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Dit is echter niet verplicht." class=""><span>Account aanmaken</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:Aanmelden&returnto=Cranberry" title="U wordt van harte uitgenodigd om aan te melden, maar dit is niet verplicht [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Aanmelden</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opties" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlijke hulpmiddelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Gebruikersmenu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_nl.wikipedia.org&uselang=nl"><span>Doneren</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciaal:GebruikerAanmaken&returnto=Cranberry" title="Registreer u vooral en meld u aan. 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class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">naar zijbalk verplaatsen</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">verbergen</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Top</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Kenmerken" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kenmerken"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Kenmerken</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kenmerken-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Verspreiding" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Verspreiding"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Verspreiding</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Verspreiding-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Verspreiding-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Verspreiding-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Habitat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Habitat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Habitat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Habitat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plantengemeenschap" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plantengemeenschap"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Plantengemeenschap</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plantengemeenschap-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Naamgevingsgeschiedenis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Naamgevingsgeschiedenis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Naamgevingsgeschiedenis</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Naamgevingsgeschiedenis-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Naamgevingsgeschiedenis-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Naamgevingsgeschiedenis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Andere_namen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Andere_namen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Andere namen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Andere_namen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Teelt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Teelt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Teelt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Teelt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gebruik" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gebruik"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Gebruik</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gebruik-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inhoudsstoffen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inhoudsstoffen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Inhoudsstoffen</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Inhoudsstoffen-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Inhoudsstoffen-subkopje inklappen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Inhoudsstoffen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Mineralen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mineralen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Mineralen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mineralen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vitaminen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vitaminen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Vitaminen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vitaminen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Overige_inhoudsstoffen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Overige_inhoudsstoffen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Overige inhoudsstoffen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Overige_inhoudsstoffen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Externe_link" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Externe_link"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Externe link</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Externe_link-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Inhoudsopgave omschakelen" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Inhoudsopgave omschakelen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cranberry</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ga naar een artikel in een andere taal. Beschikbaar in 31 talen" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-31" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">31 talen</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%85_%D9%83%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%85%D8%B1" title="قمام كبير الثمر – Arabisch" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قمام كبير الثمر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AA_%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%89" title="توت برى – Egyptisch Arabisch" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="توت برى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptisch Arabisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccinium_macrocarpon" title="Vaccinium macrocarpon – Asturisch" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Vaccinium macrocarpon" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccinium_macrocarpum" title="Vaccinium macrocarpum – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Vaccinium macrocarpum" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klikva_velkoplod%C3%A1" title="Klikva velkoplodá – Tsjechisch" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Klikva velkoplodá" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjechisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llygaeren_America" title="Llygaeren America – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Llygaeren America" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Storfrugtet_traneb%C3%A6r" title="Storfrugtet tranebær – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Storfrugtet tranebær" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gro%C3%9Ffr%C3%BCchtige_Moosbeere" title="Großfrüchtige Moosbeere – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Großfrüchtige Moosbeere" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wjelikop%C5%82odowa_%C5%BEorawina" title="Wjelikopłodowa žorawina – Nedersorbisch" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Wjelikopłodowa žorawina" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Nedersorbisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccinium_macrocarpon" title="Vaccinium macrocarpon – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Vaccinium macrocarpon" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerika_oksikoko" title="Amerika oksikoko – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Amerika oksikoko" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccinium_macrocarpon" title="Vaccinium macrocarpon – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Vaccinium macrocarpon" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="قره‌قات – Perzisch" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قره‌قات" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Perzisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikankarpalo" title="Amerikankarpalo – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Amerikankarpalo" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canneberge_%C3%A0_gros_fruits" title="Canneberge à gros fruits – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Canneberge à gros fruits" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameri%C4%8Dka_brusnica" title="Američka brusnica – Kroatisch" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Američka brusnica" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroatisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wulkop%C5%82odowa_tymjenka" title="Wulkopłodowa tymjenka – Oppersorbisch" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Wulkopłodowa tymjenka" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Oppersorbisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikai_t%C5%91zeg%C3%A1fonya" title="Amerikai tőzegáfonya – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Amerikai tőzegáfonya" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tr%C3%B6nuber" title="Trönuber – IJslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Trönuber" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="IJslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccinium_macrocarpon" title="Vaccinium macrocarpon – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Vaccinium macrocarpon" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stambiauog%C4%97_spanguol%C4%97" title="Stambiauogė spanguolė – Litouws" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Stambiauogė spanguolė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litouws" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Di%C5%BEbr%C5%ABklene" title="Dižbrūklene – Lets" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Dižbrūklene" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Lets" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikansk_traneb%C3%A6r" title="Amerikansk tranebær – Noors - Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Amerikansk tranebær" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Noors - Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BBurawina_wielkoowocowa" title="Żurawina wielkoowocowa – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Żurawina wielkoowocowa" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C4%BEukva_ve%C4%BEkoplod%C3%A1" title="Kľukva veľkoplodá – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kľukva veľkoplodá" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ameri%C4%8Dka_brusnica" title="Američka brusnica – Servisch" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Američka brusnica" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Servisch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amerikanskt_tranb%C3%A4r" title="Amerikanskt tranbär – Zweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Amerikanskt tranbär" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Zweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Журавлина великоплідна – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Журавлина великоплідна" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccinium_macrocarpon" title="Vaccinium macrocarpon – Vietnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vaccinium macrocarpon" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccinium_macrocarpum" title="Vaccinium macrocarpum – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Vaccinium macrocarpum" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E6%9E%9C%E8%B6%8A%E6%A9%98" title="大果越橘 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="大果越橘" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q149397#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Taalkoppelingen bewerken" class="wbc-editpage">Koppelingen bewerken</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimten"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Cranberry" title="Inhoudspagina bekijken [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Overleg:Cranberry" rel="discussion" title="Overleg over deze pagina [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Overleg</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" 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lang="nl" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="font-size:95%;"> <tbody><tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color:#cbe8c1; color:inherit; font-weight:bold;"><big>Cranberry</big> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; padding:0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Cranberry_bog.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Cranberry" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Cranberry_bog.jpg/266px-Cranberry_bog.jpg" decoding="async" width="266" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Cranberry_bog.jpg/399px-Cranberry_bog.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Cranberry_bog.jpg/532px-Cranberry_bog.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2700" data-file-height="1781" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color: #cbe8c1; color:inherit; font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomie_(biologie)" title="Taxonomie (biologie)">Taxonomische indeling</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td> <table style="margin:0 auto;"> <tbody><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Rijk_(biologie)" title="Rijk (biologie)">Rijk</a>:</td><td><i><a href="/wiki/Planten" title="Planten">Plantae</a></i> (Planten)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Stam_(biologie)" title="Stam (biologie)">Stam</a>:</td><td><i><a href="/wiki/Embryophyta" title="Embryophyta">Embryophyta</a></i> (Landplanten)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Klasse_(biologie)" title="Klasse (biologie)">Klasse</a>:</td><td><i><a href="/wiki/Spermatopsida" class="mw-redirect" title="Spermatopsida">Spermatopsida</a></i> (Zaadplanten)</td></tr><tr><td><i><a href="/wiki/Clade" title="Clade">Clade</a></i>:</td><td><a href="/wiki/Bedektzadigen" title="Bedektzadigen">Bedektzadigen</a></td></tr><tr><td><i><a href="/wiki/Clade" title="Clade">Clade</a></i>:</td><td><a href="/wiki/%27nieuwe%27_Tweezaadlobbigen" class="mw-redirect" title="'nieuwe' Tweezaadlobbigen">'nieuwe' Tweezaadlobbigen</a></td></tr><tr><td><i><a href="/wiki/Clade" title="Clade">Clade</a></i>:</td><td><a href="/wiki/Asteriden" class="mw-redirect" title="Asteriden">Asteriden</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Orde_(biologie)" title="Orde (biologie)">Orde</a>:</td><td><i><a href="/wiki/Ericales" title="Ericales">Ericales</a></i></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Familie_(biologie)" title="Familie (biologie)">Familie</a>:</td><td><i><a href="/wiki/Heidefamilie" title="Heidefamilie">Ericaceae</a></i> (Heidefamilie)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Geslacht_(biologie)" title="Geslacht (biologie)">Geslacht</a>:</td><td><i><a href="/wiki/Bosbes" title="Bosbes">Vaccinium</a></i> (Bosbes)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ondergeslacht" title="Ondergeslacht">Ondergeslacht</a>:</td><td><a href="/wiki/Veenbes" title="Veenbes"><i>Vaccinium</i> subg. <i>Oxycoccus</i></a> (Veenbes)</td></tr> <tr><td></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color: #cbe8c1; color:inherit; font-weight:bold;"><a href="/wiki/Soort" title="Soort">Soort</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td class="ta-center"><i><b>Vaccinium macrocarpon</b></i><br /><small><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Aiton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Aiton (de pagina bestaat niet)">Aiton</a></small><small> (1789)</small> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color: #cbe8c1; color:inherit; font-weight:bold;" colspan="2"> </th></tr> <tr> <td class="ta-center" colspan="2"><small><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Vaccinium_macrocarpon" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Vaccinium macrocarpon">Afbeeldingen</a> op</small> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <small><a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="ta-center" colspan="2"><small><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Vaccinium_macrocarpon" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Vaccinium macrocarpon">Cranberry</a> op</small> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Wikispecies-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikispecies"><img alt="Wikispecies" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/15px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/23px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/30px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></a></span> <small><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th class="infobox-kop notheme" style="background-color: #cbe8c1; color:inherit;" colspan="2"> <table style="margin:0 auto;" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><b>Portaal</b>  <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Portal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portaalicoon"><img alt="Portaalicoon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/22px-Portal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/33px-Portal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Portal.svg/44px-Portal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="36" data-file-height="32" /></a></span>   </td> <td class="ta-left"><b><a href="/wiki/Portaal:Biologie" title="Portaal:Biologie">Biologie</a> </b> </td></tr></tbody></table> </th></tr></tbody></table> <p>De <b>cranberry</b> of <b>lepeltjesheide</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<i>Vaccinium macrocarpon</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Aiton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Aiton (de pagina bestaat niet)">Ait.</a>), ook onder de naam <b>grote veenbes</b> in Heukels' Flora genoemd geweest,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is een plant uit de <a href="/wiki/Heidefamilie" title="Heidefamilie">heidefamilie</a> (<i>Ericaceae</i>). Het is een kruipende of overhangende plant met dunne <a href="/wiki/Stengel" title="Stengel">stengels</a>. In Nederland is de plant algemeen op de Waddeneilanden, vrij zeldzaam in het <a href="/wiki/Drents_district" title="Drents district">Drents district</a> en zeer zeldzaam in de rest van Nederland. De plant wordt onder meer in Noord-Amerika geteeld. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kenmerken">Kenmerken</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cranberry&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Kenmerken" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cranberry&action=edit&section=1" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Kenmerken"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De knikkende <a href="/wiki/Bloem_(plant)" title="Bloem (plant)">bloem</a> heeft een lange bloemsteel en is ongeveer 5 mm lang. De kleur varieert van roze tot rood. De <a href="/wiki/Kroonblad" title="Kroonblad">kroonbladeren</a> zijn sterk teruggeslagen en de <a href="/wiki/Meeldraden" class="mw-redirect" title="Meeldraden">meeldraden</a> en <a href="/wiki/Stempel_(plant)" title="Stempel (plant)">stempel</a> steken duidelijk uit. De <a href="/wiki/Blad" title="Blad">bladeren</a> zijn ovaal tot eirond (zie <a href="/wiki/Bladvorm#Algemene_vorm" title="Bladvorm">bladvorm</a> voor definities), 4 tot 10 mm lang en hebben omgerolde randen. Aan de onderzijde is het blad blauwgroen; de bovenzijde is donkergroen. De bloeiperiode loopt van juni tot augustus. De <a href="/wiki/Bes_(botanisch)" title="Bes (botanisch)">bes</a> is bol- of peervormig en heeft een doorsnede van 6-8 mm. Bessen zijn rijp tussen september en november, en zijn rood; later worden ze bruin en gevlekt. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verspreiding">Verspreiding</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cranberry&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Verspreiding" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cranberry&action=edit&section=2" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Verspreiding"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De soort komt oorspronkelijk uit <a href="/wiki/Noord-Amerika" title="Noord-Amerika">Noord-Amerika</a> en is in Europa een <a href="/wiki/Exoot" title="Exoot">exoot</a>. Het verhaal gaat dat in 1845 een vat bessen op <a href="/wiki/Terschelling" title="Terschelling">Terschelling</a> aanspoelde en door een jutter achter de eerste duinenrij werd gebracht, omdat hij dacht dat het om een waardevol vat wijn ging. Toen de inhoud uit bessen bleek te bestaan, liet hij die ter plaatse achter, waarna de soort zich op Terschelling uit kon zaaien.<sup id="cite_ref-Ecoflora_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ecoflora-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Levende planten werden daar in 1868 ontdekt door botanicus <a href="/wiki/Franciscus_Holkema" title="Franciscus Holkema">Franciscus Holkema</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vóór die tijd werd de soort al in Engeland en Duitsland gekweekt om de eetbare en vitamine C-rijke vruchten. </p><p>Op Terschelling komen uitgebreide velden van de cranberry voor in vochtige zure duinvalleien; de pluk van de bessen is er aan een cranberry-bedrijf verpacht. Ook op <a href="/wiki/Vlieland" title="Vlieland">Vlieland</a> komen grotere velden voor. Op de overige <a href="/wiki/Waddeneilanden" title="Waddeneilanden">Waddeneilanden</a> is de cranberry minder algemeen. De cranberry wordt in kleine aantallen gevonden in het <a href="/wiki/Fochtelo%C3%ABrveen" title="Fochteloërveen">Fochteloërveen</a> en het <a href="/wiki/Eesveen" title="Eesveen">Eesveen</a> op de grens van Friesland en Drenthe en daarnaast in het <a href="/wiki/Wormer-_en_Jisperveld" title="Wormer- en Jisperveld">Wormer- en Jisperveld</a> en in <a href="/wiki/Noord-Brabant" title="Noord-Brabant">Noord-Brabant</a> op de <a href="/wiki/Kampina" title="Kampina">Kampina</a>. In België handhaaft zich een kleine populatie op de <a href="/wiki/Kalmthoutse_Heide" title="Kalmthoutse Heide">Kalmthoutse Heide</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Op Terschelling staat de plant bekend als 'Pieter-Sipkesheide', naar de vinder van het vat in 1845. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Habitat">Habitat</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cranberry&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Habitat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cranberry&action=edit&section=3" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Habitat"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De cranberry heeft een voorkeur voor zure grond, zoals heide, veen en bossen, maar moet niet verward worden met de van nature op vergelijkbare <a href="/wiki/Standplaatsfactor" title="Standplaatsfactor">standplaats</a> voorkomende, inheemse <a href="/wiki/Kleine_veenbes" title="Kleine veenbes">kleine veenbes</a> (<i>Vaccinium oxycoccos</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Plantengemeenschap">Plantengemeenschap</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cranberry&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Plantengemeenschap" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cranberry&action=edit&section=4" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Plantengemeenschap"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De cranberry is een <a href="/wiki/Kensoort" class="mw-redirect" title="Kensoort">kensoort</a> voor de <a href="/wiki/Hoogveenmos-orde" title="Hoogveenmos-orde">hoogveenmos-orde</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Naamgevingsgeschiedenis">Naamgevingsgeschiedenis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cranberry&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Naamgevingsgeschiedenis" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cranberry&action=edit&section=5" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Naamgevingsgeschiedenis"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De soort werd door <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Aiton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Aiton (de pagina bestaat niet)">William Aiton</a> in 1789 als <i>Vaccinium macrocarpon</i> benoemd. Door <a href="/wiki/Christiaan_Hendrik_Persoon" title="Christiaan Hendrik Persoon">Christiaan Hendrik Persoon</a> werd ze in 1805 als <i>Oxycoccus macrocarpos</i> in het geslacht <a href="/wiki/Veenbes" title="Veenbes">veenbes</a> (<i>Oxycoccus</i> <span style="font-variant:small-caps;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Hill&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Hill (de pagina bestaat niet)">Hill</a></span>) geplaatst, waarin hij ook de in Europa inheemse <a href="/wiki/Kleine_veenbes" title="Kleine veenbes">veenbes</a> (<i>Vaccinium oxycoccos</i> <span style="font-variant:small-caps;">L.</span>) plaatste (als <i>Oxycoccus palustris</i>; de naam <i>Oxycoccus oxycoccos</i> (<span style="font-variant:small-caps;">L.</span>) <span style="font-variant:small-caps;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Conway_MacMillan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Conway MacMillan (de pagina bestaat niet)">MacMill.</a></span> van 1892 wordt als een ongeldig <a href="/wiki/Tautoniem" title="Tautoniem">tautoniem</a> beschouwd). Al in 1837 betwijfelde <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Daniel_Joseph_Koch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilhelm Daniel Joseph Koch (de pagina bestaat niet)">Wilhelm Daniel Joseph Koch</a> de status van <i>Oxycoccus</i> als zelfstandig geslacht, en hij plaatste het als een sectie in het geslacht <i>Vaccinium</i>. In <a href="/wiki/Flora_Europaea" title="Flora Europaea">Flora Europaea</a> wordt <i>Oxycoccus</i> opgevat als een ondergeslacht van <i>Vaccinium</i>, en die opvatting wordt door Heukels' flora gevolgd, waarmee de naam van de soort weer de oorspronkelijk gepubliceerde werd. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Andere_namen">Andere namen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cranberry&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Andere namen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cranberry&action=edit&section=6" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Andere namen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De cranberry heet in het Nederlands ook wel: </p> <ul><li><i>Lepeltjesheide</i></li> <li><i>Grote veenbes</i> (ingevoerd in de 21e druk van Heukels' flora, later weer opgegeven)</li> <li><i>Amerikaanse veenbes</i></li> <li><i>Moerasbes</i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Teelt">Teelt</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cranberry&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Teelt" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cranberry&action=edit&section=7" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Teelt"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Cranberrys_beim_Ernten.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Cranberrys_beim_Ernten.jpeg/260px-Cranberrys_beim_Ernten.jpeg" decoding="async" width="260" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Cranberrys_beim_Ernten.jpeg/390px-Cranberrys_beim_Ernten.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Cranberrys_beim_Ernten.jpeg/520px-Cranberrys_beim_Ernten.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="3157" data-file-height="2125" /></a><figcaption>Cranberryoogst in <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/De_cranberry_cultuur_op_Terschelling.ogv/260px--De_cranberry_cultuur_op_Terschelling.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="260" height="213" data-durationhint="175" data-mwtitle="De_cranberry_cultuur_op_Terschelling.ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/Bestand:De_cranberry_cultuur_op_Terschelling.ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5f/De_cranberry_cultuur_op_Terschelling.ogv/De_cranberry_cultuur_op_Terschelling.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="352" data-height="288" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5f/De_cranberry_cultuur_op_Terschelling.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora, vorbis"" data-width="352" data-height="288" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5f/De_cranberry_cultuur_op_Terschelling.ogv/De_cranberry_cultuur_op_Terschelling.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="176" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5f/De_cranberry_cultuur_op_Terschelling.ogv/De_cranberry_cultuur_op_Terschelling.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="294" data-height="240" /></video></span><figcaption>De teelt en verwerking van cranberry's op <a href="/wiki/Terschelling" title="Terschelling">Terschelling</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Het gebruik van de cranberry als medicinale plant was al bekend bij de Noord-Amerikaanse indianen. In de Verenigde Staten van Amerika en in Canada ontstonden er in de loop van de negentiende eeuw commerciële cranberryculturen, met name in de Amerikaanse staten <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">Massachusetts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wisconsin" title="Wisconsin">Wisconsin</a> en <a href="/wiki/New_Jersey" title="New Jersey">New Jersey</a>. In 1864 had Massachusetts al meer dan 3000 hectare cranberryvelden. Omdat de cranberry op lange zeereizen gebruikt werd als middel tegen <a href="/wiki/Scheurbuik" title="Scheurbuik">scheurbuik</a>, was er ook in Europa belangstelling voor commerciële teelt van de cranberry. De eerste pogingen werden ondernomen in de negentiende eeuw in Engeland en Duitsland. Na de ontdekking van de cranberry op Terschelling ontstond ook in Nederland belangstelling voor commerciële teelt. In 1885 bezocht de kweker <a href="/w/index.php?title=G.J._Borgesius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="G.J. Borgesius (de pagina bestaat niet)">G.J. Borgesius</a> uit <a href="/wiki/Musselkanaal" title="Musselkanaal">Musselkanaal</a> Terschelling, en kreeg van de gemeente Terschelling toestemming plantmateriaal mee naar zijn woonplaats te nemen. Van dit plantmateriaal begon hij in <a href="/wiki/Bovensmilde" title="Bovensmilde">Bovensmilde</a> in Drenthe een cranberrykweek die tot 1935 in stand werd gehouden. Nadien verdween de kweek hier snel. </p><p>Op Terschelling was er aanvankelijk sprake van pluk van in het wild voorkomende bessen. Tussen 1886 en 1900 werd de pluk bevorderd door de heren Wichers (onderwijzer op Terschelling) en Mulder (gepensioneerd technicus en inwoner van Terschelling). De groeiplaatsen in de duinen van Terschelling waren toen nog in eigendom van de gemeente Terschelling. De bessen werden na de pluk opgekocht en geëxporteerd naar Engeland. Na 1909 kwamen de duinen van Terschelling in beheer bij <a href="/wiki/Staatsbosbeheer" title="Staatsbosbeheer">Staatsbosbeheer</a> en werd de pluk verpacht aan enkele cranberrybedrijven. De cranberryvegetaties hadden echter te lijden onder verdroging als gevolg van de aanleg van ontwateringssloten door Staatsbosbeheer. Tussen 1917 en 1920 kreeg pachter C. Bloem de kans enkele duinvalleien, het <i>Studentenplak</i> en het <i>Waterplak</i>, te ontginnen en te beplanten met cranberrystekken. Ook een goed waterbeheer werd hier mogelijk gemaakt. Veenbesvelden werden soms bezand met een dun laagje duinzand om de wortelvorming van de planten te verbeteren. Na de Tweede Wereldoorlog verruigden de cranberryvelden door overwoekering met andere planten. Terschelling heeft nog steeds bijna 50 hectare cranberryvegetaties. De oogst kan variëren van enkele honderden kilo's in zeer slechte jaren (bij nachtvorstschade) tot meer dan 200 ton in zeer goede jaren. Van de cranberry worden talloze producten gemaakt, die op Terschelling vooral door toeristen worden gekocht. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gebruik">Gebruik</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cranberry&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Gebruik" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cranberry&action=edit&section=8" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Gebruik"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="spoiler" align="center" style="margin:1em auto; width:fit-content; overflow:hidden;"><div style="display:flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; gap:0.5em; border-top:2px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#c8ccd1); border-bottom:2px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#c8ccd1); padding:0.1em 0.2em;"> <div style="min-width:max-content;"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Esculaap4.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Esculaap"><img alt="Esculaap" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Esculaap4.svg/26px-Esculaap4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Esculaap4.svg/40px-Esculaap4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Esculaap4.svg/53px-Esculaap4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></div> <div style="text-wrap:balance;"><small>Neem het <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Voorbehoud_bij_medische_informatie" title="Wikipedia:Voorbehoud bij medische informatie"><i><b>voorbehoud bij medische informatie</b></i></a> in acht.<br />Raadpleeg bij gezondheidsklachten een <a href="/wiki/Arts" title="Arts">arts</a>.</small></div> </div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Bestand:Colander.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Colander.jpg/260px-Colander.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Colander.jpg/390px-Colander.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e2/Colander.jpg 2x" data-file-width="456" data-file-height="439" /></a><figcaption>Cranberry's</figcaption></figure> <p>Bereidingen van cranberry's (bijvoorbeeld gedroogd of als cranberrysap) zijn effectief in de preventie<sup id="cite_ref-PMID14973968_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PMID14973968-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-telegraaf_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-telegraaf-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> en behandeling<sup id="cite_ref-PMID20804630_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PMID20804630-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> van <a href="/wiki/Urineweginfectie" title="Urineweginfectie">blaasontsteking</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-PMID12058988_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PMID12058988-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-PMID12058985_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PMID12058985-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Er zijn drie soorten verbindingen in cranberry's die verantwoordelijk worden gehouden voor dit effect. De <a href="/wiki/Proanthocyanidine" title="Proanthocyanidine">proanthocyanidines</a> in cranberry's remmen de aanmaak van de bacteriële celwand en voorkomen de expressie van de haartjes (<a href="/wiki/Pilus" title="Pilus">pili</a>) waarmee de <i>E. coli</i> zich probeert te hechten aan het <a href="/wiki/Epitheel" title="Epitheel">epitheel</a> in de urinebuis.<sup id="cite_ref-PMID8093138_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PMID8093138-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De proanthocyanidines zijn in cranberry op een andere wijze (A-type) gebonden in vergelijking met die in andere fruitsoorten (B-type). Juist deze type A-proanthocyanidines zijn effectief in het voorkomen van kolonisatie door <i>E. coli</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-PMID9767006_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PMID9767006-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ook <a href="/wiki/Fructose" title="Fructose">fructose</a> in cranberry's heeft enige anti-adhesieve eigenschappen,<sup id="cite_ref-PMID2653218_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PMID2653218-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> maar vooral <a href="/wiki/Mannose" title="Mannose">mannose</a> vermindert de hechting van pathogene bacteriën. Daardoor verminderen de kolonisatiemogelijkheden van deze bacteriën, waardoor ze via de urinestroom naar buiten worden <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Gebruik">gespoeld</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-PMID12058988_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PMID12058988-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cranberry's kunnen op diverse manieren gebruikt worden:<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>vers</li> <li>gedroogd</li> <li>als cranberrysap</li> <li>gekookt (cranberrycompote)</li> <li>als capsules<sup id="cite_ref-telegraaf_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-telegraaf-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Inhoudsstoffen">Inhoudsstoffen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cranberry&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Inhoudsstoffen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cranberry&action=edit&section=9" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Inhoudsstoffen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mineralen">Mineralen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cranberry&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Mineralen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cranberry&action=edit&section=10" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Mineralen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De cranberry bevat de volgende mineralen (in <a href="/wiki/Parts_per_million" title="Parts per million">parts per million</a>) </p> <ul><li>kalium 530</li> <li>natrium 20</li> <li>calcium 130</li> <li>fosfor 80</li> <li>magnesium 55</li> <li>jodium 0,05</li> <li>zwavel 50</li> <li>chloride 40</li> <li>ijzer 4</li> <li>mangaan 6</li> <li>koper 4</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vitaminen">Vitaminen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cranberry&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Vitaminen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cranberry&action=edit&section=11" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Vitaminen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In de cranberry komen de volgende vitaminen voor: </p> <ul><li>vitamine A 40 IE</li> <li>vitamine C 7,5 - 10,5 mg/100 gram</li> <li>vitamine B-complex: <ul><li>thianin B1 13,5 <a href="/wiki/Microgram" title="Microgram">µg</a>/100 gram</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riboflavine" title="Riboflavine">riboflavine</a> 3 µg/100 gram</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicotinezuur" title="Nicotinezuur">nicotinezuur</a> 33 µg/100 gram</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pantotheenzuur" title="Pantotheenzuur">pantotheenzuur</a> 25 µg/100 gram</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyridoxine" title="Pyridoxine">pyridoxine</a> 10 µg/100 gram</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biotine" title="Biotine">biotinesporen</a>.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Overige_inhoudsstoffen">Overige inhoudsstoffen</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cranberry&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Overige inhoudsstoffen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cranberry&action=edit&section=12" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Overige inhoudsstoffen"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>De cranberry bevat behalve <a href="/wiki/Vitamine_C" class="mw-redirect" title="Vitamine C">vitamine C</a> ook <a href="/wiki/Proanthocyanidine" title="Proanthocyanidine">proanthocyanidinen</a> (onder meer <a href="/w/index.php?title=Epicatechine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Epicatechine (de pagina bestaat niet)">epicatechine</a>). De bessen bevatten ook <a href="/wiki/Oxaalzuur" title="Oxaalzuur">oxaalzuur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Benzo%C3%ABzuur" title="Benzoëzuur">benzoëzuur</a> en <a href="/wiki/Isoforon" title="Isoforon">isoforon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-oehha_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oehha-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Externe_link">Externe link</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cranberry&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Bewerk dit kopje: Externe link" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cranberry&action=edit&section=13" title="De broncode bewerken van de sectie: Externe link"><span>brontekst bewerken</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/*/https://www.soortenbank.nl/soorten.php?soortengroep=flora_nl_v2&id=1590&menuentry=soorten">Cranberry (<i>Vaccinium macrocarpon</i>)</a> op SoortenBank.nl (gearchiveerd) <small>(gebaseerd op de <i><a href="/wiki/Heukels%27_Flora_van_Nederland" title="Heukels' Flora van Nederland">Heukels</a></i><sup>23</sup>, dit is de voorlaatste uitgave)</small></li></ul> <div class="toccolours appendix" role="presentation" style="font-size:90%; margin:1em 0 -0.5em; clear:both;"> <div><span style="font-weight:bold">Bronnen, noten en/of referenties</span></div> <ul><li>Feyfer, F.E. de en J.P. Kok, 1986. Cranberry, 100 jaar historie en receptuur. Van Gorcum, Assen.</li></ul> <hr /> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">In de vakliteratuur komt ook de niet-officiële schrijfwijze <i>lepeltjeheide</i> voor.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-variant:small-caps;">Meijden, R. van der</span> (1990). Heukels' Flora van Nederland, 21e druk: 309, sub <i>Oxycossus macrocarpos</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ecoflora-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Ecoflora_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Weeda, E.J. <i>et al.</i> (1988). Nederlandse ecologische flora 3: 51-52.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Holkema, F., 1870. <i>De plantengroei der Nederlandsche Noordzee-eilanden</i>. Dissertatie Groningen. Holkema, Amsterdam.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150208170453/http://www.noorderkempen.be/planten/tekst/groteveenbes.htm">Grote veenbes aanwezig in Kalmthout</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.verspreidingsatlas.nl/0913#">Kleine veenbes</a>. FLORON Verspreidingsatlas Vaatplanten. Geraadpleegd op <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2021-02-15">15 februari 2021</span>. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PMID14973968-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-PMID14973968_7-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r67679320">.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding{font-family:sans-serif;font-size:85%;cursor:help;color:var(--color-subtle,#555)}.mw-parser-output .taalaanduiding span{border-bottom:1px dotted var(--color-subtle,#555)}</style><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span>Jepson RG, Mihaljevic L, Craig J. Cranberries for preventing urinary tract infections. 2004. <a href="/wiki/Cochrane_review" class="mw-redirect" title="Cochrane review">Cochrane</a> Database Syst Rev :CD001321. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD001321.pub2">10.1002/14651858.CD001321.pub2</a> <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14973968">14973968</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-telegraaf-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-telegraaf_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-telegraaf_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraaf.nl/gezondheid/actueel/22225359/__Cranberry_houdt_infectie_echt_tegen__.html">Cranberry houdt infectie écht tegen</a>. <i>telegraaf.nl</i>. </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PMID20804630-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-PMID20804630_9-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span>Vidlar A, Vostalova J, Ulrichova J, et al. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0007114510002059">The effectiveness of dried cranberries ( Vaccinium macrocarpon) in men with lower urinary tract symptoms.</a> (2010) Br J Nutr 104:1181-1189. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20804630">20804630</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PMID12058988-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-PMID12058988_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PMID12058988_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span>Reid G. The role of cranberry and probiotics in intestinal and urogenital tract health. (2002) Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 42:293-300. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12058988">12058988</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PMID12058985-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-PMID12058985_11-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span>Howell AB. Cranberry proanthocyanidins and the maintenance of urinary tract health. 2002. <i>Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr</i> 42:273-278. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12058985">12058985</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PMID8093138-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-PMID8093138_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span>Avorn J, Monane M, Gurwitz JH, et al. Reduction of bacteriuria and pyuria after ingestion of cranberry juice. (1994) JAMA 271:751-754. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8093138">8093138</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PMID9767006-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-PMID9767006_13-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span>Howell AB, Vorsa N, Der Marderosian A, et al. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJM199810083391516">Inhibition of the adherence of P-fimbriated Escherichia coli to uroepithelial-cell surfaces by proanthocyanidin extracts from cranberries.</a> (1998) N Engl J Med 339:1085-1086. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9767006">9767006</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJM199810083391516">gratis volledige artikel</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PMID2653218-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-PMID2653218_14-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r67679320"><span class="taalaanduiding" title="Taal: Engels">(<span>en</span>) </span>Zafriri D, Ofek I, Adar R, et al. Inhibitory activity of cranberry juice on adherence of type 1 and type P fimbriated Escherichia coli to eucaryotic cells. (1989) Antimicrob Agents Chemother 33:92-98. <a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2653218">2653218</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC171427/?tool=pubmed">gratis volledige artikel</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140612120637/http://www.start-gezond.nl/eten/cranberries/">Start-gezond - Cranberries</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-oehha-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-oehha_16-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060922222157/http://www.oehha.ca.gov/air/chronic_rels/pdf/isophorone.pdf">Chronic Toxicity Summary</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> </div> 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