CINXE.COM

<!doctype html> <html class="client-nojs skin-theme-clientpref-day mf-expand-sections-clientpref-0 mf-font-size-clientpref-small mw-mf-amc-clientpref-0" lang="fr" dir="ltr"> <head> <base href="https://fr.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B4te_saxonne"> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Litus Saxonicum — Wikipédia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js skin-theme-clientpref-day mf-expand-sections-clientpref-0 mf-font-size-clientpref-small mw-mf-amc-clientpref-0";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )frwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t."," \t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","janvier","février","mars","avril","mai","juin","juillet","août","septembre","octobre","novembre","décembre"],"wgRequestId":"cc2e4091-d8af-4212-9ac4-5f4696421be4","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Litus_Saxonicum","wgTitle":"Litus Saxonicum","wgCurRevisionId":220227339,"wgRevisionId":220227339,"wgArticleId": 3662771,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"fr","wgPageContentLanguage":"fr","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Litus_Saxonicum","wgRelevantArticleId":3662771,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgRedirectedFrom":"Côte_saxonne","wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"fr","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"fr"},"wgMFMode":"stable","wgMFAmc":false,"wgMFAmcOutreachActive":false,"wgMFAmcOutreachUserEligible":false,"wgMFLazyLoadImages":true,"wgMFEditNoticesFeatureConflict":false,"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgMFIsSupportedEditRequest":true,"wgMFScriptPath":"", "wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgInternalRedirectTargetUrl":"/wiki/Litus_Saxonicum","wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":true,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgSectionTranslationMissingLanguages":[{"lang":"ace","autonym":"Acèh","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ady","autonym":"адыгабзэ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"alt","autonym":"алтай тил","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"am","autonym":"አማርኛ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ami","autonym":"Pangcah","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"an","autonym":"aragonés","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ang","autonym":"Ænglisc","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ann","autonym":"Obolo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"anp","autonym":"अंगिका","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ar","autonym":"العربية","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"ary","autonym":"الدارجة","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"arz","autonym":"مصرى","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"as","autonym":"অসমীয়া","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ast","autonym":"asturianu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"av", "autonym":"авар","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"avk","autonym":"Kotava","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"awa","autonym":"अवधी","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ay","autonym":"Aymar aru","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"az","autonym":"azərbaycanca","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"azb","autonym":"تۆرکجه","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"ba","autonym":"башҡортса","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ban","autonym":"Basa Bali","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bar","autonym":"Boarisch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bbc","autonym":"Batak Toba","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bcl","autonym":"Bikol Central","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bdr","autonym":"Bajau Sama","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"be","autonym":"беларуская","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bew","autonym":"Betawi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bho","autonym":"भोजपुरी","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bi","autonym":"Bislama","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bjn","autonym":"Banjar","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"blk","autonym":"ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bm","autonym":"bamanankan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bo","autonym": "བོད་ཡིག","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bpy","autonym":"বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bs","autonym":"bosanski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"btm","autonym":"Batak Mandailing","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"bug","autonym":"Basa Ugi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ca","autonym":"català","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cdo","autonym":"閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ce","autonym":"нохчийн","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ceb","autonym":"Cebuano","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ch","autonym":"Chamoru","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"chr","autonym":"ᏣᎳᎩ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ckb","autonym":"کوردی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"co","autonym":"corsu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cr","autonym":"Nēhiyawēwin / ᓀᐦᐃᔭᐍᐏᐣ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"crh","autonym":"qırımtatarca","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cs","autonym":"čeština","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cu","autonym":"словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"cy","autonym":"Cymraeg", "dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"da","autonym":"dansk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dag","autonym":"dagbanli","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dga","autonym":"Dagaare","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"din","autonym":"Thuɔŋjäŋ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"diq","autonym":"Zazaki","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dsb","autonym":"dolnoserbski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dtp","autonym":"Kadazandusun","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"dv","autonym":"ދިވެހިބަސް","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"dz","autonym":"ཇོང་ཁ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ee","autonym":"eʋegbe","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"el","autonym":"Ελληνικά","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"eml","autonym":"emiliàn e rumagnòl","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"eo","autonym":"Esperanto","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"et","autonym":"eesti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"eu","autonym":"euskara","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fa","autonym":"فارسی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"fat","autonym":"mfantse","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ff","autonym":"Fulfulde","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fi","autonym":"suomi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fj","autonym":"Na Vosa Vakaviti","dir" :"ltr"},{"lang":"fo","autonym":"føroyskt","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fon","autonym":"fɔ̀ngbè","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"frp","autonym":"arpetan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"frr","autonym":"Nordfriisk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fur","autonym":"furlan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"fy","autonym":"Frysk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gag","autonym":"Gagauz","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gan","autonym":"贛語","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gcr","autonym":"kriyòl gwiyannen","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gl","autonym":"galego","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"glk","autonym":"گیلکی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"gn","autonym":"Avañe'ẽ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gom","autonym":"गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gor","autonym":"Bahasa Hulontalo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gpe","autonym":"Ghanaian Pidgin","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gu","autonym":"ગુજરાતી","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"guc","autonym":"wayuunaiki","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"gur","autonym":"farefare","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"guw","autonym":"gungbe","dir":"ltr"},{ "lang":"gv","autonym":"Gaelg","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ha","autonym":"Hausa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hak","autonym":"客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"haw","autonym":"Hawaiʻi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"he","autonym":"עברית","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"hi","autonym":"हिन्दी","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hif","autonym":"Fiji Hindi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hsb","autonym":"hornjoserbsce","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ht","autonym":"Kreyòl ayisyen","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hu","autonym":"magyar","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hy","autonym":"հայերեն","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"hyw","autonym":"Արեւմտահայերէն","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ia","autonym":"interlingua","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"iba","autonym":"Jaku Iban","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ie","autonym":"Interlingue","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ig","autonym":"Igbo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"igl","autonym":"Igala","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ilo","autonym":"Ilokano","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"io","autonym":"Ido","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"is","autonym":"íslenska","dir":"ltr" },{"lang":"iu","autonym":"ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ja","autonym":"日本語","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"jam","autonym":"Patois","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"jv","autonym":"Jawa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ka","autonym":"ქართული","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kaa","autonym":"Qaraqalpaqsha","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kab","autonym":"Taqbaylit","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kbd","autonym":"адыгэбзэ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kbp","autonym":"Kabɩyɛ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kcg","autonym":"Tyap","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kg","autonym":"Kongo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kge","autonym":"Kumoring","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ki","autonym":"Gĩkũyũ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kk","autonym":"қазақша","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kl","autonym":"kalaallisut","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"km","autonym":"ភាសាខ្មែរ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kn","autonym":"ಕನ್ನಡ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ko","autonym":"한국어","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"koi","autonym":"перем коми","dir":"ltr"},{"lang": "krc","autonym":"къарачай-малкъар","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ks","autonym":"कॉशुर / کٲشُر","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"ku","autonym":"kurdî","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kus","autonym":"Kʋsaal","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kv","autonym":"коми","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"kw","autonym":"kernowek","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ky","autonym":"кыргызча","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lad","autonym":"Ladino","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lb","autonym":"Lëtzebuergesch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lez","autonym":"лезги","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lg","autonym":"Luganda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"li","autonym":"Limburgs","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lij","autonym":"Ligure","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lld","autonym":"Ladin","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lmo","autonym":"lombard","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ln","autonym":"lingála","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lo","autonym":"ລາວ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lt","autonym":"lietuvių","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ltg","autonym":"latgaļu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"lv","autonym":"latviešu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang": "mad","autonym":"Madhurâ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mai","autonym":"मैथिली","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"map-bms","autonym":"Basa Banyumasan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mdf","autonym":"мокшень","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mg","autonym":"Malagasy","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mhr","autonym":"олык марий","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mi","autonym":"Māori","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"min","autonym":"Minangkabau","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mk","autonym":"македонски","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ml","autonym":"മലയാളം","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mn","autonym":"монгол","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mni","autonym":"ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mnw","autonym":"ဘာသာမန်","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mos","autonym":"moore","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mr","autonym":"मराठी","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mrj","autonym":"кырык мары","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ms","autonym":"Bahasa Melayu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mt","autonym":"Malti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mwl","autonym":"Mirandés","dir": "ltr"},{"lang":"my","autonym":"မြန်မာဘာသာ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"myv","autonym":"эрзянь","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"mzn","autonym":"مازِرونی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"nah","autonym":"Nāhuatl","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nan","autonym":"閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nap","autonym":"Napulitano","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nb","autonym":"norsk bokmål","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nds","autonym":"Plattdüütsch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nds-nl","autonym":"Nedersaksies","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ne","autonym":"नेपाली","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"new","autonym":"नेपाल भाषा","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nia","autonym":"Li Niha","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nn","autonym":"norsk nynorsk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nqo","autonym":"ߒߞߏ","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"nr","autonym":"isiNdebele seSewula","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"nso","autonym":"Sesotho sa Leboa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ny","autonym":"Chi-Chewa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"oc","autonym":"occitan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"om", "autonym":"Oromoo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"or","autonym":"ଓଡ଼ିଆ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"os","autonym":"ирон","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pa","autonym":"ਪੰਜਾਬੀ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pag","autonym":"Pangasinan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pam","autonym":"Kapampangan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pap","autonym":"Papiamentu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pcd","autonym":"Picard","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pcm","autonym":"Naijá","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pdc","autonym":"Deitsch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pl","autonym":"polski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pms","autonym":"Piemontèis","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"pnb","autonym":"پنجابی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"ps","autonym":"پښتو","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"pwn","autonym":"pinayuanan","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"qu","autonym":"Runa Simi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rm","autonym":"rumantsch","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rn","autonym":"ikirundi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ro","autonym":"română","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rsk","autonym":"руски","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rue","autonym": "русиньскый","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rup","autonym":"armãneashti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"rw","autonym":"Ikinyarwanda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sa","autonym":"संस्कृतम्","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sah","autonym":"саха тыла","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sat","autonym":"ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sc","autonym":"sardu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"scn","autonym":"sicilianu","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sco","autonym":"Scots","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sd","autonym":"سنڌي","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"se","autonym":"davvisámegiella","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sg","autonym":"Sängö","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sgs","autonym":"žemaitėška","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"shi","autonym":"Taclḥit","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"shn","autonym":"ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"si","autonym":"සිංහල","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sk","autonym":"slovenčina","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"skr","autonym":"سرائیکی","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"sl","autonym":"slovenščina","dir":"ltr"},{"lang": "sm","autonym":"Gagana Samoa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"smn","autonym":"anarâškielâ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sn","autonym":"chiShona","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"so","autonym":"Soomaaliga","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sq","autonym":"shqip","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sr","autonym":"српски / srpski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"srn","autonym":"Sranantongo","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ss","autonym":"SiSwati","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"st","autonym":"Sesotho","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"stq","autonym":"Seeltersk","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"su","autonym":"Sunda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sv","autonym":"svenska","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"sw","autonym":"Kiswahili","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"szl","autonym":"ślůnski","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ta","autonym":"தமிழ்","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tay","autonym":"Tayal","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tcy","autonym":"ತುಳು","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tdd","autonym":"ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"te","autonym":"తెలుగు","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tet","autonym":"tetun","dir":"ltr"} ,{"lang":"tg","autonym":"тоҷикӣ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"th","autonym":"ไทย","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ti","autonym":"ትግርኛ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tk","autonym":"Türkmençe","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tl","autonym":"Tagalog","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tly","autonym":"tolışi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tn","autonym":"Setswana","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"to","autonym":"lea faka-Tonga","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tpi","autonym":"Tok Pisin","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tr","autonym":"Türkçe","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"trv","autonym":"Seediq","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ts","autonym":"Xitsonga","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tt","autonym":"татарча / tatarça","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tum","autonym":"chiTumbuka","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tw","autonym":"Twi","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ty","autonym":"reo tahiti","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"tyv","autonym":"тыва дыл","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"udm","autonym":"удмурт","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ur","autonym":"اردو","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"uz","autonym":"oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча", "dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"ve","autonym":"Tshivenda","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vec","autonym":"vèneto","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vep","autonym":"vepsän kel’","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vi","autonym":"Tiếng Việt","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vls","autonym":"West-Vlams","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vo","autonym":"Volapük","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"vro","autonym":"võro","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"wa","autonym":"walon","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"war","autonym":"Winaray","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"wo","autonym":"Wolof","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"wuu","autonym":"吴语","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"xal","autonym":"хальмг","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"xh","autonym":"isiXhosa","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"xmf","autonym":"მარგალური","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"yi","autonym":"ייִדיש","dir":"rtl"},{"lang":"yo","autonym":"Yorùbá","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"yue","autonym":"粵語","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"za","autonym":"Vahcuengh","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"zgh","autonym":"ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ","dir":"ltr"},{"lang":"zu", "autonym":"isiZulu","dir":"ltr"}],"wgSectionTranslationTargetLanguages":["ace","ady","alt","am","ami","an","ang","ann","anp","ar","ary","arz","as","ast","av","avk","awa","ay","az","azb","ba","ban","bar","bbc","bcl","bdr","be","bew","bg","bho","bi","bjn","blk","bm","bn","bo","bpy","br","bs","btm","bug","ca","cdo","ce","ceb","ch","chr","ckb","co","cr","crh","cs","cu","cy","da","dag","de","dga","din","diq","dsb","dtp","dv","dz","ee","el","eml","eo","es","et","eu","fa","fat","ff","fi","fj","fo","fon","fr","frp","frr","fur","fy","gag","gan","gcr","gl","glk","gn","gom","gor","gpe","gu","guc","gur","guw","gv","ha","hak","haw","he","hi","hif","hr","hsb","ht","hu","hy","hyw","ia","iba","ie","ig","igl","ilo","io","is","it","iu","ja","jam","jv","ka","kaa","kab","kbd","kbp","kcg","kg","kge","ki","kk","kl","km","kn","ko","koi","krc","ks","ku","kus","kv","kw","ky","lad","lb","lez","lg","li","lij","lld","lmo","ln","lo","lt","ltg","lv","mad","mai","map-bms","mdf","mg","mhr","mi","min","mk","ml","mn", "mni","mnw","mos","mr","mrj","ms","mt","mwl","my","myv","mzn","nah","nan","nap","nb","nds","nds-nl","ne","new","nia","nl","nn","nqo","nr","nso","ny","oc","om","or","os","pa","pag","pam","pap","pcd","pcm","pdc","pl","pms","pnb","ps","pt","pwn","qu","rm","rn","ro","rsk","rue","rup","rw","sa","sah","sat","sc","scn","sco","sd","se","sg","sgs","sh","shi","shn","si","sk","skr","sl","sm","smn","sn","so","sq","sr","srn","ss","st","stq","su","sv","sw","szl","ta","tay","tcy","tdd","te","tet","tg","th","ti","tk","tl","tly","tn","to","tpi","tr","trv","ts","tt","tum","tw","ty","tyv","udm","ur","uz","ve","vec","vep","vi","vls","vo","vro","wa","war","wo","wuu","xal","xh","xmf","yi","yo","yue","za","zgh","zh","zu"],"isLanguageSearcherCXEntrypointEnabled":true,"mintEntrypointLanguages":["ace","ast","azb","bcl","bjn","bh","crh","ff","fon","ig","is","ki","ks","lmo","min","sat","ss","tn","vec"],"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q1773614","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness", "fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false,"wgMinervaPermissions":{"watchable":true,"watch":false},"wgMinervaFeatures":{"beta":false,"donate":true,"mobileOptionsLink":true,"categories":false,"pageIssues":true,"talkAtTop":false,"historyInPageActions":false,"overflowSubmenu":false,"tabsOnSpecials":true,"personalMenu":false,"mainMenuExpanded":false,"echo":true,"nightMode":true},"wgMinervaDownloadNamespaces":[0]};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.Mobile":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.content.styles.images":"ready","mediawiki.hlist":"ready","skins.minerva.codex.styles":"ready","skins.minerva.icons":"ready", "ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","mobile.init.styles":"ready","ext.relatedArticles.styles":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.action.view.redirect","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","skins.minerva.scripts","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ArchiveLinks","ext.gadget.Wdsearch","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","ext.popups","mobile.init","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.relatedArticles.readMore.bootstrap","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.entrypoints.mffrequentlanguages","ext.cx.entrypoints.languagesearcher.init","mw.externalguidance.init","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=fr&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.relatedArticles.styles%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cmediawiki.hlist%7Cmobile.init.styles%7Cskins.minerva.codex.styles%7Cskins.minerva.content.styles.images%7Cskins.minerva.icons%2Cstyles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=minerva"> <script async src="/w/load.php?lang=fr&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=minerva"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=fr&modules=ext.gadget.Mobile&only=styles&skin=minerva"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=fr&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=minerva"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#eaecf0"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0, user-scalable=yes, minimum-scale=0.25, maximum-scale=5.0"> <meta property="og:title" content="Litus Saxonicum — Wikipédia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="manifest" href="/w/api.php?action=webapp-manifest"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Modifier" href="/w/index.php?title=Litus_Saxonicum&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipédia (fr)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//fr.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litus_Saxonicum"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.fr"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> <meta http-equiv="X-Translated-By" content="Google"> <meta http-equiv="X-Translated-To" content="en"> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/_/translate_http/_/js/k=translate_http.tr.en_GB.1hbgkFx4Qn8.O/am=DgY/d=1/rs=AN8SPfqlmAPxwfG457BPbRXwNq39oSMGHg/m=corsproxy" data-sourceurl="https://fr.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B4te_saxonne"></script> <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Material+Symbols+Outlined:opsz,wght,FILL,GRAD@20..48,100..700,0..1,-50..200" rel="stylesheet"> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/_/translate_http/_/js/k=translate_http.tr.en_GB.1hbgkFx4Qn8.O/am=DgY/d=1/exm=corsproxy/ed=1/rs=AN8SPfqlmAPxwfG457BPbRXwNq39oSMGHg/m=phishing_protection" data-phishing-protection-enabled="false" data-forms-warning-enabled="true" data-source-url="https://fr.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B4te_saxonne"></script> <meta name="robots" content="none"> </head> <body class="mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Litus_Saxonicum rootpage-Litus_Saxonicum stable issues-group-B skin-minerva action-view skin--responsive mw-mf-amc-disabled mw-mf"> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/_/translate_http/_/js/k=translate_http.tr.en_GB.1hbgkFx4Qn8.O/am=DgY/d=1/exm=corsproxy,phishing_protection/ed=1/rs=AN8SPfqlmAPxwfG457BPbRXwNq39oSMGHg/m=navigationui" data-environment="prod" data-proxy-url="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog" data-proxy-full-url="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%B4te_saxonne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-source-url="https://fr.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%B4te_saxonne" data-source-language="auto" data-target-language="en" data-display-language="en-GB" data-detected-source-language="fr" data-is-source-untranslated="false" data-source-untranslated-url="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%25C3%25B4te_saxonne&anno=2" data-client="tr"></script> <div id="mw-mf-viewport"> <div id="mw-mf-page-center"><a class="mw-mf-page-center__mask" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%B4te_saxonne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#"></a> <header class="header-container header-chrome"> <div class="minerva-header"> <nav class="navigation-drawer toggle-list view-border-box"><input type="checkbox" id="main-menu-input" class="toggle-list__checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-labelledby="mw-mf-main-menu-button"> <label role="button" for="main-menu-input" id="mw-mf-main-menu-button" aria-hidden="true" data-event-name="ui.mainmenu" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet toggle-list__toggle"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--menu"></span> <span></span> </label> <div id="mw-mf-page-left" class="menu view-border-box"> <ul id="p-navigation" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--home" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Accueil_principal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--home"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Accueil</span> </a></li> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--random" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Page_au_hasard?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--die"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Au hasard</span> </a></li> <li class="toggle-list-item skin-minerva-list-item-jsonly"><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--nearby" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Nearby?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.nearby" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--mapPin"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">À proximité</span> </a></li> </ul> <ul id="p-personal" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--login" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Connexion&returnto=Litus+Saxonicum&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.login" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--logIn"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Se connecter</span> </a></li> </ul> <ul id="pt-preferences" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item skin-minerva-list-item-jsonly"><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--settings" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:MobileOptions&returnto=Litus+Saxonicum&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.settings" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--settings"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Configuration</span> </a></li> </ul> <ul id="p-donation" class="toggle-list__list"> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--donate" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source%3Ddonate%26utm_medium%3Dsidebar%26utm_campaign%3DC13_fr.wikipedia.org%26uselang%3Dfr%26utm_key%3Dminerva" data-event-name="menu.donate" data-mw="interface"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--heart"></span> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Faire un don</span> </a></li> </ul> <ul class="hlist"> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--about" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:%C3%80_propos_de_Wikip%C3%A9dia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-mw="interface"> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">À propos de Wikipédia</span> </a></li> <li class="toggle-list-item "><a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--disclaimers" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Avertissements_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9raux?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-mw="interface"> <span class="toggle-list-item__label">Avertissements</span> </a></li> </ul> </div><label class="main-menu-mask" for="main-menu-input"></label> </nav> <div class="branding-box"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Accueil_principal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <span><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-fr.svg" alt="Wikipédia" width="119" height="18" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 1.125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <form action="/w/index.php" method="get" class="minerva-search-form"> <div class="search-box"><input type="hidden" name="title" value="Spécial:Recherche"> <input class="search skin-minerva-search-trigger" id="searchInput" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Rechercher sur Wikipédia" aria-label="Rechercher sur Wikipédia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Rechercher sur Wikipédia [f]" accesskey="f"> <span class="search-box-icon-overlay"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> </span> </div><button id="searchIcon" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet skin-minerva-search-trigger"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> <span>Rechercher</span> </button> </form> <nav class="minerva-user-navigation" aria-label="Navigation utilisateur"> </nav> </div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Litus Saxonicum</i></h1> <div class="tagline"> limes </div> </div> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%B4te_saxonne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Langue" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--language"></span> <span>Langue</span> </a></li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Connexion&returnto=Litus+Saxonicum&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--star"></span> <span>Suivre</span> </a></li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"><a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Litus_Saxonicum&action=edit&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Modifier</span> </a></li> </ul> </nav> <div id="mw-content-subtitle"> <span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirigé depuis <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=C%C3%B4te_saxonne&redirect=no&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Côte saxonne">Côte saxonne</a>)</span> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <p class="mw-empty-elt"></p> <p>Le <b><i><span class="lang-la" lang="la">Litus Saxonicum</span></i></b> (littéralement « côte saxonne ») était un commandement militaire du <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bas-Empire_romain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bas-Empire romain">Bas-Empire romain</a>, constitué d'une série de fortifications sur les deux rives de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manche_(mer)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Manche (mer)">Manche</a>. À la fin du <abbr class="abbr" title="4ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">IV</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle, il fut limité à la seule <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bretagne (province romaine)">Bretagne</a>, les fortifications de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gaule?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gaule">Gaule</a> passant sous des commandements distincts. Plusieurs forts de ce système subsistent sur les côtes sud et est de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Angleterre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Angleterre">Angleterre</a>.</p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="fr" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Sommaire</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%B4te_saxonne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Contexte"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Contexte</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%B4te_saxonne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Sens_du_terme_et_r%C3%B4le"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Sens du terme et rôle</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%B4te_saxonne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Liste_des_forts"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Liste des forts</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%B4te_saxonne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#En_Bretagne_insulaire"><span class="tocnumber">3.1</span> <span class="toctext">En Bretagne insulaire</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%B4te_saxonne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#En_Gaule"><span class="tocnumber">3.2</span> <span class="toctext">En Gaule</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%B4te_saxonne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#R%C3%A9f%C3%A9rences"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Références</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%B4te_saxonne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Voir_aussi"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Voir aussi</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%B4te_saxonne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Bibliographie"><span class="tocnumber">5.1</span> <span class="toctext">Bibliographie</span></a></li> </ul></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Contexte">Contexte</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Litus_Saxonicum&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Contexte" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>Durant la seconde moitié du <abbr class="abbr" title="3ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">III</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle, l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Empire_romain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Empire romain">Empire romain</a> dut faire face à une <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Crise_du_troisi%C3%A8me_si%C3%A8cle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Crise du troisième siècle">crise grave</a>. Affaibli par les guerres civiles, la rapide succession d'empereurs éphémères et la sécession de provinces, il fut également soumis à de nouvelles attaques des « <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Barbare?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Barbare">barbares</a> ». La majeure partie de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grande-Bretagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Grande-Bretagne">Grande-Bretagne</a> constituait, depuis le milieu du <abbr class="abbr" title="1ᵉʳ siècle"><span class="romain">I</span><sup style="font-size:72%">er</sup></abbr> siècle, la province de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bretagne (province romaine)">Bretagne</a>. Au nord, elle était protégée par les murs d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mur_d%27Hadrien?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mur d'Hadrien">Hadrien</a> et d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mur_d%27Antonin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mur d'Antonin">Antonin</a>, tandis que la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Classis_Britannica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Classis Britannica">Classis Britannica</a> patrouillait dans la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Manche_(mer)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Manche (mer)">Manche</a> pour neutraliser les pillards maritimes.</p> <p>Toutefois, la pression toujours croissante aux frontières entraîna une vague massive de fortification à travers tout l'Empire, afin de protéger les villes et garder les points stratégiques importants. C'est dans ce contexte que les forts de la Côte saxonne furent édifiés. Dès les années 230, sous <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/S%C3%A9v%C3%A8re_Alexandre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sévère Alexandre">Sévère Alexandre</a>, plusieurs unités furent déplacées de la frontière nord vers des postes dans le sud, et de nouveaux forts construits à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brancaster?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brancaster">Brancaster</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Caister-on-Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Caister-on-Sea">Caister-on-Sea</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reculver?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reculver">Reculver</a>. <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Douvres?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Douvres">Douvres</a> était fortifiée depuis le début du <abbr class="abbr" title="2ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">II</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle, et lorsque les autres forts furent édifiés, entre les années 270 et 290, le système de fortifications était achevé.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Sens_du_terme_et_rôle"><span id="Sens_du_terme_et_r.C3.B4le"></span>Sens du terme et rôle</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Litus_Saxonicum&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Sens du terme et rôle" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Litus_Saxonicum.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Litus_Saxonicum.png/220px-Litus_Saxonicum.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="690" data-file-height="520"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 166px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Litus_Saxonicum.png/220px-Litus_Saxonicum.png" data-width="220" data-height="166" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Litus_Saxonicum.png/330px-Litus_Saxonicum.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Litus_Saxonicum.png/440px-Litus_Saxonicum.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Le système de fortifications sur les deux rives de la Manche. </figcaption> </figure> <p>La seule source contemporaine à notre disposition qui mentionne le nom de « Côte saxonne » est la <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Notitia_dignitatum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Notitia dignitatum">Notitia dignitatum</a></i>, datant de la fin du <abbr class="abbr" title="4ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">IV</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle, qui mentionne son commandant, le <i>Comes Litoris Saxonici per Britanniam</i> (« Comte de la Côte saxonne en Bretagne »), et nomme les sites sous son commandement et leurs compléments respectifs en personnel militaire<sup id="cite_ref-NotitiaBritain_1-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%B4te_saxonne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-NotitiaBritain-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Toutefois, en l'absence d'éléments supplémentaires, le sens exact du nom est sujet à débat chez les historiens, de même que la nature et le but de la chaîne de fortifications qu'il désigne.</p> <p>Deux interprétations de l'adjectif « saxonne » ont été proposées : soit une côte <i>attaquée</i> par les <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saxons?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saxons">Saxons</a>, soit une côte <i>colonisée</i> par eux. Cette dernière hypothèse est en partie soutenue par des découvertes archéologiques : des objets de style germanique ont été découverts dans des tombes, tandis que l'installation en grand nombre de Saxons dans le sud-est de l'Angleterre et le nord de la Gaule (autour de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Boulogne-sur-Mer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Boulogne-sur-Mer">Boulogne-sur-Mer</a> et de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bayeux?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bayeux">Bayeux</a>) est clairement attestée à partir du milieu du <abbr class="abbr" title="5ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">V</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%B4te_saxonne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. L'installation de tribus germaniques est notamment attestée sur la côte de la Gaule. Le chroniqueur <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eutrope_(historien)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eutrope (historien)">Eutrope</a> indique qu'au cours des années 280, la mer au large des côtes de Belgique et d'Armorique était « infestée de Francs et de Saxons », et c'est pour cette raison que <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carausius?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Carausius">Carausius</a> fut placé à la tête de la <i>Classis Britannica</i><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%B4te_saxonne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Par ailleurs, la <i>Notitia</i> documente la présence de nombreuses tribus germaniques (notamment des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Francs?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Francs">Francs</a> et des <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Su%C3%A8ves?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Suèves">Suèves</a>) servant comme <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A8tes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lètes">Lètes</a> dans l'armée romaine à la fin du <abbr class="abbr" title="4ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">IV</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%B4te_saxonne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-4"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>4<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>L'autre interprétation, soutenue par Stephen Johnson, soutient que les forts remplissaient un rôle de défense côtière contre des envahisseurs maritimes, en majorité des Saxons et des Francs<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%B4te_saxonne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-5"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>5<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> et de bases pour les <i>Classis</i> opérant contre eux. Cette opinion est renforcée par l'existence d'une chaîne de fortifications parallèles le long de la rive sud de la Manche, qui complète les forteresses britanniques et suggère l'existence d'un système de défense unifié<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%B4te_saxonne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-6"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>6<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Toutefois, d'autres historiens, parmi lesquels John Cotterill, considèrent la menace causée par les maraudeurs germaniques comme exagérée, du moins au <abbr class="abbr" title="3ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">III</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle et au début du <abbr class="abbr" title="4ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">IV</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr>. Ils interprètent différemment la construction des forts de Brancaster, Caister-on-Sea et Reculver au début du <abbr class="abbr" title="3ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">III</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle et leur position (sur les estuaires de cours d'eau navigables) : pour eux, ils jouaient le rôle de réserves fortifiées et de points de transport à partir de et vers la Bretagne et la Gaule, sans lien (du moins à cette époque) avec la piraterie<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%B4te_saxonne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-7"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>7<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. Cette opinion est soutenue par des références contemporaines au ravitaillement de l'armée de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Julien_(empereur_romain)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Julien (empereur romain)">Julien</a> par du grain provenant de Bretagne durant sa campagne en Gaule en 359<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%B4te_saxonne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-8"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>8<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>, et à leur usage comme points de débarquement sûrs par <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Th%C3%A9odose_l%27Ancien?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Théodose l'Ancien">Théodose l'Ancien</a> durant la réduction de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Coalition_barbare_de_368_en_Bretagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Coalition barbare de 368 en Bretagne">Grande Conspiration</a> quelques années plus tard<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%B4te_saxonne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-9"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>9<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Une autre théorie, proposée par D. A. White, veut que le système étendu de grands forts de pierre était disproportionné par rapport à toute menace qu'auraient pu poser des pirates germaniques, et qu'il ait été conçu et construit durant la sécession de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carausius?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Carausius">Carausius</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Allectus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Allectus">Allectus</a> (la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/R%C3%A9volte_carausienne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Révolte carausienne">Révolte carausienne</a>), en 289-296, avec un ennemi tout à fait différent en vue : ils devaient prévenir toute tentative de reconquête par l'Empire. Cette opinion, largement disputée, a été récemment appuyée par des fouilles archéologiques à Pevensey, qui datent la construction du fort du début des années 290<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%B4te_saxonne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-10"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>10<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <p>Quel qu'ait été leur but original, il est certain que durant les dernières décennies du <abbr class="abbr" title="4ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">IV</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle, les forteresses et leurs garnisons étaient employées pour lutter contre les pirates francs et saxons. Toutefois, le contrôle romain sur la région ne se remit jamais totalement de la Grande Conspiration, et la Grande-Bretagne fut abandonnée par Rome vers 407. Les forts des deux rives continuèrent à servir durant les siècles qui suivirent, notamment en Grande-Bretagne, où certains servirent longtemps durant la période <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anglo-Saxons?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anglo-Saxons">anglo-saxonne</a>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Liste_des_forts">Liste des forts</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Litus_Saxonicum&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Liste des forts" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="En_Bretagne_insulaire">En Bretagne insulaire</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Litus_Saxonicum&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : En Bretagne insulaire" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Fichier:Notitia_Dignitatum_-_Comes_litoris_Saxonici_per_Britanniam.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Notitia_Dignitatum_-_Comes_litoris_Saxonici_per_Britanniam.jpg/220px-Notitia_Dignitatum_-_Comes_litoris_Saxonici_per_Britanniam.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="318" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="678" data-file-height="980"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 318px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Notitia_Dignitatum_-_Comes_litoris_Saxonici_per_Britanniam.jpg/220px-Notitia_Dignitatum_-_Comes_litoris_Saxonici_per_Britanniam.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="318" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Notitia_Dignitatum_-_Comes_litoris_Saxonici_per_Britanniam.jpg/330px-Notitia_Dignitatum_-_Comes_litoris_Saxonici_per_Britanniam.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Notitia_Dignitatum_-_Comes_litoris_Saxonici_per_Britanniam.jpg/440px-Notitia_Dignitatum_-_Comes_litoris_Saxonici_per_Britanniam.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> Les neuf forts britons dans la <i>Notitia dignitatum</i> </figcaption> </figure> <p>Les neuf forts mentionnés dans la <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Notitia_dignitatum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Notitia dignitatum">Notitia dignitatum</a></i> en <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Grande-Bretagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Terminologie" title="Grande-Bretagne">Bretagne insulaire</a> sont les suivants (du nord au sud)<sup id="cite_ref-NotitiaBritain_1-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%B4te_saxonne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-NotitiaBritain-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> :</p> <ul> <li><i>Branodunum</i> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brancaster?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brancaster">Brancaster</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Norfolk_(comt%C3%A9)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Norfolk (comté)">Norfolk</a>) ;</li> <li><i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Garianonum?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Garianonum">Garianonum</a></i> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Burgh_Castle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Burgh Castle">Burgh Castle</a>, Norfolk) ;</li> <li><i>Othona</i> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bradwell-on-Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bradwell-on-Sea">Bradwell-on-Sea</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Essex?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Essex">Essex</a>) ;</li> <li><i>Regulbium</i> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Reculver?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Reculver">Reculver</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kent?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kent">Kent</a>) ;</li> <li><i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rutupi%C3%A6?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rutupiæ">Rutupiæ</a></i> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Richborough?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Richborough">Richborough</a>, Kent) ;</li> <li><i>Dubris</i> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Douvres?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Château de Douvres">Château de Douvres</a>, Kent) ;</li> <li><i>Portus Lemanis</i> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lympne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lympne">Lympne</a>, Kent) ;</li> <li><i>Anderitum</i> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Pevensey?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Château de Pevensey">château de Pevensey</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sussex_de_l%27Est?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sussex de l'Est">Sussex de l'Est</a>) ;</li> <li><i>Portus Adurni</i> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Portchester?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Château de Portchester">château de Portchester</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hampshire_(comt%C3%A9)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hampshire (comté)">Hampshire</a>).</li> </ul> <p>D'autres sites, non mentionnés dans la <i>Notitia</i>, appartenaient clairement au système de la Côte saxonne, parmi lesquels les forts de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Walton_(Suffolk)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Walton (Suffolk)">Walton</a>, dans le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Suffolk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Suffolk">Suffolk</a>, ou de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Caister-on-Sea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Caister-on-Sea">Caister-on-Sea</a>. Au sud, le <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Carisbrooke?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Château de Carisbrooke">château de Carisbrooke</a>, sur l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%8Ele_de_Wight?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Île de Wight">île de Wight</a>, et <i>Clausentum</i> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bitterne&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Bitterne (page inexistante)">Bitterne</a> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitterne" class="extiw" title="en:Bitterne"><span class="indicateur-langue" title="Article en anglais : « Bitterne »">(en)</span></a>, dans l'actuelle <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Southampton?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Southampton">Southampton</a>), sont également considérés comme des extensions occidentales de la chaîne. D'autres sites probablement liés sont le fort englouti de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Skegness?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Skegness">Skegness</a>, et les ruines de possibles relais à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Thornham_(Norfolk)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Thornham (Norfolk)">Thornham</a>, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Corton_(Suffolk)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Corton (Suffolk)">Corton</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hadleigh_(Suffolk)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hadleigh (Suffolk)">Hadleigh</a><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%B4te_saxonne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-11"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>11<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="En_Gaule">En Gaule</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Litus_Saxonicum&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : En Gaule" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>La <i>Notitia</i> mentionne deux commandements séparés pour la côte septentrionale de la Gaule : le premier, sous le <i>dux Belgicae Secundae</i> (basé à <i>Portus Aepatiaci</i>), s'occupait des rivages de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gaule_belgique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gaule belgique">Gaule belgique</a> (grossièrement, entre les estuaires de l'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Escaut?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Escaut">Escaut</a> et de la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Somme_(fleuve)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Somme (fleuve)">Somme</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-NotitiaBelgica_12-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%B4te_saxonne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-NotitiaBelgica-12"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>12<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> :</p> <ul> <li><i>Marcae</i> (endroit inconnu près de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Calais?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Calais">Calais</a>) ;</li> <li><i>Locus Quartensis sive Hornensis</i> (probablement à l'embouchure de la Somme) ;</li> <li><i>Portus Aepatiaci</i> (peut-être <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89taples?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Étaples">Étaples</a>).</li> </ul> <p>Le port de <i>Gesoriacum</i> ou <i>Bononia</i> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Boulogne-sur-Mer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Boulogne-sur-Mer">Boulogne-sur-Mer</a>) n'est pas mentionné dans la <i>Notitia</i>, mais dans la mesure où il fut jusqu'en 296 la base principale de la <i>Classis Britannica</i>, il relevait probablement aussi du <i>dux Belgicae Secundae</i>.</p> <p>Plus à l'ouest, le <i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tractus_Armoricanus_et_Nervicanus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tractus Armoricanus et Nervicanus">dux tractus Armoricani et Nervicani</a></i> (basé à <i>Grannona</i>) avait la charge des côtes armoricaines — aujourd'hui, normandes et bretonnes — jusqu'à l'embouchure de la Loire. La <i>Notitia</i> donne les sites suivants<sup id="cite_ref-NotitiaArmorica_13-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%B4te_saxonne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-NotitiaArmorica-13"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>13<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> :</p> <ul> <li><i>Grannona</i> (endroit incertain, soit à l'embouchure de la Seine, soit à <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Port-en-Bessin-Huppain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Port-en-Bessin-Huppain">Port-en-Bessin</a><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%B4te_saxonne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-14"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>14<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>) ;</li> <li><i>Rotomagus</i> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rouen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rouen">Rouen</a>) avec pour défenseurs des Ursariens d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Istrie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Istrie">Istrie</a><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%B4te_saxonne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-15"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>15<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> ;</li> <li><i>Coriallo</i> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cherbourg-en-Cotentin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cherbourg-en-Cotentin">Cherbourg</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-ArchéoCotentin_p17_16-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%B4te_saxonne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Arch%C3%A9oCotentin_p17-16"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>16<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> ;</li> <li>fort de Nunnery (île d'<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aurigny?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aurigny">Aurigny</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-ArchéoCotentin_p17_16-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%B4te_saxonne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Arch%C3%A9oCotentin_p17-16"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>16<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> ;</li> <li><i>Constantia</i> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Coutances?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Coutances">Coutances</a>) avec la <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/L%C3%A9gion_romaine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Légion romaine">légion</a> <i>Prima Flavia Gallinaca</i><sup id="cite_ref-Beck198611_17-0" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%B4te_saxonne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Beck198611-17"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>17<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> ;</li> <li><i>Abricantis</i> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Avranches?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Avranches">Avranches</a>) avec des cavaliers <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dalmates?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dalmates">dalmates</a><sup id="cite_ref-Beck198611_17-1" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%B4te_saxonne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Beck198611-17"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>17<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> ;</li> <li><i>Grannona</i> (peut-être <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Granville?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Granville">Granville</a> ou <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Port-en-Bessin-Huppain?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Port-en-Bessin-Huppain">Port-en-Bessin</a>, ou peut-être la même que la première <i>Grannona</i>), avec la première cohorte nouvelle armoricaine<sup id="cite_ref-Beck198611_17-2" class="reference"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%B4te_saxonne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Beck198611-17"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>17<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> ;</li> <li><i>Aleto</i> ou <i>Aletum</i> (Aleth, près de <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saint-Malo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Saint-Malo">Saint-Malo</a>) ;</li> <li><i><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_Brest?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Château de Brest">Osismis</a></i> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Brest?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Brest">Brest</a>) ;</li> <li><i>Blabia</i> (peut-être <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hennebont?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hennebont">Hennebont</a>) ;</li> <li><i>Benetis</i> (peut-être <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vannes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vannes">Vannes</a>) ;</li> <li><i>Manatias</i> (<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nantes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nantes">Nantes</a>).</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Références"><span id="R.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Litus_Saxonicum&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Références" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <ul> <li><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Cet article est partiellement ou en totalité issu de l’article de Wikipédia en anglais intitulé <span class="plainlinks">« <a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saxon_Shore?oldid%3D268937729">Saxon Shore</a> » <small>(<a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saxon_Shore?action%3Dhistory">voir la liste des auteurs</a>)</small></span>.</li> </ul> <div class="references-small decimal" style="column-width:23em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-NotitiaBritain-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%B4te_saxonne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-NotitiaBritain_1-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%B4te_saxonne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-NotitiaBritain_1-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text">Notitia Dignitatum, Pars Occ. XXVIII.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%B4te_saxonne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><i>CBA Report 18: The Saxon Shore</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">63-67</span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%B4te_saxonne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Eutrope, <i>Breviarium</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.forumromanum.org/literature/eutropius/trans9.html%2321">IX.21</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%B4te_saxonne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-4">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Notitia Dignitatum, Pars Occ. XLII.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%B4te_saxonne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-5">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aurelius_Victor?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aurelius Victor">Aurelius Victor</a>, <i>De Caesaribus</i> XXXIX.20-21.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%B4te_saxonne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-6">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Fields, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">39-42</span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%B4te_saxonne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-7">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Fields, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">43-45</span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%B4te_saxonne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-8">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ammien_Marcellin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ammien Marcellin">Ammien Marcellin</a>, <i>Historia Romana</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/ammianus_18_book18.htm%23C2">XVIII.2.3</a>; <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zosime_(historien)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zosime (historien)">Zosime</a>, <i>Historia Nova</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/zosimus03_book3.htm">III.5.2</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%B4te_saxonne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-9">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ammien_Marcellin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ammien Marcellin">Ammien Marcellin</a>, <i>Historia Romana</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.tertullian.org/fathers/ammianus_27_book27.htm%23C8">XXVII.8.6-7</a>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%B4te_saxonne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-10">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Fields, p. 42-43.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%B4te_saxonne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-11">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">D. White (1961).</span></li> <li id="cite_note-NotitiaBelgica-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%B4te_saxonne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-NotitiaBelgica_12-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Notitia Dignitatum, Pars Occ. XXXVIII.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-NotitiaArmorica-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%B4te_saxonne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-NotitiaArmorica_13-0">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text">Notitia Dignitatum, Pars Occ. XXXVII.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%B4te_saxonne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-14">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Johnston1977"><span class="ouvrage" id="D._E._Johnston1977"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> D. E. Johnston (<abbr class="abbr" title="directeur de publication">dir.</abbr>) <i><abbr class="abbr" title="et alii (et d’autres)">et al.</abbr></i>, « <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">The Saxon Shore</cite> », <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">CBA Report</span></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 18,‎ <time>1977</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 67 <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t%3Darch-281-1/dissemination/pdf/cba_rr_018.pdf">lire en ligne</a> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-format format-pdf" title="Document au format Portable Document Format (PDF) d'Adobe">[PDF]</abbr>, consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2022-07-27" data-sort-value="2022-07-27">27 juillet 2022</time>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Saxon+Shore&rft.jtitle=CBA+Report&rft.issue=18&rft.aulast=Johnston&rft.aufirst=D.+E.&rft.date=1977&rft.pages=67&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ALitus+Saxonicum"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%B4te_saxonne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-15">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Beck1986"><span class="ouvrage" id="Bernard_Beck1986">Bernard Beck, <cite class="italique">Châteaux forts de Normandie</cite>, Rennes, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ouest-France?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ouest-France">Ouest-France</a>, <time>1986</time>, 158 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/2-85882-479-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/2-85882-479-7"><span class="nowrap">2-85882-479-7</span></a>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 11<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ch%C3%A2teaux+forts+de+Normandie&rft.place=Rennes&rft.pub=Ouest-France&rft.aulast=Beck&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rft.date=1986&rft.pages=11&rft.tpages=158&rft.isbn=2-85882-479-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ALitus+Saxonicum"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-ArchéoCotentin_p17-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%B4te_saxonne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Arch%C3%A9oCotentin_p17_16-0">a</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%B4te_saxonne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Arch%C3%A9oCotentin_p17_16-1">b</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="Paez-Rezende2023"><span class="ouvrage" id="Laurent_Paez-Rezende2023">Laurent Paez-Rezende, <cite style="font-style:normal">« Le <i>castrum</i> de Cherbourg et le fort d'Aurigny : forteresses clés du <i>Litus Saxonicum</i> »</cite>, dans Laurence Jeanne, Laurent Paez-Rezende, Julien Deshayes, Bénédicte Guillot, et la collaboration de Gaël Léon, <cite class="italique">ArchéoCotentin</cite>, <abbr class="abbr" title="tome">t.</abbr> 2 : <span class="italique">Les origines antiques et médiévales du Cotentin <time class="nowrap" datetime="U-0029" data-sort-value="U-0029">30 <abbr class="abbr" title="avant Jésus-Christ">av. J.-C.</abbr></time> à 1500</span>, Bayeux, <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%89ditions_OREP?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Éditions OREP">Éditions OREP</a>, <time class="nowrap" datetime="2023-11" data-sort-value="2023-11">novembre 2023</time>, 127 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Ouvrages_de_r%C3%A9f%C3%A9rence/978-2-8151-0790-7?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Spécial:Ouvrages de référence/978-2-8151-0790-7"><span class="nowrap">978-2-8151-0790-7</span></a>)</small>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 17<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Arch%C3%A9oCotentin&rft.atitle=Le+%27%27castrum%27%27+de+Cherbourg+et+le+fort+d%27Aurigny+%3A+forteresses+cl%C3%A9s+du+%27%27Litus+Saxonicum%27%27&rft.place=Bayeux&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+OREP&rft.aulast=Paez-Rezende&rft.aufirst=Laurent&rft.date=2023-11&rft.pages=17&rft.spage=12&rft.tpages=127&rft.isbn=978-2-8151-0790-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ALitus+Saxonicum"></span></span></span>.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-Beck198611-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink noprint">↑ <sup><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%B4te_saxonne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Beck198611_17-0">a</a> <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%B4te_saxonne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Beck198611_17-1">b</a> et <a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%B4te_saxonne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Beck198611_17-2">c</a></sup> </span><span class="reference-text"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/C%C3%B4te_saxonne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Beck1986">Beck 1986</a>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page(s)">p.</abbr> 11. </span></li> </ol> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Voir_aussi">Voir aussi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Litus_Saxonicum&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Voir aussi" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r194021218">.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>.titre{text-align:center;margin:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li{list-style:none;margin:0.2em 0;text-indent:0;padding-left:24px;min-height:20px;text-align:left;display:block}.mw-parser-output .autres-projets>ul>li>a{font-style:italic}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .autres-projets{float:none}}</style> <div class="autres-projets boite-grise boite-a-droite noprint js-interprojets"> <p class="titre">Sur les autres projets Wikimedia :</p> <ul class="noarchive plainlinks"> <li class="commons"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Saxon_Shore?uselang%3Dfr">Litus Saxonicum</a>, sur <span class="project">Wikimedia Commons</span></li> </ul> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bretagne_(province_romaine)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bretagne (province romaine)">Bretagne (province romaine)</a> (43-410)</li> <li><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Classis_Britannica?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Classis Britannica">Classis Britannica</a></li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Bibliographie">Bibliographie</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Litus_Saxonicum&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Modifier la section : Bibliographie" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>modifier</span> </a> </span> </div> <ul> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="1961"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> <cite class="italique" lang="en">Litus Saxonicum : The British Saxon Shore in Scholarship and History</cite>, State Historical Society of Wisconsin for Department of History, University of Wisconsin, <time>1961</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://books.google.fr/books?hl%3Dfr%26id%3DT4EDAAAAMAAJ%26dq%3DLITUS%2BSAXONICUM%252C%2BTHE%2BBRITISH%2BSAXON%2BSHORE%2BIN%2BSCHOLARSHIP%2BAND%2BHISTORY.%25C2%25A0By%25C2%25A0D.%2BA.%2BWhite.%2BUniversity%2Bof%2BWisconsin%252C%2BMadison%252C%2BU.S.A.%26focus%3Dsearchwithinvolume%26q%3DPort-en-Bessin">lire en ligne</a>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Litus+Saxonicum&rft.pub=State+Historical+Society+of+Wisconsin+for+Department+of+History%2C+University+of+Wisconsin&rft.stitle=The+British+Saxon+Shore+in+Scholarship+and+History&rft.date=1961&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ALitus+Saxonicum"></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Johnston1977"><span class="ouvrage" id="D._E._Johnston1977"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> D. E. Johnston (<abbr class="abbr" title="directeur de publication">dir.</abbr>) <i><abbr class="abbr" title="et alii (et d’autres)">et al.</abbr></i>, « <cite style="font-style:normal" lang="en">The Saxon Shore</cite> », <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">CBA Report</span></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 18,‎ <time>1977</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="page">p.</abbr> 67 <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archaeologydataservice.ac.uk/archiveDS/archiveDownload?t%3Darch-281-1/dissemination/pdf/cba_rr_018.pdf">lire en ligne</a> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-format format-pdf" title="Document au format Portable Document Format (PDF) d'Adobe">[PDF]</abbr>, consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2022-07-27" data-sort-value="2022-07-27">27 juillet 2022</time>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Saxon+Shore&rft.jtitle=CBA+Report&rft.issue=18&rft.aulast=Johnston&rft.aufirst=D.+E.&rft.date=1977&rft.pages=67&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ALitus+Saxonicum"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="ChristianLucJacqueline1993"><span class="ouvrage" id="Pilet_ChristianBuchet_LucPilet-Lemière_Jacqueline1993">Pilet Christian, Buchet Luc, Pilet-Lemière Jacqueline <i><abbr class="abbr" title="et alii (et d’autres)">et al.</abbr></i>, « <cite style="font-style:normal">L’apport de l’archéologie funéraire à l’étude de la présence militaire sur le limes saxon, le long des côtes de l’actuelle Basse-Normandie</cite> », <i>Mémoires de l'Association française d'archéologie mérovingienne</i>, Chelles, Association française d'archéologie mérovingienne « L'armée romaine et les Barbares du <abbr class="abbr" title="3ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">III</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> au <abbr class="abbr" title="7ᵉ siècle"><span class="romain">VII</span><sup style="font-size:72%">e</sup></abbr> siècle. Actes du Colloque International organisé par le Musée des Antiquités Nationales et l'URA 880 du CNRS. Saint-Germain-en-Laye, 24-28 février 1990 »,‎ <time>1993</time>, <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr> <span class="nowrap">157-173</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.persee.fr/doc/mafam_1152-2518_1993_act_5_1_891">lire en ligne</a>, consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2022-07-29" data-sort-value="2022-07-29">29 juillet 2022</time>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=L%E2%80%99apport+de+l%E2%80%99arch%C3%A9ologie+fun%C3%A9raire+%C3%A0+l%E2%80%99%C3%A9tude+de+la+pr%C3%A9sence+militaire+sur+le+limes+saxon%2C+le+long+des+c%C3%B4tes+de+l%E2%80%99actuelle+Basse-Normandie&rft.jtitle=M%C3%A9moires+de+l%27Association+fran%C3%A7aise+d%27arch%C3%A9ologie+m%C3%A9rovingienne&rft.aulast=Christian&rft.aufirst=Pilet&rft.au=Buchet+Luc&rft.au=Pilet-Lemi%C3%A8re+Jacqueline&rft.date=1993&rft.pages=157-173&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ALitus+Saxonicum"></span></span></span>.</li> <li><span class="ouvrage" id="Will1966"><span class="ouvrage" id="Ernest_Will1966"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ernest_Will?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ernest Will">Ernest Will</a>, « <cite style="font-style:normal">Remarques sur la fin de la domination romaine dans le Nord de la Gaule</cite> », <i>Revue du Nord</i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="tome">t.</abbr> 48, <abbr class="abbr" title="numéro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 191,‎ <time>1966</time> <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.persee.fr/doc/rnord_0035-2624_1966_num_48_191_2583">lire en ligne</a>, consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2022-07-27" data-sort-value="2022-07-27">27 juillet 2022</time>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Remarques+sur+la+fin+de+la+domination+romaine+dans+le+Nord+de+la+Gaule&rft.jtitle=Revue+du+Nord&rft.issue=191&rft.aulast=Will&rft.aufirst=Ernest&rft.date=1966&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%3ALitus+Saxonicum"></span></span></span>.</li> </ul> <div class="navbox-container" style="clear:both;"> </div> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Rome_antique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail de la Rome antique"> <noscript> <img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Romulus_et_Remus_%28transparent%29.png/29px-Romulus_et_Remus_%28transparent%29.png" decoding="async" width="29" height="24" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="378" data-file-height="316"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 29px;height: 24px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Romulus_et_Remus_%28transparent%29.png/29px-Romulus_et_Remus_%28transparent%29.png" data-alt="icône décorative" data-width="29" data-height="24" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Romulus_et_Remus_%28transparent%29.png/43px-Romulus_et_Remus_%28transparent%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Romulus_et_Remus_%28transparent%29.png/58px-Romulus_et_Remus_%28transparent%29.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Rome_antique?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail:Rome antique">Portail de la Rome antique</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Bretagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail de la Bretagne"> <noscript> <img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Brittany_%28Gwenn_ha_du%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brittany_%28Gwenn_ha_du%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="33" height="22" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="900"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 33px;height: 22px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Brittany_%28Gwenn_ha_du%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_Brittany_%28Gwenn_ha_du%29.svg.png" data-alt="icône décorative" data-width="33" data-height="22" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Brittany_%28Gwenn_ha_du%29.svg/50px-Flag_of_Brittany_%28Gwenn_ha_du%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Flag_of_Brittany_%28Gwenn_ha_du%29.svg/66px-Flag_of_Brittany_%28Gwenn_ha_du%29.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Bretagne?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail:Bretagne">Portail de la Bretagne</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Normandie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail de la Normandie"> <noscript> <img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Normandie.svg/36px-Flag_of_Normandie.svg.png" decoding="async" width="36" height="24" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 36px;height: 24px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Normandie.svg/36px-Flag_of_Normandie.svg.png" data-alt="icône décorative" data-width="36" data-height="24" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Normandie.svg/54px-Flag_of_Normandie.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/Flag_of_Normandie.svg/72px-Flag_of_Normandie.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Normandie?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail:Normandie">Portail de la Normandie</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Angleterre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail de l’Angleterre"> <noscript> <img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/37px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="37" height="22" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 37px;height: 22px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/37px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" data-alt="icône décorative" data-width="37" data-height="22" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/55px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/74px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Angleterre?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail:Angleterre">Portail de l’Angleterre</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Histoire_militaire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail de l’histoire militaire"> <noscript> <img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Military_symbol.svg/43px-Military_symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="43" height="24" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="202" data-file-height="113"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 43px;height: 24px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Military_symbol.svg/43px-Military_symbol.svg.png" data-alt="icône décorative" data-width="43" data-height="24" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Military_symbol.svg/65px-Military_symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Military_symbol.svg/86px-Military_symbol.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portail:Histoire_militaire?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portail:Histoire militaire">Portail de l’histoire militaire</a></span> </span></li> </ul>   </section> </div> <noscript> <img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> Ce document provient de « <a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DLitus_Saxonicum%26oldid%3D220227339">https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Litus_Saxonicum&oldid=220227339</a> ». </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Litus_Saxonicum&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-medium minerva-icon--modified-history"></span> <span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="Noel.guillet" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1731403962"> <span>Dernière modification le 12 novembre 2024, à 10:32</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Langues</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BA%25D1%2581%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8_%25D0%25B1%25D1%2580%25D1%258F%25D0%25B3" title="Саксонски бряг – bulgare" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Саксонски бряг" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgare" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%25B8%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25AF%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%2595%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25B8%25E0%25A6%25A8_%25E0%25A6%25B6%25E0%25A7%258B%25E0%25A6%25B0" title="স্যাক্সন শোর – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="স্যাক্সন শোর" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litus_Saxonicum" title="Litus Saxonicum – breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Litus Saxonicum" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sachsenk%25C3%25BCste" title="Sachsenküste – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sachsenküste" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saxon_Shore" title="Saxon Shore – anglais" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Saxon Shore" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costa_sajona" title="Costa sajona – espagnol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Costa sajona" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espagnol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saska_obala" title="Saska obala – croate" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Saska obala" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costa_sassone" title="Costa sassone – italien" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Costa sassone" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litus_Saxonicum" title="Litus Saxonicum – néerlandais" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Litus Saxonicum" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="néerlandais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den_saksiske_kysten" title="Den saksiske kysten – norvégien bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Den saksiske kysten" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvégien bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Costa_sax%25C3%25B4nica" title="Costa saxônica – portugais" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Costa saxônica" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A1%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BA%25D1%2581%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD%25D1%2581%25D0%25BA%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B9_%25D0%25B1%25D0%25B5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B5%25D0%25B3" title="Саксонский берег – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Саксонский берег" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saksonska_obala" title="Saksonska obala – serbo-croate" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Saksonska obala" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croate" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E6%2592%2592%25E5%2585%258B%25E9%2580%258A%25E6%25B5%25B7%25E5%25B2%25B8" title="撒克逊海岸 – chinois" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="撒克逊海岸" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-fr.svg" alt="Wikipédia" width="119" height="18" style="width: 7.4375em; height: 1.125em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod">La dernière modification de cette page a été faite le 12 novembre 2024 à 10:32.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Le contenu est disponible sous licence <a class="external" rel="nofollow" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.fr">CC BY-SA 4.0</a> sauf mention contraire.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places" class="footer-places hlist hlist-separated"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy/fr">Politique de confidentialité</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:%C3%80_propos_de_Wikip%C3%A9dia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">À propos de Wikipédia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="https://fr-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Avertissements_g%C3%A9n%C3%A9raux?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB">Avertissements</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikip%C3%A9dia:Contact">Contact</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code de conduite</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://developer.wikimedia.org">Développeurs</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://stats.wikimedia.org/%23/fr.wikipedia.org">Statistiques</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Déclaration sur les témoins (cookies)</a></li> <li id="footer-places-terms-use"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://foundation.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use/fr">Conditions d’utilisation</a></li> <li id="footer-places-desktop-toggle"><a id="mw-mf-display-toggle" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DLitus_Saxonicum%26mobileaction%3Dtoggle_view_desktop" data-event-name="switch_to_desktop">Version de bureau</a></li> </ul> </div> </footer> </div> </div> <div class="mw-notification-area" data-mw="interface"></div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-9msw5","wgBackendResponseTime":479,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.233","walltime":"0.320","ppvisitednodes":{"value":3793,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":91634,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":16916,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":2,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":13461,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 249.763 1 -total"," 24.98% 62.402 1 Modèle:Références"," 16.19% 40.442 1 Modèle:Portail"," 15.12% 37.753 4 Modèle:Article"," 10.92% 27.282 1 Modèle:Palette"," 10.32% 25.773 1 Modèle:Autres_projets"," 9.16% 22.885 1 Modèle:Palette_Architecture_militaire_romaine"," 8.57% 21.396 1 Modèle:Latin"," 8.09% 20.198 1 Modèle:Méta_palette_de_navigation"," 8.00% 19.981 1 Modèle:Langue"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.060","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":4652809,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-9msw5","timestamp":"20241124153846","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Litus Saxonicum","url":"https:\/\/fr.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Litus_Saxonicum","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1773614","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q1773614","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributeurs aux projets Wikimedia"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Fondation Wikimedia, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2009-02-22T23:34:10Z","dateModified":"2024-11-12T09:32:42Z","headline":"limes"}</script> <script>(window.NORLQ=window.NORLQ||[]).push(function(){var ns,i,p,img;ns=document.getElementsByTagName('noscript');for(i=0;i<ns.length;i++){p=ns[i].nextSibling;if(p&&p.className&&p.className.indexOf('lazy-image-placeholder')>-1){img=document.createElement('img');img.setAttribute('src',p.getAttribute('data-src'));img.setAttribute('width',p.getAttribute('data-width'));img.setAttribute('height',p.getAttribute('data-height'));img.setAttribute('alt',p.getAttribute('data-alt'));p.parentNode.replaceChild(img,p);}}});</script> <script>function gtElInit() {var lib = new google.translate.TranslateService();lib.translatePage('fr', 'en', function () {});}</script> <script src="https://translate.google.com/translate_a/element.js?cb=gtElInit&hl=en-GB&client=wt" type="text/javascript"></script> </body> </html>