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Like the rest, we were by nature children of wrath.</title><link rel="canonical" href="https://biblehub.com/ephesians/2-3.htm" /><link rel="stylesheet" href="/new9.css" type="text/css" media="Screen" /><meta property="og:image" content="https://biblehub.com/visuals/1/49_Eph_02_03.jpg" /><meta property="og:title" content="Ephesians 2:3 - Alive with Christ" /><meta property="og:site_name" content="Bible Hub" /><meta property="og:description" content="All of us also lived among them at one time, fulfilling the cravings of our flesh and indulging its desires and thoughts. Like the rest, we were by nature children of wrath." /><script type="application/javascript" src="https://scripts.webcontentassessor.com/scripts/8a2459b64f9cac8122fc7f2eac4409c8555fac9383016db59c4c26e3d5b8b157"></script><script src='https://qd.admetricspro.com/js/biblehub/biblehub-layout-loader-revcatch.js'></script><script id='HyDgbd_1s' src='https://prebidads.revcatch.com/ads.js' type='text/javascript' async></script><script>(function(w,d,b,s,i){var cts=d.createElement(s);cts.async=true;cts.id='catchscript'; cts.dataset.appid=i;cts.src='https://app.protectsubrev.com/catch_rp.js?cb='+Math.random(); document.head.appendChild(cts); }) (window,document,'head','script','rc-anksrH');</script></head> <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-LR4HSKRP2H"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('config', 'G-LR4HSKRP2H'); </script><body><div id="fx"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" id="fx2"><tr><td><iframe width="100%" height="30" scrolling="no" src="/vmenus/ephesians/2-3.htm" align="left" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div><div id="blnk"></div><div align="center"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="maintable"><tr><td><div id="fx5"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" id="fx6"><tr><td><iframe width="100%" height="245" scrolling="no" src="/bmc/ephesians/2-3.htm" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div></td></tr></table></div><div align="center"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="maintable3"><tr><td><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center" id="announce"><tr><td><div id="l1"><div id="breadcrumbs"><a href="/">Bible</a> > <a href="/ephesians/">Ephesians</a> > <a href="/ephesians/2.htm">Chapter 2</a> > Verse 3</div><div id="anc"><iframe src="/anc.htm" width="100%" height="27" scrolling="no" frameborder="0"></iframe></div><div id="anc2"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tr><td><iframe src="/anc2.htm" width="100%" height="27" scrolling="no" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div></div><div id="ad1"><table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tr><td><iframe src="/ad3.htm" width="100%" height="48" scrolling="no" frameborder="0"></iframe></td></tr></table></div></td></tr></table><div id="movebox2"><table border="0" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td><div id="topheading"><a href="/ephesians/2-2.htm" title="Ephesians 2:2">◄</a> Ephesians 2:3 <a href="/ephesians/2-4.htm" title="Ephesians 2:4">►</a></div></tr></table></div><div align="center" class="maintable2"><table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"><tr><td><div id="topverse"> <a href="#audio" class="clickchap2" title="Context and Audio Bible"> Audio </a> <a href="#crossref" class="clickchap2" title="Cross References"> Cross </a> <a href="#study" class="clickchap2" title="Study Bible"> Study </a> <a href="#commentary" class="clickchap2" title="Commentary"> Comm </a> <a href="#lexicon" class="clickchap2" title="Lexicon"> Greek </a> </div><div id="leftbox"><div class="padleft"><div class="vheadingv">Verse<a href="/bsb/ephesians/2.htm" class="clickchap" style="color:#001320" title="Click any translation name for full chapter">  (Click for Chapter)</a></div><div id="par"><a href="/niv/ephesians/2.htm">New International Version</a> All of us also lived among them at one time, gratifying the cravings of our flesh and following its desires and thoughts. Like the rest, we were by nature deserving of wrath. <a href="/nlt/ephesians/2.htm">New Living Translation</a> All of us used to live that way, following the passionate desires and inclinations of our sinful nature. By our very nature we were subject to God’s anger, just like everyone else. <a href="/esv/ephesians/2.htm">English Standard Version</a> among whom we all once lived in the passions of our flesh, carrying out the desires of the body and the mind, and were by nature children of wrath, like the rest of mankind. <a href="/bsb/ephesians/2.htm">Berean Standard Bible</a> All of us also lived among them at one time, fulfilling the cravings of our flesh and indulging its desires and thoughts. Like the rest, we were by nature children of wrath. <a href="/blb/ephesians/2.htm">Berean Literal Bible</a> among whom we all also once lived in the desires of our flesh, doing the things willed of the flesh and of its thoughts; and we were by nature children of wrath even as the rest. <a href="/kjv/ephesians/2.htm">King James Bible</a> Among whom also we all had our conversation in times past in the lusts of our flesh, fulfilling the desires of the flesh and of the mind; and were by nature the children of wrath, even as others. <a href="/nkjv/ephesians/2.htm">New King James Version</a> among whom also we all once conducted ourselves in the lusts of our flesh, fulfilling the desires of the flesh and of the mind, and were by nature children of wrath, just as the others. <a href="/nasb_/ephesians/2.htm">New American Standard Bible</a> Among them we too all previously lived in the lusts of our flesh, indulging the desires of the flesh and of the mind, and were by nature children of wrath, just as the rest. <a href="/nasb/ephesians/2.htm">NASB 1995</a> Among them we too all formerly lived in the lusts of our flesh, indulging the desires of the flesh and of the mind, and were by nature children of wrath, even as the rest. <a href="/nasb77/ephesians/2.htm">NASB 1977 </a> Among them we too all formerly lived in the lusts of our flesh, indulging the desires of the flesh and of the mind, and were by nature children of wrath, even as the rest. <a href="/lsb/ephesians/2.htm">Legacy Standard Bible </a> among whom we all also formerly conducted ourselves in the lusts of our flesh, doing the desires of the flesh and of the mind, and were by nature children of wrath, even as the rest. <a href="/amp/ephesians/2.htm">Amplified Bible</a> Among these [unbelievers] we all once lived in the passions of our flesh [our behavior governed by the sinful self], indulging the desires of human nature [without the Holy Spirit] and [the impulses] of the [sinful] mind. We were, by nature, children [under the sentence] of [God’s] wrath, just like the rest [of mankind]. <a href="/csb/ephesians/2.htm">Christian Standard Bible</a> We too all previously lived among them in our fleshly desires, carrying out the inclinations of our flesh and thoughts, and we were by nature children under wrath as the others were also. <a href="/hcsb/ephesians/2.htm">Holman Christian Standard Bible</a> We too all previously lived among them in our fleshly desires, carrying out the inclinations of our flesh and thoughts, and we were by nature children under wrath as the others were also. <a href="/asv/ephesians/2.htm">American Standard Version</a> among whom we also all once lived in the lusts of our flesh, doing the desires of the flesh and of the mind, and were by nature children of wrath, even as the rest:? <a href="/cev/ephesians/2.htm">Contemporary English Version</a> Once we were also ruled by the selfish desires of our bodies and minds. We had made God angry, and we were going to be punished like everyone else. <a href="/erv/ephesians/2.htm">English Revised Version</a> among whom we also all once lived in the lusts of our flesh, doing the desires of the flesh and of the mind, and were by nature children of wrath, even as the rest:-- <a href="/gwt/ephesians/2.htm">GOD'S WORD® Translation</a> All of us once lived among these people, and followed the desires of our corrupt nature. We did what our corrupt desires and thoughts wanted us to do. So, because of our nature, we deserved God's anger just like everyone else. <a href="/gnt/ephesians/2.htm">Good News Translation</a> Actually all of us were like them and lived according to our natural desires, doing whatever suited the wishes of our own bodies and minds. In our natural condition we, like everyone else, were destined to suffer God's anger. <a href="/isv/ephesians/2.htm">International Standard Version</a> Indeed, all of us once behaved like them in the lusts of our flesh, fulfilling the desires of our flesh and senses. By nature we were destined for wrath, just like everyone else. <a href="/net/ephesians/2.htm">NET Bible</a> among whom all of us also formerly lived out our lives in the cravings of our flesh, indulging the desires of the flesh and the mind, and were by nature children of wrath even as the rest <a href="/nheb/ephesians/2.htm">New Heart English Bible</a> among whom we also all once lived in the lust of our flesh, doing the desires of the flesh and of the mind, and were by nature children of wrath, even as the rest. <a href="/wbt/ephesians/2.htm">Webster's Bible Translation</a> Among whom also we all had our manner of life in times past in the lusts of our flesh, fulfilling the desires of the flesh and of the mind; and were by nature the children of wrath, even as others. <a href="/wey/ephesians/2.htm">Weymouth New Testament</a> Among them all of us also formerly passed our lives, governed by the inclinations of our lower natures, indulging the cravings of those natures and of our own thoughts, and were in our original state deserving of anger like all others.<div class="vheading2">Majority Text Translations</div><a href="/msb/ephesians/2.htm">Majority Standard Bible</a> All of us also lived among them at one time, fulfilling the cravings of our flesh and indulging its desires and thoughts. Like the rest, we were by nature children of wrath. <a href="/web/ephesians/2.htm">World English Bible</a> We also all once lived among them in the lusts of our flesh, doing the desires of the flesh and of the mind, and were by nature children of wrath, even as the rest. <div class="vheading2">Literal Translations</div><a href="/lsv/ephesians/2.htm">Literal Standard Version</a> among whom we also all walked once in the desires of our flesh, doing the wishes of the flesh and of the thoughts, and were by nature children of wrath—as also the others, <a href="/blb/ephesians/2.htm">Berean Literal Bible</a> among whom we all also once lived in the desires of our flesh, doing the things willed of the flesh and of its thoughts; and we were by nature children of wrath even as the rest. <a href="/ylt/ephesians/2.htm">Young's Literal Translation</a> among whom also we all did walk once in the desires of our flesh, doing the wishes of the flesh and of the thoughts, and were by nature children of wrath -- as also the others, <a href="/slt/ephesians/2.htm">Smith's Literal Translation</a> Among whom also we then all occupied ourselves in the eager desire? of our flesh, doing the wills of the flesh and the thoughts; and were by nature children of wrath, as also the rest.<div class="vheading2">Catholic Translations</div><a href="/drb/ephesians/2.htm">Douay-Rheims Bible</a> In which also we all conversed in time past, in the desires of our flesh, fulfilling the will of the flesh and of our thoughts, and were by nature children of wrath, even as the rest: <a href="/cpdv/ephesians/2.htm">Catholic Public Domain Version</a> And we too were all conversant in these things, in times past, by the desires of our flesh, acting according to the will of the flesh and according to our own thoughts. And so we were, by nature, sons of wrath, even like the others. <a href="/nabre/ephesians/2.htm">New American Bible</a> All of us once lived among them in the desires of our flesh, following the wishes of the flesh and the impulses, and we were by nature children of wrath, like the rest. <a href="/nrsvce/ephesians/2.htm">New Revised Standard Version</a> All of us once lived among them in the passions of our flesh, following the desires of flesh and senses, and we were by nature children of wrath, like everyone else.<div class="vheading2">Translations from Aramaic</div><a href="/lamsa/ephesians/2.htm">Lamsa Bible</a> In those very deeds in which we were also corrupted from the very beginning through the lusts of the flesh, fulfilling the wills of the flesh and of the mind: thereby we became completely the children of wrath, even as others. <a href="/aramaic-plain-english/ephesians/2.htm">Aramaic Bible in Plain English</a> We also were employed in those works from the first in the desires of our flesh, and we were doing the will of our flesh and of our minds, and we were entirely children of rage, as the rest.<div class="vheading2">NT Translations</div><a href="/anderson/ephesians/2.htm">Anderson New Testament</a> among whom also we all formerly lived in the desires of our flesh, doing the will of the flesh and of the feelings, and were by nature children of wrath, even as others: <a href="/godbey/ephesians/2.htm">Godbey New Testament</a> among whom we all indeed at one time lived in the lusts of our flesh, doing the will of the flesh and of the thoughts, and we were by nature the children of wrath, like the rest also: <a href="/haweis/ephesians/2.htm">Haweis New Testament</a> among whom also we all have had our conversation in time past, in the lusts of the flesh, fulfilling the desires of the flesh and of the mind, and were by nature children of wrath, as well as the rest. <a href="/mace/ephesians/2.htm">Mace New Testament</a> of which number we all have formerly been, leading our dissolute lives in gratifying the desires of our sensual imaginations: and were indeed obnoxious to the divine displeasure, as other. Gentiles were: <a href="/wey/ephesians/2.htm">Weymouth New Testament</a> Among them all of us also formerly passed our lives, governed by the inclinations of our lower natures, indulging the cravings of those natures and of our own thoughts, and were in our original state deserving of anger like all others. <a href="/worrell/ephesians/2.htm">Worrell New Testament</a> among whom we also all once lived in the desires of our flesh, doing the will of the flesh and of the mind, and were by nature children of wrath, even as the rest; <a href="/worsley/ephesians/2.htm">Worsley New Testament</a> among whom also we were all conversant heretofore in our carnal desires, indulging the appetites of the flesh and of our imaginations; and were by nature children of wrath, even as others. <a href="/parallel/ephesians/2-3.htm">Additional Translations ...</a></div></div></div><div id="centbox"><div class="padcent"><a name="audio" id="audio"></a><div class="vheadingv">Audio Bible</div><iframe width="100%" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/AfeSHen3sAQ?start=217" title="YouTube video player" frameborder="0" allow="accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share" allowfullscreen></iframe> <div class="vheadingv">Context</div><a href="/bsb/ephesians/2.htm">Alive with Christ</a> …2in which you used to walk when you conformed to the ways of this world and of the ruler of the power of the air, the spirit who is now at work in the sons of disobedience. 3<a href="/greek/3956.htm" title="3956: pantes (Adj-NMP) -- All, the whole, every kind of. Including all the forms of declension; apparently a primary word; all, any, every, the whole.">All</a> <a href="/greek/1473.htm" title="1473: hēmeis (PPro-N1P) -- I, the first-person pronoun. A primary pronoun of the first person I.">of us</a> <a href="/greek/2532.htm" title="2532: kai (Conj) -- And, even, also, namely. ">also</a> <a href="/greek/390.htm" title="390: anestraphēmen (V-AIP-1P) -- From ana and strepho; to overturn; also to return; by implication, to busy oneself, i.e. Remain, live.">lived</a> <a href="/greek/1722.htm" title="1722: en (Prep) -- In, on, among. A primary preposition denoting position, and instrumentality, i.e. A relation of rest; in, at, on, by, etc.">among</a> <a href="/greek/3739.htm" title="3739: hois (RelPro-DMP) -- Who, which, what, that. ">them</a> <a href="/greek/4218.htm" title="4218: pote (Prtcl) -- At one time or other, at some time, formerly. From the base of pou and te; indefinite adverb, at some time, ever.">at one time,</a> <a href="/greek/1722.htm" title="1722: en (Prep) -- In, on, among. A primary preposition denoting position, and instrumentality, i.e. A relation of rest; in, at, on, by, etc.">fulfilling</a> <a href="/greek/3588.htm" title="3588: tais (Art-DFP) -- The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the.">the</a> <a href="/greek/1939.htm" title="1939: epithymiais (N-DFP) -- Desire, eagerness for, inordinate desire, lust. From epithumeo; a longing.">cravings</a> <a href="/greek/1473.htm" title="1473: hēmōn (PPro-G1P) -- I, the first-person pronoun. A primary pronoun of the first person I.">of our</a> <a href="/greek/3588.htm" title="3588: tēs (Art-GFS) -- The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the."></a> <a href="/greek/4561.htm" title="4561: sarkos (N-GFS) -- Flesh, body, human nature, materiality; kindred. ">flesh</a> <a href="/greek/4160.htm" title="4160: poiountes (V-PPA-NMP) -- (a) I make, manufacture, construct, (b) I do, act, cause. Apparently a prolonged form of an obsolete primary; to make or do.">and indulging</a> <a href="/greek/3588.htm" title="3588: ta (Art-ANP) -- The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the.">its</a> <a href="/greek/2307.htm" title="2307: thelēmata (N-ANP) -- An act of will, will; plur: wishes, desires. From the prolonged form of ethelo; a determination, i.e. choice or inclination.">desires</a> <a href="/greek/2532.htm" title="2532: kai (Conj) -- And, even, also, namely. ">and</a> <a href="/greek/3588.htm" title="3588: tōn (Art-GFP) -- The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the."></a> <a href="/greek/1271.htm" title="1271: dianoiōn (N-GFP) -- From dia and nous; deep thought, properly, the faculty, by implication, its exercise.">thoughts.</a> <a href="/greek/3588.htm" title="3588: tēs (Art-GFS) -- The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the."></a> <a href="/greek/4561.htm" title="4561: sarkos (N-GFS) -- Flesh, body, human nature, materiality; kindred. "></a> <a href="/greek/2532.htm" title="2532: kai (Conj) -- And, even, also, namely. "></a> <a href="/greek/2532.htm" title="2532: kai (Conj) -- And, even, also, namely. "></a> <a href="/greek/5613.htm" title="5613: hōs (Adv) -- Probably adverb of comparative from hos; which how, i.e. In that manner.">Like</a> <a href="/greek/3588.htm" title="3588: hoi (Art-NMP) -- The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the.">the</a> <a href="/greek/3062.htm" title="3062: loipoi (Adj-NMP) -- Left, left behind, the remainder, the rest, the others. Masculine plural of a derivative of leipo; remaining ones.">rest,</a> <a href="/greek/1510.htm" title="1510: ēmetha (V-IIM-1P) -- I am, exist. The first person singular present indicative; a prolonged form of a primary and defective verb; I exist.">we were</a> <a href="/greek/5449.htm" title="5449: physei (N-DFS) -- From phuo; growth, i.e. natural production; by extension, a genus or sort; figuratively, native disposition, constitution or usage.">by nature</a> <a href="/greek/5043.htm" title="5043: tekna (N-NNP) -- A child, descendent, inhabitant. From the base of timoria; a child.">children</a> <a href="/greek/3709.htm" title="3709: orgēs (N-GFS) -- From oregomai; properly, desire, i.e., violent passion (justifiable) abhorrence); by implication punishment.">of wrath.</a> 4But because of His great love for us, God, who is rich in mercy,…<div class="cred"><a href="//berean.bible">Berean Standard Bible</a> · <a href="//berean.bible/downloads.htm">Download</a></div> <a name="crossref" id="crossref"></a><div class="vheading">Cross References</div><div id="crf"><a href="/romans/3-23.htm">Romans 3:23</a> for all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God, <a href="/romans/5-12.htm">Romans 5:12</a> Therefore, just as sin entered the world through one man, and death through sin, so also death was passed on to all men, because all sinned. <a href="/romans/8-7.htm">Romans 8:7</a> because the mind of the flesh is hostile to God: It does not submit to God’s law, nor can it do so. <a href="/galatians/5-16.htm">Galatians 5:16-17</a> So I say, walk by the Spirit, and you will not gratify the desires of the flesh. / For the flesh craves what is contrary to the Spirit, and the Spirit what is contrary to the flesh. They are opposed to each other, so that you do not do what you want. <a href="/colossians/3-5.htm">Colossians 3:5-7</a> Put to death, therefore, the components of your earthly nature: sexual immorality, impurity, lust, evil desires, and greed, which is idolatry. / Because of these, the wrath of God is coming on the sons of disobedience. / When you lived among them, you also used to walk in these ways. <a href="/1_peter/4-3.htm">1 Peter 4:3</a> For you have spent enough time in the past carrying out the same desires as the Gentiles: living in debauchery, lust, drunkenness, orgies, carousing, and detestable idolatry. <a href="/titus/3-3.htm">Titus 3:3</a> For at one time we too were foolish, disobedient, misled, and enslaved to all sorts of desires and pleasures—living in malice and envy, being hated and hating one another. <a href="/james/1-14.htm">James 1:14-15</a> But each one is tempted when by his own evil desires he is lured away and enticed. / Then after desire has conceived, it gives birth to sin; and sin, when it is full-grown, gives birth to death. <a href="/1_john/2-16.htm">1 John 2:16</a> For all that is in the world—the desires of the flesh, the desires of the eyes, and the pride of life—is not from the Father but from the world. <a href="/1_corinthians/2-14.htm">1 Corinthians 2:14</a> The natural man does not accept the things that come from the Spirit of God. For they are foolishness to him, and he cannot understand them, because they are spiritually discerned. <a href="/jeremiah/17-9.htm">Jeremiah 17:9</a> The heart is deceitful above all things and beyond cure. Who can understand it? <a href="/genesis/6-5.htm">Genesis 6:5</a> Then the LORD saw that the wickedness of man was great upon the earth, and that every inclination of the thoughts of his heart was altogether evil all the time. <a href="/psalms/51-5.htm">Psalm 51:5</a> Surely I was brought forth in iniquity; I was sinful when my mother conceived me. <a href="/isaiah/53-6.htm">Isaiah 53:6</a> We all like sheep have gone astray, each one has turned to his own way; and the LORD has laid upon Him the iniquity of us all. <a href="/isaiah/64-6.htm">Isaiah 64:6</a> Each of us has become like something unclean, and all our righteous acts are like filthy rags; we all wither like a leaf, and our iniquities carry us away like the wind.</div> <a name="tsk" id="tsk"><div class="vheading">Treasury of Scripture</div>Among whom also we all had our conversation in times past in the lusts of our flesh, fulfilling the desires of the flesh and of the mind; and were by nature the children of wrath, even as others.we.<a href="/isaiah/53-6.htm">Isaiah 53:6</a> All we like sheep have gone astray; we have turned every one to his own way; and the LORD hath laid on him the iniquity of us all.<a href="/isaiah/64-6.htm">Isaiah 64:6,7</a> But we are all as an unclean thing, and all our righteousnesses are as filthy rags; and we all do fade as a leaf; and our iniquities, like the wind, have taken us away… <a href="/daniel/9-5.htm">Daniel 9:5-9</a> We have sinned, and have committed iniquity, and have done wickedly, and have rebelled, even by departing from thy precepts and from thy judgments: … in times.<a href="/ephesians/4-17.htm">Ephesians 4:17-19</a> This I say therefore, and testify in the Lord, that ye henceforth walk not as other Gentiles walk, in the vanity of their mind, … <a href="/acts/14-16.htm">Acts 14:16</a> Who in times past suffered all nations to walk in their own ways.<a href="/acts/17-30.htm">Acts 17:30,31</a> And the times of this ignorance God winked at; but now commandeth all men every where to repent: … in the.<a href="/ephesians/4-22.htm">Ephesians 4:22</a> That ye put off concerning the former conversation the old man, which is corrupt according to the deceitful lusts;<a href="/mark/4-19.htm">Mark 4:19</a> And the cares of this world, and the deceitfulness of riches, and the lusts of other things entering in, choke the word, and it becometh unfruitful.<a href="/john/8-44.htm">John 8:44</a> Ye are of your father the devil, and the lusts of your father ye will do. He was a murderer from the beginning, and abode not in the truth, because there is no truth in him. When he speaketh a lie, he speaketh of his own: for he is a liar, and the father of it.fulfilling.<a href="/romans/8-7.htm">Romans 8:7,8</a> Because the carnal mind is enmity against God: for it is not subject to the law of God, neither indeed can be… <a href="/2_corinthians/7-1.htm">2 Corinthians 7:1</a> Having therefore these promises, dearly beloved, let us cleanse ourselves from all filthiness of the flesh and spirit, perfecting holiness in the fear of God.<a href="/galatians/5-19.htm">Galatians 5:19-21</a> Now the works of the flesh are manifest, which are these; Adultery, fornication, uncleanness, lasciviousness, … desires.<a href="/john/1-13.htm">John 1:13</a> Which were born, not of blood, nor of the will of the flesh, nor of the will of man, but of God.by.<a href="/genesis/5-3.htm">Genesis 5:3</a> And Adam lived an hundred and thirty years, and begat a son in his own likeness, after his image; and called his name Seth:<div class="vheading">Jump to Previous</div><a href="/galatians/5-20.htm">Anger</a> <a href="/ephesians/1-23.htm">Body</a> <a href="/ephesians/2-2.htm">Children</a> <a href="/galatians/1-13.htm">Conversation</a> <a href="/galatians/5-17.htm">Cravings</a> <a href="/1_corinthians/7-25.htm">Deserving</a> <a href="/galatians/5-24.htm">Desires</a> <a href="/galatians/6-13.htm">Flesh</a> <a href="/ephesians/2-2.htm">Following</a> <a href="/galatians/4-8.htm">Formerly</a> <a href="/romans/13-10.htm">Fulfilling</a> <a href="/galatians/5-25.htm">Governed</a> <a href="/jeremiah/7-24.htm">Inclinations</a> <a href="/romans/13-13.htm">Indulging</a> <a href="/2_corinthians/11-7.htm">Lower</a> <a href="/galatians/5-16.htm">Lust</a> <a href="/galatians/4-18.htm">Manner</a> <a href="/ephesians/1-16.htm">Mind</a> <a href="/galatians/6-15.htm">Nature</a> <a href="/galatians/5-19.htm">Natures</a> <a href="/ephesians/2-2.htm">Once</a> <a href="/2_chronicles/24-13.htm">Original</a> <a href="/2_corinthians/5-17.htm">Passed</a> <a href="/galatians/5-24.htm">Passions</a> <a href="/ephesians/2-2.htm">Past</a> <a href="/galatians/3-12.htm">Rest</a> <a href="/2_corinthians/5-17.htm">State</a> <a href="/2_corinthians/12-20.htm">Thoughts</a> <a href="/ephesians/1-10.htm">Times</a> <a href="/galatians/5-20.htm">Wrath</a><div class="vheading2">Jump to Next</div><a href="/ephesians/4-26.htm">Anger</a> <a href="/ephesians/2-11.htm">Body</a> <a href="/ephesians/3-5.htm">Children</a> <a href="/ephesians/4-22.htm">Conversation</a> <a href="/1_thessalonians/4-5.htm">Cravings</a> <a href="/1_timothy/1-15.htm">Deserving</a> <a href="/ephesians/4-22.htm">Desires</a> <a href="/ephesians/2-11.htm">Flesh</a> <a href="/philippians/3-17.htm">Following</a> <a href="/ephesians/2-11.htm">Formerly</a> <a href="/2_peter/3-9.htm">Fulfilling</a> <a href="/1_peter/4-2.htm">Governed</a> <a href="/colossians/3-5.htm">Inclinations</a> <a href="/ephesians/4-19.htm">Indulging</a> <a href="/ephesians/4-9.htm">Lower</a> <a href="/ephesians/4-19.htm">Lust</a> <a href="/ephesians/4-1.htm">Manner</a> <a href="/ephesians/3-9.htm">Mind</a> <a href="/ephesians/2-14.htm">Nature</a> <a href="/colossians/2-23.htm">Natures</a> <a href="/ephesians/2-11.htm">Once</a> <a href="/ephesians/4-22.htm">Original</a> <a href="/1_thessalonians/4-14.htm">Passed</a> <a href="/ephesians/4-19.htm">Passions</a> <a href="/ephesians/2-11.htm">Past</a> <a href="/ephesians/2-22.htm">Rest</a> <a href="/ephesians/6-22.htm">State</a> <a href="/ephesians/3-20.htm">Thoughts</a> <a href="/ephesians/5-16.htm">Times</a> <a href="/ephesians/4-26.htm">Wrath</a><div class="vheading2">Ephesians 2</div>1. <a href="/ephesians/2-1.htm">By comparing what we were by nature, with what we are by grace,</a> 10. <a href="/ephesians/2-10.htm">he declares that we are made for good works: and being brought near by Christ, </a> 19. <a href="/ephesians/2-19.htm">should not live as Gentiles and foreigners, but as citizens with the saints, and the family of God.</a> </div></div><div id="mdd"><div align="center"><div class="bot2"><table align="center" width="100%"><tr><td><div align="center"> <script id="3d27ed63fc4348d5b062c4527ae09445"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=51ce25d5-1a8c-424a-8695-4bd48c750f35&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script> <script id="b817b7107f1d4a7997da1b3c33457e03"> (new Image()).src = 'https://capi.connatix.com/tr/si?token=cb0edd8b-b416-47eb-8c6d-3cc96561f7e8&cid=3a9f82d0-4344-4f8d-ac0c-e1a0eb43a405'; </script>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-2'> </div>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-0' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-3'> </div>  <div id='div-gpt-ad-1529103594582-1' style='max-width: 300px;'> </div>  <div align="center" id='div-gpt-ad-1531425649696-0'> </div> <ins class="adsbygoogle" style="display:inline-block;width:200px;height:200px" data-ad-client="ca-pub-3753401421161123" data-ad-slot="3592799687"></ins> <script> (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); </script> </div> </td></tr></table></div></div></div><div id="combox"><div class="padcom"><a name="study" id="study"></a><div class="vheading"><table width="100%"><tr><td width="99%" valign="top"><a href="/study/ephesians/2.htm">Study Bible</a></td><td width="1%" valign="top"><a href="/study/ephesians/" title="Book Summary and Study">Book ◦</a> <a href="/study/chapters/ephesians/2.htm" title="Chapter summary and Study">Chapter </a></tr></table></div>All of us also lived among them at one time This phrase emphasizes the universality of sin, indicating that all believers, including the Apostle Paul and his audience, once lived in a state of disobedience. It reflects the shared human condition of sinfulness before coming to faith in Christ. This aligns with <a href="/romans/3-23.htm">Romans 3:23</a>, which states that all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God. The phrase "lived among them" suggests a past lifestyle that was indistinguishable from those who are not in Christ, highlighting the transformation that occurs through salvation.fulfilling the cravings of our flesh The "cravings of our flesh" refers to the sinful nature and desires that are inherent in humanity. This concept is rooted in the idea of original sin, which suggests that all humans are born with a propensity to sin due to the fall of Adam and Eve (Genesis 3). The "flesh" in biblical terms often denotes the sinful nature as opposed to the spiritual nature. <a href="/galatians/5-19.htm">Galatians 5:19-21</a> lists the acts of the flesh, contrasting them with the fruit of the Spirit, illustrating the conflict between the two.and indulging its desires and thoughts This phrase indicates not only the actions but also the internal motivations and thoughts that are contrary to God's will. It underscores the comprehensive nature of sin, affecting both external behaviors and internal attitudes. <a href="/james/1-14.htm">James 1:14-15</a> explains how desire leads to sin, and sin, when fully grown, leads to death. This highlights the need for a transformation of the mind, as urged in <a href="/romans/12-2.htm">Romans 12:2</a>, to align with God's will.Like the rest, we were by nature children of wrath "Like the rest" reiterates the commonality of this condition among all people, emphasizing that no one is exempt from the consequences of sin. "By nature children of wrath" suggests that humanity, in its natural state, is subject to God's righteous judgment. This is consistent with <a href="/john/3-36.htm">John 3:36</a>, which states that those who do not believe in the Son remain under God's wrath. The term "children of wrath" contrasts with the identity believers receive in Christ as children of God (<a href="/john/1-12.htm">John 1:12</a>), highlighting the transformative power of salvation.<div class="vheading2">Persons / Places / Events</div>1. <a href="/topical/p/paul_the_apostle.htm">Paul the Apostle</a> The author of the letter to the Ephesians, Paul is writing to the church in Ephesus, addressing both Jewish and Gentile believers. 2. <a href="/topical/e/ephesus.htm">Ephesus</a> A major city in Asia Minor, known for its diverse population and the Temple of Artemis. It was a center for early Christian evangelism. 3. <a href="/topical/t/the_ephesians.htm">The Ephesians</a> The recipients of the letter, comprising both Jewish and Gentile Christians who were part of the early church community.<div class="vheading2">Teaching Points</div><a href="/topical/u/understanding_our_past_condition.htm">Understanding Our Past Condition</a> Recognize that before coming to Christ, we were all living in sin, fulfilling the desires of the flesh and mind. <a href="/topical/t/the_nature_of_sin.htm">The Nature of Sin</a> Sin is not just actions but also the inherent nature of humanity without Christ, making us "children of wrath." <a href="/topical/t/the_universality_of_sin.htm">The Universality of Sin</a> Acknowledge that this condition was universal, affecting both Jews and Gentiles alike, emphasizing the need for salvation through Christ. <a href="/topical/t/transformation_through_christ.htm">Transformation Through Christ</a> Reflect on the transformation that occurs when we accept Christ, moving from being "children of wrath" to children of God. <a href="/topical/l/living_in_the_spirit.htm">Living in the Spirit</a> Encourage believers to live by the Spirit, not gratifying the desires of the flesh, as a response to the grace received through Christ.<div class="vheading2">Lists and Questions</div><a href="/top10/lessons_from_ephesians_2.htm">Top 10 Lessons from Ephesians 2</a> <a href="/q/meaning_of_'children_of_wrath'.htm">What is the meaning of "Children of Wrath"?</a> <a href="/q/what_does_'speak_evil_of_no_man'_mean.htm">Were we conceived in sin?</a> <a href="/q/what_does_the_bible_say_on_diligence.htm">Are humans inherently good at birth?</a> <a href="/q/what_is_the_concept_of_original_sin.htm">What is the concept of Original Sin?</a><a name="commentary" id="commentary"></a><div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/ellicott/ephesians/2.htm">Ellicott's Commentary for English Readers</a></div>(3) Among whom also we all . . .--Up to this point St. Paul had addressed himself especially to the Ephesians as Gentiles: now he extends the description of alienation to "all," Jews and Gentiles alike, as formerly reckoned among the children of disobedience. It is indeed the great object of this chapter to bring out the equality and unity of both Jews and Gentiles in the Church of Christ; and this truth is naturally introduced by a statement of their former equality in alienation and sin.In the lusts of our flesh, fulfilling the desires of the flesh and of the mind.--The parallelism of these two clauses illustrates very clearly the extended sense in which the word "flesh" is used by St. Paul, as may indeed be seen by the catalogue of the works of the flesh in <a href="/context/galatians/5-19.htm" title="Now the works of the flesh are manifest, which are these; Adultery, fornication, uncleanness, lasciviousness,">Galatians 5:19-20</a>. For here "the flesh," in the first clause, includes both "the flesh and the mind" (or, more properly, the thoughts) of the second; that is, it includes both the appetites and the passions of our fleshly nature, and also the "thoughts" of the mind itself, so far as it is devoted to this visible world of sense, alienated from God, and therefore under the influence of the powers of evil. In fact, in scriptural use the sins of "the flesh," "the world," and "the devil" are not different classes of sins, but different aspects of sin, and any one of the three great enemies is made at times to represent all.And were by nature the children of wrath, even as others (or rather, the others--that is, the heathen).--From this passage the phrase "children of wrath" has passed into Christian theology as an almost technical description of the unregenerate state. Hence it needs careful examination. (1) Now the phrase "children of wrath" (corresponding almost exactly to "children of a curse," in <a href="/2_peter/2-14.htm" title="Having eyes full of adultery, and that cannot cease from sin; beguiling unstable souls: an heart they have exercised with covetous practices; cursed children:">2Peter 2:14</a>) seems borrowed from the Hebrew use in the Old Testament, by which (as in <a href="/1_samuel/20-30.htm" title="Then Saul's anger was kindled against Jonathan, and he said to him, You son of the perverse rebellious woman, do not I know that you have chosen the son of Jesse to your own confusion, and to the confusion of your mother's nakedness?">1Samuel 20:30</a>; <a href="/2_samuel/12-5.htm" title="And David's anger was greatly kindled against the man; and he said to Nathan, As the LORD lives, the man that has done this thing shall surely die:">2Samuel 12:5</a>) a "son of death" is one under sentence of death, and in <a href="/isaiah/57-4.htm" title="Against whom do you sport yourselves? against whom make you a wide mouth, and draw out the tongue? are you not children of transgression, a seed of falsehood.">Isaiah 57:4</a> (the Greek translation) "children of destruction" are those doomed to perish. In this sense we have, in <a href="/john/17-12.htm" title="While I was with them in the world, I kept them in your name: those that you gave me I have kept, and none of them is lost, but the son of perdition; that the scripture might be fulfilled.">John 17:12</a>, "the son of perdition;" and in <a href="/matthew/23-15.htm" title="Woe to you, scribes and Pharisees, hypocrites! for you compass sea and land to make one proselyte, and when he is made, you make him twofold more the child of hell than yourselves.">Matthew 23:15</a>, "the son of hell." It differs, therefore, considerably from the phrase "children of disobedience" (begotten, as it were, of disobedience) above. But it is notable that the word for "children" here used is a term expressing endearment and love, and is accordingly properly, and almost invariably, applied to our relation to God. When, therefore, it is used as in this passage, or, still more strikingly, in <a href="/1_john/3-10.htm" title="In this the children of God are manifest, and the children of the devil: whoever does not righteousness is not of God, neither he that loves not his brother.">1John 3:10</a>, "children of the devil" (comp. <a href="/john/8-44.htm" title="You are of your father the devil, and the lusts of your father you will do. He was a murderer from the beginning, and stayed not in the truth, because there is no truth in him. When he speaks a lie, he speaks of his own: for he is a liar, and the father of it.">John 8:44</a>), there is clearly an intention to arrest the attention by a startling and paradoxical expression. "We were children," not of God, not of His love, but "of wrath"--that is, His wrath against sin; "born (see <a href="/context/galatians/3-10.htm" title="For as many as are of the works of the law are under the curse: for it is written, Cursed is every one that continues not in all things which are written in the book of the law to do them.">Galatians 3:10-22</a>; <a href="/galatians/4-4.htm" title="But when the fullness of the time was come, God sent forth his Son, made of a woman, made under the law,">Galatians 4:4</a>) under the law," and therefore "shut up under sin," and "under the curse." (2) Next, we have the phrase "by nature," which, in the true reading of the original, is interposed, as a kind of limitation or definition, between "children" and "of wrath." In the first instance it was probably suggested by the reference to Israel, who were by covenant, not by nature, the chosen people of God. Now the word "nature," applied to humanity, indicates what is common to all, as opposed to what is individual, or what is inborn, as opposed to what is acquired. But whether it refers to humanity as it was created by God, or to humanity as it has become by "fault and corruption of nature," must always be determined by the context. Here the reference is clearly to the latter. "Nature" is opposed to "grace"--that is, the nature of man as alienated from God, to the nature of man as restored to his original birthright, the "image of God," in Jesus Christ. (See <a href="/context/romans/5-12.htm" title="Why, as by one man sin entered into the world, and death by sin; and so death passed on all men, for that all have sinned:">Romans 5:12-21</a>.) The existence of an inborn sinfulness needs no revelation to make it evident to those who have eyes to see. It needs a revelation--and such a revelation the gospel gives--to declare to us that it is not man's true nature, and that what is really original is not sin, but righteousness. (3) The whole passage, therefore, describes the state of men before their call to union with Christ, as naturally "under wrath," and is well illustrated by the full description, in <a href="/romans/1-18.htm" title="For the wrath of God is revealed from heaven against all ungodliness and unrighteousness of men, who hold the truth in unrighteousness;">Romans 1:18</a>; <a href="/romans/2-16.htm" title="In the day when God shall judge the secrets of men by Jesus Christ according to my gospel.">Romans 2:16</a>, of those on whom "the wrath of God is revealed." There man's state is depicted as having still some knowledge of God (<a href="/context/romans/1-19.htm" title="Because that which may be known of God is manifest in them; for God has showed it to them.">Romans 1:19-21</a>), as having "the work of the law written on the heart" (<a href="/context/romans/2-14.htm" title="For when the Gentiles, which have not the law, do by nature the things contained in the law, these, having not the law, are a law to themselves:">Romans 2:14-15</a>), and accordingly as being still under a probation before God (<a href="/context/romans/2-6.htm" title="Who will render to every man according to his deeds:">Romans 2:6-11</a>). Elsewhere we learn that Christ, "the Lamb slain from the foundation of the world," died for all, even "the ungodly" (<a href="/context/romans/5-6.htm" title="For when we were yet without strength, in due time Christ died for the ungodly.">Romans 5:6-8</a>; <a href="/revelation/13-1.htm" title="And I stood on the sand of the sea, and saw a beast rise up out of the sea, having seven heads and ten horns, and on his horns ten crowns, and on his heads the name of blasphemy.">Revelation 13:1</a>); and that none are wholly excluded from His atonement but those who "tread under foot the Son of God, and count the blood of the covenant an unholy thing" (<a href="/hebrews/10-29.htm" title="Of how much sorer punishment, suppose you, shall he be thought worthy, who has trodden under foot the Son of God, and has counted the blood of the covenant, with which he was sanctified, an unholy thing, and has done despite to the Spirit of grace?">Hebrews 10:29</a>). Hence that state is not absolutely lost or hopeless. But yet, when the comparison, as here, is with the salvation of the gospel, they are declared "children of wrath" who are "strangers to the new covenant of promise," with its two supernatural gifts of justification by faith and sanctification in the Spirit, and their condition is described, comparatively but not absolutely, as "having no hope, and without God in the world." . . . <div class="vheading2"><a href="/commentaries/pulpit/ephesians/2.htm">Pulpit Commentary</a></div>Verse 3. - Among whom we also all once spent our life in the lusts of our flesh. The apostle here brings Jews and Gentiles together. "We also," as well as you - we were all in the same condemnation, all in a miserable plight, not merely occasionally dipping into sin, but spending our very lives in the lusts or desires of our flesh, living fro' no noble ends, but in an element of carnal desire, as if there were nothing higher than to please the carnal nature. Fulfilling the desires of the flesh and of the mind. Desires of the flesh, the grosser and more animal propensities (the flesh, in Scripture, has often a wider sense; see <a href="/galatians/5-19.htm">Galatians 5:19-21</a>); and of the mind or thoughts, διανοιῶν, the objects that we thought about, whatever they might be, - the waywardness of our thoughts seems to be denoted, the random roaming of the mind hither and thither, towards this pleasure and that, sometimes serious, sometimes frivolous, but all marked by the absence of any controlling regard to the will of God. The life indicated is a life of indulgence in whatever natural feelings may arise in us-be they right or be they wrong. And we were by nature children of wrath, even as the rest. This is a substantive clause, standing on its own basis, a separate fact, not merely an inference from the previous statements. The life described would have exposed us to wrath; but beyond and before this we were by nature children of wrath. "By nature" denotes something in our constitution, in our very being; and "even as the rest" denotes that this was universal, not a peculiarity affecting some, but a general feature applicable to all. "Children of wrath" denotes that we belonged to a race which had incurred the wrath of God; our individuality was so far absorbed by the social body that we shared the lot under which it had come. If there be something in this that seems contrary to justice, that seems to condemn men for the sins of others, we remark (1) that in actual life we constantly find individuals suffering for the sin of the corporation, domestic, social, or national, with which they are identified; (2) that apart from this altogether, our individual offenses would expose us to God's wrath; and (3) that the moral and legal relations of the individual to the corporation is a subject of difficulty, and in this case makes a strong demand on our faith. We should accept the teaching of the Word of God upon it, and leave our righteous Judge to vindicate himself. "Wrath," as applied to God, must be regarded as essentially different from the same word when used of man. In the latter case it usually indicates a disorderly, excited, passionate feeling, as of one who has lost self-control; when used of God, it denotes the holy, calm, deep opposition of his nature to sin, compelling him to inflict the appropriate punishment. <a href="/commentaries/ephesians/2-3.htm">Parallel Commentaries ...</a> <a name="lexicon" id="lexicon"></a><div class="vheading">Greek</div>We ἡμεῖς (hēmeis) Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Nominative 1st Person Plural <a href="/greek/strongs_1473.htm">Strong's 1473: </a> I, the first-person pronoun. A primary pronoun of the first person I. all πάντες (pantes) Adjective - Nominative Masculine Plural <a href="/greek/strongs_3956.htm">Strong's 3956: </a> All, the whole, every kind of. Including all the forms of declension; apparently a primary word; all, any, every, the whole. lived ἀνεστράφημέν (anestraphēmen) Verb - Aorist Indicative Passive - 1st Person Plural <a href="/greek/strongs_390.htm">Strong's 390: </a> From ana and strepho; to overturn; also to return; by implication, to busy oneself, i.e. Remain, live. among ἐν (en) Preposition <a href="/greek/strongs_1722.htm">Strong's 1722: </a> In, on, among. A primary preposition denoting position, and instrumentality, i.e. A relation of rest; 'in, ' at, on, by, etc. [them] οἷς (hois) Personal / Relative Pronoun - Dative Masculine Plural <a href="/greek/strongs_3739.htm">Strong's 3739: </a> Who, which, what, that. at one time ποτε (pote) Particle <a href="/greek/strongs_4218.htm">Strong's 4218: </a> At one time or other, at some time, formerly. From the base of pou and te; indefinite adverb, at some time, ever. in ἐν (en) Preposition <a href="/greek/strongs_1722.htm">Strong's 1722: </a> In, on, among. A primary preposition denoting position, and instrumentality, i.e. A relation of rest; 'in, ' at, on, by, etc. the ταῖς (tais) Article - Dative Feminine Plural <a href="/greek/strongs_3588.htm">Strong's 3588: </a> The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the. cravings ἐπιθυμίαις (epithymiais) Noun - Dative Feminine Plural <a href="/greek/strongs_1939.htm">Strong's 1939: </a> Desire, eagerness for, inordinate desire, lust. From epithumeo; a longing. of our ἡμῶν (hēmōn) Personal / Possessive Pronoun - Genitive 1st Person Plural <a href="/greek/strongs_1473.htm">Strong's 1473: </a> I, the first-person pronoun. A primary pronoun of the first person I. flesh, σαρκὸς (sarkos) Noun - Genitive Feminine Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_4561.htm">Strong's 4561: </a> Flesh, body, human nature, materiality; kindred. indulging ποιοῦντες (poiountes) Verb - Present Participle Active - Nominative Masculine Plural <a href="/greek/strongs_4160.htm">Strong's 4160: </a> (a) I make, manufacture, construct, (b) I do, act, cause. Apparently a prolonged form of an obsolete primary; to make or do. [its] τὰ (ta) Article - Accusative Neuter Plural <a href="/greek/strongs_3588.htm">Strong's 3588: </a> The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the. desires θελήματα (thelēmata) Noun - Accusative Neuter Plural <a href="/greek/strongs_2307.htm">Strong's 2307: </a> An act of will, will; plur: wishes, desires. From the prolonged form of ethelo; a determination, i.e. choice or inclination. and καὶ (kai) Conjunction <a href="/greek/strongs_2532.htm">Strong's 2532: </a> And, even, also, namely. thoughts. διανοιῶν (dianoiōn) Noun - Genitive Feminine Plural <a href="/greek/strongs_1271.htm">Strong's 1271: </a> From dia and nous; deep thought, properly, the faculty, by implication, its exercise. Like ὡς (hōs) Adverb <a href="/greek/strongs_5613.htm">Strong's 5613: </a> Probably adverb of comparative from hos; which how, i.e. In that manner. the οἱ (hoi) Article - Nominative Masculine Plural <a href="/greek/strongs_3588.htm">Strong's 3588: </a> The, the definite article. Including the feminine he, and the neuter to in all their inflections; the definite article; the. rest, λοιποί (loipoi) Adjective - Nominative Masculine Plural <a href="/greek/strongs_3062.htm">Strong's 3062: </a> Left, left behind, the remainder, the rest, the others. Masculine plural of a derivative of leipo; remaining ones. we were ἤμεθα (ēmetha) Verb - Imperfect Indicative Middle - 1st Person Plural <a href="/greek/strongs_1510.htm">Strong's 1510: </a> I am, exist. The first person singular present indicative; a prolonged form of a primary and defective verb; I exist. by nature φύσει (physei) Noun - Dative Feminine Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_5449.htm">Strong's 5449: </a> From phuo; growth, i.e. natural production; by extension, a genus or sort; figuratively, native disposition, constitution or usage. children τέκνα (tekna) Noun - Nominative Neuter Plural <a href="/greek/strongs_5043.htm">Strong's 5043: </a> A child, descendent, inhabitant. From the base of timoria; a child. of wrath. ὀργῆς (orgēs) Noun - Genitive Feminine Singular <a href="/greek/strongs_3709.htm">Strong's 3709: </a> From oregomai; properly, desire, i.e., violent passion (justifiable) abhorrence); by implication punishment. <div class="vheading">Links</div><a href="/niv/ephesians/2-3.htm">Ephesians 2:3 NIV</a> <a href="/nlt/ephesians/2-3.htm">Ephesians 2:3 NLT</a> <a href="/esv/ephesians/2-3.htm">Ephesians 2:3 ESV</a> <a href="/nasb/ephesians/2-3.htm">Ephesians 2:3 NASB</a> <a href="/kjv/ephesians/2-3.htm">Ephesians 2:3 KJV</a> <a href="//bibleapps.com/ephesians/2-3.htm">Ephesians 2:3 BibleApps.com</a> <a href="//bibliaparalela.com/ephesians/2-3.htm">Ephesians 2:3 Biblia Paralela</a> <a href="//holybible.com.cn/ephesians/2-3.htm">Ephesians 2:3 Chinese Bible</a> <a href="//saintebible.com/ephesians/2-3.htm">Ephesians 2:3 French Bible</a> <a href="/catholic/ephesians/2-3.htm">Ephesians 2:3 Catholic Bible</a> <a href="/ephesians/2-3.htm">NT Letters: Ephesians 2:3 Among whom we also all once lived (Ephes. 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