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bending</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: curvature bending"> <meta name="keywords" content="curvature bending"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="curvature bending"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 740</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: curvature bending</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">740</span> Effects of Pipe Curvature and Internal Pressure on Stiffness and Buckling Phenomenon of Circular Thin-Walled Pipes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Polenta">V. Polenta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20D.%20Garvey"> S. D. Garvey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Chronopoulos"> D. Chronopoulos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20C.%20Long"> A. C. Long</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20P.%20Morvan"> H. P. Morvan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A parametric study on circular thin-walled pipes subjected to pure bending is performed. Both straight and curved pipes are considered. Ratio D/t, initial pipe curvature and internal pressure are the parameters varying in the analyses. The study is mainly FEA-based. It is found that negative curvatures (opposite to bending moment) considerably increase stiffness and buckling limit of the pipe when no internal pressure is acting and, similarly, positive curvatures decrease the stiffness and buckling limit. For internal pressurised pipes the effects of initial pipe curvature are less relevant. Results show that this phenomenon is in relationship with the cross-section deformation due to bending moment, which undergoes relevant ovalisation for no pressurised pipes and little ovalisation for pressurised pipes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=buckling" title="buckling">buckling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=curved%20pipes" title=" curved pipes"> curved pipes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internal%20pressure" title=" internal pressure"> internal pressure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ovalisation" title=" ovalisation"> ovalisation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pure%20bending" title=" pure bending"> pure bending</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thin-walled%20pipes" title=" thin-walled pipes"> thin-walled pipes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14983/effects-of-pipe-curvature-and-internal-pressure-on-stiffness-and-buckling-phenomenon-of-circular-thin-walled-pipes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14983.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">376</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">739</span> Finite Elemental Simulation of the Combined Process of Asymmetric Rolling and Plastic Bending</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Pesin">A. Pesin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Pustovoytov"> D. Pustovoytov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Sverdlik"> M. Sverdlik</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Traditionally, the need in items represents a large body of rotation (e.g. shrouds of various process units: a converter, a mixer, a scrubber, a steel ladle and etc.) is satisfied by using them at engineering enterprises. At these enterprises large parts of bodies of rotation are made on stamping units or bending and forming machines. In Nosov Magnitogorsk State Technical University in alliance with JSC "Magnitogorsk Metal and Steel Works" there was suggested and implemented the technology for producing such items based on a combination of asymmetric rolling processes and plastic bending under conditions of the plate mill. In this paper, based on finite elemental mathematical simulation in technology of a combined process of asymmetric rolling and bending plastic has been improved. It is shown that for the same curvature along the entire length of the metal sheet it is necessary to introduce additional asymmetry speed when rolling front end and tape trailer. Production of large bodies of rotation at mill 4500 JSC "Magnitogorsk Metal and Steel Works" showed good convergence of theoretical and experimental values of the curvature of the metal. Economic effect obtained more than 1.0 million dollars. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asymmetric%20rolling" title="asymmetric rolling">asymmetric rolling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plastic%20bending" title=" plastic bending"> plastic bending</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=combined%20process" title=" combined process"> combined process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FEM" title=" FEM"> FEM</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13062/finite-elemental-simulation-of-the-combined-process-of-asymmetric-rolling-and-plastic-bending" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13062.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">320</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">738</span> Moment-Curvature Relation for Nonlinear Analysis of Slender Structural Walls</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Dehghan">E. Dehghan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Dehghan"> R. Dehghan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Generally, the slender structural walls have flexural behavior. Since behavior of bending members can be explained by moment–curvature relation, therefore, an analytical model is proposed based on moment–curvature relation for slender structural walls. The moment–curvature relationships of RC sections are constructed through section analysis. Governing equations describing the bond-slip behavior in walls are derived and applied to moment–curvature relations. For the purpose of removing the imprecision in analytical results, the plastic hinge length is included in the finite element modeling. Finally, correlation studies between analytical and experimental results are conducted with the objective to establish the validity of the proposed algorithms. The results show that bond-slip effect is more significant in walls subjected to larger axial compression load. Moreover, preferable results are obtained when ultimate strain of concrete is assumed conservatively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nonlinear%20analysis" title="nonlinear analysis">nonlinear analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slender%20structural%20walls" title=" slender structural walls"> slender structural walls</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moment-curvature%20relation" title=" moment-curvature relation"> moment-curvature relation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bond-slip" title=" bond-slip"> bond-slip</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plastic%20hinge%20length" title=" plastic hinge length"> plastic hinge length</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43118/moment-curvature-relation-for-nonlinear-analysis-of-slender-structural-walls" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43118.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">317</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">737</span> Comparative Study of Static and Dynamic Bending Forces during 3-Roller Cone Frustum Bending Process</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahesh%20K.%20Chudasama">Mahesh K. Chudasama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harit%20K.%20Raval"> Harit K. Raval</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> 3-roller conical bending process is widely used in the industries for manufacturing of conical sections and shells. It involves static as well dynamic bending stages. Analytical models for prediction of bending force during static as well as dynamic bending stage are available in the literature. In this paper, bending forces required for static bending stage and dynamic bending stages have been compared using the analytical models. It is concluded that force required for dynamic bending is very less as compared to the bending force required during the static bending stage. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analytical%20modeling" title="analytical modeling">analytical modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cone%20frustum" title=" cone frustum"> cone frustum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20bending" title=" dynamic bending"> dynamic bending</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=static%20bending" title=" static bending "> static bending </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27189/comparative-study-of-static-and-dynamic-bending-forces-during-3-roller-cone-frustum-bending-process" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27189.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">307</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">736</span> The Curvature of Bending Analysis and Motion of Soft Robotic Fingers by Full 3D Printing with MC-Cells Technique for Hand Rehabilitation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chaiyawat%20Musikapan">Chaiyawat Musikapan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ratchatin%20Chancharoen"> Ratchatin Chancharoen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saknan%20Bongsebandhu-Phubhakdi"> Saknan Bongsebandhu-Phubhakdi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> For many recent years, soft robotic fingers were used for supporting the patients who had survived the neurological diseases that resulted in muscular disorders and neural network damages, such as stroke and Parkinson’s disease, and inflammatory symptoms such as De Quervain and trigger finger. Generally, the major hand function is significant to manipulate objects in activities of daily living (ADL). In this work, we proposed the model of soft actuator that manufactured by full 3D printing without the molding process and one material for use. Furthermore, we designed the model with a technique of multi cavitation cells (MC-Cells). Then, we demonstrated the curvature bending, fluidic pressure and force that generated to the model for assistive finger flexor and hand grasping. Also, the soft actuators were characterized in mathematics solving by the length of chord and arc length. In addition, we used an adaptive push-button switch machine to measure the force in our experiment. Consequently, we evaluated biomechanics efficiency by the range of motion (ROM) that affected to metacarpophalangeal joint (MCP), proximal interphalangeal joint (PIP) and distal interphalangeal joint (DIP). Finally, the model achieved to exhibit the corresponding fluidic pressure with force and ROM to assist the finger flexor and hand grasping. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomechanics%20efficiency" title="biomechanics efficiency">biomechanics efficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=curvature%20bending" title=" curvature bending"> curvature bending</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hand%20functional%20assistance" title=" hand functional assistance"> hand functional assistance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi%20cavitation%20cells%20%28MC-Cells%29" title=" multi cavitation cells (MC-Cells)"> multi cavitation cells (MC-Cells)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=range%20of%20motion%20%28ROM%29" title=" range of motion (ROM)"> range of motion (ROM)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142965/the-curvature-of-bending-analysis-and-motion-of-soft-robotic-fingers-by-full-3d-printing-with-mc-cells-technique-for-hand-rehabilitation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142965.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">260</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">735</span> Approximating Maximum Speed on Road from Curvature Information of Bezier Curve</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Yushalify%20Misro">M. Yushalify Misro</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Ramli"> Ahmad Ramli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jamaludin%20M.%20Ali"> Jamaludin M. Ali</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Bezier curves have useful properties for path generation problem, for instance, it can generate the reference trajectory for vehicles to satisfy the path constraints. Both algorithms join cubic Bezier curve segment smoothly to generate the path. Some of the useful properties of Bezier are curvature. In mathematics, the curvature is the amount by which a geometric object deviates from being flat, or straight in the case of a line. Another extrinsic example of curvature is a circle, where the curvature is equal to the reciprocal of its radius at any point on the circle. The smaller the radius, the higher the curvature thus the vehicle needs to bend sharply. In this study, we use Bezier curve to fit highway-like curve. We use the different approach to finding the best approximation for the curve so that it will resemble highway-like curve. We compute curvature value by analytical differentiation of the Bezier Curve. We will then compute the maximum speed for driving using the curvature information obtained. Our research works on some assumptions; first the Bezier curve estimates the real shape of the curve which can be verified visually. Even, though, the fitting process of Bezier curve does not interpolate exactly on the curve of interest, we believe that the estimation of speed is acceptable. We verified our result with the manual calculation of the curvature from the map. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=speed%20estimation" title="speed estimation">speed estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=path%20constraints" title=" path constraints"> path constraints</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reference%20trajectory" title=" reference trajectory"> reference trajectory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bezier%20curve" title=" Bezier curve"> Bezier curve</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36228/approximating-maximum-speed-on-road-from-curvature-information-of-bezier-curve" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36228.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">375</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">734</span> Multifunctional Bending and Straightening Machines for Shipbuilding</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Yu.%20Shungin">V. Yu. Shungin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20V.%20Popov"> A. V. Popov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> At present, one of the main tasks of Russian shipbuilding yards is implementation of new technologies and replacement of main process equipment. In particular, conventional bending technologies with dies are being replaced with resource-saving methods of rotation (roller) banding. Such rolling bending is performed by multiple rolling of a plat in special bending rollers. Studies, conducted in JSC SSTC, allowed developing a theory of rotation bending, methods for calculation of process parameters, requirements to roller presses and bending accessories. This technology allows replacing old and expensive presses with new cheaper roller ones, having less power consumption and bending force. At first, roller presses were implemented in ship repair, however now they are widely employed at major shipbuilding yards. JSC SSTC develops bending technology and carries out design, manufacturing and delivery of roller presses. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bending%2Fstraightening%20machines" title="bending/straightening machines">bending/straightening machines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rotational%20bending" title=" rotational bending"> rotational bending</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ship%20hull%20structures" title=" ship hull structures"> ship hull structures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multifunctional%20bending" title=" multifunctional bending"> multifunctional bending</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6847/multifunctional-bending-and-straightening-machines-for-shipbuilding" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6847.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">576</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">733</span> A Comparative Study of Force Prediction Models during Static Bending Stage for 3-Roller Cone Frustum Bending</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mahesh%20Chudasama">Mahesh Chudasama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harit%20Raval"> Harit Raval</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Conical sections and shells of metal plates manufactured by 3-roller conical bending process are widely used in the industries. The process is completed by first bending the metal plates statically and then dynamic roller bending sequentially. It is required to have an analytical model to get maximum bending force, for optimum design of the machine, for static bending stage. Analytical models assuming various stress conditions are considered and these analytical models are compared considering various parameters and reported in this paper. It is concluded from the study that for higher bottom roller inclination, the shear stress affects greatly to the static bending force whereas for lower bottom roller inclination it can be neglected. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=roller-bending" title="roller-bending">roller-bending</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=static-bending" title=" static-bending"> static-bending</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress-conditions" title=" stress-conditions"> stress-conditions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analytical-modeling" title=" analytical-modeling"> analytical-modeling</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45482/a-comparative-study-of-force-prediction-models-during-static-bending-stage-for-3-roller-cone-frustum-bending" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45482.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">251</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">732</span> Boundary Motion by Curvature: Accessible Modeling of Oil Spill Evaporation/Dissipation </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gary%20Miller">Gary Miller</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andriy%20Didenko"> Andriy Didenko</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20Allison"> David Allison</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The boundary of a region in the plane shrinks according to its curvature. A simple algorithm based upon this motion by curvature performed by a spreadsheet simulates the evaporation/dissipation behavior of oil spill boundaries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematical%20modeling" title="mathematical modeling">mathematical modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil" title=" oil"> oil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=evaporation" title=" evaporation"> evaporation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dissipation" title=" dissipation"> dissipation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=boundary" title=" boundary"> boundary</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13621/boundary-motion-by-curvature-accessible-modeling-of-oil-spill-evaporationdissipation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13621.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">510</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">731</span> Potential of Irish Orientated Strand Board in Bending Active Structures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Matt%20Collins">Matt Collins</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bernadette%20O%27Regan"> Bernadette O'Regan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tom%20Cosgrove"> Tom Cosgrove</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To determine the potential of a low cost Irish engineered timber product to replace high cost solid timber for use in bending active structures such as gridshells a single Irish engineered timber product in the form of orientated strand board (OSB) was selected. A comparative study of OSB and solid timber was carried out to determine the optimum properties that make a material suitable for use in gridshells. Three parameters were identified to be relevant in the selection of a material for gridshells. These three parameters are the strength to stiffness ratio, the flexural stiffness of commercially available sections, and the variability of material and section properties. It is shown that when comparing OSB against solid timber, OSB is a more suitable material for use in gridshells that are at the smaller end of the scale and that have tight radii of curvature. Typically, for solid timber materials, stiffness is used as an indicator for strength and engineered timber is no different. Thus, low flexural stiffness would mean low flexural strength. However, when it comes to bending active gridshells, OSB offers a significant advantage. By the addition of multiple layers, an increased section size is created, thus endowing the structure with higher stiffness and higher strength from initial low stiffness and low strength materials while still maintaining tight radii of curvature. This allows OSB to compete with solid timber on large scale gridshells. Additionally, a preliminary sustainability study using a set of sustainability indicators was carried out to determine the relative sustainability of building a large-scale gridshell in Ireland with a primary focus on economic viability but a mention is also given to social and environmental aspects. For this, the Savill garden gridshell in the UK was used as the functional unit with the sustainability of the structural roof skeleton constructed from UK larch solid timber being compared with the same structure using Irish OSB. Albeit that the advantages of using commercially available OSB in a bending active gridshell are marginal and limited to specific gridshell applications, further study into an optimised engineered timber product is merited. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bending%20active%20gridshells" title="bending active gridshells">bending active gridshells</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20end%20timber%20structures" title=" high end timber structures"> high end timber structures</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20cost%20material" title=" low cost material"> low cost material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainability" title=" sustainability"> sustainability</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25386/potential-of-irish-orientated-strand-board-in-bending-active-structures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25386.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">381</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">730</span> Study on Robot Trajectory Planning by Robot End-Effector Using Dual Curvature Theory of the Ruled Surface</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20S.%20Oh">Y. S. Oh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=P.%20Abhishesh"> P. Abhishesh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20S.%20Ryuh"> B. S. Ryuh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the method of trajectory planning by the robot end-effector which accounts for more accurate and smooth differential geometry of the ruled surface generated by tool line fixed with end-effector based on the methods of curvature theory of ruled surface and the dual curvature theory, and focuses on the underlying relation to unite them for enhancing the efficiency for trajectory planning. Robot motion can be represented as motion properties of the ruled surface generated by trajectory of the Tool Center Point (TCP). The linear and angular properties of the six degree-of-freedom motion of end-effector are computed using the explicit formulas and functions from curvature theory and dual curvature theory. This paper explains the complete dualization of ruled surface and shows that the linear and angular motion applied using the method of dual curvature theory is more accurate and less complex. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dual%20curvature%20theory" title="dual curvature theory">dual curvature theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robot%20end%20effector" title=" robot end effector"> robot end effector</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ruled%20surface" title=" ruled surface"> ruled surface</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TCP%20%28Tool%20Center%20Point%29" title=" TCP (Tool Center Point)"> TCP (Tool Center Point)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64282/study-on-robot-trajectory-planning-by-robot-end-effector-using-dual-curvature-theory-of-the-ruled-surface" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64282.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">365</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">729</span> Evaluation of Thermal Barrier Coating According to Temperature and Curvature</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyunwoo%20Song">Hyunwoo Song</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeong-Min%20Lee"> Jeong-Min Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yongseok%20Kim"> Yongseok Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Junghan%20Yun"> Junghan Yun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jungin%20Byun"> Jungin Byun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jae-Mean%20Koo"> Jae-Mean Koo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chang-Sung%20Seok"> Chang-Sung Seok</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To avoid the damage of gas turbine blade from high-temperature, thermal barrier coating (TBC) is applied on the blade. However, it is damaged by thermal fatigue during the operation of gas turbine, and this damage lead to delamination of TBC between top coat and bond coat. The blade can be damaged after the failure of TBC, so durability evaluation of TBC should be performed. The durability of thermal barrier coating was decreased according to the increase of temperature, because thermal stress according to increase of temperature. Also, the curvature can be affect to durability of TBC, because the stress is determined by the shape of the TBC. Therefore, the effect of temperature and curvature on the stress should be evaluated. In this study, finite element analysis according to temperature and curvature were performed in the same condition of Kim et al. Finally, the stress was evaluated from the finite element analysis results according to temperature and curvature. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=curvature" title="curvature">curvature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20analysis" title=" finite element analysis"> finite element analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20barrier%20coating" title=" thermal barrier coating"> thermal barrier coating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermal%20fatigue" title=" thermal fatigue"> thermal fatigue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=temperature" title=" temperature"> temperature</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15429/evaluation-of-thermal-barrier-coating-according-to-temperature-and-curvature" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15429.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">566</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">728</span> Out-of-Plane Bending Properties of Out-of-Autoclave Thermosetting Prepregs during Forming Processes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hassan%20A.%20Alshahrani">Hassan A. Alshahrani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehdi%20H.%20Hojjati"> Mehdi H. Hojjati</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In order to predict and model wrinkling which is caused by out of plane deformation due to compressive loading in the plane of the material during composite prepregs forming, it is necessary to quantitatively understand the relative magnitude of the bending stiffness. This study aims to examine the bending properties of out-of-autoclave (OOA) thermosetting prepreg under vertical cantilever test condition. A direct method for characterizing the bending behavior of composite prepregs was developed. The results from direct measurement were compared with results derived from an image-processing procedure that analyses the captured image during the vertical bending test. A numerical simulation was performed using ABAQUS to confirm the bending stiffness value. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bending%20stiffness" title="Bending stiffness">Bending stiffness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=out-of-autoclave%20prepreg" title=" out-of-autoclave prepreg"> out-of-autoclave prepreg</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forming%20process" title=" forming process"> forming process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20simulation." title=" numerical simulation."> numerical simulation.</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44861/out-of-plane-bending-properties-of-out-of-autoclave-thermosetting-prepregs-during-forming-processes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/44861.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">302</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">727</span> Theoretical and Experimental Bending Properties of Composite Pipes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maja%20Stefanovska">Maja Stefanovska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Svetlana%20Risteska"> Svetlana Risteska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Blagoja%20Samakoski"> Blagoja Samakoski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gari%20Maneski"> Gari Maneski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Biljana%20Kostadinoska"> Biljana Kostadinoska</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Aim of this work is to determine the theoretical and experimental properties of filament wound glass fiber/epoxy resin composite pipes with different winding design subjected under bending. For determination of bending strength of composite samples three point bending tests were conducted according to ASTM D790 standard. Good correlation between theoretical and experimental results has been obtained, where sample No4 has shown the highest value of bending strength. All samples have demonstrated matrix cracking and fiber failure followed by layers delamination during testing. Also, it was found that smaller winding angles lead to an increase in bending stress. From presented results good merger between glass fibers and epoxy resin was confirmed by SEM analysis. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bending%20properties" title="bending properties">bending properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite%20pipe" title=" composite pipe"> composite pipe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=winding%20design" title=" winding design"> winding design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SEM" title=" SEM"> SEM</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29344/theoretical-and-experimental-bending-properties-of-composite-pipes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29344.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">329</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">726</span> Influence of Pile Radius on Inertial Response of Pile Group in Fundamental Frequency of Homogeneous Soil Medium</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faghihnia%20Torshizi%20Mostafa">Faghihnia Torshizi Mostafa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saitoh%20Masato"> Saitoh Masato</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An efficient method is developed for the response of a group of vertical, cylindrical fixed-head, finite length piles embedded in a homogeneous elastic stratum, subjected to harmonic force atop the pile group cap. Pile to pile interaction is represented through simplified beam-on-dynamic-Winkler-foundation (BDWF) with realistic frequency-dependent springs and dashpots. Pile group effect is considered through interaction factors. New closed-form expressions for interaction factors and curvature ratios atop the pile are extended by considering different boundary conditions at the tip of the piles (fixed, hinged). In order to investigate the fundamental characteristics of inertial bending strains in pile groups, inertial bending strains at the head of each pile are expressed in terms of slenderness ratio. The results of parametric study give valuable insight in understanding the behavior of fixed head pile groups in fundamental natural frequency of soil stratum. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Winkler-foundation" title="Winkler-foundation">Winkler-foundation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fundamental%20frequency%20of%20soil%20stratum" title=" fundamental frequency of soil stratum"> fundamental frequency of soil stratum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=normalized%20inertial%20bending%20strain" title=" normalized inertial bending strain"> normalized inertial bending strain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=harmonic%20excitation" title=" harmonic excitation"> harmonic excitation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66823/influence-of-pile-radius-on-inertial-response-of-pile-group-in-fundamental-frequency-of-homogeneous-soil-medium" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/66823.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">415</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">725</span> Bending Effect on POF Splitter Performance for Different Thickness of Fiber Cores</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20S.%20Supian">L. S. Supian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohd%20Syuhaimi%20Ab-Rahman"> Mohd Syuhaimi Ab-Rahman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norhana%20Arsad"> Norhana Arsad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Experimental study has been done to study the performance on polymer optical fiber splitter characterization when different bending radii are applied on splitters with different fiber cores. The splitters with different cores pair are attached successively to splitter platform of ellipse-shape geometrical blocks of several bending radii. A force is exerted upon the blocks thus the splitter in order to encourage the splitting of energy between the two fibers. The aim of this study is to investigate which fiber core pair gives the optimum performance that goes with each bending radius in order to develop an effective splitter. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=splitter" title="splitter">splitter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=macro-bending" title=" macro-bending"> macro-bending</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cores" title=" cores"> cores</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geometrical%20blocks" title=" geometrical blocks"> geometrical blocks</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13489/bending-effect-on-pof-splitter-performance-for-different-thickness-of-fiber-cores" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13489.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">672</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">724</span> Study on Bending Characteristics of Square Tube Using Energy Absorption Part</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shigeyuki%20Haruyama">Shigeyuki Haruyama</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zefry%20Darmawan"> Zefry Darmawan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ken%20Kaminishi"> Ken Kaminishi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the square tube subjected to the bending load, the rigidity of the entire square tube is reduced when a collapse occurs due to local stress concentration. Therefore, in this research, the influence of bending load on the square tube with attached energy absorbing part was examined and reported. The analysis was conducted by using Finite Element Method (FEM) to produced bending deflection and buckling points. Energy absorption was compared from rigidity of attached part and square tube body. Buckling point was influenced by the rigidity of attached part and the thickness rate of square tube. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20absorber" title="energy absorber">energy absorber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=square%20tube" title=" square tube"> square tube</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bending" title=" bending"> bending</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rigidity" title=" rigidity"> rigidity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64216/study-on-bending-characteristics-of-square-tube-using-energy-absorption-part" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64216.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">244</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">723</span> Experimental Study on Ultrasonic Shot Peening Forming and Surface Properties of AALY12</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shi-hong%20Lu">Shi-hong Lu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chao-xun%20Liu"> Chao-xun Liu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yi-feng%20Zhu"> Yi-feng Zhu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ultrasonic shot peening (USP) on AALY12 sheet was studied. Several parameters (arc heights, surface roughness, surface topography and microhardness) with different USP process parameters were measured. The research proposes that the radius of curvature of shot peened sheet increases with time and electric current decreasing, while it increases with pin diameter increasing, and radius of curvature reaches a saturation level after a specific processing time and electric current. An empirical model of the relationship between radius of curvature and pin diameter, electric current, time was also obtained. The research shows that the increment of surface and vertical microhardness of material is more obvious with longer time and higher value of electric current, which can be up to 20% and 28% respectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=USP%20forming" title="USP forming">USP forming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=surface%20properties" title=" surface properties"> surface properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radius%20of%20curvature" title=" radius of curvature"> radius of curvature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=residual%20stress" title=" residual stress"> residual stress</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6472/experimental-study-on-ultrasonic-shot-peening-forming-and-surface-properties-of-aaly12" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6472.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">517</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">722</span> Modeling Electrical Properties of Hetero-Junction-Graphene/Pentacene and Gold/Pentacene</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20K.%20Lamba">V. K. Lamba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abhinandan%20Bharti"> Abhinandan Bharti</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We investigate the electronic transport properties across the graphene/ pentacene and gold/pentacene interface. Further, we studied the effect of ripples/bends in pentacene using NEGF-DFT approach. Current transport across the pentacene/graphene interface is found to be remarkably different from transport across pentacene/Gold interfaces. We found that current across these interfaces could be accurately modeled by a combination of thermionic and Poole–Frenkel emission. Further, the degree of bend or degrees of the curve formed during ripple formation strongly change the optimized geometric structures, charge distributions, energy bands, and DOS. The misorientation and hybridization of carbon orbitals are associated with a variation in bond lengths and carrier densities, and are the causes of the dramatic changes in the electronic structure during ripple formation. The electrical conductivity decreases with increase in curvature during ripple formation or due to bending of pentacene molecule and a decrease in conductivity is directly proportional to the increase in curvature angle and given by quadratic relation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hetero-junction" title="hetero-junction">hetero-junction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grapheme" title=" grapheme"> grapheme</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NEGF-DFT" title=" NEGF-DFT"> NEGF-DFT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pentacene" title=" pentacene"> pentacene</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gold%2Fpentacene" title=" gold/pentacene"> gold/pentacene</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56132/modeling-electrical-properties-of-hetero-junction-graphenepentacene-and-goldpentacene" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56132.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">232</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">721</span> Bending Moment of Flexible Batter Pile in Sands under Horizontal Loads</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fabian%20J.%20Manoppo">Fabian J. Manoppo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dody%20M.%20J.%20Sumayouw"> Dody M. J. Sumayouw</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The bending moment of a single free head model flexible batter piles in sand under horizontal loads is investigated. The theoretical estimate of the magnitude maximum bending moment for the piles was considering a vertical rigid pile under an inclined load and using semi-empirical relations. The length of the equivalent rigid pile was based on the relative stiffness factor of the pile. Model tests were carried out using instrumented piles of wide-ranging flexibilities. The piles were buried in loose sand at batter angles of β=±150, β=±300 and were applied to incrementally increasing lateral loads. The pile capacities and the variation of bending moment along the pile shaft were measured. The new coefficient of 0.5 was proposed to estimate the bending moment of a flexible batter pile in the sand under horizontal. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=batter%20pile" title="batter pile">batter pile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bending%20moment" title=" bending moment"> bending moment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sand" title=" sand"> sand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=horizontal%20loads" title=" horizontal loads"> horizontal loads</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190372/bending-moment-of-flexible-batter-pile-in-sands-under-horizontal-loads" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/190372.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">22</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">720</span> Effect of Short Chain Alcohols on Bending Rigidity of Lipid Bilayer</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Buti%20Suryabrahmam">Buti Suryabrahmam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20A.%20Raghunathan"> V. A. Raghunathan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We study the effect of short chain alcohols on mechanical properties of saturated lipid bilayers in the fluid phase. The Bending rigidity of 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) membrane was measured at 28 °C by employing Vesicle Fluctuation Analysis technique. The concentration and chain length (n) of alcohol in the buffer solution were varied from 0 to 1.5 M and from 2 to 8 respectively. We observed a non-linear reduction in the bending rigidity from ~17×10⁻²⁰ J to ~10×10⁻²⁰ J, for all chain lengths of alcohols used in our experiment. We observed approximately three orders of the concentration difference between ethanol and octanol, to show the similar reduction in the bending values. We attribute this phenomenon to thinning of the bilayer due to the adsorption of alcohols at the bilayer-water interface. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alcohols" title="alcohols">alcohols</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bending%20rigidity" title=" bending rigidity"> bending rigidity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DMPC" title=" DMPC"> DMPC</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lipid%20bilayers" title=" lipid bilayers"> lipid bilayers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100295/effect-of-short-chain-alcohols-on-bending-rigidity-of-lipid-bilayer" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/100295.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">146</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">719</span> Polarization Dependent Flexible GaN Film Nanogenerators and Electroluminescence Properties</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jeong%20Min%20Baik">Jeong Min Baik</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We present that the electroluminescence (EL) properties and electrical output power of flexible N-face p-type GaN thin films can be tuned by strain-induced piezo-potential generated across the metal-semiconductor-metal structures. Under different staining conditions (convex and concave bending modes), the transport properties of the GaN films can be changed due to the spontaneous polarization of the films. The I-V characteristics with the bending modes show that the convex bending can increase the current across the films by the decrease in the barrier height at the metal-semiconductor contact, increasing the EL intensity of the P-N junction. At convex bending, it is also shown that the flexible p-type GaN films can generate an output voltage of up to 1.0 V, while at concave bending, 0.4 V. The change of the band bending with the crystal polarity of GaN films was investigated using high-resolution photoemission spectroscopy. This study has great significance on the practical applications of GaN in optoelectronic devices and nanogenerators under a working environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GaN" title="GaN">GaN</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexible" title=" flexible"> flexible</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laser%20lift-off" title=" laser lift-off"> laser lift-off</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanogenerator" title=" nanogenerator"> nanogenerator</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13583/polarization-dependent-flexible-gan-film-nanogenerators-and-electroluminescence-properties" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13583.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">419</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">718</span> Highly Sensitive Fiber-Optic Curvature Sensor Based on Four Mode Fiber</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Qihang%20Zeng">Qihang Zeng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wei%20Xu"> Wei Xu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ying%20Shen"> Ying Shen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Changyuan%20Yu"> Changyuan Yu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a highly sensitive fiber-optic curvature sensor based on four mode fiber (FMF) is presented and investigated. The proposed sensing structure is constructed by fusing a section of FMF into two standard single mode fibers (SMFs) concatenated with two no core fiber (NCF), i.e., SMF-NCF-FMF-NCF-SMF structure is fabricated. The length of the NCF is very short about 1 millimeter acting as exciting/recoupling the light from/into the core of the SMF, while the FMF is with 3 centimeters long supporting four eigenmodes including LP₀₁, LP₁₁, LP₂₁ and LP₀₂. High core modes in FMF can be effectively stimulated owing to mismatched mode field distribution and the mainly sensing principle is based on modal interferometer spectrum analysis. Different curvatures induce different strains on the FMF such that affecting the modal excitation, resulting spectrum shifts. One can get the curvature value by tracking the wavelength shifting. Experiments have been done to address the sensing performance, which is about 7.8 nm/m⁻¹ within a range of 1.90 m⁻¹~3.18 m⁻¹. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=curvature" title="curvature">curvature</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=four%20mode%20fiber" title=" four mode fiber"> four mode fiber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=highly%20sensitive" title=" highly sensitive"> highly sensitive</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modal%20interferometer" title=" modal interferometer"> modal interferometer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99798/highly-sensitive-fiber-optic-curvature-sensor-based-on-four-mode-fiber" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99798.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">191</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">717</span> In-situ Observations Using SEM-EBSD for Bending Deformation in Single-Crystal Materials</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuko%20Matayoshi">Yuko Matayoshi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Takashi%20Sakai"> Takashi Sakai</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yin-Gjum%20Jin"> Yin-Gjum Jin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jun-ichi%20Koyama"> Jun-ichi Koyama</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To elucidate the material characteristics of single crystals of pure aluminum and copper, the respective relations between crystallographic orientations and micro structures were examined, along with bending and mechanical properties. The texture distribution was also analysed. Bending tests were performed in a SEM apparatus while its behaviors were observed. Some analytical results related to crystal direction maps, inverse pole figures, and textures were obtained from electron back scatter diffraction (EBSD) analyses. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pure%20aluminum" title="pure aluminum">pure aluminum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pure%20copper" title=" pure copper"> pure copper</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=single%20crystal" title=" single crystal"> single crystal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bending" title=" bending"> bending</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SEM-EBSD%20analysis" title=" SEM-EBSD analysis"> SEM-EBSD analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=texture" title=" texture"> texture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=microstructure" title=" microstructure"> microstructure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16499/in-situ-observations-using-sem-ebsd-for-bending-deformation-in-single-crystal-materials" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16499.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">368</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">716</span> Bending Test Characteristics for Splicing of Thermoplastic Polymer Using Hot Gas Welding </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prantasi%20Harmi%20%20Tjahjanti">Prantasi Harmi Tjahjanti</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iswanto%20Iswanto"> Iswanto Iswanto</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Edi%20%20Widodo"> Edi Widodo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sholeh%20%20Pamuji"> Sholeh Pamuji</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Materials of the thermoplastic polymer when they break is usually thrown away, or is recycled which requires a long process. The purpose of this study is to splice the broken thermoplastic polymer using hot gas welding with different variations of welding wire/electrodes. Materials of thermoplastic polymer used are Polyethylene (PE), Polypropylene (PP), and Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) by using welding wire like the three materials. The method is carried out by using hot gas welding; there are two materials that cannot be connected, namely PE with PVC welding wire, and PP with PVC welding wire. The permeable liquid penetrant test is PP with PE welding wire, and PVC with PE welding wire. The best bending test result with the longest elongation is PE with PE welding wire with a bending test value of 179.03 kgf/mm². The microstructure was all described in Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) observations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thermoplastic%20polymers" title="thermoplastic polymers">thermoplastic polymers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bending%20test" title=" bending test"> bending test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyethylene%20%28PE%29" title=" polyethylene (PE)"> polyethylene (PE)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polypropylene%20%28PP%29" title=" polypropylene (PP)"> polypropylene (PP)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyvinyl%20chloride%20%28PVC%29" title=" polyvinyl chloride (PVC)"> polyvinyl chloride (PVC)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hot%20gas%20welding" title=" hot gas welding"> hot gas welding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bending%20test" title=" bending test"> bending test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136833/bending-test-characteristics-for-splicing-of-thermoplastic-polymer-using-hot-gas-welding" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/136833.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">202</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">715</span> Automatic Segmentation of Lung Pleura Based On Curvature Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sasidhar%20B.">Sasidhar B.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bhaskar%20Rao%20N."> Bhaskar Rao N.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ramesh%20Babu%20D.%20R."> Ramesh Babu D. R.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ravi%20Shankar%20M."> Ravi Shankar M.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Segmentation of lung pleura is a preprocessing step in Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) which helps in reducing false positives in detection of lung cancer. The existing methods fail in extraction of lung regions with the nodules at the pleura of the lungs. In this paper, a new method is proposed which segments lung regions with nodules at the pleura of the lungs based on curvature analysis and morphological operators. The proposed algorithm is tested on 06 patient’s dataset which consists of 60 images of Lung Image Database Consortium (LIDC) and the results are found to be satisfactory with 98.3% average overlap measure (AΩ). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=curvature%20analysis" title="curvature analysis">curvature analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=image%20segmentation" title=" image segmentation"> image segmentation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=morphological%20operators" title=" morphological operators"> morphological operators</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thresholding" title=" thresholding"> thresholding</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20846/automatic-segmentation-of-lung-pleura-based-on-curvature-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20846.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">596</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">714</span> Bifurcation Curve for Semipositone Problem with Minkowski-Curvature Operator</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shao-Yuan%20Huang">Shao-Yuan Huang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We study the shape of the bifurcation curve of positive solutions for the semipositone problem with the Minkowski-curvature operator. The Minkowski-curvature problem plays an important role in certain fundamental issues in differential geometry and in the special theory of relativity. In addition, it is well known that studying the multiplicity of positive solutions is equivalent to studying the shape of the bifurcation curve. By the shape of the bifurcation curve, we can understand the change in the multiplicity of positive solutions with varying parameters. In this paper, our main technique is a time-map method used in Corsato's PhD Thesis. By this method, studying the shape of the bifurcation curve is equivalent to studying the shape of a certain function T with improper integral. Generally speaking, it is difficult to study the shape of T. So, in this paper, we consider two cases that the nonlinearity is convex or concave. Thus we obtain the following results: (i) If f''(u) < 0 for u > 0, then the bifurcation curve is C-shaped. (ii) If f''(u) > 0 for u > 0, then there exists η>β such that the bifurcation curve does not exist for 0 <L≤ η and is C- like shaped for L>η. Furthermore, we prove that the bifurcation is C-shaped for L > η under a certain condition. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bifurcation%20curve" title="bifurcation curve">bifurcation curve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Minkowski-curvature%20problem" title=" Minkowski-curvature problem"> Minkowski-curvature problem</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=positive%20solution" title=" positive solution"> positive solution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time-map%20method" title=" time-map method"> time-map method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159183/bifurcation-curve-for-semipositone-problem-with-minkowski-curvature-operator" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159183.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">103</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">713</span> Investigation on Flexural Behavior of Non-Crimp 3D Orthogonal Weave Carbon Composite Reinforcement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sh.%20Minapoor">Sh. Minapoor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Ajeli"> S. Ajeli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Non-crimp three-dimensional (3D) orthogonal carbon fabrics are one of the useful textiles reinforcements in composites. In this paper, flexural and bending properties of a carbon non-crimp 3D orthogonal woven reinforcement are experimentally investigated. The present study is focused on the understanding and measurement of the main bending parameters including flexural stress, strain, and modulus. For this purpose, the three-point bending test method is used and the load-displacement curves are analyzed. The influence of some weave's parameters such as yarn type, geometry of structure, and fiber volume fraction on bending behavior of non-crimp 3D orthogonal carbon fabric is investigated. The obtained results also represent a dataset for the simulation of flexural behavior of non-crimp 3D orthogonal weave carbon composite reinforcement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-crimp%203D%20orthogonal%20weave" title="non-crimp 3D orthogonal weave">non-crimp 3D orthogonal weave</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20composite%20reinforcement" title=" carbon composite reinforcement"> carbon composite reinforcement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexural%20behavior" title=" flexural behavior"> flexural behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=three-point%20bending" title=" three-point bending"> three-point bending</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50505/investigation-on-flexural-behavior-of-non-crimp-3d-orthogonal-weave-carbon-composite-reinforcement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50505.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">298</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">712</span> Evaluation of Flange Bending Capacity near Member End Using a Finite Element Analysis Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alicia%20Kamischke">Alicia Kamischke</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Souhail%20Elhouar"> Souhail Elhouar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasser%20Khodair"> Yasser Khodair</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The American Institute of Steel Construction (AISC) Specification (360-10) provides equations for calculating the capacity of a W-shaped steel member to resist concentrated forces applied to its flange. In the case of flange local bending, the capacity equations were primarily formulated for an interior point along the member, which is defined to be at a distance larger than ten flange thicknesses away from the member’s end. When a concentrated load is applied within ten flange thicknesses from the member’s end, AISC requires a fifty percent reduction to be applied to the flange bending capacity. This reduction, however, is not supported by any research. In this study, finite element modeling is used to investigate the actual reduction in capacity near the end of such a steel member. The results indicate that the AISC equation for flange local bending is quite conservative for forces applied at less than ten flange thicknesses from the member’s end and a new equation is suggested for the evaluation of available flange local bending capacity within that distance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flange%20local%20bending" title="flange local bending">flange local bending</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concentrated%20forces" title=" concentrated forces"> concentrated forces</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=column" title=" column"> column</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flange%20capacity" title=" flange capacity"> flange capacity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22697/evaluation-of-flange-bending-capacity-near-member-end-using-a-finite-element-analysis-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22697.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">687</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">711</span> Checking Planetary Clutch on the Romania Tractor Using Mathematical Equations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Vahedi%20Torshizi">Mohammad Vahedi Torshizi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this investigation, at first, bending stress, contact stress, Safety factor of bending and Safety factor of contact between sun gear and planet gear tooth was determined using mathematical equations. Also, The amount of Sun Revolution in, Speed carrier, power Transmitted of the sun, sun torque, sun peripheral speed, Enter the tangential force gears, was calculated using mathematical equations. According to the obtained results, maximum of bending stress and contact stress occurred in three plantary and low status of four plantary. Also, maximum of Speed carrier, sun peripheral speed, Safety factor of bending and Safety factor of contact obtained in four plantary and maximum of power Transmitted of the sun, Enter the tangential force gears, bending stress and contact stress was in three pantry and factors And other factors were equal in the two planets. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bending%20stress" title="bending stress">bending stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=contact%20stress" title=" contact stress"> contact stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plantary" title=" plantary"> plantary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mathematical%20equations" title=" mathematical equations"> mathematical equations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58238/checking-planetary-clutch-on-the-romania-tractor-using-mathematical-equations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/58238.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">289</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=curvature%20bending&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=curvature%20bending&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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