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from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Beginning</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-How_common_it_is" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#How_common_it_is"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>How common it is</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-How_common_it_is-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-After_being_raped" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#After_being_raped"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>After being raped</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-After_being_raped-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-People_who_cannot_consent" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#People_who_cannot_consent"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>People who cannot consent</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-People_who_cannot_consent-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle People who cannot consent subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-People_who_cannot_consent-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Children" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Children"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Children</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Children-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Adults_who_cannot_consent" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Adults_who_cannot_consent"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Adults who cannot consent</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Adults_who_cannot_consent-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Forms_of_rape" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Forms_of_rape"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Forms of rape</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Forms_of_rape-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marital_rape" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marital_rape"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Marital rape</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marital_rape-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Effects_of_rape" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Effects_of_rape"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Effects of rape</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Effects_of_rape-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rapists" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rapists"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Rapists</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rapists-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Victims" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Victims"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Victims</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Victims-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Motives" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Motives"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Motives</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Motives-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rape_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rape_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Rape culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rape_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rape_in_wartime" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rape_in_wartime"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Rape in wartime</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rape_in_wartime-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Statistics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Statistics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Statistics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Statistics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Statistics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Statistics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Kingdom" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Kingdom"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.2</span> <span>United Kingdom</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Kingdom-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Finland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Finland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.3</span> <span>Finland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Finland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Asia/Pacific" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia/Pacific"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.4</span> <span>Asia/Pacific</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia/Pacific-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South_Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South_Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.5</span> <span>South Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South_Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lesotho" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lesotho"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.6</span> <span>Lesotho</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lesotho-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tanzania" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tanzania"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.7</span> <span>Tanzania</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tanzania-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Democratic_Republic_of_Congo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Democratic_Republic_of_Congo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.8</span> <span>Democratic Republic of Congo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Democratic_Republic_of_Congo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Botswana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Botswana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.9</span> <span>Botswana</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Botswana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eswatini" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eswatini"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.10</span> <span>Eswatini</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eswatini-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ethiopia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethiopia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.11</span> <span>Ethiopia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethiopia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ghana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ghana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.12</span> <span>Ghana</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ghana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nigeria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nigeria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.13</span> <span>Nigeria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nigeria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_websites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_websites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Other websites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_websites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Rape</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 100 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-100" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">100 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verkragting" title="Verkragting – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Verkragting" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%BA%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="اغتصاب – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اغتصاب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viol" title="Viol – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Viol" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A7%E0%A7%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3" title="ধৰ্ষণ – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="ধৰ্ষণ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violaci%C3%B3n" title="Violación – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Violación" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poreno_rair%C3%B5me" title="Poreno rairõme – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Poreno rairõme" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zorlama" title="Zorlama – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Zorlama" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A7%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3" title="ধর্ষণ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ধর্ষণ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Згвалтаванне – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Згвалтаванне" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B3%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Згвалтаваньне – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Згвалтаваньне" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panlulugos" title="Panlulugos – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Panlulugos" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Изнасилване – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Изнасилване" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%99%E0%BD%93%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A1%E0%BD%BA%E0%BD%98%E0%BC%8D" title="བཙན་གཡེམ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="བཙན་གཡེམ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silovanje" title="Silovanje – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Silovanje" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwallerezh" title="Gwallerezh – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Gwallerezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violaci%C3%B3" title="Violació – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Violació" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zn%C3%A1siln%C4%9Bn%C3%AD" title="Znásilnění – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Znásilnění" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trais_rhywiol" title="Trais rhywiol – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Trais rhywiol" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voldt%C3%A6gt" title="Voldtægt – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Voldtægt" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%BA%D8%AA%D9%8A%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="غتيصاب – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="غتيصاب" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vergewaltigung" title="Vergewaltigung – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Vergewaltigung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A4gistamine" title="Vägistamine – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vägistamine" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B9%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Βιασμός – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βιασμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rape" title="Rape – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Rape" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violaci%C3%B3n" title="Violación – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Violación" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seksatenco" title="Seksatenco – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Seksatenco" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bortxaketa" title="Bortxaketa – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bortxaketa" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B2_%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="تجاوز جنسی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="تجاوز جنسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viol" title="Viol – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Viol" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferkr%C3%AAfting" title="Ferkrêfting – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Ferkrêfting" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89igni%C3%BA" title="Éigniú – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Éigniú" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violaci%C3%B3n" title="Violación – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Violación" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B0%95%EA%B0%84" title="강간 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="강간" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%BC%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%A2%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Բռնաբարություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բռնաբարություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="बलात्कार – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="बलात्कार" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silovanje" title="Silovanje – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Silovanje" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violaco" title="Violaco – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Violaco" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemerkosaan" title="Pemerkosaan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pemerkosaan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukudlwengula" title="Ukudlwengula – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Ukudlwengula" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nau%C3%B0gun" title="Nauðgun – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Nauðgun" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violenza_sessuale" title="Violenza sessuale – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Violenza sessuale" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%A1" title="אונס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אונס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruda_peksa" title="Ruda peksa – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Ruda peksa" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AC%E0%B2%B2%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%A6_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%82%E0%B2%AD%E0%B3%8B%E0%B2%97" title="ಬಲಾತ್ಕಾರದ ಸಂಭೋಗ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಬಲಾತ್ಕಾರದ ಸಂಭೋಗ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9E%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="გაუპატიურება – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="გაუპატიურება" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%83" title="Зорлау – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Зорлау" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubakaji" title="Ubakaji – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ubakaji" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadejak" title="Kadejak – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Kadejak" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BE" title="Зордуктоо – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Зордуктоо" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuprum" title="Stuprum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Stuprum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izvaro%C5%A1ana" title="Izvarošana – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Izvarošana" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vergewaltegung" title="Vergewaltegung – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Vergewaltegung" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%C5%A1prievartavimas" title="Išprievartavimas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Išprievartavimas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verkrachting" title="Verkrachting – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Verkrachting" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="बलात्कार – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="बलात्कार" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%97%E0%B4%82" title="ബലാത്സംഗം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബലാത്സംഗം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="बलात्कार – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="बलात्कार" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%BA%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%A7%D8%A8" title="اغتصاب – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اغتصاب" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rogol" title="Rogol – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Rogol" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gi%C3%B2ng-g%C4%83ng" title="Giòng-găng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Giòng-găng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AF%E1%80%92%E1%80%AD%E1%80%99%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%99%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AF" title="မုဒိမ်းမှု – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="မုဒိမ်းမှု" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verkrachting" title="Verkrachting – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Verkrachting" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0" title="बलात्कार – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="बलात्कार" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BC%B7%E5%A7%A6" title="強姦 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="強姦" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voldtekt" title="Voldtekt – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Voldtekt" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valdtekt" title="Valdtekt – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Valdtekt" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi%C3%B2l" title="Viòl – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Viòl" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gudeeddii" title="Gudeeddii – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Gudeeddii" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B9" title="ਜ਼ਬਰ ਜ਼ਨਾਹ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜ਼ਬਰ ਜ਼ਨਾਹ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B5%D9%85%D8%AA_%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="عصمت دری – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="عصمت دری" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A_%D8%AA%DB%90%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="جنسي تېری – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="جنسي تېری" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gwa%C5%82t" title="Gwałt – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Gwałt" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estupro" title="Estupro – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Estupro" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viol" title="Viol – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Viol" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuquspa_allquchay" title="Yuquspa allquchay – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Yuquspa allquchay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Изнасилование – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Изнасилование" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rape" title="Rape – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Rape" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%ABrdhunimi" title="Përdhunimi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Përdhunimi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%96%E0%B7%82%E0%B6%AB%E0%B6%BA" title="දූෂණය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="දූෂණය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zn%C3%A1silnenie" title="Znásilnenie – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Znásilnenie" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posilstvo" title="Posilstvo – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Posilstvo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%DB%95%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8E%DA%98%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%B3%DB%8E%DA%A9%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="دەستدرێژیی سێکسی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="دەستدرێژیی سێکسی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Силовање – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Силовање" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silovanje" title="Silovanje – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Silovanje" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raiskaus" title="Raiskaus – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Raiskaus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A5ldt%C3%A4kt" title="Våldtäkt – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Våldtäkt" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panggagahasa" title="Panggagahasa – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Panggagahasa" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a 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data-title="การข่มขืนกระทำชำเรา" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tecav%C3%BCz" title="Tecavüz – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tecavüz" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaato%C9%94" title="Monaatoɔ – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Monaatoɔ" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Twi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D2%91%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F" title="Зґвалтування – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Зґвалтування" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B5%D9%85%D8%AA_%D8%AF%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="عصمت دری – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="عصمت دری" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaemhbeg" title="Gaemhbeg – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Gaemhbeg" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hi%E1%BA%BFp_d%C3%A2m" title="Hiếp dâm – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Hiếp 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typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Konstantin_Makovsky_-_The_Bulgarian_martyresses.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Konstantin_Makovsky_-_The_Bulgarian_martyresses.jpg/220px-Konstantin_Makovsky_-_The_Bulgarian_martyresses.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Konstantin_Makovsky_-_The_Bulgarian_martyresses.jpg/330px-Konstantin_Makovsky_-_The_Bulgarian_martyresses.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Konstantin_Makovsky_-_The_Bulgarian_martyresses.jpg/440px-Konstantin_Makovsky_-_The_Bulgarian_martyresses.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="2026" /></a><figcaption>20 <i>The <a href="/wiki/Bulgaria" title="Bulgaria">Bulgarian</a> <a href="/wiki/Martyr" title="Martyr">martyresses</a></i> by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konstantin_Makovsky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konstantin Makovsky (not yet started)">Konstantin Makovsky</a> (1877)</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Rape</b> is usually defined as having <a href="/wiki/Sexual_intercourse" title="Sexual intercourse">sexual intercourse</a> with a person who does not want to, or cannot <a href="/wiki/Age_of_consent" title="Age of consent">consent</a>. Consent is when someone agrees of their own choice without being forced to. In <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> it is more widely defined as 'unwanted sexual penetration'. Rape is a form of <a href="/wiki/Sexual_assault" title="Sexual assault">sexual assault</a>. In most countries, rape is one of the most serious <a href="/wiki/Crime" title="Crime">crimes</a>. The <a href="/wiki/International_Criminal_Court" title="International Criminal Court">International Criminal Court</a> can also condemn it as a "<a href="/wiki/Crimes_against_humanity" title="Crimes against humanity">crime against humanity</a>", if done by a group. A person who rapes someone is a rapist. Rapists may use <a href="/wiki/Violence" title="Violence">violence</a>, <a href="/wiki/Drug" title="Drug">drugs</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Threat" title="Threat">threats</a> to get their way. People of any gender can be raped. This was not recognized by the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> law until 2011.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> People often stay quiet about a rape because they feel <a href="/wiki/Shame" title="Shame">ashamed</a> about it. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="How_common_it_is">How common it is</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rape&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Change section: How common it is" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rape&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: How common it is"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to a study done in the Europpean Union, of 2011, two percent of the women taking part said that they had been victims of <a href="/wiki/Sexual_violence" title="Sexual violence">sexual violence</a>, in the preceding year.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A representative U.S. study found that between 15 and 25 percent of women were raped at least once during their lifetime.<sup id="cite_ref-KB_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KB-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to a study by the United Nations, of 2013, about 25 percent of the men in the Asia Pacific region said that they had raped at least one woman, ten percent said they have forced a women to have sex with them who wasn't their partner.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="After_being_raped">After being raped</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rape&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Change section: After being raped" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rape&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: After being raped"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>People who have been raped, should do a number of things. These things have to be done rather quickly: </p> <ul><li>Get a medical check at a doctor or <a href="/wiki/Hospital" title="Hospital">hospital</a>. This is needs to be done for several reasons: <ul><li>To examine and treat the damage done.</li> <li>Collect <a href="/wiki/DNA" title="DNA">DNA</a> to identify who the perpetrator was. Often there are so-called <a href="/wiki/Rape_kit" title="Rape kit">rape kits</a> that can be used for this.</li> <li>To check against the spread of <a href="/wiki/Sexually_transmitted_disease" title="Sexually transmitted disease">sexually-transmitted diseases</a>. If done soon enough an <a href="/wiki/Infection" title="Infection">infection</a> may be prevented.</li> <li>To prevent a likely <a href="/wiki/Pregnancy_from_rape" title="Pregnancy from rape">unwanted pregnancy</a>. <a href="/wiki/Emergency_contraception" title="Emergency contraception">Emergency contraception</a> is often available, but it may have to be <a href="/wiki/Prescription" title="Prescription">prescribed by a doctor</a>.</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Tell the <a href="/wiki/Police" title="Police">police</a>, or be interviewed by the police. This interview will likely be recorded, or a transcript will be made. Usually, people will be interviewed by an police officer of the same sex. The police will then use the information to find the offender, and to press charges against him or her.</li> <li>In many countries there are organizations who support the victims.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="People_who_cannot_consent">People who cannot consent</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rape&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Change section: People who cannot consent" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rape&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: People who cannot consent"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A person may be unable to consent (say yes to) to <a href="/wiki/Sexual_intercourse" title="Sexual intercourse">sexual intercourse</a> or other sexual activity. Having sex with a person who cannot consent is rape. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Children">Children</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rape&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Change section: Children" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rape&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Children"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Children and teenagers under the <a href="/wiki/Age_of_consent" title="Age of consent">age of consent</a> are legally unable to consent. If an adult has sex with them, it is known as "<a href="/wiki/Child_sexual_abuse" title="Child sexual abuse">child sexual abuse</a>" or "<a href="/wiki/Statutory_rape" title="Statutory rape">statutory rape</a>." In some places, <a href="/wiki/Teenager" title="Teenager">teenagers</a> who are about the same age can agree to have sex with each other. This is known as the "<a href="/wiki/Romeo_and_Juliet" title="Romeo and Juliet">Romeo and Juliet</a>" clause.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Adults_who_cannot_consent">Adults who cannot consent</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rape&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Change section: Adults who cannot consent" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rape&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Adults who cannot consent"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some adults are unable to consent to sex. </p> <ul><li>People who are sleeping or <a href="/wiki/Consciousness" title="Consciousness">unconscious</a> cannot consent to sexual intercourse.</li> <li>People who are under the influence of certain <a href="/wiki/Drug" title="Drug">drugs</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Alcohol" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Alcohol">alcohol</a> may be unable to consent to sex. They may be unable to walk, may slur speech, or may be <a href="/wiki/Mental_confusion" title="Mental confusion">confused</a>.</li> <li>People suffering from certain <a href="/wiki/Illness" class="mw-redirect" title="Illness">illnesses</a> or <a href="/wiki/Disability" title="Disability">disabilities</a> are unable to consent, even though they may legally be adult. The conditions they have affect their thinking. They may not know what sex is, or they may be unable to judge the consequences of having sex. They may seem confused or unsure. <a href="/wiki/Intellectual_disabilities" class="mw-redirect" title="Intellectual disabilities">Developmental disabilities</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mental_illness" title="Mental illness">mental illness</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Brain_injury" title="Brain injury">brain injuries</a> can make a person unable to consent. A <a href="/wiki/Court" title="Court">court</a> may find someone unable to consent.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Forms_of_rape">Forms of rape</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rape&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Change section: Forms of rape" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rape&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Forms of rape"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are different forms: </p> <ul><li>Sometimes, the victims are children or young adults. Very often, the perpetrators act in groups. They <a href="/wiki/Child_grooming" title="Child grooming">charm people, to get their trust</a>. Later they rape the victims. There may be sexual exploitation that lasts for a long time. This means that victims are often traumatized. In 2021, the members of such a gang were found in the city of <a href="/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Kingston upon Hull">Hull</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A group of people rape one or more people. Usually, the perpetrators are younger than in the case that one single person rapes another one. Most of the time, the perpetrators are male, though there were cases were women also took part in the rape. Usually there is a hierarchy in the group of people who rape. Very often, the rape is planned in advance. In the group, people commit a serious crime, which any group members would not have committed if they had been on their own. Moral values within the group are important. Usually, the victims are humiliated and objectified. The victim feels helpless, also because there are many people acting in a group. In the group, this helplessness thrills the perpetrators, who see this as a form of leisure activity. If the perpetrators are more well-known, they will act more ruthlessly. This kind of rape causes severe physical and psychological damage to the victim. The damage will be more severe than in the case of one person raping another. There are few scientific studies, this is because this form of rape is relatively rare.</li> <li>In wars, civil wears and ethic cleansing operations, it is relatively common that women and children of the opponents are raped. This kind of rape is a war crime. Examples are forced prostitution in brothels. More than half of all the victims are children.</li> <li>Sometimes, rape occurs during military service. This is often not reported.</li> <li>Sometimes, rape is used as a method of torture.</li> <li>In some cases, women were raped with the consent of the regime. This was the case in Iran, where women sentenced to death were raped before being executed. The Shiite belief is that unmarried women who are killed enter paradise as virgins. Raping them before execution would prevent that, in the view of the people</li> <li>Rape that occurs between people who are married.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Marital_rape">Marital rape</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rape&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Change section: Marital rape" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rape&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Marital rape"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Marital_rape" class="mw-redirect" title="Marital rape">Marital rape</a> is where the victim of rape is <a href="/wiki/Marriage" title="Marriage">married</a> to the person committing the rape. Non-consensual sex with a married partner is thought to be rape under the laws of some countries but not others. In the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a>, marital rape was determined to be a crime in the case of <i>R v. R</i> (1991). Marital rape being illegal does not mean that the law is enforced. For example, in <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a> marital rape was made illegal in 1990, but by 2006 only one person had been <a href="/wiki/Conviction" title="Conviction">convicted</a> of it.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Effects_of_rape">Effects of rape</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rape&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Change section: Effects of rape" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rape&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Effects of rape"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Martin_Van_Maele_-_La_Grande_Danse_macabre_des_vifs_-_26.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Martin_Van_Maele_-_La_Grande_Danse_macabre_des_vifs_-_26.jpg/220px-Martin_Van_Maele_-_La_Grande_Danse_macabre_des_vifs_-_26.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="313" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Martin_Van_Maele_-_La_Grande_Danse_macabre_des_vifs_-_26.jpg/330px-Martin_Van_Maele_-_La_Grande_Danse_macabre_des_vifs_-_26.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f7/Martin_Van_Maele_-_La_Grande_Danse_macabre_des_vifs_-_26.jpg 2x" data-file-width="422" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>A man rapes a woman in a field, drawing by Martin Van Maele</figcaption></figure> <p>Rape is a <a href="/wiki/Medical_emergency" title="Medical emergency">medical emergency</a>. People who are raped may be <a href="/wiki/Injury" title="Injury">injured</a> or have a <a href="/wiki/Sexually_transmitted_disease" title="Sexually transmitted disease">sexually transmitted disease</a> (STD). People may not know they are hurt or sick. Doctors can give medicine to treat an STD. <a href="/wiki/HIV" title="HIV">HIV</a>, an STD, can be prevented by early treatment. If seen quickly, a doctor can give <a href="/wiki/Medication" title="Medication">medication</a> called <a href="/wiki/Emergency_contraception" title="Emergency contraception">emergency contraception</a> to prevent <a href="/wiki/Pregnancy" title="Pregnancy">pregnancy</a>. Rape is at least twice as likely to cause <a href="/wiki/Pregnancy" title="Pregnancy">pregnancy</a> as consensual sex. The reason for this is not known.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the <a href="/wiki/Hospital" title="Hospital">hospital</a>, <a href="/wiki/Police" title="Police">police</a> can collect <a href="/wiki/Evidence_(law)" title="Evidence (law)">evidence</a> from the victim and his/her <a href="/wiki/Clothing" title="Clothing">clothing</a>. Evidence may help find the rapist, and can help the police send him or her to <a href="/wiki/Prison" title="Prison">jail</a>. Waiting too long makes it hard to collect evidence. Also, taking a shower before telling the police or going to a hospital can wash off some of the <a href="/wiki/DNA" title="DNA">DNA</a> evidence. </p><p>Victims of rape often feel scared, sad, and/or <a href="/wiki/Guilt_(emotion)" title="Guilt (emotion)">guilty</a>. They may think about the rape a lot, even when they do not want to. They may have <a href="/wiki/Nightmare" title="Nightmare">nightmares</a> about the rape. Many have <a href="/wiki/Post-traumatic_stress_disorder" title="Post-traumatic stress disorder">post-traumatic stress disorder</a>. People who are raped during <a href="/wiki/Childhood" title="Childhood">childhood</a> or <a href="/wiki/Adolescence" title="Adolescence">adolescence</a> often get <a href="/wiki/Borderline_personality_disorder" title="Borderline personality disorder">borderline personality disorder</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Talking to someone, like a <a href="/wiki/Counselor" title="Counselor">counselor</a>, can help. Rape counselors are trained to help rape victims. Sometimes <a href="/wiki/Medical_doctor" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical doctor">doctors</a> can give <a href="/wiki/Medicine" title="Medicine">medicine</a> to decrease fear and sadness. Calling a rape crisis center or <a href="/wiki/Hotline" title="Hotline">hotline</a> can help a victim find help. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rapists">Rapists</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rape&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Change section: Rapists" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rape&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Rapists"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rape is a form of <a href="/wiki/Sexual_violence" title="Sexual violence">sexual violence</a>. Almost all people who become rapists are male, only about one percent are female. Rapists are usually people who know the victim. In about 15 percent of the cases, the victim did not know the rapist. In many cases, the rapists were former partners of the victim. When the victim calls for help, or tries to oppose the attacker, these actions were successful more often, if the attacker was unknown. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Victims">Victims</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rape&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Change section: Victims" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rape&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Victims"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Listening_to_girls_in_Zambia_(8220719638).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Listening_to_girls_in_Zambia_%288220719638%29.jpg/220px-Listening_to_girls_in_Zambia_%288220719638%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Listening_to_girls_in_Zambia_%288220719638%29.jpg/330px-Listening_to_girls_in_Zambia_%288220719638%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Listening_to_girls_in_Zambia_%288220719638%29.jpg/440px-Listening_to_girls_in_Zambia_%288220719638%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>In <a href="/wiki/Zambia" title="Zambia">Zambia</a>, 43% of girls and women between the ages of 15 and 49 have experienced some form of sexual violence.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Victims of rape or <a href="/wiki/Sexual_assault" title="Sexual assault">sexual assault</a> come from a wide range of <a href="/wiki/Gender" title="Gender">genders</a>, ages, <a href="/wiki/Sexual_orientation" title="Sexual orientation">sexual orientations</a>, ethnicities, geographical locations, cultures, and degrees of impairment or <a href="/wiki/Disability" title="Disability">disability</a>. When classifying rapes, there are a number of categories. These categories include things like if the victim knew the attacker, what kind of relationship they had. Kinds of rape include <a href="/w/index.php?title=Date_rape&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Date rape (not yet started)">date rape</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gang_rape" title="Gang rape">gang rape</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marital_rape" class="mw-redirect" title="Marital rape">marital rape</a>, <a href="/wiki/Incest" title="Incest">incestual rape</a>, <a href="/wiki/Child_sexual_abuse" title="Child sexual abuse">child sexual abuse</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Prison_rape&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prison rape (not yet started)">prison rape</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Acquaintance_rape&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acquaintance rape (not yet started)">acquaintance rape</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=War_rape&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="War rape (not yet started)">war rape</a> and <a href="/wiki/Statutory_rape" title="Statutory rape">statutory rape</a>. Forced sexual activity can be committed over a long period of time with little to no physical injury.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rosdahl_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rosdahl-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kelly2011_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kelly2011-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Motives">Motives</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rape&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Change section: Motives" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rape&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Motives"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The WHO states that the main factors that lead to sexual violence against women, including rape, are:<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>beliefs in family honor and sexual purity;</li> <li>attitudes of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Male_entitlement&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Male entitlement (not yet started)">male sexual entitlement</a>;</li> <li>weak legal sanctions for <a href="/wiki/Sexual_violence" title="Sexual violence">sexual violence</a>.</li></ul> <p>There is no single factor that can explain why people rape other people. The motives are usually multi-faceted. A few of the factors that have been proposed are: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anger" title="Anger">anger</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>power (they do it because they can)<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>sadism</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sexual_gratification&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sexual gratification (not yet started)">sexual gratification</a> (it makes them feel good)</li></ul> <p>Rape may also have a benefit in evolution.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In many male groups, sexual aggression is a means of identifying, and of getting a higher status in the group. People who resort to sexual aggression may get a higher esteem among male peers.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among young men, sexually aggressive behavior has been correlated with being part of a gang or a group,, as well as having other delinquent peers.<sup id="cite_ref-Ouimette_PC_1998_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ouimette_PC_1998-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Borowsky_IW_1997_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Borowsky_IW_1997-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many rapists think <a href="/wiki/Gang_rape" title="Gang rape">gang rape</a> may be justified, to discourage women from behaviour the men consider immoral. Such behaviour may be that women ear short skirts, or that they visit a bar. Gang rape may lasso be used to punish women, if they engaged in such behaviour. In some areas in <a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a>, women can be punished by public gang rape, usually through permission by elders. <sup id="cite_ref-Jenkins_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jenkins-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The date of the event predicted near this tag has passed. (May 2020)">needs update</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Gang Rape and mass rape are often seen as a means of male bonding. This can be seen among soldiers. About three quarters of rapes in wartime are gang rapes. During peacetime, gang rape counts for less than a quarter of the cases. Commanders sometimes tell recruits to rape. Raping can be taboo and illegal. This means it will build loyalty among the people involved. Rebel groups who have forced recruitment as opposed to volunteer recruits are more involved in rape, as it is believed the recruits start with less loyalty to the group.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Papua New Guinea, urban gangs such as <a href="/w/index.php?title=Raskol_gangs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raskol gangs (not yet started)">Raskol gangs</a> often require new members to rape women as part of their initiation.<sup id="cite_ref-vlad_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vlad-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Perpetrators of <a href="/wiki/Sex_trafficking" class="mw-redirect" title="Sex trafficking">sex trafficking</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cybersex_trafficking" title="Cybersex trafficking">cybersex trafficking</a> allow or carry out rape<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated7_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated7-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for financial gain<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and/or sexual gratification.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rape_pornography&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rape pornography (not yet started)">Rape pornography</a>, including <a href="/wiki/Child_pornography" title="Child pornography">child pornography</a>, is created for profit and other reasons.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There have been instances of <a href="/wiki/Child_sexual_abuse" title="Child sexual abuse">child sexual abuse</a> and child rape videos on <a href="/wiki/Pornhub" title="Pornhub">Pornhub</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rape_culture">Rape culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rape&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Change section: Rape culture" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rape&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section's source code: Rape culture"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some people believe in 'rape <a href="/wiki/Culture" title="Culture">culture</a>'. For example, they say that the United States has a rape culture. Rape culture is a <a href="/wiki/Culture" title="Culture">culture</a> that lets rape happen. It even encourages it. In the US 97% of rapists are never put in prison for their crimes.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some people are worried about women lying about being raped and men getting unfairly <a href="/wiki/Punishment" title="Punishment">punished</a>. This happens much less often than people think. In a study of college athletes, they thought that women lie about being raped 50% of the time.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2005 study by the British Home Office found that 2.5% of rape reports were false.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Part of rape culture is <a href="/wiki/Victim_blaming" title="Victim blaming">victim blaming</a>. This is when people say that someone who has been raped is the person to blame for their rape. An example of this is people saying that a rape victim was 'asking for it' because they were wearing a short <a href="/wiki/Skirt" title="Skirt">skirt</a>. It can also be more subtle. Victim blaming has been linked to the just world fallacy. This is when people think that the world is fair, so bad things only happen to people who have done something wrong. Victim-blaming is also related to <a href="/w/index.php?title=%27slut-shaming%27&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="'slut-shaming' (not yet started)">'slut-shaming'</a>. The idea of rape culture has been <a href="/wiki/Criticism" title="Criticism">criticized</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Christina_Hoff_Sommers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christina Hoff Sommers (not yet started)">Christina Hoff Sommers</a> argues that rape is just one type of <a href="/wiki/Violent_crime" title="Violent crime">violent crime</a> and America's culture of violence in general is what should be fought.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rape_in_wartime">Rape in wartime</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rape&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Change section: Rape in wartime" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rape&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section's source code: Rape in wartime"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gottfried_Sieben_-_Balkangreuel_-_10.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Gottfried_Sieben_-_Balkangreuel_-_10.jpg/220px-Gottfried_Sieben_-_Balkangreuel_-_10.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Gottfried_Sieben_-_Balkangreuel_-_10.jpg/330px-Gottfried_Sieben_-_Balkangreuel_-_10.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Gottfried_Sieben_-_Balkangreuel_-_10.jpg/440px-Gottfried_Sieben_-_Balkangreuel_-_10.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1049" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> soldiers raping women in the <a href="/wiki/Balkans" title="Balkans">Balkans</a>, Gottfried Sieben, <i>Balkangreuel</i></figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9671799">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See the main article: <a href="/wiki/Wartime_sexual_violence" title="Wartime sexual violence">Wartime sexual violence</a></div> <p>Rape is frequently used as a form of <a href="/wiki/Psychological_warfare" title="Psychological warfare">psychological warfare</a> and <a href="/wiki/Torture" title="Torture">torture</a> during wartime, and is considered a <a href="/wiki/Crime_against_humanity" class="mw-redirect" title="Crime against humanity">crime against humanity</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Statistics">Statistics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rape&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Change section: Statistics" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rape&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section's source code: Statistics"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It is not easy to find out how many people have been raped or how many people have raped. A lot of rape victims don't tell anyone that they were raped. They may be scared that they will not be believed or feel too ashamed to talk about what happened. The conviction rate for rape is very low so they might think reporting to police is a waste of time. The 2006-07 British Crime Survey found that 1 in every 200 women suffered from rape in that period. The same year 800 people were convicted of rape. This means less than 1 in every 100 reports of rape led to a conviction.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Statistical_survey" title="Statistical survey">survey</a> by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mumsnet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mumsnet (not yet started)">Mumsnet</a> found that 68% of women would hesitate reporting a rape to the police because of low conviction rates.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> So rape report statistics are not reliable. A person may be raped but <a href="/wiki/Denial" title="Denial">deny</a> or not realize that what happened to them is rape, so would not say 'yes' if they were asked in survey if they had been raped. A person is more likely to say they were raped or raped someone if the word 'rape' is not used in a survey question. Different countries have different legal definitions of rape. Marital rape or rape that is not male-female is not always counted in the law or <a href="/wiki/Statistics" title="Statistics">statistics</a>. Some studies ask what people think about rape instead of or as well of if they have raped or been raped. This comes from the idea that rape is a social problem. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rape&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Change section: United States" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rape&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section's source code: United States"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One in five women in the U.S. say they have been raped in their lives.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One in three <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native American</a> women has been a victim of rape or attempted rape.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One in six men in the U.S. say they were raped or <a href="/wiki/Sexual_abuse" title="Sexual abuse">sexually abused</a> before age 18.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Prostitution" title="Prostitution">Prostitutes</a> have possibly the highest rape rate in the <a href="/wiki/Population" title="Population">population</a>. A 1996 study in San Francisco found that 70% of a sample of 200 female prostitutes had been raped.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rape&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Change section: United Kingdom" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rape&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section's source code: United Kingdom"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Opinion Matters surveyed a random sample of 1061 people in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> aged 18 to 50 online. 20% had been raped (23% of 712 women and 15% of 349 men).<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a 2005 poll 26% of people thought that a woman is partly or fully responsible for her rape if she was wearing sexy clothing. 4% thought that there are more than 10,000 women raped a year.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>60% of 1000 women in a Rape Crisis survey thought that rape is not rape if the woman does not say 'no'. 16% had been raped.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 2009 study by <a href="/w/index.php?title=NSPCC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NSPCC (not yet started)">NSPCC</a> found that 1 in 16 girls between the age of 13 and 17 who were in relationships had been raped.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a survey between 2010 and 2012 of adults living in <a href="/wiki/Great_Britain" title="Great Britain">Britain</a>, 9.8% of women said they had been raped and 1.4% of men said they had been raped.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2013 the 'Savile effect' was described in the <a href="/wiki/Mass_media" title="Mass media">media</a>. In 2012 there was a lot of media coverage about claims of child sexual abuse against <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Savile" title="Jimmy Savile">Jimmy Savile</a>. The number of sex crimes reported to police increased 9%. This was linked to the sexual abuse scandal.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Finland">Finland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rape&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Change section: Finland" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rape&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section's source code: Finland"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a> convicted rapists get very short <a href="/wiki/Sentence_(law)" title="Sentence (law)">sentences</a> compared to other countries. Between 2001 and 2003 the average sentence for rape was two years in prison.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Asia/Pacific"><span id="Asia.2FPacific"></span>Asia/Pacific</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rape&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Change section: Asia/Pacific" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rape&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section's source code: Asia/Pacific"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2013 a study by the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> was published that asked 10,178 men in six countries (<a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cambodia" title="Cambodia">Cambodia</a>, <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Papua_New_Guinea" title="Papua New Guinea">Papua New Guinea</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a>) if they had raped a woman who was not their partner. Over one in 10 said yes. When they were asked if they had raped a woman who was their partner, 1 in 4 said yes, making headlines. The highest rate was 62% of men in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bougainville_Island&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bougainville Island (not yet started)">Bougainville Island</a>, Papua New Guinea who said they had raped a woman. 7.6% had raped a man. 14% of men from the area had took part in <a href="/wiki/Gang_rape" title="Gang rape">gang rape</a>. </p><p>2.8% of the whole sample reported having raped another man. The lowest rate was 10 per cent in <a href="/wiki/Urban_area" title="Urban area">urban</a> <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The majority of the men who had raped did not face any legal consequences. 42.7% had first raped between the age of 15 and 19. </p><p>73% said they raped because of sexual entitlement. 59% said they did it for fun. 38% said they had raped a woman to punish her. Alcohol was the least common reason. Men who had been sexually abused were more likely to rape. </p><p>20.8% of 1,863 Cambodian men had raped. Gang rape was the least common kind of rape in Cambodia. In Cambodia it was more common than non-partner rape by a rapist on their own. 81.7 percent of Cambodian women said that if a woman does not physically fight back it is not rape. Other research found that 87% of Cambodian girls and 87% of Cambodian boys don't think that gang rape of a prostitute by a group of men is wrong or actually rape.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>96.5% of Sri Lankan men who raped experienced no legal consequences. </p><p>20% of 8000 <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">Indian</a> men in a survey by ICRW had committed marital rape.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a survey by IUSSP 32% of Indian women said they had been raped in their lives.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The conviction rate for rape in India is 24.21%.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South_Africa">South Africa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rape&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Change section: South Africa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rape&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section's source code: South Africa"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a> has been described as the rape capital of the world. In a study in the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Cape" title="Eastern Cape">Eastern Cape</a> and <a href="/wiki/KwaZulu-Natal" title="KwaZulu-Natal">KwaZulu-Natal</a> by the South African Medical Research Council over one in four of 1737 <a href="/wiki/Anonymity" title="Anonymity">anonymously</a> surveyed men said that they had raped. 4.6% had raped and 5.3% had attempted rape in the last year. 16.8% had attempted rape ever. 8.9% had engaged in gang rape in their lives. 46.3% of men who had raped had raped more than one woman or girl and 53.9% had raped more than once. 7.1% raped 6-10. 7.7% said they had raped more than ten women or girls. 45% did not feel guilty. 9.8% of rapists were under 10 years old and 16.4% were 10–14 years old the first time they raped a girl of woman. However the sample contained more young men than the general population. The men who raped were much more likely to have experienced <a href="/wiki/Bullying" title="Bullying">bullying</a> and bad relationships with their parents. The most common reason given by the rapists for raping was entitlement.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In another study in <a href="/wiki/Gauteng" title="Gauteng">Gauteng</a>, South Africa's <a href="/wiki/Wealth" title="Wealth">wealthiest</a> <a href="/wiki/Province" title="Province">province</a>, over 1 in 3 (37.4%) of the 487 men asked admitted to rape. Two thirds of men said they raped because of feeling entitled to sex. Other reasons given were that they wanted to have fun or to punish a woman. 25.3% of 511 women said they had been raped.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Community Information, Empowerment and Transparency (CIET) Africa says that in 1998, one in three of the 4,000 women they asked in <a href="/wiki/Johannesburg" title="Johannesburg">Johannesburg</a> were raped.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A 2013 study of grade-nine boys at 46 <a href="/wiki/Secondary_school" title="Secondary school">secondary schools</a> in <a href="/wiki/Cape_Town" title="Cape Town">Cape Town</a> and <a href="/wiki/Port_Elizabeth" class="mw-redirect" title="Port Elizabeth">Port Elizabeth</a> found that 17.2% had raped.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A study of 1370 <a href="/wiki/Rural_area" title="Rural area">rural</a> South African men aged 15–26 from 70 <a href="/wiki/Village" title="Village">villages</a> found that 21% had raped. The average age of first rape was 17.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other very different statistics have been reported. </p><p>In "The South African demographic and health survey of 1998" 4% of women aged 15 to 49 said they had been raped. The reason for the differences in the statistics are not known.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rape between men is not part of the legal rape definition in South Africa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lesotho">Lesotho</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rape&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Change section: Lesotho" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rape&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section's source code: Lesotho"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In a study of 1,049 women in <a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a>, 33% said they had been raped by the age of 18. In 66% of cases the rapist was a boyfriend.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tanzania">Tanzania</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rape&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Change section: Tanzania" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rape&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section's source code: Tanzania"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A study in <a href="/wiki/Dar_es_Salaam" title="Dar es Salaam">Dar es Salaam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tanzania" title="Tanzania">Tanzania's</a> largest city, found that 1 out of 5 women over the age of 12 (the age group studied) have been raped.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 10% had reported their rapes to police. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Democratic_Republic_of_Congo">Democratic Republic of Congo</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rape&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Change section: Democratic Republic of Congo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rape&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section's source code: Democratic Republic of Congo"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A 2010 study estimated that 1,100 women are raped every day in the <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_Congo" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Republic of Congo">Democratic Republic of Congo</a>, a statistic 26 times higher than the previous estimate.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>An analysis of 2,565 patients who received medical care in the <a href="/wiki/Doctors_Without_Borders" title="Doctors Without Borders">Médecins Sans Frontières</a> <a href="/wiki/Sexual_violence" title="Sexual violence">sexual violence</a> clinic in Ituri found that 96% were female. 73% were raped by <a href="/wiki/Weapon" title="Weapon">armed</a> men. 95.2% of the male victims were raped by armed men. 35.9% of females who were asked if they had became pregnant as a result of their rape said yes. 74.5% experienced gang rape (89.3% of male and 73.9% of female victims), usually involving 2-4 rapists. 48.6% of victims were raped while doing daily chores outside the home like collecting water and 12.3% in their own homes.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Botswana">Botswana</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rape&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Change section: Botswana" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rape&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section's source code: Botswana"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>10.3% of women in <a href="/wiki/Botswana" title="Botswana">Botswana</a> said that they had been raped in a 2011 study. 3.9% of men said they had raped.<sup id="cite_ref-ncbi.nlm.nih.gov_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ncbi.nlm.nih.gov-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Eswatini">Eswatini</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rape&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Change section: Eswatini" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rape&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section's source code: Eswatini"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>5% of <a href="/wiki/Eswatini" title="Eswatini">Eswatini</a> men in a study had raped.<sup id="cite_ref-ncbi.nlm.nih.gov_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ncbi.nlm.nih.gov-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 11.4% of women had been raped. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rape&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Change section: Ethiopia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rape&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section's source code: Ethiopia"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A study in <a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa" title="Addis Ababa">Addis Ababa</a> of high school boys found that 4.3% had been raped in their lives.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a sample of street females in Bahir-Dar town 24.3% had been raped in their lives and 11.4% were raped in the last year. 93.8% of the rapes were not reported. 19.1% became pregnant as a result of their rape. </p><p>A study of 374 female students at <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wolaita_Sodo_University&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wolaita Sodo University (not yet started)">Wolaita Sodo University</a> found that 23.4% had experienced attempted rape and 8.7% had been raped. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a> (WHO) found among a sample of women in rural <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a> who had had sex, 17% said that the first time they had sex it was forced.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ghana">Ghana</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rape&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Change section: Ghana" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rape&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section's source code: Ghana"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In a survey 8% of 2011 <a href="/wiki/Ghana" title="Ghana">Ghanaian</a> women had been raped. 5% of men had raped a wife or girlfriend.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nigeria">Nigeria</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rape&veaction=edit&section=27" title="Change section: Nigeria" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rape&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section's source code: Nigeria"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Out of a sample of 295 female students from Ebonyi State University Abakaliki in Southeast <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a>, 10.8% had been raped on campus.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In another study of 12-19-year-old students from schools in Oyo State found that 68.3% of <a href="/wiki/Intellectual_disability" title="Intellectual disability">intellectually disabled</a> females with sexual experience had been raped.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In a 2013 poll, 34% of 585 randomly chosen Nigerians said that 'indecent dressing' is the most common cause of rape in their <a href="/wiki/Society" title="Society">society</a>. 79% agreed with the statement 'most rapes in Nigeria go unreported'.<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Nigeria raping someone you are married to (marital rape) is not recognized as a crime.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other_websites">Other websites</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rape&veaction=edit&section=28" title="Change section: Other websites" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rape&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section's source code: Other websites"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9671870">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r8662964">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Rape" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Rape"><span style="">Rape</span></a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/rcip//internl.html">International Rape Crisis Hotlines</a> The is a list of International Rape Crisis Hotlines from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/rcip/">Rape Crisis Information</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.soc.ucsb.edu/sexinfo/?article=violence&refid=011menu">University of California, Santa Barbara's SexInfo</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081005035257/http://www.soc.ucsb.edu/sexinfo/?article=violence&refid=011menu">Archived</a> 2008-10-05 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> This article discusses different types of rape including date rape, gang rape, marital rape, prison rape, acquaintance rape, and wartime rape.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rainn.org/">Rape, Abuse, & Incest National Network</a> RAINN is the largest anti-sexual assault organization.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.1in6.org">1 in 6: Support for Men and Those who Care About Them</a> Website for men who have been raped or sexually abused</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rape&veaction=edit&section=29" title="Change section: References" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>change</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rape&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section's source code: References"><span>change source</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724317">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r9724332">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130719074728/http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/cjis/cjis-link/march-2012/ucr-program-changes-definition-of-rape">"FBI — UCR Program Changes Definition of Rape"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fbi.gov/about-us/cjis/cjis-link/march-2012/ucr-program-changes-definition-of-rape">the original</a> on 2013-07-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-09-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=FBI+%E2%80%94+UCR+Program+Changes+Definition+of+Rape&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fbi.gov%2Fabout-us%2Fcjis%2Fcjis-link%2Fmarch-2012%2Fucr-program-changes-definition-of-rape&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ARape" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fra.europa.eu/en/publication/2014/violence-against-women-eu-wide-survey">Violence against women: an EU‑wide survey</a> abgerufen am 1. Dezember 2021</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KB-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-KB_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">D. G. Kilpatrick, C. L. Best: <i>Sexual assault victims: data from a random national probability sample.</i> 36th Annual Meeting of the Southeastern Psychological Association, Atlanta (Georgia) 1990.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rachel Jewkes, Emma Fulu, Tim Roselli, Claudia Garcia-Moreno: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thelancet.com/journals/langlo/article/PIIS2214-109X(13)70069-X/fulltext"><i>Prevalence of and factors associated with non-partner rape perpetration: findings from the UN Multi-country Cross-sectional Study on Men and Violence in Asia and the Pacific.</i></a> In: <i>The Lancet Global Health.</i> Band 1, Ausgabe 4, 2013.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFSusie_Beever" class="citation web cs1">Susie Beever. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hulldailymail.co.uk/news/hull-east-yorkshire-news/hull-grooming-gang-victim-locked-6301406">"Hull sex gang victim on her harrowing ordeal at hands of up to 100 men"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hull+sex+gang+victim+on+her+harrowing+ordeal+at+hands+of+up+to+100+men&rft.au=Susie+Beever&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hulldailymail.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fhull-east-yorkshire-news%2Fhull-grooming-gang-victim-locked-6301406&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ARape" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|accessed=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span>; <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|datum=</code> ignored (<code class="cs1-code">|date=</code> suggested) (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored_suggest" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140726165217/http://www.irishhealth.com/article.html?id=8909">"Archived copy"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.irishhealth.com/article.html?id=8909">the original</a> on 2014-07-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-09-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.irishhealth.com%2Farticle.html%3Fid%3D8909&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ARape" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFGottschallGottschall2003" class="citation journal cs1">Gottschall, Jonathan A.; Gottschall, Tiffani A. (1 March 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s12110-003-1014-0">"Are per-incident rape-pregnancy rates higher than per-incident consensual pregnancy rates?"</a>. <i>Human Nature</i>. <b>14</b> (1): 1–20. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2Fs12110-003-1014-0">10.1007/s12110-003-1014-0</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1045-6767">1045-6767</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26189986">26189986</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:20886610">20886610</a> – via Springer Link.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Human+Nature&rft.atitle=Are+per-incident+rape-pregnancy+rates+higher+than+per-incident+consensual+pregnancy+rates%3F&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-20&rft.date=2003-03-01&rft.issn=1045-6767&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A20886610%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F26189986&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2Fs12110-003-1014-0&rft.aulast=Gottschall&rft.aufirst=Jonathan+A.&rft.au=Gottschall%2C+Tiffani+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1007%2Fs12110-003-1014-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ARape" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFBozzatelloRoccaBaldassarriBosia2021" class="citation journal cs1">Bozzatello, Paola; Rocca, Paola; Baldassarri, Lorenzo; Bosia, Marco; Bellino, Silvio (2021-09-23). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychiatry/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.721361/full">"The Role of Trauma in Early Onset Borderline Personality Disorder: A Biopsychosocial Perspective"</a>. <i>Frontiers in Psychiatry</i>. <b>12</b>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3389%2Ffpsyt.2021.721361">10.3389/fpsyt.2021.721361</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1664-0640">1664-0640</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Frontiers+in+Psychiatry&rft.atitle=The+Role+of+Trauma+in+Early+Onset+Borderline+Personality+Disorder%3A+A+Biopsychosocial+Perspective&rft.volume=12&rft.date=2021-09-23&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3389%2Ffpsyt.2021.721361&rft.issn=1664-0640&rft.aulast=Bozzatello&rft.aufirst=Paola&rft.au=Rocca%2C+Paola&rft.au=Baldassarri%2C+Lorenzo&rft.au=Bosia%2C+Marco&rft.au=Bellino%2C+Silvio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.frontiersin.org%2Fjournals%2Fpsychiatry%2Farticles%2F10.3389%2Ffpsyt.2021.721361%2Ffull&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ARape" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unflagged_free_DOI" title="Category:CS1 maint: unflagged free DOI">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.equalitynow.org/zambia_end_sexual_violence_in_schools">"Zambia: End Sexual Violence in Schools"</a>. <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Equality_Now&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Equality Now (not yet started)">Equality Now</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Equality+Now&rft.atitle=Zambia%3A+End+Sexual+Violence+in+Schools&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.equalitynow.org%2Fzambia_end_sexual_violence_in_schools&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ARape" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190407114548/http://www.soc.ucsb.edu/sexinfo/article/rape">"UCSB's SexInfo"</a>. Soc.ucsb.edu. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.soc.ucsb.edu/sexinfo/article/rape">the original</a> on 2019-04-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-12-31</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UCSB%27s+SexInfo&rft.pub=Soc.ucsb.edu&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.soc.ucsb.edu%2Fsexinfo%2Farticle%2Frape&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ARape" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rosdahl-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Rosdahl_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFRosdahl2012" class="citation book cs1">Rosdahl, Caroline (2012). <i>Textbook of basic nursing</i>. Philadelphia: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60547-772-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60547-772-5"><bdi>978-1-60547-772-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Textbook+of+basic+nursing&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pub=Wolters+Kluwer+Health%2FLippincott+Williams+%26+Wilkins&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-60547-772-5&rft.aulast=Rosdahl&rft.aufirst=Caroline&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ARape" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kelly2011-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Kelly2011_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="error mw-ext-cite-error" lang="en" dir="ltr">Cite error: The named reference <code>Kelly2011</code> was used but no text was provided for refs named (see the <a href="/wiki/Help:Cite_errors/Cite_error_references_no_text" title="Help:Cite errors/Cite error references no text">help page</a>). </span></li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFWHO2012" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">WHO</a> (23 November 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs239/en/">"Violence against women"</a>. <i>who.int</i>. <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">World Health Organization</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 February</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=who.int&rft.atitle=Violence+against+women&rft.date=2012-11-23&rft.au=WHO&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.who.int%2Fmediacentre%2Ffactsheets%2Ffs239%2Fen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ARape" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Oliva, Janet R. S<i>exually Motivated Crimes: Understanding the Profile of the Sex Offender and Applying Theory to Practice</i>. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2013.Pg 72</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Oliva, Janet R. <i>Sexually Motivated Crimes: Understanding the Profile of the Sex Offender and Applying Theory to Practice</i>. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2013.Pg 72</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFThornhillPalmer2000" class="citation book cs1">Thornhill, Randy; Palmer, Craig T. (2000). <i>A natural history of rape biological bases of sexual coercion</i>. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-282-09687-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-282-09687-5"><bdi>978-1-282-09687-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+natural+history+of+rape+biological+bases+of+sexual+coercion&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+Massachusetts&rft.pub=MIT+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-1-282-09687-5&rft.aulast=Thornhill&rft.aufirst=Randy&rft.au=Palmer%2C+Craig+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ARape" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFPinker2003" class="citation cs2">Pinker, Steven (2003), "Chapter 19: children", in Pinker, Steven (ed.), <i>The blank slate: the modern denial of human nature</i>, London: Penguin Group, pp. 372–399, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-101-20032-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-101-20032-2"><bdi>978-1-101-20032-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+19%3A+children&rft.btitle=The+blank+slate%3A+the+modern+denial+of+human+nature&rft.place=London&rft.pages=372-399&rft.pub=Penguin+Group&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-101-20032-2&rft.aulast=Pinker&rft.aufirst=Steven&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ARape" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFPettyDawson1989" class="citation journal cs1">Petty GM, Dawson B (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_personality-and-individual-differences_1989_10_3/page/355">"Sexual aggression in normal men: incidence, beliefs and personality characteristics"</a>. <i>Personality and Individual Differences</i>. <b>10</b> (3): 355–362. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0191-8869%2889%2990109-8">10.1016/0191-8869(89)90109-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Personality+and+Individual+Differences&rft.atitle=Sexual+aggression+in+normal+men%3A+incidence%2C+beliefs+and+personality+characteristics&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=355-362&rft.date=1989&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0191-8869%2889%2990109-8&rft.aulast=Petty&rft.aufirst=GM&rft.au=Dawson%2C+B&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_personality-and-individual-differences_1989_10_3%2Fpage%2F355&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ARape" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ouimette_PC_1998-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Ouimette_PC_1998_19-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFOuimetteRiggs1998" class="citation journal cs1">Ouimette PC, Riggs D (1998). "Testing a mediational model of sexually aggressive behavior in nonincarcerated perpetrators". <i>Violence and Victims</i>. <b>13</b> (2): 117–130. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1891%2F0886-6708.13.2.117">10.1891/0886-6708.13.2.117</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9809392">9809392</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:33967482">33967482</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Violence+and+Victims&rft.atitle=Testing+a+mediational+model+of+sexually+aggressive+behavior+in+nonincarcerated+perpetrators&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=117-130&rft.date=1998&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A33967482%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9809392&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1891%2F0886-6708.13.2.117&rft.aulast=Ouimette&rft.aufirst=PC&rft.au=Riggs%2C+D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ARape" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Borowsky_IW_1997-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Borowsky_IW_1997_20-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFBorowskyHoganIreland1997" class="citation journal cs1">Borowsky IW, Hogan M, Ireland M (1997). "Adolescent sexual aggression: risk and protective factors". <i>Pediatrics</i>. <b>100</b> (6): E7. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1542%2Fpeds.100.6.e7">10.1542/peds.100.6.e7</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9382908">9382908</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:20826647">20826647</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Pediatrics&rft.atitle=Adolescent+sexual+aggression%3A+risk+and+protective+factors&rft.volume=100&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=E7&rft.date=1997&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A20826647%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9382908&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1542%2Fpeds.100.6.e7&rft.aulast=Borowsky&rft.aufirst=IW&rft.au=Hogan%2C+M&rft.au=Ireland%2C+M&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ARape" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jenkins-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Jenkins_21-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jenkins C. Sexual behavior in Papua New Guinea. In: Report of the Third Annual Meeting of the International Network on Violence Against Women, January 1998. Washington, DC, International Network on Violence Against Women, 1998. </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/international/2018/10/13/the-nobel-committee-shines-a-spotlight-on-rape-in-conflict">"Nobel committee shines a spotlight on rape in conflict"</a>. The Economist Magazine<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Nobel+committee+shines+a+spotlight+on+rape+in+conflict&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Finternational%2F2018%2F10%2F13%2Fthe-nobel-committee-shines-a-spotlight-on-rape-in-conflict&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ARape" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-vlad-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-vlad_23-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vladsokhin.com/projects/crying-meri">"Crying Meri"</a>. Vlad Sokhin<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Crying+Meri&rft.pub=Vlad+Sokhin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vladsokhin.com%2Fprojects%2Fcrying-meri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ARape" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-24">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/tech/tech-news/cheap-tech-widespread-internet-access-fuel-rise-cybersex-trafficking-n886886">"Cheap tech and widespread internet access fuel rise in cybersex trafficking"</a>. <i>NBC News</i>. June 30, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Cheap+tech+and+widespread+internet+access+fuel+rise+in+cybersex+trafficking&rft.date=2018-06-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Ftech%2Ftech-news%2Fcheap-tech-widespread-internet-access-fuel-rise-cybersex-trafficking-n886886&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ARape" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation journal cs1">Carback, Joshua T. (2018). "Cybersex Trafficking: Toward a More Effective Prosecutorial Response". <i>Criminal Law Bulletin</i>. <b>54</b> (1): 64–183.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Criminal+Law+Bulletin&rft.atitle=Cybersex+Trafficking%3A+Toward+a+More+Effective+Prosecutorial+Response&rft.volume=54&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=64-183&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Carback&rft.aufirst=Joshua+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ARape" class="Z3988"></span> p. 64.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated7-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated7_26-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFSmithFarmer2019" class="citation news cs1">Smith, Nicola; Farmer, Ben (May 20, 2019). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/global-health/women-and-girls/oppressed-enslaved-brutalised-women-trafficked-north-korea-chinas/">"Oppressed, enslaved and brutalised: The women trafficked from North Korea into China's sex trade"</a></span>. <i>The Telegraph</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220110/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/global-health/women-and-girls/oppressed-enslaved-brutalised-women-trafficked-north-korea-chinas/">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-01-10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Telegraph&rft.atitle=Oppressed%2C+enslaved+and+brutalised%3A+The+women+trafficked+from+North+Korea+into+China%27s+sex+trade&rft.date=2019-05-20&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Nicola&rft.au=Farmer%2C+Ben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fglobal-health%2Fwomen-and-girls%2Foppressed-enslaved-brutalised-women-trafficked-north-korea-chinas%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ARape" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/news/nsw/first-paedophile-in-nsw-charged-with-cybersex-trafficking/news-story/bd7d1e178b1f6f55ad99f8d0433afa94">"First paedophile in NSW charged with cybersex trafficking"</a>. <i>the Daily Telegraph</i>. March 27, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=the+Daily+Telegraph&rft.atitle=First+paedophile+in+NSW+charged+with+cybersex+trafficking&rft.date=2017-03-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailytelegraph.com.au%2Fnews%2Fnsw%2Ffirst-paedophile-in-nsw-charged-with-cybersex-trafficking%2Fnews-story%2Fbd7d1e178b1f6f55ad99f8d0433afa94&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ARape" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.voanews.com/east-asia-pacific/philippines-makes-more-child-cybersex-crime-arrests-rescues">"Philippines Makes More Child Cybersex Crime Arrests, Rescues"</a>. <i>VOA</i>. May 12, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=VOA&rft.atitle=Philippines+Makes+More+Child+Cybersex+Crime+Arrests%2C+Rescues&rft.date=2017-05-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.voanews.com%2Feast-asia-pacific%2Fphilippines-makes-more-child-cybersex-crime-arrests-rescues&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ARape" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/legal-issues/website-selling-real-rape-and-child-pornography-videos-shut-down-after-arrest-in-netherlands-us-justice-department-says/2020/03/12/5f9f02ce-6471-11ea-acca-80c22bbee96f_story.html">"Website selling 'real' rape and child pornography videos shut down after arrest in Netherlands, Justice Department says"</a>. <i>The Washington Post</i>. March 12, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Website+selling+%27real%27+rape+and+child+pornography+videos+shut+down+after+arrest+in+Netherlands%2C+Justice+Department+says&rft.date=2020-03-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Flocal%2Flegal-issues%2Fwebsite-selling-real-rape-and-child-pornography-videos-shut-down-after-arrest-in-netherlands-us-justice-department-says%2F2020%2F03%2F12%2F5f9f02ce-6471-11ea-acca-80c22bbee96f_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ARape" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFMohan2020" class="citation web cs1">Mohan, Megha (May 8, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-52543508">"Call for credit card freeze on porn sites"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Call+for+credit+card+freeze+on+porn+sites&rft.date=2020-05-08&rft.aulast=Mohan&rft.aufirst=Megha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-52543508&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ARape" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/stories-51391981">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'I was raped at 14, and the video ended up on a porn site'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. BBC News. 10 February 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%27I+was+raped+at+14%2C+and+the+video+ended+up+on+a+porn+site%27&rft.pub=BBC+News&rft.date=2020-02-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fstories-51391981&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ARape" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-32">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rainn.org/statistics/criminal-justice-system">"The Criminal Justice System: Statistics - RAINN"</a>. <i>www.rainn.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.rainn.org&rft.atitle=The+Criminal+Justice+System%3A+Statistics+-+RAINN&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rainn.org%2Fstatistics%2Fcriminal-justice-system&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ARape" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130731031631/http://journals.cluteonline.com/index.php/CIER/article/viewFile/1201/1185">"Archived copy"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://journals.cluteonline.com/index.php/CIER/article/viewFile/1201/1185">the original</a> on 2013-07-31<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-09-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjournals.cluteonline.com%2Findex.php%2FCIER%2Farticle%2FviewFile%2F1201%2F1185&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ARape" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140319161850/http://www.icdv.idaho.gov/conference/handouts/False-Allegations.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.icdv.idaho.gov/conference/handouts/False-Allegations.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2014-03-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-09-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.icdv.idaho.gov%2Fconference%2Fhandouts%2FFalse-Allegations.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ARape" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131030000137/http://www.leaderu.com/real/ri9502/sommers.html">"Archived copy"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leaderu.com/real/ri9502/sommers.html">the original</a> on 2013-10-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-09-29</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.leaderu.com%2Freal%2Fri9502%2Fsommers.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ARape" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFEaston" class="citation web cs1">Easton, Mark. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/thereporters/markeaston/2008/07/rape_a_complex_crime.html">"BBC - Mark Easton's UK: Rape: A complex crime"</a>. <i>www.bbc.co.uk</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bbc.co.uk&rft.atitle=BBC+-+Mark+Easton%27s+UK%3A+Rape%3A+A+complex+crime&rft.aulast=Easton&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fblogs%2Fthereporters%2Fmarkeaston%2F2008%2F07%2Frape_a_complex_crime.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ARape" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130730082700/http://rapecrisis.org.uk/news_show.php?id=67">"Archived copy"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rapecrisis.org.uk/news_show.php?id=67">the original</a> on 2013-07-30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-09-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rapecrisis.org.uk%2Fnews_show.php%3Fid%3D67&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ARape" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.cdc.gov/ViolencePrevention/pdf/SV-DataSheet-a.pdf">https://www.cdc.gov/ViolencePrevention/pdf/SV-DataSheet-a.pdf</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130514110314/http://womenshealth.gov/minority-health/american-indians/violence.cfm">"American Indian/Alaska Native women and violence | womenshealth.gov"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.womenshealth.gov/minority-health/american-indians/violence.cfm">the original</a> on 2013-05-14<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-09-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=American+Indian%2FAlaska+Native+women+and+violence+%26%23124%3B+womenshealth.gov&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.womenshealth.gov%2Fminority-health%2Famerican-indians%2Fviolence.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ARape" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-40">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFDube_SR,_Anda_RF,_et_al._20052005" class="citation journal cs1">Dube SR, Anda RF, <i>et al.</i> 2005 (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_american-journal-of-preventive-medicine_2005-06_28_5/page/430">"Long-term consequences of childhood sexual abuse by gender of victim"</a>. <i>American Journal of Preventive Medicine</i>. <b>28</b> (5): 430–438. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.amepre.2005.01.015">10.1016/j.amepre.2005.01.015</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15894146">15894146</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Preventive+Medicine&rft.atitle=Long-term+consequences+of+childhood+sexual+abuse+by+gender+of+victim&rft.volume=28&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=430-438&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.amepre.2005.01.015&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F15894146&rft.au=Dube+SR%2C+Anda+RF%2C+%27%27et+al.%27%27+2005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_american-journal-of-preventive-medicine_2005-06_28_5%2Fpage%2F430&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ARape" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFBriere_J_and_Elliot_DM_20032003" class="citation journal cs1">Briere J and Elliot DM 2003 (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_child-abuse-neglect_2003-10_27_10/page/1205">"Prevalence and psychological sequelae of self-reported childhood physical and sexual abuse in a general population sample of men and women"</a>. <i>Child Abuse & Neglect</i>. <b>27</b> (10): 1205–1222. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.chiabu.2003.09.008">10.1016/j.chiabu.2003.09.008</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14602100">14602100</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Child+Abuse+%26+Neglect&rft.atitle=Prevalence+and+psychological+sequelae+of+self-reported+childhood+physical+and+sexual+abuse+in+a+general+population+sample+of+men+and+women&rft.volume=27&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=1205-1222&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.chiabu.2003.09.008&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F14602100&rft.au=Briere+J+and+Elliot+DM+2003&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_child-abuse-neglect_2003-10_27_10%2Fpage%2F1205&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ARape" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-42">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFHolmes_WC_and_Slap_GB_19981998" class="citation journal cs1">Holmes WC and Slap GB 1998 (1998). "Sexual abuse of boys: Definition, prevalence, correlates, sequelae, and management". <i>Journal of the American Medical Association</i>. <b>280</b> (21): 1855–1862. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1001%2Fjama.280.21.1855">10.1001/jama.280.21.1855</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9846781">9846781</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+American+Medical+Association&rft.atitle=Sexual+abuse+of+boys%3A+Definition%2C+prevalence%2C+correlates%2C+sequelae%2C+and+management&rft.volume=280&rft.issue=21&rft.pages=1855-1862&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1001%2Fjama.280.21.1855&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9846781&rft.au=Holmes+WC+and+Slap+GB+1998&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ARape" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_journal" title="Template:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-43">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200320191108/https://repository.asu.edu/attachments/110692/content/Cimino_asu_0010E_13111.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://repository.asu.edu/attachments/110692/content/Cimino_asu_0010E_13111.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2020-03-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-09-27</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frepository.asu.edu%2Fattachments%2F110692%2Fcontent%2FCimino_asu_0010E_13111.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ARape" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-44">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.thehavens.org.uk/media/Havens_Wake_Up_To_Rape_Report_Summary.pdf">http://www.thehavens.org.uk/media/Havens_Wake_Up_To_Rape_Report_Summary.pdf</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link since January 2021">permanent dead link</span></a></i>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-45">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amnesty.org.uk/press-releases">"Press Releases - Amnesty International UK"</a>. <i>www.amnesty.org.uk</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.amnesty.org.uk&rft.atitle=Press+Releases+-+Amnesty+International+UK&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amnesty.org.uk%2Fpress-releases&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ARape" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-46">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFButterly2013" class="citation news cs1">Butterly, Interviews by Declan Harvey and Natalie Wyatt, words Amelia (9 June 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/newsbeat/article/23973673/third-of-women-say-there-are-varying-degrees-of-rape">"Third of women say there are varying degrees of rape"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Third+of+women+say+there+are+varying+degrees+of+rape&rft.date=2013-06-09&rft.aulast=Butterly&rft.aufirst=Interviews+by+Declan+Harvey+and+Natalie+Wyatt%2C+words+Amelia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnewsbeat%2Farticle%2F23973673%2Fthird-of-women-say-there-are-varying-degrees-of-rape&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ARape" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_news" title="Template:Cite news">cite news</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-47">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131004202638/http://www.nspcc.org.uk/inform/research/findings/partner_exploitation_and_violence_wda68092.html">"Teenage domestic violence | Partner exploitation in teenage intimate relationships | NSPCC"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nspcc.org.uk/Inform/research/findings/partner_exploitation_and_violence_wda68092.html">the original</a> on 2013-10-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-10-04</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Teenage+domestic+violence+%26%23124%3B+Partner+exploitation+in+teenage+intimate+relationships+%26%23124%3B+NSPCC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nspcc.org.uk%2FInform%2Fresearch%2Ffindings%2Fpartner_exploitation_and_violence_wda68092.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ARape" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-48">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFMacDowallGibsonTantonMercer2013" class="citation journal cs1">MacDowall, Wendy; Gibson, L. J.; Tanton, C.; Mercer, C. H.; Lewis, R.; Clifton, S.; Field, N.; Datta, J.; Mitchell, K. R.; Sonnenberg, P.; Erens, B.; Copas, A. J.; Phelps, A.; Prah, P.; Johnson, A. M.; Wellings, K. (30 November 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3898964">"Lifetime prevalence, associated factors, and circumstances of non-volitional sex in women and men in Britain: Findings from the third National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles (Natsal-3)"</a>. <i>The Lancet</i>. <b>382</b> (9907): 1845–1855. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2813%2962300-4">10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62300-4</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3898964">3898964</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24286789">24286789</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Lancet&rft.atitle=Lifetime+prevalence%2C+associated+factors%2C+and+circumstances+of+non-volitional+sex+in+women+and+men+in+Britain%3A+Findings+from+the+third+National+Survey+of+Sexual+Attitudes+and+Lifestyles+%28Natsal-3%29&rft.volume=382&rft.issue=9907&rft.pages=1845-1855&rft.date=2013-11-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3898964%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F24286789&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0140-6736%2813%2962300-4&rft.aulast=MacDowall&rft.aufirst=Wendy&rft.au=Gibson%2C+L.+J.&rft.au=Tanton%2C+C.&rft.au=Mercer%2C+C.+H.&rft.au=Lewis%2C+R.&rft.au=Clifton%2C+S.&rft.au=Field%2C+N.&rft.au=Datta%2C+J.&rft.au=Mitchell%2C+K.+R.&rft.au=Sonnenberg%2C+P.&rft.au=Erens%2C+B.&rft.au=Copas%2C+A.+J.&rft.au=Phelps%2C+A.&rft.au=Prah%2C+P.&rft.au=Johnson%2C+A.+M.&rft.au=Wellings%2C+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3898964&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ARape" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-49">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFHarmes2013" class="citation news cs1">Harmes, Laura (1 July 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-23001428">"Recorded sex crime up since Savile"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Recorded+sex+crime+up+since+Savile&rft.date=2013-07-01&rft.aulast=Harmes&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-23001428&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ARape" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-50">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110317185917/http://www.amnesty.dk/sites/default/files/mediafiles/44/case-closed.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amnesty.dk/sites/default/files/mediafiles/44/case-closed.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2011-03-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-12-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amnesty.dk%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fmediafiles%2F44%2Fcase-closed.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ARape" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-51">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304030150/http://unwomen-asiapacific.org/docs/WhyDoSomeMenUseViolenceAgainstWomen_P4P_Report.pdf">"unwomen-asiapacific.org - Diese Website steht zum Verkauf! - Informationen zum Thema unwomen-asiapacific"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>unwomen-asiapacific.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://unwomen-asiapacific.org/docs/WhyDoSomeMenUseViolenceAgainstWomen_P4P_Report.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2016-03-04<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-09-10</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=unwomen-asiapacific.org&rft.atitle=unwomen-asiapacific.org+-+Diese+Website+steht+zum+Verkauf%21+-+Informationen+zum+Thema+unwomen-asiapacific.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Funwomen-asiapacific.org%2Fdocs%2FWhyDoSomeMenUseViolenceAgainstWomen_P4P_Report.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ARape" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-52">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120719183503/http://cambodia.ahrchk.net/mainfile.php/news200304/595/">"Gang Rape Has Become the Sport of the Young generation"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cambodia.ahrchk.net/mainfile.php/news200304/595">the original</a> on 2012-07-19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-09-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gang+Rape+Has+Become+the+Sport+of+the+Young+generation&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcambodia.ahrchk.net%2Fmainfile.php%2Fnews200304%2F595&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ARape" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-53">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190208173455/http://infochangeindia.org/women/news/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=7038">"Info Change India - Page Not Found"</a>. <i>infochangeindia.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://infochangeindia.org/women/news/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=7038">the original</a> on 2019-02-08<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-02-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=infochangeindia.org&rft.atitle=Info+Change+India+-+Page+Not+Found&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finfochangeindia.org%2Fwomen%2Fnews%2Findex.php%3Foption%3Dcom_content%26view%3Darticle%26id%3D7038&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ARape" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Cite uses generic title (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_title" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-54">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.iussp.org/sites/default/files/event_call_for_papers/APARNA%20MUKHERJEE_IUSSP1.pdf">http://www.iussp.org/sites/default/files/event_call_for_papers/APARNA%20MUKHERJEE_IUSSP1.pdf</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-55">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.firstpost.com/india/a-24-21-per-cent-conviction-rate-for-rape-in-india-lower-every-year-1096959.html">"A 24.21 percent conviction rate for rape in India, lower every year"</a>. <i>Firstpost</i>. 10 September 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Firstpost&rft.atitle=A+24.21+percent+conviction+rate+for+rape+in+India%2C+lower+every+year&rft.date=2013-09-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.firstpost.com%2Findia%2Fa-24-21-per-cent-conviction-rate-for-rape-in-india-lower-every-year-1096959.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ARape" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-56">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110516150322/http://www.mrc.ac.za/gender/violence_hiv.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mrc.ac.za/gender/violence_hiv.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2011-05-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-09-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mrc.ac.za%2Fgender%2Fviolence_hiv.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ARape" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-57">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2010" class="citation news cs1">Smith, David (25 November 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/nov/25/south-african-rape-survey">"One in three South African men admit to rape, survey finds"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i> – via www.theguardian.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=One+in+three+South+African+men+admit+to+rape%2C+survey+finds&rft.date=2010-11-25&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2010%2Fnov%2F25%2Fsouth-african-rape-survey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ARape" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-58">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/258446.stm">"BBC News - Africa - South Africa's rape shock"</a>. <i>news.bbc.co.uk</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=news.bbc.co.uk&rft.atitle=BBC+News+-+Africa+-+South+Africa%27s+rape+shock&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fafrica%2F258446.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ARape" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-59">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFRossDelany-MoretlweWeissDringus2013" class="citation journal cs1">Ross, D. A.; Delany-Moretlwe, S.; Weiss, H. A.; Dringus, S.; Kaufman, E. B.; Kaufman, Z. A. (1 July 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sti.bmj.com/content/89/Suppl_1/A270.2">"P3.387 Prevalence and Predictors of Rape Perpetration Among Male Secondary School Students in Peri-Urban Xhosa Communities in South Africa"</a>. <i>Sex Transm Infect</i>. <b>89</b> (Suppl 1): A270. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fsextrans-2013-051184.0840">10.1136/sextrans-2013-051184.0840</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:71199068">71199068</a> – via sti.bmj.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sex+Transm+Infect&rft.atitle=P3.387+Prevalence+and+Predictors+of+Rape+Perpetration+Among+Male+Secondary+School+Students+in+Peri-Urban+Xhosa+Communities+in+South+Africa&rft.volume=89&rft.issue=Suppl+1&rft.pages=A270&rft.date=2013-07-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fsextrans-2013-051184.0840&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A71199068%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Ross&rft.aufirst=D.+A.&rft.au=Delany-Moretlwe%2C+S.&rft.au=Weiss%2C+H.+A.&rft.au=Dringus%2C+S.&rft.au=Kaufman%2C+E.+B.&rft.au=Kaufman%2C+Z.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsti.bmj.com%2Fcontent%2F89%2FSuppl_1%2FA270.2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ARape" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-60">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFJewkesDunkleKossLevin2006" class="citation journal cs1">Jewkes, Rachel; Dunkle, Kristin; Koss, Mary P.; Levin, Jonathan B.; Nduna, Mzikazi; Jama, Nwabisa; Sikweyiya, Yandisa (1 December 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rape+perpetration+by+young+rural+South+African+men:+prevalence,+patterns+and+risk+factors.">"Rape perpetration by young, rural South African men: Prevalence, patterns and risk factors"</a>. <i>Social Science & Medicine (1982)</i>. <b>63</b> (11): 2949–2961. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.socscimed.2006.07.027">10.1016/j.socscimed.2006.07.027</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16962222">16962222</a> – via PubMed.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Social+Science+%26+Medicine+%281982%29&rft.atitle=Rape+perpetration+by+young%2C+rural+South+African+men%3A+Prevalence%2C+patterns+and+risk+factors&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=11&rft.pages=2949-2961&rft.date=2006-12-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.socscimed.2006.07.027&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F16962222&rft.aulast=Jewkes&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft.au=Dunkle%2C+Kristin&rft.au=Koss%2C+Mary+P.&rft.au=Levin%2C+Jonathan+B.&rft.au=Nduna%2C+Mzikazi&rft.au=Jama%2C+Nwabisa&rft.au=Sikweyiya%2C+Yandisa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpubmed%3Fcmd%3DSearch%26doptcmdl%3DCitation%26defaultField%3DTitle%2BWord%26term%3DRape%2Bperpetration%2Bby%2Byoung%2Brural%2BSouth%2BAfrican%2Bmen%3A%2Bprevalence%2C%2Bpatterns%2Band%2Brisk%2Bfactors.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ARape" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-61">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160828192318/http://www.statssa.gov.za/publications/Rape/Rape.pdf">"Archived copy"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statssa.gov.za/publications/rape/rape.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 2016-08-28<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-09-22</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archived+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statssa.gov.za%2Fpublications%2Frape%2Frape.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ARape" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title" title="Category:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-62">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apha.confex.com/apha/133am/techprogram/paper_114115.htm">"Magnitude of sexual violence in Lesotho"</a>. <i>apha.confex.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=apha.confex.com&rft.atitle=Magnitude+of+sexual+violence+in+Lesotho&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapha.confex.com%2Fapha%2F133am%2Ftechprogram%2Fpaper_114115.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ARape" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-63">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bioline.org.br/request?rh04048">"Bioline International Official Site (site up-dated regularly)"</a>. <i>www.bioline.org.br</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bioline.org.br&rft.atitle=Bioline+International+Official+Site+%28site+up-dated+regularly%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bioline.org.br%2Frequest%3Frh04048&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ARape" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-64">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2011/5/12/rape-of-women-in-dr-congo-tops-1000-a-day">"Rape of women in DR Congo 'tops 1000 a day'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Al Jazeera</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-05-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Rape+of+women+in+DR+Congo+%E2%80%98tops+1000+a+day%E2%80%99&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2011%2F5%2F12%2Frape-of-women-in-dr-congo-tops-1000-a-day&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ARape" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-65">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFDurochMcRaeGrais2011" class="citation journal cs1">Duroch, Françoise; McRae, Melissa; Grais, Rebecca F. (19 April 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3108309">"Description and consequences of sexual violence in Ituri province, Democratic Republic of Congo"</a>. <i>BMC International Health and Human Rights</i>. <b>11</b> (1): 5. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2F1472-698X-11-5">10.1186/1472-698X-11-5</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3108309">3108309</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21504596">21504596</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMC+International+Health+and+Human+Rights&rft.atitle=Description+and+consequences+of+sexual+violence+in+Ituri+province%2C+Democratic+Republic+of+Congo&rft.volume=11&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=5&rft.date=2011-04-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3108309%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21504596&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2F1472-698X-11-5&rft.aulast=Duroch&rft.aufirst=Fran%C3%A7oise&rft.au=McRae%2C+Melissa&rft.au=Grais%2C+Rebecca+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3108309&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ARape" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ncbi.nlm.nih.gov-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ncbi.nlm.nih.gov_66-0">66.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-ncbi.nlm.nih.gov_66-1">66.1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFTsaiLeiterHeislerIacopino2011" class="citation journal cs1">Tsai, Alexander C.; Leiter, Karen; Heisler, Michele; Iacopino, Vincent; Wolfe, William; Shannon, Kate; Phaladze, Nthabiseng; Hlanze, Zakhe; Weiser, Sheri D. (1 June 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3093262">"Prevalence and Correlates of Forced Sex Perpetration and Victimization in Botswana and Swaziland"</a>. <i>American Journal of Public Health</i>. <b>101</b> (6): 1068–1074. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2105%2FAJPH.2010.300060">10.2105/AJPH.2010.300060</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3093262">3093262</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21493950">21493950</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Public+Health&rft.atitle=Prevalence+and+Correlates+of+Forced+Sex+Perpetration+and+Victimization+in+Botswana+and+Swaziland&rft.volume=101&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=1068-1074&rft.date=2011-06-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3093262%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21493950&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2105%2FAJPH.2010.300060&rft.aulast=Tsai&rft.aufirst=Alexander+C.&rft.au=Leiter%2C+Karen&rft.au=Heisler%2C+Michele&rft.au=Iacopino%2C+Vincent&rft.au=Wolfe%2C+William&rft.au=Shannon%2C+Kate&rft.au=Phaladze%2C+Nthabiseng&rft.au=Hlanze%2C+Zakhe&rft.au=Weiser%2C+Sheri+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3093262&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ARape" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-67">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFHaileKebetaKassie2013" class="citation journal cs1">Haile, Rahel Tesfaye; Kebeta, Negussie Deyessa; Kassie, Getnet Mitike (16 May 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3682909">"Prevalence of sexual abuse of male high school students in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia"</a>. <i>BMC International Health and Human Rights</i>. <b>13</b> (1): 24. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186%2F1472-698X-13-24">10.1186/1472-698X-13-24</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3682909">3682909</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23680171">23680171</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMC+International+Health+and+Human+Rights&rft.atitle=Prevalence+of+sexual+abuse+of+male+high+school+students+in+Addis+Ababa%2C+Ethiopia&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=24&rft.date=2013-05-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3682909%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23680171&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1186%2F1472-698X-13-24&rft.aulast=Haile&rft.aufirst=Rahel+Tesfaye&rft.au=Kebeta%2C+Negussie+Deyessa&rft.au=Kassie%2C+Getnet+Mitike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3682909&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ARape" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-68">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.who.int/gender/violence/who_multicountry_study/summary_report/summary_report_English2.pdf">http://www.who.int/gender/violence/who_multicountry_study/summary_report/summary_report_English2.pdf</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-69">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/egm/vaw-stat-2005/docs/expert-papers/Ardayfio.pdf">http://www.un.org/womenwatch/daw/egm/vaw-stat-2005/docs/expert-papers/Ardayfio.pdf</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-70">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFEmma-EchieguOgbonnayaOgbonnaya2011" class="citation journal cs1">Emma-Echiegu, N. B.; Ogbonnaya, C. E.; Ogbonnaya, L. U. (1 January 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ajol.info/index.php/jcmphc/article/view/84665">"Prevalence of sexual harassment/victimization of female students in Ebonyi State University Abakaliki, southeast Nigeria"</a>. <i>Journal of Community Medicine and Primary Health Care</i>. <b>23</b> (1–2): 55–67–67 – via www.ajol.info.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Community+Medicine+and+Primary+Health+Care&rft.atitle=Prevalence+of+sexual+harassment%2Fvictimization+of+female+students+in+Ebonyi+State+University+Abakaliki%2C+southeast+Nigeria&rft.volume=23&rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&rft.pages=55-67-67&rft.date=2011-01-01&rft.aulast=Emma-Echiegu&rft.aufirst=N.+B.&rft.au=Ogbonnaya%2C+C.+E.&rft.au=Ogbonnaya%2C+L.+U.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ajol.info%2Findex.php%2Fjcmphc%2Farticle%2Fview%2F84665&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ARape" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-71">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite id="CITEREFAderemiPillayEsterhuizen2013" class="citation journal cs1">Aderemi, Toyin J; Pillay, Basil J; Esterhuizen, Tonya M (8 February 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3568677">"Differences in HIV knowledge and sexual practices of learners with intellectual disabilities and non-disabled learners in Nigeria"</a>. <i>Journal of the International AIDS Society</i>. <b>16</b> (1): 17331. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7448%2FIAS.16.1.17331">10.7448/IAS.16.1.17331</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3568677">3568677</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23394898">23394898</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+International+AIDS+Society&rft.atitle=Differences+in+HIV+knowledge+and+sexual+practices+of+learners+with+intellectual+disabilities+and+non-disabled+learners+in+Nigeria&rft.volume=16&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=17331&rft.date=2013-02-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3568677%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23394898&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7448%2FIAS.16.1.17331&rft.aulast=Aderemi&rft.aufirst=Toyin+J&rft.au=Pillay%2C+Basil+J&rft.au=Esterhuizen%2C+Tonya+M&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3568677&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ARape" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-72">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190405105334/https://noi-polls.com/root/">"Welcome to NOI Polls"</a>. <i>noi-polls.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://noi-polls.com/root/">the original</a> on 2019-04-05<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-02-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=noi-polls.com&rft.atitle=Welcome+to+NOI+Polls&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnoi-polls.com%2Froot%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ARape" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-73">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r9724332"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academicjournals.org/article/article1379405215_Esere+et+al.pdf">"Academic Journals - Journals"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>academicjournals.org</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=academicjournals.org&rft.atitle=Academic+Journals+-+Journals&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Facademicjournals.org%2Farticle%2Farticle1379405215_Esere%2Bet%2Bal.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsimple.wikipedia.org%3ARape" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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