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<span>History</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footpaths_and_roads" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footpaths_and_roads"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Footpaths and roads</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Footpaths_and_roads-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Footpaths and roads subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Footpaths_and_roads-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Outdoor_pedestrian_networks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Outdoor_pedestrian_networks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Outdoor pedestrian networks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Outdoor_pedestrian_networks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Indoor_pedestrian_networks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Indoor_pedestrian_networks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Indoor pedestrian networks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Indoor_pedestrian_networks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pedestrianisation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pedestrianisation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Pedestrianisation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pedestrianisation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Safety_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Safety_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Safety issues</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Safety_issues-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Safety issues subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Safety_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Safety_trends" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Safety_trends"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Safety trends</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Safety_trends-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Road_design_impact_on_safety" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Road_design_impact_on_safety"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Road design impact on safety</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Road_design_impact_on_safety-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Seasonality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seasonality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Seasonality</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seasonality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health_benefits_and_environment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health_benefits_and_environment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Health benefits and environment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health_benefits_and_environment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Unicode" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unicode"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Unicode</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unicode-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pedestrian</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 48 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-48" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">48 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%A9" title="مشاة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مشاة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piat%C3%B3n" title="Piatón – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Piatón" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piyada" title="Piyada – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Piyada" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%80" title="পথচারী – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পথচারী" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Пешаход – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Пешаход" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%86" title="Пешеходец – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Пешеходец" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vianant" title="Vianant – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Vianant" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD_%C3%A7%D3%B3%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%C3%A7%C4%95" title="Çуран çӳревçĕ – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Çуран çӳревçĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chodec" title="Chodec – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Chodec" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fodg%C3%A6nger" title="Fodgænger – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Fodgænger" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fu%C3%9Fg%C3%A4nger" title="Fußgänger – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Fußgänger" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalak%C3%A4ija" title="Jalakäija – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Jalakäija" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peat%C3%B3n" title="Peatón – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Peatón" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piediranto" title="Piediranto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Piediranto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oinezko" title="Oinezko – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Oinezko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%87" title="عابر پیاده – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="عابر پیاده" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pi%C3%A9ton" title="Piéton – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Piéton" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pe%C3%B3n_(viandante)" title="Peón (viandante) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Peón (viandante)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B3%B4%ED%96%89%EC%9E%90" title="보행자 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="보행자" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%B8%D5%BF%D5%B6" title="Հետիոտն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հետիոտն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pje%C5%A1ak" title="Pješak – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Pješak" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pejalan_kaki" title="Pejalan kaki – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pejalan kaki" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%C3%A6%D0%B3%D0%B4%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%83" title="Фистæгдзау – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Фистæгдзау" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedone_(codice_della_strada)" title="Pedone (codice della strada) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Pedone (codice della strada)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%9A_%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%9C" title="הולך רגל – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הולך רגל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A6%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BF" title="ಪಾದಚಾರಿ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪಾದಚಾರಿ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foussg%C3%A4nger" title="Foussgänger – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Foussgänger" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Пешак – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Пешак" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pejalan_kaki" title="Pejalan kaki – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pejalan kaki" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voetganger" title="Voetganger – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Voetganger" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%AD%A9%E8%A1%8C%E8%80%85" title="歩行者 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="歩行者" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotgjenger" title="Fotgjenger – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fotgjenger" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotgjengar" title="Fotgjengar – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Fotgjengar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieszy" title="Pieszy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Pieszy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedestre" title="Pedestre – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Pedestre" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieton" title="Pieton – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Pieton" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Пешеход – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Пешеход" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedestrian" title="Pedestrian – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Pedestrian" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pe%C5%A1ec" title="Pešec – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Pešec" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%95" title="پیادە – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پیادە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Пешак – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Пешак" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pje%C5%A1ak" title="Pješak – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Pješak" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalankulkija" title="Jalankulkija – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jalankulkija" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotg%C3%A4ngare" title="Fotgängare – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Fotgängare" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaya" title="Yaya – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Yaya" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D1%88%D0%BE%D1%85%D1%96%D0%B4" title="Пішохід – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Пішохід" 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.hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Pedestrian_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Pedestrian (disambiguation)">Pedestrian (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CrossWalk_(5465840138).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/CrossWalk_%285465840138%29.jpg/250px-CrossWalk_%285465840138%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/CrossWalk_%285465840138%29.jpg/375px-CrossWalk_%285465840138%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/CrossWalk_%285465840138%29.jpg/500px-CrossWalk_%285465840138%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4141" data-file-height="2760" /></a><figcaption>Pedestrians on a <a href="/wiki/Crosswalk" class="mw-redirect" title="Crosswalk">crosswalk</a> in <a href="/wiki/Buenos_Aires" title="Buenos Aires">Buenos Aires</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pedestre.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Pedestre.JPG/220px-Pedestre.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Pedestre.JPG/330px-Pedestre.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Pedestre.JPG/440px-Pedestre.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>A sign in <a href="/wiki/Belo_Horizonte" title="Belo Horizonte">Belo Horizonte</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, directing pedestrians to an <a href="/wiki/Footbridge" title="Footbridge">overpass</a> for safe crossing.</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>pedestrian</b> is a person traveling on foot, whether walking or running.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In modern times, the term usually refers to someone walking on a road or pavement (US: sidewalk), but this was not the case historically.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Pedestrians may also be wheelchair users or other disabled people who use <a href="/wiki/Mobility_aid" title="Mobility aid">mobility aids</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedestrian&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/pedestrian" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/pedestrian">pedestrian</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <p>The meaning of pedestrian is displayed with the <a href="/wiki/Morpheme" title="Morpheme">morphemes</a> <i>ped-</i> ('foot') and <i>-ian</i> ('characteristic of').<sup id="cite_ref-:0_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This word is derived from the Latin term <i>pedester</i> ('going on foot') and was first used (in the English language) during the 18th century.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was originally used, and can still be used today, as an adjective meaning plain or dull.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, in this article it takes on its noun form and refers to someone who walks. </p><p>The word pedestrian may have been used in middle French in the <i><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recueil_des_Croniques_et_Anchiennes_Istories_de_la_Grant_Bretaigne,_%C3%A0_pr%C3%A9sent_nomm%C3%A9_Engleterre" class="extiw" title="fr:Recueil des Croniques et Anchiennes Istories de la Grant Bretaigne, à présent nommé Engleterre">Recueil des Croniques et Anchiennes Istories de la Grant Bretaigne</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedestrian&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Pedestrianism" title="Pedestrianism">Pedestrianism</a></div> <p>Walking has always been the primary means of human locomotion. The first humans to migrate from Africa, about 60,000 years ago, walked.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They walked along the coast of India to reach Australia. They walked across Asia to reach the Americas, and from Central Asia into Europe. </p><p>With the advent of the cars at the beginning of the 20th century, the main story is that the cars took over, and "people chose the car", but there were many groups and movements that held on to walking as their preferred means of daily transport and some who organised to promote walking, and to counterbalance the widely-held view that often favoured cars, e.g. as related by <a href="/wiki/Peter_Norton_(historian)" title="Peter Norton (historian)">Peter Norton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the 18th and 19th centuries, <a href="/wiki/Pedestrianism" title="Pedestrianism">pedestrianism</a> (walking) was non a popular spectator sport, just as <a href="/wiki/Equestrianism" title="Equestrianism">equestrianism</a> (riding) still is in places. One of the most famous pedestrians of that period was Captain <a href="/wiki/Robert_Barclay_Allardice" title="Robert Barclay Allardice">Robert Barclay Allardice</a>, known as "The Celebrated Pedestrian", of <a href="/wiki/Stonehaven" title="Stonehaven">Stonehaven</a> in Scotland. His most impressive feat was to walk 1 mile (1.6 km) every hour for 1000 hours, which he achieved between 1 June and 12 July 1809. This feat captured many people's imagination, and around 10,000 people came to watch over the course of the event. During the rest of the 19th century, many people tried to repeat this feat, including <a href="/wiki/Ada_Anderson" title="Ada Anderson">Ada Anderson</a> who developed it further and walked a half-mile (800 m) each quarter-hour over the 1000 hours. </p><p>Since the 20th century, interest in walking as a sport has dropped. <a href="/wiki/Racewalking" title="Racewalking">Racewalking</a> is still an <a href="/wiki/Olympic_Games" title="Olympic Games">Olympic</a> sport, but fails to catch public attention as it did. However major walking feats are still performed, such as the <a href="/wiki/Land%27s_End_to_John_o%27_Groats" title="Land's End to John o' Groats">Land's End to John o' Groats</a> walk in the United Kingdom, and the traversal of North America from coast to coast. The first person to walk around the world was <a href="/wiki/Dave_Kunst" title="Dave Kunst">Dave Kunst</a> who started his walk traveling east from <a href="/wiki/Waseca,_Minnesota" title="Waseca, Minnesota">Waseca, Minnesota</a> on 20 June 1970 and completed his journey on 5 October 1974, when he re-entered the town from the west. These feats are often tied to <a href="/wiki/Charitable_organization" title="Charitable organization">charitable</a> <a href="/wiki/Fundraising" title="Fundraising">fundraising</a> and are undertaken, among others, by celebrities such as Sir <a href="/wiki/Jimmy_Savile" title="Jimmy Savile">Jimmy Savile</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ian_Botham" title="Ian Botham">Ian Botham</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footpaths_and_roads">Footpaths and roads</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedestrian&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Footpaths and roads"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Outdoor_pedestrian_networks">Outdoor pedestrian networks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedestrian&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Outdoor pedestrian networks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Colecci%C3%B3n_de_hombres_cruzando.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Colecci%C3%B3n_de_hombres_cruzando.JPG/220px-Colecci%C3%B3n_de_hombres_cruzando.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Colecci%C3%B3n_de_hombres_cruzando.JPG/330px-Colecci%C3%B3n_de_hombres_cruzando.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Colecci%C3%B3n_de_hombres_cruzando.JPG/440px-Colecci%C3%B3n_de_hombres_cruzando.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4915" data-file-height="3326" /></a><figcaption>Pedestrian signal in <a href="/wiki/Santa_Ana_(California)" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Ana (California)">Santa Ana</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bauman_Street.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Bauman_Street.jpg/160px-Bauman_Street.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Bauman_Street.jpg/240px-Bauman_Street.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Bauman_Street.jpg/320px-Bauman_Street.jpg 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>The pedestrian <a href="/wiki/Baumana_Street,_Kazan" class="mw-redirect" title="Baumana Street, Kazan">Bauman Street</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kazan" title="Kazan">Kazan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yieldpeds.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Yieldpeds.jpg/100px-Yieldpeds.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Yieldpeds.jpg/150px-Yieldpeds.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Yieldpeds.jpg/200px-Yieldpeds.jpg 2x" data-file-width="840" data-file-height="1480" /></a><figcaption>In many jurisdictions in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, one must yield to a pedestrian in a crosswalk.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LightTunnelDetroit.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/LightTunnelDetroit.jpg/200px-LightTunnelDetroit.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/LightTunnelDetroit.jpg/300px-LightTunnelDetroit.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/LightTunnelDetroit.jpg/400px-LightTunnelDetroit.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Colorful pedestrian <i>Light Tunnel</i> at Detroit's <a href="/wiki/Detroit_Metropolitan_Wayne_County_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Detroit Metropolitan Wayne County Airport">DTW airport</a>, United States.</figcaption></figure> <p>Roads often have a designated footpath for pedestrian <a href="/wiki/Traffic" title="Traffic">traffic</a>, called the <i><a href="/wiki/Sidewalk" title="Sidewalk">sidewalk</a></i> in <a href="/wiki/North_American_English" title="North American English">North American English</a>, the <i>pavement</i> in <a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">British English</a>, and the <i>footpath</i> in <a href="/wiki/Australian_English" title="Australian English">Australian</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_English" title="New Zealand English">New Zealand English</a>. There are also footpaths not associated with a road; these include urban short cuts and also rural paths used mainly by ramblers, hikers, or hill-walkers. Footpaths in mountainous or forested areas may also be called <i><a href="/wiki/Trail" title="Trail">trails</a></i>. Pedestrians share some footpaths with horses and bicycles: these paths may be known as bridleways. Other byways used by walkers are also accessible to <a href="/wiki/Vehicle" title="Vehicle">vehicles</a>. There are also many roads with no footpath. Some modern towns (such as the new suburbs of <a href="/wiki/Peterborough" title="Peterborough">Peterborough</a> in England) are designed with the network of footpaths and cycle paths almost entirely separate from the road network. </p><p>The term <i>trail</i> is also used by the authorities in some countries to mean any footpath that is not attached to a road or street.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If such footpaths are in urban environments and are meant for both pedestrians and pedal cyclists, they can be called <i><a href="/wiki/Shared_use_path" class="mw-redirect" title="Shared use path">shared use paths</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <i>multi-use paths</i> in general and official usage. нуПЬ </p><p>Some <a href="/wiki/Retailing#Shops_and_stores" class="mw-redirect" title="Retailing">shopping</a> streets are for pedestrians only. Some roads have special <a href="/wiki/Pedestrian_crossing" title="Pedestrian crossing">pedestrian crossings</a>. A bridge solely for pedestrians is a <a href="/wiki/Footbridge" title="Footbridge">footbridge</a>. </p><p>In Britain, regardless of whether there is a footpath, pedestrians have the legal right to use most public roads, excluding motorways and some toll tunnels and bridges such as the <a href="/wiki/Blackwall_Tunnel" title="Blackwall Tunnel">Blackwall Tunnel</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Dartford_Crossing" title="Dartford Crossing">Dartford Crossing</a> — although sometimes it may endanger the pedestrian and other road users. <a href="/wiki/The_Highway_Code" title="The Highway Code">The UK Highway Code</a> advises that pedestrians should walk in the opposite direction to oncoming traffic on a road with no footpath.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Indoor_pedestrian_networks">Indoor pedestrian networks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedestrian&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Indoor pedestrian networks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Indoor pedestrian networks connect the different rooms or spaces of a building. Airports, museums, campuses, hospitals and shopping centres might have tools allowing for the computation of the shortest paths between two destinations. Their increasing availability is due to the complexity of path finding in these facilities.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Different mapping tools, such as <a href="/wiki/OpenStreetMap" title="OpenStreetMap">OpenStreetMap</a>, are extending to indoor spaces.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pedestrianisation">Pedestrianisation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedestrian&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Pedestrianisation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Mobility_transition" title="Mobility transition">Mobility transition</a></div> <p>Pedestrianisation might be considered as a process of removing vehicular traffic from city streets or restricting vehicular access to streets for use by pedestrians, to improve the environment and safety.<sup id="cite_ref-who.int_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-who.int-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Efforts are under way by pedestrian <a href="/wiki/Advocacy" title="Advocacy">advocacy</a> groups to restore pedestrian access to new developments, especially to counteract newer developments, 20% to 30% of which in the United States do not include footpaths. Some activists advocate large <a href="/wiki/Pedestrian_zones" class="mw-redirect" title="Pedestrian zones">pedestrian zones</a> where only pedestrians, or pedestrians and some non-motorised vehicles, are allowed. Many <a href="/wiki/Urbanist" class="mw-redirect" title="Urbanist">urbanists</a> have extolled the virtues of pedestrian streets in urban areas. In the US the proportion of households without a car is 8%, but a notable exception is <a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_New_York_City" title="Transportation in New York City">New York City</a>, the only locality in the United States where more than half of all households do not own a car (the figure is even higher in Manhattan, over 75%).<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The use of cars for short journeys is officially discouraged in many parts of the world, and construction or separation of dedicated walking routes in city centres receives a high priority in many large cities in Western Europe, often in conjunction with <a href="/wiki/Public_transport" title="Public transport">public transport</a> enhancements. In <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a>, the world's longest pedestrian shopping area, <a href="/wiki/Str%C3%B8get" title="Strøget">Strøget</a>, has been developed over the last 40 years, principally due to the work of Danish architect <a href="/wiki/Jan_Gehl" title="Jan Gehl">Jan Gehl</a>, a principle of urban design known as <i><a href="/wiki/Copenhagenization_(bicycling)" class="mw-redirect" title="Copenhagenization (bicycling)">copenhagenisation</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Safety_issues">Safety issues</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedestrian&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Safety issues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ZoSS.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/ZoSS.jpg/220px-ZoSS.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/ZoSS.jpg/330px-ZoSS.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/ZoSS.jpg/440px-ZoSS.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption>A crossing for school children in <a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Safety is an important issue where cars can cross the pedestrian way. Drivers and pedestrians share some responsibility for improving safety of road users.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Road traffic crashes are not inevitable; they are both predictable and preventable.<sup id="cite_ref-who.int_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-who.int-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Key risks for pedestrians are well known. Among the well-documented factors are driver behaviour (including speeding and drunk driving); infrastructure missing facilities (including pavements, crossings and <a href="/wiki/Refuge_island" title="Refuge island">islands</a>); and vehicle designs which are not forgiving to pedestrians struck by a vehicle.<sup id="cite_ref-who.int_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-who.int-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Traffic Injury Research Foundation describes pedestrians as vulnerable road users because they are not protected in the same way as occupants of motor vehicles.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is an increasing focus on pedestrians versus motor vehicles in many countries.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Most pedestrian injuries occur while they are crossing a street.<sup id="cite_ref-who.int_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-who.int-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most crashes involving a pedestrian occur at night.<sup id="cite_ref-who.int_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-who.int-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most pedestrian fatalities are killed by a frontal impact. In such a situation, an adult pedestrian is struck by a car front (for instance, the bumper touches either the leg or knee-joint area), accelerating the lower part of the body forward while "the upper body is rotated and accelerated relative to the car," at which point the pelvis and thorax are hit.<sup id="cite_ref-who.int_13-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-who.int-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Then the head hits the windscreen at the velocity of the striking car. Finally, the victim falls to the ground.<sup id="cite_ref-who.int_13-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-who.int-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Research has shown that urban crimes, or the mere perception of crimes, severely affect the mental and physical health of pedestrians. Inter-pedestrian behaviour, without the involvement of vehicles, is also a key factor to pedestrian safety.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some special interest groups consider pedestrian fatalities on American roads a carnage.<sup id="cite_ref-Aratani_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aratani-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Five states – Arizona, California, Florida, Georgia and Texas – are the site of 46% of all pedestrian deaths in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-Aratani_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aratani-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The advent of <a href="/wiki/SUV" title="SUV">SUVs</a> is considered a leading cause;<sup id="cite_ref-Freep_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Freep-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> speculation of other factors includes population growth, driver distraction with mobile phones, poor street lighting, alcohol and drugs and speeding.<sup id="cite_ref-Aratani_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aratani-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cities have had mixed results in addressing pedestrian safety with Vision zero plan: Los Angeles fails while NYC has had success. Nonetheless, in the US, some pedestrians have just 40 seconds to cross a street 10 lanes wide.<sup id="cite_ref-Aratani_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Aratani-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pedestrian fatalities are much more common in accident situations in the European Union than in the United States. In the European Union countries, more than 200,000 pedestrians and cyclists are injured annually.<sup id="cite_ref-safetyresearch.net_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-safetyresearch.net-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also, each year, more than 270 000 pedestrians lose their lives on the world's roads.<sup id="cite_ref-who.int_13-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-who.int-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At a global level pedestrians constitute 22% of all road deaths,<sup id="cite_ref-who.int_13-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-who.int-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but might be two-thirds in some countries.<sup id="cite_ref-who.int_13-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-who.int-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pedestrian fatalities, in 2016, were<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The date of the event predicted near this tag has passed. (April 2024)">needs update</span></a></i>]</sup> 2.6 per million population in the Netherlands, 4.3 in Sweden, 4.5 in Wales, 5.3 in New Zealand, 6.0 in Germany; 7.1 in the whole United Kingdom, 7.5 in Australia, 8.4 in France, 8.4 in Spain, 9.4 in Italy, 11.1 in Israel, 13 in Japan, 13.8 in Greece, 18.5 in the United States, 22.9 in Poland, and 36.3 in Romania.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Safety_trends">Safety trends</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedestrian&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Safety trends"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table> <tbody><tr> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Notice plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width:100%;margin:0;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style="text-align: left;"><div class="mbox-text-span">Graphs are unavailable due to technical issues. There is more info on <a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T334940" class="extiw" title="phab:T334940">Phabricator</a> and on <a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Graph/Plans" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:Graph/Plans">MediaWiki.org</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"> <ul><li>EU: Source CARE,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2010-2019: Source ERSO.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>United States: Source NHTSA 2016<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (FARS ARF), NHTSA 2019<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Road_design_impact_on_safety">Road design impact on safety</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedestrian&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Road design impact on safety"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Forumhelsinkikauppakeskuskadunylitys.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Forumhelsinkikauppakeskuskadunylitys.JPG/220px-Forumhelsinkikauppakeskuskadunylitys.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Forumhelsinkikauppakeskuskadunylitys.JPG/330px-Forumhelsinkikauppakeskuskadunylitys.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ad/Forumhelsinkikauppakeskuskadunylitys.JPG/440px-Forumhelsinkikauppakeskuskadunylitys.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1192" data-file-height="813" /></a><figcaption>Pedestrians ready across the street next to the <a href="/wiki/Forum_(shopping_centre)" title="Forum (shopping centre)">Forum</a> shopping center in <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></figcaption></figure> <p>It is well documented that a minor increase in speed might greatly increase the likelihood of a crash, and exacerbate resulting casualties. For this reason, the recommended maximum speed is 30 km/h (20 mph) or 40 km/h (25 mph) in residential and high pedestrian traffic areas, with enforced traffic rules on speed limits and traffic-calming measures.<sup id="cite_ref-who.int_13-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-who.int-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Euro-pedestrian_traffic_light.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Euro-pedestrian_traffic_light.gif/130px-Euro-pedestrian_traffic_light.gif" decoding="async" width="130" height="264" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Euro-pedestrian_traffic_light.gif/195px-Euro-pedestrian_traffic_light.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/Euro-pedestrian_traffic_light.gif 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="406" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Traffic_light" title="Traffic light">Traffic lights</a> for pedestrians are also a factor in increasing safety. Animated pedestrian traffic light showing the pan-European sign.</figcaption></figure> <p>The design of road and streets plays a key role in pedestrian safety. Roads are too often designed for motorized vehicles, without taking into account pedestrian and bicycle needs. The non-existence of sidewalk and signals increases risk for pedestrians. This defect might more easily be observed on arterial roadways, intersections and fast-speed lanes without adequate attention to pedestrian facilities.<sup id="cite_ref-who.int_13-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-who.int-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For instance, an assessment of roads in countries from many continents shows that 84% of roads are without pedestrian footpaths, while maximum limited speed is greater than 40 km/h.<sup id="cite_ref-who.int_13-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-who.int-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Among the factors which reduce road safety for pedestrians are wider lanes, roadway widening, and roadways designed for higher speeds and with increased numbers of traffic lanes.<sup id="cite_ref-who.int_13-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-who.int-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For this reason, some European cities such as <a href="/wiki/Freiburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Freiburg">Freiburg</a> (Germany) have lowered the speed limit to 30 km/h on 90% of its streets, to reduce risk for its 15 000 people. With such policy, 24% of daily trips are performed by foot, against 28% by bicycles, 20% by public transport and 28% by car. (See <a href="/wiki/Zone_30" class="mw-redirect" title="Zone 30">Zone 30</a>.)<sup id="cite_ref-who.int_13-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-who.int-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A similar set of policies to discourage the use of cars and increase safety for pedestrians has been implemented by the Northern European capitals of Oslo and Helsinki. In 2019, this resulted in both cities counting zero pedestrian deaths for the first time.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Seasonality">Seasonality</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedestrian&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Seasonality"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Europe, pedestrian fatalities have a seasonal factor, with 6% of annual fatalities occurring in April but 13% (twice more) in December. The rationale for such a change might be complex.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Health_benefits_and_environment">Health benefits and environment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedestrian&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Health benefits and environment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pedestrians_in_Pornainen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Pedestrians_in_Pornainen.jpg/220px-Pedestrians_in_Pornainen.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Pedestrians_in_Pornainen.jpg/330px-Pedestrians_in_Pornainen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/Pedestrians_in_Pornainen.jpg/440px-Pedestrians_in_Pornainen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3574" data-file-height="2436" /></a><figcaption>Pedestrians walking in winter conditions in <a href="/wiki/Pornainen" title="Pornainen">Pornainen</a>, Finland.</figcaption></figure> <p>Regular walking is important both for human health and for the <a href="/wiki/Natural_environment" title="Natural environment">natural environment</a>. Frequent exercise such as walking tends to reduce the chance of <a href="/wiki/Obesity" title="Obesity">obesity</a> and related medical problems. In contrast, using a car for short trips tends to contribute both to obesity and via vehicle emissions to climate change: <a href="/wiki/Internal_combustion_engine" title="Internal combustion engine">internal combustion engines</a> are more inefficient and highly polluting during their first minutes of operation (engine cold start). General availability of <a href="/wiki/Public_transportation" class="mw-redirect" title="Public transportation">public transportation</a> encourages walking, as it will not, in most cases, take one directly to one's destination. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Unicode">Unicode</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedestrian&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Unicode"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Hexadecimal" title="Hexadecimal">hexadecimal</a> code for "pedestrian" is <b>1F6B6</b>. In XML and HTML, the string <code>&#x1F6B6;</code> produces 🚶.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedestrian&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9rive" title="Dérive">Dérive</a> aimless walking usually through city streets</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Footpath" title="Footpath">Footpath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaywalking" title="Jaywalking">Jaywalking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junior_safety_patrol" title="Junior safety patrol">Junior safety patrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_U.S._cities_with_most_pedestrian_commuters" title="List of U.S. cities with most pedestrian commuters">List of U.S. cities with most pedestrian commuters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedestrian_village" title="Pedestrian village">Pedestrian village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedestrian_zone" title="Pedestrian zone">Pedestrian zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_reclamation" title="Street reclamation">Street reclamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traffic_calming" title="Traffic calming">Traffic calming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trail_ethics" title="Trail ethics">Trail ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walkability" title="Walkability">Walkability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walking_audit" title="Walking audit">Walking audit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walking" title="Walking">Walking</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedestrian&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://safety.fhwa.dot.gov/PED_BIKE/univcourse/pdf/swless17.pdf">"Pedestrians With Disabilities"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/Federal_Highway_Administration" title="Federal Highway Administration">Federal Highway Administration</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pedestrians+With+Disabilities&rft.pub=Federal+Highway+Administration&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsafety.fhwa.dot.gov%2FPED_BIKE%2Funivcourse%2Fpdf%2Fswless17.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APedestrian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunmoreFleischer2008" class="citation book cs1">Dunmore, Charles; Fleischer, Rita (2008). <i>Studies in Etymology (Second ed.)</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.merriam-webster.com&rft.atitle=Definition+of+PEDESTRIAN&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fdictionary%2Fpedestrian%23h1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APedestrian" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=pedestrian&allowed_in_frame=0">"Online Etymology Dictionary"</a>. <i>www.etymonline.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160702051541/http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=pedestrian&allowed_in_frame=0">Archived</a> from the original on 2 July 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/pedestrian" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/pedestrian">pedestrian</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div 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class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Walking" title="Template:Walking"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Walking" title="Template talk:Walking"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Walking" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Walking"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Walking_culture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Walking" title="Walking">Walking</a> culture</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Aids, groups and<br />equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bematist" title="Bematist">Bematist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baby_walker" title="Baby walker">Baby walker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crossing_guard" title="Crossing guard">Crossing guard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dog_walking" title="Dog walking">Dog walking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guide_dog" title="Guide dog">Guide dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedometer" title="Pedometer">Pedometer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walker_(mobility)" title="Walker (mobility)">Walker (mobility)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walking_bus" title="Walking bus">Walking bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walking_stick" title="Walking stick">Walking stick</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dromomania" title="Dromomania">Dromomania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand_walking" title="Hand walking">Hand walking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knuckle-walking" title="Knuckle-walking">Knuckle-walking</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pedestrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Preferred_walking_speed" title="Preferred walking speed">Preferred walking speed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walkability" title="Walkability">Walkability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walking_distance_measure" title="Walking distance measure">Walking distance measure</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Environment and<br />infrastructure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alley" title="Alley">Alley</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ginnel" title="Ginnel">Ginnel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drovers%27_road" title="Drovers' road">Drovers' road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esplanade" title="Esplanade">Esplanade</a>/Promenade</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Footpath" title="Footpath">Footpath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedestrian_crossing" title="Pedestrian crossing">Pedestrian crossing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedestrian_village" title="Pedestrian village">Pedestrian village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedestrian_zone" title="Pedestrian zone">Pedestrian zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stile" title="Stile">Stile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xiaol%C3%BCren" title="Xiaolüren">Xiaolüren</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Leisure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fl%C3%A2neur" title="Flâneur">Flâneur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiking" title="Hiking">Hiking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_long-distance_footpaths" title="List of long-distance footpaths">Long-distance footpaths</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mall_walking" title="Mall walking">Mall walking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordic_walking" title="Nordic walking">Nordic walking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shatapawali" title="Shatapawali">Shatapawali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Power_walking" title="Power walking">Speed walking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strolling" title="Strolling">Strolling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walking_tour" title="Walking tour">Walking tour</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pedestrian_circumnavigators" title="List of pedestrian circumnavigators">Pedestrian circumnavigators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedestrianism" title="Pedestrianism">Pedestrianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racewalking" title="Racewalking">Racewalking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_marathon" title="Slow marathon">Slow marathon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Initiatives<br />and campaigns</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_charter_for_walking" title="International charter for walking">International charter for walking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Federation_of_Pedestrians" title="International Federation of Pedestrians">International Federation of Pedestrians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metrominuto" title="Metrominuto">Metrominuto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Pedestrian_Day" title="National Pedestrian Day">National Pedestrian Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Urbanism" title="New Urbanism">New Urbanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walk_Safely_to_School_Day" title="Walk Safely to School Day">Walk Safely to School Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walkathon" title="Walkathon">Walkathon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walking_Artists_Network" title="Walking Artists Network">Walking Artists Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walking_audit" title="Walking audit">Walking audit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link 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