"> <a class="m-card m-card--report-flagship m-card--report-flagship m-card--report-default" href="/reports/world-energy-outlook-2024" data-behavior="track" data-track-event="select_item" > <div class="m-card__background"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/90a88c3f-e071-4ab0-82e8-f08769f40de4/Imageshowingawaveliquidshapecolorbackground.ArtdesignVectorillustration_GettyImages-1148599351_CMYK.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=599%2C23%2C878%2C1189&w=348&h=471&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/90a88c3f-e071-4ab0-82e8-f08769f40de4/Imageshowingawaveliquidshapecolorbackground.ArtdesignVectorillustration_GettyImages-1148599351_CMYK.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=599%2C23%2C878%2C1189&w=288&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=390 288w,https://iea.imgix.net/90a88c3f-e071-4ab0-82e8-f08769f40de4/Imageshowingawaveliquidshapecolorbackground.ArtdesignVectorillustration_GettyImages-1148599351_CMYK.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=599%2C23%2C878%2C1189&w=576&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=780 576w,https://iea.imgix.net/90a88c3f-e071-4ab0-82e8-f08769f40de4/Imageshowingawaveliquidshapecolorbackground.ArtdesignVectorillustration_GettyImages-1148599351_CMYK.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=599%2C23%2C878%2C1189&w=324&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=439 324w,https://iea.imgix.net/90a88c3f-e071-4ab0-82e8-f08769f40de4/Imageshowingawaveliquidshapecolorbackground.ArtdesignVectorillustration_GettyImages-1148599351_CMYK.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=599%2C23%2C878%2C1189&w=648&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=878 648w,https://iea.imgix.net/90a88c3f-e071-4ab0-82e8-f08769f40de4/Imageshowingawaveliquidshapecolorbackground.ArtdesignVectorillustration_GettyImages-1148599351_CMYK.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=599%2C23%2C878%2C1189&w=348&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=471 348w,https://iea.imgix.net/90a88c3f-e071-4ab0-82e8-f08769f40de4/Imageshowingawaveliquidshapecolorbackground.ArtdesignVectorillustration_GettyImages-1148599351_CMYK.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=599%2C23%2C878%2C1189&w=696&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=943 696w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 288px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 324px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 348px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 348px,(min-width: 1480px) 348px" alt="Image Showing A Wave Liquid Shape Color Background Art Design Vector Illustration Gettyimages 1148599351 Cmyk" class="" /> </div> <div class="m-card__inner"> <div class="m-card__header"> <h2 class="f-title-7 m-card__title">World Energy Outlook 2024</h2> </div> <div class="m-card__footer"> <p class="m-card__type"> Flagship report — October 2024 </p> </div> </div> </a> </li> <li class="m-card-listing-item m-card-listing-item--report m-card-listing-item--flagship-report"> <a class="m-card m-card--report-flagship m-card--report-flagship m-card--report-default" href="/reports/net-zero-roadmap-a-global-pathway-to-keep-the-15-0c-goal-in-reach" data-behavior="track" data-track-event="select_item" > <div class="m-card__background"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/98de3866-3a01-4585-ac42-fb5a1f1cdb60/NetZeroroadmap-2023updat-shutterstock_2207206135.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=2092%2C0%2C1936%2C2627&w=348&h=472&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/98de3866-3a01-4585-ac42-fb5a1f1cdb60/NetZeroroadmap-2023updat-shutterstock_2207206135.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=2092%2C0%2C1936%2C2627&w=288&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=391 288w,https://iea.imgix.net/98de3866-3a01-4585-ac42-fb5a1f1cdb60/NetZeroroadmap-2023updat-shutterstock_2207206135.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=2092%2C0%2C1936%2C2627&w=576&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=782 576w,https://iea.imgix.net/98de3866-3a01-4585-ac42-fb5a1f1cdb60/NetZeroroadmap-2023updat-shutterstock_2207206135.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=2092%2C0%2C1936%2C2627&w=324&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=440 324w,https://iea.imgix.net/98de3866-3a01-4585-ac42-fb5a1f1cdb60/NetZeroroadmap-2023updat-shutterstock_2207206135.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=2092%2C0%2C1936%2C2627&w=648&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=879 648w,https://iea.imgix.net/98de3866-3a01-4585-ac42-fb5a1f1cdb60/NetZeroroadmap-2023updat-shutterstock_2207206135.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=2092%2C0%2C1936%2C2627&w=348&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=472 348w,https://iea.imgix.net/98de3866-3a01-4585-ac42-fb5a1f1cdb60/NetZeroroadmap-2023updat-shutterstock_2207206135.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=2092%2C0%2C1936%2C2627&w=696&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=944 696w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 288px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 324px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 348px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 348px,(min-width: 1480px) 348px" alt="photo depicts an abstract Dune cliff sand with metallic Arches and clean blue cloud sky. Surreal minimal Desert natural landscape background. Scene of Desert with glossy metallic arches geometric design" class="" /> </div> <div class="m-card__inner"> <div class="m-card__header"> <h2 class="f-title-7 m-card__title">Net Zero Roadmap: A Global Pathway to Keep the 1.5 °C Goal in Reach</h2> <p class="f-ui-1 m-card__desc">2023 Update</p> </div> <div class="m-card__footer"> <p class="m-card__type"> Flagship report — September 2023 </p> </div> </div> </a> </li> </ul> <div class="g-nav__menu-link"> <a class="a-button-rounded a-button-rounded--soft-accent" href="/analysis?type=report" data-focus-tabbed tabindex='-1' > <span class="a-button-rounded__label">All reports</span> <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--circle-arrow icon--20"><svg><use xlink:href="#icon--circle-arrow"></use></svg></span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li class="g-nav__tool g-nav__tool--search"> <a href="/search" data-behavior="openSearch"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--search icon--24-25"><svg><title>Search</title><use xlink:href="#icon--search"></use></svg></span> </a> </li> <li class="g-nav__tool g-nav__tool--bag"> <a href="#" data-barba-prevent data-behavior="bagNav track" data-track-event="viewCart" data-track-eventcategory="Purchase" data-track-eventaction="Click 'View cart'" data-track-eventlabel="" data-bagNav-hidden data-bagNav-url="/carts"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--bag icon--24"><svg><title>Bag</title><use xlink:href="#icon--bag"></use></svg></span> <div class="g-nav__tool-bag-quantity"><span data-bagNav-quantity>1</span></div> </a> </li> <li class="g-nav__tool g-nav__tool--user"> <a href="#" class="" data-barba-prevent data-behavior="loggedUser" > <span class="g-nav__user-initials" data-loggedUser-name></span> <span class="g-nav__user-icon"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--user-profile icon--24"><svg><title>User Profile</title><use xlink:href="#icon--user-profile"></use></svg></span> </span> </a> </li> <li class="g-nav__tool g-nav__tool--ham"> <button type="button" data-behavior="openNavMobile"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--ham icon--20-17"><svg><title>Search</title><use xlink:href="#icon--ham"></use></svg></span> </button> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </header> <section class="g-nav-mobile" role="navigation"> <div class="g-nav-mobile__wrapper"> <div class="g-nav-mobile__scroller" data-navMobile-wrapper> </div> </div> </section> <div class="g-nav-mobile__overlay" data-navMobile-overlay></div> <script type="text/template" id="template__nav-mobile"> <div class="g-nav-mobile__header"> <div class="g-nav-mobile__logo"> <a href="/"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--logo icon--80-36"><svg><title>IEA</title><use xlink:href="#icon--logo"></use></svg></span></a> </div> <button type="button" class="g-nav-mobile__back" data-navMobile-back><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-left icon--24"><svg><title>Back</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-left"></use></svg></span></button> <span class="g-nav-mobile__current" data-navMobile-current></span> <button type="button" class="g-nav-mobile__close" data-navMobile-close><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--close-btn icon--17"><svg><title>Close</title><use xlink:href="#icon--close-btn"></use></svg></span></button> </div> <div class="g-nav-mobile__list" role="menubar" data-navMobile-slider> <ul role="menu"> <li role="menuitem" aria-haspopup="true"> <button type="button" class="g-nav-mobile__primary" data-navMobile-btn="Energy system" tabindex="-1"> <span>Energy system</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-right icon--24"><svg><title>Slide</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-right"></use></svg></span> </button> <ul class="g-nav-mobile__level1" role="menu" aria-hidden="true"> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/energy-system" class="g-nav-mobile__link" tabindex="-1">Overview</a> </li> <li role="menuitem" aria-haspopup="true"> <button type="button" class="g-nav-mobile__secondary" data-navMobile-btn="Fossil Fuels" tabindex="-1"> <span>Fossil Fuels</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-right icon--24"><svg><title>Slide</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-right"></use></svg></span> </button> <div class="g-nav-mobile__level2" role="menu" aria-hidden="true"> <ul class="g-nav-mobile__level2-scroll"> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/energy-system/fossil-fuels" class="f-ui-2-bold a-link--accent" tabindex="-1">Explore Fossil Fuels</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/energy-system/fossil-fuels/coal" tabindex="-1">Coal</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/energy-system/fossil-fuels/methane-abatement" tabindex="-1">Methane Abatement</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/energy-system/fossil-fuels/natural-gas" tabindex="-1">Natural Gas</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/energy-system/fossil-fuels/oil" tabindex="-1">Oil</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/energy-system/fossil-fuels/gas-flaring" tabindex="-1">Gas Flaring</a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li role="menuitem" aria-haspopup="true"> <button type="button" class="g-nav-mobile__secondary" data-navMobile-btn="Renewables" tabindex="-1"> <span>Renewables</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-right icon--24"><svg><title>Slide</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-right"></use></svg></span> </button> <div class="g-nav-mobile__level2" role="menu" aria-hidden="true"> <ul class="g-nav-mobile__level2-scroll"> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/energy-system/renewables" class="f-ui-2-bold a-link--accent" tabindex="-1">Explore Renewables</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/energy-system/renewables/solar-pv" tabindex="-1">Solar PV</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/energy-system/renewables/bioenergy" tabindex="-1">Bioenergy</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/energy-system/renewables/wind" tabindex="-1">Wind</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/energy-system/renewables/hydroelectricity" tabindex="-1">Hydroelectricity</a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li role="menuitem" aria-haspopup="true"> <button type="button" class="g-nav-mobile__secondary" data-navMobile-btn="Electricity" tabindex="-1"> <span>Electricity</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-right icon--24"><svg><title>Slide</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-right"></use></svg></span> </button> <div class="g-nav-mobile__level2" role="menu" aria-hidden="true"> <ul class="g-nav-mobile__level2-scroll"> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/energy-system/electricity" class="f-ui-2-bold a-link--accent" tabindex="-1">Explore Electricity</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/energy-system/electricity/electrification" tabindex="-1">Electrification</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/energy-system/electricity/nuclear-power" tabindex="-1">Nuclear Power</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/energy-system/electricity/grid-scale-storage" tabindex="-1">Grid-scale Storage</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/energy-system/electricity/smart-grids" tabindex="-1">Smart Grids</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/energy-system/electricity/renewable-integration" tabindex="-1">Renewable Integration</a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li role="menuitem" aria-haspopup="true"> <button type="button" class="g-nav-mobile__secondary" data-navMobile-btn="Low-Emissions Fuels" tabindex="-1"> <span>Low-Emissions Fuels</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-right icon--24"><svg><title>Slide</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-right"></use></svg></span> </button> <div class="g-nav-mobile__level2" role="menu" aria-hidden="true"> <ul class="g-nav-mobile__level2-scroll"> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/energy-system/low-emissions-fuels" class="f-ui-2-bold a-link--accent" tabindex="-1">Explore Low-Emissions Fuels</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/energy-system/low-emissions-fuels/electrolysers" tabindex="-1">Electrolysers</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/energy-system/low-emissions-fuels/hydrogen" tabindex="-1">Hydrogen</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/energy-system/low-emissions-fuels/biofuels" tabindex="-1">Biofuels</a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li role="menuitem" aria-haspopup="true"> <button type="button" class="g-nav-mobile__secondary" data-navMobile-btn="Transport" tabindex="-1"> <span>Transport</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-right icon--24"><svg><title>Slide</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-right"></use></svg></span> </button> <div class="g-nav-mobile__level2" role="menu" aria-hidden="true"> <ul class="g-nav-mobile__level2-scroll"> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/energy-system/transport" class="f-ui-2-bold a-link--accent" tabindex="-1">Explore Transport</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/energy-system/transport/aviation" tabindex="-1">Aviation</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/energy-system/transport/international-shipping" tabindex="-1">International Shipping</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/energy-system/transport/electric-vehicles" tabindex="-1">Electric Vehicles</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/energy-system/transport/trucks-and-buses" tabindex="-1">Trucks and Buses</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/energy-system/transport/cars-and-vans" tabindex="-1">Cars and Vans</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/energy-system/transport/rail" tabindex="-1">Rail</a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li role="menuitem" aria-haspopup="true"> <button type="button" class="g-nav-mobile__secondary" data-navMobile-btn="Industry" tabindex="-1"> <span>Industry</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-right icon--24"><svg><title>Slide</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-right"></use></svg></span> </button> <div class="g-nav-mobile__level2" role="menu" aria-hidden="true"> <ul class="g-nav-mobile__level2-scroll"> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/energy-system/industry" class="f-ui-2-bold a-link--accent" tabindex="-1">Explore Industry</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/energy-system/industry/steel" tabindex="-1">Steel</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/energy-system/industry/critical-minerals" tabindex="-1">Critical Minerals</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/energy-system/industry/light-industry" tabindex="-1">Light Industry</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/energy-system/industry/aluminium" tabindex="-1">Aluminium</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/energy-system/industry/paper" tabindex="-1">Paper</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/energy-system/industry/chemicals" tabindex="-1">Chemicals</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/energy-system/industry/cement" tabindex="-1">Cement</a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li role="menuitem" aria-haspopup="true"> <button type="button" class="g-nav-mobile__secondary" data-navMobile-btn="Buildings" tabindex="-1"> <span>Buildings</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-right icon--24"><svg><title>Slide</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-right"></use></svg></span> </button> <div class="g-nav-mobile__level2" role="menu" aria-hidden="true"> <ul class="g-nav-mobile__level2-scroll"> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/energy-system/buildings" class="f-ui-2-bold a-link--accent" tabindex="-1">Explore Buildings</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/energy-system/buildings/space-cooling" tabindex="-1">Space Cooling</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/energy-system/buildings/lighting" tabindex="-1">Lighting</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/energy-system/buildings/building-envelopes" tabindex="-1">Building Envelopes</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/energy-system/buildings/heat-pumps" tabindex="-1">Heat Pumps</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/energy-system/buildings/heating" tabindex="-1">Heating</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/energy-system/buildings/data-centres-and-data-transmission-networks" tabindex="-1">Data Centres and Data Transmission Networks</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/energy-system/buildings/district-heating" tabindex="-1">District Heating</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/energy-system/buildings/appliances-and-equipment" tabindex="-1">Appliances and Equipment</a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li role="menuitem" aria-haspopup="true"> <button type="button" class="g-nav-mobile__secondary" data-navMobile-btn="Energy Efficiency and Demand" tabindex="-1"> <span>Energy Efficiency and Demand</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-right icon--24"><svg><title>Slide</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-right"></use></svg></span> </button> <div class="g-nav-mobile__level2" role="menu" aria-hidden="true"> <ul class="g-nav-mobile__level2-scroll"> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/energy-system/energy-efficiency-and-demand" class="f-ui-2-bold a-link--accent" tabindex="-1">Explore Energy Efficiency and Demand</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/energy-system/energy-efficiency-and-demand/behavioural-changes" tabindex="-1">Behavioural Changes</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/energy-system/energy-efficiency-and-demand/energy-efficiency" tabindex="-1">Energy Efficiency</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/energy-system/energy-efficiency-and-demand/demand-response" tabindex="-1">Demand Response</a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li role="menuitem" aria-haspopup="true"> <button type="button" class="g-nav-mobile__secondary" data-navMobile-btn="Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage" tabindex="-1"> <span>Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-right icon--24"><svg><title>Slide</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-right"></use></svg></span> </button> <div class="g-nav-mobile__level2" role="menu" aria-hidden="true"> <ul class="g-nav-mobile__level2-scroll"> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/energy-system/carbon-capture-utilisation-and-storage" class="f-ui-2-bold a-link--accent" tabindex="-1">Explore Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/energy-system/carbon-capture-utilisation-and-storage/bioenergy-with-carbon-capture-and-storage" tabindex="-1">Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/energy-system/carbon-capture-utilisation-and-storage/direct-air-capture" tabindex="-1">Direct Air Capture</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/energy-system/carbon-capture-utilisation-and-storage/co2-capture-and-utilisation" tabindex="-1">CO2 Capture and Utilisation</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/energy-system/carbon-capture-utilisation-and-storage/co2-transport-and-storage" tabindex="-1">CO2 Transport and Storage</a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li role="menuitem" aria-haspopup="true"> <button type="button" class="g-nav-mobile__secondary" data-navMobile-btn="Decarbonisation Enablers" tabindex="-1"> <span>Decarbonisation Enablers</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-right icon--24"><svg><title>Slide</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-right"></use></svg></span> </button> <div class="g-nav-mobile__level2" role="menu" aria-hidden="true"> <ul class="g-nav-mobile__level2-scroll"> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/energy-system/decarbonisation-enablers" class="f-ui-2-bold a-link--accent" tabindex="-1">Explore Decarbonisation Enablers</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/energy-system/decarbonisation-enablers/international-collaboration" tabindex="-1">International Collaboration</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/energy-system/decarbonisation-enablers/digitalisation" tabindex="-1">Digitalisation</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/energy-system/decarbonisation-enablers/innovation" tabindex="-1">Innovation</a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> </li> <li role="menuitem" aria-haspopup="true"> <button type="button" class="g-nav-mobile__primary" data-navMobile-btn="Topics" tabindex="-1"> <span>Topics</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-right icon--24"><svg><title>Slide</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-right"></use></svg></span> </button> <ul class="g-nav-mobile__level1 g-nav-mobile__level1-scroll" role="menu" aria-hidden="true"> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/topics" class="g-nav-mobile__link" tabindex="-1">All topics</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/topics/energy-security" tabindex="-1">Energy Security</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/topics/artificial-intelligence" tabindex="-1">Artificial Intelligence</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/topics/critical-minerals" tabindex="-1">Critical Minerals</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/topics/access-and-affordability" tabindex="-1">Access and Affordability</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/topics/investment" tabindex="-1">Investment</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/topics/climate-change" tabindex="-1">Climate Change</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/topics/cop28-tracking-the-energy-outcomes" tabindex="-1">COP28: Tracking the Energy Outcomes</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/topics/net-zero-emissions" tabindex="-1">Net Zero Emissions</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/topics/russias-war-on-ukraine" tabindex="-1">Russia's War on Ukraine</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/topics/energy-and-gender" tabindex="-1">Energy and Gender</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/topics/energy-and-water" tabindex="-1">Energy and Water</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/topics/fossil-fuel-subsidies" tabindex="-1">Fossil Fuel Subsidies</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/topics/saving-energy" tabindex="-1">Saving Energy</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/topics/global-energy-crisis" tabindex="-1">Global Energy Crisis</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/topics/the-ieas-50th-anniversary" tabindex="-1">The IEA's 50th Anniversary</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li role="menuitem" aria-haspopup="true"> <button type="button" class="g-nav-mobile__primary" data-navMobile-btn="Countries" tabindex="-1"> <span>Countries</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-right icon--24"><svg><title>Slide</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-right"></use></svg></span> </button> <ul class="g-nav-mobile__level1" role="menu" aria-hidden="true"> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/countries" class="g-nav-mobile__link" tabindex="-1">All Countries and Regions</a> </li> <li role="menuitem" aria-haspopup="true"> <button type="button" class="g-nav-mobile__secondary" data-navMobile-btn="Member countries" tabindex="-1"> <span>Member countries</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-right icon--24"><svg><title>Slide</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-right"></use></svg></span> </button> <div class="g-nav-mobile__level2" role="menu" aria-hidden="true"> <ul class="g-nav-mobile__level2-scroll"> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/countries" class="g-nav-mobile__link" tabindex="-1">All countries</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/countries/australia" tabindex="-1">Australia</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/countries/austria" tabindex="-1">Austria</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/countries/belgium" tabindex="-1">Belgium</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/countries/canada" tabindex="-1">Canada</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/countries/czechia" tabindex="-1">Czechia</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/countries/denmark" tabindex="-1">Denmark</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/countries/estonia" tabindex="-1">Estonia</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/countries/finland" tabindex="-1">Finland</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/countries/france" tabindex="-1">France</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/countries/germany" tabindex="-1">Germany</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/countries/greece" tabindex="-1">Greece</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/countries/hungary" tabindex="-1">Hungary</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/countries/ireland" tabindex="-1">Ireland</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/countries/italy" tabindex="-1">Italy</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/countries/japan" tabindex="-1">Japan</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/countries/korea" tabindex="-1">Korea</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/countries/latvia" tabindex="-1">Latvia</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/countries/lithuania" tabindex="-1">Lithuania</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/countries/luxembourg" tabindex="-1">Luxembourg</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/countries/mexico" tabindex="-1">Mexico</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/countries/new-zealand" tabindex="-1">New Zealand</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/countries/norway" tabindex="-1">Norway</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/countries/poland" tabindex="-1">Poland</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/countries/portugal" tabindex="-1">Portugal</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/countries/slovak-republic" tabindex="-1">Slovak Republic</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/countries/spain" tabindex="-1">Spain</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/countries/sweden" tabindex="-1">Sweden</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/countries/switzerland" tabindex="-1">Switzerland</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/countries/the-netherlands" tabindex="-1">The Netherlands</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/countries/turkiye" tabindex="-1">Türkiye</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/countries/united-kingdom" tabindex="-1">United Kingdom</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/countries/united-states" tabindex="-1">United States</a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li role="menuitem" aria-haspopup="true"> <button type="button" class="g-nav-mobile__secondary" data-navMobile-btn="Accession countries" tabindex="-1"> <span>Accession countries</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-right icon--24"><svg><title>Slide</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-right"></use></svg></span> </button> <div class="g-nav-mobile__level2" role="menu" aria-hidden="true"> <ul class="g-nav-mobile__level2-scroll"> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/countries" class="g-nav-mobile__link" tabindex="-1">All countries</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/countries/chile" tabindex="-1">Chile</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/countries/colombia" tabindex="-1">Colombia</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/countries/costa-rica" tabindex="-1">Costa Rica</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/countries/israel" tabindex="-1">Israel</a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> <li role="menuitem" aria-haspopup="true"> <button type="button" class="g-nav-mobile__secondary" data-navMobile-btn="Association countries" tabindex="-1"> <span>Association countries</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-right icon--24"><svg><title>Slide</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-right"></use></svg></span> </button> <div class="g-nav-mobile__level2" role="menu" aria-hidden="true"> <ul class="g-nav-mobile__level2-scroll"> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/countries" class="g-nav-mobile__link" tabindex="-1">All countries</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/countries/argentina" tabindex="-1">Argentina</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/countries/brazil" tabindex="-1">Brazil</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/countries/china" tabindex="-1">China</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/countries/egypt" tabindex="-1">Egypt</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/countries/india" tabindex="-1">India</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/countries/indonesia" tabindex="-1">Indonesia</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/countries/kenya" tabindex="-1">Kenya</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/countries/morocco" tabindex="-1">Morocco</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/countries/senegal" tabindex="-1">Senegal</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/countries/singapore" tabindex="-1">Singapore</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/countries/south-africa" tabindex="-1">South Africa</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/countries/thailand" tabindex="-1">Thailand</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/countries/ukraine" tabindex="-1">Ukraine</a> </li> </ul> </div> </li> </ul> </li> <li role="menuitem" aria-haspopup="true"> <button type="button" class="g-nav-mobile__primary" data-navMobile-btn="Data" tabindex="-1"> <span>Data</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-right icon--24"><svg><title>Slide</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-right"></use></svg></span> </button> <ul class="g-nav-mobile__level1" role="menu" aria-hidden="true"> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/data-and-statistics/data-explorers" class="g-nav-mobile__link" tabindex="-1">All data</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/data-and-statistics/data-explorers" tabindex="-1">Data explorers</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/data-and-statistics/data-sets" tabindex="-1">Data sets</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/policies" tabindex="-1">Policies database</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/data-and-statistics/charts" tabindex="-1">Chart library</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li role="menuitem" aria-haspopup="true"> <button type="button" class="g-nav-mobile__primary" data-navMobile-btn="Reports" tabindex="-1"> <span>Reports</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-right icon--24"><svg><title>Slide</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-right"></use></svg></span> </button> <ul class="g-nav-mobile__level1" role="menu" aria-hidden="true"> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/analysis?type=report" class="g-nav-mobile__link" tabindex="-1">All reports</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/reports/oil-market-report-february-2025" tabindex="-1">Oil Market Report - February 2025</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/reports/energy-technology-perspectives-2024" tabindex="-1">Energy Technology Perspectives 2024</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/reports/world-energy-outlook-2024" tabindex="-1">World Energy Outlook 2024</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/reports/net-zero-roadmap-a-global-pathway-to-keep-the-15-0c-goal-in-reach" tabindex="-1">Net Zero Roadmap: A Global Pathway to Keep the 1.5 °C Goal in Reach</a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul class="g-nav-mobile__footer" role="menu"> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/about" tabindex="-1">About</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/news" tabindex="-1">News</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/events" tabindex="-1">Events</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/programmes" tabindex="-1">Programmes</a> </li> <li role="menuitem"> <a href="/help-centre" tabindex="-1">Help centre</a> </li> </ul> </div> </script> <script type="text/template" id="template__nav-user"> <div class="m-nav-user"> <div class="m-modal m-modal--signed-in" data-modal-signed-in data-modal-dialog tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" aria-labelledby="modal-signed-in" data-behavior="modalDialog" data-modaldialog-id="modal-signed-in" > <div class="m-modal__dialog" role="document"> <div class="m-modal__header"> <h4 class="m-modal__title f-ui-1-bold" id="modal-signed-in">{{username}}</h4> <button type="button" class="m-modal__close" data-modaldialog-close aria-label="Close dialog"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--close-btn icon--20"><svg><title>Close dialog</title><use xlink:href="#icon--close-btn"></use></svg></span> </button> </div> <div class="m-modal__body f-body"> <div class="m-nav-user__generic-wording f-ui-1" data-user-generic> You’re connected through IP recognition to licensed network. </div> <ul> <li class="m-nav-user__link" data-user-nogeneric><a class="a-link a-link--primary " href="/account/licence/products" data-focus-tabbed data-barba-prevent='' target='_self' > <span class="a-link__label">Products</span></a> </li> <li class="m-nav-user__link" data-user-nogeneric><a class="a-link a-link--primary " href="/account/licences" data-focus-tabbed data-barba-prevent='' target='_self' > <span class="a-link__label">Licences</span></a> </li> <li class="m-nav-user__link" data-user-nogeneric><a class="a-link a-link--primary " href="/account/orders" data-focus-tabbed data-barba-prevent='' target='_self' > <span class="a-link__label">Orders</span></a> </li> <li class="m-nav-user__link" data-user-nogeneric><a class="a-link a-link--primary " href="/account/profile" data-focus-tabbed data-barba-prevent='' target='_self' > <span class="a-link__label">Settings</span></a> </li> <div class="m-nav-user__link--border"></div> <li class="m-nav-user__link"><a class="a-link a-link--primary " href="/help-centre" data-focus-tabbed data-barba-prevent='' target='_self' > <span class="a-link__label">Help centre</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--arrow-north-east icon--20"><svg><title>Help centre</title><use xlink:href="#icon--arrow-north-east"></use></svg></span></a> </li> <div class="m-nav-user__link--border" data-user-nogeneric></div> <li class="m-nav-user__link"> <form action="/account/logout" method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="_token" value=""> <button type="submit" class="button-no-margin a-link a-link--accent" data-focus-tabbed="" data-barba-prevent="" tabindex="-1"> <span class="a-link__label">Log out</span> </button> </form> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </script> <div class="m-modal--login"> <section class="m-flyout " data-behavior="flyout" data-flyout-close data-flyout-btn="modal-user" role="dialog" aria-modal="true"> <div class="m-flyout__inner" data-flyout-inner> <header class="m-flyout__header"> <p class="m-flyout__subtitle">Sign In</p> <button class="m-flyout__close" data-flyout-close-btn><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--close icon--24"><svg><title>Flyout close</title><use xlink:href="#icon--close"></use></svg></span></button> </header> <div class="m-flyout__content-wrapper"> <div class="m-flyout__content" data-flyout-content> <div class="m-modal__form"> <div class="m-dotstat-login" data-flyout-dotstatLogin data-dotstat-hidden> <div class="m-dotstat-login__content"> <p class="f-ui-1-bold">You are connecting via IP recognition from <br/> <span data-dotstatLogin-name></span>.</p> <p class="f-ui-1">If you wish to proceed, click on <span class="f-ui-1-bold">Connect</span>.<br/> If you prefer to log into your personal account, please sign in below.</p> <a class="a-button a-button--secondary a-button--full" href="/account/login-by-ip" data-focus-tabbed data-barba-prevent='' > <span class="a-button__label">Connect</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--login icon--20"><svg><title>Connect</title><use xlink:href="#icon--login"></use></svg></span></a> </div> <section class=" m-spacer m-spacer--small " > <div class="m-dotstat-login__separator"> <span class="m-dotstat-login__separator__element">OR</span> </div> </section> </div> <div class=" m-spacer m-spacer--none " > <form class="m-form" data-behavior="form" data-form-no-validate action="/account/login" method="post" > <input type="hidden" name="_token" value=""> <div class="m-form__input m-form__input--small " > <div class="a-input" > <label class="a-input__label f-ui-2" for="input-login-email"><span>Email *</span> </label> <input name="email" required type="email" id="input-login-email" value="" class="a-input__field" placeholder="" > <div data-error-name="email" class="a-input__error a-input__hidden"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--error icon--20"><svg><title>Error</title><use xlink:href="#icon--error"></use></svg></span><span class="a-input__error-name"></span></div> </div> </div> <div class="m-form__input m-form__input--tiny " > <div class="a-input" > <label class="a-input__label f-ui-2" for="input-login-password"><span>Password *</span> <a class="a-link a-link--quaternary " href="/account/password/reset" data-focus-tabbed tabindex='-1' > <span class="a-link__label">Forgot password?</span></a> </label> <input name="password" required type="password" id="input-login-password" value="" class="a-input__field" placeholder="" > <div data-error-name="password" class="a-input__error a-input__hidden"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--error icon--20"><svg><title>Error</title><use xlink:href="#icon--error"></use></svg></span><span class="a-input__error-name"></span></div> </div> </div> <div class="m-form__btn m-form__btn--full m-form__btn--tiny"> <button class="a-button a-button--primary a-button--full" type="submit" data-focus-tabbed data-form-submit-btn='' > <span class="a-button__label">Sign in</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--login icon--24"><svg><title>Sign in</title><use xlink:href="#icon--login"></use></svg></span></button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="m-modal__join"> <h5 class="f-title-7">Create an account</h5> <p class="f-ui-1">Create a free IEA account to download our reports or subcribe to a paid service.</p> <a class="a-button a-button--secondary a-button--full" href="/account/register" data-focus-tabbed data-barba-prevent='' > <span class="a-button__label">Join for free</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--new-user icon--24"><svg><title>Join for free</title><use xlink:href="#icon--new-user"></use></svg></span></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> <script type="text/template" id="template__buy-generic"> <div class="m-buy-generic"> <div class="f-ui-1"> You’re currently connected via IP from <span class="f-ui-1-bold" data-generic-name></span>’s account licensed network. To purchase products, log out and sign into your personal account. </div> <form class="m-buy-generic__form" action="/account/logout" method="post"> <button class="a-button a-button--secondary a-button--full" type="submit" data-focus-tabbed data-focus-tabbed='' data-barba-prevent='' tabindex='-1' > <span class="a-button__label">Log out</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--login icon--20"><svg><title>Log out</title><use xlink:href="#icon--login"></use></svg></span></button> </form> </div> </script> <div data-barba="wrapper" class="page-pjax-wrapper"> <div data-barba="container" class="page-pjax-container" data-barba-namespace="energy-detail"> <div class="m-banner-service s-hidden" data-behavior="bannerService" data-bannerService-media="large+" data-bannerService-scope="global" > <div class="m-banner-service__content"> <h3 class="m-banner-service__title">Important message for WDS users</h3> <p class="m-banner-service__desc"> The IEA has discontinued providing data in the Beyond 2020 format (IVT files and through WDS). Data is now available through the .Stat Data Explorer, which also allows users to export data in Excel and CSV formats. </p> <div class="m-banner-service__link"> <a href="https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/62b2c8b7-8c8a-4285-bec2-503c3bfe515d/IEA-Webstore-User-Instructions-dotStatSuite.pdf">Read documentation</a> </div> <button class="m-banner-service__close" data-bannerService-close> <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--sm-close icon--20"><svg><title>cross</title><use xlink:href="#icon--sm-close"></use></svg></span> </button> </div> </div> <main class="content content--under-nav content--footer-space" id="content" data-main data-behavior="lazyload inViewport"> <header class="o-hero-global"> <div class="o-hero-global__img"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/72642c3c-5c66-40c9-84aa-71f724655b3a/hector-martinez-rUUpyVdSnek-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C3563%2C5141%2C1125&w=1400&h=306&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/72642c3c-5c66-40c9-84aa-71f724655b3a/hector-martinez-rUUpyVdSnek-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C3563%2C5141%2C1125&w=690&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=151 690w,https://iea.imgix.net/72642c3c-5c66-40c9-84aa-71f724655b3a/hector-martinez-rUUpyVdSnek-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C3563%2C5141%2C1125&w=1380&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=302 1380w,https://iea.imgix.net/72642c3c-5c66-40c9-84aa-71f724655b3a/hector-martinez-rUUpyVdSnek-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C3563%2C5141%2C1125&w=800&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=175 800w,https://iea.imgix.net/72642c3c-5c66-40c9-84aa-71f724655b3a/hector-martinez-rUUpyVdSnek-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C3563%2C5141%2C1125&w=1600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=350 1600w,https://iea.imgix.net/72642c3c-5c66-40c9-84aa-71f724655b3a/hector-martinez-rUUpyVdSnek-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C3563%2C5141%2C1125&w=965&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=211 965w,https://iea.imgix.net/72642c3c-5c66-40c9-84aa-71f724655b3a/hector-martinez-rUUpyVdSnek-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C3563%2C5141%2C1125&w=1930&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=422 1930w,https://iea.imgix.net/72642c3c-5c66-40c9-84aa-71f724655b3a/hector-martinez-rUUpyVdSnek-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C3563%2C5141%2C1125&w=1280&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=280 1280w,https://iea.imgix.net/72642c3c-5c66-40c9-84aa-71f724655b3a/hector-martinez-rUUpyVdSnek-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C3563%2C5141%2C1125&w=2560&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=560 2560w,https://iea.imgix.net/72642c3c-5c66-40c9-84aa-71f724655b3a/hector-martinez-rUUpyVdSnek-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C3563%2C5141%2C1125&w=1400&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=306 1400w,https://iea.imgix.net/72642c3c-5c66-40c9-84aa-71f724655b3a/hector-martinez-rUUpyVdSnek-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C3563%2C5141%2C1125&w=2800&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=613 2800w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 690px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 800px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 965px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 1280px,(min-width: 1480px) 1400px" alt="Hector Martinez Ruupyvdsnek Unsplash" data-zoom-out="" /> </div> <div class="container o-hero-global__content"> <h1 class="f-title-2 o-hero-global__title">Energy Efficiency and Demand</h1> <nav class="o-hero-global__breadcrumbs"> <nav class="m-breadcrumbs m-breadcrumbs--inverse m-breadcrumbs--shadow" aria-label="Breadcrumb"> <ol class="m-breadcrumbs__items"> <li class="m-breadcrumbs__item"> <a class="m-breadcrumbs__link f-ui-3" href="/energy-system">Energy system</a> </li> <li class="m-breadcrumbs__item"> <a class="m-breadcrumbs__link f-ui-3" aria-current="page" href="/energy-system/energy-efficiency-and-demand">Energy Efficiency and Demand</a> </li> </ol> </nav> </nav> </div> </header> <nav class="m-nav-page m-nav-page--tabs m-nav-page--w-cta" data-behavior="stickyNav tabs" data-stickynav-offset="60" data-tabs-check-url="true" data-tabs-select-first="true" data-tabs-scroll-update="true" > <div class="m-nav-page__bar "> <div class="container m-nav-page__inner"> <div class="m-nav-page__scroller" data-tabs-scroller> <div class="m-nav-page__ctas"> <nav class="m-nav-page__tabs m-nav-page__tabs--strong"> <a href="#overview" class="m-nav-page__tab " data-tabs-btn > Overview </a> <a href="#programmes" class="m-nav-page__tab " data-tabs-btn > Programmes </a> <span class="m-nav-page__active-tab" data-tabs-status></span> </nav> </div> </div> <div data-buy-generic></div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="m-tab-wrapper" data-stickyNav-tracker> <section class="page__section" id="overview" data-tab-anchor="Overview"> <div class="page__section page__section--padded-b"> <section class="m-energy-questions container"> <div class="m-animation-reveal" data-behavior="animationReveal" > <div class="m-energy-questions__cards"> <div class="m-energy-questions__card"> <div class="m-card-energy-question"> <h3 class="m-card-energy-question__title">What is the role of energy efficiency and demand in clean energy transitions?</h3> <p class="m-card-energy-question__desc"> Energy-efficient technologies slow growth in energy demand and play a vital role in reducing fossil fuel consumption and emissions in all sectors of the economy. For example, more energy-efficient cars, trucks and aircraft reduce oil demand in the transport sector, more efficient steel, cement and chemical manufacturing reduces fossil fuel use in industry, and better insulation and more efficient appliances reduces the electricity and direct fossil fuel consumption of buildings.</p> </div> </div> <div class="m-energy-questions__card"> <div class="m-card-energy-question"> <h3 class="m-card-energy-question__title">Why does it matter for energy security?</h3> <p class="m-card-energy-question__desc"> In response to the global energy crisis, governments are revisiting energy efficiency targets and policies to reflect increased urgency in a focused effort to lower reliance on high-price fossil fuels, protect consumers from high energy bills and reduce dependency on Russian gas in Europe.</p> </div> </div> <div class="m-energy-questions__card"> <div class="m-card-energy-question"> <h3 class="m-card-energy-question__title">Where do we need to go?</h3> <p class="m-card-energy-question__desc"> Efficiency is the single most important measure to avoid energy demand in the Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario, and has been making progress in recent years. However, to get on track with that scenario, the rate of improvement in global energy intensity needs to be much higher than historical rates.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="m-energy-questions__accordions" data-behavior="accordion" data-accordion-forceFirstOpen="1" data-accordion-closeBehavior="custom"> <div class="m-accordion-unity " > <div class="m-accordion-unity__inner"> <h2 class="m-accordion-unity__trigger"> <button data-focus-tabbed aria-expanded="1" data-accordion-trigger aria-controls="what-is-the-role-of-energy-efficiency-and-demand-in-clean-energy-transitions-583dacfc-ed0f-11ef-9def-6045bd192725-content" id="what-is-the-role-of-energy-efficiency-and-demand-in-clean-energy-transitions-583dacfc-ed0f-11ef-9def-6045bd192725"> What is the role of energy efficiency and demand in clean energy transitions? <div class="m-accordion-unity__icon-wrapper"> <div class="m-accordion-unity__icon"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-down icon--20"><svg><title>Chevron down</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-down"></use></svg></span> </div> </div> </button> </h2> </div> <div id="what-is-the-role-of-energy-efficiency-and-demand-in-clean-energy-transitions-583dacfc-ed0f-11ef-9def-6045bd192725-content" class="m-accordion-unity__item" role="region" aria-labelledby="what-is-the-role-of-energy-efficiency-and-demand-in-clean-energy-transitions-583dacfc-ed0f-11ef-9def-6045bd192725" data-accordion-item data-accordion-init="" > <div class="m-accordion-unity__inner"> <div data-accordion-content class="m-accordion-unity__content"> <div class="m-accordion-unity__content-body f-rte"> Energy-efficient technologies slow growth in energy demand and play a vital role in reducing fossil fuel consumption and emissions in all sectors of the economy. For example, more energy-efficient cars, trucks and aircraft reduce oil demand in the transport sector, more efficient steel, cement and chemical manufacturing reduces fossil fuel use in industry, and better insulation and more efficient appliances reduces the electricity and direct fossil fuel consumption of buildings. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="m-accordion-unity " > <div class="m-accordion-unity__inner"> <h2 class="m-accordion-unity__trigger"> <button data-focus-tabbed aria-expanded="" data-accordion-trigger aria-controls="why-does-it-matter-for-energy-security-583db242-ed0f-11ef-beef-6045bd192725-content" id="why-does-it-matter-for-energy-security-583db242-ed0f-11ef-beef-6045bd192725"> Why does it matter for energy security? <div class="m-accordion-unity__icon-wrapper"> <div class="m-accordion-unity__icon"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-down icon--20"><svg><title>Chevron down</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-down"></use></svg></span> </div> </div> </button> </h2> </div> <div id="why-does-it-matter-for-energy-security-583db242-ed0f-11ef-beef-6045bd192725-content" class="m-accordion-unity__item" role="region" aria-labelledby="why-does-it-matter-for-energy-security-583db242-ed0f-11ef-beef-6045bd192725" data-accordion-item > <div class="m-accordion-unity__inner"> <div data-accordion-content class="m-accordion-unity__content"> <div class="m-accordion-unity__content-body f-rte"> In response to the global energy crisis, governments are revisiting energy efficiency targets and policies to reflect increased urgency in a focused effort to lower reliance on high-price fossil fuels, protect consumers from high energy bills and reduce dependency on Russian gas in Europe. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="m-accordion-unity " > <div class="m-accordion-unity__inner"> <h2 class="m-accordion-unity__trigger"> <button data-focus-tabbed aria-expanded="" data-accordion-trigger aria-controls="where-do-we-need-to-go-583db4ea-ed0f-11ef-851c-6045bd192725-content" id="where-do-we-need-to-go-583db4ea-ed0f-11ef-851c-6045bd192725"> Where do we need to go? <div class="m-accordion-unity__icon-wrapper"> <div class="m-accordion-unity__icon"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-down icon--20"><svg><title>Chevron down</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-down"></use></svg></span> </div> </div> </button> </h2> </div> <div id="where-do-we-need-to-go-583db4ea-ed0f-11ef-851c-6045bd192725-content" class="m-accordion-unity__item" role="region" aria-labelledby="where-do-we-need-to-go-583db4ea-ed0f-11ef-851c-6045bd192725" data-accordion-item > <div class="m-accordion-unity__inner"> <div data-accordion-content class="m-accordion-unity__content"> <div class="m-accordion-unity__content-body f-rte"> Efficiency is the single most important measure to avoid energy demand in the Net Zero Emissions by 2050 Scenario, and has been making progress in recent years. However, to get on track with that scenario, the rate of improvement in global energy intensity needs to be much higher than historical rates. </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="m-recirculation-links container"> <header class="m-recirculation-links__header"> <h2 class="m-recirculation-links__title f-title-7">In this sector</h2> </header> <ul class="m-recirculation-links__items"> <li class="m-recirculation-links__item"> <a class="m-recirculation-links__link f-ui-1-bold" href="/energy-system/energy-efficiency-and-demand/behavioural-changes"> <span class="m-recirculation-links__link-title"> Behavioural Changes </span> <span class="m-recirculation-links__link-icon"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-right icon--20"><svg><title>Previous page</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-right"></use></svg></span></span> </a> </li> <li class="m-recirculation-links__item"> <a class="m-recirculation-links__link f-ui-1-bold" href="/energy-system/energy-efficiency-and-demand/energy-efficiency"> <span class="m-recirculation-links__link-title"> Energy Efficiency </span> <span class="m-recirculation-links__link-icon"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-right icon--20"><svg><title>Previous page</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-right"></use></svg></span></span> </a> </li> <li class="m-recirculation-links__item"> <a class="m-recirculation-links__link f-ui-1-bold" href="/energy-system/energy-efficiency-and-demand/demand-response"> <span class="m-recirculation-links__link-title"> Demand Response </span> <span class="m-recirculation-links__link-icon"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-right icon--20"><svg><title>Previous page</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-right"></use></svg></span></span> </a> </li> </ul> </section> </div> </section> <div id="programmes" data-tab-anchor="programmes"> <div class="container"> <header class="m-section-title m-section-title--blue" > <h2 class="m-section-title__title f-title-6 " > Programmes and partnerships </h2> </header> <div class="m-slider m-slider--mobile-nav m-slider--program" data-behavior="slider" data-inViewport-item> <div class="container"> <div class="m-slider__container"> <div class="m-slider__list" data-slider-list role="list"> <div role="listitem" class="m-slider__item"> <a href="/programmes/energy-efficiency-in-emerging-economies" class="m-card-program"> <h3 class="m-card-program__title f-title-9">Energy Efficiency in Emerging Economies</h3> <p class="m-card-program__desc f-ui-1">Supporting emerging economies to leverage the potential of energy efficiency</p> <span class="m-card-program__tag f-ui-3">Programme</span> </a> </div> <div role="listitem" class="m-slider__item"> <a href="/programmes/global-commission-for-urgent-action-on-energy-efficiency" class="m-card-program"> <h3 class="m-card-program__title f-title-9">Global Commission for Urgent Action on Energy Efficiency</h3> <p class="m-card-program__desc f-ui-1">An independent high-level commission established to advance global progress on energy efficiency</p> <span class="m-card-program__tag f-ui-3">Programme</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="a-slider-nav a-slider-nav--slider "> <button class="a-slider-nav__btn a-slider-nav__btn--prev btn" type="button" data-slider-btn-prev><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-left icon--20"><svg><title>Previous slide</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-left"></use></svg></span></button><button class="a-slider-nav__btn a-slider-nav__btn--next btn" type="button" data-slider-btn-next><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-right icon--20"><svg><title>Next slide</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-right"></use></svg></span></button> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="page__section"> <div class="m-animation-reveal" data-behavior="animationReveal" > <div class="m-must-read-report container m-must-read-report--report "> <div class="m-must-read-report__content"> <div class="m-must-read-report__col"> <h3 class="m-must-read-report__title">The Evolution of Energy Efficiency Policy to Support Clean Energy Transitions</h3> <p class="m-must-read-report__desc"> Using energy more efficiently has proven to be an extremely successful and cost-effective way to reduce energy demand. Highly developed and well proven policy instruments already exist to deliver increased energy efficiency, such as Ecodesign in Europe and Japan’s Top Runner. These policy tools can also support fuel switching and better demand management, helping to integrate higher volumes of variable electricity supply.</p> <div class="m-must-read-report__link"> <a class="a-button-rounded a-button-rounded--weak a-button-rounded--overlay" href="/reports/the-evolution-of-energy-efficiency-policy-to-support-clean-energy-transitions" data-focus-tabbed > <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--show-password icon--24"><svg><use xlink:href="#icon--show-password"></use></svg></span> <span class="a-button-rounded__label">Read more</span> </a> </div> </div> <div class="m-must-read-report__col-report"> <div class="m-must-read-report__report"> <a class="m-card m-card-- m-card--report-policy m-card--report-default" href="/reports/the-evolution-of-energy-efficiency-policy-to-support-clean-energy-transitions" data-behavior="track" data-track-event="select_item" > <div class="m-card__inner"> <div class="m-card__header"> <h2 class="f-title-7 m-card__title">The Evolution of Energy Efficiency Policy to Support Clean Energy Transitions</h2> </div> <div class="m-card__footer"> <p class="m-card__type"> Policy report — December 2023 </p> </div> </div> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/0781167c-fae6-4f15-87d9-aefcbe709673/CoverofTheEvolutionofEnergyEfficiencyPolicytoSupportCleanEnergyTransitions_shutterstock_2371988751.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=549%2C0%2C4389%2C2925&w=348&h=196&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/0781167c-fae6-4f15-87d9-aefcbe709673/CoverofTheEvolutionofEnergyEfficiencyPolicytoSupportCleanEnergyTransitions_shutterstock_2371988751.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=549%2C0%2C4389%2C2925&w=288&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=162 288w,https://iea.imgix.net/0781167c-fae6-4f15-87d9-aefcbe709673/CoverofTheEvolutionofEnergyEfficiencyPolicytoSupportCleanEnergyTransitions_shutterstock_2371988751.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=549%2C0%2C4389%2C2925&w=576&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=324 576w,https://iea.imgix.net/0781167c-fae6-4f15-87d9-aefcbe709673/CoverofTheEvolutionofEnergyEfficiencyPolicytoSupportCleanEnergyTransitions_shutterstock_2371988751.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=549%2C0%2C4389%2C2925&w=324&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=182 324w,https://iea.imgix.net/0781167c-fae6-4f15-87d9-aefcbe709673/CoverofTheEvolutionofEnergyEfficiencyPolicytoSupportCleanEnergyTransitions_shutterstock_2371988751.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=549%2C0%2C4389%2C2925&w=648&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=365 648w,https://iea.imgix.net/0781167c-fae6-4f15-87d9-aefcbe709673/CoverofTheEvolutionofEnergyEfficiencyPolicytoSupportCleanEnergyTransitions_shutterstock_2371988751.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=549%2C0%2C4389%2C2925&w=348&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=196 348w,https://iea.imgix.net/0781167c-fae6-4f15-87d9-aefcbe709673/CoverofTheEvolutionofEnergyEfficiencyPolicytoSupportCleanEnergyTransitions_shutterstock_2371988751.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=549%2C0%2C4389%2C2925&w=696&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=392 696w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 288px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 324px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 348px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 348px,(min-width: 1480px) 348px" alt="Cover Of The Evolution Of Energy Efficiency Policy To Support Clean Energy Transitions Shutterstock 2371988751" class="m-card__image" /> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <footer class="g-footer"> <div class="g-footer-section"> <div class="container"> <section class="m-related-content container" data-behavior="slider" data-slider-related-content> <header class="m-section-title m-section-title--" > <h2 class="m-section-title__title f-title-6 " > Related content </h2> <div class="m-section-title__link"> <div class="m-related-content__hero"> <ul class="m-slider__filter" data-slider-filterbar> <button class="a-button a-button--anchor-strong s-active" type="button" data-focus-tabbed data-slider-filter='' > <span class="a-button__label">All</span></button> <button class="a-button a-button--anchor-strong" type="button" data-focus-tabbed data-slider-filter='datatool' > <span class="a-button__label">Data</span></button> <button class="a-button a-button--anchor-strong" type="button" data-focus-tabbed data-slider-filter='report' > <span class="a-button__label">Reports</span></button> <button class="a-button a-button--anchor-strong" type="button" data-focus-tabbed data-slider-filter='news' > <span class="a-button__label">News and commentaries</span></button> </ul> <div class="m-related-content__hero-all-results"> <a class="a-link-icon a-link-icon--secondary" href="/search?q=Energy%20Efficiency%20and%20Demand" target="_self" data-focus-tabbed > <span>All results</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--circle-arrow icon--20"><svg><title>circle-arrow</title><use xlink:href="#icon--circle-arrow"></use></svg></span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="m-explore-more__slider m-slider m-slider--related-content" data-inViewport-item> <div class="container"> <div class="m-slider__container"> <div class="m-slider__list" data-slider-list role="list"> <div class="m-slider__item m-related-content__item" data-slider-filter-cell="" data-slider-type="news" > <a class="m-card m-card-- m-card--report-" href="/news/iea-to-hold-major-global-conference-on-energy-efficiency-in-brussels-in-june-2025" data-behavior="track" data-track-event="select_item" > <div class="m-card__inner"> <div class="m-card__header"> <h2 class="f-title-7 m-card__title">IEA to hold major Global Conference on Energy Efficiency in Brussels in June 2025</h2> </div> <div class="m-card__footer"> <p class="m-card__type"> News — 16 December 2024 </p> </div> </div> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/abb58c60-145c-4f14-9864-f5876dc864e6/shutterstock_1765983734.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C768%2C8256%2C4646&w=348&h=196&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/abb58c60-145c-4f14-9864-f5876dc864e6/shutterstock_1765983734.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C768%2C8256%2C4646&w=288&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=162 288w,https://iea.imgix.net/abb58c60-145c-4f14-9864-f5876dc864e6/shutterstock_1765983734.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C768%2C8256%2C4646&w=576&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=324 576w,https://iea.imgix.net/abb58c60-145c-4f14-9864-f5876dc864e6/shutterstock_1765983734.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C768%2C8256%2C4646&w=324&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=182 324w,https://iea.imgix.net/abb58c60-145c-4f14-9864-f5876dc864e6/shutterstock_1765983734.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C768%2C8256%2C4646&w=648&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=365 648w,https://iea.imgix.net/abb58c60-145c-4f14-9864-f5876dc864e6/shutterstock_1765983734.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C768%2C8256%2C4646&w=348&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=196 348w,https://iea.imgix.net/abb58c60-145c-4f14-9864-f5876dc864e6/shutterstock_1765983734.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C768%2C8256%2C4646&w=696&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=392 696w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 288px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 324px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 348px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 348px,(min-width: 1480px) 348px" alt="Brussels, Belgium, urban landscape at the Palace of Justice at dusk" class="m-card__image" /> </a> </div> <div class="m-slider__item m-related-content__item" data-slider-filter-cell="" data-slider-type="report" > <a class="m-card m-card-- m-card--report-fuel m-card--report-default" href="/reports/energy-efficiency-2024" data-behavior="track" data-track-event="select_item" > <div class="m-card__inner"> <div class="m-card__header"> <h2 class="f-title-7 m-card__title">Energy Efficiency 2024</h2> </div> <div class="m-card__footer"> <p class="m-card__type"> Fuel report — November 2024 </p> </div> </div> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/ea67d7c5-0f05-43fb-b6f3-743c420d33ad/Constructionworkersinstallinginsulationandroofpanels_USA_shutterstock_1929213377.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=28%2C33%2C3465%2C2309&w=348&h=196&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/ea67d7c5-0f05-43fb-b6f3-743c420d33ad/Constructionworkersinstallinginsulationandroofpanels_USA_shutterstock_1929213377.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=28%2C33%2C3465%2C2309&w=288&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=162 288w,https://iea.imgix.net/ea67d7c5-0f05-43fb-b6f3-743c420d33ad/Constructionworkersinstallinginsulationandroofpanels_USA_shutterstock_1929213377.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=28%2C33%2C3465%2C2309&w=576&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=324 576w,https://iea.imgix.net/ea67d7c5-0f05-43fb-b6f3-743c420d33ad/Constructionworkersinstallinginsulationandroofpanels_USA_shutterstock_1929213377.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=28%2C33%2C3465%2C2309&w=324&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=182 324w,https://iea.imgix.net/ea67d7c5-0f05-43fb-b6f3-743c420d33ad/Constructionworkersinstallinginsulationandroofpanels_USA_shutterstock_1929213377.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=28%2C33%2C3465%2C2309&w=648&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=365 648w,https://iea.imgix.net/ea67d7c5-0f05-43fb-b6f3-743c420d33ad/Constructionworkersinstallinginsulationandroofpanels_USA_shutterstock_1929213377.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=28%2C33%2C3465%2C2309&w=348&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=196 348w,https://iea.imgix.net/ea67d7c5-0f05-43fb-b6f3-743c420d33ad/Constructionworkersinstallinginsulationandroofpanels_USA_shutterstock_1929213377.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=28%2C33%2C3465%2C2309&w=696&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=392 696w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 288px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 324px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 348px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 348px,(min-width: 1480px) 348px" alt="Construction Workers Installing Insulation And Roof Panels Usa Shutterstock 1929213377" class="m-card__image" /> </a> </div> <div class="m-slider__item m-related-content__item" data-slider-filter-cell="" data-slider-type="datatool" > <a class="m-card m-card--data-explorer" href="/data-and-statistics/data-tools/etp-clean-energy-technology-guide" data-behavior="track" data-track-event="select_item" > <div class="m-card__inner"> <div class="m-card__header"> <h2 class="m-card__title">ETP Clean Energy Technology Guide</h2> <p class="m-card__desc">Interactive database of nearly 600 individual technology designs and components across the whole energy system that contribute to achieving the goal of net-zero emissions</p> </div> <div class="m-card__footer"> <p class="m-card__type m-card__type--data">Data explorer</p> </div> <div class="m-card__icon"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--data-explorer icon--99"><svg><title>card data set</title><use xlink:href="#icon--data-explorer"></use></svg></span> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="m-slider__item m-related-content__item" data-slider-filter-cell="" data-slider-type="datatool" > <a class="m-card m-card--data-explorer" href="/data-and-statistics/data-tools/clean-energy-demonstration-projects-database" data-behavior="track" data-track-event="select_item" > <div class="m-card__inner"> <div class="m-card__header"> <h2 class="m-card__title">Clean Energy Demonstration Projects Database</h2> <p class="m-card__desc">The most comprehensive database of clean energy technology demonstrators</p> </div> <div class="m-card__footer"> <p class="m-card__type m-card__type--data">Data explorer</p> </div> <div class="m-card__icon"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--data-explorer icon--99"><svg><title>card data set</title><use xlink:href="#icon--data-explorer"></use></svg></span> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="m-slider__item m-related-content__item" data-slider-filter-cell="" data-slider-type="datatool" > <a class="m-card m-card--data-explorer" href="/data-and-statistics/data-tools/energy-policy-inventory" data-behavior="track" data-track-event="select_item" > <div class="m-card__inner"> <div class="m-card__header"> <h2 class="m-card__title">Energy Policy Inventory</h2> <p class="m-card__desc">A snapshot of global energy policies tracking over 5 000 policies in 50 G20 and IEA Family countries</p> </div> <div class="m-card__footer"> <p class="m-card__type m-card__type--data">Data explorer</p> </div> <div class="m-card__icon"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--data-explorer icon--99"><svg><title>card data set</title><use xlink:href="#icon--data-explorer"></use></svg></span> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="m-slider__item m-related-content__item" data-slider-filter-cell="" data-slider-type="news" > <a class="m-card m-card-- m-card--report-" href="/commentaries/islands-need-resilient-power-systems-more-than-ever-clean-energy-can-deliver" data-behavior="track" data-track-event="select_item" > <div class="m-card__inner"> <div class="m-card__header"> <h2 class="f-title-7 m-card__title">Islands need resilient power systems more than ever. Clean energy can deliver</h2> </div> <div class="m-card__footer"> <div class="m-card__authors"> <span class="m-author-avatars__imgs"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/1f643280-d276-45a8-9623-cb503fb71409/EmiBertoli.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=56%2C0%2C398%2C398&w=60&h=60&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" width="40" height="40" alt="Emi Bertoli" /> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/473e87b8-b7a1-48e8-b3da-15703a4bda2c/SilviaLaera.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=%2C%2C%2C&w=60&h=60&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" width="40" height="40" alt="Silvia Laera" /> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/fc733379-7490-40c0-843b-e28c75963313/FlorianVanDedem.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C960%2C960&w=60&h=60&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" width="40" height="40" alt="Floris van Dedem" /> </span> </div> <p class="m-card__type"> Commentary — 12 July 2024 </p> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="m-slider__item m-related-content__item" data-slider-filter-cell="" data-slider-type="report" > <a class="m-card m-card-- m-card--report-default m-card--report-default" href="/reports/energy-efficiency-policy-toolkit-2024" data-behavior="track" data-track-event="select_item" > <div class="m-card__inner"> <div class="m-card__header"> <h2 class="f-title-7 m-card__title">Energy Efficiency Policy Toolkit 2024</h2> <p class="f-ui-1 m-card__desc">From Versailles to Nairobi</p> </div> <div class="m-card__footer"> <p class="m-card__type"> Report — May 2024 </p> </div> </div> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/3024c1d2-c069-45d7-9637-767dc01841f9/Aerialviewofabuildingconstructionsitewithalargecrane_shutterstock_2285931823.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=383%2C0%2C4601%2C3070&w=348&h=196&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/3024c1d2-c069-45d7-9637-767dc01841f9/Aerialviewofabuildingconstructionsitewithalargecrane_shutterstock_2285931823.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=383%2C0%2C4601%2C3070&w=288&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=162 288w,https://iea.imgix.net/3024c1d2-c069-45d7-9637-767dc01841f9/Aerialviewofabuildingconstructionsitewithalargecrane_shutterstock_2285931823.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=383%2C0%2C4601%2C3070&w=576&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=324 576w,https://iea.imgix.net/3024c1d2-c069-45d7-9637-767dc01841f9/Aerialviewofabuildingconstructionsitewithalargecrane_shutterstock_2285931823.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=383%2C0%2C4601%2C3070&w=324&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=182 324w,https://iea.imgix.net/3024c1d2-c069-45d7-9637-767dc01841f9/Aerialviewofabuildingconstructionsitewithalargecrane_shutterstock_2285931823.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=383%2C0%2C4601%2C3070&w=648&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=365 648w,https://iea.imgix.net/3024c1d2-c069-45d7-9637-767dc01841f9/Aerialviewofabuildingconstructionsitewithalargecrane_shutterstock_2285931823.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=383%2C0%2C4601%2C3070&w=348&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=196 348w,https://iea.imgix.net/3024c1d2-c069-45d7-9637-767dc01841f9/Aerialviewofabuildingconstructionsitewithalargecrane_shutterstock_2285931823.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=383%2C0%2C4601%2C3070&w=696&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=392 696w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 288px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 324px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 348px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 348px,(min-width: 1480px) 348px" alt="Aerial View Of A Building Construction Site With A Large Crane Shutterstock 2285931823" class="m-card__image" /> </a> </div> <div class="m-slider__item m-related-content__item" data-slider-filter-cell="" data-slider-type="news" > <a class="m-card m-card-- m-card--report-" href="/news/g7-ministers-draw-on-wide-range-of-iea-recommendations-to-strengthen-energy-security-and-accelerate-clean-energy-transitions" data-behavior="track" data-track-event="select_item" > <div class="m-card__inner"> <div class="m-card__header"> <h2 class="f-title-7 m-card__title">G7 ministers draw on wide range of IEA recommendations to strengthen energy security and accelerate clean energy transitions</h2> </div> <div class="m-card__footer"> <p class="m-card__type"> News — 30 April 2024 </p> </div> </div> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/0c81e2c8-fb96-48bb-8a38-dd921560a482/MicrosoftTeams-image493.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C83%2C2000%2C1125&w=348&h=196&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/0c81e2c8-fb96-48bb-8a38-dd921560a482/MicrosoftTeams-image493.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C83%2C2000%2C1125&w=288&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=162 288w,https://iea.imgix.net/0c81e2c8-fb96-48bb-8a38-dd921560a482/MicrosoftTeams-image493.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C83%2C2000%2C1125&w=576&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=324 576w,https://iea.imgix.net/0c81e2c8-fb96-48bb-8a38-dd921560a482/MicrosoftTeams-image493.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C83%2C2000%2C1125&w=324&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=182 324w,https://iea.imgix.net/0c81e2c8-fb96-48bb-8a38-dd921560a482/MicrosoftTeams-image493.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C83%2C2000%2C1125&w=648&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=365 648w,https://iea.imgix.net/0c81e2c8-fb96-48bb-8a38-dd921560a482/MicrosoftTeams-image493.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C83%2C2000%2C1125&w=348&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=196 348w,https://iea.imgix.net/0c81e2c8-fb96-48bb-8a38-dd921560a482/MicrosoftTeams-image493.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C83%2C2000%2C1125&w=696&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=392 696w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 288px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 324px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 348px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 348px,(min-width: 1480px) 348px" alt="G7 Ministerial in Turin" class="m-card__image" /> </a> </div> <div class="m-slider__item m-related-content__item" data-slider-filter-cell="" data-slider-type="datatool" > <a class="m-card m-card--data-explorer" href="/data-and-statistics/data-tools/energy-statistics-data-browser" data-behavior="track" data-track-event="select_item" > <div class="m-card__inner"> <div class="m-card__header"> <h2 class="m-card__title">Energy Statistics Data Browser</h2> <p class="m-card__desc">The most extensive selection of IEA statistics with charts and tables on 16 energy topics for over 170 countries and regions</p> </div> <div class="m-card__footer"> <p class="m-card__type m-card__type--data">Data explorer</p> </div> <div class="m-card__icon"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--data-explorer icon--99"><svg><title>card data set</title><use xlink:href="#icon--data-explorer"></use></svg></span> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="m-slider__item m-related-content__item" data-slider-filter-cell="" data-slider-type="news" > <a class="m-card m-card-- m-card--report-" href="/news/iea-assessment-of-the-evolving-pledges-at-cop28" data-behavior="track" data-track-event="select_item" > <div class="m-card__inner"> <div class="m-card__header"> <h2 class="f-title-7 m-card__title">IEA assessment of the evolving pledges at COP28</h2> </div> <div class="m-card__footer"> <p class="m-card__type"> News — 10 December 2023 </p> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="m-slider__item m-related-content__item" data-slider-filter-cell="" data-slider-type="report" > <a class="m-card m-card-- m-card--report-policy m-card--report-default" href="/reports/the-evolution-of-energy-efficiency-policy-to-support-clean-energy-transitions" data-behavior="track" data-track-event="select_item" > <div class="m-card__inner"> <div class="m-card__header"> <h2 class="f-title-7 m-card__title">The Evolution of Energy Efficiency Policy to Support Clean Energy Transitions</h2> </div> <div class="m-card__footer"> <p class="m-card__type"> Policy report — December 2023 </p> </div> </div> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/0781167c-fae6-4f15-87d9-aefcbe709673/CoverofTheEvolutionofEnergyEfficiencyPolicytoSupportCleanEnergyTransitions_shutterstock_2371988751.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=549%2C0%2C4389%2C2925&w=348&h=196&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/0781167c-fae6-4f15-87d9-aefcbe709673/CoverofTheEvolutionofEnergyEfficiencyPolicytoSupportCleanEnergyTransitions_shutterstock_2371988751.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=549%2C0%2C4389%2C2925&w=288&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=162 288w,https://iea.imgix.net/0781167c-fae6-4f15-87d9-aefcbe709673/CoverofTheEvolutionofEnergyEfficiencyPolicytoSupportCleanEnergyTransitions_shutterstock_2371988751.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=549%2C0%2C4389%2C2925&w=576&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=324 576w,https://iea.imgix.net/0781167c-fae6-4f15-87d9-aefcbe709673/CoverofTheEvolutionofEnergyEfficiencyPolicytoSupportCleanEnergyTransitions_shutterstock_2371988751.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=549%2C0%2C4389%2C2925&w=324&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=182 324w,https://iea.imgix.net/0781167c-fae6-4f15-87d9-aefcbe709673/CoverofTheEvolutionofEnergyEfficiencyPolicytoSupportCleanEnergyTransitions_shutterstock_2371988751.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=549%2C0%2C4389%2C2925&w=648&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=365 648w,https://iea.imgix.net/0781167c-fae6-4f15-87d9-aefcbe709673/CoverofTheEvolutionofEnergyEfficiencyPolicytoSupportCleanEnergyTransitions_shutterstock_2371988751.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=549%2C0%2C4389%2C2925&w=348&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=196 348w,https://iea.imgix.net/0781167c-fae6-4f15-87d9-aefcbe709673/CoverofTheEvolutionofEnergyEfficiencyPolicytoSupportCleanEnergyTransitions_shutterstock_2371988751.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=549%2C0%2C4389%2C2925&w=696&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=392 696w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 288px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 324px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 348px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 348px,(min-width: 1480px) 348px" alt="Cover Of The Evolution Of Energy Efficiency Policy To Support Clean Energy Transitions Shutterstock 2371988751" class="m-card__image" /> </a> </div> <div class="m-slider__item m-related-content__item" data-slider-filter-cell="" data-slider-type="report" > <a class="m-card m-card-- m-card--report-fuel m-card--report-default" href="/reports/energy-efficiency-2023" data-behavior="track" data-track-event="select_item" > <div class="m-card__inner"> <div class="m-card__header"> <h2 class="f-title-7 m-card__title">Energy Efficiency 2023</h2> </div> <div class="m-card__footer"> <p class="m-card__type"> Fuel report — November 2023 </p> </div> </div> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/07940521-ba1c-4673-a2e4-81adc919aa1f/EnergyEfficiency2023_Shutterstock222030145.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=2786%2C612%2C1690%2C1127&w=348&h=196&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/07940521-ba1c-4673-a2e4-81adc919aa1f/EnergyEfficiency2023_Shutterstock222030145.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=2786%2C612%2C1690%2C1127&w=288&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=162 288w,https://iea.imgix.net/07940521-ba1c-4673-a2e4-81adc919aa1f/EnergyEfficiency2023_Shutterstock222030145.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=2786%2C612%2C1690%2C1127&w=576&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=324 576w,https://iea.imgix.net/07940521-ba1c-4673-a2e4-81adc919aa1f/EnergyEfficiency2023_Shutterstock222030145.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=2786%2C612%2C1690%2C1127&w=324&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=182 324w,https://iea.imgix.net/07940521-ba1c-4673-a2e4-81adc919aa1f/EnergyEfficiency2023_Shutterstock222030145.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=2786%2C612%2C1690%2C1127&w=648&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=365 648w,https://iea.imgix.net/07940521-ba1c-4673-a2e4-81adc919aa1f/EnergyEfficiency2023_Shutterstock222030145.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=2786%2C612%2C1690%2C1127&w=348&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=196 348w,https://iea.imgix.net/07940521-ba1c-4673-a2e4-81adc919aa1f/EnergyEfficiency2023_Shutterstock222030145.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=2786%2C612%2C1690%2C1127&w=696&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=392 696w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 288px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 324px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 348px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 348px,(min-width: 1480px) 348px" alt="The photo depicts Sunrise over modern office buildings in business district center of Bangkok. Skyline view of cityscape with sunlight and flare in warm light color tone. Construction business concept" class="m-card__image" /> </a> </div> <div class="m-slider__item m-related-content__item" data-slider-filter-cell="" data-slider-type="report" > <a class="m-card m-card--report-flagship m-card--report-flagship m-card--report-default" href="/reports/tracking-clean-energy-progress-2023" data-behavior="track" data-track-event="select_item" > <div class="m-card__background"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/ef102ead-56b8-4d4e-9074-fdc430f01d31/mitchell-griest-MbG0QHEfqqQ-unsplash1.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C2081%2C2832&w=348&h=474&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/ef102ead-56b8-4d4e-9074-fdc430f01d31/mitchell-griest-MbG0QHEfqqQ-unsplash1.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C2081%2C2832&w=288&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=392 288w,https://iea.imgix.net/ef102ead-56b8-4d4e-9074-fdc430f01d31/mitchell-griest-MbG0QHEfqqQ-unsplash1.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C2081%2C2832&w=576&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=784 576w,https://iea.imgix.net/ef102ead-56b8-4d4e-9074-fdc430f01d31/mitchell-griest-MbG0QHEfqqQ-unsplash1.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C2081%2C2832&w=324&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=441 324w,https://iea.imgix.net/ef102ead-56b8-4d4e-9074-fdc430f01d31/mitchell-griest-MbG0QHEfqqQ-unsplash1.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C2081%2C2832&w=648&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=882 648w,https://iea.imgix.net/ef102ead-56b8-4d4e-9074-fdc430f01d31/mitchell-griest-MbG0QHEfqqQ-unsplash1.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C2081%2C2832&w=348&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=474 348w,https://iea.imgix.net/ef102ead-56b8-4d4e-9074-fdc430f01d31/mitchell-griest-MbG0QHEfqqQ-unsplash1.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C2081%2C2832&w=696&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=947 696w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 288px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 324px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 348px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 348px,(min-width: 1480px) 348px" alt="TCEP" class="" /> </div> <div class="m-card__inner"> <div class="m-card__header"> <h2 class="f-title-7 m-card__title">Tracking Clean Energy Progress 2023</h2> <p class="f-ui-1 m-card__desc">Assessing critical energy technologies for global clean energy transitions</p> </div> <div class="m-card__footer"> <p class="m-card__type"> Flagship report — July 2023 </p> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="m-slider__item m-related-content__item" data-slider-filter-cell="" data-slider-type="report" > <a class="m-card m-card-- m-card--report-default m-card--report-default" href="/reports/energy-efficiency-the-decade-for-action" data-behavior="track" data-track-event="select_item" > <div class="m-card__inner"> <div class="m-card__header"> <h2 class="f-title-7 m-card__title">Energy Efficiency: The Decade for Action</h2> <p class="f-ui-1 m-card__desc">The IEA's 8th Annual Global Conference on Energy Efficiency</p> </div> <div class="m-card__footer"> <p class="m-card__type"> Report — June 2023 </p> </div> </div> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/6760b094-611e-4800-89b8-971e007ee119/Aviewofefficientbuildings.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=830%2C0%2C4980%2C3320&w=348&h=196&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/6760b094-611e-4800-89b8-971e007ee119/Aviewofefficientbuildings.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=830%2C0%2C4980%2C3320&w=288&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=162 288w,https://iea.imgix.net/6760b094-611e-4800-89b8-971e007ee119/Aviewofefficientbuildings.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=830%2C0%2C4980%2C3320&w=576&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=324 576w,https://iea.imgix.net/6760b094-611e-4800-89b8-971e007ee119/Aviewofefficientbuildings.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=830%2C0%2C4980%2C3320&w=324&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=182 324w,https://iea.imgix.net/6760b094-611e-4800-89b8-971e007ee119/Aviewofefficientbuildings.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=830%2C0%2C4980%2C3320&w=648&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=365 648w,https://iea.imgix.net/6760b094-611e-4800-89b8-971e007ee119/Aviewofefficientbuildings.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=830%2C0%2C4980%2C3320&w=348&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=196 348w,https://iea.imgix.net/6760b094-611e-4800-89b8-971e007ee119/Aviewofefficientbuildings.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=830%2C0%2C4980%2C3320&w=696&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=392 696w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 288px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 324px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 348px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 348px,(min-width: 1480px) 348px" alt="A View Of Efficient Buildings" class="m-card__image" /> </a> </div> <div class="m-slider__item m-related-content__item" data-slider-filter-cell="" data-slider-type="report" > <a class="m-card m-card-- m-card--report-statistics m-card--report-default" href="/reports/demand-side-data-and-energy-efficiency-indicators" data-behavior="track" data-track-event="select_item" > <div class="m-card__inner"> <div class="m-card__header"> <h2 class="f-title-7 m-card__title">Demand-side Data and Energy Efficiency Indicators</h2> <p class="f-ui-1 m-card__desc">A guide to designing a national roadmap</p> </div> <div class="m-card__footer"> <p class="m-card__type"> Statistics report — February 2023 </p> </div> </div> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/692731f3-51ab-488b-bef7-cda2acbbe87c/AnurbanskylineatnightShutterstock638349103.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C5643%2C3767&w=348&h=196&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/692731f3-51ab-488b-bef7-cda2acbbe87c/AnurbanskylineatnightShutterstock638349103.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C5643%2C3767&w=288&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=162 288w,https://iea.imgix.net/692731f3-51ab-488b-bef7-cda2acbbe87c/AnurbanskylineatnightShutterstock638349103.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C5643%2C3767&w=576&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=324 576w,https://iea.imgix.net/692731f3-51ab-488b-bef7-cda2acbbe87c/AnurbanskylineatnightShutterstock638349103.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C5643%2C3767&w=324&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=182 324w,https://iea.imgix.net/692731f3-51ab-488b-bef7-cda2acbbe87c/AnurbanskylineatnightShutterstock638349103.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C5643%2C3767&w=648&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=365 648w,https://iea.imgix.net/692731f3-51ab-488b-bef7-cda2acbbe87c/AnurbanskylineatnightShutterstock638349103.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C5643%2C3767&w=348&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=196 348w,https://iea.imgix.net/692731f3-51ab-488b-bef7-cda2acbbe87c/AnurbanskylineatnightShutterstock638349103.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C5643%2C3767&w=696&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=392 696w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 288px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 324px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 348px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 348px,(min-width: 1480px) 348px" alt="An Urban Skyline At Night Shutterstock 638349103" class="m-card__image" /> </a> </div> <div class="m-slider__item m-related-content__item" data-slider-filter-cell="" data-slider-type="report" > <a class="m-card m-card-- m-card--report-fuel m-card--report-default" href="/reports/energy-efficiency-2022" data-behavior="track" data-track-event="select_item" > <div class="m-card__inner"> <div class="m-card__header"> <h2 class="f-title-7 m-card__title">Energy Efficiency 2022</h2> </div> <div class="m-card__footer"> <p class="m-card__type"> Fuel report — December 2022 </p> </div> </div> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/8003e3b2-46c5-4b8d-b94e-39124895d576/CoverofEnergyEfficiency2022AphotooftheEiffelToweratdusk.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=600%2C0%2C4008%2C2672&w=348&h=196&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/8003e3b2-46c5-4b8d-b94e-39124895d576/CoverofEnergyEfficiency2022AphotooftheEiffelToweratdusk.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=600%2C0%2C4008%2C2672&w=288&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=162 288w,https://iea.imgix.net/8003e3b2-46c5-4b8d-b94e-39124895d576/CoverofEnergyEfficiency2022AphotooftheEiffelToweratdusk.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=600%2C0%2C4008%2C2672&w=576&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=324 576w,https://iea.imgix.net/8003e3b2-46c5-4b8d-b94e-39124895d576/CoverofEnergyEfficiency2022AphotooftheEiffelToweratdusk.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=600%2C0%2C4008%2C2672&w=324&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=182 324w,https://iea.imgix.net/8003e3b2-46c5-4b8d-b94e-39124895d576/CoverofEnergyEfficiency2022AphotooftheEiffelToweratdusk.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=600%2C0%2C4008%2C2672&w=648&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=365 648w,https://iea.imgix.net/8003e3b2-46c5-4b8d-b94e-39124895d576/CoverofEnergyEfficiency2022AphotooftheEiffelToweratdusk.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=600%2C0%2C4008%2C2672&w=348&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=196 348w,https://iea.imgix.net/8003e3b2-46c5-4b8d-b94e-39124895d576/CoverofEnergyEfficiency2022AphotooftheEiffelToweratdusk.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=600%2C0%2C4008%2C2672&w=696&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=392 696w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 288px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 324px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 348px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 348px,(min-width: 1480px) 348px" alt="Cover Of Energy Efficiency 2022 A Photo Of The Eiffel Tower At Dusk" class="m-card__image" /> </a> </div> <div class="m-slider__item m-related-content__item" data-slider-filter-cell="" data-slider-type="report" > <a class="m-card m-card-- m-card--report-default m-card--report-default" href="/reports/coping-with-the-crisis-increasing-resilience-in-small-businesses-in-europe-through-energy-efficiency" data-behavior="track" data-track-event="select_item" > <div class="m-card__inner"> <div class="m-card__header"> <h2 class="f-title-7 m-card__title">Coping with the Crisis: Increasing Resilience in Small Businesses in Europe through Energy Efficiency</h2> <p class="f-ui-1 m-card__desc">Proposed Energy Saving Strategies</p> </div> <div class="m-card__footer"> <p class="m-card__type"> Report — October 2022 </p> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="m-slider__item m-related-content__item" data-slider-filter-cell="" data-slider-type="news" > <a class="m-card m-card-- m-card--report-" href="/news/energy-market-authority-of-singapore-and-iea-jointly-host-training-programme-on-efficient-grid-interactive-buildings" data-behavior="track" data-track-event="select_item" > <div class="m-card__inner"> <div class="m-card__header"> <h2 class="f-title-7 m-card__title">Energy Market Authority of Singapore and IEA jointly host training programme on efficient grid-interactive buildings</h2> </div> <div class="m-card__footer"> <p class="m-card__type"> News — 05 July 2022 </p> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="m-slider__item m-related-content__item" data-slider-filter-cell="" data-slider-type="report" > <a class="m-card m-card-- m-card--report-default m-card--report-default" href="/reports/the-value-of-urgent-action-on-energy-efficiency" data-behavior="track" data-track-event="select_item" > <div class="m-card__inner"> <div class="m-card__header"> <h2 class="f-title-7 m-card__title">The value of urgent action on energy efficiency</h2> <p class="f-ui-1 m-card__desc">Global Conference on Energy Efficiency, 2022</p> </div> <div class="m-card__footer"> <p class="m-card__type"> Report — June 2022 </p> </div> </div> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/45e67233-87a5-462c-be60-db8fb4da3bb7/gabor-molnar-Y7ufx8R8PM0-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C6000%2C4000&w=348&h=196&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/45e67233-87a5-462c-be60-db8fb4da3bb7/gabor-molnar-Y7ufx8R8PM0-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C6000%2C4000&w=288&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=162 288w,https://iea.imgix.net/45e67233-87a5-462c-be60-db8fb4da3bb7/gabor-molnar-Y7ufx8R8PM0-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C6000%2C4000&w=576&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=324 576w,https://iea.imgix.net/45e67233-87a5-462c-be60-db8fb4da3bb7/gabor-molnar-Y7ufx8R8PM0-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C6000%2C4000&w=324&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=182 324w,https://iea.imgix.net/45e67233-87a5-462c-be60-db8fb4da3bb7/gabor-molnar-Y7ufx8R8PM0-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C6000%2C4000&w=648&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=365 648w,https://iea.imgix.net/45e67233-87a5-462c-be60-db8fb4da3bb7/gabor-molnar-Y7ufx8R8PM0-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C6000%2C4000&w=348&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=196 348w,https://iea.imgix.net/45e67233-87a5-462c-be60-db8fb4da3bb7/gabor-molnar-Y7ufx8R8PM0-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C6000%2C4000&w=696&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=392 696w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 288px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 324px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 348px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 348px,(min-width: 1480px) 348px" alt="Gabor Molnar Unsplash" class="m-card__image" /> </a> </div> <div class="m-slider__item m-related-content__item" data-slider-filter-cell="" data-slider-type="news" > <a class="m-card m-card-- m-card--report-" href="/commentaries/accelerating-energy-efficiency-what-governments-can-do-now-to-deliver-energy-savings" data-behavior="track" data-track-event="select_item" > <div class="m-card__inner"> <div class="m-card__header"> <h2 class="f-title-7 m-card__title">Accelerating energy efficiency: What governments can do now to deliver energy savings</h2> </div> <div class="m-card__footer"> <div class="m-card__authors"> <span class="m-author-avatars__imgs"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/10abc4bb-5f79-4c81-adf0-a88eb4ec893f/Motherway.jpeg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C2%2C200%2C200&w=60&h=60&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" width="40" height="40" alt="Brian Motherway" /> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/dd27f2b5-ec2f-4d8f-9f83-040743c971a9/KristinaKlimovich.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=9%2C9%2C183%2C183&w=60&h=60&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" width="40" height="40" alt="Kristina Klimovich" /> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/635b7f41-2cfb-48cd-ae0f-6a69f7e706d2/VidaRozite.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C35%2C300%2C300&w=60&h=60&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" width="40" height="40" alt="Vida Rozite" /> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/3da97e0b-a178-4119-97dd-1438aa77da75/Edith_LR002.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C2136%2C2132&w=60&h=60&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" width="40" height="40" alt="Edith Bayer" /> </span> </div> <p class="m-card__type"> Commentary — 17 March 2022 </p> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="m-slider__item m-related-content__item" data-slider-filter-cell="" data-slider-type="report" > <a class="m-card m-card-- m-card--report-fuel m-card--report-default" href="/reports/energy-efficiency-2021" data-behavior="track" data-track-event="select_item" > <div class="m-card__inner"> <div class="m-card__header"> <h2 class="f-title-7 m-card__title">Energy Efficiency 2021</h2> </div> <div class="m-card__footer"> <p class="m-card__type"> Fuel report — November 2021 </p> </div> </div> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/88e5b34c-47ca-47bf-977d-f0ce70b512e3/shutterstock_559826938.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=651%2C126%2C2301%2C1535&w=348&h=196&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/88e5b34c-47ca-47bf-977d-f0ce70b512e3/shutterstock_559826938.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=651%2C126%2C2301%2C1535&w=288&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=162 288w,https://iea.imgix.net/88e5b34c-47ca-47bf-977d-f0ce70b512e3/shutterstock_559826938.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=651%2C126%2C2301%2C1535&w=576&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=324 576w,https://iea.imgix.net/88e5b34c-47ca-47bf-977d-f0ce70b512e3/shutterstock_559826938.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=651%2C126%2C2301%2C1535&w=324&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=182 324w,https://iea.imgix.net/88e5b34c-47ca-47bf-977d-f0ce70b512e3/shutterstock_559826938.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=651%2C126%2C2301%2C1535&w=648&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=365 648w,https://iea.imgix.net/88e5b34c-47ca-47bf-977d-f0ce70b512e3/shutterstock_559826938.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=651%2C126%2C2301%2C1535&w=348&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=196 348w,https://iea.imgix.net/88e5b34c-47ca-47bf-977d-f0ce70b512e3/shutterstock_559826938.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=651%2C126%2C2301%2C1535&w=696&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=392 696w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 288px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 324px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 348px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 348px,(min-width: 1480px) 348px" alt="Shutterstock 559826938" class="m-card__image" /> </a> </div> <div class="m-slider__item m-related-content__item" data-slider-filter-cell="" data-slider-type="report" > <a class="m-card m-card-- m-card--report-default m-card--report-default" href="/reports/achievements-of-energy-efficiency-appliance-and-equipment-standards-and-labelling-programmes" data-behavior="track" data-track-event="select_item" > <div class="m-card__inner"> <div class="m-card__header"> <h2 class="f-title-7 m-card__title">Achievements of Energy Efficiency Appliance and Equipment Standards and Labelling Programmes</h2> <p class="f-ui-1 m-card__desc">A global assessment in 2021</p> </div> <div class="m-card__footer"> <p class="m-card__type"> Report — September 2021 </p> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="m-slider__item m-related-content__item" data-slider-filter-cell="" data-slider-type="news" > <a class="m-card m-card-- m-card--report-" href="/news/iea-and-tsinghua-university-hold-6th-joint-workshop-on-sustainable-recovery-of-the-buildings-sector" data-behavior="track" data-track-event="select_item" > <div class="m-card__inner"> <div class="m-card__header"> <h2 class="f-title-7 m-card__title">IEA and Tsinghua University hold 6th joint workshop on Sustainable Recovery of the Buildings Sector</h2> </div> <div class="m-card__footer"> <p class="m-card__type"> News — 09 October 2020 </p> </div> </div> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/a52e74d8-f222-426c-88ce-27560ab91cd5/screencapture_news.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=113%2C35%2C783%2C440&w=348&h=196&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/a52e74d8-f222-426c-88ce-27560ab91cd5/screencapture_news.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=113%2C35%2C783%2C440&w=288&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=162 288w,https://iea.imgix.net/a52e74d8-f222-426c-88ce-27560ab91cd5/screencapture_news.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=113%2C35%2C783%2C440&w=576&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=324 576w,https://iea.imgix.net/a52e74d8-f222-426c-88ce-27560ab91cd5/screencapture_news.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=113%2C35%2C783%2C440&w=324&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=182 324w,https://iea.imgix.net/a52e74d8-f222-426c-88ce-27560ab91cd5/screencapture_news.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=113%2C35%2C783%2C440&w=648&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=365 648w,https://iea.imgix.net/a52e74d8-f222-426c-88ce-27560ab91cd5/screencapture_news.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=113%2C35%2C783%2C440&w=348&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=196 348w,https://iea.imgix.net/a52e74d8-f222-426c-88ce-27560ab91cd5/screencapture_news.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=113%2C35%2C783%2C440&w=696&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=392 696w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 288px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 324px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 348px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 348px,(min-width: 1480px) 348px" alt="Screen Capture News" class="m-card__image" /> </a> </div> <div class="m-slider__item m-related-content__item" data-slider-filter-cell="" data-slider-type="news" > <a class="m-card m-card-- m-card--report-" href="/news/registrations-open-for-the-iea-and-development-bank-of-latin-americas-spanish-language-online-course-on-energy-efficiency-in-buildings" data-behavior="track" data-track-event="select_item" > <div class="m-card__inner"> <div class="m-card__header"> <h2 class="f-title-7 m-card__title">Registrations open for the IEA and Development Bank of Latin America’s Spanish-language online course on energy efficiency in buildings</h2> </div> <div class="m-card__footer"> <p class="m-card__type"> News — 25 March 2020 </p> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="m-slider__item m-related-content__item" data-slider-filter-cell="" data-slider-type="news" > <a class="m-card m-card-- m-card--report-" href="/news/iea-and-development-bank-of-latin-america-launch-new-open-online-course-on-energy-efficiency-in-buildings" data-behavior="track" data-track-event="select_item" > <div class="m-card__inner"> <div class="m-card__header"> <h2 class="f-title-7 m-card__title">IEA and Development Bank of Latin America launch new open online course on energy efficiency in buildings</h2> </div> <div class="m-card__footer"> <p class="m-card__type"> News — 24 October 2019 </p> </div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="m-slider__item m-related-content__item" data-slider-filter-cell="" data-slider-type="news" > <a class="m-card m-card-- m-card--report-" href="/news/energy-market-authority-of-singapore-and-the-iea-co-host-first-ever-regional-training-programme-on-green-buildings" data-behavior="track" data-track-event="select_item" > <div class="m-card__inner"> <div class="m-card__header"> <h2 class="f-title-7 m-card__title">Energy Market Authority of Singapore and the IEA co-host first ever Regional Training Programme on Green Buildings</h2> </div> <div class="m-card__footer"> <p class="m-card__type"> News — 16 July 2019 </p> </div> </div> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/34ab284d-c528-4b30-86f4-8d378614e99b/190716SinagporeTW.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C838%2C472&w=348&h=196&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/34ab284d-c528-4b30-86f4-8d378614e99b/190716SinagporeTW.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C838%2C472&w=288&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=162 288w,https://iea.imgix.net/34ab284d-c528-4b30-86f4-8d378614e99b/190716SinagporeTW.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C838%2C472&w=576&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=324 576w,https://iea.imgix.net/34ab284d-c528-4b30-86f4-8d378614e99b/190716SinagporeTW.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C838%2C472&w=324&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=182 324w,https://iea.imgix.net/34ab284d-c528-4b30-86f4-8d378614e99b/190716SinagporeTW.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C838%2C472&w=648&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=365 648w,https://iea.imgix.net/34ab284d-c528-4b30-86f4-8d378614e99b/190716SinagporeTW.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C838%2C472&w=348&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=196 348w,https://iea.imgix.net/34ab284d-c528-4b30-86f4-8d378614e99b/190716SinagporeTW.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C0%2C838%2C472&w=696&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=392 696w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 288px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 324px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 348px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 348px,(min-width: 1480px) 348px" alt="sinagpore Training week" class="m-card__image" /> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="a-slider-nav a-slider-nav--slider a-slider-nav-- "> <button class="a-slider-nav__btn a-slider-nav__btn--prev btn" type="button" data-slider-btn-prev><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-left icon--20"><svg><title>Previous slide</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-left"></use></svg></span></button><button class="a-slider-nav__btn a-slider-nav__btn--next btn" type="button" data-slider-btn-next><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-right icon--20"><svg><title>Next slide</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-right"></use></svg></span></button> </nav> </div> </section> </div> </div> <div class="g-footer-section"> <div class="container"> <section class="m-explore-more container"> <header class="m-section-title" > <h2 class="m-section-title__title f-title-6 " > Explore more </h2> <div class="m-section-title__link"> <a class="a-link-icon a-link-icon--secondary" href="/energy-system" target="_self" data-focus-tabbed > <span>Energy system</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--circle-arrow icon--20"><svg><title>circle-arrow</title><use xlink:href="#icon--circle-arrow"></use></svg></span> </a> </div> </header> <div class="m-explore-more__slider m-slider m-slider--explore-more" data-behavior="slider" data-inViewport-item> <div class="container"> <div class="m-slider__container"> <div class="m-slider__list" data-slider-list role="list"> <div class="m-slider__item"> <a class="m-explore-more__item" href="/energy-system/energy-efficiency-and-demand/behavioural-changes"> <div class="m-explore-more__img"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/45b5c005-5acb-4591-a7dc-79c28bbd4ec5/shutterstock_2169900929.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C497%2C7952%2C4475&w=600&h=338&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/45b5c005-5acb-4591-a7dc-79c28bbd4ec5/shutterstock_2169900929.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C497%2C7952%2C4475&w=300&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=169 300w,https://iea.imgix.net/45b5c005-5acb-4591-a7dc-79c28bbd4ec5/shutterstock_2169900929.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C497%2C7952%2C4475&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=338 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/45b5c005-5acb-4591-a7dc-79c28bbd4ec5/shutterstock_2169900929.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C497%2C7952%2C4475&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=675 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 300px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 300px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 600px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="Shutterstock 2169900929" /> </div> <div class="m-explore-more__content"> <h3 class="m-explore-more__title f-title-7">Behavioural Changes</h3> </div> </a> </div> <div class="m-slider__item"> <a class="m-explore-more__item" href="/energy-system/transport/electric-vehicles"> <div class="m-explore-more__img"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/60dc2ee0-6d77-4812-8078-31210ed0b670/ev_tall.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C3224%2C4500%2C2536&w=600&h=338&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/60dc2ee0-6d77-4812-8078-31210ed0b670/ev_tall.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C3224%2C4500%2C2536&w=300&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=169 300w,https://iea.imgix.net/60dc2ee0-6d77-4812-8078-31210ed0b670/ev_tall.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C3224%2C4500%2C2536&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=338 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/60dc2ee0-6d77-4812-8078-31210ed0b670/ev_tall.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C3224%2C4500%2C2536&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=676 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 300px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 300px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 600px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="Ev Tall" /> </div> <div class="m-explore-more__content"> <h3 class="m-explore-more__title f-title-7">Electric Vehicles</h3> </div> </a> </div> <div class="m-slider__item"> <a class="m-explore-more__item" href="/energy-system/buildings/heat-pumps"> <div class="m-explore-more__img"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/eab49354-f5c6-4f0f-93fb-0f255fc77aaa/GettyImages-1466296752edited.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C974%2C4203%2C2367&w=600&h=338&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/eab49354-f5c6-4f0f-93fb-0f255fc77aaa/GettyImages-1466296752edited.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C974%2C4203%2C2367&w=300&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=169 300w,https://iea.imgix.net/eab49354-f5c6-4f0f-93fb-0f255fc77aaa/GettyImages-1466296752edited.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C974%2C4203%2C2367&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=338 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/eab49354-f5c6-4f0f-93fb-0f255fc77aaa/GettyImages-1466296752edited.png?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C974%2C4203%2C2367&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=676 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 300px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 300px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 600px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="Photo shows three heat pumps on a blue background" /> </div> <div class="m-explore-more__content"> <h3 class="m-explore-more__title f-title-7">Heat Pumps</h3> </div> </a> </div> <div class="m-slider__item"> <a class="m-explore-more__item" href="/energy-system/buildings/building-envelopes"> <div class="m-explore-more__img"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/1d5c97e0-168b-4631-93db-697540c71b7f/building_envelopes.jpg.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C313%2C3000%2C1688&w=600&h=338&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/1d5c97e0-168b-4631-93db-697540c71b7f/building_envelopes.jpg.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C313%2C3000%2C1688&w=300&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=169 300w,https://iea.imgix.net/1d5c97e0-168b-4631-93db-697540c71b7f/building_envelopes.jpg.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C313%2C3000%2C1688&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=338 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/1d5c97e0-168b-4631-93db-697540c71b7f/building_envelopes.jpg.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C313%2C3000%2C1688&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=675 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 300px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 300px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 600px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="Building Envelopes Jpg" /> </div> <div class="m-explore-more__content"> <h3 class="m-explore-more__title f-title-7">Building Envelopes</h3> </div> </a> </div> <div class="m-slider__item"> <a class="m-explore-more__item" href="/energy-system/buildings/appliances-and-equipment"> <div class="m-explore-more__img"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/d5912a99-02a2-41c4-b358-3de0e3561b45/appliances.jpg.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C250%2C3000%2C1688&w=600&h=338&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/d5912a99-02a2-41c4-b358-3de0e3561b45/appliances.jpg.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C250%2C3000%2C1688&w=300&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=169 300w,https://iea.imgix.net/d5912a99-02a2-41c4-b358-3de0e3561b45/appliances.jpg.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C250%2C3000%2C1688&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=338 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/d5912a99-02a2-41c4-b358-3de0e3561b45/appliances.jpg.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C250%2C3000%2C1688&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=675 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 300px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 300px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 600px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="Appliances Jpg" /> </div> <div class="m-explore-more__content"> <h3 class="m-explore-more__title f-title-7">Appliances and Equipment</h3> </div> </a> </div> <div class="m-slider__item"> <a class="m-explore-more__item" href="/energy-system/transport/cars-and-vans"> <div class="m-explore-more__img"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/9db3cb32-197e-41ee-b2df-e3a6483f1fa5/robert-ruggiero-3cI1YSp1E7w-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C90%2C3992%2C2248&w=600&h=338&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/9db3cb32-197e-41ee-b2df-e3a6483f1fa5/robert-ruggiero-3cI1YSp1E7w-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C90%2C3992%2C2248&w=300&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=169 300w,https://iea.imgix.net/9db3cb32-197e-41ee-b2df-e3a6483f1fa5/robert-ruggiero-3cI1YSp1E7w-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C90%2C3992%2C2248&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=338 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/9db3cb32-197e-41ee-b2df-e3a6483f1fa5/robert-ruggiero-3cI1YSp1E7w-unsplash.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C90%2C3992%2C2248&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=676 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 300px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 300px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 600px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="Transport" /> </div> <div class="m-explore-more__content"> <h3 class="m-explore-more__title f-title-7">Cars and Vans</h3> </div> </a> </div> <div class="m-slider__item"> <a class="m-explore-more__item" href="/energy-system/transport/trucks-and-buses"> <div class="m-explore-more__img"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/1d5c97e0-168b-4631-93db-697540c71b7f/trucks_buses.jpg.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C313%2C3000%2C1688&w=600&h=338&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/1d5c97e0-168b-4631-93db-697540c71b7f/trucks_buses.jpg.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C313%2C3000%2C1688&w=300&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=169 300w,https://iea.imgix.net/1d5c97e0-168b-4631-93db-697540c71b7f/trucks_buses.jpg.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C313%2C3000%2C1688&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=338 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/1d5c97e0-168b-4631-93db-697540c71b7f/trucks_buses.jpg.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C313%2C3000%2C1688&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=675 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 300px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 300px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 600px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="Trucks Buses Jpg" /> </div> <div class="m-explore-more__content"> <h3 class="m-explore-more__title f-title-7">Trucks and Buses</h3> </div> </a> </div> <div class="m-slider__item"> <a class="m-explore-more__item" href="/energy-system/buildings/heating"> <div class="m-explore-more__img"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/cda574bd-e231-4117-b571-5eea3223d189/shutterstock_36516565.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C81%2C3872%2C2177&w=600&h=337&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/cda574bd-e231-4117-b571-5eea3223d189/shutterstock_36516565.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C81%2C3872%2C2177&w=300&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=169 300w,https://iea.imgix.net/cda574bd-e231-4117-b571-5eea3223d189/shutterstock_36516565.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C81%2C3872%2C2177&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=337 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/cda574bd-e231-4117-b571-5eea3223d189/shutterstock_36516565.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C81%2C3872%2C2177&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=675 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 300px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 300px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 600px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="A solar water heating system" /> </div> <div class="m-explore-more__content"> <h3 class="m-explore-more__title f-title-7">Heating</h3> </div> </a> </div> <div class="m-slider__item"> <a class="m-explore-more__item" href="/energy-system/buildings/space-cooling"> <div class="m-explore-more__img"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/1d5c97e0-168b-4631-93db-697540c71b7f/cooling.jpg.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C312%2C3000%2C1686&w=600&h=337&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/1d5c97e0-168b-4631-93db-697540c71b7f/cooling.jpg.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C312%2C3000%2C1686&w=300&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=169 300w,https://iea.imgix.net/1d5c97e0-168b-4631-93db-697540c71b7f/cooling.jpg.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C312%2C3000%2C1686&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=337 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/1d5c97e0-168b-4631-93db-697540c71b7f/cooling.jpg.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=0%2C312%2C3000%2C1686&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=674 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 300px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 300px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 600px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="Cooling Jpg" /> </div> <div class="m-explore-more__content"> <h3 class="m-explore-more__title f-title-7">Space Cooling</h3> </div> </a> </div> <div class="m-slider__item"> <a class="m-explore-more__item" href="/energy-system/buildings/data-centres-and-data-transmission-networks"> <div class="m-explore-more__img"> <img src="https://iea.imgix.net/1d5c97e0-168b-4631-93db-697540c71b7f/data_networks.jpg.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=42%2C363%2C2916%2C1637&w=600&h=337&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format" srcset="https://iea.imgix.net/1d5c97e0-168b-4631-93db-697540c71b7f/data_networks.jpg.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=42%2C363%2C2916%2C1637&w=300&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=168 300w,https://iea.imgix.net/1d5c97e0-168b-4631-93db-697540c71b7f/data_networks.jpg.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=42%2C363%2C2916%2C1637&w=600&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=337 600w,https://iea.imgix.net/1d5c97e0-168b-4631-93db-697540c71b7f/data_networks.jpg.jpg?auto=compress%2Cformat&fit=min&q=80&rect=42%2C363%2C2916%2C1637&w=1200&fit=crop&fm=jpg&q=70&auto=format&h=674 1200w" sizes="(max-width: 729px) 300px,(min-width: 730px) and (max-width:959px) 300px,(min-width: 960px) and (max-width:1279px) 600px,(min-width: 1280px) and (max-width:1479px) 600px,(min-width: 1480px) 600px" alt="Data Networks Jpg" /> </div> <div class="m-explore-more__content"> <h3 class="m-explore-more__title f-title-7">Data Centres and Data Transmission Networks</h3> </div> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="a-slider-nav a-slider-nav--slider "> <button class="a-slider-nav__btn a-slider-nav__btn--prev btn" type="button" data-slider-btn-prev><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-left icon--20"><svg><title>Previous slide</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-left"></use></svg></span></button><button class="a-slider-nav__btn a-slider-nav__btn--next btn" type="button" data-slider-btn-next><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--chevron-right icon--20"><svg><title>Next slide</title><use xlink:href="#icon--chevron-right"></use></svg></span></button> </nav> </div> </section> </div> </div> <div class="container"> <div class="g-newsletter container"> <div class="g-newsletter__form"> <div class="g-newsletter__col g-newsletter__col--left"> <h6 class="g-newsletter__title f-title-6">The Energy Mix</h6> <p class="g-newsletter__intro f-subtitle-1">Get updates on the IEA’s latest news, analysis, data and events delivered twice monthly.</p> </div> <div class="g-newsletter__col g-newsletter__col--right"> <form data-behavior="ajaxForm" method="post" action="/newsletter"> <div class="g-newsletter__fieldset "> <div class="a-input a-input--invisible" > <input name="email" type="email" id="input-footer-email" value="" class="a-input__field" placeholder="Your email" aria-label="email" > <div data-error-name="email" class="a-input__error a-input__hidden"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--error icon--20"><svg><title>Error</title><use xlink:href="#icon--error"></use></svg></span><span class="a-input__error-name"></span></div> </div> <div class="g-newsletter__btn"> <button class="a-button-rounded a-button-rounded--accent a-button-rounded--full-rounded" type="submit" data-focus-tabbed data-ajaxForm-submit='' > <span class="a-button-rounded__label">Subscribe</span> </button> </div> </div> <div class="g-newsletter__link"> <a class="a-link a-link--tertiary " href="https://iea.li/energy-mix-sample" data-focus-tabbed target='_blank' > <span class="a-link__label">View sample</span></a> <a class="a-link a-link--tertiary " href="/newsletter" data-focus-tabbed > <span class="a-link__label">Explore our other newsletters</span></a> </div> <span class="g-newsletter__success-trigger" data-ajaxForm-successTrigger data-behavior="modal" data-modal="modal-newsletter"></span> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="g-footer__container container"> <div class="g-footer__inner"> <nav class="g-footer__main-nav"> <ul class="g-footer-main-nav__items"> <li class="g-footer-main-nav__item g-footer-main-nav__item--title">Browse</li> <li class="g-footer-main-nav__item g-footer-main-nav__item--link"><a href="/topics">Topics</a></li> <li class="g-footer-main-nav__item g-footer-main-nav__item--link"><a href="/countries">Countries & regions</a> </li> <li class="g-footer-main-nav__item g-footer-main-nav__item--link"><a href="/energy-system">Energy system</a></li> <li class="g-footer-main-nav__item g-footer-main-nav__item--link"><a href="/programmes">Programmes</a> </ul> <ul class="g-footer-main-nav__items"> <li class="g-footer-main-nav__item g-footer-main-nav__item--title">Explore</li> <li class="g-footer-main-nav__item g-footer-main-nav__item--link"><a href="/analysis?type=report">Reports</a> </li> <li class="g-footer-main-nav__item g-footer-main-nav__item--link"><a href="/data-and-statistics">Data & statistics</a></li> </ul> </nav> <div class="g-footer__secondary-nav"> <nav class="g-footer-secondary-nav"> <ul class="g-footer-secondary-nav__items"> <li class="g-footer-secondary-nav__item g-footer-secondary-nav__item--title">Learn</li> <li class="g-footer-secondary-nav__item g-footer-secondary-nav__item--link"><a href="/about">About</a></li> <li class="g-footer-secondary-nav__item g-footer-secondary-nav__item--link"><a href="/news">News and commentaries</a></li> <li class="g-footer-secondary-nav__item g-footer-secondary-nav__item--link"><a href="/events">Events</a></li> <li class="g-footer-secondary-nav__item g-footer-secondary-nav__item--link"><a href="/glossary">Glossary</a></li> </ul> <ul class="g-footer-secondary-nav__items"> <li class="g-footer-secondary-nav__item g-footer-secondary-nav__item--title">Connect</li> <li class="g-footer-secondary-nav__item g-footer-secondary-nav__item--link"><a href="/contact">Contact</a></li> <li class="g-footer-secondary-nav__item g-footer-secondary-nav__item--link"><a href="/help-centre/press-and-promotions">Press</a></li> <li class="g-footer-secondary-nav__item g-footer-secondary-nav__item--link g-footer-secondary-nav__item--external"> <a class="a-link-icon a-link-icon--footer" href="https://careers.smartrecruiters.com/OECD/iea" target="_blank" data-focus-tabbed rel='noopener' > <span>Jobs</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--arrow-north-east icon--20"><svg><title>arrow-north-east</title><use xlink:href="#icon--arrow-north-east"></use></svg></span> </a> </li> <li class="g-footer-secondary-nav__item g-footer-secondary-nav__item--link g-footer-secondary-nav__item--external"> <a class="a-link-icon a-link-icon--footer" href="https://ieaorg.sharepoint.com/sites/delegates" target="_blank" data-focus-tabbed rel='noopener' > <span>Delegates</span><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--arrow-north-east icon--20"><svg><title>arrow-north-east</title><use xlink:href="#icon--arrow-north-east"></use></svg></span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> <div class="g-footer__social-networks"> <ul class="g-footer-social-networks__items"> <li class="g-footer-social-networks__item g-footer-social-networks__item--title">Follow</li> <li class="g-footer-social-networks__item g-footer-social-networks__item--link"><a href="https://twitter.com/iea" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--twitter icon--20"><svg><title>x (formally twitter)</title><use xlink:href="#icon--twitter"></use></svg></span></a></li> <li class="g-footer-social-networks__item g-footer-social-networks__item--link"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/internationalenergyagency/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--facebook icon--20"><svg><title>facebook</title><use xlink:href="#icon--facebook"></use></svg></span></a></li> <li class="g-footer-social-networks__item g-footer-social-networks__item--link"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/international-energy-agency/" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--linkedin icon--20"><svg><title>linkedin</title><use xlink:href="#icon--linkedin"></use></svg></span></a></li> <li class="g-footer-social-networks__item g-footer-social-networks__item--link"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/IEAEnergy" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--youtube icon--20"><svg><title>youtube</title><use xlink:href="#icon--youtube"></use></svg></span></a></li> <li class="g-footer-social-networks__item g-footer-social-networks__item--link"><a href="https://www.instagram.com/internationalenergyagency/?hl=en" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--instagram icon--20"><svg><title>instagram</title><use xlink:href="#icon--instagram"></use></svg></span></a></li> <li class="g-footer-social-networks__item g-footer-social-networks__item--link"><a href="https://bsky.app/profile/iea.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--bluesky icon--20"><svg><title>bluesky</title><use xlink:href="#icon--bluesky"></use></svg></span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="g-footer__logo"> <a href="/"><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--logo-rotate icon--40-135"><svg><title>IEA</title><use xlink:href="#icon--logo-rotate"></use></svg></span></a> </div> </div> <div class="g-footer__copyright"> <span class="g-footer__copy f-ui-2">©IEA 2025</span> <ul class="g-footer__legals f-ui-2"> <li><a href="/terms">Terms</a></li> <li><a href="/privacy">Privacy</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <a href="#header" class="g-footer__backtotop" data-behavior="scrollToAnchor backToTop" data-barba-prevent><span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--back-to-top icon--20"><svg><title>Back to top</title><use xlink:href="#icon--back-to-top"></use></svg></span></a> </footer> <div> </div> </main> </div> </div> <div class="m-modal m-modal--" data-modal-dialog tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-modal="true" aria-labelledby="modal-newsletter" data-behavior="modalDialog" data-modaldialog-id="modal-newsletter" > <div class="m-modal__dialog" role="document"> <div class="m-modal__header"> <h4 class="m-modal__title f-ui-1-bold" id="modal-newsletter">Subscription successful</h4> <button type="button" class="m-modal__close" data-modaldialog-close aria-label="Close dialog"> <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--close-btn icon--20"><svg><title>Close dialog</title><use xlink:href="#icon--close-btn"></use></svg></span> </button> </div> <div class="m-modal__body f-body"> <p>Thank you for subscribing. You can unsubscribe at any time by clicking the link at the bottom of any IEA newsletter.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="g-mask g-mask--menu"></div> <div class="g-mask g-mask--modal" data-modal-mask></div> <div class="g-mask g-mask--modal g-mask--close"> <button class="a-button-rounded a-button-rounded--icon a-button-rounded--strong" type="button" data-focus-tabbed data-modaldialog-close='' > <span aria-hidden="true" class="icon icon--close-btn icon--20"><svg><use xlink:href="#icon--close-btn"></use></svg></span> </button> </div> <div class="g-mask g-mask--sidenav" data-sidenav-mask></div> <div class="g-mask g-mask--search" data-search-mask></div> <div class="g-mask g-mask--filter" data-filter-mask><span class="a-loader"> </span> </div> <div data-user-menu></div> <script type="text/template" id="template__nav-anchor"> <a class="a-button a-button--anchor" href="{{url}}" data-focus-tabbed > <span class="a-button__label">{{label}}</span></a> </script> <script src="/assets/front/app.0c72a7e077173c493f41.js"></script> <script nonce="vXaz0wrZv5liiTjK1BV2rprdVsyfjRkD">A17.PUBLIC_API_ENDPOINT='https://api.iea.org';</script> <script nonce="vXaz0wrZv5liiTjK1BV2rprdVsyfjRkD">A17.DSN_SENTRY='https://02771ae4fb8345059dde74cebb9c346b@sentry.io/1798774';</script> <script nonce="vXaz0wrZv5liiTjK1BV2rprdVsyfjRkD">A17.SPARKLINE_STATS_START_YEAR=1990;</script> <script nonce="vXaz0wrZv5liiTjK1BV2rprdVsyfjRkD">A17.SPARKLINE_STATS_END_YEAR=2020;</script> <script nonce="vXaz0wrZv5liiTjK1BV2rprdVsyfjRkD">A17.DATABROWSER_STATS_START_YEAR=1990;</script> <script nonce="vXaz0wrZv5liiTjK1BV2rprdVsyfjRkD">A17.DATABROWSER_STATS_DEFAULT_YEAR=2022;</script> <script nonce="vXaz0wrZv5liiTjK1BV2rprdVsyfjRkD">A17.DATABROWSER_STATS_END_YEAR=2022;</script> <script nonce="vXaz0wrZv5liiTjK1BV2rprdVsyfjRkD">A17.CHAT_STATS_LAST_HISTORICAL_YEAR=2023;</script> <script nonce="vXaz0wrZv5liiTjK1BV2rprdVsyfjRkD">A17.BARBAJS.ignoredLinks=["\/data-and-statistics\/data-tools\/energy-statistics-data-browser","\/data-and-statistics\/data-tools\/renewable-energy-progress-tracker","\/data-and-statistics\/data-tools\/residential-heat-economics-calculator","\/data-and-statistics\/data-tools\/methane-tracker","\/data-and-statistics\/data-tools\/global-ev-data-explorer","\/data-and-statistics\/data-tools\/global-ev-policy-explorer","\/data-and-statistics\/data-tools\/net-zero-by-2050-data-explorer","\/reports\/national-reliance-on-russian-fossil-fuel-imports","\/data-and-statistics\/data-tools\/unit-converter","\/data-and-statistics\/data-tools\/oil-stocks-of-iea-countries","\/data-and-statistics\/data-tools\/levelised-cost-of-electricity-calculator","\/data-and-statistics\/data-tools\/hydropower-data-explorer","\/data-and-statistics\/data-tools\/investment-data-explorer","\/data-and-statistics\/data-tools\/weather-climate-and-energy-tracker","\/data-and-statistics\/data-tools\/offshore-wind-geospatial-analysis","\/data-and-statistics\/data-tools\/government-energy-spending-tracker-policy-database","\/data-and-statistics\/data-tools\/clean-energy-transition-indicators","\/data-and-statistics\/data-tools\/eu4energy-data-explorer","\/data-and-statistics\/data-tools\/ccus-legal-and-regulatory-database","\/data-and-statistics\/data-tools\/etp-clean-energy-technology-guide","\/data-and-statistics\/data-tools\/real-time-electricity-tracker","\/data-and-statistics\/data-tools\/ukraine-real-time-electricity-data-explorer","\/data-and-statistics\/data-tools\/monthly-electricity-statistics","\/data-and-statistics\/data-tools\/energy-technology-rdd-budgets-data-explorer","\/data-and-statistics\/data-tools\/greenhouse-gas-emissions-from-energy-data-explorer","\/data-and-statistics\/data-tools\/energy-end-uses-and-efficiency-indicators-data-explorer","\/reports\/sdg7-data-and-projections","\/data-and-statistics\/data-tools\/global-fuel-economy-initiative-2021-data-explorer","\/data-and-statistics\/data-tools\/national-data-collection-practices","\/data-and-statistics\/data-tools\/gender-and-energy-data-explorer","\/data-and-statistics\/data-tools\/energy-sankey","\/data-and-statistics\/data-tools\/end-use-prices-data-explorer","\/data-and-statistics\/data-tools\/energy-start-up-data-explorer","\/data-and-statistics\/data-tools\/google-trends-data-explorer","\/data-and-statistics\/data-tools\/energy-technology-patents-data-explorer","\/data-and-statistics\/data-tools\/clean-energy-demonstration-projects-database","\/reports\/cost-of-capital-observatory","\/data-and-statistics\/data-tools\/critical-minerals-policy-tracker","\/data-and-statistics\/data-tools\/electric-vehicles-total-cost-of-ownership-tool","\/data-and-statistics\/data-tools\/ccus-projects-explorer","\/data-and-statistics\/data-tools\/electric-vehicle-charging-and-grid-integration-tool","\/data-and-statistics\/data-tools\/critical-minerals-data-explorer","\/data-and-statistics\/data-tools\/climate-pledges-explorer","\/data-and-statistics\/data-tools\/latin-america-energy-outlook-interactive-map","\/data-and-statistics\/data-tools\/ev-life-cycle-assessment-calculator","\/data-and-statistics\/data-tools\/energy-policy-inventory","\/data-and-statistics\/data-tools\/energy-efficiency-progress-tracker","\/data-and-statistics\/data-tools\/world-energy-outlook-2024-gpt","\/news\/iea-ministerial-ministers-and-business-leaders-emphasise-need-to-boost-clean-energy-investment-with-spotlight-on-asia-pacific","\/news\/clean-energy-transitions-continue-to-accelerate-but-progress-is-uneven"];</script> <script nonce="vXaz0wrZv5liiTjK1BV2rprdVsyfjRkD">A17.DOMAIN='.iea.org';</script> <script nonce="vXaz0wrZv5liiTjK1BV2rprdVsyfjRkD"> A17.CAPTCHA_LOADED = false; function _turnstileCb() { A17.CAPTCHA_LOADED = true; A17.CAPTCHA_TURNSTILE_KEY = '0x4AAAAAAAF7h-dKxh1J3KDH'; document.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent('captcha:loaded')); } </script> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Energy Efficiency and Demand - Energy System - IEA