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class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Background </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Commentaries_on_origin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commentaries_on_origin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1.1 Commentaries on origin </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commentaries_on_origin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_local_protest_events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_local_protest_events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Early local protest events </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_local_protest_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_national_protests_and_birth_of_national_movement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_national_protests_and_birth_of_national_movement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 First national protests and birth of national movement </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_national_protests_and_birth_of_national_movement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health_care_bill" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health_care_bill"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Health care bill </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health_care_bill-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-U.S._elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U.S._elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 U.S. elections </div> </a> <ul id="toc-U.S._elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-IRS_controversy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#IRS_controversy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.6 IRS controversy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-IRS_controversy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Role_in_the_2016_presidential_election" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Role_in_the_2016_presidential_election"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.7 Role in the 2016 presidential election </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Role_in_the_2016_presidential_election-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Decline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.8 Decline </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Decline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Composition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Composition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Composition </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Composition-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Composition subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Composition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Demographics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Polling_of_supporters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Polling_of_supporters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Polling of supporters </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Polling_of_supporters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Leadership" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leadership"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Leadership </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leadership-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Individuals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Individuals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3.1 Individuals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Individuals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organizations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organizations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3.2 Organizations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organizations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Fundraising" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fundraising"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Fundraising </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Fundraising-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Fundraising subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Fundraising-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Support_of_Koch_brothers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Support_of_Koch_brothers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Support of Koch brothers </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Support_of_Koch_brothers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_opinion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_opinion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Public opinion </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Public_opinion-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Public opinion subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Public_opinion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2010_polling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2010_polling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 2010 polling </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2010_polling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-After_debt-ceiling_crisis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#After_debt-ceiling_crisis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 After debt-ceiling crisis </div> </a> <ul id="toc-After_debt-ceiling_crisis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2012_polling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2012_polling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 2012 polling </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2012_polling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2013_and_2014_polling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2013_and_2014_polling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.4 2013 and 2014 polling </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2013_and_2014_polling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Symbols" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Symbols"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Symbols </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Symbols-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"Teabagger"" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Teabagger""> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 "Teabagger" </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Teabagger"-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commentary_by_the_Obama_administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commentary_by_the_Obama_administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Commentary by the Obama administration </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commentary_by_the_Obama_administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media_coverage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media_coverage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Media coverage </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Media_coverage-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Media coverage subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Media_coverage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tea_Party's_views_of_media_coverage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tea_Party's_views_of_media_coverage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11.1 Tea Party's views of media coverage </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tea_Party's_views_of_media_coverage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Perceptions_of_the_Tea_Party" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perceptions_of_the_Tea_Party"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Perceptions of the Tea Party </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Perceptions_of_the_Tea_Party-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Controversies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Controversies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Controversies </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Controversies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Tea Party movement</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 47 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-47" aria-hidden="true" > 47 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tea-Party-Bewegung" title="Tea-Party-Bewegung – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Tea-Party-Bewegung" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%83%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%8A" title="حركة الشاي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حركة الشاي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ay_Partiyas%C4%B1_H%C9%99r%C9%99kat%C4%B1" title="Çay Partiyası Hərəkatı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Çay Partiyası Hərəkatı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%AA_T%C3%B3ng_%C5%ABn-t%C5%8Dng" title="Tê Tóng ūn-tōng – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tê Tóng ūn-tōng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8_(%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5)" title="Чаено парти (движение) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Чаено парти (движение)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strollad_Tea_Party" title="Strollad Tea Party – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Strollad Tea Party" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tea_Party" title="Tea Party – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tea Party" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tea_Party_(hnut%C3%AD)" title="Tea Party (hnutí) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Tea Party (hnutí)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tea_Party-bev%C3%A6gelsen" title="Tea Party-bevægelsen – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tea Party-bevægelsen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tea-Party-Bewegung" title="Tea-Party-Bewegung – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Tea-Party-Bewegung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tea_Party_liikumine" title="Tea Party liikumine – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tea Party liikumine" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%AF%CE%BD%CE%B7%CE%BC%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%A4%CF%83%CE%B1%CE%B3%CE%B9%CE%BF%CF%8D" title="Κίνημα του Τσαγιού – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κίνημα του Τσαγιού" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tea_Party" title="Tea Party – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Tea Party" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tea_Party_(movimiento)" title="Tea Party (movimiento) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tea Party (movimiento)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tea_Partio_(Usono)" title="Tea Partio (Usono) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tea Partio (Usono)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tea_Party_(mugimendua)" title="Tea Party (mugimendua) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tea Party (mugimendua)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%B4_%D8%AA%DB%8C_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="جنبش تی پارتی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جنبش تی پارتی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tea_Party_(mouvement_politique)" title="Tea Party (mouvement politique) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tea Party (mouvement politique)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8B%B0%ED%8C%8C%ED%8B%B0_%EC%9A%B4%EB%8F%99" title="티파티 운동 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="티파티 운동" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B9%D5%A5%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%AD%D5%B4%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%B7%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%AA%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Թեյախմության շարժում – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Թեյախմության շարժում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pokret_Tea_Party" title="Pokret Tea Party – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Pokret Tea Party" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerakan_Tea_Party" title="Gerakan Tea Party – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Gerakan Tea Party" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%86%D1%8B%D0%BC%C3%A6%D0%BD_%D0%B7%D0%BC%C3%A6%D0%BB%D0%B4" title="Цайцымæн змæлд – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Цайцымæн змæлд" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tebo%C3%B0shreyfingin" title="Teboðshreyfingin – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Teboðshreyfingin" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tea_Party_(movimento)" title="Tea Party (movimento) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Tea Party (movimento)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A2%D7%AA_%D7%9E%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%91%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%AA%D7%94" title="תנועת מסיבת התה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תנועת מסיבת התה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tea_Party_(moviment)" title="Tea Party (moviment) – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Tea Party (moviment)" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tea_Party_mozgalom" title="Tea Party mozgalom – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tea Party mozgalom" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerakan_Tea_Party" title="Gerakan Tea Party – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Gerakan Tea Party" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tea_Party-beweging" title="Tea Party-beweging – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Tea Party-beweging" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%91%E3%83%BC%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%BC%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95" title="ティーパーティー運動 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ティーパーティー運動" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tea_Party-bevegelsen" title="Tea Party-bevegelsen – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Tea Party-bevegelsen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tea_Party" title="Tea Party – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Tea Party" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tea_Party" title="Tea Party – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tea Party" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Movimento_Tea_Party" title="Movimento Tea Party – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Movimento Tea Party" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%C8%99carea_Tea_Party" title="Mișcarea Tea Party – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Mișcarea Tea Party" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Движение чаепития – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Движение чаепития" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tea_Party_(l%C3%ABvizje_politike)" title="Tea Party (lëvizje politike) – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Tea Party (lëvizje politike)" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li 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decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1b/Semi-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Semi-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American fiscally conservative political movement</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the political movement. For the protest events themselves, see <a href="/wiki/Tea_Party_protests" title="Tea Party protests">Tea Party protests</a>. For the U.S. Congressional caucus, see <a href="/wiki/Tea_Party_Caucus" title="Tea Party Caucus">Tea Party Caucus</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Tea_Party_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Tea Party (disambiguation)">Tea Party (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:9.12_tea_party_in_DC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/9.12_tea_party_in_DC.jpg/220px-9.12_tea_party_in_DC.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/9.12_tea_party_in_DC.jpg/330px-9.12_tea_party_in_DC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/9.12_tea_party_in_DC.jpg/440px-9.12_tea_party_in_DC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="452" /></a><figcaption>Tea Party protesters on the West Lawn of the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Capitol" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Capitol">U.S. Capitol</a> and the <a href="/wiki/National_Mall" title="National Mall">National Mall</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Taxpayer_March_on_Washington" title="Taxpayer March on Washington">Taxpayer March on Washington</a> on September 12, 2009</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="border: 4px double #B0161E; border-spacing:0.2em 0;color: var(--color-base, #000);"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">This article is part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Conservatism in the United States">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#B0161E; padding-top:0.25em; font-size:160%; font-weight:normal; color:white; line-height:1em"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Conservatism in the United States">Conservatism in the United States</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg/90px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="90" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg/135px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg/180px-Greater_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="451" data-file-height="476" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Schools</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Compassionate_conservatism" title="Compassionate conservatism">Compassionate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiscal_conservatism" title="Fiscal conservatism">Fiscal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fusionism" title="Fusionism">Fusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberal_conservatism#Relation_to_American_conservatism" title="Liberal conservatism">Liberal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_conservatism" title="Libertarian conservatism">Libertarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moderate_conservatism" title="Moderate conservatism">Moderate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_conservatism" title="Movement conservatism">Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoconservatism" title="Neoconservatism">Neo-</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleoconservatism" title="Paleoconservatism">Paleo-</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postliberalism" title="Postliberalism">Postliberal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populism#United_States" title="Right-wing populism">Populist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_conservatism" title="Progressive conservatism">Progressive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Social conservatism in the United States">Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straussianism" class="mw-redirect" title="Straussianism">Straussian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Traditionalist conservatism in the United States">Traditionalist</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Principles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_exceptionalism" title="American exceptionalism">American exceptionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_nationalism" title="American nationalism">American nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communism" title="Anti-communism">Anti-communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_nationalism#United_States" title="Christian nationalism">Christian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_civil_religion" title="American civil religion">Civil religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_liberalism" title="Classical liberalism">Classical liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communitarianism" title="Communitarianism">Communitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutionalism_in_the_United_States" title="Constitutionalism in the United States">Constitutionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_life" title="Culture of life">Culture of life</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_anti-abortion_movement" title="United States anti-abortion movement">Pro-life</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Familialism#United_States" title="Familialism">Familialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_values" title="Family values">Family values</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalism_in_the_United_States" title="Federalism in the United States">Federalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/States%27_rights" title="States' rights">States' rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_essentialism" title="Gender essentialism">Gender essentialism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Complementarianism" title="Complementarianism">Complementarianism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Christian_ethics" title="Judeo-Christian ethics">Judeo-Christian values</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualism" title="Individualism">Individualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_and_order_(politics)" title="Law and order (politics)">Law and order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limited_government" title="Limited government">Limited government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meritocracy" title="Meritocracy">Meritocracy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Natural_aristocracy" title="Natural aristocracy">Natural aristocracy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_militarism" title="United States militarism">Militarism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peace_through_strength" title="Peace through strength">Peace through strength</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moral_absolutism" title="Moral absolutism">Moral absolutism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_law" title="Natural law">Natural law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordered_liberty" title="Ordered liberty">Ordered liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Americanism_(ideology)" title="Americanism (ideology)">Patriotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_property" title="Right to property">Property rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_the_United_States" title="Republicanism in the United States">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_keep_and_bear_arms_in_the_United_States" title="Right to keep and bear arms in the United States">Right to bear arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_of_law" title="Rule of law">Rule of law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supply-side_economics" title="Supply-side economics">Supply-side economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tradition" title="Tradition">Tradition</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Loyalist_(American_Revolution)" title="Loyalist (American Revolution)">Loyalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solid_South" title="Solid South">Solid South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_humanism_(literature)" title="New humanism (literature)">New Humanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Agrarians" title="Southern Agrarians">Southern Agrarians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Right_(United_States)" title="Old Right (United States)">Old Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Manifesto" title="Conservative Manifesto">Conservative Manifesto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_coalition" title="Conservative coalition">Conservative coalition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/America_First_Committee" title="America First Committee">America First Committee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McCarthyism" title="McCarthyism">McCarthyism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Goldwater_1964_presidential_campaign" title="Barry Goldwater 1964 presidential campaign">Goldwater campaign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Right#United_States" title="New Right">New Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reagan_era" title="Reagan era">Reagan era</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reagan_Doctrine" title="Reagan Doctrine">Reagan Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reaganomics" title="Reaganomics">Reaganomics</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoconservatism_and_paleoconservatism" title="Neoconservatism and paleoconservatism">Neo- vs. paleoconservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redeemers" title="Redeemers">Redeemers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Revolution" title="Republican Revolution">Republican Revolution</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tea Party movement</a></li> <li>Trump era <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidency of Donald Trump">First term</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="Second presidency of Donald Trump">Second term</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Intellectuals</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Adams" title="Henry Adams">Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Anton" title="Michael Anton">Anton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irving_Babbitt" title="Irving Babbitt">Babbitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Bacevich" title="Andrew Bacevich">Bacevich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Bell" title="Daniel Bell">Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saul_Bellow" title="Saul Bellow">Bellow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_L._Berger" title="Peter L. Berger">Berger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_Bloom" title="Allan Bloom">Bloom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_J._Boorstin" title="Daniel J. Boorstin">Boorstin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._Buckley_Jr." title="William F. Buckley Jr.">Buckley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Burnham" title="James Burnham">Burnham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Calhoun" title="John C. Calhoun">Calhoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Carl" title="Jeremy Carl">Carl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whittaker_Chambers" title="Whittaker Chambers">Chambers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Conquest" title="Robert Conquest">Conquest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Deneen" title="Patrick Deneen">Deneen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Eastman" title="Max Eastman">Eastman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._S._Eliot" title="T. S. Eliot">Eliot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Francis_(writer)" title="Sam Francis (writer)">Francis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Genovese" title="Eugene Genovese">Genovese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Gottfried" title="Paul Gottfried">Gottfried</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Davis_Hanson" title="Victor Davis Hanson">Hanson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoram_Hazony" title="Yoram Hazony">Hazony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gertrude_Himmelfarb" title="Gertrude Himmelfarb">Himmelfarb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Hermann_Hoppe" title="Hans-Hermann Hoppe">Hoppe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zora_Neale_Hurston" title="Zora Neale Hurston">Hurston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_V._Jaffa" title="Harry V. Jaffa">Jaffa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willmoore_Kendall" title="Willmoore Kendall">Kendall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Kimball" title="Roger Kimball">Kimball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Kirk" title="Russell Kirk">Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeane_Kirkpatrick" title="Jeane Kirkpatrick">Kirkpatrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kreeft" title="Peter Kreeft">Kreeft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irving_Kristol" title="Irving Kristol">Kristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_von_Kuehnelt-Leddihn" title="Erik von Kuehnelt-Leddihn">Kuehnelt-Leddihn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyle_H._Lanier" title="Lyle H. Lanier">Lanier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Lasch" title="Christopher Lasch">Lasch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Lind" title="Michael Lind">Lind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._P._Lovecraft" title="H. P. Lovecraft">Lovecraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Loury" title="Glenn Loury">Loury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lukacs" title="John Lukacs">Lukacs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Mansfield" title="Harvey Mansfield">Mansfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._L._Mencken" title="H. L. Mencken">Mencken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Meyer_(political_philosopher)" title="Frank Meyer (political philosopher)">Meyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Molnar" title="Thomas Molnar">Molnar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Murray_(political_scientist)" title="Charles Murray (political scientist)">Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Nisbet" title="Robert Nisbet">Nisbet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Crowe_Ransom" title="John Crowe Ransom">Ransom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Rieff" title="Philip Rieff">Rieff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Santayana" title="George Santayana">Santayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Schaeffer" title="Francis Schaeffer">Schaeffer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sowell" title="Thomas Sowell">Sowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Strauss" title="Leo Strauss">Strauss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Viereck" title="Peter Viereck">Viereck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Voegelin" title="Eric Voegelin">Voegelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Booker_T._Washington" title="Booker T. Washington">Washington (Booker)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_M._Weaver" title="Richard M. Weaver">Weaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Weyl" title="Nathaniel Weyl">Weyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Wolfe" title="Tom Wolfe">Wolfe</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Politicians</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">Adams (John)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">Adams (John Quincy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bolton" title="John Bolton">Bolton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Buchanan" title="James Buchanan">Buchanan (James)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Buchanan" title="Pat Buchanan">Buchanan (Pat)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">Bush (George H. W.)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">Bush (George W.)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Calhoun" title="John C. Calhoun">Calhoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Cheney" title="Dick Cheney">Cheney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay" title="Henry Clay">Clay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge">Coolidge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Cotton" title="Tom Cotton">Cotton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Cruz" title="Ted Cruz">Cruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_DeSantis" title="Ron DeSantis">DeSantis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everett_Dirksen" title="Everett Dirksen">Dirksen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich">Gingrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Goldwater" title="Barry Goldwater">Goldwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton" title="Alexander Hamilton">Hamilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_G._Harding" title="Warren G. Harding">Harding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josh_Hawley" title="Josh Hawley">Hawley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Helms" title="Jesse Helms">Helms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hoover" title="Herbert Hoover">Hoover (Herbert)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Huckabee" title="Mike Huckabee">Huckabee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_Jordan" title="Jim Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Cabot_Lodge" title="Henry Cabot Lodge">Lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clare_Boothe_Luce" title="Clare Boothe Luce">Luce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">McCain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_McCarthy" title="Joseph McCarthy">McCarthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitch_McConnell" title="Mitch McConnell">McConnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_McKinley" title="William McKinley">McKinley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Nixon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Palin" title="Sarah Palin">Palin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rand_Paul" title="Rand Paul">Paul (Rand)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Paul" title="Ron Paul">Paul (Ron)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Pence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_Pierce" title="Franklin Pierce">Pierce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Randolph_of_Roanoke" title="John Randolph of Roanoke">Randolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Reagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney" title="Mitt Romney">Romney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Rubio" title="Marco Rubio">Rubio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld" title="Donald Rumsfeld">Rumsfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Ryan" title="Paul Ryan">Ryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Huckabee_Sanders" title="Sarah Huckabee Sanders">Sanders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Santorum" title="Rick Santorum">Santorum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Sherman" title="John Sherman">Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Taft" title="Robert A. Taft">Taft (Robert)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">Taft (William)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Taylor_of_Caroline" title="John Taylor of Caroline">Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strom_Thurmond" title="Strom Thurmond">Thurmond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Trump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JD_Vance" title="JD Vance">Vance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Wallace" title="George Wallace">Wallace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">Washington (George)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Wolfowitz" title="Paul Wolfowitz">Wolfowitz</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Jurists</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Alito" title="Samuel Alito">Alito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amy_Coney_Barrett" title="Amy Coney Barrett">Barrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bork" title="Robert Bork">Bork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_E._Burger" title="Warren E. Burger">Burger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Colson" title="Charles Colson">Colson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_T._Frelinghuysen" title="Frederick T. Frelinghuysen">Frelinghuysen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_P._George" title="Robert P. George">George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Goldsmith" title="Jack Goldsmith">Goldsmith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Gorsuch" title="Neil Gorsuch">Gorsuch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lino_Graglia" title="Lino Graglia">Graglia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Marshall_Harlan_II" title="John Marshall Harlan II">Harlan II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brett_Kavanaugh" title="Brett Kavanaugh">Kavanaugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Kennedy" title="Anthony Kennedy">Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Michael_Luttig" title="J. Michael Luttig">Luttig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Meese" title="Edwin Meese">Meese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Day_O%27Connor" title="Sandra Day O'Connor">O'Connor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alton_B._Parker" title="Alton B. Parker">Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Rehnquist" title="William Rehnquist">Rehnquist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Roberts" title="John Roberts">Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Terry_Sanford" title="Edward Terry Sanford">Sanford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonin_Scalia" title="Antonin Scalia">Scalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Sessions" title="Jeff Sessions">Sessions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Sutherland" title="George Sutherland">Sutherland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">Taft (William)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_B._Taney" title="Roger B. Taney">Taney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Thomas" title="Clarence Thomas">Thomas (Clarence)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrian_Vermeule" title="Adrian Vermeule">Vermeule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Evans_Whittaker" title="Charles Evans Whittaker">Whittaker</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Commentators</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sohrab_Ahmari" title="Sohrab Ahmari">Ahmari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Beck" title="Glenn Beck">Beck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Bongino" title="Dan Bongino">Bongino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Breitbart" title="Andrew Breitbart">Breitbart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Buchanan" title="Pat Buchanan">Buchanan (Pat)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._Buckley_Jr." title="William F. Buckley Jr.">Buckley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Caldwell_(journalist)" title="Christopher Caldwell (journalist)">Caldwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tucker_Carlson" title="Tucker Carlson">Carlson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oren_Cass" title="Oren Cass">Cass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Chodorov" title="Frank Chodorov">Chodorov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Coulter" title="Ann Coulter">Coulter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinesh_D%27Souza" title="Dinesh D'Souza">D'Souza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Derbyshire" title="John Derbyshire">Derbyshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_DiLorenzo" title="Thomas DiLorenzo">DiLorenzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross_Douthat" title="Ross Douthat">Douthat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rod_Dreher" title="Rod Dreher">Dreher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Elder" title="Larry Elder">Elder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Fleming_(political_writer)" title="Thomas Fleming (political writer)">Fleming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonah_Goldberg" title="Jonah Goldberg">Goldberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bob_Grant_(radio_host)" title="Bob Grant (radio host)">Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alyssa_Farah_Griffin" title="Alyssa Farah Griffin">Griffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_van_den_Haag" title="Ernest van den Haag">Van den Haag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Hannity" title="Sean Hannity">Hannity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeffrey_Hart" title="Jeffrey Hart">Hart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pete_Hegseth" title="Pete Hegseth">Hegseth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Will_Herberg" title="Will Herberg">Herberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Hoover" title="Margaret Hoover">Hoover (Margaret)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laura_Ingraham" title="Laura Ingraham">Ingraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Jones" title="Alex Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Megyn_Kelly" title="Megyn Kelly">Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Kirk" title="Charlie Kirk">Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Knowles_(political_commentator)" title="Michael Knowles (political commentator)">Knowles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Krauthammer" title="Charles Krauthammer">Krauthammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomi_Lahren" title="Tomi Lahren">Lahren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Levin" title="Mark Levin">Levin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rush_Limbaugh" title="Rush Limbaugh">Limbaugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heather_Mac_Donald" title="Heather Mac Donald">Mac Donald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Metaxas" title="Eric Metaxas">Metaxas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_John_Neuhaus" title="Richard John Neuhaus">Neuhaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andy_Ngo" title="Andy Ngo">Ngo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_North" title="Oliver North">North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Novak" title="Robert Novak">Novak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_O%27Reilly_(political_commentator)" title="Bill O'Reilly (political commentator)">O'Reilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candace_Owens" title="Candace Owens">Owens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Podhoretz" title="Norman Podhoretz">Podhoretz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Pool" title="Tim Pool">Pool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Portnoy" title="David Portnoy">Portnoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Prager" title="Dennis Prager">Prager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pat_Robertson" title="Pat Robertson">Robertson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Shapiro" title="Ben Shapiro">Shapiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amity_Shlaes" title="Amity Shlaes">Shlaes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Sullivan" title="Andrew Sullivan">Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Walsh_(political_commentator)" title="Matt Walsh (political commentator)">Walsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Watters" title="Jesse Watters">Watters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Whittle" title="Bill Whittle">Whittle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Will" title="George Will">Will</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucian_Wintrich" title="Lucian Wintrich">Wintrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Woods" title="Tom Woods">Woods</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Activists</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Abramoff" title="Jack Abramoff">Abramoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Agostinelli" title="Robert Agostinelli">Agostinelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Ahmanson_Jr." title="Howard Ahmanson Jr.">Ahmanson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Andreessen" class="mw-redirect" title="Mark Andreessen">Andreessen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Atwater" title="Lee Atwater">Atwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Bannon" title="Steve Bannon">Bannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaitlin_Bennett" title="Kaitlin Bennett">Bennett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuri_Bezmenov" title="Yuri Bezmenov">Bezmenov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._Brent_Bozell_Jr." title="L. Brent Bozell Jr.">Bozell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Cohn" title="Roy Cohn">Cohn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Coors" title="Joseph Coors">Coors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Dans" title="Paul Dans">Dans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Dobson" title="James Dobson">Dobson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terry_Dolan_(activist)" title="Terry Dolan (activist)">Dolan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Drudge" title="Matt Drudge">Drudge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Falwell" title="Jerry Falwell">Falwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_Feulner" title="Edwin Feulner">Feulner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigitte_Gabriel" title="Brigitte Gabriel">Gabriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Horowitz" title="David Horowitz">Horowitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Krikorian_(activist)" title="Mark Krikorian (activist)">Krikorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlie_Kirk" title="Charlie Kirk">Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Kristol" title="Bill Kristol">Kristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beverly_LaHaye" title="Beverly LaHaye">LaHaye (Beverly)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_LaHaye" title="Tim LaHaye">LaHaye (Tim)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lindbergh" title="Charles Lindbergh">Lindbergh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Leo" title="Leonard Leo">Leo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McEntee_(political_aide)" title="John McEntee (political aide)">McEntee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebekah_Mercer" title="Rebekah Mercer">Mercer (Rebekah)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Mercer" title="Robert Mercer">Mercer (Robert)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Miller_(political_advisor)" title="Stephen Miller (political advisor)">Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rupert_Murdoch" title="Rupert Murdoch">Murdoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk">Musk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_O%27Keefe" title="James O'Keefe">O'Keefe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeonmi_Park" title="Yeonmi Park">Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Phillips_(activist)" title="Howard Phillips (activist)">Phillips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dennis_Prager" title="Dennis Prager">Prager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Reed" title="Ralph Reed">Reed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Regnery" title="Henry Regnery">Regnery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Roberts_(political_strategist)" title="Kevin Roberts (political strategist)">Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Rove" title="Karl Rove">Rove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Rufo" title="Christopher Rufo">Rufo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_A._Rusher" title="William A. Rusher">Rusher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Mellon_Scaife" title="Richard Mellon Scaife">Scaife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Schlafly" title="Andrew Schlafly">Schlafly (Andrew)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phyllis_Schlafly" title="Phyllis Schlafly">Schlafly (Phyllis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Stone" title="Roger Stone">Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robby_Starbuck" title="Robby Starbuck">Starbuck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Thiel" title="Peter Thiel">Thiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Viguerie" title="Richard Viguerie">Viguerie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginni_Thomas" title="Ginni Thomas">Thomas (Virginia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Booker_T._Washington" title="Booker T. Washington">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Weyrich" title="Paul Weyrich">Weyrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_E._Wood" title="Robert E. Wood">Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scott_Yenor" title="Scott Yenor">Yenor</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Literature</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Federalist_Papers" title="The Federalist Papers">The Federalist Papers</a> (1788)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_America" title="Democracy in America">Democracy in America</a> (1835–1840)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_and_Leadership" title="Democracy and Leadership">Democracy and Leadership</a> (1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notes_on_Democracy" title="Notes on Democracy">Notes on Democracy</a> (1926)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Agrarians#I'll_Take_My_Stand" title="Southern Agrarians">I'll Take My Stand</a> (1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Enemy,_the_State" title="Our Enemy, the State">Our Enemy, the State</a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Managerial_Revolution" title="The Managerial Revolution">The Managerial Revolution</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ideas_Have_Consequences" title="Ideas Have Consequences">Ideas Have Consequences</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_and_Man_at_Yale" title="God and Man at Yale">God and Man at Yale</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Conservative_Mind" title="The Conservative Mind">The Conservative Mind</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Conscience_of_a_Conservative" title="The Conscience of a Conservative">The Conscience of a Conservative</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Choice_Not_an_Echo" title="A Choice Not an Echo">A Choice Not an Echo</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Losing_Ground:_American_Social_Policy,_1950%E2%80%931980" class="mw-redirect" title="Losing Ground: American Social Policy, 1950–1980">Losing Ground</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Conflict_of_Visions" title="A Conflict of Visions">A Conflict of Visions</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Closing_of_the_American_Mind" title="The Closing of the American Mind">The Closing of the American Mind</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bell_Curve:_Intelligence_and_Class_Structure_in_American_Life" class="mw-redirect" title="The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life">The Bell Curve</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Revolt_of_the_Elites" title="The Revolt of the Elites">The Revolt of the Elites</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Death_of_the_West" title="The Death of the West">The Death of the West</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Blank_Slate" title="The Blank Slate">The Blank Slate</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Rednecks_and_White_Liberals" title="Black Rednecks and White Liberals">Black Rednecks and White Liberals</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillbilly_Elegy" title="Hillbilly Elegy">Hillbilly Elegy</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Benedict_Option" title="The Benedict Option">The Benedict Option</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Why_Liberalism_Failed" title="Why Liberalism Failed">Why Liberalism Failed</a> (2018)</li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Concerns</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_the_United_States" title="Abortion in the United States">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cancel_culture#American_public_opinion" title="Cancel culture">Cancel Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_war#United_States" title="Culture war">Culture war</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_multiculturalism#United_States" title="Criticism of multiculturalism">Multiculturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disparate_impact#Controversy" title="Disparate impact">"Disparate impact" controversy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020s_controversies_around_critical_race_theory" title="2020s controversies around critical race theory">CRT controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diversity,_equity,_and_inclusion#Criticism_and_controversy" title="Diversity, equity, and inclusion">DEI controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Griggs_v._Duke_Power_Co." title="Griggs v. Duke Power Co.">Griggs v. Duke Power Co.</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_education_bubble_in_the_United_States" title="Higher education bubble in the United States">Higher ed. bubble</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go_woke,_go_broke" title="Go woke, go broke">Go woke, go broke</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Environmental,_social,_and_governance#Criticism" title="Environmental, social, and governance">ESG</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Corporate_sociopolitical_activism#Counter-movement" title="Corporate sociopolitical activism">Woke capitalism</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homeschooling#United_States" title="Homeschooling">Homeschooling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_reduction_in_the_United_States" title="Immigration reduction in the United States">Immigration reduction</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigration_to_the_United_States" title="Illegal immigration to the United States">Illegal immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigration_to_the_United_States_and_crime" title="Illegal immigration to the United States and crime">Immigration and crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico%E2%80%93United_States_border_crisis" title="Mexico–United States border crisis">Border crisis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelligence_and_public_policy" title="Intelligence and public policy">Intelligence and public policy</a></li> <li>Constitutional interpretations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Originalism" title="Originalism">Originalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Textualism" title="Textualism">Textualism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Managerial_state" title="Managerial state">Managerial state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mudsill_theory" title="Mudsill theory">Mudsill theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_keep_and_bear_arms_in_the_United_States" title="Right to keep and bear arms in the United States">Second Amendment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sub-replacement_fertility#United_States" title="Sub-replacement fertility">Sub-replacement fertility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitary_executive_theory" title="Unitary executive theory">Unitary executive</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Parties</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist">Active <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Party_(1969)" title="American Party (1969)">American Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Independent_Party" title="American Independent Party">American Independent Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_New_York_State" title="Conservative Party of New York State">Conservative Party of New York State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Party_(United_States)" title="Constitution Party (United States)">Constitution Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a></li></ul> Defunct <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Masonic_Party" title="Anti-Masonic Party">Anti-Masonic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Union_Party_(United_States)" title="Constitutional Union Party (United States)">Constitutional Union Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a> (historically, factions) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boll_weevil_(politics)" title="Boll weevil (politics)">Boll weevils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Democrat" title="Conservative Democrat">Conservative Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dixiecrat" title="Dixiecrat">Dixiecrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reagan_Democrats" class="mw-redirect" title="Reagan Democrats">Reagan Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Democrat" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Democrat">Southern Democrats</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorr_Rebellion" title="Dorr Rebellion">Rhode Island Suffrage Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Party" title="Federalist Party">Federalist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Republican_Party" title="National Republican Party">National Republican Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Native American Party">Native American Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States)" title="Whig Party (United States)">Whig Party</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Think tanks</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acton_Institute" title="Acton Institute">Acton Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexis_de_Tocqueville_Institution" title="Alexis de Tocqueville Institution">AdTI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Enterprise_Institute" title="American Enterprise Institute">AEI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Security_Policy" title="Center for Security Policy">CSP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_the_National_Interest" title="Center for the National Interest">Center for the National Interest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claremont_Institute" title="Claremont Institute">Claremont Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Competitive_Enterprise_Institute" title="Competitive Enterprise Institute">CEI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Horowitz_Freedom_Center" title="David Horowitz Freedom Center">CSPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethics_and_Public_Policy_Center" title="Ethics and Public Policy Center">EPPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_Research_Institute" title="Family Research Institute">FRI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gatestone_Institute" title="Gatestone Institute">Gatestone Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heartland_Institute" title="Heartland Institute">Heartland Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Heritage_Foundation" title="The Heritage Foundation">The Heritage Foundation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_Action" title="Heritage Action">Heritage Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandate_for_Leadership" title="Mandate for Leadership">Mandate for Leadership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_2025" title="Project 2025">Project 2025</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoover_Institution" title="Hoover Institution">Hoover Institution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_Institute" title="Hudson Institute">Hudson Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercollegiate_Studies_Institute" title="Intercollegiate Studies Institute">ISI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Madison_Program_in_American_Ideals_and_Institutions" title="James Madison Program in American Ideals and Institutions">James Madison Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leadership_Institute" title="Leadership Institute">Leadership Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Institute_for_Policy_Research" title="Manhattan Institute for Policy Research">Manhattan Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mises_Institute" title="Mises Institute">Mises Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Research_Institute" title="Pacific Research Institute">PRI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_for_the_New_American_Century" title="Project for the New American Century">Project for the New American Century</a> (Defunct)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ripon_Society" title="Ripon Society">Ripon Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R_Street_Institute" title="R Street Institute">R Street Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockford_Institute" title="Rockford Institute">Rockford Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Policy_Network" title="State Policy Network">SPN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutherland_Institute" title="Sutherland Institute">Sutherland Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax_Foundation" title="Tax Foundation">Tax Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witherspoon_Institute" title="Witherspoon Institute">Witherspoon Institute</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Media</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> Newspapers <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dallas_Morning_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Dallas Morning News">Dallas Morning News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Epoch_Times" title="The Epoch Times">The Epoch Times</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_Union_Leader" title="New Hampshire Union Leader">New Hampshire Union Leader</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Jewish_Voice" title="The Jewish Voice">The Jewish Voice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Observer" title="The New York Observer">The New York Observer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Post" title="New York Post">New York Post</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Remnant_(newspaper)" title="The Remnant (newspaper)">The Remnant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a> <a href="/wiki/Editorial_board_at_The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="Editorial board at The Wall Street Journal">(editorial board)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Times" title="The Washington Times">The Washington Times</a></li></ul> Journals <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Affairs" title="American Affairs">American Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_American_Conservative" title="The American Conservative">The American Conservative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_American_Spectator" title="The American Spectator">The American Spectator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Thinker" title="American Thinker">American Thinker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_Journal" title="City Journal">City Journal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claremont_Review_of_Books" title="Claremont Review of Books">Claremont Review of Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commentary_(magazine)" title="Commentary (magazine)">Commentary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compact_(American_magazine)" title="Compact (American magazine)">Compact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronicles_(magazine)" title="Chronicles (magazine)">Chronicles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dispatch" title="The Dispatch">The Dispatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Things" title="First Things">First Things</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Imaginative_Conservative" title="The Imaginative Conservative">The Imaginative Conservative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_World_Review" title="Jewish World Review">Jewish World Review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Age_(periodical)" title="Modern Age (periodical)">Modern Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Affairs" title="National Affairs">National Affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_National_Interest" title="The National Interest">The National Interest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Review" title="National Review">National Review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_American" title="The New American">The New American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Atlantis_(journal)" title="The New Atlantis (journal)">The New Atlantis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_New_Criterion" title="The New Criterion">The New Criterion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Policy_Review" title="Policy Review">Policy Review</a> (defunct)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Discourse" class="mw-redirect" title="Public Discourse">Public Discourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Partisan" title="Southern Partisan">Southern Partisan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spectator_USA" class="mw-redirect" title="Spectator USA">Spectator USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tablet_(magazine)" title="Tablet (magazine)">Tablet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taki%27s_Magazine" title="Taki's Magazine">Taki's Magazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telos_(journal)" title="Telos (journal)">Telos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Examiner" title="Washington Examiner">Washington Examiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Weekly_Standard" title="The Weekly Standard">The Weekly Standard</a> (defunct)</li></ul> TV channels <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Broadcasting_Network" title="Christian Broadcasting Network">CBN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_Business" title="Fox Business">Fox Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fox_News" title="Fox News">Fox News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newsmax_TV" title="Newsmax TV">Newsmax TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_America_News_Network" title="One America News Network">One America News Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VOZ_(media_company)" title="VOZ (media company)">VOZ</a></li></ul> Websites <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Babylon_Bee" title="The Babylon Bee">Babylon Bee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breitbart_News" title="Breitbart News">Breitbart News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bulwark_(website)" title="The Bulwark (website)">The Bulwark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campus_Reform" title="Campus Reform">Campus Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Center_Square" title="The Center Square">The Center Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Review" title="Conservative Review">Conservative Review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Caller" title="The Daily Caller">Daily Caller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Signal" title="The Daily Signal">Daily Signal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Wire" title="The Daily Wire">Daily Wire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Discover_the_Networks" title="Discover the Networks">Discover the Networks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Federalist_(website)" title="The Federalist (website)">The Federalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FrontPage_Magazine" title="FrontPage Magazine">FrontPage Magazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Front_Porch_Republic" title="Front Porch Republic">Front Porch Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Gateway_Pundit" title="The Gateway Pundit">Gateway Pundit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_Air" title="Hot Air">Hot Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_Events" title="Human Events">Human Events</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Journal_Review" title="Independent Journal Review">Independent Journal Review</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InfoWars" title="InfoWars">InfoWars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jihad_Watch" title="Jihad Watch">Jihad Watch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LifeZette" title="LifeZette">LifeZette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NewsBusters" class="mw-redirect" title="NewsBusters">NewsBusters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PJ_Media" title="PJ Media">PJ Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rare_(website)" title="Rare (website)">Rare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RedState" title="RedState">RedState</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dispatch" title="The Dispatch">The Dispatch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Townhall" title="Townhall">Townhall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twitchy" title="Twitchy">Twitchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Examiner" title="Washington Examiner">Washington Examiner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Free_Beacon" title="The Washington Free Beacon">The Washington Free Beacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Western_Journal" title="The Western Journal">The Western Journal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WorldNetDaily" title="WorldNetDaily">WorldNetDaily</a></li></ul> Other <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blaze_Media" title="Blaze Media">Blaze Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encounter_Books" title="Encounter Books">Encounter Books</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evie_Magazine" title="Evie Magazine">Evie Magazine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_First_TV" title="The First TV">The First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imprimis" title="Imprimis">Imprimis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Political_Cesspool" title="The Political Cesspool">The Political Cesspool</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passage_Publishing" title="Passage Publishing">Passage Publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PragerU" title="PragerU">PragerU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RealClearPolitics" title="RealClearPolitics">RealClearPolitics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Scare_(podcast)" title="Red Scare (podcast)">Red Scare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regnery_Publishing" title="Regnery Publishing">Regnery Publishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_Side_Broadcasting_Network" title="Right Side Broadcasting Network">RSBN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Rubin_Report" title="The Rubin Report">The Rubin Report</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinclair_Broadcast_Group" title="Sinclair Broadcast Group">Sinclair Broadcast Group</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Other organizations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> Economics <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Americans_for_Tax_Reform" title="Americans for Tax Reform">ATR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Club_for_Growth" title="Club for Growth">Club for Growth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FreedomWorks" title="FreedomWorks">FreedomWorks</a> (defunct)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Federation_of_Independent_Business" title="National Federation of Independent Business">NFIB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Taxpayers_Union" title="National Taxpayers Union">NTU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_Party_Patriots" title="Tea Party Patriots">Tea Party Patriots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Chamber_of_Commerce" title="United States Chamber of Commerce">USCC</a></li></ul> Gun rights <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gun_Owners_of_America" title="Gun Owners of America">GOA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_for_Gun_Rights" title="National Association for Gun Rights">NAGR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Rifle_Association" title="National Rifle Association">NRA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Amendment_Caucus" title="Second Amendment Caucus">Second Amendment Caucus</a></li></ul> Identity politics <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ACT_for_America" title="ACT for America">ACT!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concerned_Women_for_America" title="Concerned Women for America">CWA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Conservative_Citizens" title="Council of Conservative Citizens">Council of Conservative Citizens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gays_Against_Groomers" title="Gays Against Groomers">GAG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Women%27s_Forum" title="Independent Women's Forum">IWF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Log_Cabin_Republicans" title="Log Cabin Republicans">LCR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moms_for_Liberty" title="Moms for Liberty">Moms for Liberty</a></li></ul> Nativist <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Immigration_Studies" title="Center for Immigration Studies">CIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federation_for_American_Immigration_Reform" title="Federation for American Immigration Reform">FAIR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NumbersUSA" title="NumbersUSA">NumbersUSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oath_Keepers" title="Oath Keepers">Oath Keepers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Percenters" title="Three Percenters">Three Percenters</a></li></ul> Religion <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_Defending_Freedom" title="Alliance Defending Freedom">ADF</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_court_cases_involving_Alliance_Defending_Freedom" title="List of court cases involving Alliance Defending Freedom">Court cases</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Center_for_Law_%26_Justice" title="American Center for Law & Justice">ACLJ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Family_Association" title="American Family Association">AFA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Society_for_the_Defense_of_Tradition,_Family_and_Property" title="American Society for the Defense of Tradition, Family and Property">The American TFP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chalcedon_Foundation" title="Chalcedon Foundation">Chalcedon Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Coalition_of_America" title="Christian Coalition of America">CCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Voice_(United_States)" title="Christian Voice (United States)">Christian Voice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_Forum" title="Eagle Forum">Eagle Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_Research_Council" title="Family Research Council">FCR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Fellowship_(Christian_organization)" title="The Fellowship (Christian organization)">The Fellowship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faith_and_Freedom_Coalition" title="Faith and Freedom Coalition">FFC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focus_on_the_Family" title="Focus on the Family">Focus on the Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundation_for_Moral_Law" title="Foundation for Moral Law">Foundation for Moral Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Counsel" title="Liberty Counsel">Liberty Counsel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moral_Majority" title="Moral Majority">Moral Majority</a> (defunct)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Organization_for_Marriage" title="National Organization for Marriage">NOM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Right_to_Life_Committee" title="National Right to Life Committee">NRLC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parents_Television_and_Media_Council" title="Parents Television and Media Council">PTMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony_Pro-Life_America" title="Susan B. Anthony Pro-Life America">Susan B. Anthony Pro-Life America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_More_Law_Center" title="Thomas More Law Center">Thomas More Law Center</a></li></ul> Watchdog groups <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accuracy_in_Media" title="Accuracy in Media">AIM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Econ_Journal_Watch" title="Econ Journal Watch">Econ Journal Watch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin_News_Foundation" title="Franklin News Foundation">Franklin News Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_Watch" title="Judicial Watch">JW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_Research_Center" title="Media Research Center">MRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O%27Keefe_Media_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="O'Keefe Media Group">O'Keefe Media Group</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Veritas" title="Project Veritas">Project Veritas</a> (defunct)</li></ul> Youth/student groups <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Journalism_Center" title="National Journalism Center">NJC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turning_Point_USA" title="Turning Point USA">TPUSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Americans_for_Freedom" title="Young Americans for Freedom">Young Americans for Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_America%27s_Foundation" title="Young America's Foundation">Young America's Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Americans_for_Liberty" title="Young Americans for Liberty">YAL</a></li></ul> Miscellaneous <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_85_Fund" title="The 85 Fund">The 85 Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton_Institute_for_the_Study_of_Western_Civilization" title="Alexander Hamilton Institute for the Study of Western Civilization">AHI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Conservative_Union" title="American Conservative Union">ACU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bradley_Foundation" title="Bradley Foundation">Bradley Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Conservative_Caucus" title="The Conservative Caucus">TCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_for_National_Policy" title="Council for National Policy">CNP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Political_Action_Conference" title="Conservative Political Action Conference">CPAC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Caucus" title="Freedom Caucus">Freedom Caucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillsdale_College" title="Hillsdale College">Hillsdale College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idaho_Freedom_Foundation" title="Idaho Freedom Foundation">IFF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Birch_Society" title="John Birch Society">JBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Olin_Foundation" title="John M. Olin Foundation">John M. Olin Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Fund" title="Liberty Fund">Liberty Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_University" title="Liberty University">LU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Scholars" title="National Association of Scholars">NAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia_Society" title="Philadelphia Society">Philadelphia Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regent_University" title="Regent University">Regent University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Study_Committee" title="Republican Study Committee">RSC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Kirk_Center_for_Cultural_Renewal" title="Russell Kirk Center for Cultural Renewal">Russell Kirk Center for Cultural Renewal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_Public_Policy_Foundation" title="Texas Public Policy Foundation">TPPF</a></li></ul> Other <ul><li><a href="/wiki/America_First_Legal" title="America First Legal">AFL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_Network" title="Atlas Network">Atlas Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collegiate_Network" title="Collegiate Network">CN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ConservAmerica" title="ConservAmerica">ConservAmerica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donors_Trust" title="Donors Trust">Donors Trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Society" title="Federalist Society">FedSoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gab_(social_network)" title="Gab (social network)">Gab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gettr" title="Gettr">Gettr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Justice_Institute" title="Pacific Justice Institute">PJI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parler" title="Parler">Parler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Main_Street_Partnership" title="Republican Main Street Partnership">Republican Main Street Partnership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Right_Stuff_(app)" title="The Right Stuff (app)">The Right Stuff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_for_American_Civic_Renewal" title="Society for American Civic Renewal">SACR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Republicans" title="Young Republicans">YRNF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziklag_(organization)" title="Ziklag (organization)">Ziklag</a></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Movements</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asian_American_and_Pacific_Islands_American_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Asian American and Pacific Islands American conservatism in the United States">Asian and Pacific Islander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Black conservatism in the United States">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_right" title="Christian right">Christian right</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_reconstructionism#Influence_on_the_Christian_right_in_general" title="Christian reconstructionism">Reconstructionism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_education_movement" title="Classical education movement">Classical education movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paideia" title="Paideia">Paideia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Women in conservatism in the United States">Female</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_conservatism#United_States" title="Green conservatism">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Hispanic and Latino conservatism in the United States">Hispanic and Latino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_conservatism_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT conservatism in the United States">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Republican" title="Libertarian Republican">Libertarian republicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_militia_movement" title="American militia movement">Militia movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchism_in_the_United_States" title="Monarchism in the United States">Monarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints_and_politics_in_the_United_States" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and politics in the United States">Mormon</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/White_Horse_Prophecy" title="White Horse Prophecy">White Horse Prophecy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodemocracy" title="Theodemocracy">Theodemocracy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parental_rights_movement" title="Parental rights movement">Parental rights movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fathers%27_rights_movement" title="Fathers' rights movement">Fathers' rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_movement" title="Patriot movement">Patriot movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Patriot_movement" title="Christian Patriot movement">Christian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_right_(United_States)" title="Radical right (United States)">Radical right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactionary_feminism" title="Reactionary feminism">Reactionary feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-libertarianism#United_States" title="Right-libertarianism">Right-libertarianism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paleolibertarianism" title="Paleolibertarianism">Paleolibertarianism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secession_in_the_United_States" title="Secession in the United States">Secessionism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Confederates" title="Neo-Confederates">Neo-Confederates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Texas_secession_movements" title="Texas secession movements">in Texas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trumpism" title="Trumpism">Trumpism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Never_Trump_movement" title="Never Trump movement">Never Trump</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="border-top:1px solid #B0161E; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Related</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agenda_47" title="Agenda 47">Agenda 47</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/America_First_(policy)" title="America First (policy)">America First</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Bibliography of conservatism in the United States">Bibliography of US conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_talk_radio" title="Conservative talk radio">Conservative talk radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Factions_in_the_Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Factions in the Republican Party (United States)">GOP factions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="History of conservatism in the United States">History of US conservatism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_modern_American_conservatism" title="Timeline of modern American conservatism">Modern timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_conservatives" title="List of American conservatives">List of American conservatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Conservatism_Conference" title="National Conservatism Conference">NatCon</a></li> <li>Colloquialisms <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Barstool_conservatism" title="Barstool conservatism">Barstool conservatism</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Cuckservative" title="Cuckservative">Cuckservative</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Don%27t_immanentize_the_eschaton!" class="mw-redirect" title="Don't immanentize the eschaton!">Don't immanentize the eschaton!</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicans_pounce" title="Republicans pounce">Republicans pounce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_in_Name_Only" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican in Name Only">RINO</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/South_Park_Republican" title="South Park Republican">South Park Republican</a>"</li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="padding-bottom:0.22em; border-top:1px solid #AAA; border-bottom:1px solid #AAA"> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/15px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/22px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/30px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Conservatism" title="Portal:Conservatism">Conservatism portal</a></li> <li><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/16px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/24px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Conservatism_US" title="Template:Conservatism US"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Conservatism_US" title="Template talk:Conservatism US"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Conservatism_US" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Conservatism US"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">This article is part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Libertarianism_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Libertarianism in the United States">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#F5DD00; padding-top:0.25em; font-size:160%; font-weight:normal; color:black; line-height:1em"><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism_in_the_United_States" title="Libertarianism in the United States">Libertarianism in the United States</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><a href="/wiki/File:American_Libertarianism_Flags_Symbol.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/American_Libertarianism_Flags_Symbol.svg/120px-American_Libertarianism_Flags_Symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/American_Libertarianism_Flags_Symbol.svg/180px-American_Libertarianism_Flags_Symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/American_Libertarianism_Flags_Symbol.svg/240px-American_Libertarianism_Flags_Symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="292" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Schools</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agorism" class="mw-redirect" title="Agorism">Agorism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-capitalism" title="Anarcho-capitalism">Anarcho-capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Austrian School">Austro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autarchism" title="Autarchism">Autarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_liberalism#Bleeding-Heart_Libertarians" title="Neoclassical liberalism">Bleeding-heart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_libertarianism" title="Christian libertarianism">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consequentialist_libertarianism" title="Consequentialist libertarianism">Consequentialist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualist_feminism" title="Individualist feminism">Feminist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fusionism" title="Fusionism">Fusionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geolibertarianism" title="Geolibertarianism">Geo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_libertarianism" title="Green libertarianism">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Market_anarchism" title="Market anarchism">Market anarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night-watchman_state" title="Night-watchman state">Minarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural-rights_libertarianism" title="Natural-rights libertarianism">Natural-rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-libertarianism" title="Neo-libertarianism">Neo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleolibertarianism" title="Paleolibertarianism">Paleo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panarchy_(political_philosophy)" class="mw-redirect" title="Panarchy (political philosophy)">Panarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_paternalism" title="Libertarian paternalism">Paternalist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propertarianism" title="Propertarianism">Propertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technolibertarianism" title="Technolibertarianism">Techno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transhumanist_politics#Libertarian_transhumanism" title="Transhumanist politics">Transhumanist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voluntaryism" title="Voluntaryism">Voluntaryism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Principles</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-imperialism" title="Anti-imperialism">Anti-imperialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_libertarianism" title="Civil libertarianism">Civil libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutionalism" title="Constitutionalism">Constitutionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-economics" title="Counter-economics">Counter-economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decentralization" title="Decentralization">Decentralization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Departurism" title="Departurism">Departurism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_freedom" title="Economic freedom">Economic freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evictionism" title="Evictionism">Evictionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_banking" title="Free banking">Free banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_market" title="Free market">Free market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free-market_environmentalism" title="Free-market environmentalism">Free-market environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_migration" title="Free migration">Free migration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_trade" title="Free trade">Free trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_will" title="Free will">Free will</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_association" title="Freedom of association">Freedom of association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_contract" title="Freedom of contract">Freedom of contract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_speech" title="Freedom of speech">Freedom of speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homestead_principle" title="Homestead principle">Homestead principle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individuality" class="mw-redirect" title="Individuality">Individuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualism" title="Individualism">Individualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty" title="Liberty">Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limited_government" title="Limited government">Limited government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Localism_(politics)" title="Localism (politics)">Localism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marriage_privatization" title="Marriage privatization">Marriage privatization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_rights_and_legal_rights" title="Natural rights and legal rights">Natural rights and legal rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-aggression_principle" title="Non-aggression principle">Non-aggression principle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-interventionism" title="Non-interventionism">Non-interventionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-politics" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-politics">Non-politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-voting" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-voting">Non-voting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_border" title="Open border">Open border</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polycentric_law" title="Polycentric law">Polycentric law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_defense_agency" title="Private defense agency">Private defense agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_property" title="Private property">Private property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_choice_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Public choice theory">Public choice theory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restorative_justice" title="Restorative justice">Restorative justice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_bear_arms" class="mw-redirect" title="Right to bear arms">Right to bear arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_privacy" title="Right to privacy">Right to privacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rugged_Individualism" class="mw-redirect" title="Rugged Individualism">Rugged Individualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-ownership" title="Self-ownership">Self-ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single_tax" title="Single tax">Single tax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Small government">Small government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spontaneous_order" title="Spontaneous order">Spontaneous order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stateless_society" title="Stateless society">Stateless society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax_resistance" title="Tax resistance">Tax resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Title-transfer_theory_of_contract" title="Title-transfer theory of contract">Title-transfer theory of contract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voluntary_association" title="Voluntary association">Voluntary association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voluntary_society" title="Voluntary society">Voluntary society</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Age_of_Enlightenment" title="Age of Enlightenment">Age of Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abolitionism_in_the_United_States" title="Abolitionism in the United States">Abolitionism in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_liberalism" title="Classical liberalism">Classical liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Federalism" title="Anti-Federalism">Anti-Federalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transcendentalism" title="Transcendentalism">Transcendentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualist_anarchism_in_the_United_States" title="Individualist anarchism in the United States">Individualist anarchism in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Right_(United_States)" title="Old Right (United States)">Old Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Left" title="New Left">New Left</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Freedom School">Freedom School</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Economics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Austrian School">Austrian School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalism" title="Economic liberalism">Economic liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiscal_conservatism" title="Fiscal conservatism">Fiscal conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgism" title="Georgism">Georgism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laissez-faire" title="Laissez-faire">Laissez-faire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoliberalism" title="Neoliberalism">Neoliberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supply-side_economics" title="Supply-side economics">Supply-side economics</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Intellectuals</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Pearl_Andrews" title="Stephen Pearl Andrews">Andrews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Randy_Barnett" title="Randy Barnett">Barnett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Block" title="Walter Block">Block</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Brennan" title="Jason Brennan">Brennan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryan_Caplan" title="Bryan Caplan">Caplan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Carson" title="Kevin Carson">Carson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Chartier" title="Gary Chartier">Chartier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Chodorov" title="Frank Chodorov">Chodorov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Ebeling" title="Richard Ebeling">Ebeling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Epstein" title="Richard Epstein">Epstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin" title="Benjamin Franklin">Franklin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_D._Friedman" title="David D. Friedman">D. Friedman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milton_Friedman" title="Milton Friedman">M. Friedman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patri_Friedman" title="Patri Friedman">P. Friedman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Friedman" title="Rose Friedman">R. Friedman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Joseph_Galambos" title="Andrew Joseph Galambos">Galambos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garet_Garrett" title="Garet Garrett">Garrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_George" title="Henry George">George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._Edward_Griffin" title="G. Edward Griffin">Griffin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Gordon_(philosopher)" title="David Gordon (philosopher)">Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F._A._Harper" title="F. A. Harper">Harper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Hazlitt" title="Henry Hazlitt">Hazlitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Heinlein" title="Robert A. Heinlein">Heinlein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Hess" title="Karl Hess">Hess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Hermann_Hoppe" title="Hans-Hermann Hoppe">Hoppe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hospers" title="John Hospers">Hospers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Huemer" title="Michael Huemer">Huemer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephan_Kinsella" title="Stephan Kinsella">Kinsella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Edward_Konkin_III" title="Samuel Edward Konkin III">Konkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Wilder_Lane" title="Rose Wilder Lane">R. Lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_LeFevre" title="Robert LeFevre">LeFevre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibor_Machan" title="Tibor Machan">Machan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._L._Mencken" title="H. L. Mencken">Mencken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Menger" title="Karl Menger">Menger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_von_Mises" title="Ludwig von Mises">Mises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Jay_Nock" title="Albert Jay Nock">Nock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Nozick" title="Robert Nozick">Nozick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabel_Paterson" title="Isabel Paterson">Paterson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ayn_Rand" title="Ayn Rand">Rand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonard_Read" title="Leonard Read">Read</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_A._Robertson" title="John A. Robertson">Robertson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lew_Rockwell" title="Lew Rockwell">Rockwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray_Rothbard" title="Murray Rothbard">Rothbard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L._K._Samuels" title="L. K. Samuels">Samuels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J._Neil_Schulman" title="J. Neil Schulman">Schulman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Matthew_Sciabarra" title="Chris Matthew Sciabarra">Sciabarra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_C._Scott" title="James C. Scott">Scott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Skousen" title="Mark Skousen">Skousen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._Smith" title="George H. Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilya_Somin" title="Ilya Somin">Somin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sowell" title="Thomas Sowell">Sowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antony_C._Sutton" title="Antony C. Sutton">Sutton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Szasz" title="Thomas Szasz">Szasz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Thiel" title="Peter Thiel">Thiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_David_Thoreau" title="Henry David Thoreau">Thoreau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Tucker" title="Benjamin Tucker">Tucker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Volokh" title="Eugene Volokh">Volokh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laura_Ingalls_Wilder" title="Laura Ingalls Wilder">Wilder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_E._Williams" title="Walter E. Williams">Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clyde_N._Wilson" title="Clyde N. Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtis_Yarvin" title="Curtis Yarvin">Yarvin</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Commentators</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Chamberlain_(journalist)" title="John Chamberlain (journalist)">Chamberlain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Gillespie" title="Nick Gillespie">Gillespie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Gutfeld" title="Greg Gutfeld">Gutfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Jones" title="Alex Jones">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wendy_McElroy" title="Wendy McElroy">McElroy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Miller_(political_strategist)" title="Tim Miller (political strategist)">Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virginia_Postrel" title="Virginia Postrel">Postrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Pugsley" title="John Pugsley">Pugsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Rogan" title="Joe Rogan">Rogan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dave_Smith_(comedian)" title="Dave Smith (comedian)">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robby_Soave" title="Robby Soave">Soave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Stone" title="Roger Stone">Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Stossel" title="John Stossel">Stossel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Welch" title="Matt Welch">Welch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Will" title="George Will">Will</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Woods" title="Tom Woods">Woods</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Politicians</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Justin_Amash" title="Justin Amash">Amash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshall_Burt" title="Marshall Burt">Burt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge">Coolidge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gary_Johnson" title="Gary Johnson">Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jo_Jorgensen" title="Jo Jorgensen">Jorgensen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Massie" title="Thomas Massie">Massie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McAfee" title="John McAfee">McAfee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Nolan_(politician)" title="David Nolan (politician)">Nolan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chase_Oliver" title="Chase Oliver">Oliver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Paul" title="Ron Paul">Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Sarwark" title="Nicholas Sarwark">Sarwark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_Ventura" title="Jesse Ventura">Ventura</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Issues</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_abortion" title="Libertarian perspectives on abortion">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_capital_punishment" title="Libertarian perspectives on capital punishment">Capital punishment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_libertarianism" title="Criticism of libertarianism">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_foreign_intervention" title="Libertarian perspectives on foreign intervention">Foreign affairs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_immigration" title="Libertarian perspectives on immigration">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_intellectual_property" title="Libertarian perspectives on intellectual property">Intellectual property</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Debates_within_libertarianism" title="Debates within libertarianism">Internal debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_LGBT_rights" title="Libertarian perspectives on LGBT rights">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Objectivism_and_libertarianism" title="Objectivism and libertarianism">Objectivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_libertarian_political_parties" title="List of libertarian political parties">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_perspectives_on_political_alliances" title="Libertarian perspectives on political alliances">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarcho-capitalism_and_minarchism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anarcho-capitalism and minarchism">State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_theories_of_law" title="Libertarian theories of law">Theories of law</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Culture</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Come_and_take_it" title="Come and take it">Come and take it</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gadsden_flag" title="Gadsden flag">Gadsden flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Garrison" title="Ben Garrison">Ben Garrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_science_fiction" title="Libertarian science fiction">Libertarian science fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Swanson" title="Ron Swanson">Ron Swanson</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Organizations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cato_Institute" title="Cato Institute">Cato Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Society" title="Federalist Society">Federalist Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_State_Project" title="Free State Project">Free State Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundation_for_Economic_Education" title="Foundation for Economic Education">Foundation for Economic Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Alliance_of_Libertarian_Parties" title="International Alliance of Libertarian Parties">International Alliance of Libertarian Parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Party_(United_States)" title="Libertarian Party (United States)">Libertarian Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_International_(organization)" title="Liberty International (organization)">Liberty International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mises_Institute" title="Mises Institute">Mises Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reason_Foundation" title="Reason Foundation">Reason Foundation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reason_(magazine)" title="Reason (magazine)">Reason (magazine)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Students_for_a_Democratic_Society" title="Students for a Democratic Society">Students for a Democratic Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Students_for_Liberty" title="Students for Liberty">Students for Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Americans_for_Liberty" title="Young Americans for Liberty">Young Americans for Liberty</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">Literature</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Anarchist_Cookbook" title="The Anarchist Cookbook">The Anarchist Cookbook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anarchy,_State,_and_Utopia" title="Anarchy, State, and Utopia">Anarchy, State, and Utopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Betrayal_of_the_American_Right" title="The Betrayal of the American Right">The Betrayal of the American Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Case_Against_Education" title="The Case Against Education">The Case Against Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civil_Disobedience_(Thoreau)" title="Civil Disobedience (Thoreau)">Civil Disobedience</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conceived_in_Liberty" title="Conceived in Liberty">Conceived in Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._Edward_Griffin#The_Creature_from_Jekyll_Island" title="G. Edward Griffin">The Creature from Jekyll Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defending_the_Undefendable" title="Defending the Undefendable">Defending the Undefendable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Discovery_of_Freedom" class="mw-redirect" title="The Discovery of Freedom">The Discovery of Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/End_the_Fed" title="End the Fed">End the Fed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ethics_of_Liberty" title="The Ethics of Liberty">The Ethics of Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/For_a_New_Liberty" title="For a New Liberty">For a New Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_to_Choose" title="Free to Choose">Free to Choose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Future_and_Its_Enemies" title="The Future and Its Enemies">The Future and Its Enemies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_God_of_the_Machine" title="The God of the Machine">The God of the Machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_(1881%E2%80%931908)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberty (1881–1908)">Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Machinery_of_Freedom" title="The Machinery of Freedom">The Machinery of Freedom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man,_Economy_and_State" class="mw-redirect" title="Man, Economy and State">Man, Economy and State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Moon_is_a_Harsh_Mistress" class="mw-redirect" title="The Moon is a Harsh Mistress">The Moon is a Harsh Mistress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Mainspring_of_Human_Progress" title="The Mainspring of Human Progress">The Mainspring of Human Progress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Market_for_Liberty" title="The Market for Liberty">The Market for Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Myth_of_the_Rational_Voter" title="The Myth of the Rational Voter">The Myth of the Rational Voter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No,_They_Can%27t" title="No, They Can't">No, They Can't</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_Treason" title="No Treason">No Treason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Libertarian_Manifesto" class="mw-redirect" title="New Libertarian Manifesto">New Libertarian Manifesto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Enemy,_the_State" title="Our Enemy, the State">Our Enemy, the State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Problem_of_Political_Authority" title="The Problem of Political Authority">The Problem of Political Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress_and_Poverty" title="Progress and Poverty">Progress and Poverty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protection_or_Free_Trade" title="Protection or Free Trade">Protection or Free Trade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radicals_for_Capitalism" title="Radicals for Capitalism">Radicals for Capitalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seeing_Like_a_State" title="Seeing Like a State">Seeing Like a State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/To_Serve_and_Protect_(book)" title="To Serve and Protect (book)">To Serve and Protect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Unconstitutionality_of_Slavery" title="The Unconstitutionality of Slavery">The Unconstitutionality of Slavery</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent; border-top:1px solid #AAA; text-align:center;color: var(--color-base)">See also</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_militia_movement" title="American militia movement">American militia movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boogaloo_movement" title="Boogaloo movement">Boogaloo movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Conservatism in the United States">Conservatism in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyler_Cowen" title="Tyler Cowen">Cowen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_Enlightenment" title="Dark Enlightenment">Dark Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kane_(wrestler)" title="Kane (wrestler)">Jacobs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penn_Jillette" title="Penn Jillette">Jillette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Koch" title="Charles Koch">Koch (Charles)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Koch" title="David Koch">Koch (David)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-libertarianism" title="Left-libertarianism">Left-libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberalism_in_the_United_States" title="Liberalism in the United States">Liberalism in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_conservatism" title="Libertarian conservatism">Libertarian conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Democrat" title="Libertarian Democrat">Libertarian Democrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Republican" title="Libertarian Republican">Libertarian Republican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_socialism" title="Libertarian socialism">Libertarian socialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism_in_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Libertarianism in Hong Kong">Libertarianism in Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism_in_South_Africa" title="Libertarianism in South Africa">Libertarianism in South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarianism_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Libertarianism in the United Kingdom">Libertarianism in the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Right" title="New Right">New Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Objectivism" title="Objectivism">Objectivism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_Democracy_in_America" class="mw-redirect" title="On Democracy in America">On Democracy in America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_libertarianism" title="Outline of libertarianism">Outline of libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_Prince" title="Erik Prince">Prince</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Napolitano" title="Andrew Napolitano">Napolitano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-libertarianism" title="Right-libertarianism">Right-libertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_citizen_movement" title="Sovereign citizen movement">Sovereign citizen movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysander_Spooner" title="Lysander Spooner">Spooner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nassim_Nicholas_Taleb" title="Nassim Nicholas Taleb">Taleb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teller_(magician)" title="Teller (magician)">Teller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Anton_Wilson" title="Robert Anton Wilson">Wilson</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="padding-bottom:0.22em; border-top:1px solid #AAA; border-bottom:1px solid #AAA"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Yellow_flag_waving.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Yellow_flag_waving.svg/15px-Yellow_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Yellow_flag_waving.svg/22px-Yellow_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Yellow_flag_waving.svg/30px-Yellow_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Liberalism" title="Portal:Liberalism">Liberalism portal</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/15px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/22px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/30px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Conservatism" title="Portal:Conservatism">Conservatism portal</a></li> <li><img alt="diagram" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png/16px-Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png/24px-Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png/32px-Libertarianism-groups-diagram.png 2x" data-file-width="647" data-file-height="647" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Libertarianism" title="Portal:Libertarianism">Libertarianism portal</a></li> <li><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/16px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/24px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/32px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:United_States" title="Portal:United States">United States portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Libertarianism_US" title="Template:Libertarianism US"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Libertarianism_US" title="Template talk:Libertarianism US"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Libertarianism_US" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Libertarianism US"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> The Tea Party movement was an American <a href="/wiki/Fiscally_conservative" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiscally conservative">fiscally conservative</a> <a href="/wiki/Political_movement" title="Political movement">political movement</a> within the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a> that began in 2009. The movement formed in opposition to the policies of Democratic President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a><a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> and was a major factor in the <a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_elections" title="2010 United States elections">2010 wave election</a><a href="#cite_note-auto4-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto3-4">[4]</a> in which Republicans gained 63 House seats<a href="#cite_note-auto5-5">[5]</a> and took control of the U.S. House of Representatives.<a href="#cite_note-auto2-6">[6]</a> Participants in the movement called for lower <a href="/wiki/Taxation_in_the_United_States" title="Taxation in the United States">taxes</a> and for a reduction of the <a href="/wiki/National_debt_of_the_United_States" title="National debt of the United States">national debt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Federal_budget_deficit" class="mw-redirect" title="Federal budget deficit">federal budget deficit</a> through decreased <a href="/wiki/United_States_federal_budget" title="United States federal budget">government spending</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Gallup-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-thefiscaltimes.com-8">[8]</a> The movement supported <a href="/wiki/Small_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Small government">small-government</a> principles<a href="#cite_note-Good-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> and opposed the <a href="/wiki/Affordable_Care_Act" title="Affordable Care Act">Affordable Care Act</a> (also known as Obamacare), President Obama's signature health care legislation.<a href="#cite_note-tpmdc.talkingpointsmemo.com-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> The Tea Party movement has been described as both a <a href="/wiki/Popular_constitutionalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Popular constitutionalism">popular constitutional</a> movement<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> and as an "<a href="/wiki/Astroturfing" title="Astroturfing">astroturf movement</a>" purporting to be spontaneous and grassroots, but created by hidden elite interests.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> The movement was composed of a mixture of <a href="/wiki/Libertarianism_in_the_United_States" title="Libertarianism in the United States">libertarian</a>,<a href="#cite_note-libertarian-17">[17]</a> <a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populism" title="Right-wing populism">right-wing populist</a>,<a href="#cite_note-populist-18">[18]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Conservatism in the United States">conservative</a> activism.<a href="#cite_note-Conservatism-19">[19]</a> It sponsored <a href="/wiki/Tea_Party_protests" title="Tea Party protests">multiple protests</a> and supported <a href="/wiki/List_of_Tea_Party_politicians" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Tea Party politicians">various political candidates</a> since 2009.<a href="#cite_note-deseret-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-economist-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-sfexaminer-22">[22]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/American_Enterprise_Institute" title="American Enterprise Institute">American Enterprise Institute</a>, various polls in 2013 estimated that slightly over 10% of Americans identified as part of the movement.<a href="#cite_note-realspin-23">[23]</a> The movement took its name from the December 1773 <a href="/wiki/Boston_Tea_Party" title="Boston Tea Party">Boston Tea Party</a>, a watershed event in the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a>, with some movement adherents using Revolutionary era costumes.<a href="#cite_note-UPI.com-24">[24]</a> The Tea Party movement was popularly launched following a February 19, 2009, call by <a href="/wiki/CNBC" title="CNBC">CNBC</a> reporter <a href="/wiki/Rick_Santelli" title="Rick Santelli">Rick Santelli</a> on the floor of the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Mercantile_Exchange" title="Chicago Mercantile Exchange">Chicago Mercantile Exchange</a> for a "tea party".<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> On February 20, 2009, The Nationwide Tea Party Coalition also helped launch the Tea Party movement via a <a href="/wiki/Conference_call" title="Conference call">conference call</a> attended by around 50 conservative activists.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> Supporters of the movement subsequently had a major impact on the internal politics of the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a>. While the Tea Party was not a political party in the strict sense, research published in 2016 suggests that members of the <a href="/wiki/Tea_Party_Caucus" title="Tea Party Caucus">Tea Party Caucus</a> voted like a right-wing third party in Congress.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> A major force behind the movement was <a href="/wiki/Americans_for_Prosperity" title="Americans for Prosperity">Americans for Prosperity</a> (AFP), a conservative political <a href="/wiki/Advocacy_group" title="Advocacy group">advocacy group</a> founded by businessman and political activist <a href="/wiki/David_Koch" title="David Koch">David Koch</a>.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> By 2016, <a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a> wrote that the Tea Party movement had died; however, it also said that this was in part because some of its ideas had been absorbed by the mainstream Republican Party.<a href="#cite_note-:1-31">[31]</a> <a href="/wiki/CNBC" title="CNBC">CNBC</a> reported in 2019 that the conservative wing of the Republican Party "has basically shed the tea party moniker".<a href="#cite_note-:0-32">[32]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Agenda">Agenda</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_the_United_States" title="Politics of the United States">Politics of the United States</a></div> The Tea Party movement focuses on a significant reduction in the size and scope of the government.<a href="#cite_note-Good-9">[9]</a> The movement advocates a national economy operating without government oversight.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> Movement goals include limiting the size of the federal government, reducing government spending, lowering the national debt and opposing tax increases.<a href="#cite_note-Foley1-34">[34]</a> To this end, Tea Party groups have protested the <a href="/wiki/Troubled_Asset_Relief_Program" title="Troubled Asset Relief Program">Troubled Asset Relief Program</a> (TARP), stimulus programs such as Barack Obama's <a href="/wiki/American_Recovery_and_Reinvestment_Act_of_2009" title="American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009">American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009</a> (ARRA, commonly referred to as the Stimulus or The Recovery Act), <a href="/wiki/Emissions_trading" title="Emissions trading">cap and trade</a> environmental regulations, health care reform such as the <a href="/wiki/Patient_Protection_and_Affordable_Care_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act">Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act</a> (PPACA, also known simply as the Affordable Care Act or "<a href="/wiki/Patient_Protection_and_Affordable_Care_Act#Term_"Obamacare"" class="mw-redirect" title="Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act">Obamacare</a>") and perceived attacks by the federal government on their 1st, 2nd, 4th and <a href="/wiki/Tenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Tenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">10th Amendment</a> rights.<a href="#cite_note-Zernike1-35">[35]</a> Tea Party groups have also voiced support for <a href="/wiki/Right-to-work_law" title="Right-to-work law">right to work</a> legislation as well as tighter border security, and opposed amnesty for illegal immigrants.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> On the federal health care reform law, they began to work at the state level to nullify the law, after the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a> lost seats in Congress and the Presidency in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_elections,_2012" class="mw-redirect" title="United States elections, 2012">2012 elections</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Fringe-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-Rauch2-39">[39]</a> It has also mobilized locally against the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> <a href="/wiki/Agenda_21" title="Agenda 21">Agenda 21</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Fringe-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> They have protested the IRS for <a href="/wiki/2013_IRS_scandal" class="mw-redirect" title="2013 IRS scandal">controversial treatment</a> of groups with "tea party" in their names.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> They have formed <a href="/wiki/Super_PACs" class="mw-redirect" title="Super PACs">Super PACs</a> to support candidates sympathetic to their goals and have opposed what they call the "Republican establishment" candidates. The Tea Party does not have a single uniform agenda. The decentralized character of the Tea Party, with its lack of formal structure or hierarchy, allows each autonomous group to set its own priorities and goals. Goals may conflict, and priorities will often differ between groups. Many Tea Party organizers see this as a strength rather than a weakness, as decentralization has helped to immunize the Tea Party against co-opting by outside entities and corruption from within.<a href="#cite_note-Rauch1-42">[42]</a> Even though the groups participating in the movement have a wide range of different goals, the Tea Party places its view of the Constitution at the center of its reform agenda.<a href="#cite_note-Foley1-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-Schmidt-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> It urges the return of government as intended by some of the <a href="/wiki/Founding_Fathers_of_the_United_States" title="Founding Fathers of the United States">Founding Fathers</a>. It also seeks to teach its view of the Constitution and other founding documents.<a href="#cite_note-Rauch1-42">[42]</a> Scholars have described its interpretation variously as <a href="/wiki/Originalism" title="Originalism">originalist</a>, popular,<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> or a unique combination of the two.<a href="#cite_note-Schmidt-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> Reliance on the Constitution is selective and inconsistent. Adherents cite it, yet do so more as a cultural reference rather than out of commitment to the text, which they seek to alter.<a href="#cite_note-SkocpolWilliamson-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-Zernike2-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> Two constitutional amendments have been targeted by some in the movement for full or partial repeal: the <a href="/wiki/Sixteenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Sixteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">16th</a> that allows an income tax, and <a href="/wiki/Seventeenth_Amendment_to_the_United_States_Constitution" title="Seventeenth Amendment to the United States Constitution">the 17th that requires popular election of senators</a>. There has also been support for a proposed <a href="/wiki/Repeal_Amendment" class="mw-redirect" title="Repeal Amendment">Repeal Amendment</a>, which would enable a two-thirds majority of the states to repeal federal laws, and a <a href="/wiki/Balanced_Budget_Amendment" class="mw-redirect" title="Balanced Budget Amendment">Balanced Budget Amendment</a>, to limit deficit spending.<a href="#cite_note-Foley1-34">[34]</a> The Tea Party has sought to avoid placing emphasis on traditional conservative social issues. National Tea Party organizations, such as the <a href="/wiki/Tea_Party_Patriots" title="Tea Party Patriots">Tea Party Patriots</a> and <a href="/wiki/FreedomWorks" title="FreedomWorks">FreedomWorks</a>, have expressed concern that engaging in social issues would be divisive.<a href="#cite_note-Rauch1-42">[42]</a> Instead, they have sought to have activists focus their efforts away from social issues and focus on economic and limited government issues.<a href="#cite_note-AssocPress-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-nytimes.com-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> Still, many groups like <a href="/wiki/Glenn_Beck" title="Glenn Beck">Glenn Beck</a>'s 9/12 Tea Parties, TeaParty.org, the Iowa Tea Party and Delaware Patriot Organizations do act on social issues such as abortion, gun control, <a href="/wiki/School_prayer" title="School prayer">prayer in schools</a>, and illegal immigration.<a href="#cite_note-AssocPress-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-nytimes.com-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> One attempt at forming a list of what Tea Partiers wanted Congress to do resulted in the <a href="/wiki/Contract_from_America" title="Contract from America">Contract from America</a>. It was a legislative agenda created by conservative activist Ryan Hecker with the assistance of <a href="/wiki/Dick_Armey" title="Dick Armey">Dick Armey</a> of FreedomWorks. Armey had co-written with <a href="/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich">Newt Gingrich</a> the previous <a href="/wiki/Contract_with_America" title="Contract with America">Contract with America</a> released by the Republican Party during the 1994 midterm elections. One thousand agenda ideas that had been submitted were narrowed down to twenty-one non-social issues. Participants then voted in an online campaign in which they were asked to select their favorite policy planks. The results were released as a ten-point Tea Party platform.<a href="#cite_note-Davis-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-Davis2-55">[55]</a> The Contract from America was met with some support within the Republican Party, but it was not broadly embraced by GOP leadership, which released its own '<a href="/wiki/Pledge_to_America" title="Pledge to America">Pledge to America</a>'.<a href="#cite_note-Davis2-55">[55]</a> In the aftermath of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_elections,_2012" class="mw-redirect" title="United States elections, 2012">2012 American elections</a>, some Tea Party activists have taken up more traditionally populist ideological viewpoints on issues that are distinct from general conservative views. Examples are various Tea Party demonstrators sometimes coming out in favor of <a href="/wiki/Immigration_reform_in_the_United_States" title="Immigration reform in the United States">U.S. immigration reform</a> as well as for raising the <a href="/wiki/Minimum_wage_in_the_United_States" title="Minimum wage in the United States">U.S. minimum wage</a>.<a href="#cite_note-star-56">[56]</a> [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">dead link</a>‍] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_policy">Foreign policy</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_United_States" title="Foreign policy of the United States">Foreign policy of the United States</a></div> Historian and writer <a href="/wiki/Walter_Russell_Mead" title="Walter Russell Mead">Walter Russell Mead</a> analyzes the foreign policy views of the Tea Party movement in a 2011 essay published in <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Affairs" title="Foreign Affairs">Foreign Affairs</a>. Mead says that <a href="/wiki/Jacksonian_democracy" title="Jacksonian democracy">Jacksonian</a> populists, such as the Tea Party, combine a belief in <a href="/wiki/American_exceptionalism" title="American exceptionalism">American exceptionalism</a> and its role in the world with skepticism of American's "ability to create a liberal world order". When necessary, they favor "<a href="/wiki/Total_war" title="Total war">total war</a>" and unconditional surrender over "limited wars for limited goals". Mead identifies two main trends, one personified by former Texas Congressman <a href="/wiki/Ron_Paul" title="Ron Paul">Ron Paul</a> and the other by former Governor of Alaska <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Palin" title="Sarah Palin">Sarah Palin</a>. "Paulites" have a <a href="/wiki/Jeffersonian_democracy" title="Jeffersonian democracy">Jeffersonian</a> approach that seeks, if possible, to avoid foreign military involvement. "Palinites", while seeking to avoid being drawn into unnecessary conflicts, favor a more aggressive response to maintaining America's primacy in international relations. Mead says that both groups share a distaste for "liberal internationalism".<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> Some Tea Party-affiliated Republicans, such as <a href="/wiki/Michele_Bachmann" title="Michele Bachmann">Michele Bachmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Duncan_(politician)" title="Jeff Duncan (politician)">Jeff Duncan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Connie_Mack_IV" title="Connie Mack IV">Connie Mack IV</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Flake" title="Jeff Flake">Jeff Flake</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tim_Scott_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tim Scott (politician)">Tim Scott</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joe_Walsh_(Illinois_politician)" title="Joe Walsh (Illinois politician)">Joe Walsh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Allen_West_(politician)" title="Allen West (politician)">Allen West</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Jason_Chaffetz" title="Jason Chaffetz">Jason Chaffetz</a>, voted for <a href="/wiki/Progressivism_in_the_United_States" title="Progressivism in the United States">progressive</a> Congressman <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Kucinich" title="Dennis Kucinich">Dennis Kucinich</a>'s resolution to withdraw U.S. military personnel from <a href="/wiki/Libya" title="Libya">Libya</a>.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> In the Senate, three Tea Party backed Republicans, <a href="/wiki/Jim_DeMint" title="Jim DeMint">Jim DeMint</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mike_Lee" title="Mike Lee">Mike Lee</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Crapo" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Crapo">Michael Crapo</a>, voted to limit foreign aid to Libya, Pakistan and Egypt.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> Tea Partiers in both houses of Congress have shown willingness to cut foreign aid. Most leading figures within the Tea Party both within and outside Congress opposed military intervention in Syria.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organization">Organization</h2></div> The Tea Party movement is composed of a loose affiliation of national and local groups that determine their own platforms and agendas without central leadership. The Tea Party movement has both been cited as an example of <a href="/wiki/Grassroots" title="Grassroots">grassroots</a> political activity and has also been described as an example of corporate-funded activity made to appear as spontaneous community action, a practice known as "<a href="/wiki/Astroturfing" title="Astroturfing">astroturfing</a>".<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-Krugman_nyt-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-Pelosi_2010-03-02-64">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-Pelosi_2009-04-15-65">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> Other observers see the organization as having its grassroots element "amplified by the right-wing media", supported by elite funding.<a href="#cite_note-SkocpolWilliamson-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> The Tea Party movement is not a national political party; polls show that most Tea Partiers consider themselves to be Republicans<a href="#cite_note-Gallup_Poll-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> and the movement's supporters have tended to endorse Republican candidates.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> Commentators, including Gallup editor-in-chief Frank Newport, have suggested that the movement is not a new political group but simply a re-branding of traditional Republican candidates and policies.<a href="#cite_note-Gallup_Poll-69">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-myths-73">[73]</a> An October 2010 <a href="/wiki/Washington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Washington Post">Washington Post</a> canvass of local Tea Party organizers found 87% saying "dissatisfaction with mainstream Republican Party leaders" was "an important factor in the support the group has received so far".<a href="#cite_note-agwpostface-74">[74]</a> Tea Party activists have expressed support for <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican</a> politicians <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Palin" title="Sarah Palin">Sarah Palin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dick_Armey" title="Dick Armey">Dick Armey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Michele_Bachmann" title="Michele Bachmann">Michele Bachmann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marco_Rubio" title="Marco Rubio">Marco Rubio</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ted_Cruz" title="Ted Cruz">Ted Cruz</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In July 2010, Bachmann formed the <a href="/wiki/Tea_Party_Caucus" title="Tea Party Caucus">Tea Party</a> <a href="/wiki/Congressional_Caucus" class="mw-redirect" title="Congressional Caucus">Congressional Caucus</a>;<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> however, since July 16, 2012, the caucus has been defunct.<a href="#cite_note-house1-76">[76]</a> An article in <a href="/wiki/Politico_(newspaper)" class="mw-redirect" title="Politico (newspaper)">Politico</a> reported that many Tea Party activists were skeptical of the caucus, seeing it as an effort by the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a> to hijack the movement. Utah congressman <a href="/wiki/Jason_Chaffetz" title="Jason Chaffetz">Jason Chaffetz</a> refused to join the caucus, saying<blockquote>Structure and formality are the exact opposite of what the Tea Party is, and if there is an attempt to put structure and formality around it, or to co-opt it by Washington, D.C., it's going to take away from the free-flowing nature of the true Tea Party movement.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2></div> The name "Tea Party" is a reference to the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Tea_Party" title="Boston Tea Party">Boston Tea Party</a>, a protest in 1773 by colonists who objected to British taxation without representation, and demonstrated by dumping British tea taken from docked ships into the harbor. The event was one of the first in a series that led to the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Declaration_of_Independence" title="United States Declaration of Independence">United States Declaration of Independence</a> and the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a> that gave birth to American independence.<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> Some commentators have referred to the Tea in "Tea Party" as the <a href="/wiki/Backronym" title="Backronym">backronym</a> "Taxed Enough Already", though this did not appear until months after the first nationwide protests.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Tax_revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Tax revolt">Tax revolt</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Background">Background</h3></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boston_Tea_Party_Currier_colored.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Two ships in a harbor, one in the distance. On board, men stripped to the waist and wearing feathers in their hair throw crates of tea overboard. A large crowd, mostly men, stands on the dock, waving hats and cheering. A few people wave their hats from windows in a nearby building." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Boston_Tea_Party_Currier_colored.jpg/375px-Boston_Tea_Party_Currier_colored.jpg" decoding="async" width="375" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Boston_Tea_Party_Currier_colored.jpg/563px-Boston_Tea_Party_Currier_colored.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Boston_Tea_Party_Currier_colored.jpg/750px-Boston_Tea_Party_Currier_colored.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1789" data-file-height="1091" /></a><figcaption>The iconic 1846 lithograph by <a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Currier" title="Nathaniel Currier">Nathaniel Currier</a>, The Destruction of Tea at Boston Harbor; the phrase <a href="/wiki/Boston_Tea_Party" title="Boston Tea Party">Boston Tea Party</a> had not yet become standard and, contrary to Currier's depiction, few of the men dumping the tea were actually disguised as Native Americans.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a></figcaption></figure> References to the Boston Tea Party were part of <a href="/wiki/Tax_Day" title="Tax Day">Tax Day</a> protests held in the 1990s and before.<a href="#cite_note-UPI.com-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-Boca_Raton_News-81">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-Victoria_Advocate-82">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-nl.newsbank.com-83">[83]</a> In 1984, <a href="/wiki/David_H._Koch" class="mw-redirect" title="David H. Koch">David H. Koch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charles_G._Koch" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles G. Koch">Charles G. Koch</a> of <a href="/wiki/Koch_Industries" class="mw-redirect" title="Koch Industries">Koch Industries</a> founded <a href="/wiki/Citizens_for_a_Sound_Economy" title="Citizens for a Sound Economy">Citizens for a Sound Economy</a> (CSE), a conservative political group whose self-described mission was "to fight for less government, lower taxes, and less regulation." Congressman <a href="/wiki/Ron_Paul" title="Ron Paul">Ron Paul</a> was appointed as the first chairman of the organization. The CSE lobbied for policies favorable to corporations, particularly tobacco companies.<a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> In 2002, a Tea Party website was designed and published by the CSE at web address www.usteaparty.com, and stated "our US Tea Party is a national event, hosted continuously online and open to all Americans who feel our taxes are too high and the tax code is too complicated."<a href="#cite_note-qb-85">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> The site did not take off at the time.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> In 2003, <a href="/wiki/Dick_Armey" title="Dick Armey">Dick Armey</a> became the chairman of CSE after retiring from Congress.<a href="#cite_note-armey-88">[88]</a> In 2004, Citizens for a Sound Economy split into <a href="/wiki/FreedomWorks" title="FreedomWorks">FreedomWorks</a>, for 501c4 advocacy activity, and the <a href="/wiki/Americans_for_Prosperity" title="Americans for Prosperity">Americans for Prosperity</a> Foundation. Dick Armey stayed as chairman of FreedomWorks, while David Koch stayed as Chairman of the Americans for Prosperity Foundation. The two organizations would become key players in the Tea Party movement from 2009 onward.<a href="#cite_note-Pilkington-89">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-Mayer-90">[90]</a> Americans for Prosperity and FreedomWorks were "probably the leading partners" in the September 2009 Taxpayer March on Washington, also known as the "9/12 Tea Party", according to The Guardian.<a href="#cite_note-guardian20090918-91">[91]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Commentaries_on_origin">Commentaries on origin</h4></div> <a href="/wiki/Fox_News_Channel" class="mw-redirect" title="Fox News Channel">Fox News Channel</a> commentator <a href="/wiki/Juan_Williams" title="Juan Williams">Juan Williams</a> has said that the Tea Party movement emerged from the "ashes" of <a href="/wiki/Ron_Paul" title="Ron Paul">Ron Paul</a>'s 2008 presidential primary campaign.<a href="#cite_note-auto-92">[92]</a> Indeed, Ron Paul has stated that its origin was on December 16, 2007, when supporters held a 24-hour record breaking, "<a href="/wiki/Moneybomb" title="Moneybomb">moneybomb</a>" fundraising event on the <a href="/wiki/Boston_Tea_Party" title="Boston Tea Party">Boston Tea Party</a>'s 234th anniversary,<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> but that others, including Republicans, took over and changed some of the movement's core beliefs.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a><a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a> Writing for <a href="/wiki/Slate.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Slate.com">Slate.com</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dave_Weigel" class="mw-redirect" title="Dave Weigel">Dave Weigel</a> has argued in concurrence that, in his view, the "first modern Tea Party events occurred in December 2007, long before <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> took office, and they were organized by supporters of Rep. Ron Paul," with the movement expanding and gaining prominence in 2009.<a href="#cite_note-myths-73">[73]</a> (<a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> took office in January 2009.) Journalist <a href="/wiki/Joshua_Green_(journalist)" title="Joshua Green (journalist)">Joshua Green</a> has stated in <a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a> that while Ron Paul is not the Tea Party's founder, or its culturally resonant figure, he has become the "intellectual godfather" of the movement since many now agree with his long-held beliefs.<a href="#cite_note-Atlantic-96">[96]</a> Journalist <a href="/wiki/Jane_Mayer" title="Jane Mayer">Jane Mayer</a> has said that the <a href="/wiki/Koch_brothers" class="mw-redirect" title="Koch brothers">Koch brothers</a> were essential in funding and strengthening the movement, through groups such as <a href="/wiki/Americans_for_Prosperity" title="Americans for Prosperity">Americans for Prosperity</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Mayer-90">[90]</a> In 2013, a study published in the journal Tobacco Control concluded that organizations within the movement were connected with non-profit organizations that the tobacco industry and other corporate interests worked with and provided funding for,<a href="#cite_note-qb-85">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> including the group <a href="/wiki/Citizens_for_a_Sound_Economy" title="Citizens for a Sound Economy">Citizens for a Sound Economy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Brendan_DeMelle_2013-98">[98]</a> <a href="/wiki/Al_Gore" title="Al Gore">Al Gore</a> cited the study and said that the connections between "market fundamentalists", the tobacco industry and the Tea Party could be traced to a 1971 memo from tobacco lawyer <a href="/wiki/Lewis_F._Powell,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Lewis F. Powell, Jr.">Lewis F. Powell, Jr.</a> who advocated more political power for corporations. Gore said that the Tea Party is an extension of this political strategy "to promote corporate profit at the expense of the public good."<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> Former governor of <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a> and vice presidential candidate <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Palin" title="Sarah Palin">Sarah Palin</a>, keynoting a Tea Party Tax Day protest at the state capital in <a href="/wiki/Madison,_Wisconsin" title="Madison, Wisconsin">Madison, Wisconsin</a> on April 15, 2011, reflected on the origins of the Tea Party movement and credited President Barack Obama, saying "And speaking of President Obama, I think we ought to pay tribute to him today at this Tax Day Tea Party because really he's the inspiration for why we're here today. That's right. The Tea Party Movement wouldn't exist without Barack Obama."<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> Charles Homans of <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> said that the Tea Party arose in response to the "unpopularity of the George W. Bush administration", which caused "a moment of crisis for the Republican Party."<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_local_protest_events">Early local protest events</h3></div> On January 24, 2009, Trevor Leach, chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Young_Americans_for_Liberty" title="Young Americans for Liberty">Young Americans for Liberty</a> in New York State, organized the <a href="/wiki/Binghamton" class="mw-redirect" title="Binghamton">Binghamton</a> Tea Party, to protest <a href="/wiki/Fat_tax" title="Fat tax">obesity taxes</a> proposed by New York Governor <a href="/wiki/David_Paterson" title="David Paterson">David Paterson</a> and call for fiscal responsibility on the part of the government.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> The protestors emptied bottles of soda into the <a href="/wiki/Susquehanna_River" title="Susquehanna River">Susquehanna River</a>, and several of them wore Native American headdresses, similar to the band of 18th century colonists who dumped tea in Boston Harbor to express outrage about British taxes.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> Some of the protests were partially in response to several federal laws: the Bush administration's <a href="/wiki/Emergency_Economic_Stabilization_Act_of_2008" title="Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008">Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008</a>,<a href="#cite_note-post_gazette-105">[105]</a> and the Obama administration's economic stimulus package the <a href="/wiki/American_Recovery_and_Reinvestment_Act_of_2009" title="American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009">American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009</a><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-106">[106]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Healthcare_reform_in_the_United_States#Future_of_the_reform:_Provisions_of_the_legislation_signed_in_March_2010" title="Healthcare reform in the United States">healthcare reform legislation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-tpmdc.talkingpointsmemo.com-11">[11]</a> New York Times journalist <a href="/wiki/Kate_Zernike" title="Kate Zernike">Kate Zernike</a> reported that leaders within the Tea Party credit <a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a> blogger and conservative activist <a href="/wiki/Keli_Carender" title="Keli Carender">Keli Carender</a> with organizing the first Tea Party in February 2009, although the term "Tea Party" was not used.<a href="#cite_note-Zernike-107">[107]</a> Other articles, written by Chris Good of <a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a><a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> and <a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a>'s Martin Kaste,<a href="#cite_note-Kaste-109">[109]</a> credit Carender as "one of the first" Tea Party organizers and state that she "organized some of the earliest Tea Party-style protests". Carender first organized what she called a "Porkulus Protest" in <a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a> on <a href="/wiki/Presidents_Day_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidents Day (United States)">Presidents Day</a>, February 16, the day before President <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> signed the <a href="/wiki/American_Recovery_and_Reinvestment_Act_of_2009" title="American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009">stimulus bill</a> into law.<a href="#cite_note-Seattleprotest_KIROtv-110">[110]</a> Carender said she did it without support from outside groups or city officials. "I just got fed up and planned it." Carender said 120 people participated. "Which is amazing for the <a href="/wiki/Red_states_and_blue_states" title="Red states and blue states">bluest</a> of blue cities I live in, and on only four days notice! This was due to me spending the entire four days calling and emailing every person, think tank, policy center, university professors (that were sympathetic), etc. in town, and not stopping until the day came."<a href="#cite_note-Zernike-107">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-meet_keli_carender-111">[111]</a> Contacted by Carender, <a href="/wiki/Steve_Beren" title="Steve Beren">Steve Beren</a> promoted the event on his blog four days before the protest<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> and agreed to be a speaker at the rally.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> Carender also contacted <a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Conservatism in the United States">conservative</a> author and <a href="/wiki/Fox_News_Channel" class="mw-redirect" title="Fox News Channel">Fox News Channel</a> contributor <a href="/wiki/Michelle_Malkin" title="Michelle Malkin">Michelle Malkin</a>, and asked her to publicize the rally on her blog, which Malkin did the day before the event.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> The following day, the Colorado branch of <a href="/wiki/Americans_for_Prosperity" title="Americans for Prosperity">Americans for Prosperity</a> held a protest at the <a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a> Capitol, also promoted by Malkin.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> Carender held a second protest on February 27, 2009, reporting "We more than doubled our attendance at this one."<a href="#cite_note-Zernike-107">[107]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_national_protests_and_birth_of_national_movement">First national protests and birth of national movement</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tea_Party_Protest_in_Dallas,_Texas_-_April,_2009.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Tea_Party_Protest_in_Dallas%2C_Texas_-_April%2C_2009.jpg/220px-Tea_Party_Protest_in_Dallas%2C_Texas_-_April%2C_2009.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Tea_Party_Protest_in_Dallas%2C_Texas_-_April%2C_2009.jpg/330px-Tea_Party_Protest_in_Dallas%2C_Texas_-_April%2C_2009.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Tea_Party_Protest_in_Dallas%2C_Texas_-_April%2C_2009.jpg/440px-Tea_Party_Protest_in_Dallas%2C_Texas_-_April%2C_2009.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3763" data-file-height="2688" /></a><figcaption>A Tea Party protest in <a href="/wiki/Dallas" title="Dallas">Dallas</a> in April 2009</figcaption></figure> On February 18, 2009, the one-month old Obama administration announced the <a href="/wiki/Homeowners_Affordability_and_Stability_Plan" title="Homeowners Affordability and Stability Plan">Homeowners Affordability and Stability Plan</a>, an economic recovery plan to help home owners avoid foreclosure by refinancing mortgages in the wake of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Recession_in_the_United_States" title="Great Recession in the United States">Great Recession</a>. The next day, <a href="/wiki/CNBC" title="CNBC">CNBC</a> business news editor <a href="/wiki/Rick_Santelli" title="Rick Santelli">Rick Santelli</a> criticized the Plan in a live broadcast from the floor of the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Mercantile_Exchange" title="Chicago Mercantile Exchange">Chicago Mercantile Exchange</a>. He said that those plans were "promoting bad behavior" by "subsidizing losers' mortgages". He suggested holding a tea party for traders to gather and dump the derivatives in the <a href="/wiki/Chicago_River" title="Chicago River">Chicago River</a> on July 1. "President Obama, are you listening?" he asked.<a href="#cite_note-McGrath-116">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a><a href="#cite_note-cnbc-119">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-chicagotribune2-120">[120]</a> A number of the floor traders around him cheered on his proposal, to the amusement of the hosts in the studio. Santelli's "rant" became a <a href="/wiki/Viral_video" title="Viral video">viral video</a> after being featured on the <a href="/wiki/Drudge_Report" title="Drudge Report">Drudge Report</a>.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> Beth McGrath of <a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a> and Kate Zernike of <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> report that this where the Tea Party movement was first inspired to coalesce under the collective banner of "Tea Party".<a href="#cite_note-Zernike-107">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-McGrath-116">[116]</a> Santelli's remarks "set the fuse to the modern anti-Obama Tea Party movement," according to journalist <a href="/wiki/Lee_Fang" title="Lee Fang">Lee Fang</a>.<a href="#cite_note-themachine-122">[122]</a> About 10 hours after Santelli's remarks, reTeaParty.com was bought to coordinate Tea Parties scheduled for <a href="/wiki/Independence_Day_(United_States)" title="Independence Day (United States)">Independence Day</a> and, as of March 4, was reported to be receiving 11,000 visitors a day.<a href="#cite_note-cbs-123">[123]</a> Within hours, the conservative <a href="/wiki/Political_advocacy_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Political advocacy group">political advocacy group</a> <a href="/wiki/Americans_for_Prosperity" title="Americans for Prosperity">Americans for Prosperity</a> registered the <a href="/wiki/Domain_name" title="Domain name">domain name</a> "TaxDayTeaParty.com", and launched a website calling for protests against Obama.<a href="#cite_note-themachine-122">[122]</a> Overnight, websites such as "ChicagoTeaParty.com" (registered in August 2008 by Chicagoan Zack Christenson, radio producer for conservative talk show host <a href="/wiki/Milt_Rosenberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Milt Rosenberg">Milt Rosenberg</a>) were live within 12 hours.<a href="#cite_note-cbs-123">[123]</a> By the next day, guests on Fox News had already begun to mention this new "Tea Party".<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> As reported by <a href="/wiki/The_Huffington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="The Huffington Post">The Huffington Post</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a> page was developed on February 20 calling for Tea Party protests across the country.<a href="#cite_note-huffingtonpost.com-125">[125]</a> A "Nationwide Chicago Tea Party" protest was coordinated across more than 40 different cities for February 27, 2009, establishing the first national modern Tea Party protest.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a><a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a> The movement has been supported nationally by at least 12 prominent individuals and their associated organizations.<a href="#cite_note-leaderstowatch-128">[128]</a> Fox News called many of the protests in 2009 "FNC Tax Day Tea Parties" which it promoted on air and sent speakers to.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a> This was to include then-host Glenn Beck, though Fox came to discourage him from attending later events.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health_care_bill">Health care bill</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Patient_Protection_and_Affordable_Care_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act">Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act</a></div> Opposition to the <a href="/wiki/Patient_Protection_and_Affordable_Care_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act">Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act</a> (PPACA) has been consistent within the Tea Party movement.<a href="#cite_note-tpmdc.talkingpointsmemo.com-11">[11]</a> The scheme has often been referred to as 'Obamacare' by critics, but was soon adopted as well by many of its advocates, including President Obama. This has been an aspect of an overall <a href="/wiki/Political_dissent" title="Political dissent">anti-government</a> message throughout Tea Party <a href="/wiki/Rhetoric" title="Rhetoric">rhetoric</a> that includes opposition to <a href="/wiki/Gun_control_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Gun control in the United States">gun control</a> measures and to federal spending increases.<a href="#cite_note-star-56">[56]</a> Activism by Tea Party people against the major health-care reform law from 2009 to 2014 has, according to the <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_Star" class="mw-redirect" title="Kansas City Star">Kansas City Star</a>, focused on pushing for Congressional victories so that a repeal measure would pass both houses and that President Obama's <a href="/wiki/U.S._Presidential_veto" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Presidential veto">veto</a> could be overridden. Some conservative public officials and commentators such as columnist <a href="/wiki/Ramesh_Ponnuru" title="Ramesh Ponnuru">Ramesh Ponnuru</a> have criticized these views as completely unrealistic with the chances of overriding a <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_presidential_vetoes" title="List of United States presidential vetoes">Presidential veto</a> being slim, with Ponnuru stating that "If you have in 2017 a Republican government... and it doesn't get rid of Obamacare, then I think that is a huge political disaster".<a href="#cite_note-star-56">[56]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="U.S._elections">U.S. elections</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tea_Party_in_U.S._elections" class="mw-redirect" title="Tea Party in U.S. elections">Tea Party in U.S. elections</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Mama_grizzly" title="Mama grizzly">Mama grizzly</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bachmann2011.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Bachmann2011.jpg/220px-Bachmann2011.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Bachmann2011.jpg/330px-Bachmann2011.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/Bachmann2011.jpg/440px-Bachmann2011.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2047" data-file-height="2559" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Michele_Bachmann" title="Michele Bachmann">Michele Bachmann</a>, Republican in Congress from Minnesota, 2007 to 2015</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tim_Scott,_official_portrait,_113th_Congress.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Tim_Scott%2C_official_portrait%2C_113th_Congress.jpg/220px-Tim_Scott%2C_official_portrait%2C_113th_Congress.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="279" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Tim_Scott%2C_official_portrait%2C_113th_Congress.jpg/330px-Tim_Scott%2C_official_portrait%2C_113th_Congress.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Tim_Scott%2C_official_portrait%2C_113th_Congress.jpg/440px-Tim_Scott%2C_official_portrait%2C_113th_Congress.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="3040" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tim_Scott" title="Tim Scott">Tim Scott</a>, Republican U.S. senator from South Carolina since 2013</figcaption></figure> Aside from rallies, some groups affiliated with the Tea Party movement began to focus on getting out the vote and ground game efforts on behalf of candidates supportive of their agenda starting in the 2010 elections. In the 2010 midterm elections, The New York Times identified 138 candidates for Congress with significant Tea Party support, and reported that all of them were running as Republicans—of whom 129 were running for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">House</a> and 9 for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">Senate</a>.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a> A poll by <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a> and <a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a> in mid October showed 35% of likely voters were Tea-party supporters, and they favored the Republicans by 84% to 10%.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a> The first Tea Party affiliated candidate to be elected into office is believed to be Dean Murray, a <a href="/wiki/Long_Island" title="Long Island">Long Island</a> businessman, who won a special election for a New York State Assembly seat in February 2010.<a href="#cite_note-Murray-134">[134]</a> According to statistics on an NBC blog, overall, 32% of the candidates that were backed by the Tea Party or identified themselves as Tea Party participants won election in 2010. Tea Party supported candidates won 5 of 10 Senate races (50%) contested, and 40 of 130 House races (31%) contested.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a> In the primaries for <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_election_in_Colorado,_2010" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate election in Colorado, 2010">Colorado</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_election_in_Nevada,_2010" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate election in Nevada, 2010">Nevada</a> and <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_election_in_Delaware,_2010" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate election in Delaware, 2010">Delaware</a> the Tea-party backed Senate Republican nominees defeated "establishment" Republicans that had been expected to win their respective Senate races, but went on to lose in the general election to their Democratic opponents.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a> The movement played a major role in the <a href="/wiki/2010_United_States_elections" title="2010 United States elections">2010 wave election</a><a href="#cite_note-auto4-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-auto3-4">[4]</a> in which Republicans gained 63 House seats<a href="#cite_note-auto5-5">[5]</a> and took control of the U.S. House of Representatives.<a href="#cite_note-auto2-6">[6]</a> The Tea Party is generally associated with the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a>.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a> Most politicians with the "Tea Party brand" have run as Republicans. In recent elections in the 2010s, Republican primaries have been the site of competitions between the more conservative, Tea Party wing of the party and the more moderate, establishment wing of the party. The Tea Party has incorporated various conservative internal factions of the Republican Party to become a major force within the party.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a> Tea Party candidates were less successful in the 2012 election, winning four of 16 Senate races contested, and losing approximately 20% of the seats in the House that had been gained in 2010. Tea Party Caucus founder Michele Bachmann was re-elected to the House by a narrow margin.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a> A May 2014 <a href="/wiki/Kansas_City_Star" class="mw-redirect" title="Kansas City Star">Kansas City Star</a> article remarked about the Tea Party movement post-2012, "Tea party candidates are often inexperienced and sometimes underfunded. More traditional Republicans—hungry for a win—are emphasizing electability over philosophy, particularly after high-profile losses in 2012. Some in the GOP have made that strategy explicit."<a href="#cite_note-star-56">[56]</a> In June 2014, Tea Party favorite <a href="/wiki/Dave_Brat" title="Dave Brat">Dave Brat</a> unseated the sitting GOP <a href="/wiki/House_Majority_Leader" class="mw-redirect" title="House Majority Leader">House Majority Leader</a> <a href="/wiki/Eric_Cantor" title="Eric Cantor">Eric Cantor</a>. Brat had previously been known as an <a href="/wiki/Economist" title="Economist">economist</a> and a professor at <a href="/wiki/Randolph%E2%80%93Macon_College" title="Randolph–Macon College">Randolph–Macon College</a>, running a grassroots conservative campaign that espoused greater fiscal restraint and his <a href="/wiki/Milton_Friedman" title="Milton Friedman">Milton Friedman</a>-based viewpoints.<a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a> Brat has since won the seat by a comfortable margin until losing his reelection in 2018. In November 2014, <a href="/wiki/Tim_Scott" title="Tim Scott">Tim Scott</a> became the first African-American member of the U.S. Senate from the South since the <a href="/wiki/Reconstruction_Era" class="mw-redirect" title="Reconstruction Era">reconstruction era</a>, winning the <a href="/wiki/South_Carolina" title="South Carolina">South Carolina</a> seat formerly held by <a href="/wiki/Jim_DeMint" title="Jim DeMint">Jim DeMint</a> in a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_special_election_in_South_Carolina,_2014" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate special election in South Carolina, 2014">special election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-SC_elects-142">[142]</a> In the 2014 elections in <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a>, the Tea Party made large gains, with numerous Tea Party favorites being elected into office, including <a href="/wiki/Dan_Patrick_(politician)" title="Dan Patrick (politician)">Dan Patrick</a> as <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_Governor_of_Texas" title="Lieutenant Governor of Texas">Lieutenant Governor</a><a href="#cite_note-Holdssway-143">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ken_Paxton" title="Ken Paxton">Ken Paxton</a> as <a href="/wiki/Attorney_General_of_Texas" class="mw-redirect" title="Attorney General of Texas">Attorney General</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Holdssway-143">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-Grissom-145">[145]</a> in addition to numerous other candidates.<a href="#cite_note-Grissom-145">[145]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/Kentucky_gubernatorial_election,_2015" class="mw-redirect" title="Kentucky gubernatorial election, 2015">2015 Kentucky gubernatorial election</a>, <a href="/wiki/Matt_Bevin" title="Matt Bevin">Matt Bevin</a>, a Tea Party favorite who challenged <a href="/wiki/Mitch_McConnell" title="Mitch McConnell">Mitch McConnell</a> in the Republican primary in the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_election_in_Kentucky,_2014" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate election in Kentucky, 2014">2014 Kentucky Senate election</a>,<a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a> won with over 52% of the vote, despite fears that he was too extreme for the state.<a href="#cite_note-Sweat-147">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a> Bevin is the second Republican in 44 years to be <a href="/wiki/Governor_of_Kentucky" title="Governor of Kentucky">Governor of Kentucky</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Sweat-147">[147]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="IRS_controversy">IRS controversy</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/2013_IRS_controversy" class="mw-redirect" title="2013 IRS controversy">2013 IRS controversy</a> and <a href="/wiki/Linchpins_of_Liberty_v._United_States" title="Linchpins of Liberty v. United States">Linchpins of Liberty v. United States</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lois_Lerner_testifying_before_US_House_Oversight_Cmte_in_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Lois_Lerner_testifying_before_US_House_Oversight_Cmte_in_2014.jpg/220px-Lois_Lerner_testifying_before_US_House_Oversight_Cmte_in_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Lois_Lerner_testifying_before_US_House_Oversight_Cmte_in_2014.jpg/330px-Lois_Lerner_testifying_before_US_House_Oversight_Cmte_in_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Lois_Lerner_testifying_before_US_House_Oversight_Cmte_in_2014.jpg/440px-Lois_Lerner_testifying_before_US_House_Oversight_Cmte_in_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="3752" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lois_Lerner" title="Lois Lerner">Lois Lerner</a>, facing allegations of targeting Tea Party organizations in the <a href="/wiki/2013_IRS_controversy" class="mw-redirect" title="2013 IRS controversy">2013 IRS controversy</a>, testifies before the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_Committee_on_Oversight_and_Government_Reform" class="mw-redirect" title="United States House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform">United States House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform</a> in March 2014.</figcaption></figure> In May 2013, the <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> reported that the <a href="/wiki/Internal_Revenue_Service" title="Internal Revenue Service">Internal Revenue Service</a> (IRS) flagged Tea Party groups and other conservative groups for review of their applications for tax-exempt status during the 2012 election. This led to both political and public condemnation of the agency, and triggered multiple investigations.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a> Some groups were asked for donor lists, which is usually a violation of IRS policy. Groups were also asked for details about family members and about their postings on social networking sites. <a href="/wiki/Lois_Lerner" title="Lois Lerner">Lois Lerner</a>, head of the IRS division that oversees tax-exempt groups, apologized on behalf of the IRS and stated, "That was wrong. That was absolutely incorrect, it was insensitive and it was inappropriate."<a href="#cite_note-IRS-151">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYTIRS-152">[152]</a> Testifying before Congress in March 2012, IRS Commissioner Douglas Shulman denied that the groups were being targeted based on their political views.<a href="#cite_note-IRS-151">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYTIRS-152">[152]</a> Senator <a href="/wiki/Orrin_Hatch" title="Orrin Hatch">Orrin Hatch</a> of Utah, the ranking Republican on the Senate Finance Committee, rejected the apology as insufficient, demanding "ironclad guarantees from the I.R.S. that it will adopt significant protocols to ensure this kind of harassment of groups that have a constitutional right to express their own views never happens again."<a href="#cite_note-NYTIRS-152">[152]</a> The resulting Senate subcommittee report ultimately found there had been "no bias", though Republican committeemembers filed a dissenting report.<a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/Treasury_Inspector_General_for_Tax_Administration" title="Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration">Treasury Inspector General for Tax Administration</a>, 18% of the conservative groups that had Tea Party or other related terms in their names flagged for extra scrutiny by the IRS had no evidence of political activity.<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a> <a href="/wiki/Michael_Hiltzik" title="Michael Hiltzik">Michael Hiltzik</a>, writing in the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a>, stated that evidence put forth in the House report indicated the IRS had been struggling to apply complicated new rules to nonprofits that may have been involved in political activity, and had also flagged liberal-sounding groups.<a href="#cite_note-Hiltzik-155">[155]</a> Of all the groups flagged, the only one to lose tax exempt status was a group that trains Democratic women to run for office.<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a> After a two-year investigation, the Justice Department announced in October 2015 that "We found no evidence that any IRS official acted based on political, discriminatory, corrupt, or other inappropriate motives that would support a criminal prosecution."<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a> On October 25, 2017, the <a href="/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidency of Donald Trump">Trump Administration</a> settled with a Consent Order for the case <a href="/wiki/Linchpins_of_Liberty_v._United_States" title="Linchpins of Liberty v. United States">Linchpins of Liberty v. United States</a>; the IRS consented to express "its sincere apology" for singling out the plaintiff for aggressive scrutiny, stating, "The IRS admits that its treatment of Plaintiffs during the tax-exempt determinations process, including screening their applications based on their names or policy positions, subjecting those applications to heightened scrutiny and inordinate delays, and demanding of some Plaintiffs' information that TIGTA determined was unnecessary to the agency's determination of their tax-exempt status, was wrong. For such treatment, the IRS expresses its sincere apology." That same month, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Treasury" title="United States Department of the Treasury">Treasury Department</a>'s inspector general reported that the I.R.S. had also targeted liberal groups, flagging organization names with terms that included "Progressive" and "Occupy".<a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a><a href="#cite_note-159">[159]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Role_in_the_2016_presidential_election">Role in the 2016 presidential election</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ted_Cruz_by_Gage_Skidmore_7.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Ted_Cruz_by_Gage_Skidmore_7.jpg/220px-Ted_Cruz_by_Gage_Skidmore_7.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Ted_Cruz_by_Gage_Skidmore_7.jpg/330px-Ted_Cruz_by_Gage_Skidmore_7.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Ted_Cruz_by_Gage_Skidmore_7.jpg/440px-Ted_Cruz_by_Gage_Skidmore_7.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ted_Cruz" title="Ted Cruz">Ted Cruz</a> speaking at an event hosted by the Iowa Republican Party in October 2015</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/2016_United_States_presidential_election" title="2016 United States presidential election">2016 United States presidential election</a></div> The presidential candidate <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> praised the Tea Party movement throughout his 2016 campaign.<a href="#cite_note-auto1-160">[160]</a> In August 2015, he told a Tea Party gathering in <a href="/wiki/Nashville,_Tennessee" title="Nashville, Tennessee">Nashville</a> that "The tea party people are incredible people. These are people who work hard and love the country and they get beat up all the time by the media."<a href="#cite_note-auto1-160">[160]</a> In a January 2016 <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a> poll at the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/2016_Republican_primary" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 Republican primary">2016 Republican primary</a>, Trump led all Republican candidates modestly among self-identified Tea Party voters with 37 percent supporting Trump and 34 percent supporting <a href="/wiki/Ted_Cruz" title="Ted Cruz">Ted Cruz</a>.<a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a> Several commentators, including <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Chait" title="Jonathan Chait">Jonathan Chait</a>,<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jenny_Beth_Martin" title="Jenny Beth Martin">Jenny Beth Martin</a>,<a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-Alive&Well-164">[164]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Palin" title="Sarah Palin">Sarah Palin</a>, argued that the Tea Party played a key role in the election of <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> as the Republican Party presidential nominee, and eventually as U.S. president, and that Trump's election was even the culmination of the Tea Party and anti-establishment dissatisfaction associated with it. Martin stated after the election that "with the victory of Donald Trump, the values and principles that gave rise to the tea party movement in 2009 are finally gaining the top seat of power in the White House."<a href="#cite_note-Alive&Well-164">[164]</a> On the other hand, other commentators, including Paul H. Jossey,<a href="#cite_note-Jossey-165">[165]</a> a conservative campaign finance attorney, and <a href="/wiki/Jim_Geraghty" title="Jim Geraghty">Jim Geraghty</a> of the conservative <a href="/wiki/National_Review" title="National Review">National Review</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Geraghty-166">[166]</a> believed that the Tea Party to be dead or in decline. Jossey, for example, argued that the Tea Party "began as an organic, policy-driven grass-roots movement" but was ultimately "drained of its vitality and resources by national <a href="/wiki/Political_action_committee" title="Political action committee">political action committees</a> that dunned the movement's true believers endlessly for money to support its candidates and causes."<a href="#cite_note-Jossey-165">[165]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Decline">Decline</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red_Asia_Australia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (June 2018)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> Tea Party activities began to decline in 2010.<a href="#cite_note-HuffPostDec-167">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-DBDec-168">[168]</a> According to Harvard professor <a href="/wiki/Theda_Skocpol" title="Theda Skocpol">Theda Skocpol</a>, the number of Tea Party chapters across the country slipped from about 1,000 to 600 between 2009 and 2012, but that this is still "a very good survival rate." Mostly, Tea Party organizations are said to have shifted away from national demonstrations to local issues.<a href="#cite_note-HuffPostDec-167">[167]</a> A shift in the operational approach used by the Tea Party has also affected the movement's visibility, with chapters placing more emphasis on the mechanics of policy and getting candidates elected rather than staging public events.<a href="#cite_note-csmonitor.com-169">[169]</a><a href="#cite_note-MSNBC-170">[170]</a> The Tea Party's involvement in the <a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_presidential_primaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Republican Party presidential primaries">2012 GOP presidential primaries</a> was minimal, owing to divisions over whom to endorse as well as lack of enthusiasm for all the candidates.<a href="#cite_note-DBDec-168">[168]</a> However, the 2012 GOP ticket did have an influence on the Tea Party: following the selection of <a href="/wiki/Paul_Ryan" title="Paul Ryan">Paul Ryan</a> as <a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney" title="Mitt Romney">Mitt Romney</a>'s vice-presidential running mate, <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> declared that the once fringe of the conservative coalition, Tea Party lawmakers are now "indisputably at the core of the modern Republican Party."<a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a> Though the Tea Party has had a large influence on the Republican Party, it has attracted major criticism by public figures within the Republican coalition as well. Then-<a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="Speaker of the United States House of Representatives">Speaker of the House</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Boehner" title="John Boehner">John Boehner</a> particularly condemned many Tea Party-connected politicians for their behavior during the <a href="/wiki/United_States_debt-ceiling_crisis_of_2013" class="mw-redirect" title="United States debt-ceiling crisis of 2013">2013 U.S. debt ceiling crisis</a>. "I think they're misleading their followers," Boehner was publicly quoted as saying, "They're pushing our members in places where they don't want to be, and frankly I just think that they've lost all credibility." In the words of <a href="/wiki/The_Kansas_City_Star" title="The Kansas City Star">The Kansas City Star</a>, Boehner "stamped out Tea Party resistance to extending the debt ceiling... worried that his party's prospects would be damaged by adherence to the Tea Party's preference for default".<a href="#cite_note-star-56">[56]</a> One 2013 survey found that, in political terms, 20% of self-identified Republicans stated that they considered themselves as part of the Tea Party movement.<a href="#cite_note-Richardson-172">[172]</a> Tea Party participants rallied at the U.S. Capitol on February 27, 2014; their demonstrations celebrated the fifth anniversary of the movement coming together.<a href="#cite_note-realspin-23">[23]</a> By 2016, <a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a> noted that the Tea Party movement was essentially completely dead; however, the article noted that the movement seemed to die in part because some of its ideas had been absorbed by the mainstream Republican Party.<a href="#cite_note-:1-31">[31]</a> By 2019, it was reported that the conservative wing of the Republican Party "has basically shed the tea party moniker."<a href="#cite_note-:0-32">[32]</a> Multiple sources identified remnants of the Tea Party movement as being among the participants of the <a href="/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack" title="January 6 United States Capitol attack">January 6 United States Capitol attack</a> in 2021.<a href="#cite_note-List1-173">[173]</a> Dr. Geoffrey Kabaservice argued in 2020 that the Tea Party's <blockquote>characteristic mistrust of norms was evident from the beginning in its embrace of birtherism, the racist conspiracy theory that claimed without evidence that Obama was secretly a foreign-born Muslim and ineligible for the presidency. Social media accelerated the spread of such conspiratorial beliefs, which further dissolved trust in established institutions and objective truth....the tea party never really died; its energies were reactivated with the presidential campaign of Donald Trump — who of course was the leading purveyor of birtherism.....both the tea party and Trump's movement also were rooted in fact-free conspiracy theories about the treachery of Democrats and elites, who allegedly plotted to destroy the livelihoods and traditions of "real Americans" for their own benefit.<a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Composition">Composition</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_politicians_affiliated_with_the_Tea_Party_movement" title="List of politicians affiliated with the Tea Party movement">List of politicians affiliated with the Tea Party movement</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TeaPartyRally_-_Searchlight,_Nevada.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/TeaPartyRally_-_Searchlight%2C_Nevada.jpg/220px-TeaPartyRally_-_Searchlight%2C_Nevada.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/TeaPartyRally_-_Searchlight%2C_Nevada.jpg/330px-TeaPartyRally_-_Searchlight%2C_Nevada.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/TeaPartyRally_-_Searchlight%2C_Nevada.jpg/440px-TeaPartyRally_-_Searchlight%2C_Nevada.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="466" /></a><figcaption>A March 2010 Tea Party movement rally in <a href="/wiki/Searchlight,_Nevada" title="Searchlight, Nevada">Searchlight, Nevada</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Demographics">Demographics</h3></div> Several polls have been conducted on the demographics of the movement. Though the various polls sometimes turn up slightly different results, they tend to show that Tea Party supporters tend more likely, than Americans overall, to be <a href="/wiki/White_American" class="mw-redirect" title="White American">white</a>, male, married, older than 45, regularly attending religious services, conservative, and to be more wealthy and have more education.<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a><a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a><a href="#cite_note-vogel1-178">[178]</a><a href="#cite_note-quinnipiac1-179">[179]</a> Broadly speaking, multiple surveys have found between 10% and 30% of Americans identified as members of the Tea Party movement.<a href="#cite_note-realspin-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a> Most Republicans and 20% of Democrats support the movement according to one Washington Post–<a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)" title="ABC News (United States)">ABC News</a> poll.<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a>, the three main groups that provide guidance and organization for the protests, <a href="/wiki/FreedomWorks" title="FreedomWorks">FreedomWorks</a>, <a href="/wiki/DontGO" class="mw-redirect" title="DontGO">dontGO</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Americans_for_Prosperity" title="Americans for Prosperity">Americans for Prosperity</a>, state that the demonstrations are an organic movement.<a href="#cite_note-who-182">[182]</a> Conservative political strategist <a href="/wiki/Tim_Phillips_(political_strategist)" title="Tim Phillips (political strategist)">Tim Phillips</a>, now head of Americans for Prosperity, has remarked that the Republican Party is "too disorganized and unsure of itself to pull this off".<a href="#cite_note-rebel-183">[183]</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Christian_Science_Monitor" title="The Christian Science Monitor">The Christian Science Monitor</a> has reported that Tea Party activists "have been called neo-Klansmen and knuckle-dragging hillbillies", adding that "demonizing tea party activists tends to energize the Democrats' left-of-center base" and that "polls suggest that tea party activists are not only more mainstream than many critics suggest",<a href="#cite_note-Jonsson040310-184">[184]</a> but that a majority of them are women, not angry white men.<a href="#cite_note-Jonsson040310-184">[184]</a><a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a> The article quoted <a href="/wiki/Juan_Williams" title="Juan Williams">Juan Williams</a> as saying that the Tea Party's opposition to health reform was based on self-interest rather than racism.<a href="#cite_note-Jonsson040310-184">[184]</a> A <a href="/wiki/The_Gallup_Organization" class="mw-redirect" title="The Gallup Organization">Gallup</a> poll conducted in March 2010 found that—other than gender, income and politics—self-described Tea Party members were demographically similar to the population as a whole.<a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a> A 2014 article from <a href="/wiki/Forbes.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Forbes.com">Forbes.com</a> stated that the Tea Party's membership appears reminiscent of the people who supported independent <a href="/wiki/Ross_Perot" title="Ross Perot">Ross Perot</a>'s presidential campaigns in the 1990s.<a href="#cite_note-realspin-23">[23]</a> When surveying supporters or participants of the Tea Party movement, polls have shown that they are to a very great extent more likely to be registered Republican, have a favorable opinion of the Republican Party and an unfavorable opinion of the Democratic Party.<a href="#cite_note-quinnipiac1-179">[179]</a><a href="#cite_note-nytimes1-188">[188]</a><a href="#cite_note-WinstonPoll-189">[189]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_L.P." title="Bloomberg L.P.">Bloomberg National Poll</a> of adults 18 and over showed that 40% of Tea Party supporters are 55 or older, compared with 32% of all poll respondents; 79% are white, 61% are men and 44% identify as "<a href="/wiki/Born_again_(Christianity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Born again (Christianity)">born-again Christians</a>",<a href="#cite_note-bloomberg_03-2010-190">[190]</a> compared with 75%,<a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a> 48.5%,<a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a> and 34%<a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a> for the general population, respectively. According to Susan Page and Naomi Jagoda of <a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a> in 2010, the Tea Party was more "a frustrated state of mind" than "a classic political movement".<a href="#cite_note-PageNaomi-194">[194]</a> Tea party participants "are more likely to be married and a bit older than the nation as a whole".<a href="#cite_note-PageNaomi-194">[194]</a> They are predominantly white, but other groups make up just under one-fourth of their ranks.<a href="#cite_note-PageNaomi-194">[194]</a> They believe that the federal government has become too large and powerful.<a href="#cite_note-PageNaomi-194">[194]</a> Surveys of Republican primary voters in the South in 2012 show that Tea Party supporters were not driven by racial animosity. Instead there was a strong positive relationship with religious evangelicalism. Tea Party supporters were older, male, poorer, more ideologically conservative, and more partisan than their fellow Republicans.<a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a> Each of those factors is associated among Republicans with being more racially conservative. Using multiple regression techniques and a very large sample of N=100,000 the authors hold all the background factors statistically constant. When that happens, the tea party Republicans and other Republicans are practically identical on racial issues.<a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a> In contrast, a 2015 study found that racial resentment was one of the strongest predictors for Tea Party Movement membership.<a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Polling_of_supporters">Polling of supporters</h3></div> An October 2010 Washington Post canvass of local Tea Party organizers found 99% said "concern about the economy" was an "important factor".<a href="#cite_note-agwpostface-74">[74]</a> Various polls have also probed Tea Party supporters for their views on a variety of political and controversial issues. On the question of whether they think their own income taxes this year are fair, 52% of Tea Party supporters told pollsters for <a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a>/New York Times that they were, versus 62% in the general population (including Tea Party supporters).<a href="#cite_note-nytimes1-188">[188]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_L.P." title="Bloomberg L.P.">Bloomberg News</a> poll found that Tea Partiers are not against increased government action in all cases. "The ideas that find nearly universal agreement among Tea Party supporters are rather vague," says <a href="/wiki/J._Ann_Selzer" class="mw-redirect" title="J. Ann Selzer">J. Ann Selzer</a>, the pollster who created the survey. "You would think any idea that involves more government action would be anathema, and that is just not the case." In advance of a new edition of their book American Grace, political scientists David E. Campbell of Notre Dame and <a href="/wiki/Robert_D._Putnam" title="Robert D. Putnam">Robert D. Putnam</a> of Harvard published in a <a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a> opinion the results of their research into the political attitudes and background of Tea Party supporters. Using a pre-Tea Party poll in 2006 and going back to the same respondents in 2011, they found the supporters to be not "nonpartisan political neophytes" as often described, but largely "overwhelmingly partisan Republicans" who were politically active prior to the Tea Party. The survey found Tea Party supporters "no more likely than anyone else" to have suffered hardship during the <a href="/wiki/2007%E2%80%93present_recession_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="2007–present recession in the United States">2007–2010 recession</a>. Additionally, the respondents were more concerned about "putting God in government" than with trying to shrink government.<a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a><a href="#cite_note-God-199">[199]</a> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_elections,_2010" class="mw-redirect" title="United States elections, 2010">2010 midterm elections</a> demonstrated considerable skepticism within the Tea Party movement with respect to the dangers and the reality of <a href="/wiki/Global_warming" class="mw-redirect" title="Global warming">global warming</a>. A New York Times/CBS News Poll during the election revealed that only a small percentage of Tea Party supporters considered global warming a serious problem, much less than the portion of the general public that does. The Tea Party is strongly opposed to government-imposed limits on carbon dioxide emissions as part of <a href="/wiki/Emissions_trading" title="Emissions trading">emissions trading</a> legislation to encourage use of fuels that emit less <a href="/wiki/Carbon_emissions" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbon emissions">carbon dioxide</a>.<a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a> An example is the movement's support of <a href="/wiki/California_Proposition_23_(2010)" class="mw-redirect" title="California Proposition 23 (2010)">California Proposition 23</a>, which would suspend AB32, the <a href="/wiki/Global_Warming_Solutions_Act_of_2006" title="Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006">Global Warming Solutions Act of 2006</a>.<a href="#cite_note-201">[201]</a> The proposition failed to pass, with less than 40% voting in favor.<a href="#cite_note-202">[202]</a> Many[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">quantify</a>] of the movement's participants favored stricter measures against <a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigration" title="Illegal immigration">illegal immigration</a>.<a href="#cite_note-203">[203]</a> Polls found that just 7% of Tea Party supporters approve of how Obama is doing his job compared to 50% (as of April 2010) of the general public,<a href="#cite_note-nytimes1-188">[188]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">needs update</a>] and that roughly 77% of supporters had voted for Obama's Republican opponent, <a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">John McCain</a> in 2008.<a href="#cite_note-vogel1-178">[178]</a><a href="#cite_note-quinnipiac1-179">[179]</a> A <a href="/wiki/University_of_Washington" title="University of Washington">University of Washington</a> poll of 1,695 registered voters in the state of <a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a> reported that 73% of Tea Party supporters disapprove of Obama's policy of engaging with Muslim countries, 88% approve of the controversial <a href="/wiki/Arizona_SB_1070" title="Arizona SB 1070">Arizona immigration law</a> enacted in 2010 that requires police to question people they suspect are illegal immigrants for proof of legal status, 54% feel that immigration is changing the culture in the U.S. for the worse, 82% do not believe that gay and lesbian couples should have the <a href="/wiki/Gay_marriage" class="mw-redirect" title="Gay marriage">legal right to marry</a>, and that about 52% believe that "[c]ompared to the size of the group, lesbians and gays have too much political power".<a href="#cite_note-huffingtonpost1-204">[204]</a><a href="#cite_note-nwsource1-205">[205]</a><a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Leadership">Leadership</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sarah_Palin_by_Gage_Skidmore_2_(cropped_3x4).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Sarah_Palin_by_Gage_Skidmore_2_%28cropped_3x4%29.jpg/220px-Sarah_Palin_by_Gage_Skidmore_2_%28cropped_3x4%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Sarah_Palin_by_Gage_Skidmore_2_%28cropped_3x4%29.jpg/330px-Sarah_Palin_by_Gage_Skidmore_2_%28cropped_3x4%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Sarah_Palin_by_Gage_Skidmore_2_%28cropped_3x4%29.jpg/440px-Sarah_Palin_by_Gage_Skidmore_2_%28cropped_3x4%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1727" data-file-height="2300" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Palin" title="Sarah Palin">Sarah Palin</a></figcaption></figure> The movement has been supported nationally by prominent individuals and organizations.<a href="#cite_note-top_players-207">[207]</a><a href="#cite_note-tea_players-208">[208]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Individuals">Individuals</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ron_Paul_(7004532790).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Ron_Paul_%287004532790%29.jpg/220px-Ron_Paul_%287004532790%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Ron_Paul_%287004532790%29.jpg/330px-Ron_Paul_%287004532790%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Ron_Paul_%287004532790%29.jpg/440px-Ron_Paul_%287004532790%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4752" data-file-height="3168" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ron_Paul" title="Ron Paul">Ron Paul</a> at the 2012 Tea Party Express rally in Austin, Texas</figcaption></figure> An October 2010 Washington Post canvass of 647 local Tea Party organizers asked "which national figure best represents your groups?" and got the following responses: no one 34%, Sarah Palin 14%, Glenn Beck 7%, Jim DeMint 6%, Ron Paul 6%, Michele Bachmann 4%.<a href="#cite_note-agwpostface-74">[74]</a> The success of candidates popular within the Tea Party movement has boosted Palin's visibility.<a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a> Rasmussen and Schoen (2010) conclude that "She is the symbolic leader of the movement, and more than anyone else has helped to shape it."<a href="#cite_note-210">[210]</a> In June 2008, Congressman Dr. Ron Paul announced his non-profit organization called <a href="/wiki/Campaign_for_Liberty" title="Campaign for Liberty">Campaign for Liberty</a> as a way of continuing the grassroots support involved in Ron Paul's 2007–2008 presidential run.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] This announcement corresponded with the suspension of his campaign.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In July 2010, Bachmann formed the House congressional <a href="/wiki/Tea_Party_Caucus" title="Tea Party Caucus">Tea Party Caucus</a>. This <a href="/wiki/Congressional_caucus" title="Congressional caucus">congressional caucus</a>, which Bachmann chaired, is devoted to the Tea Party's stated principles of "fiscal responsibility, adherence to the Constitution, and limited government".<a href="#cite_note-211">[211]</a> As of March 31, 2011, the caucus consisted of 62 Republican representatives.<a href="#cite_note-house1-76">[76]</a> Rep. <a href="/wiki/Jason_Chaffetz" title="Jason Chaffetz">Jason Chaffetz</a> and Melissa Clouthier have accused them of trying to hijack or co-opt the grassroots Tea Party Movement.<a href="#cite_note-212">[212]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Organizations">Organizations</h4></div> <dl><dt>Non-profit social welfare organizations (<a href="/wiki/IRS" class="mw-redirect" title="IRS">IRS</a> classification <a href="/wiki/501(c)_organization" title="501(c) organization">501(c)(4)</a>)</dt></dl> Note: the self-reported membership numbers below are several years old. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tea_Party_Patriots" title="Tea Party Patriots">Tea Party Patriots</a>, an organization with more than 1,000 affiliated groups across the nation<a href="#cite_note-213">[213]</a> that proclaims itself to be the "Official Home of the Tea Party Movement".<a href="#cite_note-214">[214]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Americans_for_Prosperity" title="Americans for Prosperity">Americans for Prosperity</a>, an organization founded by <a href="/wiki/David_H._Koch" class="mw-redirect" title="David H. Koch">David H. Koch</a> in 2003, and led by <a href="/wiki/Tim_Phillips_(political_strategist)" title="Tim Phillips (political strategist)">Tim Phillips</a>. The group has over 1 million members in 500 local affiliates and led protests against health care reform in 2009.<a href="#cite_note-top_players-207">[207]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FreedomWorks" title="FreedomWorks">FreedomWorks</a>, an organization led by <a href="/wiki/Matt_Kibbe" title="Matt Kibbe">Matt Kibbe</a>. The group has over 1 million members in 500 local affiliates. It makes local and national candidate endorsements.<a href="#cite_note-top_players-207">[207]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_Party_Express" title="Tea Party Express">Tea Party Express</a>, a national bus tour run by <a href="/wiki/Our_Country_Deserves_Better_PAC" title="Our Country Deserves Better PAC">Our Country Deserves Better PAC</a>, itself a conservative <a href="/wiki/Political_action_committee" title="Political action committee">political action committee</a> created by <a href="/wiki/Sacramento" class="mw-redirect" title="Sacramento">Sacramento</a>-based Republican consulting firm <a href="/wiki/Move_America_Forward" title="Move America Forward">Russo, Marsh, and Associates</a>.<a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-215">[215]</a><a href="#cite_note-tpmmuckraker-216">[216]</a><a href="#cite_note-217">[217]</a></li></ul> FreedomWorks, Americans for Prosperity, and <a href="/wiki/DontGo" title="DontGo">DontGo</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Free_market" title="Free market">free market</a> <a href="/wiki/Political_activist" class="mw-redirect" title="Political activist">political activist</a> <a href="/wiki/Non-profit_organization" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-profit organization">non-profit group</a>, were guiding the Tea Party movement in April 2009, according to <a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-who-182">[182]</a> Americans for Prosperity and FreedomWorks were "probably the leading partners" in the September 2009 <a href="/wiki/Taxpayer_March_on_Washington" title="Taxpayer March on Washington">Taxpayer March on Washington</a>, also known as the 9/12 Tea Party, according to <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>.<a href="#cite_note-guardian20090918-91">[91]</a> <dl><dt>Tea Party Review</dt></dl> In 2011 the movement launched a monthly magazine, the <a href="/wiki/Tea_Party_Review" title="Tea Party Review">Tea Party Review</a>.<a href="#cite_note-BouieCrasher-218">[218]</a> <dl><dt>For-profit businesses</dt></dl> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tea_Party_Nation" title="Tea Party Nation">Tea Party Nation</a>, which sponsored the <a href="/wiki/National_Tea_Party_Convention" class="mw-redirect" title="National Tea Party Convention">National Tea Party Convention</a> that was criticized for its $549 ticket price<a href="#cite_note-219">[219]</a><a href="#cite_note-220">[220]</a><a href="#cite_note-221">[221]</a><a href="#cite_note-222">[222]</a> and because Palin was apparently paid $100,000 for her appearance (which she put towards <a href="/wiki/SarahPAC" class="mw-redirect" title="SarahPAC">SarahPAC</a><a href="#cite_note-223">[223]</a>).<a href="#cite_note-224">[224]</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Informal organizations and coalitions</dt></dl> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/National_Tea_Party_Federation" title="National Tea Party Federation">National Tea Party Federation</a>, formed on April 8, 2010, by several leaders in the Tea Party movement to help spread its message and to respond to critics with a quick, unified response.<a href="#cite_note-Federation_announcement-225">[225]</a></li> <li>The Nationwide Tea Party Coalition, a loose national coalition of several dozen local tea party groups.<a href="#cite_note-226">[226]</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Student movement</dt></dl> <ul><li>Tea Party Students organized the 1st National Tea Party Students Conference, which was hosted by Tea Party Patriots at its American Policy Summit in Phoenix on February 25–27, 2011. The conference included sessions with Campus Reform, <a href="/wiki/Students_For_Liberty" class="mw-redirect" title="Students For Liberty">Students For Liberty</a>, Young America's Foundation, and <a href="/wiki/Young_Americans_for_Liberty" title="Young Americans for Liberty">Young Americans for Liberty</a>.<a href="#cite_note-227">[227]</a></li></ul> Other influential organizations include <a href="/wiki/Americans_for_Limited_Government" title="Americans for Limited Government">Americans for Limited Government</a>, the training organization <a href="/wiki/American_Majority" title="American Majority">American Majority</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Our_Country_Deserves_Better_PAC" title="Our Country Deserves Better PAC">Our Country Deserves Better</a> political action committee, and <a href="/wiki/Glenn_Beck" title="Glenn Beck">Glenn Beck</a>'s <a href="/wiki/9-12_Project" title="9-12 Project">9-12 Project</a>, according to the <a href="/wiki/National_Journal" title="National Journal">National Journal</a> in February 2010.<a href="#cite_note-tea_players-208">[208]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fundraising">Fundraising</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rand_Paul_in_Hawesville_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Rand_Paul_in_Hawesville_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg/220px-Rand_Paul_in_Hawesville_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Rand_Paul_in_Hawesville_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg/330px-Rand_Paul_in_Hawesville_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Rand_Paul_in_Hawesville_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg/440px-Rand_Paul_in_Hawesville_by_Gage_Skidmore.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4272" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Rand_Paul" title="Rand Paul">Rand Paul</a> at a Tea Party rally in Hawesville, Kentucky, November 2009</figcaption></figure> Sarah Palin headlined four "Liberty at the Ballot Box" bus tours, to raise money for candidates and the Tea Party Express. One of the tours visited 30 towns and covered 3,000 miles.<a href="#cite_note-228">[228]</a> Following the formation of the Tea Party Caucus, Michele Bachmann raised $10 million for a <a href="/wiki/Political_action_committee" title="Political action committee">political action committee</a>, MichelePAC, and sent funds to the campaigns of <a href="/wiki/Sharron_Angle" title="Sharron Angle">Sharron Angle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christine_O%27Donnell" title="Christine O'Donnell">Christine O'Donnell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rand_Paul" title="Rand Paul">Rand Paul</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Marco_Rubio" title="Marco Rubio">Marco Rubio</a>.<a href="#cite_note-229">[229]</a> In September 2010, the <a href="/wiki/Tea_Party_Patriots" title="Tea Party Patriots">Tea Party Patriots</a> announced it had received a $1,000,000 donation from an anonymous donor.<a href="#cite_note-million-230">[230]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Support_of_Koch_brothers">Support of Koch brothers</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Political_activities_of_the_Koch_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Political activities of the Koch family">Political activities of the Koch family</a></div> In an August 30, 2010, article in <a href="/wiki/The_New_Yorker" title="The New Yorker">The New Yorker</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jane_Mayer" title="Jane Mayer">Jane Mayer</a> asserted that the brothers <a href="/wiki/David_H._Koch" class="mw-redirect" title="David H. Koch">David H. Koch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Charles_G._Koch" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles G. Koch">Charles G. Koch</a> and <a href="/wiki/Koch_Industries" class="mw-redirect" title="Koch Industries">Koch Industries</a> provided financial support to one of the organizations that became part of the Tea Party movement through <a href="/wiki/Americans_for_Prosperity" title="Americans for Prosperity">Americans for Prosperity</a>.<a href="#cite_note-nyerhit-231">[231]</a><a href="#cite_note-Zernike1020-232">[232]</a> The AFP's "Hot Air Tour" was organized to fight against taxes on carbon use and the activation of a <a href="/wiki/Cap_and_trade" class="mw-redirect" title="Cap and trade">cap and trade</a> program.<a href="#cite_note-233">[233]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Koch_Industries" class="mw-redirect" title="Koch Industries">Koch Industries</a> company spokesperson issued a 2010 statement saying "No funding has been provided by Koch companies, the Koch foundation, or Charles Koch or David Koch specifically to support the tea parties".<a href="#cite_note-mayer-fresh-air-2010-234">[234]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Public_opinion">Public opinion</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2010_polling">2010 polling</h3></div> A USA Today/Gallup poll conducted in March 2010 found that 28% of those surveyed considered themselves supporters of the Tea Party movement, 26% opponents, and 46% neither.<a href="#cite_note-GallupPoll-235">[235]</a> These figures remained stable through January 2011, but public opinion changed by August 2011. In a USA Today/Gallup poll conducted in January 2011, approximately 70% of adults, including approximately 9 out of 10 Republicans, felt Republican leaders in Congress should give consideration to Tea Party movement ideas.<a href="#cite_note-GallupPoll2-236">[236]</a> In August 2011, 42% of registered voters, but only 12% of Republicans, said Tea Party endorsement would be a "negative" and that they would be "less likely" to vote for such a candidate.<a href="#cite_note-237">[237]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Gallup_Poll" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallup Poll">Gallup Poll</a> in April 2010 found 47% of Americans had an unfavorable image of the Tea Party movement, as opposed to 33% who had a favorable opinion.<a href="#cite_note-238">[238]</a> A 2011 opinion survey by political scientists David E. Campbell and <a href="/wiki/Robert_D._Putnam" title="Robert D. Putnam">Robert D. Putnam</a> found the Tea Party ranked at the bottom of a list of "two dozen" American "religious, political, and racial groups" in terms of favorability—"even less liked than Muslims and atheists."<a href="#cite_note-God-199">[199]</a><a href="#cite_note-239">[239]</a> In November 2011, <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> cited opinion polls showing that support for the Tea Party had "fallen sharply even in places considered Tea Party strongholds." It quoted pollster <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Kohut" title="Andrew Kohut">Andrew Kohut</a> speculating that the Tea Party position in Congress was perceived as "too extreme and not willing to compromise".<a href="#cite_note-240">[240]</a> A CBS News/New York Times poll in September 2010 showed 19% of respondents supported the movement, 63% did not, and 16% said they did not know. In the same poll, 29% had an unfavorable view of the Tea Party, compared to 23% with a favorable view.<a href="#cite_note-CBSPoll-241">[241]</a> The same poll retaken in August 2011 found that 20% of respondents had a favorable view of the Tea Party and 40% had an unfavorable view.<a href="#cite_note-242">[242]</a> A CNN/ORC poll taken September 23–25, 2011 found that the favorable/unfavorable ratio was 28% versus 53%.<a href="#cite_note-243">[243]</a> An NBC News/Wall Street Journal poll in September 2010 found 27% considered themselves Tea Party supporters. 42% said the Tea Party has been good for the U.S. political system; 18% called it a bad thing. Those with an unfavorable view of the Tea Party outnumbered those with a favorable view 36–30%. In comparison, the Democratic Party was viewed unfavorably by a 42–37% margin, and the Republican Party by 43–31%.<a href="#cite_note-WSJPoll-244">[244]</a> A poll conducted by the <a href="/wiki/Quinnipiac_University_Polling_Institute" title="Quinnipiac University Polling Institute">Quinnipiac University Polling Institute</a> in March 2010 found that 13% of national adults identified themselves as part of the Tea Party movement but that the Tea Party had a positive opinion by a 28–23% margin with 49% who did not know enough about the group to form an opinion.<a href="#cite_note-quinnipiac1-179">[179]</a> A similar poll conducted by the Winston Group in April 2010 found that 17% of American registered voters considered themselves part of the Tea Party movement.<a href="#cite_note-WinstonPoll-189">[189]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="After_debt-ceiling_crisis">After debt-ceiling crisis</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/United_States_debt-ceiling_crisis_of_2011" class="mw-redirect" title="United States debt-ceiling crisis of 2011">United States debt-ceiling crisis of 2011</a></div> After the mid-2011 debt ceiling crisis, polls became more unfavorable to the Tea Party.<a href="#cite_note-GallupAug-245">[245]</a><a href="#cite_note-PewAug-246">[246]</a> According to a Gallup poll, 28% of adults disapproved of the Tea Party compared to 25% approving, and noted that "[t]he national Tea Party movement appears to have lost some ground in popular support after the blistering debate over raising the nation's debt ceiling in which Tea Party Republicans... fought any compromise on taxes and spending".<a href="#cite_note-GallupAug-245">[245]</a> Similarly, a Pew poll found that 29% of respondents thought Congressional Tea Party supporters had a negative effect compared to 22% thinking it was a positive effect. It noted that "[t]he new poll also finds that those who followed the debt ceiling debate very closely have more negative views about the impact of the Tea Party than those who followed the issue less closely."<a href="#cite_note-PewAug-246">[246]</a> A CNN/ORC poll put disapproval at 51% with a 31% approval.<a href="#cite_note-247">[247]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2012_polling">2012 polling</h3></div> A <a href="/wiki/Rasmussen_Reports" title="Rasmussen Reports">Rasmussen Reports</a> poll conducted in April 2012 showed 44% of likely U.S. voters held at least a somewhat favorable view of Tea Party activists, while 49% share an unfavorable opinion of them. When asked if the Tea Party movement would help or hurt Republicans in the 2012 elections, 53% of Republicans said they see the Tea Party as a political plus.<a href="#cite_note-rasmussenreports1-248">[248]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2013_and_2014_polling">2013 and 2014 polling</h3></div> A February 2014 article from <a href="/wiki/Forbes.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Forbes.com">Forbes.com</a> reported about the past few years, "Nationally, there is no question that negative views of the Tea Party have risen. But core support seems to be holding steady."<a href="#cite_note-realspin-23">[23]</a> In October 2013, <a href="/wiki/Rasmussen_Reports" title="Rasmussen Reports">Rasmussen Reports</a> research found as many respondents (42%) identify with the Tea Party as with President Obama. However, while 30% of those polled viewed the movement favorably, 50% were unfavorable; in addition, 34% considered the movement a force for good while 43% considered them bad for the nation. On major national issues, 77% of Democrats said their views were closest to Obama's; in contrast, 76% of Republicans and 51% of unaffiliated voters identified closely with the Tea Party.<a href="#cite_note-249">[249]</a> Other survey data over recent years show that past trends of partisan divides about the Tea Party remain. For example, a <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a> poll from October 2013 reported that 69% of Democrats had an unfavorable view of the movement, in contrast to 49% of independents and 27% of Republicans.<a href="#cite_note-realspin-23">[23]</a> A CNN/ORC poll also conducted October 2013 generally showed that 28% of Americans were favorable to the Tea party while 56% were unfavorable.<a href="#cite_note-250">[250]</a> In an AP/GfK survey from January 2014, 27% of respondents stated that they considered themselves a Tea Party supporter in comparison to 67% that said that they did not.<a href="#cite_note-realspin-23">[23]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Symbols">Symbols</h2></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gadsden_flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Gadsden_flag.svg/150px-Gadsden_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Gadsden_flag.svg/225px-Gadsden_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Gadsden_flag.svg/300px-Gadsden_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gadsden_flag" title="Gadsden flag">Gadsden flag</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Second_Revolution_Flag_2x3.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Second_Revolution_Flag_2x3.svg/150px-Second_Revolution_Flag_2x3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Second_Revolution_Flag_2x3.svg/225px-Second_Revolution_Flag_2x3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Second_Revolution_Flag_2x3.svg/300px-Second_Revolution_Flag_2x3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="387" data-file-height="258" /></a><figcaption>Second Revolution flag</figcaption></figure> Beginning in 2009, the <a href="/wiki/Gadsden_flag" title="Gadsden flag">Gadsden flag</a> became widely used as a symbol by Tea Party protesters nationwide.<a href="#cite_note-251">[251]</a><a href="#cite_note-foxnews1-252">[252]</a> It was also displayed by members of Congress at Tea Party rallies.<a href="#cite_note-253">[253]</a> Some lawmakers dubbed it a political symbol due to the Tea Party connection<a href="#cite_note-foxnews1-252">[252]</a> and the political nature of Tea Party supporters.<a href="#cite_note-254">[254]</a> The Second Revolution flag gained national attention on January 19, 2010.<a href="#cite_note-255">[255]</a> It is a version of the <a href="/wiki/Betsy_Ross_flag" title="Betsy Ross flag">Betsy Ross flag</a> with a Roman numeral "II" in the center of the circle of 13 stars symbolizing a second revolution in America.<a href="#cite_note-256">[256]</a> The Second Revolution flag has been called synonymous with Tea Party causes and events.<a href="#cite_note-257">[257]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id=""Teabagger"">"Teabagger"</h2></div> Some participants of the movement adopted the term as a verb, and a few others referred to themselves as "<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/teabagger" class="extiw" title="wikt:teabagger">teabaggers</a>".<a href="#cite_note-258">[258]</a><a href="#cite_note-evolution-259">[259]</a> News media and progressive commentators outside the movement began to use the term mockingly and derisively, alluding to the <a href="/wiki/Tea_bag_(sexual_act)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tea bag (sexual act)">sexual connotation of the term</a> when referring to Tea Party protesters. The first pejorative use of the term was in 2007 by <a href="/wiki/Indiana_Democratic_Party" title="Indiana Democratic Party">Indiana Democratic Party</a> Communications Director Jennifer Wagner.<a href="#cite_note-tdw-260">[260]</a> The use of the <a href="/wiki/Double_entendre" title="Double entendre">double entendre</a> evolved from Tea Party protest sites encouraging readers to "Tea bag the fools in DC" to the political left adopting the term for derogatory jokes.<a href="#cite_note-evolution-259">[259]</a><a href="#cite_note-261">[261]</a><a href="#cite_note-Koppelman-262">[262]</a> It has been used by several media outlets to humorously refer to Tea Party-affiliated protestors.<a href="#cite_note-263">[263]</a> Some conservatives have advocated that the non-vulgar meaning of the word be reclaimed.<a href="#cite_note-evolution-259">[259]</a> <a href="/wiki/Grant_Barrett" title="Grant Barrett">Grant Barrett</a>, co-host of the <a href="/wiki/A_Way_with_Words" title="A Way with Words">A Way with Words</a> radio program, has listed teabagger as a 2009 buzzword meaning, "a derogatory name for attendees of Tea Parties, probably coined in allusion to a sexual practice".<a href="#cite_note-264">[264]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Commentary_by_the_Obama_administration">Commentary by the Obama administration</h2></div> On April 29, 2009, Obama commented on the Tea Party protests during a townhall meeting in <a href="/wiki/Arnold,_Missouri" title="Arnold, Missouri">Arnold, Missouri</a>: "Let me just remind them that I am happy to have a serious conversation about how we are going to cut our health care costs down over the long term, how we're going to stabilize Social Security. Claire McCaskill and I are working diligently to do basically a thorough audit of federal spending. But let's not play games and pretend that the reason is because of the recovery act, because that's just a fraction of the overall problem that we've got. We are going to have to tighten our belts, but we're going to have to do it in an intelligent way. And we've got to make sure that the people who are helped are working American families, and we're not suddenly saying that the way to do this is to eliminate programs that help ordinary people and give more tax cuts to the wealthy. We tried that formula for eight years. It did not work. And I don't intend to go back to it."<a href="#cite_note-265">[265]</a><a href="#cite_note-266">[266]</a> On April 15, 2010, Obama noted the passage of 25 different tax cuts over the past year, including tax cuts for 95% of working Americans. He then remarked, "So I've been a little amused over the last couple of days where people have been having these rallies about taxes. You would think they would be saying thank you. That's what you'd think."<a href="#cite_note-ABC_pol_punch-267">[267]</a><a href="#cite_note-268">[268]</a> On September 20, 2010, at a townhall discussion sponsored by CNBC, Obama said healthy skepticism about government and spending was good, but it was not enough to just say "Get control of spending", and he challenged the Tea Party movement to get specific about how they would cut government debt and spending: "And so the challenge, I think, for the Tea Party movement is to identify specifically what would you do. It's not enough just to say, get control of spending. I think it's important for you to say, I'm willing to cut veterans' benefits, or I'm willing to cut Medicare or Social Security benefits, or I'm willing to see these taxes go up. What you can't do—which is what I've been hearing a lot from the other side—is say we're going to control government spending, we're going to propose $4 trillion of additional tax cuts, and that magically somehow things are going to work."<a href="#cite_note-269">[269]</a><a href="#cite_note-270">[270]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media_coverage">Media coverage</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Glenn_Beck_by_Gage_Skidmore_3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Glenn_Beck_by_Gage_Skidmore_3.jpg/220px-Glenn_Beck_by_Gage_Skidmore_3.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="304" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Glenn_Beck_by_Gage_Skidmore_3.jpg/330px-Glenn_Beck_by_Gage_Skidmore_3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Glenn_Beck_by_Gage_Skidmore_3.jpg/440px-Glenn_Beck_by_Gage_Skidmore_3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2178" data-file-height="3012" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Beck" title="Glenn Beck">Glenn Beck</a>, Conservative radio commentator</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/U.S._News_%26_World_Report" title="U.S. News & World Report">U.S. News & World Report</a> reported that the nature of the coverage of the protests has become part of the story.<a href="#cite_note-world-271">[271]</a> On <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>'s <a href="/wiki/The_Situation_Room_with_Wolf_Blitzer" title="The Situation Room with Wolf Blitzer">Situation Room</a>, journalist <a href="/wiki/Howard_Kurtz" title="Howard Kurtz">Howard Kurtz</a> commented that "much of the media seems to have chosen sides". He says that Fox News portrayed the protests "as a big story, CNN as a modest story, and <a href="/wiki/MSNBC" title="MSNBC">MSNBC</a> as a great story to make fun of. And for most major newspapers, it's a nonstory".<a href="#cite_note-world-271">[271]</a> There were reports that the movement had been <a href="/wiki/Fox_News_Channel_controversies" class="mw-redirect" title="Fox News Channel controversies">actively promoted by the Fox News Channel</a>.<a href="#cite_note-272">[272]</a><a href="#cite_note-273">[273]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Fairness_and_Accuracy_in_Reporting" class="mw-redirect" title="Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting">Fairness and Accuracy in Reporting</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Progressivism" title="Progressivism">progressive</a> media watchdog, there is a disparity between large coverage of the Tea Party movement and minimal coverage of larger movements. In 2009, the major Tea Party protests were quoted twice as often as the <a href="/wiki/National_Equality_March" title="National Equality March">National Equality March</a> despite a much lower turnout.<a href="#cite_note-274">[274]</a> In 2010, a Tea Party protest was covered 59 times as much as the <a href="/wiki/US_Social_Forum" class="mw-redirect" title="US Social Forum">US Social Forum</a> (177 Tea Party mentions versus 3 for Social Forum) despite the attendance of the latter being 25 times as much (600 Tea Party attendees versus at least 15,000 for Social Forum).<a href="#cite_note-275">[275]</a> In April 2010, responding to a question from the media watchdog group <a href="/wiki/Media_Matters_for_America" title="Media Matters for America">Media Matters</a> posed the previous week, <a href="/wiki/Rupert_Murdoch" title="Rupert Murdoch">Rupert Murdoch</a>, the chief executive of <a href="/wiki/News_Corporation_(1980%E2%80%932013)" class="mw-redirect" title="News Corporation (1980–2013)">News Corporation</a>, which owns Fox News, said, "I don't think we should be supporting the Tea Party or any other party." That same week, Fox News canceled an appearance by <a href="/wiki/Sean_Hannity" title="Sean Hannity">Sean Hannity</a> at a <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">Cincinnati</a> Tea Party rally.<a href="#cite_note-276">[276]</a> Following the September 12 <a href="/wiki/Taxpayer_March_on_Washington" title="Taxpayer March on Washington">Taxpayer March on Washington</a>, Fox News said it was the only cable news outlet to cover the emerging protests and took out full-page ads in <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>, the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Post" title="New York Post">New York Post</a>, and <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a> with a prominent headline reading, "How did <a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a>, CBS, NBC, MSNBC, and CNN miss this story?"<a href="#cite_note-277">[277]</a> CNN news anchor <a href="/wiki/Rick_Sanchez_(journalist)" title="Rick Sanchez (journalist)">Rick Sanchez</a> disputed Fox's assertion, pointing to various coverage of the event.<a href="#cite_note-politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com-278">[278]</a><a href="#cite_note-279">[279]</a><a href="#cite_note-mediabistro.com-280">[280]</a> CNN, NBC, CBS, MSNBC, and CBS Radio News provided various forms of live coverage of the rally in Washington throughout the day on Saturday, including the lead story on CBS Evening News.<a href="#cite_note-politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com-278">[278]</a><a href="#cite_note-mediabistro.com-280">[280]</a><a href="#cite_note-281">[281]</a><a href="#cite_note-282">[282]</a> James Rainey of the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a> said that MSNBC's attacks on the tea parties paled compared to Fox's support, but that MSNBC personalities <a href="/wiki/Keith_Olbermann" title="Keith Olbermann">Keith Olbermann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rachel_Maddow" title="Rachel Maddow">Rachel Maddow</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chris_Matthews" title="Chris Matthews">Chris Matthews</a> were hardly subtle in disparaging the movement.<a href="#cite_note-Los_Angeles_Times-283">[283]</a> <a href="/wiki/Howard_Kurtz" title="Howard Kurtz">Howard Kurtz</a> has said that, "These [FOX] hosts said little or nothing about the huge deficits run up by <a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">President Bush</a>, but Barack Obama's budget and tax plans have driven them to tea. On the other hand, CNN and MSNBC may have dropped the ball by all but ignoring the protests."<a href="#cite_note-kurtz-284">[284]</a> In the January/February 2012 issue of <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Affairs" title="Foreign Affairs">Foreign Affairs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francis_Fukuyama" title="Francis Fukuyama">Francis Fukuyama</a> stated that the Tea Party is supporting "politicians who serve the interests of precisely those <a href="/wiki/Financiers" class="mw-redirect" title="Financiers">financiers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Corporate" class="mw-redirect" title="Corporate">corporate</a> <a href="/wiki/Elites" class="mw-redirect" title="Elites">elites</a> they claim to despise" and <a href="/wiki/Economic_inequality" title="Economic inequality">inequality</a> while comparing and contrasting it with the <a href="/wiki/Occupy_movement" title="Occupy movement">occupy movement</a>.<a href="#cite_note-285">[285]</a><a href="#cite_note-286">[286]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tea_Party's_views_of_media_coverage">Tea Party's views of media coverage</h3></div> In October 2010, a survey conducted by <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a> found that the majority of local Tea Party organizers consider the media coverage of their groups to be fair. Seventy-six percent of the local organizers said media coverage has been fair, while 23 percent have said coverage was unfair. This was based on responses from all 647 local Tea Party organizers the Post was able to contact and verify, from a list of more than 1,400 possible groups identified.<a href="#cite_note-agwpostmedia-287">[287]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Perceptions_of_the_Tea_Party">Perceptions of the Tea Party</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TeaPartyByFreedomFan.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d8/TeaPartyByFreedomFan.JPG/220px-TeaPartyByFreedomFan.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d8/TeaPartyByFreedomFan.JPG/330px-TeaPartyByFreedomFan.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d8/TeaPartyByFreedomFan.JPG/440px-TeaPartyByFreedomFan.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Tea Party protesters walk towards the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Capitol" title="United States Capitol">United States Capitol</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Taxpayer_March_on_Washington" title="Taxpayer March on Washington">Taxpayer March on Washington</a>, September 12, 2009.</figcaption></figure> The movement has been called a mixture of conservative,<a href="#cite_note-Conservatism-19">[19]</a> libertarian,<a href="#cite_note-libertarian-17">[17]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Populism" title="Populism">populist</a><a href="#cite_note-populist-18">[18]</a> activists. As stated before, opinions in terms of the U.S. major political parties play a large role in terms of attitudes about the Tea Party movement, with one study finding that 20% of self-identified Republicans personally view themselves as part of the Tea Party.<a href="#cite_note-Richardson-172">[172]</a> The movement has sponsored <a href="/wiki/Tea_Party_protests" title="Tea Party protests">protests</a> and supported political candidates circa 2009.<a href="#cite_note-deseret-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-economist-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-sfexaminer-22">[22]</a> Since the movement's inception, in the late 2000s, left wing groups have accused the party of racism and intolerance.<a href="#cite_note-newsweek1-288">[288]</a><a href="#cite_note-extremists-289">[289]</a> Left leaning opponents have cited various incidents as evidence that the movement is, in their opinion, propelled by various forms of bigotry.<a href="#cite_note-newsweek1-288">[288]</a><a href="#cite_note-extremists-289">[289]</a> Supporters say the incidents are isolated acts attributable to a small fringe that is not representative of the movement.<a href="#cite_note-newsweek1-288">[288]</a><a href="#cite_note-extremists-289">[289]</a> Accusations that the news media are biased either for or against the movement are common, while polls and surveys have been faced with issues regarding the population surveyed, and the meaningfulness of poll results from disparate groups.<a href="#cite_note-290">[290]</a> Although the Tea Party has a libertarian element in terms of some issue convictions, most American libertarians do not support the movement enough to identify with it. A 2013 survey by the <a href="/wiki/Public_Religion_Research_Institute" title="Public Religion Research Institute">Public Religion Research Institute</a> (PRRI) found that 61% of identified libertarians stated they did not consider themselves part of the tea party. This split exists due to the strong <a href="/wiki/Christian_right" title="Christian right">Christian right</a> influence in the movement, which puts the majority of the tea party movement at direct odds against libertarians on issues such as the <a href="/wiki/War_on_drugs" title="War on drugs">war on drugs</a> (with the aforementioned survey finding that 71% of libertarians support legalizing marijuana).<a href="#cite_note-Richardson-172">[172]</a> Some libertarian leaning supporters have grown increasingly annoyed by the influx of religious social issues into the movement. Many in the movement would prefer the complex social issues such as homosexuality, abortion, and religion to be left out of the discussion, while instead increasing the focus on limited government and states' rights.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] According to a review in <a href="/wiki/Publishers_Weekly" title="Publishers Weekly">Publishers Weekly</a> published in 2012, professor Ronald P. Formisano in The Tea Party: A Brief History provides an "even-handed perspective on and clarifying misconceptions about America's recent political phenomenon" since "party supporters are not isolated zealots, and may, like other Americans, only want to gain control over their destinies". Professor Formisano sees underlying social roots and draws a parallel between the tea party movement and past support for independent candidate <a href="/wiki/Ross_Perot" title="Ross Perot">Ross Perot</a>,<a href="#cite_note-291">[291]</a> a similar point to that made in <a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a> as mentioned earlier.<a href="#cite_note-realspin-23">[23]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversies">Controversies</h2></div> The final round of debate before voting on the <a href="/wiki/Patient_Protection_and_Affordable_Care_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act">health care bill</a> was marked with vandalism and widespread threats of violence to at least ten Democratic lawmakers across the country, which created public relations problems for the fledgeling Tea Party movement. On March 22, 2010, in what the New York Times called "potentially the most dangerous of many acts of violence and threats against supporters of the bill," a <a href="/wiki/Lynchburg,_Virginia" title="Lynchburg, Virginia">Lynchburg, Virginia</a> Tea Party organizer and the <a href="/wiki/Danville,_Virginia" title="Danville, Virginia">Danville, Virginia</a> Tea Party Chairman both posted the home address of Representative <a href="/wiki/Tom_Perriello" title="Tom Perriello">Tom Perriello</a>'s brother (mistakenly believing it was the Congressman's address) on their websites, and encouraged readers to "drop by" to express their anger against Representative Perriello's vote in favor of the healthcare bill. The following day, after smelling gas in his house, a severed gas line that connected to a <a href="/wiki/Propane_tank" class="mw-redirect" title="Propane tank">propane tank</a> was discovered on Perriello's brother's screened-in porch. Local police and <a href="/wiki/FBI" class="mw-redirect" title="FBI">FBI</a> investigators determined that it was intentionally cut as an act of vandalism. Perriello's brother also received a threatening letter referencing the legislation. Attorney General <a href="/wiki/Ken_Cuccinelli" title="Ken Cuccinelli">Ken Cuccinelli</a> stated that posting a home address on a website and encouraging people to visit is "an appalling approach. It's not civil discourse, it's an invitation to intimidation and it's totally unacceptable." Leaders of the Tea Party movement tried to contain the public relations damage by denouncing the violent acts and distancing themselves from those behind the acts. One Tea Party website issued a response saying the Tea Party member's action of posting the address "was not requested, sanctioned or endorsed by the Lynchburg Tea Party". The director of the Northern Colorado Tea Party said, "Although many are frustrated by the passage of such controversial legislation, threats are absolutely not acceptable in any form, to any lawmaker, of any party."<a href="#cite_note-292">[292]</a> In early July 2010, the North Iowa Tea Party (NITP) posted a billboard showing a photo of <a href="/wiki/Adolf_Hitler" title="Adolf Hitler">Adolf Hitler</a> with the heading "National Socialism", one of Barack Obama with the heading "Democrat Socialism", and one of <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Lenin" title="Vladimir Lenin">Vladimir Lenin</a> with the heading "Marxist Socialism", all three marked with the word "change" and the statement "Radical leaders prey on the fearful and naive". It received sharp criticism, including some from other Tea Party activists. NITP co-founder Bob Johnson acknowledged the anti-socialist message may have gotten lost amid the fascist and communist images. Following a request from the NITP, the billboard was removed on July 14.<a href="#cite_note-293">[293]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_Party_USA" title="Coffee Party USA">Coffee Party USA</a>, a progressive alternative to the Tea Party started in 2010, opposing <a href="/wiki/Corporate_personhood" title="Corporate personhood">corporate personhood</a> rather than taxes</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Conservatism in the United States">Conservatism in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_presidential_campaign,_2016" class="mw-redirect" title="Donald Trump presidential campaign, 2016">Donald Trump presidential campaign, 2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Election_denial_movement_in_the_United_States" title="Election denial movement in the United States">Election denial movement in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indivisible_movement" title="Indivisible movement">Indivisible movement</a>, a progressive alternative to the Tea Party started in 2016</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_right_(United_States)" title="Radical right (United States)">Radical right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Independence_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom Independence Party">United Kingdom Independence Party</a>, third largest political party in the U.K. by popular vote in 2015, considered by some people as the British version of the Tea Party.<a href="#cite_note-294">[294]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output 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June 6, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=teapartypatriots.org&rft.atitle=Economic+Freedom&rft.date=2014-06-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.teapartypatriots.org%2Fourvision%2Feconomic-freedom%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATea+Party+movement" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Foley1-34">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Foley1_34-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Foley1_34-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Foley1_34-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPrice_Foley2011" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Price_Foley" title="Elizabeth Price Foley">Price Foley, Elizabeth</a> (Spring 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/tenn78&div=27">"Sovereignty, Rebalanced: The Tea Party and Constitutional Amendments"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Law_Review" title="Tennessee Law Review">Tennessee Law Review</a>. 78 (3): 751–64. <a href="/wiki/SSRN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="SSRN (identifier)">SSRN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1904656">1904656</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tennessee+Law+Review&rft.atitle=Sovereignty%2C+Rebalanced%3A+The+Tea+Party+and+Constitutional+Amendments&rft.ssn=spring&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=751-64&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpapers.ssrn.com%2Fsol3%2Fpapers.cfm%3Fabstract_id%3D1904656%23id-name%3DSSRN&rft.aulast=Price+Foley&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fheinonline.org%2FHOL%2FLandingPage%3Fhandle%3Dhein.journals%2Ftenn78%26div%3D27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATea+Party+movement" class="Z3988"> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Price_Foley" title="Elizabeth Price Foley">Elizabeth Price Foley</a>, law professor at <a href="/wiki/Florida_International_University" title="Florida International University">Florida International University</a> College of Law, writing on the Tea Party's proclamations regarding the Constitution, observed: "Tea Party opposition to bailouts, stimulus packages and health-care reform is reflected in various proposals to amend the Constitution, including proposals to require a balanced budget, repeal the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Amendments, and give states a veto power over federal laws (the so-called Repeal Amendment)."</dd></dl> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zernike1-35"><a href="#cite_ref-Zernike1_35-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZernike2010" class="citation book cs1">Zernike, Kate (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Emwp17M6vE8C">Boiling Mad: Inside Tea Party America</a>. Macmillan Publishers. pp. 65–66. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781429982726" title="Special:BookSources/9781429982726"><bdi>9781429982726</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Boiling+Mad%3A+Inside+Tea+Party+America&rft.pages=65-66&rft.pub=Macmillan+Publishers&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9781429982726&rft.aulast=Zernike&rft.aufirst=Kate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEmwp17M6vE8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATea+Party+movement" class="Z3988"> <dl><dd>Kate Zernike, a national correspondent for <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>, wrote: "It could be hard to define a Tea Party agenda; to some extent it depended on where you were. In the Northeast, groups mobilized against high taxes; in the Southwest, illegal immigration. Some Tea Partiers were clearer about what they didn't want than what they did. But the shared ideology—whether for young libertarians who came to the movement through Ron Paul or older 9/12ers who came to it through Glenn Beck—was the belief that a strict interpretation of the Constitution was the solution to government grown wild. [...] By getting back to what the founders intended, they believed they could right what was wrong with the country. Where in the Constitution, they asked, does it say that the federal government was supposed to run banks? Or car companies? Where does it say that people have to purchase health insurance? Was it so much to ask that officials honor the document they swear an oath to uphold?"</dd></dl> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStaff_writer2013" class="citation news cs1">Staff writer (July 5, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.foxnews.com/politics/tea-party-groups-ramp-up-fight-against-immigration-bill-as-august-recess-looms/">"Tea Party groups ramp up fight against immigration bill, as August recess looms"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fox_News" title="Fox News">Fox News</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fox+News&rft.atitle=Tea+Party+groups+ramp+up+fight+against+immigration+bill%2C+as+August+recess+looms&rft.date=2013-07-05&rft.au=Staff+writer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.foxnews.com%2Fpolitics%2Ftea-party-groups-ramp-up-fight-against-immigration-bill-as-august-recess-looms%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATea+Party+movement" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWoodruff2013" class="citation news cs1">Woodruff, Betsy (June 20, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationalreview.com/corner/351649/tea-party-vs-immigration-reform-betsy-woodruff">"Tea Party – vs – Immigration Reform"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Review" title="National Review">National Review</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Review&rft.atitle=Tea+Party+%E2%80%93+vs+%E2%80%93+Immigration+Reform&rft.date=2013-06-20&rft.aulast=Woodruff&rft.aufirst=Betsy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalreview.com%2Fcorner%2F351649%2Ftea-party-vs-immigration-reform-betsy-woodruff&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATea+Party+movement" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fringe-38">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Fringe_38-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Fringe_38-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGabriel2012" class="citation news cs1">Gabriel, Trip (December 25, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2012/12/26/us/politics/tea-party-its-clout-diminished-turns-to-fringe-issues.html?pagewanted=all">"Clout Diminished, Tea Party Turns to Narrower Issues"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Clout+Diminished%2C+Tea+Party+Turns+to+Narrower+Issues&rft.date=2012-12-25&rft.aulast=Gabriel&rft.aufirst=Trip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F12%2F26%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2Ftea-party-its-clout-diminished-turns-to-fringe-issues.html%3Fpagewanted%3Dall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATea+Party+movement" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rauch2-39"><a href="#cite_ref-Rauch2_39-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRauch2011" class="citation news cs1">Rauch, Jonathan (March 2, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130928090416/http://www.nationaljournal.com/magazine/the-tea-party-s-next-move-a-health-care-compact-20110210?mrefid=site_search&page=1">"The Tea Party's Next Move"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Journal" title="National Journal">National Journal</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nationaljournal.com/magazine/the-tea-party-s-next-move-a-health-care-compact-20110210?mrefid=site_search&page=1">the original</a> on September 28, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Journal&rft.atitle=The+Tea+Party%27s+Next+Move&rft.date=2011-03-02&rft.aulast=Rauch&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationaljournal.com%2Fmagazine%2Fthe-tea-party-s-next-move-a-health-care-compact-20110210%3Fmrefid%3Dsite_search%26page%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATea+Party+movement" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarey2012" class="citation news cs1">Carey, Nick (October 15, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-campaign-teaparty-agenda-idUSBRE89E04J20121015">"Tea Party versus Agenda 21: Saving the U.S. or just irking it?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150924171319/http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/10/15/us-usa-campaign-teaparty-agenda-idUSBRE89E04J20121015">Archived</a> from the original on September 24, 2015. Retrieved July 2, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Tea+Party+versus+Agenda+21%3A+Saving+the+U.S.+or+just+irking+it%3F&rft.date=2012-10-15&rft.aulast=Carey&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-usa-campaign-teaparty-agenda-idUSBRE89E04J20121015&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATea+Party+movement" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBallhaus2013" class="citation news cs1">Ballhaus, Rebecca (June 19, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blogs.wsj.com/washwire/2013/06/19/tea-party-protesters-rally-against-irs-government/">"Tea Party Protesters Rally Against IRS, Government"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Wall_Street_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Wall Street Journal">Wall Street Journal</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Tea+Party+Protesters+Rally+Against+IRS%2C+Government&rft.date=2013-06-19&rft.aulast=Ballhaus&rft.aufirst=Rebecca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblogs.wsj.com%2Fwashwire%2F2013%2F06%2F19%2Ftea-party-protesters-rally-against-irs-government%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATea+Party+movement" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rauch1-42">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rauch1_42-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rauch1_42-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rauch1_42-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRauch2011" class="citation news cs1">Rauch, Jonathan (March 2, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jonathanrauch.com/jrauch_articles/2010/09/group-think-inside-the-tea-partys-collective-brain.html">"Group Think: Inside the Tea Party's Collective Brain"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Journal" title="National Journal">National Journal</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=National+Journal&rft.atitle=Group+Think%3A+Inside+the+Tea+Party%27s+Collective+Brain&rft.date=2011-03-02&rft.aulast=Rauch&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jonathanrauch.com%2Fjrauch_articles%2F2010%2F09%2Fgroup-think-inside-the-tea-partys-collective-brain.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATea+Party+movement" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schmidt-43">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Schmidt_43-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schmidt_43-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmidt2011" class="citation journal cs1">Schmidt, Christopher W. (Fall 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150617143259/http://www.hastingsconlawquarterly.org/archives/V39/I1/Schmidt.pdf">"The Tea Party and the Constitution"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Hastings_Constitutional_Law_Quarterly" class="mw-redirect" title="Hastings Constitutional Law Quarterly">Hastings Constitutional Law Quarterly</a>. 39 (1): 193–252. <a href="/wiki/SSRN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="SSRN (identifier)">SSRN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2218595">2218595</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hastingsconlawquarterly.org/archives/V39/I1/Schmidt.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on June 17, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hastings+Constitutional+Law+Quarterly&rft.atitle=The+Tea+Party+and+the+Constitution&rft.ssn=fall&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=193-252&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpapers.ssrn.com%2Fsol3%2Fpapers.cfm%3Fabstract_id%3D2218595%23id-name%3DSSRN&rft.aulast=Schmidt&rft.aufirst=Christopher+W.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hastingsconlawquarterly.org%2Farchives%2FV39%2FI1%2FSchmidt.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATea+Party+movement" class="Z3988"> Also available via <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/hascq39&div=6">heinonline.</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLiptak2010" class="citation news cs1">Liptak, Adam (March 13, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/14/weekinreview/14liptak.html?_r=0">"Tea-ing Up the Constitution"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Tea-ing+Up+the+Constitution&rft.date=2010-03-13&rft.aulast=Liptak&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2010%2F03%2F14%2Fweekinreview%2F14liptak.html%3F_r%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATea+Party+movement" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSomin2011" class="citation journal cs1">Somin, Ilya (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/nulr_online/226/">"The Tea Party Movement and Popular Constitutionalism"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Northwestern_University_Law_Review" title="Northwestern University Law Review">Northwestern University Law Review Colloquy</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Northwestern+University+Law+Review+Colloquy&rft.atitle=The+Tea+Party+Movement+and+Popular+Constitutionalism&rft.date=2011&rft.aulast=Somin&rft.aufirst=Ilya&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fscholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu%2Fnulr_online%2F226%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATea+Party+movement" class="Z3988"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1225&context=nulr_online">Pdf.</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZietlow2012" class="citation journal cs1">Zietlow, Rebecca E. (April 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scholarship.law.ufl.edu/flr/vol64/iss2/5/">"Popular Originalism? The Tea Party Movement and Constitutional Theory"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Florida_Law_Review" title="Florida Law Review">Florida Law Review</a>. 64 (2): 483–512.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Florida+Law+Review&rft.atitle=Popular+Originalism%3F+The+Tea+Party+Movement+and+Constitutional+Theory&rft.volume=64&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=483-512&rft.date=2012-04&rft.aulast=Zietlow&rft.aufirst=Rebecca+E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fscholarship.law.ufl.edu%2Fflr%2Fvol64%2Fiss2%2F5%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATea+Party+movement" class="Z3988"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scholarship.law.ufl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1023&context=flr">Pdf.</a> <dl><dd>Rebecca E. Zietlow, law professor at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toledo" title="University of Toledo">University of Toledo</a> College of Law, characterizes the Tea Party's constitutional position as a combination of two schools of thought: "originalism" and "popular constitutionalism." <dl><dd>"Tea Party activists have invoked the Constitution as the foundation of their conservative political philosophy. These activists are engaged in 'popular originalism,' using popular constitutionalism—constitutional interpretation outside of the courts—to invoke originalism as interpretive method."</dd></dl></dd></dl> </li> <li id="cite_note-SkocpolWilliamson-47">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SkocpolWilliamson_47-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SkocpolWilliamson_47-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSkocpolWilliamson2012" class="citation book cs1">Skocpol, Theda; Williamson, Vanessa (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/teapartyremaking0000skoc">The Tea Party and the Remaking of Republican Conservatism</a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/teapartyremaking0000skoc/page/50">50–51</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-983263-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-983263-7"><bdi>978-0-19-983263-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Tea+Party+and+the+Remaking+of+Republican+Conservatism&rft.pages=50-51&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-19-983263-7&rft.aulast=Skocpol&rft.aufirst=Theda&rft.au=Williamson%2C+Vanessa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fteapartyremaking0000skoc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATea+Party+movement" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zernike2-48"><a href="#cite_ref-Zernike2_48-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZernike2010" class="citation book cs1">Zernike, Kate (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Emwp17M6vE8C">Boiling Mad: Inside Tea Party America</a>. Macmillan Publishers. pp. 67–68. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1429982726" title="Special:BookSources/978-1429982726"><bdi>978-1429982726</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Boiling+Mad%3A+Inside+Tea+Party+America&rft.pages=67-68&rft.pub=Macmillan+Publishers&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1429982726&rft.aulast=Zernike&rft.aufirst=Kate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEmwp17M6vE8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATea+Party+movement" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> See also: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerrinTepperCarenMorris2011" class="citation journal cs1">Perrin, Andrew J.; Tepper, Stephen J.; Caren, Neal; Morris, Sally (May 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1536504211408945">"Cultures of the Tea Party"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Contexts" title="Contexts">Contexts</a>. 10 (2): 74–75. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1536504211408945">10.1177/1536504211408945</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Contexts&rft.atitle=Cultures+of+the+Tea+Party&rft.volume=10&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=74-75&rft.date=2011-05&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F1536504211408945&rft.aulast=Perrin&rft.aufirst=Andrew+J.&rft.au=Tepper%2C+Stephen+J.&rft.au=Caren%2C+Neal&rft.au=Morris%2C+Sally&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1177%252F1536504211408945&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATea+Party+movement" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRyan2011" class="citation journal cs1">Ryan, James E. (November 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.virginialawreview.org/volumes/content/laying-claim-constitution-promise-new-textualism">"Laying Claim to the Constitution: The Promise of New Textualism"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Law_Review" title="Virginia Law Review">Virginia Law Review</a>. 97 (7): 1549–1550. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/41307888">41307888</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Virginia+Law+Review&rft.atitle=Laying+Claim+to+the+Constitution%3A+The+Promise+of+New+Textualism&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=1549-1550&rft.date=2011-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F41307888%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Ryan&rft.aufirst=James+E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.virginialawreview.org%2Fvolumes%2Fcontent%2Flaying-claim-constitution-promise-new-textualism&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATea+Party+movement" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFormisano2012" class="citation book cs1">Formisano, Ronald (2012). 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The <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University_Press" title="Johns Hopkins University Press">Johns Hopkins University Press</a>. p. 52.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Tea+Party%3A+A+Brief+History&rft.pages=52&rft.pub=The+Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Formisano&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATea+Party+movement" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-AssocPress-50">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AssocPress_50-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AssocPress_50-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAssociated_Press2010" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a> (January 28, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140221223009/http://www.ktvb.com/news/politics/82725622.html">"Tea Partiers shaking up races across country"</a>. <a href="/wiki/KTVB" title="KTVB">KTVB News</a>. 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Retrieved September 25, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Christian+Science+Monitor&rft.atitle=Tea+party+groups+push+GOP+to+quit+culture+wars%2C+focus+on+deficit&rft.date=2010-11-15&rft.aulast=Jonsson&rft.aufirst=Patrik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.csmonitor.com%2FUSA%2FElections%2FTea-Party-Tally%2F2010%2F1115%2FTea-party-groups-push-GOP-to-quit-culture-wars-focus-on-deficit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATea+Party+movement" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchumacher_Cohen2012" class="citation news cs1">Schumacher Cohen, Julie (April 19, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://concept.journals.villanova.edu/article/view/784">"The Role of Religion (or Not) in the Tea Party Movement: Current Debates & The Anti-Federalists"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Concept_(journal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Concept (journal)">Concept</a> (student magazine). Vol. 35. <a href="/wiki/Villanova_University" title="Villanova University">Villanova University</a>. Retrieved February 5, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Concept+%28student+magazine%29&rft.atitle=The+Role+of+Religion+%28or+Not%29+in+the+Tea+Party+Movement%3A+Current+Debates+%26+The+Anti-Federalists&rft.volume=35&rft.date=2012-04-19&rft.aulast=Schumacher+Cohen&rft.aufirst=Julie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fconcept.journals.villanova.edu%2Farticle%2Fview%2F784&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATea+Party+movement" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Davis-54"><a href="#cite_ref-Davis_54-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis2010" class="citation news cs1">Davis, Teddy (February 9, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/tea-party-activists-craft-contract-america/story?id=9740705">"Tea Party Activists Craft 'Contract from America'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)" title="ABC News (United States)">ABC News</a>. American Broadcasting Company. Retrieved September 18, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Tea+Party+Activists+Craft+%27Contract+from+America%27&rft.date=2010-02-09&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Teddy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2FPolitics%2Ftea-party-activists-craft-contract-america%2Fstory%3Fid%3D9740705&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATea+Party+movement" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Davis2-55">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Davis2_55-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Davis2_55-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavis2010" class="citation news cs1">Davis, Teddy (April 15, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/tea-party-activists-unveil-contract-america/story?id=10376437&page=2">"Tea Party Activists Unveil 'Contract from America'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)" title="ABC News (United States)">ABC News</a>. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kansascity.com/2014/05/17/5030315/tea-party-is-losing-battles-but.html">the original</a> on May 21, 2014. Retrieved May 18, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kansas+City+Star&rft.atitle=Tea+party+says+it+is+winning+the+message+war+despite+losing+election+battles&rft.date=2014-05-17&rft.aulast=Helling&rft.aufirst=Dave&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kansascity.com%2F2014%2F05%2F17%2F5030315%2Ftea-party-is-losing-battles-but.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATea+Party+movement" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMead2011" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Russell_Mead" title="Walter Russell Mead">Mead, Walter Russell</a> (March–April 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/67455/walter-russell-mead/the-tea-party-and-american-foreign-policy">"The Tea Party and American Foreign Policy: What Populism Means for Globalism"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Affairs" title="Foreign Affairs">Foreign Affairs</a>. pp. 28–44.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Affairs&rft.atitle=The+Tea+Party+and+American+Foreign+Policy%3A+What+Populism+Means+for+Globalism&rft.pages=28-44&rft.date=2011-03%2F2011-04&rft.aulast=Mead&rft.aufirst=Walter+Russell&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.foreignaffairs.com%2Farticles%2F67455%2Fwalter-russell-mead%2Fthe-tea-party-and-american-foreign-policy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATea+Party+movement" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.govtrack.us/congress/votes/112-2011/h412">"H.Con.Res. 51: Directing the President, pursuant to section 5(c) of the War ... 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The Washington Times.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Times&rft.atitle=Online+efforts+boost+Tax+Day+%27tea+parties%27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtontimes.com%2Fnews%2F2009%2Fapr%2F16%2Fonline-efforts-boost-tax-day-tea-parties%2F%3Fpage%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATea+Party+movement" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Common_Nonsense:_Glenn_Beck_and_the_Triumph_of_Ignorance" class="mw-redirect" title="Common Nonsense: Glenn Beck and the Triumph of Ignorance">Common Nonsense: Glenn Beck and the Triumph of Ignorance</a> By <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Zaitchik" title="Alexander Zaitchik">Alexander Zaitchik</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LIDYmd2ibVQC&dq=%22FNC+tax+day+tea+parties%22&pg=PA244">p.244</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZernike2010" class="citation news cs1">Zernike, Kate (October 14, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2010/10/15/us/politics/15teaparty.html?_r=1&hp">"Tea Party Set to Win Enough Races for Wide Influence"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Tea+Party+Set+to+Win+Enough+Races+for+Wide+Influence&rft.date=2010-10-14&rft.aulast=Zernike&rft.aufirst=Kate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2010%2F10%2F15%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2F15teaparty.html%3F_r%3D1%26hp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATea+Party+movement" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeisman2010" class="citation news cs1">Weisman, Jonathan (October 20, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052702303550904575562493014465942">"GOP in Lead in Final Lap"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Wall_Street_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Wall Street Journal">Wall Street Journal</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=GOP+in+Lead+in+Final+Lap&rft.date=2010-10-20&rft.aulast=Weisman&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2FSB10001424052702303550904575562493014465942&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATea+Party+movement" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Murray-134"><a href="#cite_ref-Murray_134-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrew2010" class="citation news cs1">Andrew, Malcolm (February 18, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/washington/2010/02/tea-party.html">"Dean Murray, first elected Tea Party activist, joins N.Y. Legislature Monday"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a>. Retrieved July 11, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Dean+Murray%2C+first+elected+Tea+Party+activist%2C+joins+N.Y.+Legislature+Monday&rft.date=2010-02-18&rft.aulast=Andrew&rft.aufirst=Malcolm&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flatimesblogs.latimes.com%2Fwashington%2F2010%2F02%2Ftea-party.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATea+Party+movement" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoe2010" class="citation news cs1">Moe, Alexandra (November 3, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://firstread.nbcnews.com/_news/2010/11/03/5403120-just-32-of-tea-party-candidates-win">"Just 32% of Tea Party candidates win"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a> (first read). Retrieved April 29, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NBC+News+%28first+read%29&rft.atitle=Just+32%25+of+Tea+Party+candidates+win&rft.date=2010-11-03&rft.aulast=Moe&rft.aufirst=Alexandra&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffirstread.nbcnews.com%2F_news%2F2010%2F11%2F03%2F5403120-just-32-of-tea-party-candidates-win&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATea+Party+movement" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJacobson" class="citation book cs1">Jacobson, Gary C. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ay12-14.moodle.wisc.edu/prod/pluginfile.php/252087/mod_resource/content/1/Jacobson%202010%20Midterms.pdf">Barack Obama, the Tea Party, and the 2010 Midterm Elections</a> (PDF). San Diego: University of California. p. 3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Barack+Obama%2C+the+Tea+Party%2C+and+the+2010+Midterm+Elections&rft.place=San+Diego&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=University+of+California&rft.aulast=Jacobson&rft.aufirst=Gary+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fay12-14.moodle.wisc.edu%2Fprod%2Fpluginfile.php%2F252087%2Fmod_resource%2Fcontent%2F1%2FJacobson%25202010%2520Midterms.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATea+Party+movement" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNewport2010" class="citation news cs1">Newport, Frank (July 2, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gallup.com/poll/141098/tea-party-supporters-overlap-republican-base.aspx">"Tea Party Supporters Overlap Republican Base"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Gallup_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallup (company)">Gallup</a>. Retrieved June 6, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Gallup&rft.atitle=Tea+Party+Supporters+Overlap+Republican+Base&rft.date=2010-07-02&rft.aulast=Newport&rft.aufirst=Frank&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gallup.com%2Fpoll%2F141098%2Ftea-party-supporters-overlap-republican-base.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATea+Party+movement" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbramowitz2013" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Abramowitz" title="Alan Abramowitz">Abramowitz, Alan I.</a> (November 14, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.centerforpolitics.org/crystalball/articles/not-their-cup-of-tea-the-republican-establishment-versus-the-tea-party">"The Republican establishment versus The Tea Party"</a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Virginia_Center_for_Politics" title="University of Virginia Center for Politics">University of Virginia Center for Politics</a>. Retrieved June 6, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Republican+establishment+versus+The+Tea+Party&rft.pub=University+of+Virginia+Center+for+Politics&rft.date=2013-11-14&rft.aulast=Abramowitz&rft.aufirst=Alan+I.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.centerforpolitics.org%2Fcrystalball%2Farticles%2Fnot-their-cup-of-tea-the-republican-establishment-versus-the-tea-party&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATea+Party+movement" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTam_ChoGimpelShaw2012" class="citation journal cs1">Tam Cho, Wendy K.; Gimpel, James G.; Shaw, Daron R. (April 2012). "The Tea Party Movement and the geography of collective action". <a href="/wiki/Quarterly_Journal_of_Political_Science" title="Quarterly Journal of Political Science">Quarterly Journal of Political Science</a>. 7 (2): 105–133. <a href="/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeerX (identifier)">CiteSeerX</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.471.251">10.1.1.471.251</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1561%2F100.00011051">10.1561/100.00011051</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Quarterly+Journal+of+Political+Science&rft.atitle=The+Tea+Party+Movement+and+the+geography+of+collective+action&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=105-133&rft.date=2012-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.471.251%23id-name%3DCiteSeerX&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1561%2F100.00011051&rft.aulast=Tam+Cho&rft.aufirst=Wendy+K.&rft.au=Gimpel%2C+James+G.&rft.au=Shaw%2C+Daron+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATea+Party+movement" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> See: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGray2012" class="citation news cs1">Gray, Ian (November 7, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://huffingtonpost.com/2012/11/06/tea-party-election-results_n_2084506.html">"Tea Party Election Results: Conservative Movement Of 2010 Takes Pounding In 2012"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Huffington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Huffington Post">Huffington Post</a>. Retrieved April 29, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Huffington+Post&rft.atitle=Tea+Party+Election+Results%3A+Conservative+Movement+Of+2010+Takes+Pounding+In+2012&rft.date=2012-11-07&rft.aulast=Gray&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhuffingtonpost.com%2F2012%2F11%2F06%2Ftea-party-election-results_n_2084506.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATea+Party+movement" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHartfield2012" class="citation news cs1">Hartfield, Elizabeth (June 27, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://abcnews.go.com/blogs/politics/2012/06/tea-party-candidates-losing-steam-in-2012/">"Tea Party Candidates Losing Steam in 2012"</a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC_News_(United_States)" title="ABC News (United States)">ABC News</a>. ABC. Retrieved April 29, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=ABC+News&rft.atitle=Tea+Party+Candidates+Losing+Steam+in+2012&rft.date=2012-06-27&rft.aulast=Hartfield&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fabcnews.go.com%2Fblogs%2Fpolitics%2F2012%2F06%2Ftea-party-candidates-losing-steam-in-2012%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATea+Party+movement" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDwoskin2012" class="citation news cs1">Dwoskin, Elizabeth (November 7, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessweek.com/articles/2012-11-07/has-the-tea-party-lost-its-mojo">"Has the Tea Party Lost Its Mojo?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Businessweek" class="mw-redirect" title="Businessweek">Businessweek</a>. Retrieved April 29, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Businessweek&rft.atitle=Has+the+Tea+Party+Lost+Its+Mojo%3F&rft.date=2012-11-07&rft.aulast=Dwoskin&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessweek.com%2Farticles%2F2012-11-07%2Fhas-the-tea-party-lost-its-mojo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATea+Party+movement" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDbug2012" class="citation news cs1">Dbug (December 29, 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dailykos.com/story/2012/12/30/1174753/-What-Happened-to-The-Tea-Party-in-the-2012-Election">"What Happened to The Tea Party in the 2012 Election?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Daily_Kos" title="Daily Kos">Daily Kos</a>. Retrieved June 1, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Kos&rft.atitle=What+Happened+to+The+Tea+Party+in+the+2012+Election%3F&rft.date=2012-12-29&rft.au=Dbug&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailykos.com%2Fstory%2F2012%2F12%2F30%2F1174753%2F-What-Happened-to-The-Tea-Party-in-the-2012-Election&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATea+Party+movement" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarrabi2014" class="citation news cs1">Barrabi, Thomas (June 11, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibtimes.com/who-david-brat-look-economics-professor-who-toppled-eric-cantor-1598240">"Who Is David Brat? A Look At The Economics Professor Who Toppled Eric Cantor"</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Business_Times" title="International Business Times">International Business Times</a>. Retrieved June 25, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Business+Times&rft.atitle=Who+Is+David+Brat%3F+A+Look+At+The+Economics+Professor+Who+Toppled+Eric+Cantor&rft.date=2014-06-11&rft.aulast=Barrabi&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ibtimes.com%2Fwho-david-brat-look-economics-professor-who-toppled-eric-cantor-1598240&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATea+Party+movement" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SC_elects-142"><a href="#cite_ref-SC_elects_142-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/11/02/AR2010110207838.html">"SC elects black GOP congressman; 1st since 2003"</a>. The Washington Post. The Associated Press. November 2, 2010. Retrieved July 29, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=SC+elects+black+GOP+congressman%3B+1st+since+2003&rft.date=2010-11-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-dyn%2Fcontent%2Farticle%2F2010%2F11%2F02%2FAR2010110207838.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATea+Party+movement" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Holdssway-143">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Holdssway_143-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Holdssway_143-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFernandez2014" class="citation news cs1">Fernandez, Manny (May 27, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/28/us/politics/tea-party-favorite-beats-lieutenant-governor-in-texas.html">"Lieutenant Governor Loses Texas Runoff as Tea Party Holds Sway"</a>. The New York Times. 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Retrieved August 10, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Republic&rft.atitle=The+Tea+Party+Movement+Isn%27t+Racist&rft.date=2010-06-02&rft.aulast=Judis&rft.aufirst=John+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnewrepublic.com%2Farticle%2Fpolitics%2F75241%2Fthe-tea-party-movement-isn%25E2%2580%2599t-racist%23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATea+Party+movement" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-291"><a href="#cite_ref-291">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.publishersweekly.com/978-1-4214-0596-4">Publishers Weekly Reviewed on: 02/06/2012</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180815164237/https://www.publishersweekly.com/978-1-4214-0596-4">Archived</a> August 15, 2018, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> The Tea Party: A Brief History (Ronald P. Formisano, The Johns Hopkins University Press; 2012) </li> <li id="cite_note-292"><a href="#cite_ref-292">^</a> See: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKumar2010" class="citation news cs1">Kumar, Anita (March 24, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170123080240/http://voices.washingtonpost.com/virginiapolitics/2010/03/fbi_investigating_the_severing.html">"FBI investigating cut gas line at Perriello's brother's home"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://voices.washingtonpost.com/virginiapolitics/2010/03/fbi_investigating_the_severing.html">the original</a> on January 23, 2017. Retrieved June 9, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=FBI+investigating+cut+gas+line+at+Perriello%27s+brother%27s+home&rft.date=2010-03-24&rft.aulast=Kumar&rft.aufirst=Anita&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvoices.washingtonpost.com%2Fvirginiapolitics%2F2010%2F03%2Ffbi_investigating_the_severing.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATea+Party+movement" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooper2010" class="citation news cs1">Cooper, Michael (March 25, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/26/us/politics/26threat.html">"Accusations Fly Between Parties Over Threats and Vandalism"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190608084211/https://www.nytimes.com/2010/03/26/us/politics/26threat.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 8, 2019. Retrieved June 9, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Accusations+Fly+Between+Parties+Over+Threats+and+Vandalism&rft.date=2010-03-25&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2010%2F03%2F26%2Fus%2Fpolitics%2F26threat.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATea+Party+movement" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcNeill2010" class="citation news cs1">McNeill, Brian (March 24, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100329000020/http://www2.dailyprogress.com/cdp/News/local/crime/article/damage_at_home_of_perriello_brother_under_investigation/54038/">"Severed gas line found at home of Perriello brother"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Progress" title="The Daily Progress">The Daily Progress</a>. Charlottesville, Virginia. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.dailyprogress.com/cdp/news/local/crime/article/damage_at_home_of_perriello_brother_under_investigation/54038/">the original</a> on March 29, 2010. Retrieved May 10, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Progress&rft.atitle=Severed+gas+line+found+at+home+of+Perriello+brother&rft.date=2010-03-24&rft.aulast=McNeill&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww2.dailyprogress.com%2Fcdp%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fcrime%2Farticle%2Fdamage_at_home_of_perriello_brother_under_investigation%2F54038%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATea+Party+movement" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarr2010" class="citation news cs1">Barr, Andy (March 25, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0310/35040.html#ixzz0lC0cMKi7">"Tom Perriello gas line 'intentionally cut'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150610213616/http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0310/35040.html#ixzz0lC0cMKi7">Archived</a> from the original on June 10, 2015. Retrieved June 9, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Tom+Perriello+gas+line+%27intentionally+cut%27&rft.date=2010-03-25&rft.aulast=Barr&rft.aufirst=Andy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fnews%2Fstories%2F0310%2F35040.html%23ixzz0lC0cMKi7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATea+Party+movement" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarr2010" class="citation news cs1">Barr, Andy (March 22, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0310/34843.html">"Tea partiers told to 'drop by' Tom Perriello's home"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Politico" title="Politico">Politico</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150610230529/http://www.politico.com/news/stories/0310/34843.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 10, 2015. Retrieved June 9, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Tea+partiers+told+to+%27drop+by%27+Tom+Perriello%27s+home&rft.date=2010-03-22&rft.aulast=Barr&rft.aufirst=Andy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fnews%2Fstories%2F0310%2F34843.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATea+Party+movement" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-293"><a href="#cite_ref-293">^</a> See: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAssociated_Press2010" class="citation news cs2"><a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a> (July 14, 2010), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna38244427">"Iowa billboard linking Obama, Hitler removed"</a>, NBC News, retrieved June 7, 2011</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NBC+News&rft.atitle=Iowa+billboard+linking+Obama%2C+Hitler+removed&rft.date=2010-07-14&rft.au=Associated+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fid%2Fwbna38244427&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATea+Party+movement" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeredith2010" class="citation news cs1">Meredith, Luke (July 13, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100715075515/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/07/13/obama-hitler-tea-party-billboard_n_645203.html">"Iowa Tea Party Billboard Compares Obama To Hitler, Lenin"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Huffington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="The Huffington Post">The Huffington Post</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://huffingtonpost.com/2010/07/13/obama-hitler-tea-party-billboard_n_645203.html">the original</a> on July 15, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Huffington+Post&rft.atitle=Iowa+Tea+Party+Billboard+Compares+Obama+To+Hitler%2C+Lenin&rft.date=2010-07-13&rft.aulast=Meredith&rft.aufirst=Luke&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhuffingtonpost.com%2F2010%2F07%2F13%2Fobama-hitler-tea-party-billboard_n_645203.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATea+Party+movement" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHirschfeld_Davis2010" class="citation news cs1">Hirschfeld Davis, Julie (November 16, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101119081621/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/11/16/tea-party-republicans-congress_n_784542.html">"Iowa Tea Party Billboard Compares Obama To Hitler, Lenin"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Huffington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="The Huffington Post">The Huffington Post</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://huffingtonpost.com/2010/11/16/tea-party-republicans-congress_n_784542.html">the original</a> on November 19, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Huffington+Post&rft.atitle=Iowa+Tea+Party+Billboard+Compares+Obama+To+Hitler%2C+Lenin&rft.date=2010-11-16&rft.aulast=Hirschfeld+Davis&rft.aufirst=Julie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhuffingtonpost.com%2F2010%2F11%2F16%2Ftea-party-republicans-congress_n_784542.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATea+Party+movement" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </li> <li id="cite_note-294"><a href="#cite_ref-294">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNico_Hines2014" class="citation news cs1">Nico Hines (April 30, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thedailybeast.com/articles/2014/04/30/is-britain-s-tea-party-turning-politics-upside-down.html">"Is Britain's Tea Party Turning Politics Upside Down?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Beast" title="The Daily Beast">The Daily Beast</a>. Retrieved November 12, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Beast&rft.atitle=Is+Britain%27s+Tea+Party+Turning+Politics+Upside+Down%3F&rft.date=2014-04-30&rft.au=Nico+Hines&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailybeast.com%2Farticles%2F2014%2F04%2F30%2Fis-britain-s-tea-party-turning-politics-upside-down.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATea+Party+movement" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li>Agarwal, Sheetal D., et al. "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/1369118X.2013.873068">Grassroots organizing in the digital age: Considering values and technology in Tea Party and Occupy Wall Street</a>." Information, Communication & Society 17.3 (2014): 326–341.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArmey2010" class="citation book cs1">Armey, Dick (2010). Give Us Liberty: A Tea Party Manifesto. New York: HarperCollins Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0062015877" title="Special:BookSources/978-0062015877"><bdi>978-0062015877</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Give+Us+Liberty%3A+A+Tea+Party+Manifesto&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=HarperCollins+Publishers&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0062015877&rft.aulast=Armey&rft.aufirst=Dick&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATea+Party+movement" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAvlonForeword_by_Tina_Brown2010" class="citation book cs1">Avlon, John; Foreword by Tina Brown (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/wingnutshowlunat00avlo_0">Wingnuts: How the Lunatic Fringe is Hijacking America</a>. <a href="/wiki/Beast_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Beast Books">Beast Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0984295111" title="Special:BookSources/978-0984295111"><bdi>978-0984295111</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wingnuts%3A+How+the+Lunatic+Fringe+is+Hijacking+America&rft.pub=Beast+Books&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0984295111&rft.aulast=Avlon&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Foreword+by+Tina+Brown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwingnutshowlunat00avlo_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATea+Party+movement" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Blum, Rachel M. (2020). How the Tea Party Captured the GOP: Insurgent Factions in American Politics. University of Chicago Press.</li> <li>Crossman, W. Henry, and Ronald B. Rapoport. (2021) "From Tea Party to Trump Party." (Ray Bliss Institute, University of Akron) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uakron.edu/bliss/docs/State-of-the-Parties-2021/rapoport-crossman-sop21-paper.pdf">online</a></li> <li>Deckman, M. (2016). Tea Party women: Mama Grizzlies, grassroots leaders, and the changing face of the American right (New York University Press).</li> <li>Eastland-Underwood, Jessica. (2021) "What was the original intent? The Tea Party movement, the Founding Fathers, and the American welfare state." Journal of Political Ideologies (2021): 1-19.</li> <li>Foley, Elizabeth Price. The Tea Party: Three Principles (<a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>; 2012) 238 pages. Identifies three core principles that bind the Tea Party movement: limited government, unapologetic U.S. sovereignty, and constitutional originalism; looks at how they apply to issues, especially immigration, health-care reform, internationalism, and the War on Terror.</li> <li>Fried, Amy, and Douglas B. Harris. "Chapter Five. "We're All Mad Here": The Tea Party and the Obama Era." in At War with Government (Columbia University Press, 2021) pp. 122-160.</li> <li>Horwitz, Robert B. America's right: anti-establishment conservatism from Goldwater to the Tea Party (2013).</li> <li>Johnson, Kirk A. African American Tea Party Supporters: Explaining a Political Phenomenon (Lexington Books, 2019.</li> <li>Kabaservice, Geoffrey. Rule and Ruin: The Downfall of Moderation and the Destruction of the Republican Party, From Eisenhower to the Tea Party (2012) scholarly history <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/Rule-Ruin-Moderation-Destruction-Development/dp/0199768404/">excerpt and text search</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeahy2012" class="citation book cs1">Leahy, Michael (2012). Covenant of Liberty: The Ideological Origins of the Tea Party Movement. New York: HarperCollins Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0062066336" title="Special:BookSources/978-0062066336"><bdi>978-0062066336</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Covenant+of+Liberty%3A+The+Ideological+Origins+of+the+Tea+Party+Movement&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=HarperCollins+Publishers&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0062066336&rft.aulast=Leahy&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATea+Party+movement" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLepore2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Jill_Lepore" title="Jill Lepore">Lepore, Jill</a> (2010). The Whites of Their Eyes: The Tea Party's Revolution and the Battle over American History. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1400836963" title="Special:BookSources/978-1400836963"><bdi>978-1400836963</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Whites+of+Their+Eyes%3A+The+Tea+Party%27s+Revolution+and+the+Battle+over+American+History&rft.place=Princeton%2C+NJ&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1400836963&rft.aulast=Lepore&rft.aufirst=Jill&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATea+Party+movement" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'HaraForeword_by_Michelle_Malkin2010" class="citation book cs1">O'Hara, John M.; Foreword by Michelle Malkin (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newamericanteapa00ohar_0">A New American Tea Party: The Counterrevolution Against Bailouts, Handouts, Reckless Spending, and More Taxes</a>. Hoboken, NJ: <a href="/wiki/John_Wiley_%26_Sons" class="mw-redirect" title="John Wiley & Sons">John Wiley & Sons</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0470567982" title="Special:BookSources/978-0470567982"><bdi>978-0470567982</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+New+American+Tea+Party%3A+The+Counterrevolution+Against+Bailouts%2C+Handouts%2C+Reckless+Spending%2C+and+More+Taxes&rft.place=Hoboken%2C+NJ&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0470567982&rft.aulast=O%27Hara&rft.aufirst=John+M.&rft.au=Foreword+by+Michelle+Malkin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnewamericanteapa00ohar_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATea+Party+movement" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul2011" class="citation book cs1">Paul, Rand (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/teapartygoestowa00paul">The Tea Party Goes to Washington</a>. Center Street. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1455503117" title="Special:BookSources/978-1455503117"><bdi>978-1455503117</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Tea+Party+Goes+to+Washington&rft.pub=Center+Street&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1455503117&rft.aulast=Paul&rft.aufirst=Rand&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fteapartygoestowa00paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATea+Party+movement" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Perrin, Andrew J., et al. "Political and Cultural Dimensions of Tea Party Support, 2009–2012." Sociological Quarterly (2014) 55#4 pp: 625–652. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/tsq.12069/full">online</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRasmussenSchoen2010" class="citation book cs1">Rasmussen, Scott; Schoen, Doug (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/madashellhowteap0000rasm_k0l8">Mad As Hell: How the Tea Party Movement Is Fundamentally Remaking Our Two-Party System</a>. Harper. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0061995231" title="Special:BookSources/978-0061995231"><bdi>978-0061995231</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mad+As+Hell%3A+How+the+Tea+Party+Movement+Is+Fundamentally+Remaking+Our+Two-Party+System&rft.pub=Harper&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0061995231&rft.aulast=Rasmussen&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft.au=Schoen%2C+Doug&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fmadashellhowteap0000rasm_k0l8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATea+Party+movement" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Rosenthalm Lawrence , and Christine Trost, eds. (2012) Steep: The Precipitous Rise of the Tea Party (U of California Press) pp: 295-211.</li> <li>Rouse, Stella M., Charles Hunt, and Kristen Essel. (2022) "Growing Tea With Subnational Roots: Tea Party Affiliation, Factionalism, and GOP Politics in State Legislatures." American Politics Research 50.2 (2022): 242-254.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSkocpolWilliamson2012" class="citation book cs1">Skocpol, Theda; Williamson, Vanessa (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/teapartyremaking0000skoc">The Tea Party and the Remaking of Republican Conservatism</a>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0199832637" title="Special:BookSources/978-0199832637"><bdi>978-0199832637</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Tea+Party+and+the+Remaking+of+Republican+Conservatism&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0199832637&rft.aulast=Skocpol&rft.aufirst=Theda&rft.au=Williamson%2C+Vanessa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fteapartyremaking0000skoc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATea+Party+movement" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Sparks, H. (2014). "Mama grizzlies and the guardians of the Republic: the Democratic and Intersectional politics of anger in the Tea party movement" New Political Science 37 (1), 1–23. doi:10.1080/07393148.2014.945252</li> <li>Van Dyke, Nella, and David S. Meyer, eds. Understanding the Tea Party Movement (The Mobilization Series on Social Movements, Protest, and Culture) (2014)</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZernike2010" class="citation book cs1">Zernike, Kate (2010). Boiling Mad: Inside Tea Party America. <a href="/wiki/Times_Books" title="Times Books">Times Books</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0805093483" title="Special:BookSources/978-0805093483"><bdi>978-0805093483</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Boiling+Mad%3A+Inside+Tea+Party+America&rft.pub=Times+Books&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0805093483&rft.aulast=Zernike&rft.aufirst=Kate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATea+Party+movement" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> Tea Party movement at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/54px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="391" /><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Tea_Party" class="extiw" title="wikt:Tea Party">Definitions</a> from Wiktionary</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tea_Party_movement" class="extiw" title="c:Category:Tea Party movement">Media</a> from Commons</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/27px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:Tea_Party_movement" class="extiw" title="n:Category:Tea Party movement">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Tea_Party_movement" class="extiw" title="q:Tea Party movement">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19042" class="extiw" title="d:Q19042">Data</a> from Wikidata</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.foxnews.com/search-results/search?q=tea+party">Collected news and coverage</a> at <a href="/wiki/Fox_News" title="Fox News">Fox News</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/subjects/t/tea_party_movement/">Collected news and coverage</a> at <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/tea-party-movement">Collected news and coverage</a> at <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hnn.us/articles/124391.html">Tea Party Movement</a> at <a href="/wiki/History_News_Network" title="History News Network">History News Network</a> at <a href="/wiki/George_Mason_University" title="George Mason University">George Mason University</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output 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dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Conservatism_in_the_United_States" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#B10000; color:white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Conservatism_US_footer" title="Template:Conservatism US footer"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:white">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Conservatism_US_footer" class="mw-redirect" title="Template talk:Conservatism US footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:white">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Conservatism_US_footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Conservatism US footer"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:white">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Conservatism_in_the_United_States" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Conservatism in the United States">Conservatism in the United States</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#B10000; color:white;">Schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Compassionate_conservatism" title="Compassionate conservatism">Compassionate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiscal_conservatism" title="Fiscal conservatism">Fiscal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fusionism" title="Fusionism">Fusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_conservatism" title="Libertarian conservatism">Libertarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moderate_conservatism" title="Moderate conservatism">Moderate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movement_conservatism" title="Movement conservatism">Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neoconservatism" title="Neoconservatism">Neo-</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleoconservatism" title="Paleoconservatism">Paleo-</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postliberalism" title="Postliberalism">Postliberal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_conservatism" title="Progressive conservatism">Progressive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Social conservatism in the United States">Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Traditionalist conservatism in the United States">Traditionalist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#B10000; color:white;">Principles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_exceptionalism" title="American exceptionalism">American exceptionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communism" title="Anti-communism">Anti-communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_nationalism#United_States" title="Christian nationalism">Christian nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Classical_liberalism" title="Classical liberalism">Classical liberalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communitarianism" title="Communitarianism">Communitarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutionalism_in_the_United_States" title="Constitutionalism in the United States">Constitutionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Familialism#United_States" title="Familialism">Familialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_values" title="Family values">Family values</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalism_in_the_United_States" title="Federalism in the United States">Federalism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/States%27_rights" title="States' rights">States' rights</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_essentialism" title="Gender essentialism">Gender essentialism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Complementarianism" title="Complementarianism">Complementarianism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Christian_values" class="mw-redirect" title="Judeo-Christian values">Judeo-Christian values</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Individualism" title="Individualism">Individualism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_and_order_(politics)" title="Law and order (politics)">Law and order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limited_government" title="Limited government">Limited government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_militarism" title="United States militarism">Militarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moral_absolutism" title="Moral absolutism">Moral absolutism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Natural_law" title="Natural law">Natural law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordered_liberty" title="Ordered liberty">Ordered liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Americanism_(ideology)" title="Americanism (ideology)">Patriotism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protectionism_in_the_United_States" title="Protectionism in the United States">Protectionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republicanism_in_the_United_States" title="Republicanism in the United States">Republicanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_to_keep_and_bear_arms_in_the_United_States" title="Right to keep and bear arms in the United States">Right to bear arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_of_law" title="Rule of law">Rule of law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tradition" title="Tradition">Tradition</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#B10000; color:white;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_conservatives" title="List of American conservatives">People</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#B10000; color:white;">Presidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Adams" title="John Adams">Adams (John)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Quincy_Adams" title="John Quincy Adams">Adams (John Quincy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">G. H. W. Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">G. W. Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grover_Cleveland" title="Grover Cleveland">Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvin_Coolidge" title="Calvin Coolidge">Coolidge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_G._Harding" title="Warren G. Harding">Harding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hoover" title="Herbert Hoover">Hoover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_McKinley" title="William McKinley">McKinley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Nixon" title="Richard Nixon">Nixon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Reagan" title="Ronald Reagan">Reagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">W. H. Taft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Trump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington" title="George Washington">Washington</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#B10000; color:white;">Jurists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Alito" title="Samuel Alito">Alito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amy_Coney_Barrett" title="Amy Coney Barrett">Barrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bork" title="Robert Bork">Bork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warren_E._Burger" title="Warren E. Burger">Burger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Colson" title="Charles Colson">Colson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_P._George" title="Robert P. George">George</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Goldsmith" title="Jack Goldsmith">Goldsmith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Gorsuch" title="Neil Gorsuch">Gorsuch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Marshall_Harlan_II" title="John Marshall Harlan II">Harlan II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brett_Kavanaugh" title="Brett Kavanaugh">Kavanaugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Kennedy" title="Anthony Kennedy">Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Day_O%27Connor" title="Sandra Day O'Connor">O'Connor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alton_B._Parker" title="Alton B. Parker">Parker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Rehnquist" title="William Rehnquist">Rehnquist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Roberts" title="John Roberts">Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonin_Scalia" title="Antonin Scalia">Scalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Sessions" title="Jeff Sessions">Sessions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Sutherland" title="George Sutherland">Sutherland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">Taft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Thomas" title="Clarence Thomas">Thomas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrian_Vermeule" title="Adrian Vermeule">Vermeule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Yoo" title="John Yoo">Yoo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#B10000; color:white;">Intellectuals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Adams" title="Henry Adams">Adams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Anton" title="Michael Anton">Anton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irving_Babbitt" title="Irving Babbitt">Babbitt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Bacevich" title="Andrew Bacevich">Bacevich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Bell" title="Daniel Bell">Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saul_Bellow" title="Saul Bellow">Bellow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allan_Bloom" title="Allan Bloom">Bloom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_J._Boorstin" title="Daniel J. Boorstin">Boorstin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_F._Buckley_Jr." title="William F. Buckley Jr.">Buckley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Burnham" title="James Burnham">Burnham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_C._Calhoun" title="John C. Calhoun">Calhoun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whittaker_Chambers" title="Whittaker Chambers">Chambers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Conquest" title="Robert Conquest">Conquest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Deneen_(political_theorist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Patrick Deneen (political theorist)">Deneen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Max_Eastman" title="Max Eastman">Eastman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T._S._Eliot" title="T. S. Eliot">Eliot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_Genovese" title="Eugene Genovese">Genovese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Gottfried" title="Paul Gottfried">Gottfried</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Davis_Hanson" title="Victor Davis Hanson">Hanson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yoram_Hazony" title="Yoram Hazony">Hazony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans-Hermann_Hoppe" title="Hans-Hermann Hoppe">Hoppe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zora_Neale_Hurston" title="Zora Neale Hurston">Hurston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_V._Jaffa" title="Harry V. Jaffa">Jaffa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willmoore_Kendall" title="Willmoore Kendall">Kendall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Kimball" title="Roger Kimball">Kimball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russell_Kirk" title="Russell Kirk">Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeane_Kirkpatrick" title="Jeane Kirkpatrick">Kirkpatrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Kreeft" title="Peter Kreeft">Kreeft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irving_Kristol" title="Irving Kristol">Kristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erik_von_Kuehnelt-Leddihn" title="Erik von Kuehnelt-Leddihn">Kuehnelt-Leddihn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Lasch" title="Christopher Lasch">Lasch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Lind" title="Michael Lind">Lind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._P._Lovecraft" title="H. P. Lovecraft">Lovecraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Loury" title="Glenn Loury">Loury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Lukacs" title="John Lukacs">Lukacs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Mansfield" title="Harvey Mansfield">Mansfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._L._Mencken" title="H. L. Mencken">Mencken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Meyer_(political_philosopher)" title="Frank Meyer (political philosopher)">Meyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Molnar" title="Thomas Molnar">Molnar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Murray_(political_scientist)" title="Charles Murray (political scientist)">Murray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Nisbet" title="Robert Nisbet">Nisbet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flannery_O%27Connor" title="Flannery O'Connor">O'Connor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_J._Ong" title="Walter J. Ong">Ong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Crowe_Ransom" title="John Crowe Ransom">Ransom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Rieff" title="Philip Rieff">Rieff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Santayana" title="George Santayana">Santayana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sowell" title="Thomas Sowell">Sowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Strauss" title="Leo Strauss">Strauss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Viereck" title="Peter Viereck">Viereck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eric_Voegelin" title="Eric Voegelin">Voegelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Booker_T._Washington" title="Booker T. Washington">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_M._Weaver" title="Richard M. Weaver">Weaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtis_Yarvin" title="Curtis Yarvin">Yarvin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#B10000; color:white;">Other figures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Ailes" title="Roger Ailes">Ailes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lee_Atwater" title="Lee Atwater">Atwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Beck" title="Glenn Beck">Beck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Breitbart" title="Andrew Breitbart">Breitbart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tucker_Carlson" title="Tucker Carlson">Carlson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Cheney" title="Dick Cheney">Cheney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Coulter" title="Ann Coulter">Coulter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Cruz" title="Ted Cruz">Cruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_DeSantis" title="Ron DeSantis">DeSantis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Dilling" title="Elizabeth Dilling">Dilling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Larry_Elder" title="Larry Elder">Elder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Falwell" title="Jerry Falwell">Falwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newt_Gingrich" title="Newt Gingrich">Gingrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudy_Giuliani" title="Rudy Giuliani">Giuliani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Goldwater" title="Barry Goldwater">Goldwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Hannity" title="Sean Hannity">Hannity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laura_Ingraham" title="Laura Ingraham">Ingraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rush_Limbaugh" title="Rush Limbaugh">Limbaugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lindbergh" title="Charles Lindbergh">Lindbergh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Cabot_Lodge" title="Henry Cabot Lodge">Lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._P._Lovecraft" title="H. P. Lovecraft">Lovecraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McCain" title="John McCain">McCain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_McCarthy" title="Joseph McCarthy">McCarthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitch_McConnell" title="Mitch McConnell">McConnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Novak" title="Robert Novak">Novak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_O%27Reilly_(political_commentator)" title="Bill O'Reilly (political commentator)">O'Reilly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Palin" title="Sarah Palin">Palin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rand_Paul" title="Rand Paul">Rand Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Paul" title="Ron Paul">Ron Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Pence" title="Mike Pence">Pence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ross_Perot" title="Ross Perot">Perot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Quayle" title="Dan Quayle">Quayle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitt_Romney" title="Mitt Romney">Romney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Rove" title="Karl Rove">Rove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Rumsfeld" title="Donald Rumsfeld">Rumsfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Ryan" title="Paul Ryan">Ryan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeff_Sessions" title="Jeff Sessions">Sessions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phyllis_Schlafly" title="Phyllis Schlafly">Schlafly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Shapiro" title="Ben Shapiro">Shapiro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Stone" title="Roger Stone">Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Taft" title="Robert A. Taft">Robert A. Taft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Booker_T._Washington" title="Booker T. Washington">Booker T. Washington</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#B10000; color:white;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Conservative_parties_in_the_United_States" title="Category:Conservative parties in the United States">Parties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Party_(1969)" title="American Party (1969)">American Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Independent_Party" title="American Independent Party">American Independent Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_of_New_York_State" title="Conservative Party of New York State">Conservative Party of New York State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_Party_(United_States)" title="Constitution Party (United States)">Constitution Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_Party_(United_States)" title="Republican Party (United States)">Republican Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Masonic_Party" title="Anti-Masonic Party">Anti-Masonic Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Union_Party_(United_States)" title="Constitutional Union Party (United States)">Constitutional Union Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Party_(United_States)" title="Democratic Party (United States)">Democratic Party</a> (historically, factions) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boll_weevil_(politics)" title="Boll weevil (politics)">Boll weevils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Democrat" title="Conservative Democrat">Conservative Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dixiecrat" title="Dixiecrat">Dixiecrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reagan_Democrats" class="mw-redirect" title="Reagan Democrats">Reagan Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Democrat" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Democrat">Southern Democrats</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dorr_Rebellion" title="Dorr Rebellion">Rhode Island Suffrage Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federalist_Party" title="Federalist Party">Federalist Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Republican_Party" title="National Republican Party">National Republican Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Native_American_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="Native American Party">Native American Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whig_Party_(United_States)" title="Whig Party (United States)">Whig Party</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#B10000; color:white;">Movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alt-right" title="Alt-right">Alt-right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asian_American_and_Pacific_Islands_American_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Asian American and Pacific Islands American conservatism in the United States">Asian and Pacific Islander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Black conservatism in the United States">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_right" title="Christian right">Christian right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dark_Enlightenment" title="Dark Enlightenment">Dark Enlightenment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Women in conservatism in the United States">Female</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_conservatism#United_States" title="Green conservatism">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hispanic_and_Latino_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Hispanic and Latino conservatism in the United States">Hispanic and Latino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_conservatism_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT conservatism in the United States">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Republican" title="Libertarian Republican">Libertarian Republicans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_militia_movement" title="American militia movement">Militia movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_movement" title="Patriot movement">Patriot movement</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Patriot_movement" title="Christian Patriot movement">Christian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_right_(United_States)" title="Radical right (United States)">Radical Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactionary_feminism" title="Reactionary feminism">Reactionary feminism</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tea Party movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trumpism" title="Trumpism">Trumpism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#B10000; color:white;">Think tanks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acton_Institute" title="Acton Institute">Acton Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexis_de_Tocqueville_Institution" title="Alexis de Tocqueville Institution">AdTI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Enterprise_Institute" title="American Enterprise Institute">AEI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_Security_Policy" title="Center for Security Policy">CSP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_for_the_National_Interest" title="Center for the National Interest">Center for the National Interest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claremont_Institute" title="Claremont Institute">Claremont Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Competitive_Enterprise_Institute" title="Competitive Enterprise Institute">CEI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Horowitz_Freedom_Center" title="David Horowitz Freedom Center">CSPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethics_and_Public_Policy_Center" title="Ethics and Public Policy Center">EPPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_Research_Institute" title="Family Research Institute">FRI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gatestone_Institute" title="Gatestone Institute">Gatestone Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heartland_Institute" title="Heartland Institute">Heartland Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Heritage_Foundation" title="The Heritage Foundation">The Heritage Foundation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_Action" title="Heritage Action">Heritage Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mandate_for_Leadership" title="Mandate for Leadership">Mandate for Leadership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_2025" title="Project 2025">Project 2025</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoover_Institution" title="Hoover Institution">Hoover Institution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_Institute" title="Hudson Institute">Hudson Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercollegiate_Studies_Institute" title="Intercollegiate Studies Institute">ISI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Madison_Program_in_American_Ideals_and_Institutions" title="James Madison Program in American Ideals and Institutions">James Madison Program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leadership_Institute" title="Leadership Institute">Leadership Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Institute_for_Policy_Research" title="Manhattan Institute for Policy Research">Manhattan Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mises_Institute" title="Mises Institute">Mises Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Research_Institute" title="Pacific Research Institute">PRI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_for_the_New_American_Century" title="Project for the New American Century">Project for the New American Century</a> (Defunct)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ripon_Society" title="Ripon Society">Ripon Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R_Street_Institute" title="R Street Institute">R Street Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockford_Institute" title="Rockford Institute">Rockford Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Policy_Network" title="State Policy Network">SPN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutherland_Institute" title="Sutherland Institute">Sutherland Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax_Foundation" title="Tax Foundation">Tax Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witherspoon_Institute" title="Witherspoon Institute">Witherspoon Institute</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#B10000; color:white;">Historical factions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Bourbon_Democrat" title="Bourbon Democrat">Bourbon Democrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dixiecrats" class="mw-redirect" title="Dixiecrats">Dixiecrats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loyalist_(American_Revolution)" title="Loyalist (American Revolution)">Loyalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Right_(United_States)" title="Old Right (United States)">Old Right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redeemers" title="Redeemers">Redeemers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Agrarians" title="Southern Agrarians">Southern Agrarians</a></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#B10000; color:white;"><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Bibliography of conservatism in the United States">Literature</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_America" title="Democracy in America">Democracy in America</a> (1835–1840)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democracy_and_Leadership" title="Democracy and Leadership">Democracy and Leadership</a> (1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Agrarians#I'll_Take_My_Stand" title="Southern Agrarians">I'll Take My Stand</a> (1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Our_Enemy,_the_State" title="Our Enemy, the State">Our Enemy, the State</a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Managerial_Revolution" title="The Managerial Revolution">The Managerial Revolution</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ideas_Have_Consequences" title="Ideas Have Consequences">Ideas Have Consequences</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/God_and_Man_at_Yale" title="God and Man at Yale">God and Man at Yale</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Conservative_Mind" title="The Conservative Mind">The Conservative Mind</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Conscience_of_a_Conservative" title="The Conscience of a Conservative">The Conscience of a Conservative</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Choice_Not_an_Echo" title="A Choice Not an Echo">A Choice Not an Echo</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Losing_Ground:_American_Social_Policy,_1950%E2%80%931980" class="mw-redirect" title="Losing Ground: American Social Policy, 1950–1980">Losing Ground</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Conflict_of_Visions" title="A Conflict of Visions">A Conflict of Visions</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Closing_of_the_American_Mind" title="The Closing of the American Mind">The Closing of the American Mind</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bell_Curve:_Intelligence_and_Class_Structure_in_American_Life" class="mw-redirect" title="The Bell Curve: Intelligence and Class Structure in American Life">The Bell Curve</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Republic,_Not_an_Empire" title="A Republic, Not an Empire">A Republic, Not an Empire</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillbilly_Elegy" title="Hillbilly Elegy">Hillbilly Elegy</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Benedict_Option" title="The Benedict Option">The Benedict Option</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Why_Liberalism_Failed" title="Why Liberalism Failed">Why Liberalism Failed</a> (2018)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#B10000; color:white;">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_nationalism" title="American nationalism">American nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_conservatism_in_the_United_States" title="Bibliography of conservatism in the United States">Bibliography of conservatism in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_conservatives" title="List of American conservatives">List of American conservatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_conservatism" title="National conservatism">National conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_strategy" title="Southern strategy">Southern strategy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#B10000; color:white;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/15px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/23px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/30px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Conservatism" title="Portal:Conservatism">Conservatism portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tea_Party_movement" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tea_Party_movement" title="Template:Tea Party movement"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tea_Party_movement" title="Template talk:Tea Party movement"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tea_Party_movement" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tea Party movement"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tea_Party_movement" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Tea Party movement</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Issues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_exceptionalism" title="American exceptionalism">American exceptionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_populism" title="Judicial populism">Popular constitutionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contract_from_America" title="Contract from America">Contract from America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Originalism" title="Originalism">Originalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleoconservatism" title="Paleoconservatism">Paleoconservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_market" title="Free market">Free market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FairTax" title="FairTax">FairTax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flat_tax" title="Flat tax">Flat taxation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tax_resistance" title="Tax resistance">Opposition to taxation</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gadsden_flag.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Gadsden_flag.svg/150px-Gadsden_flag.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Gadsden_flag.svg/225px-Gadsden_flag.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Gadsden_flag.svg/300px-Gadsden_flag.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_the_Tea_Party_movement" title="Electoral history of the Tea Party movement">Electoral history of the Tea Party movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_America:_Feeling_Wronged_%E2%80%93_Some_Voices_from_the_Campaign_Trail" title="Right America: Feeling Wronged – Some Voices from the Campaign Trail">Right America: Feeling Wronged – Some Voices from the Campaign Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxpayer_March_on_Washington" title="Taxpayer March on Washington">Taxpayer March on Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restoring_Honor_rally" title="Restoring Honor rally">Restoring Honor rally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_Party_protests" title="Tea Party protests">Tea Party protests</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Justin_Amash" title="Justin Amash">Justin Amash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dick_Armey" title="Dick Armey">Dick Armey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michele_Bachmann" title="Michele Bachmann">Michele Bachmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Beck" title="Glenn Beck">Glenn Beck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Bevin" title="Matt Bevin">Matt Bevin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herman_Cain" title="Herman Cain">Herman Cain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keli_Carender" title="Keli Carender">Keli Carender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Cruz" title="Ted Cruz">Ted Cruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jim_DeMint" title="Jim DeMint">Jim DeMint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karl_Denninger" title="Karl Denninger">Karl Denninger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Gaetz" title="Matt Gaetz">Matt Gaetz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trey_Gowdy" title="Trey Gowdy">Trey Gowdy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Hannity" title="Sean Hannity">Sean Hannity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matt_Kibbe" title="Matt Kibbe">Matt Kibbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Koch" title="Charles Koch">Charles Koch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Koch" title="David Koch">David Koch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amy_Kremer" title="Amy Kremer">Amy Kremer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Levin" title="Mark Levin">Mark Levin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rush_Limbaugh" title="Rush Limbaugh">Rush Limbaugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Meckler" title="Mark Meckler">Mark Meckler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Palin" title="Sarah Palin">Sarah Palin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Patrick_(politician)" title="Dan Patrick (politician)">Dan Patrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rand_Paul" title="Rand Paul">Rand Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ron_Paul" title="Ron Paul">Ron Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rick_Santelli" title="Rick Santelli">Rick Santelli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe_Walsh_(Illinois_politician)" title="Joe Walsh (Illinois politician)">Joe Walsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_West_(politician)" title="Allen West (politician)">Allen West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_politicians_affiliated_with_the_Tea_Party_movement" title="List of politicians affiliated with the Tea Party movement">List of Tea Party politicians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Americans_for_Prosperity" title="Americans for Prosperity">Americans for Prosperity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Americans_for_Tax_Reform" title="Americans for Tax Reform">Americans for Tax Reform</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Club_for_Growth" title="Club for Growth">Club for Growth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DontGo" title="DontGo">DontGo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FreedomWorks" title="FreedomWorks">FreedomWorks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Tea_Party_Federation" title="National Tea Party Federation">National Tea Party Federation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senate_Conservatives_Fund" title="Senate Conservatives Fund">Senate Conservatives Fund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_Party_Express" title="Tea Party Express">Tea Party Express</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_Party_Patriots" title="Tea Party Patriots">Tea Party Patriots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_Party_Nation" title="Tea Party Nation">Tea Party Nation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breitbart_News" title="Breitbart News">Breitbart News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_Caucus" title="Freedom Caucus">Freedom Caucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_Republican" title="Libertarian Republican">Libertarian Republican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Caucus" title="Liberty Caucus">Liberty Caucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Amendment_Caucus" title="Second Amendment Caucus">Second Amendment Caucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_Party_Caucus" title="Tea Party Caucus">Tea Party Caucus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_Party_Community" title="Tea Party Community">Tea Party Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TheBlaze" class="mw-redirect" title="TheBlaze">TheBlaze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_for_Trump" title="Women for Trump">Women for Trump</a> (founded by Kremer)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/9-12_Project" title="9-12 Project">9-12 Project</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/15px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/22px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/30px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Conservatism" title="Portal:Conservatism">Conservatism portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Barack_Obama" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Barack_Obama" title="Template:Barack Obama"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Barack_Obama" title="Template talk:Barack Obama"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Barack_Obama" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Barack Obama"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Barack_Obama" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_United_States" title="List of presidents of the United States">44th</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">President of the United States</a> (2009–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate" title="United States Senate">U.S. Senator</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_senators_from_Illinois" title="List of United States senators from Illinois">from Illinois</a> (2005–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Senate" title="Illinois Senate">Illinois Senator</a> from the 13th district (1997–2004)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life and politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_life_and_career_of_Barack_Obama" title="Early life and career of Barack Obama">Early life and career</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Senate_career_of_Barack_Obama" title="Illinois Senate career of Barack Obama">Illinois Senate career</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2004 Democratic National Convention">2004 Democratic National Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Senate_career_of_Barack_Obama" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Senate career of Barack Obama">U.S. Senate career</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Barack_Obama" title="Political positions of Barack Obama">Political positions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Barack Obama administration">Administration foreign policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Cannabis policy of the Barack Obama administration">Cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_on_mass_surveillance" title="Barack Obama on mass surveillance">Mass surveillance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Social policy of the Barack Obama administration">Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Space policy of the Barack Obama administration">Space</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="2009 Nobel Peace Prize">Nobel Peace Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Wing_Week" title="West Wing Week">West Wing Week</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Barack_Obama" title="Presidency of Barack Obama">Presidency</a> (<a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency" title="Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency">timeline</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Barack_Obama" title="Presidential transition of Barack Obama">Transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Barack_Obama" title="First inauguration of Barack Obama">2009 inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Barack_Obama" title="Second inauguration of Barack Obama">2013 inauguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_100_days_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency" title="First 100 days of the Barack Obama presidency">First 100 days</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency" title="Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency">Timeline</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency_(2009)" title="Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency (2009)">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency_(2010)" title="Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency (2010)">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency_(2011)" title="Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency (2011)">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency_(2012)" title="Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency (2012)">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency_(2013)" title="Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency (2013)">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency_(2014)" title="Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency (2014)">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency_(2015)" title="Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency (2015)">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency_(2016%E2%80%932017)" title="Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency (2016–2017)">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Barack_Obama_presidency_(2016%E2%80%932017)#January_2017" title="Timeline of the Barack Obama presidency (2016–2017)">January 2017</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Foreign policy of the Barack Obama administration">Foreign policy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Eastern_foreign_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Middle Eastern foreign policy of the Barack Obama administration">Middle East</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)#Reassessment_and_renewed_commitment_from_2008" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">War in Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_of_United_States_troops_from_Iraq_(2007%E2%80%932011)" title="Withdrawal of United States troops from Iraq (2007–2011)">Iraq withdrawal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Osama_bin_Laden" title="Killing of Osama bin Laden">Killing of Osama bin Laden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Benghazi_attack" title="2012 Benghazi attack">Benghazi attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/US-led_intervention_in_Iraq_(2014%E2%80%932021)" title="US-led intervention in Iraq (2014–2021)">Return to Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/US_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="US intervention in the Syrian civil war">War in Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action" title="Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action">Iran nuclear deal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Asian_foreign_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="East Asian foreign policy of the Barack Obama administration">Pivot to Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_thaw" title="Cuban thaw">Cuban thaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obama_Doctrine" title="Obama Doctrine">Obama Doctrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_foreign_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="European foreign policy of the Barack Obama administration">Europe</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Economic policy of the Barack Obama administration">Economic policy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affordable_Care_Act" title="Affordable Care Act">Affordable Care Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Recovery_and_Reinvestment_Act_of_2009" title="American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009">American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dodd%E2%80%93Frank_Wall_Street_Reform_and_Consumer_Protection_Act" title="Dodd–Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act">Dodd–Frank Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lilly_Ledbetter_Fair_Pay_Act_of_2009" title="Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009">Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Energy policy of the Barack Obama administration">Energy</a>/Environmental <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frank_R._Lautenberg_Chemical_Safety_for_the_21st_Century_Act" title="Frank R. Lautenberg Chemical Safety for the 21st Century Act">Lautenberg Chemical Safety Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_policy_of_the_Barack_Obama_administration" title="Marine policy of the Barack Obama administration">Marine policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Energy_for_America" title="New Energy for America">New Energy for America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regulation_of_greenhouse_gases_under_the_Clean_Air_Act" title="Regulation of greenhouse gases under the Clean Air Act">Regulation of greenhouse gases under the Clean Air Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clean_Power_Plan" title="Clean Power Plan">Clean Power Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clean_Water_Act" title="Clean Water Act">Water Infrastructure Finance and Innovation Act of 2014</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthy,_Hunger-Free_Kids_Act_of_2010" title="Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act of 2010">Healthy, Hunger-Free Kids Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_START" title="New START">New START</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moving_Ahead_for_Progress_in_the_21st_Century_Act" title="Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act">MAP-21st Century Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fixing_America%27s_Surface_Transportation_Act" title="Fixing America's Surface Transportation Act">FAST Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_granted_executive_clemency_by_Barack_Obama" title="List of people granted executive clemency by Barack Obama">Pardons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama" title="List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama">Presidential trips</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama_(2009)" title="List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama (2009)">2009</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama_(2010)" title="List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama (2010)">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama_(2011)" title="List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama (2011)">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama_(2012)" title="List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama (2012)">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama_(2013)" title="List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama (2013)">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama_(2014)" title="List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama (2014)">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama_(2015)" title="List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama (2015)">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama_(2016%E2%80%932017)" class="mw-redirect" title="List of presidential trips made by Barack Obama (2016–2017)">2016–17</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Barack_Obama" title="List of international presidential trips made by Barack Obama">international</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Barack_Obama" title="List of federal judges appointed by Barack Obama">Judicial appointments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_Supreme_Court_candidates" title="Barack Obama Supreme Court candidates">Supreme Court</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sonia_Sotomayor_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Sonia Sotomayor Supreme Court nomination">Sotomayor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elena_Kagan_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Elena Kagan Supreme Court nomination">Kagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merrick_Garland_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Merrick Garland Supreme Court nomination">Garland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_judicial_appointment_controversies" title="Barack Obama judicial appointment controversies">controversies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Barack_Obama" title="Cabinet of Barack Obama">Cabinet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_Presidential_Center" title="Barack Obama Presidential Center">Presidential Library and Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_executive_actions_by_Barack_Obama" title="List of executive actions by Barack Obama">Executive actions</a> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Barack_Hussein_Obama/Executive_orders" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Author:Barack Hussein Obama/Executive orders">Executive orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_memoranda_by_Barack_Obama" title="List of presidential memoranda by Barack Obama">Memoranda</a></li> <li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Barack_Obama/Presidential_Proclamations" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Author:Barack Obama/Presidential Proclamations">Proclamations</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_presidential_transition_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidential transition of Donald Trump">Trump transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plantation_Estate" title="Plantation Estate">Plantation Estate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Books_by_Barack_Obama" title="Category:Books by Barack Obama">Books</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dreams_from_My_Father" title="Dreams from My Father">Dreams from My Father (1995)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Audacity_of_Hope" title="The Audacity of Hope">The Audacity of Hope (2006)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Of_Thee_I_Sing_(book)" title="Of Thee I Sing (book)">Of Thee I Sing (2010)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Promised_Land" title="A Promised Land">A Promised Land (2020)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Speeches_of_Barack_Obama" title="Speeches of Barack Obama">Speeches</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/2004_Democratic_National_Convention_keynote_address" title="2004 Democratic National Convention keynote address">The Audacity of Hope</a>" (2004)</li> <li>"<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Remarks_of_Senator_Barack_Obama_on_New_Hampshire_Primary_Night" class="extiw" title="s:Remarks of Senator Barack Obama on New Hampshire Primary Night">Yes We Can</a>" (2008)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_More_Perfect_Union_(speech)" title="A More Perfect Union (speech)">A More Perfect Union</a>" (2008)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_2008_presidential_election_victory_speech" title="Barack Obama 2008 presidential election victory speech">Change Has Come to America</a>" (2008)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Barack_Obama#Ceremony:_"A_New_Birth_of_Freedom"" title="First inauguration of Barack Obama">A New Birth of Freedom</a>" (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_2009_Barack_Obama_speech_to_a_joint_session_of_Congress" title="February 2009 Barack Obama speech to a joint session of Congress">Joint session of Congress</a> (2009)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/A_New_Beginning_(speech)" title="A New Beginning (speech)">A New Beginning</a>" (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_2009_Barack_Obama_speech_to_a_joint_session_of_Congress" title="September 2009 Barack Obama speech to a joint session of Congress">Joint session of Congress (health care reform)</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Union" title="State of the Union">State of the Union Address</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2010_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2010 State of the Union Address">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2011 State of the Union Address">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2012 State of the Union Address">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2013 State of the Union Address">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2014 State of the Union Address">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2015 State of the Union Address">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2016 State of the Union Address">2016</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_Tucson_memorial_speech" title="Barack Obama Tucson memorial speech">Tucson memorial speech</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Jobs_Act" title="American Jobs Act">Joint session of Congress (jobs)</a> (2011)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/You_didn%27t_build_that" title="You didn't build that">You didn't build that</a>" (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_Selma_50th_anniversary_speech" title="Barack Obama Selma 50th anniversary speech">Selma 50th anniversary</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama%27s_farewell_address" title="Barack Obama's farewell address">Farewell address</a> (2017)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Electoral_history_of_Barack_Obama" title="Electoral history of Barack Obama">Elections</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Illinois</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Senate_elections_of_Barack_Obama" title="Illinois Senate elections of Barack Obama">State Senate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Senate_elections_of_Barack_Obama#First_state_Senate_election,_1996" title="Illinois Senate elections of Barack Obama">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Senate_elections_of_Barack_Obama#Second_state_Senate_election,_1998" title="Illinois Senate elections of Barack Obama">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Illinois_Senate_elections_of_Barack_Obama#Third_state_Senate_election,_2002" title="Illinois Senate elections of Barack Obama">2002</a></li></ul></li> <li>U.S. House of Representatives <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2000_Illinois%27s_1st_congressional_district_election" title="2000 Illinois's 1st congressional district election">2000</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">U.S. Senate</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2004_United_States_Senate_election_in_Illinois" title="2004 United States Senate election in Illinois">2004</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Presidential</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_2008_presidential_campaign" title="Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign">2008 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Barack_Obama_2008_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republican_and_conservative_support_for_Barack_Obama_in_2008" title="Republican and conservative support for Barack Obama in 2008">GOP/conservative support</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Barack_Obama_2008_presidential_campaign_staff_members" title="List of Barack Obama 2008 presidential campaign staff members">staff members</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2008 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_2008_presidential_primary_campaign" title="Barack Obama 2008 presidential primary campaign">primary campaign</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_Party_vice_presidential_candidate_selection" title="2008 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection">running mate selection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2008 Democratic National Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2008 United States presidential debates">debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_United_States_presidential_election" title="2008 United States presidential election">election</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_2012_presidential_campaign" title="Barack Obama 2012 presidential campaign">2012 campaign</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Barack_Obama_2012_presidential_campaign_endorsements" title="List of Barack Obama 2012 presidential campaign endorsements">endorsements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Democratic_Party_presidential_primaries" title="2012 Democratic Party presidential primaries">primaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_Democratic_National_Convention" title="2012 Democratic National Convention">convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_debates" title="2012 United States presidential debates">debates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_United_States_presidential_election" title="2012 United States presidential election">election</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Family_of_Barack_Obama" title="Family of Barack Obama">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michelle_Obama" title="Michelle Obama">Michelle Obama</a> (wife)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Dunham" title="Ann Dunham">Ann Dunham</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_Sr." title="Barack Obama Sr.">Barack Obama Sr.</a> (father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lolo_Soetoro" title="Lolo Soetoro">Lolo Soetoro</a> (stepfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_Soetoro-Ng" title="Maya Soetoro-Ng">Maya Soetoro-Ng</a> (maternal half-sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanley_Armour_Dunham" title="Stanley Armour Dunham">Stanley Armour Dunham</a> (maternal grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madelyn_Dunham" title="Madelyn Dunham">Madelyn Dunham</a> (maternal grandmother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auma_Obama" title="Auma Obama">Auma Obama</a> (paternal half-sister)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malik_Obama" title="Malik Obama">Malik Obama</a> (paternal half-brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_Robinson" title="Marian Robinson">Marian Robinson</a> (mother-in-law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craig_Robinson_(basketball)" title="Craig Robinson (basketball)">Craig Robinson</a> (brother-in-law)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bo_(dog)" title="Bo (dog)">Bo</a> (family dog)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunny_(dog)" title="Sunny (dog)">Sunny</a> (family dog)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Barack_Obama" title="Template:Barack Obama"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Barack_Obama" title="Template talk:Barack Obama"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Barack_Obama" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Barack Obama"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Public_image" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Public_image_of_Barack_Obama" title="Public image of Barack Obama">Public image</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">News and political events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oprah_Winfrey%27s_endorsement_of_Barack_Obama" title="Oprah Winfrey's endorsement of Barack Obama">Oprah Winfrey's endorsement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_citizenship_conspiracy_theories" title="Barack Obama citizenship conspiracy theories">Citizenship conspiracy theories</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_presidential_eligibility_litigation" title="Barack Obama presidential eligibility litigation">litigation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_religion_conspiracy_theories" title="Barack Obama religion conspiracy theories">Religion conspiracy theories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bill_Ayers_2008_presidential_election_controversy" title="Bill Ayers 2008 presidential election controversy">Bill Ayers controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah_Wright_controversy" title="Jeremiah Wright controversy">Jeremiah Wright controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republican_and_conservative_support_for_Barack_Obama_in_2008" title="Republican and conservative support for Barack Obama in 2008">Republican and conservative support (2008)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Security_incidents_involving_Barack_Obama" title="Security incidents involving Barack Obama">Assassination threats</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_assassination_plot_in_Denver" title="Barack Obama assassination plot in Denver">2008 Denver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_assassination_plot_in_Tennessee" title="Barack Obama assassination plot in Tennessee">2008 Tennessee</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invitations_to_the_first_inauguration_of_Barack_Obama" title="Invitations to the first inauguration of Barack Obama">First inauguration invitations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/We_Are_One:_The_Obama_Inaugural_Celebration_at_the_Lincoln_Memorial" title="We Are One: The Obama Inaugural Celebration at the Lincoln Memorial">Inaugural Celebration at the Lincoln Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizen%27s_Briefing_Book" title="Citizen's Briefing Book">Citizen's Briefing Book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tea_Party_protests" title="Tea Party protests">Tea Party protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Energy_for_America" title="New Energy for America">New Energy for America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Louis_Gates_arrest_controversy#Presidential_involvement" title="Henry Louis Gates arrest controversy">Gates–Crowley Rose Garden meeting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firing_of_Shirley_Sherrod" title="Firing of Shirley Sherrod">Firing of Shirley Sherrod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Efforts_to_impeach_Barack_Obama" title="Efforts to impeach Barack Obama">Impeachment efforts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_tan_suit_controversy" title="Barack Obama tan suit controversy">Tan suit controversy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Books_about_Barack_Obama" title="Category:Books about Barack Obama">Books about</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Barack_Obama" title="Bibliography of Barack Obama">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obama:_From_Promise_to_Power" title="Obama: From Promise to Power">Obama: From Promise to Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama:_Der_schwarze_Kennedy" title="Barack Obama: Der schwarze Kennedy">Barack Obama: Der schwarze Kennedy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redemption_Song_(Stanage_book)" title="Redemption Song (Stanage book)">Redemption Song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Case_Against_Barack_Obama" title="The Case Against Barack Obama">The Case Against Barack Obama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Obama_Nation" title="The Obama Nation">The Obama Nation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Corruption" title="Culture of Corruption">Culture of Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catastrophe_(Morris_and_McGann_book)" title="Catastrophe (Morris and McGann book)">Catastrophe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_and_Michelle" title="Barack and Michelle">Barack and Michelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Speech_(Sharpley-Whiting_book)" title="The Speech (Sharpley-Whiting book)">The Speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Obama_Story" title="The Obama Story">The Obama Story</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Between_Barack_and_a_Hard_Place" title="Between Barack and a Hard Place">Between Barack and a Hard Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Game_Change" title="Game Change">Game Change</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obama_Zombies" title="Obama Zombies">Obama Zombies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Victory" title="Conservative Victory">Conservative Victory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bridge:_The_Life_and_Rise_of_Barack_Obama" title="The Bridge: The Life and Rise of Barack Obama">The Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Obama_Diaries" title="The Obama Diaries">The Obama Diaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Obama_Syndrome" title="The Obama Syndrome">The Obama Syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Obama_Identity" title="The Obama Identity">The Obama Identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/O:_A_Presidential_Novel" title="O: A Presidential Novel">O: A Presidential Novel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Where%27s_the_Birth_Certificate%3F" title="Where's the Birth Certificate?">Where's the Birth Certificate?</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obama%27s_Last_Stand" title="Obama's Last Stand">Obama's Last Stand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama:_The_Story" title="Barack Obama: The Story">Barack Obama: The Story</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_Down:_Game_Change_2012" title="Double Down: Game Change 2012"> Game Change 2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buyer%27s_Remorse_(book)" title="Buyer's Remorse (book)">Buyer's Remorse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rising_Star_(book)" title="Rising Star (book)">Rising Star</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shade:_A_Tale_of_Two_Presidents" title="Shade: A Tale of Two Presidents">Shade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_World_as_It_Is_(book)" title="The World as It Is (book)">The World as It Is</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Music</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amber_Lee_Ettinger" title="Amber Lee Ettinger">Obama Girl</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Crush_on_Obama" title="Crush on Obama">I Got a Crush... on Obama</a>"</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Magical_Negro#Barack_Obama" title="Magical Negro">Barack the Magic Negro</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Will.i.am" title="Will.i.am">will.i.am</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Yes_We_Can_(will.i.am_song)" title="Yes We Can (will.i.am song)">Yes We Can</a>"</li></ul></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_President_Sang_Amazing_Grace" title="The President Sang Amazing Grace">The President Sang Amazing Grace</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/There%27s_No_One_as_Irish_as_Barack_O%27Bama" title="There's No One as Irish as Barack O'Bama">There's No One as Irish as Barack O'Bama</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/S%C3%AD_Se_Puede_Cambiar" title="Sí Se Puede Cambiar">Sí Se Puede Cambiar</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/My_President" title="My President">My President</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Deadheads_for_Obama" title="Deadheads for Obama">Deadheads for Obama</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Air_and_Simple_Gifts" title="Air and Simple Gifts">Air and Simple Gifts</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Change_Is_Now:_Renewing_America%27s_Promise" title="Change Is Now: Renewing America's Promise">Change Is Now</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hope!_%E2%80%93_Das_Obama_Musical" title="Hope! – Das Obama Musical">Hope! – Das Obama Musical</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_vs._Mitt_Romney_(video)" title="Barack Obama vs. Mitt Romney (video)">Barack Obama vs. Mitt Romney</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baracksdubs" title="Baracksdubs">Barack's Dubs</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Signed,_Sealed,_Delivered_I%27m_Yours#Political_significance" title="Signed, Sealed, Delivered I'm Yours">Signed, Sealed, Delivered I'm Yours</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Film, TV, and stage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/By_the_People:_The_Election_of_Barack_Obama" title="By the People: The Election of Barack Obama">By the People: The Election of Barack Obama</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Change_(film)" title="Change (film)">Change</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obama_Anak_Menteng" title="Obama Anak Menteng">Obama Anak Menteng</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016:_Obama%27s_America" title="2016: Obama's America">2016: Obama's America</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Road_We%27ve_Traveled" title="The Road We've Traveled">The Road We've Traveled</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southside_with_You" title="Southside with You">Southside with You</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hillary_and_Clinton" title="Hillary and Clinton">Hillary and Clinton</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_(2016_film)" title="Barry (2016 film)">Barry</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/America%27s_Great_Divide" title="America's Great Divide">America's Great Divide</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/We_the_People_(2021_TV_series)" title="We the People (2021 TV series)">We the People</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renegades:_Born_in_the_USA" title="Renegades: Born in the USA">Renegades: Born in the USA</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obama:_In_Pursuit_of_a_More_Perfect_Union" title="Obama: In Pursuit of a More Perfect Union">Obama: In Pursuit of a More Perfect Union</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_First_Lady_(American_TV_series)" title="The First Lady (American TV series)">The First Lady</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picturing_the_Obamas" title="Picturing the Obamas">Picturing the Obamas</a> (2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Images_of_Barack_Obama" title="Category:Images of Barack Obama">Other media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_media_use_by_Barack_Obama" title="Social media use by Barack Obama">Social media use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artists_for_Obama" title="Artists for Obama">Artists for Obama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_%22Hope%22_poster" title="Barack Obama "Hope" poster">"Hope" poster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_%22Joker%22_poster" title="Barack Obama "Joker" poster">"Joker" poster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hair_Like_Mine" title="Hair Like Mine">Hair Like Mine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Situation_Room_(photograph)" title="Situation Room (photograph)">Situation Room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iman_Crosson" title="Iman Crosson">Iman Crosson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Forgotten_Man_(painting)" title="The Forgotten Man (painting)">The Forgotten Man</a> (2010 painting)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_Barack_Obama_(painting)" title="President Barack Obama (painting)">President Barack Obama</a> (2018 portrait)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obama_logo" title="Obama logo">Obama logo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_in_comics" title="Barack Obama in comics">In comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama%27s_summer_playlist" title="Barack Obama's summer playlist">Barack Obama's summer playlist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama_Day" title="Barack Obama Day">Barack Obama Day (Illinois)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obama_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Obama Day">Obama Day (Kenya)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_honors_and_awards_received_by_Barack_Obama" class="mw-redirect" title="List of honors and awards received by Barack Obama">Awards and honors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_things_named_after_Barack_Obama" title="List of things named after Barack Obama">Namesakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher_Ground_Productions" title="Higher Ground Productions">Higher Ground Productions</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/One_Last_Time_(Hamilton_song)#Remix" title="One Last Time (Hamilton song)">One Last Time (44 Remix)</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunlight_before_signing" title="Sunlight before signing">Sunlight before signing</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Bush" title="George W. Bush">← George W. Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump →</a></li></ul> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Barack_Obama" title="Category:Barack Obama">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump_(2017–2021)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="Template:First presidency of Donald Trump"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="Template talk:First presidency of Donald Trump"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="Special:EditPage/Template:First presidency of Donald Trump"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump_(2017–2021)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidency of Donald Trump">First presidency of Donald Trump</a> (2017–2021)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tenure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_presidential_transition_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidential transition of Donald Trump">Transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_inauguration_of_Donald_Trump" title="First inauguration of Donald Trump">Inauguration</a> <ul><li><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Donald_Trump%27s_First_Inaugural_Address" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Donald Trump's First Inaugural Address">speech</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opinion_polling_on_the_first_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Opinion polling on the first Donald Trump administration">Opinion polling</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_opinion_polling_on_the_Donald_Trump_administration" title="2017 opinion polling on the Donald Trump administration">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_opinion_polling_on_the_Donald_Trump_administration" title="2018 opinion polling on the Donald Trump administration">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_opinion_polling_on_the_Donald_Trump_administration" title="2019 opinion polling on the Donald Trump administration">2019</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_media_use_by_Donald_Trump" title="Social media use by Donald Trump">Social media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_United_States_elections" title="2018 United States elections">2018 midterm elections</a></li> <li>Government shutdowns <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_2018_United_States_federal_government_shutdown" title="January 2018 United States federal government shutdown">January 2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018%E2%80%932019_United_States_federal_government_shutdown" title="2018–2019 United States federal government shutdown">2018–2019</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_executive_actions_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of executive actions by Donald Trump">Executive actions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_executive_orders_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of executive orders by Donald Trump">executive orders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_proclamations_by_Donald_Trump" class="mw-redirect" title="List of proclamations by Donald Trump">presidential proclamations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_George_H._W._Bush" title="Death and state funeral of George H. W. Bush">State funeral of George H. W. Bush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Ruth_Bader_Ginsburg" title="Death and state funeral of Ruth Bader Ginsburg">State funeral of Ruth Bader Ginsburg</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_granted_executive_clemency_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of people granted executive clemency by Donald Trump">Executive clemency</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pardon_of_Joe_Arpaio" title="Pardon of Joe Arpaio">pardon of Joe Arpaio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Wallie_Howard_Jr." title="Murder of Wallie Howard Jr.">commutation of Jaime Davidson</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_travel_ban" title="Trump travel ban">Travel bans</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reactions_to_Executive_Order_13769" title="Reactions to Executive Order 13769">reactions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_challenges_to_the_Trump_travel_ban" title="Legal challenges to the Trump travel ban">legal challenges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protests_against_Executive_Order_13769" title="Protests against Executive Order 13769">protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_13780" title="Executive Order 13780">replacement</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_wall" title="Trump wall">Trump wall</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Executive_Order_13767" title="Executive Order 13767">Executive Order 13767</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_administration_family_separation_policy" title="Trump administration family separation policy">Family separation policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_administration_migrant_detentions" class="mw-redirect" title="Trump administration migrant detentions">Migrant detentions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Faithful_Patriot" title="Operation Faithful Patriot">Operation Faithful Patriot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stormy_Daniels%E2%80%93Donald_Trump_scandal" title="Stormy Daniels–Donald Trump scandal">Stormy Daniels scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I_Am_Part_of_the_Resistance_Inside_the_Trump_Administration" title="I Am Part of the Resistance Inside the Trump Administration">Anonymous senior official op-ed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93United_States_relations#Trump_administration_(2017–2021)" title="Israel–United States relations">Relations with Israel</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_recognition_of_Jerusalem_as_capital_of_Israel" title="United States recognition of Jerusalem as capital of Israel">Jerusalem recognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_recognition_of_the_Golan_Heights_as_part_of_Israel" title="United States recognition of the Golan Heights as part of Israel">Golan Heights recognition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_peace_plan" title="Trump peace plan">Peace plan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Accords" title="Abraham Accords">Abraham Accords</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93United_Arab_Emirates_normalization_agreement" title="Israel–United Arab Emirates normalization agreement">UAE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bahrain%E2%80%93Israel_normalization_agreement" title="Bahrain–Israel normalization agreement">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Sudan_normalization_agreement" title="Israel–Sudan normalization agreement">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Morocco_normalization_agreement" title="Israel–Morocco normalization agreement">Morocco</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosovo_and_Serbia_economic_normalization_agreements" title="Kosovo and Serbia economic normalization agreements">Kosovo–Serbia agreement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017%E2%80%932018_North_Korea_crisis" title="2017–2018 North Korea crisis">North Korea crisis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2018%E2%80%9319_Korean_peace_process" title="2018–19 Korean peace process">peace process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_North_Korea%E2%80%93United_States_Singapore_Summit" title="2018 North Korea–United States Singapore Summit">Singapore summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_North_Korea%E2%80%93United_States_Hanoi_Summit" title="2019 North Korea–United States Hanoi Summit">Hanoi summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Koreas%E2%80%93United_States_DMZ_Summit" title="2019 Koreas–United States DMZ Summit">DMZ summit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump%E2%80%93Ukraine_scandal" title="Trump–Ukraine scandal">Trump–Ukraine scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93United_States_relations#Trump_administration_(2017–2021)" title="Russia–United States relations">Relations with Russia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2018_Russia%E2%80%93United_States_summit" title="2018 Russia–United States summit">Helsinki summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Links_between_Trump_associates_and_Russian_officials" title="Links between Trump associates and Russian officials">Links between Trump administration and Russian government officials</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_bounty_program" title="Russian bounty program">Russian bounty program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_administration_farmer_bailouts" title="Trump administration farmer bailouts">Farmer bailouts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_United_States%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_arms_deal" title="2017 United States–Saudi Arabia arms deal">Saudi Arabia arms deal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/US_intervention_in_the_Syrian_civil_war" title="US intervention in the Syrian civil war">Syria strikes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_Shayrat_missile_strike" title="2017 Shayrat missile strike">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_2018_missile_strikes_against_Syria" title="April 2018 missile strikes against Syria">2018</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_United_States_invasion_of_Venezuela" title="Proposed United States invasion of Venezuela">Proposed invasion of Venezuela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump%E2%80%93Tsai_call" title="Trump–Tsai call">Taiwan call</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_withdrawal_from_the_Joint_Comprehensive_Plan_of_Action" title="United States withdrawal from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action">Withdrawal from the Iran nuclear deal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Abu_Bakr_al-Baghdadi" title="Death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi">Death of Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Qasem_Soleimani" title="Assassination of Qasem Soleimani">Assassination of Qasem Soleimani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020%E2%80%932021_U.S._troop_withdrawal_from_Afghanistan" title="2020–2021 U.S. troop withdrawal from Afghanistan">Afghanistan withdrawal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._federal_government_response_to_the_COVID-19_pandemic" title="U.S. federal government response to the COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic response</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trump_administration_communication_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic" class="mw-redirect" title="Trump administration communication during the COVID-19 pandemic">Communication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_House_COVID-19_outbreak" title="White House COVID-19 outbreak">White House COVID-19 outbreak</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_administration_political_interference_with_science_agencies" class="mw-redirect" title="Trump administration political interference with science agencies">Political interference with science agencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_United_States_federal_government_data_breach" title="2020 United States federal government data breach">Federal government data breach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossfire_Hurricane_(FBI_investigation)" title="Crossfire Hurricane (FBI investigation)">Crossfire Hurricane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump%27s_disclosures_of_classified_information" title="Donald Trump's disclosures of classified information">Classified information disclosures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mueller_special_counsel_investigation" title="Mueller special counsel investigation">Mueller special counsel investigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durham_special_counsel_investigation" title="Durham special counsel investigation">Durham special counsel investigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_affairs_of_Donald_Trump_as_president" title="Legal affairs of Donald Trump as president">Legal affairs</a></li> <li>Impeachments <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Efforts_to_impeach_Donald_Trump" title="Efforts to impeach Donald Trump">efforts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_impeachment_resolutions_introduced_against_Donald_Trump" title="List of impeachment resolutions introduced against Donald Trump">resolutions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impeachment_inquiry_into_Donald_Trump" title="Impeachment inquiry into Donald Trump">impeachment inquiry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_impeachment_of_Donald_Trump" title="First impeachment of Donald Trump">first impeachment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_impeachment_trial_of_Donald_Trump" title="First impeachment trial of Donald Trump">first trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_impeachment_of_Donald_Trump" title="Second impeachment of Donald Trump">second impeachment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_impeachment_trial_of_Donald_Trump" title="Second impeachment trial of Donald Trump">second trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proposed_expungements_of_the_impeachments_of_Donald_Trump" title="Proposed expungements of the impeachments of Donald Trump">proposed expungements</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_photo_op_at_St._John%27s_Church" title="Donald Trump photo op at St. John's Church">Photo op at St. John's Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Rushmore_Fireworks_Celebration" title="Mount Rushmore Fireworks Celebration">2020 Mount Rushmore Fireworks Celebration</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Garden_of_American_Heroes" title="National Garden of American Heroes">National Garden of American Heroes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attempts_to_overturn_the_2020_United_States_presidential_election" title="Attempts to overturn the 2020 United States presidential election">Attempts to overturn the 2020 presidential election</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Stop_the_Steal" class="mw-redirect" title="Stop the Steal">Stop the Steal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack" title="January 6 United States Capitol attack">January 6 United States Capitol attack</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack" title="Timeline of the January 6 United States Capitol attack">timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack" title="Aftermath of the January 6 United States Capitol attack">aftermath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_United_States_inauguration_week_protests" title="2021 United States inauguration week protests">continued protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domestic_reactions_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack" title="Domestic reactions to the January 6 United States Capitol attack">domestic reactions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_reactions_to_the_January_6_United_States_Capitol_attack" title="International reactions to the January 6 United States Capitol attack">international reactions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_J._Trump_Presidential_Library" title="Donald J. Trump Presidential Library">Presidential Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_federal_judges_appointed_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of federal judges appointed by Donald Trump">Judicial appointments</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Gorsuch_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Neil Gorsuch Supreme Court nomination">Gorsuch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brett_Kavanaugh_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Brett Kavanaugh Supreme Court nomination">Kavanaugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amy_Coney_Barrett_Supreme_Court_nomination" title="Amy Coney Barrett Supreme Court nomination">Barrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_Supreme_Court_candidates" title="Donald Trump Supreme Court candidates">Supreme Court candidates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_judicial_appointment_controversies" title="Donald Trump judicial appointment controversies">controversies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidential_transition_of_Joe_Biden" title="Presidential transition of Joe Biden">Biden transition</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidencies" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidencies">Timeline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_100_days_of_the_first_Donald_Trump_presidency" title="First 100 days of the first Donald Trump presidency">First 100 days</a></li> <li>2017 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2017_Q1)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2017 Q1)">Q1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2017_Q2)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2017 Q2)">Q2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2017_Q3)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2017 Q3)">Q3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2017_Q4)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2017 Q4)">Q4</a></li></ul></li> <li>2018 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2018_Q1)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2018 Q1)">Q1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2018_Q2)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2018 Q2)">Q2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2018_Q3)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2018 Q3)">Q3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2018_Q4)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2018 Q4)">Q4</a></li></ul></li> <li>2019 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2019_Q1)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2019 Q1)">Q1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2019_Q2)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2019 Q2)">Q2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2019_Q3)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2019 Q3)">Q3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2019_Q4)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2019 Q4)">Q4</a></li></ul></li> <li>2020 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2020_Q1)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2020 Q1)">Q1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2020_Q2)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2020 Q2)">Q2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2020_Q3)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2020 Q3)">Q3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2020_Q4%E2%80%93January_2021)" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2020 Q4–January 2021)">Q4</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Donald_Trump_presidency_(2020_Q4%E2%80%93January_2021)#January_2021" title="Timeline of the Donald Trump presidency (2020 Q4–January 2021)">January 2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump">Trips</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump_(2017)" title="List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump (2017)">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump_(2018)" title="List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump (2018)">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump_(2019)" title="List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump (2019)">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump_(2020%E2%80%9321)" title="List of presidential trips made by Donald Trump (2020–21)">2020–2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_presidential_trips_made_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of international presidential trips made by Donald Trump">international</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_Rex_Tillerson_as_United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="List of international trips made by Rex Tillerson as United States Secretary of State">by Rex Tillerson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_trips_made_by_Mike_Pompeo_as_United_States_Secretary_of_State" title="List of international trips made by Mike Pompeo as United States Secretary of State">by Mike Pompeo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Riyadh_summit" title="2017 Riyadh summit">Riyadh summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_North_Korea%E2%80%93United_States_Singapore_Summit" title="2018 North Korea–United States Singapore Summit">Singapore summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_Russia%E2%80%93United_States_summit" title="2018 Russia–United States summit">Helsinki summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_North_Korea%E2%80%93United_States_Hanoi_Summit" title="2019 North Korea–United States Hanoi Summit">Hanoi summit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Koreas%E2%80%93United_States_DMZ_Summit" title="2019 Koreas–United States DMZ Summit">DMZ summit</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Speeches</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_Donald_Trump_speech_to_a_joint_session_of_Congress" title="2017 Donald Trump speech to a joint session of Congress">Joint session of Congress</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Donald_Trump_speech_in_Warsaw" title="2017 Donald Trump speech in Warsaw">Warsaw speech</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_National_Scout_Jamboree" title="2017 National Scout Jamboree">National Scout Jamboree</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Union" title="State of the Union">State of the Union Address</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2018_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2018 State of the Union Address">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2019 State of the Union Address">2019</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_State_of_the_Union_Address" title="2020 State of the Union Address">2020</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_Oval_Office_address" title="2019 Oval Office address">2019 Oval Office address</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_Oval_Office_address" title="2020 Oval Office address">2020 Oval Office address</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump%27s_first_farewell_address" title="Donald Trump's first farewell address">Farewell address</a> (2021)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Political_positions_of_Donald_Trump" title="Political positions of Donald Trump">Policies</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Economic_policy_of_the_first_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Economic policy of the first Donald Trump administration">Economy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tax_Cuts_and_Jobs_Act_of_2017" class="mw-redirect" title="Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017">tax cuts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93United_States_trade_war" title="China–United States trade war">China trade war</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trump_tariffs" title="Trump tariffs">tariffs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States%E2%80%93Mexico%E2%80%93Canada_Agreement" title="United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement">USMCA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_policy_of_the_first_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Environmental policy of the first Donald Trump administration">Environment</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_withdrawal_from_the_Paris_Agreement" title="United States withdrawal from the Paris Agreement">Paris Agreement withdrawal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/America%27s_Water_Infrastructure_Act_of_2018" title="America's Water Infrastructure Act of 2018">America's Water Infrastructure Act of 2018</a></li></ul></li> <li>Foreign policy <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_Donald_Trump_during_the_2016_presidential_election" title="Foreign policy of Donald Trump during the 2016 presidential election">as candidate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_the_first_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Foreign policy of the first Donald Trump administration">as President</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/America_First_(policy)" title="America First (policy)">America First</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immigration_policy_of_Donald_Trump" title="Immigration policy of Donald Trump">Immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrastructure_policy_of_Donald_Trump" title="Infrastructure policy of Donald Trump">Infrastructure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_views_of_Donald_Trump" title="Racial views of Donald Trump">Racial views</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_policy_of_Donald_Trump" title="Social policy of Donald Trump">Social issues</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_policy_of_the_first_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Cannabis policy of the first Donald Trump administration">cannabis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_policy_of_the_Donald_Trump_administration" title="Space policy of the Donald Trump administration">Space policy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Political_appointments_by_Donald_Trump" title="Political appointments by Donald Trump">Personnel</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_cabinet_of_Donald_Trump" title="First cabinet of Donald Trump">Cabinet</a> <ul><li>formation</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_appointed_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of ambassadors appointed by Donald Trump">Ambassadors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_attorneys_appointed_by_Donald_Trump" title="List of United States attorneys appointed by Donald Trump">Attorneys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_economic_advisors_to_Donald_Trump" title="List of economic advisors to Donald Trump">Economic advisors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Donald_Trump_nominees_who_have_withdrawn" title="List of Donald Trump nominees who have withdrawn">Withdrawn appointees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_short-tenure_Donald_Trump_political_appointments" title="List of short-tenure Donald Trump political appointments">Short-tenure appointees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Trump_administration_dismissals_and_resignations" title="List of Trump administration dismissals and resignations">Dismissals and resignations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_dismissal_of_U.S._attorneys" title="2017 dismissal of U.S. attorneys">attorneys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dismissal_of_James_Comey" title="Dismissal of James Comey">Comey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2020_dismissal_of_inspectors_general" title="2020 dismissal of inspectors general">inspectors general</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Barack_Obama" title="Presidency of Barack Obama">← Obama administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presidency_of_Joe_Biden" title="Presidency of Joe Biden">Biden administration →</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output 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