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</div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Types_of_public_transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Types of public transport subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Types_of_public_transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Comparing_modes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comparing_modes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Comparing modes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comparing_modes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Airline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Airline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Airline</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Airline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bus_and_coach" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bus_and_coach"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Bus and coach</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bus_and_coach-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Electric_buses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electric_buses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Electric buses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electric_buses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Train" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Train"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Train</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Train-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Intercity_and_High-speed_rail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Intercity_and_High-speed_rail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>Intercity and High-speed rail</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Intercity_and_High-speed_rail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Urban_rail_transit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urban_rail_transit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Urban rail transit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Urban_rail_transit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Commuter_rail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Commuter_rail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>Commuter rail</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Commuter_rail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rapid_transit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rapid_transit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.8</span> <span>Rapid transit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rapid_transit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-People_mover" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#People_mover"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.9</span> <span>People mover</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-People_mover-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tram" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tram"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.10</span> <span>Tram</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tram-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Light_rail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Light_rail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.11</span> <span>Light rail</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Light_rail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Monorail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Monorail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.12</span> <span>Monorail</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Monorail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Personal_rapid_transit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Personal_rapid_transit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.13</span> <span>Personal rapid transit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Personal_rapid_transit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cable-propelled_transit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cable-propelled_transit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.14</span> <span>Cable-propelled transit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cable-propelled_transit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ferry" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ferry"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.15</span> <span>Ferry</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ferry-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cycleway_network" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cycleway_network"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.16</span> <span>Cycleway network</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cycleway_network-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Electric_bikes_and_scooters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Electric_bikes_and_scooters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.17</span> <span>Electric bikes and scooters</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Electric_bikes_and_scooters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Operation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Operation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Operation</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Operation-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Operation subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Operation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Infrastructure</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interchanges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interchanges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Interchanges</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interchanges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Timetables" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Timetables"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Timetables</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Timetables-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Financing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Financing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Financing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Financing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Fare_and_ticketing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fare_and_ticketing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.1</span> <span>Fare and ticketing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fare_and_ticketing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Revenue,_profit_and_subsidies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Revenue,_profit_and_subsidies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.2</span> <span>Revenue, profit and subsidies</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Revenue,_profit_and_subsidies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Safety_and_security" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Safety_and_security"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Safety and security</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Safety_and_security-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Impact" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Impact"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Impact</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Impact-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Impact subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Impact-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Accessibility" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accessibility"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Accessibility</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Accessibility-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environmental" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environmental"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Environmental</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Environmental-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Land_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Land_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Land use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Land_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Societal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Societal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Societal</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Societal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Social_issues" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social_issues"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Social issues</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Social_issues-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Social issues subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Social_issues-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Impact_of_COVID-19_pandemic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Impact_of_COVID-19_pandemic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Impact of COVID-19 pandemic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Impact_of_COVID-19_pandemic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Public transport</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 70 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-70" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">70 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B5%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="مواصلات عمومية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مواصلات عمومية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tresporte_p%C3%BAblicu" title="Tresporte públicu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Tresporte públicu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0ctimai_n%C9%99qliyyat" title="İctimai nəqliyyat – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="İctimai nəqliyyat" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%97%E0%A6%A3%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%B9%E0%A6%A8" title="গণপরিবহন – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="গণপরিবহন" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paangkutan_awam" title="Paangkutan awam – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Paangkutan awam" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kong-ki%C5%8Dng_%C5%ABn-su" title="Kong-kiōng ūn-su – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kong-kiōng ūn-su" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%96_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82" title="Грамадскі транспарт – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Грамадскі транспарт" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82" title="Обществен транспорт – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Обществен транспорт" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_p%C3%BAblic" title="Transport públic – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Transport públic" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%C4%95%D1%80%D0%BB%C4%95%D1%85_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%87%C4%95" title="Пĕрлĕх транспорчĕ – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Пĕрлĕх транспорчĕ" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ve%C5%99ejn%C3%A1_doprava" title="Veřejná doprava – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Veřejná doprava" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kollektiv_trafik" title="Kollektiv trafik – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kollektiv trafik" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96ffentlicher_Verkehr" title="Öffentlicher Verkehr – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Öffentlicher Verkehr" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Chistransport" title="Ühistransport – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ühistransport" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transporte_p%C3%BAblico" title="Transporte público – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Transporte público" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Publika_transporto" title="Publika transporto – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Publika transporto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garraio_publiko" title="Garraio publiko – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Garraio publiko" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%B9%D9%85%D9%88%D9%85%DB%8C" title="ترابری عمومی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ترابری عمومی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_en_commun" title="Transport en commun – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Transport en commun" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transporte_p%C3%BAblico" title="Transporte público – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Transporte público" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8C%80%EC%A4%91%EA%B5%90%ED%86%B5" title="대중교통 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="대중교통" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A1%D5%BD%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%BF%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%BD%D5%BA%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%BF" title="Հասարակական տրանսպորտ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հասարակական տրանսպորտ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javni_prijevoz" title="Javni prijevoz – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Javni prijevoz" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Publika_transporto" title="Publika transporto – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Publika transporto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transportasi_umum" title="Transportasi umum – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Transportasi umum" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Almenningssamg%C3%B6ngur" title="Almenningssamgöngur – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Almenningssamgöngur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trasporto_pubblico" title="Trasporto pubblico – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Trasporto pubblico" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%97%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%94_%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%AA" title="תחבורה ציבורית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תחבורה ציבורית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%96%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%95%E1%83%98_%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98" title="საზოგადოებრივი ტრანსპორტი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="საზოგადოებრივი ტრანსპორტი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%9A%D0%BE%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B4%D1%8B%D2%9B_%D0%BA%D3%A9%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BA" title="Қоғамдық көлік – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Қоғамдық көлік" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usafiri_wa_umma" title="Usafiri wa umma – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Usafiri wa umma" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabiedriskais_transports" title="Sabiedriskais transports – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Sabiedriskais transports" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vie%C5%A1asis_transportas" title="Viešasis transportas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Viešasis transportas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B6megk%C3%B6zleked%C3%A9s" title="Tömegközlekedés – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Tömegközlekedés" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7" title="Јавен превоз – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Јавен превоз" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pengangkutan_awam" title="Pengangkutan awam – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pengangkutan awam" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%82%D1%8D%D1%8D%D0%B2%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Нийтийн тээвэр – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Нийтийн тээвэр" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Openbaar_vervoer" title="Openbaar vervoer – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Openbaar vervoer" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4" title="सार्वजनिक यातायात – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="सार्वजनिक यातायात" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A%E6%A9%9F%E9%96%A2" title="公共交通機関 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="公共交通機関" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%8A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82" title="Йукъараллин транспорт – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Йукъараллин транспорт" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kollektivtrafikk" title="Kollektivtrafikk – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kollektivtrafikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kollektivtransport" title="Kollektivtransport – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kollektivtransport" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transp%C3%B2rt_public" title="Transpòrt public – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Transpòrt public" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%8A%E1%9E%B9%E1%9E%80%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%89%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%BC%E1%9E%93%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%92%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%8E%E1%9F%88" title="យានដឹកជញ្ជូនសាធារណៈ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="យានដឹកជញ្ជូនសាធារណៈ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Publiczny_transport_zbiorowy" title="Publiczny transport zbiorowy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Publiczny transport zbiorowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transporte_p%C3%BAblico" title="Transporte público – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Transporte público" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transport_%C3%AEn_comun" title="Transport în comun – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Transport în comun" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82" title="Общественный транспорт – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Общественный транспорт" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D0%BC%D1%8D%D1%82_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82" title="Түмэт транспорт – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Түмэт транспорт" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transporti_publik" title="Transporti publik – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Transporti publik" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trasportu_p%C3%B9bbricu" title="Trasportu pùbbricu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Trasportu pùbbricu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%94_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%84%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA" title="පොදු ප්‍රවාහනය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="පොදු ප්‍රවාහනය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_transport" title="Public transport – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Public transport" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javni_prevoz" title="Javni prevoz – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Javni prevoz" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B7" title="Јавни превоз – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Јавни превоз" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Javni_prijevoz" title="Javni prijevoz – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Javni prijevoz" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julkinen_liikenne" title="Julkinen liikenne – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Julkinen liikenne" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kollektivtrafik" title="Kollektivtrafik – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kollektivtrafik" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pampublikong_transportasyon" title="Pampublikong transportasyon – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Pampublikong transportasyon" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B0" title="การขนส่งสาธารณะ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การขนส่งสาธารณะ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toplu_ula%C5%9F%C4%B1m" title="Toplu ulaşım – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Toplu ulaşım" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82" title="Громадський транспорт – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Громадський транспорт" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trasporto_p%C3%B9blego" title="Trasporto pùblego – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Trasporto pùblego" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giao_th%C3%B4ng_c%C3%B4ng_c%E1%BB%99ng" title="Giao thông công cộng – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Giao thông công cộng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oopnboar_vervoer" title="Oopnboar vervoer – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Oopnboar vervoer" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panakayan_panpubliko" title="Panakayan panpubliko – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Panakayan panpubliko" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A" title="公共交通 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="公共交通" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A" title="公共交通 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="公共交通" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%85%AC%E5%85%B1%E4%BA%A4%E9%80%9A" title="公共交通 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="公共交通" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Shared transportation service for use by the general public</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about nonexclusive shared passenger journeys for the public. For hired vehicles or hired rides, see <a href="/wiki/Shared_transport" title="Shared transport">Shared transport</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Mass transit" and "mass transport" redirect here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Mass_transit_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Mass transit (disambiguation)">Mass transit (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:322px;max-width:322px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:158px;max-width:158px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:104px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Chongqing_Rail_Transit_Line_3_Monorail_Train_near_Xuetangwan_Station.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Monorail in China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Chongqing_Rail_Transit_Line_3_Monorail_Train_near_Xuetangwan_Station.jpg/156px-Chongqing_Rail_Transit_Line_3_Monorail_Train_near_Xuetangwan_Station.jpg" decoding="async" width="156" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Chongqing_Rail_Transit_Line_3_Monorail_Train_near_Xuetangwan_Station.jpg/234px-Chongqing_Rail_Transit_Line_3_Monorail_Train_near_Xuetangwan_Station.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Chongqing_Rail_Transit_Line_3_Monorail_Train_near_Xuetangwan_Station.jpg/312px-Chongqing_Rail_Transit_Line_3_Monorail_Train_near_Xuetangwan_Station.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:160px;max-width:160px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:104px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:MV_Suquamish_leaving_Mukilteo_(Feb._2020).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ferry in the United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/MV_Suquamish_leaving_Mukilteo_%28Feb._2020%29.jpg/158px-MV_Suquamish_leaving_Mukilteo_%28Feb._2020%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="158" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/MV_Suquamish_leaving_Mukilteo_%28Feb._2020%29.jpg/237px-MV_Suquamish_leaving_Mukilteo_%28Feb._2020%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/MV_Suquamish_leaving_Mukilteo_%28Feb._2020%29.jpg/316px-MV_Suquamish_leaving_Mukilteo_%28Feb._2020%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3436" data-file-height="2274" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:159px;max-width:159px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:104px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:LK14FBX-VWH2020-328-20240417-171551.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Bus in England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/LK14FBX-VWH2020-328-20240417-171551.jpg/157px-LK14FBX-VWH2020-328-20240417-171551.jpg" decoding="async" width="157" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/LK14FBX-VWH2020-328-20240417-171551.jpg/236px-LK14FBX-VWH2020-328-20240417-171551.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/LK14FBX-VWH2020-328-20240417-171551.jpg/314px-LK14FBX-VWH2020-328-20240417-171551.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5548" data-file-height="3701" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:159px;max-width:159px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:104px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Series-E235-0_9.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Rapid transit in Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Series-E235-0_9.jpg/157px-Series-E235-0_9.jpg" decoding="async" width="157" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Series-E235-0_9.jpg/236px-Series-E235-0_9.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Series-E235-0_9.jpg/314px-Series-E235-0_9.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5296" data-file-height="3530" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Examples of types of public transport. Clockwise from top left: A <a href="/wiki/Monorail" title="Monorail">monorail</a> in <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Ferry" title="Ferry">ferry</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Commuter_rail" title="Commuter rail">commuter rail system</a> in <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, and a <a href="/wiki/Bus" title="Bus">bus</a> in <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>.</div></div></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Too_many_photos plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Image_cancel.svg/40px-Image_cancel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Image_cancel.svg/60px-Image_cancel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Image_cancel.svg/80px-Image_cancel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="32" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>contains too many pictures for its overall length</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Relevant discussion may be found on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Public_transport##" title="Talk:Public transport">talk page</a>. Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Public_transport&action=edit">improve this article</a> by removing <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:GALLERY" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:GALLERY">indiscriminate collections of images</a> or adjusting images that are <a href="/wiki/MOS:SANDWICH" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:SANDWICH">sandwiching text</a> in accordance with the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Images" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Images">Manual of Style on use of images</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle"><a href="/wiki/Transport" title="Transport">Transport</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eee"> <a href="/wiki/Mode_of_transport" title="Mode of transport">Modes</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aviation" title="Aviation">Air</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armoured_fighting_vehicle" title="Armoured fighting vehicle">Armored fighting vehicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle" title="Bicycle">Bicycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bus" title="Bus">Bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_transport" title="Cable transport">Cable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human-powered_transport" title="Human-powered transport">Human-powered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_transport" title="Land transport">Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maritime_transport" title="Maritime transport">Water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_animal-powered_transport" class="mw-redirect" title="Outline of animal-powered transport">Animal-powered</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_rapid_transit" title="Personal rapid transit">Personal rapid transit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pipeline" title="Pipeline">Pipeline transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Powered_exoskeleton" title="Powered exoskeleton">Powered exoskeleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapid_transit" title="Rapid transit">Rapid transit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Road_transport" title="Road transport">Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spaceflight" title="Spaceflight">Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supersonic_transport" title="Supersonic transport">Supersonic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Train" title="Train">Train</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tram" title="Tram">Tram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncrewed_vehicle" title="Uncrewed vehicle">Uncrewed vehicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vactrain" title="Vactrain">Vactrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velomobile" title="Velomobile">Velomobile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walking" title="Walking">Walking</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#eee"> Topics</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/9-Euro-Ticket" title="9-Euro-Ticket">9-Euro-Ticket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Accessibility_(transport)" title="Accessibility (transport)">Accessibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_transport_accessibility_level" title="Public transport accessibility level">Accessibility level</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternatives_to_car_use" title="Alternatives to car use">Alternatives to car use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_transportation_planning_and_engineering" title="Bicycle transportation planning and engineering">Bicycle transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyclability" title="Cyclability">Cyclability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_infrastructure" title="Cycling infrastructure">Cycling infrastructure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_engineering" title="Transportation engineering">Engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_public_transport" title="Free public transport">Free public transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_transport_hierarchy" title="Green transport hierarchy">Green transport hierarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_transport" title="History of transport">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_transport" title="Outline of transport">Outline</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Public</a> / <a href="/wiki/Private_transport" title="Private transport">Private</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Personal_transporter" title="Personal transporter">Personal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Personal_public_transport" title="Personal public transport">Public</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_transport" title="Sustainable transport">Sustainable transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_transportation_technology" title="Timeline of transportation technology">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_transport_timetable" title="Public transport timetable">Timetable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_divide" title="Transport divide">Transport divide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_planning" title="Transportation planning">Transportation planning</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid;"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Transport" title="Portal:Transport">Transport portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Transport" title="Template:Transport"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Transport" title="Template talk:Transport"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Transport" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Transport"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Public transport</b> (also known as <b>public transportation</b>, <b>public transit</b>, <b>mass transit</b>, or simply <b>transit</b>) is a system of <a href="/wiki/Transport" title="Transport">transport</a> for <a href="/wiki/Passenger" title="Passenger">passengers</a> by group travel systems available for use by the general public unlike <a href="/wiki/Private_transport" title="Private transport">private transport</a>, typically managed on a schedule, operated on established routes, and that may charge a posted fee for each trip.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is no rigid definition of which kinds of transport are included, and air travel is often not thought of when discussing public transport—dictionaries use wording like "buses, trains, etc."<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Examples of public transport include <a href="/wiki/Public_transport_bus_service" title="Public transport bus service">city buses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trolleybus" title="Trolleybus">trolleybuses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tram" title="Tram">trams</a> (or <a href="/wiki/Light_rail" title="Light rail">light rail</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Passenger_rail_transport" class="mw-redirect" title="Passenger rail transport">passenger trains</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rapid_transit" title="Rapid transit">rapid transit</a> (metro/subway/underground, etc.) and <a href="/wiki/Ferry" title="Ferry">ferries</a>. Public transport between cities is dominated by <a href="/wiki/Airline" title="Airline">airlines</a>, <a href="/wiki/Intercity_bus_service" title="Intercity bus service">coaches</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Intercity_rail" class="mw-redirect" title="Intercity rail">intercity rail</a>. <a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail" title="High-speed rail">High-speed rail</a> networks are being developed in many parts of the world. </p><p>Most public transport systems run along fixed routes with set embarkation/disembarkation points to a prearranged timetable, with the most frequent services running to a <a href="/wiki/Headway" title="Headway">headway</a> (e.g.: "every 15 minutes" as opposed to being scheduled for any specific time of the day). However, most public transport trips include other modes of travel, such as passengers walking or catching bus services to access train stations.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Share_taxi" title="Share taxi">Share taxis</a> offer on-demand services in many parts of the world, which may compete with fixed public transport lines, or complement them, by bringing passengers to interchanges. <a href="/wiki/Paratransit" title="Paratransit">Paratransit</a> is sometimes used in areas of low demand and for people who need a door-to-door service.<sup id="cite_ref-PT.org_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PT.org-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Urban public transit differs distinctly among Asia, North America, and Europe. In Asia, profit-driven, privately owned and publicly traded mass transit and <a href="/wiki/Real_estate" title="Real estate">real estate</a> conglomerates predominantly operate public transit systems.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In North America, municipal <a href="/wiki/Transit_district" title="Transit district">transit authorities</a> most commonly run mass transit operations. In Europe, both state-owned and private companies predominantly operate mass transit systems. </p><p>For geographical, historical and economic reasons, differences exist internationally regarding the use and extent of public transport. The <a href="/wiki/International_Association_of_Public_Transport" title="International Association of Public Transport">International Association of Public Transport</a> (UITP) is the international network for public transport authorities and operators, policy decision-makers, scientific institutes and the public transport supply and service industry. It has over 1,900 members from more than 100 countries from all over the globe. </p><p>In recent years, some high-wealth cities have seen a decline in public transport usage. A number of sources attribute this trend to the rise in popularity of remote work, ride-sharing services, and car loans being relatively cheap across many countries. Major cities such as Toronto, Paris, Chicago, and London have seen this decline and have attempted to intervene by cutting fares and encouraging new modes of transportation, such as e-scooters and e-bikes.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because of the reduced emissions and other environmental impacts of using public transportation over private transportation, many experts have pointed to an increased investment in public transit as an important <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_mitigation" title="Climate change mitigation">climate change mitigation</a> tactic.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Public_transport&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Final_Judging_of_the_Coaching_Marathon_(3716748680)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Final_Judging_of_the_Coaching_Marathon_%283716748680%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Final_Judging_of_the_Coaching_Marathon_%283716748680%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Final_Judging_of_the_Coaching_Marathon_%283716748680%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Final_Judging_of_the_Coaching_Marathon_%283716748680%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Final_Judging_of_the_Coaching_Marathon_%283716748680%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Final_Judging_of_the_Coaching_Marathon_%283716748680%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1569" data-file-height="1475" /></a><figcaption>A coach, private or hired, for several passengers</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Newtonbostoncar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Newtonbostoncar.jpg/220px-Newtonbostoncar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Newtonbostoncar.jpg/330px-Newtonbostoncar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Newtonbostoncar.jpg/440px-Newtonbostoncar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="397" /></a><figcaption>Early trolley car in <a href="/wiki/Newton,_Massachusetts" title="Newton, Massachusetts">Newton, Massachusetts</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Conveyances designed for public hire are as old as the first <a href="/wiki/Ferry" title="Ferry">ferry service</a>. The earliest public transport was <a href="/wiki/Water_transport" class="mw-redirect" title="Water transport">water transport</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ferries appear in <a href="/wiki/Greek_mythology" title="Greek mythology">Greek mythology</a> writings. The mystical ferryman <a href="/wiki/Charon_(mythology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Charon (mythology)">Charon</a> had to be paid and would only then take passengers to <a href="/wiki/Hades" title="Hades">Hades</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some historical forms of public transport include the <a href="/wiki/Stagecoach" title="Stagecoach">stagecoaches</a> traveling a fixed route between <a href="/wiki/Coaching_inn" title="Coaching inn">coaching inns</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Horse-drawn_boat" title="Horse-drawn boat">horse-drawn boat</a> carrying paying passengers, which was a feature of European <a href="/wiki/Canal" title="Canal">canals</a> from the 17th century onwards. The canal itself as a form of infrastructure dates back to antiquity. In <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">ancient Egypt</a> canals were used for <a href="/wiki/Freight_transportation" class="mw-redirect" title="Freight transportation">freight transportation</a> to bypass the <a href="/wiki/Aswan" title="Aswan">Aswan</a> cataract. The Chinese also built canals for water transportation as far back as the <a href="/wiki/Warring_States_period" title="Warring States period">warring States period</a><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which began in the 5th century BCE. Whether or not those canals were used for for-hire public transport remains unknown; the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Canal_(China)" title="Grand Canal (China)">Grand Canal</a> in China (begun in 486 BCE) served primarily the <a href="/wiki/Grain_trade" title="Grain trade">grain trade</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Bus" title="Bus">bus</a>, the first organized public transit system within a city, appears to have originated in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> in 1662,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although the service in question, <a href="/wiki/Carrosses_%C3%A0_cinq_sols" title="Carrosses à cinq sols">Carrosses à cinq sols</a> (English: five-sol coaches), which have been developed by mathematician and philosopher <a href="/wiki/Blaise_Pascal" title="Blaise Pascal">Blaise Pascal</a>, lasted only fifteen years until 1677.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Buses are known to have operated in <a href="/wiki/Nantes" title="Nantes">Nantes</a> in 1826. The public bus transport system was introduced to <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> in July 1829.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first passenger <a href="/wiki/Horse-drawn_vehicle" title="Horse-drawn vehicle">horse-drawn vehicle</a> opened in 1806. It ran along the <a href="/wiki/Swansea_and_Mumbles_Railway" title="Swansea and Mumbles Railway">Swansea and Mumbles Railway</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1825 <a href="/wiki/George_Stephenson" title="George Stephenson">George Stephenson</a> built the <i><a href="/wiki/Locomotion_No_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Locomotion No 1">Locomotion No 1</a></i> for the <a href="/wiki/Stockton_and_Darlington_Railway" title="Stockton and Darlington Railway">Stockton and Darlington Railway</a> in <a href="/wiki/North_East_England" title="North East England">northeast</a> England, the first public steam railway in the world. The world's first steam-powered <a href="/wiki/Underground_railway_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Underground railway system">underground railway</a> opened in London in 1863.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first successful electric <a href="/wiki/Streetcar" class="mw-redirect" title="Streetcar">streetcar</a> was built for 11 miles of track for the Union Passenger Railway in Tallahassee, Florida, in 1888. Electric streetcars could carry heavier passenger loads than predecessors, which reduced fares and stimulated greater transit use. Two years after the Richmond success, over thirty two thousand electric streetcars were operating in America. Electric streetcars also paved the way for the first <a href="/wiki/Rapid_transit" title="Rapid transit">subway</a> system in America. Before electric streetcars, steam powered subways were considered. However, most people believed that riders would avoid the smoke filled subway tunnels from the steam engines. In 1894, Boston built the first subway in the United States, an electric streetcar line in a 1.5-mile tunnel under Tremont Street's retail district. Other cities quickly followed, constructing thousands of miles of subway in the following decades.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 2020, Luxembourg abolished fares for trains, trams and buses and became the first country in the world to make all public transport free.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> specifies that public transportation is within urban areas, but does not limit its discussion of the topic to urban areas.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types_of_public_transport">Types of public transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Public_transport&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Types of public transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Comparing_modes">Comparing modes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Public_transport&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Comparing modes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Passenger_Capacity_of_different_Transport_Modes.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Passenger_Capacity_of_different_Transport_Modes.png/220px-Passenger_Capacity_of_different_Transport_Modes.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="246" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Passenger_Capacity_of_different_Transport_Modes.png/330px-Passenger_Capacity_of_different_Transport_Modes.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Passenger_Capacity_of_different_Transport_Modes.png/440px-Passenger_Capacity_of_different_Transport_Modes.png 2x" data-file-width="3722" data-file-height="4159" /></a><figcaption>Passenger Capacity of different Transport Modes</figcaption></figure> <p>Seven criteria estimate the usability of different types of public transport and its overall appeal. The criteria are speed, comfort, safety, cost, proximity, timeliness and directness.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Speed is calculated from total journey time including transfers. Proximity means how far passengers must walk or otherwise travel before they can begin the public transport leg of their journey and how close it leaves them to their desired destination. Timeliness is how long they must wait for the vehicle. Directness records how far a journey using public transport deviates from a passenger's ideal route. </p><p>In selecting between competing <a href="/wiki/Modes_of_transport" class="mw-redirect" title="Modes of transport">modes of transport</a>, many individuals are strongly motivated by <a href="/wiki/Direct_cost" class="mw-redirect" title="Direct cost">direct cost</a> (travel fare/ ticket price to them) and <a href="/wiki/Convenience" title="Convenience">convenience</a>, as well as being informed by <a href="/wiki/Habit" title="Habit">habit</a>. The same individual may accept the lost time and statistically <a href="/wiki/Aviation_safety#Transport_comparisons" title="Aviation safety">higher risk of accident</a> in <a href="/wiki/Private_transport" title="Private transport">private transport</a>, together with the initial, running and parking costs. <a href="/wiki/Locus_of_control" title="Locus of control">Loss of control</a>, spatial constriction, <a href="/wiki/Overcrowding" title="Overcrowding">overcrowding</a>, high speeds/accelerations, height and other <a href="/wiki/Phobia" title="Phobia">phobias</a> may discourage use of public transport. </p><p>Actual travel time on public transport becomes a lesser consideration when <a href="/wiki/Predictability" title="Predictability">predictable</a> and when travel itself is reasonably <a href="/wiki/Comfort" title="Comfort">comfortable</a> (seats, toilets, services), and can thus be scheduled and used pleasurably, productively or for (overnight) rest. Chauffeured movement is enjoyed by many people when it is relaxing, safe, but not too monotonous. Waiting, interchanging, stops and holdups, for example due to traffic or for security, are discomforting. <a href="/wiki/Jet_lag" title="Jet lag">Jet lag</a> is a human constraint discouraging frequent rapid long-distance east–west commuting, favoring modern telecommunications and VR technologies. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Airline">Airline</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Public_transport&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Airline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Airline" title="Airline">Airline</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bush_airplane" class="mw-redirect" title="Bush airplane">Bush airplane</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LAM_Mozambique_Embraer_190_C9-EMC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/LAM_Mozambique_Embraer_190_C9-EMC.jpg/220px-LAM_Mozambique_Embraer_190_C9-EMC.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/LAM_Mozambique_Embraer_190_C9-EMC.jpg/330px-LAM_Mozambique_Embraer_190_C9-EMC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/LAM_Mozambique_Embraer_190_C9-EMC.jpg/440px-LAM_Mozambique_Embraer_190_C9-EMC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1862" data-file-height="1122" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/LAM_Mozambique" class="mw-redirect" title="LAM Mozambique">LAM Mozambique</a> Airlines</figcaption></figure> <p>An airline provides scheduled service with aircraft between airports. Air travel has high speeds, but incurs large waiting times before and after travel, and is therefore often only feasible over longer distances or in areas where a lack of surface infrastructure makes other modes of transport impossible. Bush airlines work more similarly to bus stops; an aircraft waits for passengers and takes off when the aircraft is full. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bus_and_coach">Bus and coach</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Public_transport&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Bus and coach"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Public_transport_bus_service" title="Public transport bus service">Public transport bus service</a> and <a href="/wiki/Coach_(scheduled_transport)" class="mw-redirect" title="Coach (scheduled transport)">Coach (scheduled transport)</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Public_transport_bus_service" title="Public transport bus service">Bus services</a> use <a href="/wiki/Bus" title="Bus">buses</a> on conventional roads to carry numerous passengers on shorter journeys. Buses operate with low capacity (compared with trams or trains), and can operate on conventional roads, with relatively inexpensive bus stops to serve passengers. Therefore, buses are commonly used in smaller cities, towns, and rural areas, and for <a href="/wiki/Share_taxi" title="Share taxi">shuttle</a> services supplementing other means of transit in large cities. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Bus_rapid_transit" title="Bus rapid transit">Bus rapid transit</a> (BRT) is a term used for buses operating on dedicated right-of-way, much like a light rail. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Intercity_bus_service" title="Intercity bus service">Coach services</a> use <a href="/wiki/Coach_(bus)" title="Coach (bus)">coaches</a> (long-distance buses) for suburb-to-CBD or longer-distance transportation. The vehicles are normally equipped with more comfortable seating, a separate luggage compartment, video and possibly also a toilet. They have higher standards than city buses, but a limited stopping pattern. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Electric_buses">Electric buses</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Public_transport&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Electric buses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Electric_bus" title="Electric bus">Electric bus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trolleybus" title="Trolleybus">Trolleybus</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Trolleybus" title="Trolleybus">Trolleybuses</a> are <a href="/wiki/Electric_bus" title="Electric bus">electrically powered buses</a> that receive power from <a href="/wiki/Overhead_power_line" title="Overhead power line">overhead power line</a> by way of a set of trolley poles for mobility. <a href="/wiki/Online_Electric_Vehicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Online Electric Vehicle">Online Electric Vehicles</a> are buses that run on a conventional battery, but are <a href="/wiki/Inductive_charging" title="Inductive charging">recharged</a> frequently at certain points via underground wires.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Certain types of buses, styled after old-style streetcars, are also called trackless trolleys, but are built on the same platforms as a typical <a href="/wiki/Diesel_fuel" title="Diesel fuel">diesel</a>, <a href="/wiki/CNG" class="mw-redirect" title="CNG">CNG</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle" title="Hybrid vehicle">hybrid</a> bus; these are more often used for tourist rides than commuting and tend to be privately owned. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Transjakarta_MYS_18116_at_Gambir.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="TransJakarta bus operating in Jakarta"><img alt="TransJakarta bus operating in Jakarta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Transjakarta_MYS_18116_at_Gambir.jpg/180px-Transjakarta_MYS_18116_at_Gambir.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Transjakarta_MYS_18116_at_Gambir.jpg/270px-Transjakarta_MYS_18116_at_Gambir.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Transjakarta_MYS_18116_at_Gambir.jpg/360px-Transjakarta_MYS_18116_at_Gambir.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/TransJakarta" class="mw-redirect" title="TransJakarta">TransJakarta</a> bus operating in <a href="/wiki/Jakarta" title="Jakarta">Jakarta</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Transmetro_l%C3%ADnea_13_de_Guatemala.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Articulated bus line 13 of Transmetro bus rapid transit in Guatemala city"><img alt="Articulated bus line 13 of Transmetro bus rapid transit in Guatemala city" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Transmetro_l%C3%ADnea_13_de_Guatemala.jpg/220px-Transmetro_l%C3%ADnea_13_de_Guatemala.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Transmetro_l%C3%ADnea_13_de_Guatemala.jpg/330px-Transmetro_l%C3%ADnea_13_de_Guatemala.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Transmetro_l%C3%ADnea_13_de_Guatemala.jpg/440px-Transmetro_l%C3%ADnea_13_de_Guatemala.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Articulated bus line 13 of <a href="/wiki/Transmetro" title="Transmetro">Transmetro</a> bus rapid transit in <a href="/wiki/Guatemala_city" class="mw-redirect" title="Guatemala city">Guatemala city</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sbs7377t_(7746094924).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="SBS Transit bus operating in Singapore"><img alt="SBS Transit bus operating in Singapore" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Sbs7377t_%287746094924%29.jpg/180px-Sbs7377t_%287746094924%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Sbs7377t_%287746094924%29.jpg/270px-Sbs7377t_%287746094924%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Sbs7377t_%287746094924%29.jpg/360px-Sbs7377t_%287746094924%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/SBS_Transit" title="SBS Transit">SBS Transit</a> bus operating in <a href="/wiki/Singapore" title="Singapore">Singapore</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 255px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 250px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Trolleybus_Low_Floor_4_1500_-_Sao_Paulo,_Brazil.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Busscar trolleybus in São Paulo"><img alt="Busscar trolleybus in São Paulo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Trolleybus_Low_Floor_4_1500_-_Sao_Paulo%2C_Brazil.JPG/160px-Trolleybus_Low_Floor_4_1500_-_Sao_Paulo%2C_Brazil.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Trolleybus_Low_Floor_4_1500_-_Sao_Paulo%2C_Brazil.JPG/240px-Trolleybus_Low_Floor_4_1500_-_Sao_Paulo%2C_Brazil.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Trolleybus_Low_Floor_4_1500_-_Sao_Paulo%2C_Brazil.JPG/320px-Trolleybus_Low_Floor_4_1500_-_Sao_Paulo%2C_Brazil.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Busscar" title="Busscar">Busscar</a> trolleybus in <a href="/wiki/Trolleybuses_in_S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="Trolleybuses in São Paulo">São Paulo</a></div> </li> </ul> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Westbahnhof_rigardate_elde_Schmelzbr%C3%BCcke.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Westbahnhof_rigardate_elde_Schmelzbr%C3%BCcke.jpg/220px-Westbahnhof_rigardate_elde_Schmelzbr%C3%BCcke.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Westbahnhof_rigardate_elde_Schmelzbr%C3%BCcke.jpg/330px-Westbahnhof_rigardate_elde_Schmelzbr%C3%BCcke.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Westbahnhof_rigardate_elde_Schmelzbr%C3%BCcke.jpg/440px-Westbahnhof_rigardate_elde_Schmelzbr%C3%BCcke.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3894" data-file-height="2596" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a> West railway station</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Train">Train</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Public_transport&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Train"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Rail_transport" title="Rail transport">Rail transport</a></div> <p>Passenger rail transport is the conveyance of passengers by means of wheeled vehicles specially designed to run on railways. Trains allow high capacity at most distance scales, but require <a href="/wiki/Track_(rail_transport)" class="mw-redirect" title="Track (rail transport)">track</a>, <a href="/wiki/Signalling_control" title="Signalling control">signalling</a>, infrastructure and <a href="/wiki/Train_station" title="Train station">stations</a> to be built and maintained resulting in high upfront costs. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Intercity_and_High-speed_rail">Intercity and High-speed rail</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Public_transport&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Intercity and High-speed rail"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Shinkansen_N700_%26_500_(8086228483)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Shinkansen_N700_%26_500_%288086228483%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Shinkansen_N700_%26_500_%288086228483%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Shinkansen_N700_%26_500_%288086228483%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Shinkansen_N700_%26_500_%288086228483%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Shinkansen_N700_%26_500_%288086228483%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Shinkansen_N700_%26_500_%288086228483%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3414" data-file-height="2012" /></a><figcaption>Two types of Japanese "bullet trains".</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Intercity_rail" class="mw-redirect" title="Intercity rail">Intercity rail</a> and <a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail" title="High-speed rail">high-speed rail</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Intercity_rail" class="mw-redirect" title="Intercity rail">Intercity rail</a> is long-haul passenger services that connect multiple urban areas. They have few stops, and aim at high average speeds, typically only making one of a few stops per city. These services may also be international. </p><p><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail" title="High-speed rail">High-speed rail</a> is passenger trains operating significantly faster than conventional rail—typically defined as at least 200 kilometres per hour (120 mph). The most predominant systems have been built in Europe and East Asia, and compared with air travel, offer long-distance rail journeys as quick as air services, have lower prices to compete more effectively and use electricity instead of combustion.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Urban_rail_transit">Urban rail transit</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Public_transport&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Urban rail transit"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Class_777005_at_Lime_Street_Low_Level.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Class_777005_at_Lime_Street_Low_Level.jpg/220px-Class_777005_at_Lime_Street_Low_Level.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Class_777005_at_Lime_Street_Low_Level.jpg/330px-Class_777005_at_Lime_Street_Low_Level.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Class_777005_at_Lime_Street_Low_Level.jpg/440px-Class_777005_at_Lime_Street_Low_Level.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1397" data-file-height="828" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Merseyrail" title="Merseyrail">Merseyrail</a> Class 777005 at lime street low level in <a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Urban_rail_transit" title="Urban rail transit">Urban rail transit</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Urban_rail_transit" title="Urban rail transit">Urban rail transit</a> is an all-encompassing term for various types of local rail systems, such as these examples <a href="/wiki/Tram" title="Tram">trams</a>, <a href="/wiki/Light_rail" title="Light rail">light rail</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rapid_transit" title="Rapid transit">rapid transit</a>, <a href="/wiki/People_mover" title="People mover">people movers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Commuter_rail" title="Commuter rail">commuter rail</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monorail" title="Monorail">monorail</a>, <a href="/wiki/Suspension_railway" title="Suspension railway">suspension railways</a> and <a href="/wiki/Funicular" title="Funicular">funiculars</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Commuter_rail">Commuter rail</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Public_transport&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Commuter rail"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:DB1440_032_N%C3%BCrnberg_2020.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/DB1440_032_N%C3%BCrnberg_2020.jpg/220px-DB1440_032_N%C3%BCrnberg_2020.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/DB1440_032_N%C3%BCrnberg_2020.jpg/330px-DB1440_032_N%C3%BCrnberg_2020.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/DB1440_032_N%C3%BCrnberg_2020.jpg/440px-DB1440_032_N%C3%BCrnberg_2020.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2700" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/S-Bahn" title="S-Bahn">S-Bahn</a> commuter train</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Commuter_rail" title="Commuter rail">Commuter rail</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Commuter_rail" title="Commuter rail">Commuter rail</a> is part of an urban area's public transport. It provides faster services to outer <a href="/wiki/Suburb" title="Suburb">suburbs</a> and neighboring <a href="/wiki/Satellite_city" title="Satellite city">satellite cities</a>. Trains stop at <a href="/wiki/Train_station" title="Train station">train stations</a> that are located to serve a smaller suburban or town center. The stations are often combined with <a href="/wiki/Shuttle_bus" title="Shuttle bus">shuttle bus</a> or <a href="/wiki/Park_and_ride" title="Park and ride">park and ride</a> systems. Frequency may be up to several times per hour, and commuter rail systems may either be part of the national railway or operated by local transit agencies. </p><p>Common forms of commuter rail employ either <a href="/wiki/Diesel_electric" class="mw-redirect" title="Diesel electric">diesel electric</a> locomotives, or <a href="/wiki/Electric_multiple_unit" title="Electric multiple unit">electric multiple unit</a> trains. Some commuter train lines share a railway with <a href="/wiki/Freight_trains" class="mw-redirect" title="Freight trains">freight trains</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-trains-buses-people_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trains-buses-people-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rapid_transit">Rapid transit</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Public_transport&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Rapid transit"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kawasaki_Qingdao_Sifang_C151B.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Kawasaki_Qingdao_Sifang_C151B.jpg/220px-Kawasaki_Qingdao_Sifang_C151B.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Kawasaki_Qingdao_Sifang_C151B.jpg/330px-Kawasaki_Qingdao_Sifang_C151B.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Kawasaki_Qingdao_Sifang_C151B.jpg/440px-Kawasaki_Qingdao_Sifang_C151B.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1820" data-file-height="1109" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Rapid_transit" title="Rapid transit">rapid transit</a> train from Singapore.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Rapid_transit" title="Rapid transit">Rapid transit</a></div> <p>A rapid transit railway system (also called a metro, underground, heavy rail, or subway) operates in an urban area with high capacity and frequency, and <a href="/wiki/Grade_separation" title="Grade separation">grade separation</a> from other traffic.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-aptaglossary_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aptaglossary-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Heavy rail is a high-capacity form of rail transit, with 4 to 10 units forming a train, and can be the most expensive form of transit to build. Modern heavy rail systems are mostly driverless, which allows for higher frequencies and less maintenance cost.<sup id="cite_ref-trains-buses-people_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trains-buses-people-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Systems are able to transport large numbers of people quickly over short distances with little land use. Variations of rapid transit include <a href="/wiki/People_mover" title="People mover">people movers</a>, small-scale <a href="/wiki/Light_metro" class="mw-redirect" title="Light metro">light metro</a> and the commuter rail hybrid <a href="/wiki/S-Bahn" title="S-Bahn">S-Bahn</a>. More than 160 cities have rapid transit systems, totalling more than 8,000 km (4,971 mi) of track and 7,000 stations. Twenty-five cities have systems under construction. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="People_mover">People mover</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Public_transport&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: People mover"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/People_mover" title="People mover">People mover</a></div> <p>People movers are a special term for grade-separated rail which uses vehicles that are smaller and shorter in size.<sup id="cite_ref-trains-buses-people_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trains-buses-people-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These systems are generally used only in a small area such as a theme park or an airport. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Toronto_ON_King-Street-West_2019-04-01_(3).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Toronto_ON_King-Street-West_2019-04-01_%283%29.jpg/220px-Toronto_ON_King-Street-West_2019-04-01_%283%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Toronto_ON_King-Street-West_2019-04-01_%283%29.jpg/330px-Toronto_ON_King-Street-West_2019-04-01_%283%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Toronto_ON_King-Street-West_2019-04-01_%283%29.jpg/440px-Toronto_ON_King-Street-West_2019-04-01_%283%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Toronto_streetcar_system" title="Toronto streetcar system">tram in Toronto</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tram">Tram</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Public_transport&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Tram"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tram" title="Tram">Tram</a></div> <p>Trams (also known as streetcars or trolleys) are railborne vehicles that originally ran in city streets, though over decades more and more dedicated tracks are used. They have higher capacity than buses, but must follow dedicated infrastructure with rails and wires either above or below the track, limiting their flexibility. </p><p>In the United States, trams were commonly used prior to the 1930s, before being superseded by the bus. In modern public transport systems, they have been reintroduced in the form of the light rail.<sup id="cite_ref-trains-buses-people_24-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trains-buses-people-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ET_Addis_asv2018-01_img01_Meskel_Square.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/ET_Addis_asv2018-01_img01_Meskel_Square.jpg/220px-ET_Addis_asv2018-01_img01_Meskel_Square.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/ET_Addis_asv2018-01_img01_Meskel_Square.jpg/330px-ET_Addis_asv2018-01_img01_Meskel_Square.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/ET_Addis_asv2018-01_img01_Meskel_Square.jpg/440px-ET_Addis_asv2018-01_img01_Meskel_Square.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6356" data-file-height="3575" /></a><figcaption>Light rail in <a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa" title="Addis Ababa">Addis Ababa</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Light_rail">Light rail</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Public_transport&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Light rail"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Light_rail" title="Light rail">Light rail</a></div> <p>Light rail is a term coined in 1972 and uses mainly tram technology. Light rail has mostly dedicated right-of-ways and less sections shared with other traffic and usually step-free access. Light rails line are generally traversed with increased speed compared to a tram line. Light rail lines are, thus, essentially modernized <a href="/wiki/Interurban" title="Interurban">interurbans</a>. Unlike trams, light rail trains are often longer and have one to four cars per train.<sup id="cite_ref-trains-buses-people_24-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-trains-buses-people-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Monorail">Monorail</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Public_transport&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Monorail"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SCOMI_Sutra_for_Rapid_Rail.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/SCOMI_Sutra_for_Rapid_Rail.jpg/220px-SCOMI_Sutra_for_Rapid_Rail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/SCOMI_Sutra_for_Rapid_Rail.jpg/330px-SCOMI_Sutra_for_Rapid_Rail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/SCOMI_Sutra_for_Rapid_Rail.jpg/440px-SCOMI_Sutra_for_Rapid_Rail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="917" data-file-height="549" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Monorail" title="Monorail">monorail</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Monorail" title="Monorail">Monorail</a></div> <p>Somewhere between light and heavy rail in terms of <a href="/wiki/Carbon_footprint" title="Carbon footprint">carbon footprint</a>, monorail systems usually use overhead single tracks, either mounted directly on the track supports or put in an overhead design with the train suspended. </p><p>Monorail systems are used throughout the world (especially in Europe and east <a href="/wiki/Asia" title="Asia">Asia</a>, particularly <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>), but apart from public transit installations in Las Vegas and Seattle, most North American monorails are either short shuttle services or privately owned services (With 150,000 daily riders, the <a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney_World_Monorail_System" title="Walt Disney World Monorail System">Disney monorail systems</a> used at their parks may be the most famous in the world).<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Personal_rapid_transit">Personal rapid transit</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Public_transport&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Personal rapid transit"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Morgantown_PRT_-_Beechurst_Station.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Morgantown_PRT_-_Beechurst_Station.jpg/220px-Morgantown_PRT_-_Beechurst_Station.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Morgantown_PRT_-_Beechurst_Station.jpg/330px-Morgantown_PRT_-_Beechurst_Station.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Morgantown_PRT_-_Beechurst_Station.jpg/440px-Morgantown_PRT_-_Beechurst_Station.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>People mover vehicle of <a href="/wiki/Morgantown_Personal_Rapid_Transit" title="Morgantown Personal Rapid Transit">Morgantown Personal Rapid Transit</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Personal_rapid_transit" title="Personal rapid transit">Personal rapid transit</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Personal_rapid_transit" title="Personal rapid transit">Personal rapid transit</a> is an automated cab service that runs on rails or a <a href="/wiki/Automated_guideway_transit" title="Automated guideway transit">guideway</a>. This is an uncommon mode of transportation (excluding <a href="/wiki/Elevator" title="Elevator">elevators</a>) due to the complexity of automation. A fully implemented system might provide most of the convenience of individual automobiles with the efficiency of public transit. The crucial innovation is that the automated vehicles carry just a few passengers, turn off the guideway to pick up passengers (permitting other PRT vehicles to continue at full speed), and drop them off to the location of their choice (rather than at a stop). Conventional transit simulations show that PRT might attract many auto users in problematic medium-density urban areas. A number of experimental systems are in progress. One might compare personal rapid transit to the more labor-intensive <a href="/wiki/Taxicab" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxicab">taxi</a> or <a href="/wiki/Paratransit" title="Paratransit">paratransit</a> modes of transportation, or to the (by now automated) <a href="/wiki/Elevator" title="Elevator">elevators</a> common in many publicly accessible areas. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cable-propelled_transit">Cable-propelled transit</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Public_transport&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Cable-propelled transit"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gulmarg_gondola.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Gulmarg_gondola.JPG/220px-Gulmarg_gondola.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Gulmarg_gondola.JPG/330px-Gulmarg_gondola.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Gulmarg_gondola.JPG/440px-Gulmarg_gondola.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1222" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Gulmarg_Gondola" title="Gulmarg Gondola">Gulmarg Gondola</a> in <a href="/wiki/Gulmarg" title="Gulmarg">Gulmarg</a>, India</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Aerial_tramway" title="Aerial tramway">Aerial tramway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gondola_lift" title="Gondola lift">Gondola lift</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cable_car_(railway)" title="Cable car (railway)">Cable car (railway)</a></div> <p>Cable-propelled transit (CPT) is a transit technology that moves people in motor-less, engine-less vehicles that are propelled by a steel cable.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are two sub-groups of CPT—<a href="/wiki/Gondola_lift" title="Gondola lift">gondola lifts</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cable_car_(railway)" title="Cable car (railway)">cable cars (railway)</a>. Gondola lifts are supported and propelled from above by cables, whereas cable cars are supported and propelled from below by cables. </p><p>While historically associated with usage in <a href="/wiki/Ski_resort" title="Ski resort">ski resorts</a>, gondola lifts are now finding increased consumption and utilization in many urban areas—built specifically for the purposes of mass transit.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many, if not all, of these systems are implemented and fully integrated within existing public transportation networks. Examples include <a href="/wiki/Metrocable_(Medell%C3%ADn)" title="Metrocable (Medellín)">Metrocable (Medellín)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Metrocable_(Caracas)" title="Metrocable (Caracas)">Metrocable (Caracas)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mi_Telef%C3%A9rico" title="Mi Teleférico">Mi Teleférico</a> in <a href="/wiki/La_Paz" title="La Paz">La Paz</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portland_Aerial_Tram" title="Portland Aerial Tram">Portland Aerial Tram</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Island_Tramway" title="Roosevelt Island Tramway">Roosevelt Island Tramway</a> in New York City, and the <a href="/wiki/London_Cable_Car" class="mw-redirect" title="London Cable Car">London Cable Car</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ferry">Ferry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Public_transport&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Ferry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ferry" title="Ferry">Ferry</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Accademia-vaporetto-stop-20050525-016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Accademia-vaporetto-stop-20050525-016.jpg/220px-Accademia-vaporetto-stop-20050525-016.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Accademia-vaporetto-stop-20050525-016.jpg/330px-Accademia-vaporetto-stop-20050525-016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Accademia-vaporetto-stop-20050525-016.jpg/440px-Accademia-vaporetto-stop-20050525-016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3031" data-file-height="2006" /></a><figcaption>Water bus (<i><a href="/wiki/Vaporetto" title="Vaporetto">vaporetto</a></i>) at bus stop in <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a>, Italy</figcaption></figure> <p>A ferry is a boat used to carry (or <i>ferry</i>) passengers, and sometimes their vehicles, across a body of water. A <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/foot-passenger" class="extiw" title="wikt:foot-passenger">foot-passenger</a> ferry with many stops is sometimes called a <a href="/wiki/Water_bus" class="mw-redirect" title="Water bus">water bus</a>. Ferries form a part of the public transport systems of many waterside cities and islands, allowing direct transit between points at a capital cost much lower than bridges or tunnels, though at a lower speed. Ship connections of much larger distances (such as over long distances in water bodies like the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a>) may also be called ferry services. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cycleway_network">Cycleway network</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Public_transport&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Cycleway network"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Cycling_infrastructure" title="Cycling infrastructure">Cycling infrastructure</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bike_path" title="Bike path">Bike path</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cycle_superhighway_6_at_Blackfriars.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Cycle_superhighway_6_at_Blackfriars.jpg/220px-Cycle_superhighway_6_at_Blackfriars.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Cycle_superhighway_6_at_Blackfriars.jpg/330px-Cycle_superhighway_6_at_Blackfriars.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Cycle_superhighway_6_at_Blackfriars.jpg/440px-Cycle_superhighway_6_at_Blackfriars.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4002" data-file-height="2244" /></a><figcaption>Cycle Superhighway CS6 is part of Central London's Cycle Network mass transit infrastructure.</figcaption></figure> <p>A report published by the UK National Infrastructure Commission in 2018 states that "cycling is mass transit and must be treated as such." <a href="/wiki/Cycling_infrastructure" title="Cycling infrastructure">Cycling infrastructure</a> is normally provided without charge to users because it is cheaper to operate than mechanised transit systems that use sophisticated equipment and do not use <a href="/wiki/Human_power" title="Human power">human power</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Electric_bikes_and_scooters">Electric bikes and scooters</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Public_transport&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Electric bikes and scooters"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Electric_bicycle" title="Electric bicycle">Electric bicycle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Scooter_(motorcycle)" title="Scooter (motorcycle)">Scooter (motorcycle)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ETricks_C01_electric_bike.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/ETricks_C01_electric_bike.jpg/220px-ETricks_C01_electric_bike.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/ETricks_C01_electric_bike.jpg/330px-ETricks_C01_electric_bike.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/ETricks_C01_electric_bike.jpg/440px-ETricks_C01_electric_bike.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3890" data-file-height="2895" /></a><figcaption>eTricks C01, electric bycicle made in <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Many cities around the world have introduced electric bikes and scooters to their public transport infrastructure. For example, in the Netherlands many individuals use e-bikes to replace their car commutes. In major American cities, start-up companies such as Uber and Lyft have implemented e-scooters as a way for people to take short trips around the city.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Operation">Operation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Public_transport&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Operation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Bus_Ride_Through_Downtown_Seattle_%28Time-lapse%29.ogv/220px--Bus_Ride_Through_Downtown_Seattle_%28Time-lapse%29.ogv.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="165" data-durationhint="66" data-mwtitle="Bus_Ride_Through_Downtown_Seattle_(Time-lapse).ogv" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Bus_Ride_Through_Downtown_Seattle_(Time-lapse).ogv"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c9/Bus_Ride_Through_Downtown_Seattle_%28Time-lapse%29.ogv/Bus_Ride_Through_Downtown_Seattle_%28Time-lapse%29.ogv.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c9/Bus_Ride_Through_Downtown_Seattle_%28Time-lapse%29.ogv" type="video/ogg; codecs="theora"" data-width="640" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c9/Bus_Ride_Through_Downtown_Seattle_%28Time-lapse%29.ogv/Bus_Ride_Through_Downtown_Seattle_%28Time-lapse%29.ogv.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="192" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c9/Bus_Ride_Through_Downtown_Seattle_%28Time-lapse%29.ogv/Bus_Ride_Through_Downtown_Seattle_%28Time-lapse%29.ogv.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="320" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c9/Bus_Ride_Through_Downtown_Seattle_%28Time-lapse%29.ogv/Bus_Ride_Through_Downtown_Seattle_%28Time-lapse%29.ogv.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c9/Bus_Ride_Through_Downtown_Seattle_%28Time-lapse%29.ogv/Bus_Ride_Through_Downtown_Seattle_%28Time-lapse%29.ogv.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="480" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>Timelapse video of <a href="/wiki/Downtown_Seattle" title="Downtown Seattle">Downtown Seattle</a> from atop a <a href="/wiki/Community_Transit" title="Community Transit">Community Transit</a> <a href="/wiki/Double-decker_bus" title="Double-decker bus">double-decker bus</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Public_transport&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Infrastructure"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>All public transport runs on infrastructure, either on roads, rail, airways or seaways. The infrastructure can be shared with other modes, freight and private transport, or it can be dedicated to public transport. The latter is especially valuable in cases where there are capacity problems for private transport. Investments in infrastructure are expensive and make up a substantial part of the total costs in systems that are new or expanding. Once built, the infrastructure will require operating and maintenance costs, adding to the total cost of public transport. Sometimes governments subsidize infrastructure by providing it free of charge, just as is common with roads for automobiles. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interchanges">Interchanges</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Public_transport&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Interchanges"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/Transport_hub" title="Transport hub">Transport hub</a> and <a href="/wiki/Intermodal_passenger_transport" title="Intermodal passenger transport">Intermodal passenger transport</a></div> <p>Interchanges are locations where passengers can switch from one public transport route to another. This may be between vehicles of the same mode (like a bus interchange), or e.g. between bus and train. It can be between local and intercity transport (such as at a <a href="/wiki/Central_station" title="Central station">central station</a> or airport). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Timetables">Timetables</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Public_transport&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Timetables"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Public_transport_timetable" title="Public transport timetable">Public transport timetable</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Public_transport_timetable" title="Public transport timetable">Timetables</a> (or 'schedules' in <a href="/wiki/North_American_English" title="North American English">North American English</a>) are provided by the transport operator to allow users to plan their journeys. They are often supplemented by <a href="/wiki/Transit_map" title="Transit map">maps</a> and fare schemes to help travelers coordinate their travel. Online <a href="/wiki/Public_transport_route_planner" class="mw-redirect" title="Public transport route planner">public transport route planners</a> help make planning easier. <a href="/wiki/Mobile_app" title="Mobile app">Mobile apps</a> are available for multiple transit systems that provide timetables and other service information and, in some cases, allow ticket purchase, some allowing to plan your journey, with time fares zones e.g. </p><p>Services are often arranged to operate at regular intervals throughout the day or part of the day (known as <a href="/wiki/Clock-face_scheduling" title="Clock-face scheduling">clock-face scheduling</a>). Often, more frequent services or even extra routes are operated during the morning and evening <a href="/wiki/Rush_hour" title="Rush hour">rush hours</a>. Coordination between services at interchange points is important to reduce the total travel time for passengers. This can be done by coordinating shuttle services with main routes, or by creating a fixed time (for instance twice per hour) when all bus and rail routes meet at a station and exchange passengers. There is often a potential conflict between this objective and optimising the utilisation of vehicles and drivers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Financing">Financing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Public_transport&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Financing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The main sources of financing are ticket revenue, government subsidies and advertising. The percentage of revenue from passenger charges is known as the <a href="/wiki/Farebox_recovery_ratio" title="Farebox recovery ratio">farebox recovery ratio</a>. A limited amount of income may come from <a href="/wiki/Land_development" title="Land development">land development</a> and rental income from stores and vendors, parking fees, and leasing tunnels and rights-of-way to carry <a href="/wiki/Fiber_optic" class="mw-redirect" title="Fiber optic">fiber optic</a> communication lines. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Fare_and_ticketing">Fare and ticketing</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Public_transport&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Fare and ticketing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Valid%C3%A1tor_j%C3%ADzdenek_Brno.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A contactless validator in Brno" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Valid%C3%A1tor_j%C3%ADzdenek_Brno.jpg/190px-Valid%C3%A1tor_j%C3%ADzdenek_Brno.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Valid%C3%A1tor_j%C3%ADzdenek_Brno.jpg/285px-Valid%C3%A1tor_j%C3%ADzdenek_Brno.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Valid%C3%A1tor_j%C3%ADzdenek_Brno.jpg/380px-Valid%C3%A1tor_j%C3%ADzdenek_Brno.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a><figcaption>A contactless validator in <a href="/wiki/Brno" title="Brno">Brno</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fare_cards_canada.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Fare_cards_canada.jpg/190px-Fare_cards_canada.jpg" decoding="async" width="190" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Fare_cards_canada.jpg/285px-Fare_cards_canada.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Fare_cards_canada.jpg/380px-Fare_cards_canada.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2832" data-file-height="3657" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Smart_card" title="Smart card">Smart fare cards</a> for public transportation tickets in the four biggest cities in Canada.</figcaption></figure> <p>Most—but not all—public transport requires the purchase of a <a href="/wiki/Ticket_(admission)" title="Ticket (admission)">ticket</a> to generate <a href="/wiki/Revenue" title="Revenue">revenue</a> for the operators. Tickets may be bought either in advance, or at the time of the journey, or the carrier may allow both methods. Passengers may be issued with a paper ticket, a metal or plastic <a href="/wiki/Token_coin" title="Token coin">token</a>, or a magnetic or electronic card (<a href="/wiki/Smart_card" title="Smart card">smart card</a>, <a href="/wiki/Contactless_smart_card" title="Contactless smart card">contactless smart card</a>). Sometimes a ticket has to be validated, e.g. a paper ticket has to be stamped, or an <a href="/wiki/Electronic_ticket" title="Electronic ticket">electronic ticket</a> has to be checked in. </p><p>Tickets may be valid for a single (or return) trip, or valid within a certain area for a period of time (see <a href="/wiki/Transit_pass" title="Transit pass">transit pass</a>). The <a href="/wiki/Fare" title="Fare">fare</a> is based on the travel class, either depending on the traveled distance, or based on <a href="/wiki/Zone_pricing" class="mw-redirect" title="Zone pricing">zone pricing</a>. </p><p>The tickets may have to be shown or checked automatically at the station platform or when boarding, or during the ride by a <a href="/wiki/Conductor_(transportation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Conductor (transportation)">conductor</a>. Operators may choose to control all riders, allowing sale of the ticket at the time of ride. Alternatively, a <a href="/wiki/Proof-of-payment" title="Proof-of-payment">proof-of-payment</a> system allows riders to enter the vehicles without showing the ticket, but riders may or may not be controlled by a <a href="/wiki/Ticket_controller" class="mw-redirect" title="Ticket controller">ticket controller</a>; if the rider fails to show proof of payment, the operator may fine the rider at the magnitude of the fare. </p><p>Multi-use tickets allow travel more than once. In addition to return tickets, this includes period cards allowing travel within a certain area (for instance month cards), or to travel a specified number of trips or number of days that can be chosen within a longer period of time (called <i>carnet</i> ticket). Passes aimed at tourists, allowing free or discounted entry at many tourist attractions, typically include <a href="/wiki/Zero-fare_public_transport" class="mw-redirect" title="Zero-fare public transport">zero-fare public transport</a> within the city. Period tickets may be for a particular route (in both directions), or for a <a href="/wiki/Integrated_ticketing" title="Integrated ticketing">whole network</a>. A <a href="/wiki/Free_travel_pass" title="Free travel pass">free travel pass</a> allowing free and unlimited travel within a system is sometimes granted to particular social sectors, for example students, elderly, children, employees (<i>job ticket</i>) and the physically or mentally <a href="/wiki/Disabled" class="mw-redirect" title="Disabled">disabled</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Zero-fare_public_transport" class="mw-redirect" title="Zero-fare public transport">Zero-fare public transport</a> services are funded in full by means other than collecting a fare from passengers, normally through heavy <a href="/wiki/Subsidy" title="Subsidy">subsidy</a> or commercial <a href="/wiki/Sponsor_(commercial)" title="Sponsor (commercial)">sponsorship</a> by businesses. Several mid-size European cities and many smaller towns around the world have converted their entire bus networks to zero-fare. The only European capitals with free public transport are <a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg" title="Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a>. Local zero-fare shuttles or inner-city loops are far more common than city-wide systems. There are also zero-fare airport circulators and university transportation systems. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Revenue,_profit_and_subsidies"><span id="Revenue.2C_profit_and_subsidies"></span>Revenue, profit and subsidies</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Public_transport&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Revenue, profit and subsidies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Subsidy" title="Subsidy">Subsidy</a></div><p>Governments frequently opt to subsidize public transport for social, environmental or economic reasons. Common motivations include the desire to provide transport to people who are unable to use an automobile<sup id="cite_ref-tranben_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tranben-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and to reduce congestion, land use and automobile emissions.<sup id="cite_ref-tranben_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tranben-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Subsidies may take the form of direct payments for financially unprofitable services, but support may also include indirect subsidies. For example, the government may allow free or reduced-cost use of state-owned infrastructure such as railways and roads, to stimulate public transport's economic competitiveness over private transport, that normally also has free infrastructure (subsidized through such things as gas taxes). Other subsidies include tax advantages (for instance <a href="/wiki/Aviation_fuel" title="Aviation fuel">aviation fuel</a> is typically not taxed), bailouts if companies that are likely to collapse (often applied to airlines) and reduction of competition through licensing schemes (often applied to taxis and airlines). Private transport is normally subsidized indirectly through free roads and infrastructure,<sup id="cite_ref-pubsindex.trb.org_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pubsindex.trb.org-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as incentives to build car factories<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and, on occasion, directly via bailouts of automakers.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subsidies also may take the form of initial or increased tolls for drivers, such as the <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="San Francisco Bay Area">San Francisco Bay Area</a> raising tolls on numerous bridges and proposing more hikes to fund the <a href="/wiki/Bay_Area_Rapid_Transit" title="Bay Area Rapid Transit">Bay Area Rapid Transit</a> system.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Land development schemes may be initialized, where operators are given the rights to use lands near stations, depots, or tracks for property development. For instance, in Hong Kong, <a href="/wiki/MTR_Corporation_Limited" class="mw-redirect" title="MTR Corporation Limited">MTR Corporation Limited</a> and <a href="/wiki/KCR_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="KCR Corporation">KCR Corporation</a> generate additional profits from land development to partially cover the cost of the construction of the urban rail system.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some supporters of mass transit believe that use of taxpayer capital to fund mass transit will ultimately save taxpayer money in other ways, and therefore, state-funded mass transit is a benefit to the taxpayer. Some research has supported this position,<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the measurement of benefits and costs is a complex and controversial issue.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A lack of mass transit results in more traffic, pollution,<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and road construction<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to accommodate more vehicles, all costly to taxpayers;<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> providing mass transit will therefore alleviate these costs.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A study found that support for public transport spending is much higher among <a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">conservatives</a> who have high levels of trust in government officials than those who do not.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Safety_and_security">Safety and security</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Public_transport&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Safety and security"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LASD_on_MTA_train.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/LASD_on_MTA_train.png/220px-LASD_on_MTA_train.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/LASD_on_MTA_train.png/330px-LASD_on_MTA_train.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/LASD_on_MTA_train.png/440px-LASD_on_MTA_train.png 2x" data-file-width="1661" data-file-height="1238" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_County_Sheriff%27s_Department" title="Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department">LASD</a> deputy and a <a href="/wiki/Police_dog" title="Police dog">police dog</a> patrol a <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_County_Metropolitan_Transportation_Authority" title="Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority">LA Metro</a> light rail train</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Public_transport_security" title="Public transport security">Public transport security</a></div><p>Relative to other forms of transportation, public transit is safe (with a low crash risk) and secure (with low rates of <a href="/wiki/Crime" title="Crime">crime</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Litman_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Litman-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The injury and death rate for public transit is roughly one-tenth that of automobile travel.<sup id="cite_ref-Litman_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Litman-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2014 study noted that "residents of transit-oriented communities have about one-fifth the per capita crash casualty rate as in automobile-oriented communities" and that "Transit also tends to have lower overall crime rates than automobile travel, and transit improvements can help reduce overall crime risk by improving surveillance and economic opportunities for at-risk populations."<sup id="cite_ref-Litman_48-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Litman-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although relatively safe and secure, public perceptions that transit systems are dangerous endure.<sup id="cite_ref-Litman_48-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Litman-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 2014 study stated that "Various factors contribute to the under-appreciation of transit safety benefits, including the nature of transit travel, dramatic news coverage of transit crashes and crimes, transit agency messages that unintentionally emphasize risks without providing information on its overall safety, and biased traffic safety analysis."<sup id="cite_ref-Litman_48-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Litman-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some systems attract vagrants who use the stations or trains as sleeping shelters, though most operators have practices that discourage this.<sup id="cite_ref-safety_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-safety-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Impact">Impact</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Public_transport&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Impact"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Accessibility">Accessibility</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Public_transport&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Accessibility"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Accessibility#Transportation" title="Accessibility">Accessibility § Transportation</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SydneyMetroHillsShowgroundStation9.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/SydneyMetroHillsShowgroundStation9.jpg/220px-SydneyMetroHillsShowgroundStation9.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/SydneyMetroHillsShowgroundStation9.jpg/330px-SydneyMetroHillsShowgroundStation9.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/SydneyMetroHillsShowgroundStation9.jpg/440px-SydneyMetroHillsShowgroundStation9.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sydney_Metro" title="Sydney Metro">Sydney Metro</a> <a href="/wiki/Hills_Showground_railway_station" title="Hills Showground railway station">Hills Showground station</a> featuring a lift for disabled people.</figcaption></figure> <p>Public transport is means of independent transport for individuals (without walking or bicycling) such as children too young to drive, the elderly without access to cars, those who do not hold a drivers license, and the infirm such as wheelchair users. Kneeling buses, low-floor access boarding on buses and light rail has also enabled greater access for the disabled in mobility. In recent decades low-floor access has been incorporated into modern designs for vehicles. In economically deprived areas, public transport increases individual accessibility to transport where private means are unaffordable. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Environmental">Environmental</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Public_transport&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Environmental"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_transport" title="Sustainable transport">Sustainable transport</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mettis_BRT_Metz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Mettis_BRT_Metz.jpg/220px-Mettis_BRT_Metz.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Mettis_BRT_Metz.jpg/330px-Mettis_BRT_Metz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Mettis_BRT_Metz.jpg/440px-Mettis_BRT_Metz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="810" /></a><figcaption>The pink <a href="/wiki/Bus_rapid_transit" title="Bus rapid transit">bus rapid transit</a> of <a href="/wiki/Metz" title="Metz">Metz</a> uses a <a href="/wiki/Hybrid_vehicle" title="Hybrid vehicle">diesel-electric hybrid</a> driving system, developed by Belgian <a href="/wiki/Van_Hool" title="Van Hool">Van Hool</a> manufacturer.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Although there is continuing debate as to the true efficiency of different modes of transportation, mass transit is generally regarded as significantly more <a href="/wiki/Energy_efficiency_in_transport" title="Energy efficiency in transport">energy efficient</a> than other forms of travel. A 2002 study by the <a href="/wiki/Brookings_Institution" title="Brookings Institution">Brookings Institution</a> and the <a href="/wiki/American_Enterprise_Institute" title="American Enterprise Institute">American Enterprise Institute</a> found that public transportation in the U.S. uses approximately half the fuel required by cars, SUVs and light trucks. In addition, the study noted that "private vehicles emit about 95 percent more carbon monoxide, 92 percent more <a href="/wiki/Volatile_organic_compound" title="Volatile organic compound">volatile organic compounds</a> and about twice as much carbon dioxide and nitrogen oxide than public vehicles for every passenger mile traveled".<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Studies have shown that there is a strong inverse correlation between <a href="/wiki/Population_density" title="Population density">urban population density</a> and <a href="/wiki/World_energy_resources_and_consumption" class="mw-redirect" title="World energy resources and consumption">energy consumption per capita</a>, and that public transport could facilitate increased urban population densities, and thus reduce travel distances and fossil fuel consumption.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Supporters of the <a href="/wiki/Green_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Green movement">green movement</a> usually advocate public transportation, because it offers decreased airborne <a href="/wiki/Pollution" title="Pollution">pollution</a> compared to automobiles. A study conducted in Milan, Italy, in 2004 during and after a transportation strike serves to illustrate the impact that mass transportation has on the environment. Air samples were taken between 2 and 9 January, and then tested for methane, carbon monoxide, non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs), and other gases identified as harmful to the environment. The figure below is a computer simulation showing the results of the study "with 2 January showing the lowest concentrations as a result of decreased activity in the city during the holiday season. 9 January showed the highest NMHC concentrations because of increased vehicular activity in the city due to a public transportation strike."<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Based on the benefits of public transport, the green movement has affected public policy. For example, the state of New Jersey released <i>Getting to Work: Reconnecting Jobs with Transit</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This initiative attempts to relocate new jobs into areas with higher public transportation accessibility. The initiative cites the use of public transportation as being a means of reducing traffic congestion, providing an economic boost to the areas of job relocation, and most importantly, contributing to a green environment by reducing <a href="/wiki/Carbon_dioxide" title="Carbon dioxide">carbon dioxide</a> (CO<sub>2</sub>) emissions. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_majority_of_EU_citizens_say_improving_public_transport_should_be_a_key_part_of_the_fight_against_climate_change..svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/A_majority_of_EU_citizens_say_improving_public_transport_should_be_a_key_part_of_the_fight_against_climate_change..svg/220px-A_majority_of_EU_citizens_say_improving_public_transport_should_be_a_key_part_of_the_fight_against_climate_change..svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="311" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/A_majority_of_EU_citizens_say_improving_public_transport_should_be_a_key_part_of_the_fight_against_climate_change..svg/330px-A_majority_of_EU_citizens_say_improving_public_transport_should_be_a_key_part_of_the_fight_against_climate_change..svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/A_majority_of_EU_citizens_say_improving_public_transport_should_be_a_key_part_of_the_fight_against_climate_change..svg/440px-A_majority_of_EU_citizens_say_improving_public_transport_should_be_a_key_part_of_the_fight_against_climate_change..svg.png 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="1052" /></a><figcaption>A survey by the European Development Bank found that a majority of Europeans wanted to prioritize public transit in <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_mitigation" title="Climate change mitigation">Climate change mitigation policies</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Using public transportation can result in a reduction of an individual's carbon footprint. A single person, 20-mile (32 km) round trip by car can be replaced using public transportation and result in a net CO<sub>2</sub> emissions reduction of 4,800 pounds (2,200 kg) per year.<sup id="cite_ref-publictransportation.org_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-publictransportation.org-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Using public transportation saves CO<sub>2</sub> emissions in more ways than simply travel as public transportation can help to alleviate traffic congestion as well as promote more efficient land use. When all three of these are considered, it is estimated that 37 million metric tons of CO<sub>2</sub> will be saved annually.<sup id="cite_ref-publictransportation.org_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-publictransportation.org-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another study claims that using public transit instead of private in the U.S. in 2005 would have reduced CO<sub>2</sub> emissions by 3.9 million metric tons and that the resulting traffic congestion reduction accounts for an additional 3.0 million metric tons of CO<sub>2</sub> saved.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This is a total savings of about 6.9 million metric tons per year given the 2005 values. </p><p>In order to compare energy impact of public transportation to private transportation, the amount of energy per passenger mile must be calculated. The reason that comparing the energy expenditure per person is necessary is to normalize the data for easy comparison. Here, the units are in per 100 p-km (read as person kilometer or passenger kilometer). In terms of energy consumption, public transportation is better than individual transport in a personal vehicle.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In England, bus and rail are popular methods of public transportation, especially in London. Rail provides rapid movement into and out of the city of London while busing helps to provide transport within the city itself. As of 2006–2007, the total energy cost of London's trains was 15 kWh per 100 p-km, about 5 times better than a personal car.<sup id="cite_ref-withouthotair.com_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-withouthotair.com-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For busing in London, it was 32 kWh per 100 p-km, or about 2.5 times that of a personal car.<sup id="cite_ref-withouthotair.com_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-withouthotair.com-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This includes lighting, depots, inefficiencies due to capacity (i.e., the train or bus may not be operating at full capacity at all times), and other inefficiencies. Efficiencies of transport in Japan in 1999 were 68 kWh per 100 p-km for a personal car, 19 kWh per 100 p-km for a bus, 6 kWh per 100 p-km for rail, 51 kWh per 100 p-km for air, and 57 kWh per 100 p-km for sea.<sup id="cite_ref-withouthotair.com_58-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-withouthotair.com-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These numbers from either country can be used in energy comparison calculations or <a href="/wiki/Life-cycle_assessment" title="Life-cycle assessment">life-cycle assessment</a> calculations. </p><p>Public transportation also provides an arena to test environmentally friendly fuel alternatives, such as hydrogen-powered vehicles. Swapping out materials to create lighter public transportation vehicles with the same or better performance will increase environmental friendliness of public transportation vehicles while maintaining current standards or improving them. Informing the public about the positive environmental effects of using public transportation in addition to pointing out the potential economic benefit is an important first step towards making a difference. </p><p>In the 2023 study titled "Subways and CO₂ Emissions: A Global Analysis with Satellite Data," research reveals that subway systems significantly reduce <a href="/wiki/Greenhouse_gas_emissions" title="Greenhouse gas emissions">CO₂ emissions</a> by approximately 50% in the cities they serve, contributing to an 11% global reduction. The study also explores potential expansion in 1,214 urban areas lacking subways, suggesting a potential emission cut by up to 77%. Economically, subways are viable in 794 cities under optimistic financial conditions (SCC at US$150/ton and SIC at US$140 million/km), but this figure drops to 294 cities with more pessimistic assumptions. Despite high costs—about US$200 million per kilometer for construction—subways offer substantial co-benefits, such as reduced traffic congestion and improved public health, making them a strategic investment for <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_urbanism" title="Sustainable urbanism">urban sustainability</a> and <a href="/wiki/Climate_change_mitigation" title="Climate change mitigation">climate mitigation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Land_use">Land use</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Public_transport&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Land use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Traffic_jam_Sao_Paulo_09_2006_30a.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Traffic_jam_Sao_Paulo_09_2006_30a.jpg/220px-Traffic_jam_Sao_Paulo_09_2006_30a.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Traffic_jam_Sao_Paulo_09_2006_30a.jpg/330px-Traffic_jam_Sao_Paulo_09_2006_30a.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Traffic_jam_Sao_Paulo_09_2006_30a.jpg/440px-Traffic_jam_Sao_Paulo_09_2006_30a.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1079" data-file-height="719" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Traffic_jam" class="mw-redirect" title="Traffic jam">Traffic jam</a> in <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="São Paulo">São Paulo</a>, Brazil</figcaption></figure> <p>Dense areas with mixed-land uses promote daily public transport use while urban sprawl is associated with sporadic public transport use. A recent European multi-city survey found that dense urban environments, reliable and affordable public transport services, and limiting motorized vehicles in high density areas of the cities will help achieve much needed promotion of public transport use.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Urban space is a precious commodity and public transport utilises it more efficiently than a car dominant society, allowing cities to be built more compactly than if they were dependent on automobile transport.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If <a href="/wiki/Public_transport_planning" title="Public transport planning">public transport planning</a> is at the core of <a href="/wiki/Urban_planning" title="Urban planning">urban planning</a>, it will also force cities to be built more compactly to create efficient feeds into the stations and stops of transport.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This will at the same time allow the creation of centers around the hubs, serving passengers' daily commercial needs and public services. This approach significantly reduces <a href="/wiki/Urban_sprawl" title="Urban sprawl">urban sprawl</a>. Public land planning for public transportation can be difficult but it is the State and Regional organizations that are responsible to planning and improving public transportation roads and routes. With public land prices booming, there must be a plan to using the land most efficiently for public transportation in order to create better transportation systems. Inefficient land use and poor planning leads to a decrease in accessibility to jobs, education, and health care.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Societal">Societal</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Public_transport&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Societal"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Automobile_dependency" class="mw-redirect" title="Automobile dependency">Automobile dependency</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:25em; ;"> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote right-aligned" style=""> <div style="text-align:left;">A developed country is not a place where the poor have cars; it's where the rich use public transport —<a href="/wiki/Enrique_Pe%C3%B1alosa" title="Enrique Peñalosa">Enrique Peñalosa</a>, former mayor of Bogotá<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div> </blockquote> </div> <p>The consequences for wider society and civic life, is public transport breaks down social and cultural barriers between people in public life. An important social role played by public transport is to ensure that all members of society are able to travel without walking or cycling, not just those with a driving license and access to an automobile—which include groups such as the young, the old, the poor, those with medical conditions, and people banned from driving. <a href="/wiki/Automobile_dependency" class="mw-redirect" title="Automobile dependency">Automobile dependency</a> is a name given by policy makers to places where those without access to a private vehicle do not have access to independent mobility.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This dependency contributes to the <a href="/wiki/Transport_divide" title="Transport divide">transport divide</a>. A 2018 study published in the <i>Journal of Environmental Economics and Management</i> concluded that expanded access to public transit has no meaningful impact on automobile volume in the long term.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Above that, public transportation opens to its users the possibility of meeting other people, as no concentration is diverted from interacting with fellow-travelers due to any steering activities. Adding to the above-said, public transport becomes a location of inter-social encounters across all boundaries of social, ethnic and other types of affiliation. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Social_issues">Social issues</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Public_transport&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Social issues"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Impact_of_COVID-19_pandemic">Impact of COVID-19 pandemic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Public_transport&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Impact of COVID-19 pandemic"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a> pandemic had a substantial effect on public transport systems, infrastructures and revenues in various cities across the world.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The pandemic negatively impacted public transport usage by imposing social distancing, remote work, or unemployment in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>. It caused a 79% drop in public transport riders at the beginning of 2020. This trend continued throughout the year with a 65% reduced ridership as compared to previous years.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, at the beginning of 2020, ridership in the <a href="/wiki/London_Underground" title="London Underground">London Underground</a> and <a href="/wiki/Buses" class="mw-redirect" title="Buses">buses</a> declined by 95% and 85% respectively.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 55% drop in public transport ridership as compared to 2019 was reported in <a href="/wiki/Cairo,_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Cairo, Egypt">Cairo, Egypt</a> after a period of mandatory halt. To reduce COVID-spread through cash contact, in <a href="/wiki/Nairobi,_Kenya" class="mw-redirect" title="Nairobi, Kenya">Nairobi, Kenya</a>, cashless payment systems were enforced by National Transport and Safety Authority (NTSA). Public transport was halted for three months in 2020 in Kampala, <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Uganda</a> with people resorting to walking or cycling. Post-quarantine, upon renovating public transport infrastructure, public transport such as minibus taxis were assigned specific routes. The situation was difficult in cities where people are heavily dependent on the public transport system. In <a href="/wiki/Kigali,_Rwanda" class="mw-redirect" title="Kigali, Rwanda">Kigali, Rwanda</a> social distancing requirements led to fifty percent occupancy restrictions, but as the pandemic situation improved, the occupancy limit was increased to meet popular demands. <a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa,_Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="Addis Ababa, Ethiopia">Addis Ababa, Ethiopia</a> also had inadequate bus services relative to demand and longer wait times due to social distancing restrictions and planned to deploy more buses. Both Addis Ababa and Kampala aim to improve walking and cycling infrastructures in the future as means of commuting complementary to buses.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Public_transport&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg/28px-Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg/42px-Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg/56px-Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Transport" title="Portal:Transport">Transport portal</a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/9-Euro-Ticket" title="9-Euro-Ticket">9-Euro-Ticket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_models_of_public_transport" title="Finnish models of public transport">Finnish models of public transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_public_transport" title="Free public transport">Free public transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hitchhiking" title="Hitchhiking">Hitchhiking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Association_of_Public_Transport" title="International Association of Public Transport">International Association of Public Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_urban_transit_advocacy_organisations" title="List of urban transit advocacy organisations">List of urban transit advocacy organisations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passenger_load_factor" title="Passenger load factor">Passenger load factor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patronage_(transport)" class="mw-redirect" title="Patronage (transport)">Patronage (transport)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Private_transport" title="Private transport">Private transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_transport_accessibility_level" title="Public transport accessibility level">Public transport accessibility level</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_transport_bus_service" title="Public transport bus service">Public transport bus service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_transport_route_planner" class="mw-redirect" title="Public transport route planner">Public transport route planner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_transport_timetable" title="Public transport timetable">Public transport timetable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_transport" title="Sustainable transport">Sustainable transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transit_district" title="Transit district">Transit district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transit_pass" title="Transit pass">Transit pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transit_police" title="Transit police">Transit police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transit_watchdog" title="Transit watchdog">Transit watchdog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_divide" title="Transport divide">Transport divide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_engineering" title="Transportation engineering">Transportation engineering</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Public_transport&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180131023414/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/public_transport">"public transport"</a>. <i>English Oxford Living Dictionaries</i>. Oxford University Press. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/public_transport">the original</a> on 31 January 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 January</span> 2018</span>. <q>Buses, trains, and other forms of transport that are available to the public, charge set fares, and run on fixed routes.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=English+Oxford+Living+Dictionaries&rft.atitle=public+transport&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.oxforddictionaries.com%2Fdefinition%2Fpublic_transport&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APublic+transport" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/public-transport">"public transport in British"</a>. <i>Collins English Dictionary</i>. HarperCollins. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181202112709/https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/public-transport">Archived</a> from the original on 2 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 January</span> 2018</span>. <q>a system of buses, trains, etc., running on fixed routes, on which the public may travel</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Collins+English+Dictionary&rft.atitle=public+transport+in+British&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.collinsdictionary.com%2Fdictionary%2Fenglish%2Fpublic-transport&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APublic+transport" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gov.uk/guidance/coronavirus-covid-19-safer-travel-guidance-for-passengers#public-transport">"Coronavirus (COVID-19): safer travel guidance for passengers - Walking, cycling, and travelling in vehicles or on public transport"</a>. <i>UK Government</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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"Urban Public Transport: Planning Principles and Emerging Practice". <i>Journal of Planning Literature</i>. <b>32</b> (3): 223–239. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0885412217693570">10.1177/0885412217693570</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:157431405">157431405</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Planning+Literature&rft.atitle=Urban+Public+Transport%3A+Planning+Principles+and+Emerging+Practice&rft.volume=32&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=223-239&rft.date=2017&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0885412217693570&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A157431405%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=McLeod&rft.aufirst=Sam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APublic+transport" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PT.org-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-PT.org_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110430140416/http://www.publictransportation.org/aboutus/default.asp">"PublicTransportation.org"</a>. <i>www.publictransportation.org</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.publictransportation.org/aboutus/default.asp">the original</a> on 30 April 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 January</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.publictransportation.org&rft.atitle=PublicTransportation.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.publictransportation.org%2Faboutus%2Fdefault.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APublic+transport" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCalimente2012" class="citation journal cs1">Calimente, John (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5198%2Fjtlu.v5i1.280">"Rail integrated communities in Tokyo"</a>. <i>Journal of Transport and Land Use</i>. <b>5</b> (1). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5198%2Fjtlu.v5i1.280">10.5198/jtlu.v5i1.280</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/11299%2F171057">11299/171057</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Transport+and+Land+Use&rft.atitle=Rail+integrated+communities+in+Tokyo&rft.volume=5&rft.issue=1&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F11299%2F171057&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5198%2Fjtlu.v5i1.280&rft.aulast=Calimente&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.5198%252Fjtlu.v5i1.280&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APublic+transport" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171026181805/http://www.jrtr.net/jrtr29/f12_sho.html">"Lessons from Japanese Experiences of Roles of Public and Private Sectors in Urban Transport"</a>. Japan Railway & Transport Review. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jrtr.net/jrtr29/f12_sho.html">the original</a> on 26 October 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lessons+from+Japanese+Experiences+of+Roles+of+Public+and+Private+Sectors+in+Urban+Transport&rft.pub=Japan+Railway+%26+Transport+Review&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jrtr.net%2Fjrtr29%2Ff12_sho.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APublic+transport" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/international/2018/06/21/public-transport-is-in-decline-in-many-wealthy-cities">"Public transport is in decline in many wealthy cities"</a>. <i>The Economist</i>. 18 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=Public+transport+is+in+decline+in+many+wealthy+cities&rft.date=2018-07-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Finternational%2F2018%2F06%2F21%2Fpublic-transport-is-in-decline-in-many-wealthy-cities&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APublic+transport" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.drawdown.org/solutions/public-transit">"Public Transit @ProjectDrawdown #ClimateSolutions"</a>. <i>Project Drawdown</i>. 6 February 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 April</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Project+Drawdown&rft.atitle=Public+Transit+%40ProjectDrawdown+%23ClimateSolutions&rft.date=2020-02-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.drawdown.org%2Fsolutions%2Fpublic-transit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APublic+transport" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080106182017/http://www.precolumbianwheels.com/">Pre Columbian Wheels</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLittleton2005" class="citation book cs1">Littleton, C. Scott (1 January 2005). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/godsgoddessesmyt02litt"><i>Gods, Goddesses, and Mythology</i></a></span>. Marshall Cavendish. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780761475644" title="Special:BookSources/9780761475644"><bdi>9780761475644</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gods%2C+Goddesses%2C+and+Mythology&rft.pub=Marshall+Cavendish&rft.date=2005-01-01&rft.isbn=9780761475644&rft.aulast=Littleton&rft.aufirst=C.+Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgodsgoddessesmyt02litt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APublic+transport" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Needham, Joseph. (1986). <i>Science and Civilization in China: Volume 4, Physics and Physical Technology, Part 3, Civil Engineering and Nautics</i>. Taipei: Caves Books, Ltd. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0521070600" title="Special:BookSources/0521070600">0521070600</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">web-page (in French) at <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.herodote.net/histoire/evenement.php?jour=18260810">http://www.herodote.net/histoire/evenement.php?jour=18260810</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101016205513/http://www.herodote.net/histoire/evenement.php?jour=18260810">Archived</a> 16 October 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Retrieved 13 June 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlfred" class="citation magazine cs1">Alfred, Randy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/2008/03/march-18-1662-the-bus-starts-here-in-paris/">"March 18, 1662: The Bus Starts Here ... in Paris"</a>. <i>Wired</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wired&rft.atitle=March+18%2C+1662%3A+The+Bus+Starts+Here+...+in+Paris&rft.aulast=Alfred&rft.aufirst=Randy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2F2008%2F03%2Fmarch-18-1662-the-bus-starts-here-in-paris%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APublic+transport" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.knowledgeoflondon.com/buses.html">"The London Omnibus"</a>. Knowledgeoflondon.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111101214501/http://www.knowledgeoflondon.com/buses.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 November 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 October</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+London+Omnibus&rft.pub=Knowledgeoflondon.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.knowledgeoflondon.com%2Fbuses.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APublic+transport" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/wales/south_west/6491379.stm">"Mumbles railway was 'remarkable'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. BBC. 25 March 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mumbles+railway+was+%27remarkable%27&rft.pub=BBC&rft.date=2007-03-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Fuk_news%2Fwales%2Fsouth_west%2F6491379.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APublic+transport" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ltmuseum.co.uk/collections/stories/transport/metropolitan-line">"The Metropolitan line"</a>. London Transport Museum<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Metropolitan+line&rft.pub=London+Transport+Museum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ltmuseum.co.uk%2Fcollections%2Fstories%2Ftransport%2Fmetropolitan-line&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APublic+transport" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYoung2015" class="citation journal cs1">Young, Jay (2 March 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oxfordre.com/americanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780199329175.001.0001/acrefore-9780199329175-e-28">"Infrastructure: Mass Transit in 19th- and 20th-Century Urban America"</a>. <i>Oxford Research Encyclopedia of American History</i>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Facrefore%2F9780199329175.013.28">10.1093/acrefore/9780199329175.013.28</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199329175" title="Special:BookSources/9780199329175"><bdi>9780199329175</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181129013128/http://oxfordre.com/americanhistory/view/10.1093/acrefore/9780199329175.001.0001/acrefore-9780199329175-e-28">Archived</a> from the original on 29 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Oxford+Research+Encyclopedia+of+American+History&rft.atitle=Infrastructure%3A+Mass+Transit+in+19th-+and+20th-Century+Urban+America&rft.date=2015-03-02&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Facrefore%2F9780199329175.013.28&rft.isbn=9780199329175&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=Jay&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Foxfordre.com%2Famericanhistory%2Fview%2F10.1093%2Facrefore%2F9780199329175.001.0001%2Facrefore-9780199329175-e-28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APublic+transport" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrea_Lo2019" class="citation web cs1">Andrea Lo (15 January 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/luxembourg-free-public-transport/index.html">"Luxembourg makes all public transport free"</a>. <i>CNN</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 January</span> 2018</span>. <q>cycling is mass transit and must be treated as such.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Infrastructure+Commission&rft.atitle=Running+out+of+road&rft.au=Andrew+Gilligan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nic.org.uk%2Fpublications%2Frunning-out-of-road-investing-in-cycling-in-cambridge-milton-keynes-and-oxford%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APublic+transport" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/business/2018/06/23/how-two-wheelers-are-weaving-their-way-into-urban-transport">"How two-wheelers are weaving their way into urban transport"</a>. <i>The Economist</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Bay Area drivers could be on the hook to help bail out BART and other transit"</a>. <i>The Mercury News</i>. 26 June 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Mercury+News&rft.atitle=%241.50+bridge+toll+hike%3F+Bay+Area+drivers+could+be+on+the+hook+to+help+bail+out+BART+and+other+transit&rft.date=2023-06-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.mercurynews.com%2F2023%2F06%2F26%2F1-50-bridge-toll-hike-bay-area-drivers-could-be-on-the-hook-to-help-bail-out-bart-and-other-transit%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APublic+transport" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVerougstraeteZeng2014" class="citation web cs1">Verougstraete, Matheiu; Zeng, Han (July 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unescap.org/sites/default/files/Case%204-%20Land%20Value%20-%20Hong-Kong%20MTR.pdf">"Land Value Capture Mechanism: The Case of the Hong Kong Mass Transit Railway"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>www.unescap.org</i>. United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161025061830/http://www.unescap.org/sites/default/files/Case%204-%20Land%20Value%20-%20Hong-Kong%20MTR.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 25 October 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.unescap.org&rft.atitle=Land+Value+Capture+Mechanism%3A+The+Case+of+the+Hong+Kong+Mass+Transit+Railway&rft.date=2014-07&rft.aulast=Verougstraete&rft.aufirst=Matheiu&rft.au=Zeng%2C+Han&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unescap.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2FCase%25204-%2520Land%2520Value%2520-%2520Hong-Kong%2520MTR.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APublic+transport" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For examples, see <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/tcrp/tcrp_rpt_49.pdf">http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/tcrp/tcrp_rpt_49.pdf</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100706051945/http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/tcrp/tcrp_rpt_49.pdf">Archived</a> 6 July 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/tcrp/tcrp_rpt_34.pdf">http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/tcrp/tcrp_rpt_34.pdf</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100705180251/http://onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/tcrp/tcrp_rpt_34.pdf">Archived</a> 5 July 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d05423sp.pdf">"GAO-05-423SP Highlights of an Expert Panel: The Benefits and Costs of Highway and Transit Investments"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111218111820/http://www.gao.gov/new.items/d05423sp.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 18 December 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Victoria Transport Public Institute. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111009005714/http://www.vtpi.org/tca/">Archived</a> from the original on 9 October 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Van+Hool+presents+the+ExquiCity+Design+Mettis.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vanhool.be%2FENG%2Fhighlights%2Fvanhoolpresentst.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APublic+transport" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lyndsey Layton, "Study Lists Mass Transit Benefits", The Washington Post, 17 July 2002, Page B05</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Newman, 1999</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarlettaDabdubBlakeRowand2008" class="citation journal cs1">Barletta, Barbara; Dabdub, Donald; Blake, Donald R.; Rowand, F. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ITDP.org&rft.atitle=Africa+in+Transition%3AImproving+Urban+Mobility+Amid+the+COVID-19+Pandemic&rft.date=2021-01&rft.aulast=Mimano&rft.aufirst=Carolyne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.itdp.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2021%2F03%2FITDP_ST32_Africa_in_Transition.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APublic+transport" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Public_transport&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Bloom, Nicholas Dagen, <i>The Great American Transit Disaster: A Century of Austerity, Auto-centric Planning, and White Flight</i>, University of Chicago Press, 2023 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-226-82440-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-226-82440-6">978-0-226-82440-6</a></li> <li>Hess, D. 2007. "What is a clean bus? Object conflicts in the greening of urban transit." <i>Sustainability: Science, Practice, & Policy</i> 3(1):45–58. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091210190328/http://ejournal.nbii.org/archives/vol3iss1/0608-027.hess.html">[1]</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeedle,_Jerome_A.Transportation_Security_BoardCobb,_Renée_M.1997" class="citation book cs1">Needle, Jerome A.; Transportation Security Board & Cobb, Renée M. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WfBt0kzz524C"><i>Improving Transit Security</i></a>. Transportation Security Board. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-309-06013-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-309-06013-4"><bdi>978-0-309-06013-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Improving+Transit+Security&rft.pub=Transportation+Security+Board&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-309-06013-4&rft.au=Needle%2C+Jerome+A.&rft.au=Transportation+Security+Board&rft.au=Cobb%2C+Ren%C3%A9e+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWfBt0kzz524C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APublic+transport" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNewmanJeffrey_R._Kenworthy1999" class="citation book cs1">Newman, Peter; Jeffrey R. Kenworthy (1999). <i>Sustainability and Cities: Overcoming Automobile Dependence</i>. Island Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-55963-660-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-55963-660-5"><bdi>978-1-55963-660-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sustainability+and+Cities%3A+Overcoming+Automobile+Dependence&rft.pub=Island+Press&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-1-55963-660-5&rft.aulast=Newman&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft.au=Jeffrey+R.+Kenworthy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APublic+transport" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOvenden,_Mark2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Ovenden" title="Mark Ovenden">Ovenden, Mark</a> (2007). <i>Transit Maps of the World</i>. London: Penguin. p. 7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-311265-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-311265-5"><bdi>978-0-14-311265-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Transit+Maps+of+the+World&rft.place=London&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-14-311265-5&rft.au=Ovenden%2C+Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APublic+transport" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFValderramaBeltran2007" class="citation web cs1">Valderrama, A.; Beltran, I. (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20070630062439/http://ejournal.nbii.org/archives/vol3iss1/0608-025.valderrama.html">"Diesel versus compressed natural gas in Transmilenio-Bogotá: innovation, precaution, and distribution of risk"</a>. <i>Sustainability: Science, Practice, & Policy 3(1):59–67</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ejournal.nbii.org/archives/vol3iss1/0608-025.valderrama.html">the original</a> on 30 June 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sustainability%3A+Science%2C+Practice%2C+%26+Policy+3%281%29%3A59%E2%80%9367&rft.atitle=Diesel+versus+compressed+natural+gas+in+Transmilenio-Bogot%C3%A1%3A+innovation%2C+precaution%2C+and+distribution+of+risk&rft.date=2007&rft.aulast=Valderrama&rft.aufirst=A.&rft.au=Beltran%2C+I.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fejournal.nbii.org%2Farchives%2Fvol3iss1%2F0608-025.valderrama.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APublic+transport" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCostales,_Bryan2021" class="citation book cs1">Costales, Bryan (2021). <i>Elevator Versus Bus</i>. United States: Fool Church Media. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1945232-41-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1945232-41-1"><bdi>978-1945232-41-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Elevator+Versus+Bus&rft.place=United+States&rft.pub=Fool+Church+Media&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-1945232-41-1&rft.au=Costales%2C+Bryan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APublic+transport" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Public_transport&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Public_transport" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Public transport">Public transport</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.uitp.org/">International Association of Public Transport</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ushsr.com/">US High-Speed Rail Association</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Public_transport" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Public_transport" title="Template:Public transport"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Public_transport" title="Template talk:Public transport"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Public_transport" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Public transport"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Public_transport" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Public transport</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Public_transport_bus_service" title="Public transport bus service">Bus service</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bus" title="Bus">Bus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bus_driver" title="Bus driver">driver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_buses" title="List of buses">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bus_rapid_transit" title="Bus rapid transit">Bus rapid transit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Express_bus_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Express bus service">Express bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guided_bus" title="Guided bus">Guided bus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autonomous_Rail_Rapid_Transit" title="Autonomous Rail Rapid Transit">Autonomous Rail Rapid Transit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intercity_bus_service" title="Intercity bus service">Intercity bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_top_bus" title="Open top bus">Open top bus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charabanc" title="Charabanc">Charabanc</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_light_bus" title="Public light bus">Public light bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_replacement_bus_service" title="Rail replacement bus service">Rail replacement bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Share_taxi" title="Share taxi">Share taxi/Taxibus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marshrutka" title="Marshrutka">Marshrutka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pesero" title="Pesero">Pesero</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shuttle_bus_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Shuttle bus service">Shuttle bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transit_bus" title="Transit bus">Transit bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trolleybus" title="Trolleybus">Trolleybus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport" title="Rail transport">Rail</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Passenger_rail_terminology" title="Passenger rail terminology">Passenger rail terminology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_rail_transport_terms" title="Glossary of rail transport terms">glossary</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airport_rail_link" title="Airport rail link">Airport rail link</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commuter_rail" title="Commuter rail">Commuter rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elevated_railway" title="Elevated railway">Elevated railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funicular" title="Funicular">Funicular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_railway" title="Heritage railway">Heritage railway</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heritage_streetcar" title="Heritage streetcar">Heritage streetcar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_rail" title="High-speed rail">High-speed rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higher-speed_rail" title="Higher-speed rail">Higher-speed rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inter-city_rail" title="Inter-city rail">Inter-city rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interurban" title="Interurban">Interurban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maglev" title="Maglev">Maglev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monorail" title="Monorail">Monorail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narrow-gauge_railway" title="Narrow-gauge railway">Narrow-gauge railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/People_mover" title="People mover">People mover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Railbus" title="Railbus">Railbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rapid_transit" title="Rapid transit">Metro/Rapid Transit</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medium-capacity_rail_system" title="Medium-capacity rail system">Medium-capacity rail system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubber-tyred_metro" title="Rubber-tyred metro">Rubber-tyred metro</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Regional_rail" title="Regional rail">Regional rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_running_train" title="Street running train">Street running</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suspension_railway" title="Suspension railway">Suspension railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tram" title="Tram">Tram</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cable_car_(railway)" title="Cable car (railway)">Cable car</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horsecar" title="Horsecar">Horsecar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_rail" title="Light rail">Light rail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tram-train" title="Tram-train">Tram-train</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vehicle_for_hire" title="Vehicle for hire">Vehicles<br /> for hire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auto_rickshaw" title="Auto rickshaw">Auto rickshaw taxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boda_boda" title="Boda boda">Boda boda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combination_bus" title="Combination bus">Combination bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycle_rickshaw" title="Cycle rickshaw">Cycle rickshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demand-responsive_transport" title="Demand-responsive transport">Demand-responsive transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microtransit" title="Microtransit">Microtransit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paratransit" title="Paratransit">Paratransit</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dollar_van" class="mw-redirect" title="Dollar van">Dollar van</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolmu%C5%9F" title="Dolmuş">Dolmuş</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hackney_carriage" title="Hackney carriage">Hackney carriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeepney" title="Jeepney">Jeepney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limousine" title="Limousine">Limousine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motorcycle_taxi" title="Motorcycle taxi">Motorcycle taxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marshrutka" title="Marshrutka">Marshrutka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanny_van" title="Nanny van">Nanny van</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_rapid_transit" title="Personal rapid transit">Personal rapid transit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pesero" title="Pesero">Pesero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_light_bus" title="Public light bus">Public light bus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulled_rickshaw" title="Pulled rickshaw">Pulled rickshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Share_taxi" title="Share taxi">Share taxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Songthaew" title="Songthaew">Songthaew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxi" title="Taxi">Taxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auto_rickshaw" title="Auto rickshaw">Tuk tuk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Carpool" title="Carpool">Carpooling</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Car_jockey" title="Car jockey">Car jockey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flexible_carpooling" class="mw-redirect" title="Flexible carpooling">Flexible carpooling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ridesharing_company" title="Ridesharing company">Real-time ridesharing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slugging" title="Slugging">Slugging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanpool" title="Vanpool">Vanpool</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Maritime_transport" title="Maritime transport">Ship</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cable_ferry" title="Cable ferry">Cable ferry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ferry" title="Ferry">Ferry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondola" title="Gondola">Gondola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hovercraft" title="Hovercraft">Hovercraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrofoil" title="Hydrofoil">Hydrofoil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ocean_liner" title="Ocean liner">Ocean liner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaporetto" title="Vaporetto">Vaporetto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_taxi" title="Water taxi">Water taxi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cable_transport" title="Cable transport">Cable</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aerial_tramway" title="Aerial tramway">Aerial tramway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_ferry" title="Cable ferry">Cable ferry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_railway" title="Cable railway">Cable railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elevator" title="Elevator">Elevator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funicular" title="Funicular">Funicular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondola_lift" title="Gondola lift">Gondola lift</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bicable_gondola_lift" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicable gondola lift">bicable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tricable_gondola_lift" title="Tricable gondola lift">tricable</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inclined_elevator" title="Inclined elevator">Inclined elevator</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other<br />transport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airline" title="Airline">Airline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Airliner" title="Airliner">Airliner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carsharing" title="Carsharing">Carsharing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle-sharing_system" title="Bicycle-sharing system">Bicycle-sharing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scooter-sharing_system" title="Scooter-sharing system">Scooter-sharing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elevator" title="Elevator">Elevator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escalator" title="Escalator">Escalator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse-drawn_vehicle" title="Horse-drawn vehicle">Horse-drawn vehicle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperloop" title="Hyperloop">Hyperloop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inclined_elevator" title="Inclined elevator">Inclined elevator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moving_walkway" title="Moving walkway">Moving walkway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Personal_transporter" title="Personal transporter">Personal transporter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robotaxi" title="Robotaxi">Robotaxi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shweeb" title="Shweeb">Shweeb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slope_car" title="Slope car">Slope car</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trackless_train" title="Trackless train">Trackless train</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vactrain" title="Vactrain">Vactrain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Locations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airport" title="Airport">Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bus_bulb" title="Bus bulb">Bus bulb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bus_garage" title="Bus garage">Bus garage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bus_lane" title="Bus lane">Bus lane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bus_stand" title="Bus stand">Bus stand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bus_station" title="Bus station">Bus station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bus_stop" title="Bus stop">Bus stop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bus_turnout" title="Bus turnout">Bus turnout (bus bay)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dry_dock" title="Dry dock">Dry dock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passenger_terminal_(maritime)" class="mw-redirect" title="Passenger terminal (maritime)">Ferry terminal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hangar" title="Hangar">Hangar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harbor" title="Harbor">Harbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interchange_station" title="Interchange station">Interchange station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kassel_kerb" title="Kassel kerb">Kassel kerb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Layover" title="Layover">Layover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_station" title="Metro station">Metro station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_and_ride" title="Park and ride">Park and ride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port" title="Port">Port</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queue_jump" title="Queue jump">Queue jump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxi_stand" title="Taxi stand">Taxicab stand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Train_station" title="Train station">Train station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tram_stop" title="Tram stop">Tram stop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transit_mall" title="Transit mall">Transit mall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_hub" title="Transport hub">Transport hub</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ticket_(admission)" title="Ticket (admission)">Ticketing</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Fare" title="Fare">fares</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Automated_fare_collection" title="Automated fare collection">Automated fare collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bus_advertising" title="Bus advertising">Bus advertising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contract_of_carriage" title="Contract of carriage">Contract of carriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dead_mileage" title="Dead mileage">Dead mileage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exit_fare" title="Exit fare">Exit fare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fare_avoidance" title="Fare avoidance">Fare avoidance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fare_capping" title="Fare capping">Fare capping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fare_evasion" title="Fare evasion">Fare evasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_public_transport" title="Free public transport">Free public transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_travel_pass" title="Free travel pass">Free travel pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrated_ticketing" title="Integrated ticketing">Integrated ticketing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manual_fare_collection" title="Manual fare collection">Manual fare collection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Money_train" title="Money train">Money train</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paid_area" title="Paid area">Paid area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penalty_fare" title="Penalty fare">Penalty fare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proof-of-payment" title="Proof-of-payment">Proof-of-payment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reduced_fare_program" title="Reduced fare program">Reduced fare program</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfer_(public_transit)" title="Transfer (public transit)">Transfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transit_pass" title="Transit pass">Transit pass</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Routing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Circle_route" title="Circle route">Circle route</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross-city_route" title="Cross-city route">Cross-city route</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Network_length_(transport)" title="Network length (transport)">Network length</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-revenue_track" title="Non-revenue track">Non-revenue track</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radial_route" title="Radial route">Radial route</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_network_analysis" title="Transport network analysis">Transport network</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Facilities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Checked_baggage" title="Checked baggage">Checked baggage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_first_class_commuter_transport_services" class="mw-redirect" title="List of first class commuter transport services">First class</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sleeping_car" title="Sleeping car">Sleeper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standing_passenger" title="Standing passenger">Standing passenger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Travel_class" title="Travel class">Travel class</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Scheduling</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bus_bunching" title="Bus bunching">Bus bunching</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clock-face_scheduling" title="Clock-face scheduling">Clock-face scheduling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headway" title="Headway">Headway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_service_(public_transport)" title="Night service (public transport)">Night (owl) service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/On-time_performance" title="On-time performance">On-time performance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_transport_timetable" title="Public transport timetable">Public transport timetable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_turn" title="Short turn">Short turn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Airport_security" title="Airport security">Airport security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complete_streets" title="Complete streets">Complete streets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_transport_hierarchy" title="Green transport hierarchy">Green transport hierarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farebox_recovery_ratio" title="Farebox recovery ratio">Farebox recovery ratio</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rail_subsidies" title="Rail subsidies">Rail subsidies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_transport_security" title="Public transport security">Security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_hierarchy" title="Street hierarchy">Street hierarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transit_district" title="Transit district">Transit district</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transit_police" title="Transit police">Transit police</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_authority" title="Transportation authority">Transportation authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_demand_management" title="Transportation demand management">Transportation demand management</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_planning" title="Transportation planning">Transportation planning</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transit-oriented_development" title="Transit-oriented development">Transit-oriented development (TOD)</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technology<br /> and signage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Destination_sign" title="Destination sign">Destination sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passenger_information_system" title="Passenger information system">Passenger information system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platform_display" title="Platform display">Platform display</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platform_screen_doors" title="Platform screen doors">Platform screen doors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_transport_smart_cards" title="List of public transport smart cards">Smart cards</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CIPURSE" title="CIPURSE">CIPURSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calypso_(electronic_ticketing_system)" title="Calypso (electronic ticketing system)">Calypso</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ticket_machine" title="Ticket machine">Ticket machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_transport_timetable" title="Public transport timetable">Timetable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transit_map" title="Transit map">Transit map</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boarding_(transport)" title="Boarding (transport)">Boarding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bus_rapid_transit_creep" title="Bus rapid transit creep">Bus rapid transit creep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crush_load" title="Crush load">Crush load</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwell_time_(transportation)" title="Dwell time (transportation)">Dwell time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hail_and_ride" title="Hail and ride">Hail and ride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_transport" title="Land transport">Land transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_transport" title="Outline of transport">Outline of transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passenger_load_factor" title="Passenger load factor">Passenger load factor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_good_(economics)" title="Public good (economics)">Public good</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Request_stop" title="Request stop">Request stop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Service_(economics)" title="Service (economics)">Service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_transport" title="Sustainable transport">Sustainable transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timing_point" title="Timing point">Timing point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_economics" title="Transport economics">Transport economics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micromobility" title="Micromobility">Micromobility</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_ksysv_square.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Transport" title="Portal:Transport">Transport portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Public_services" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Public_services" title="Template:Public services"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Public_services" title="Template talk:Public services"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Public_services" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Public services"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Public_services" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Public_service" title="Public service">Public services</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Municipalization" title="Municipalization">Municipalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nationalization" title="Nationalization">Nationalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_tax" title="Progressive tax">Progressive tax</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Common_good" title="Common good">Common good</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free-culture_movement" title="Free-culture movement">Free-culture movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_newspaper" title="Free newspaper">Free newspaper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Product_sample" title="Product sample">Product sample</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_administration" title="Public administration">Public administration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_bad" title="Public bad">Public bad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_domain" title="Public domain">Public domain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_good_(economics)" title="Public good (economics)">Public good (economics)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_health" title="Public health">Public health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_interest" title="Public interest">Public interest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_land" title="Public land">Public land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_ownership" title="State ownership">Public ownership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_policy" title="Public policy">Public policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_rights" title="Public rights">Public rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_procurement" title="Government procurement">Public procurement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_trust" title="Public trust">Public trust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_value" title="Public value">Public value</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_access_to_education" title="Universal access to education">Universal access to education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_basic_services" title="Universal basic services">Universal basic services</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Basic services</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Civil_service" title="Civil service">Civil service</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_department" title="Fire department">Fire department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement" title="Law enforcement">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mail" title="Mail">Postal service</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Postal_savings_system" title="Postal savings system">Savings system</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_broadcasting" title="Public broadcasting">Public broadcasting</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Public transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_basic_services" title="Universal basic services">Universal basic services</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Public_utility" title="Public utility">Public utility</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electric_utility" title="Electric utility">Electric utility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_oil_company" title="National oil company">Oil & gas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postal,_telegraph_and_telephone_service" title="Postal, telegraph and telephone service">Telecommunication</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Municipal_broadband" title="Municipal broadband">Municipal broadband</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_infrastructure" class="mw-redirect" title="Public infrastructure">Public infrastructure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_water_system" title="Public water system">Public water system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waste_management" title="Waste management">Waste management</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Public_works" title="Public works">Public works</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drinking_fountain" title="Drinking fountain">Drinking fountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_clinic" title="Free clinic">Free clinic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_education" title="Free education">Free education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrastructure" title="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Needle_and_syringe_programmes" title="Needle and syringe programmes">Needle and syringe programmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_art" title="Public art">Public art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_bank" title="Public bank">Public bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_bookcase" title="Public bookcase">Public bookcase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_computer" title="Public computer">Public computer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_hospital" title="Public hospital">Public hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_library" title="Public library">Public library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_open_space" title="Public open space">Public open space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_school" title="State school">Public school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_space" title="Public space">Public space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_toilet" title="Public toilet">Public toilet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_university" title="Public university">Public university</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supervised_injection_site" title="Supervised injection site">Supervised injection site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urban_park" title="Urban park">Urban park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Social_services" title="Social services">Social services</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Publicly_funded_health_care" title="Publicly funded health care">Publicly funded health care</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_housing" title="Public housing">Public housing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_creation" class="mw-redirect" title="Job creation">Job creation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_guarantee" title="Job guarantee">Job guarantee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-payer_health_care" class="mw-redirect" title="Single-payer health care">Single-payer health care</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_health_insurance" title="National health insurance">National health insurance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_insurance" title="Social insurance">Social insurance</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Social_pension" title="Social pension">Social pension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_security" class="mw-redirect" title="Social security">Social security</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Youth_services" title="Youth services">Youth services</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commons" title="Commons">Commons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_auction" title="Government auction">Government auction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_float" title="Public float">Public float</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holiday" title="Public holiday">Public holiday</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_offering" title="Public offering">Public offering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_sector" title="Public sector">Public sector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_security" title="Public security">Public security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_use" title="Public use">Public use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_viewing_area" title="Public viewing area">Public viewing area</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Public_services" title="Category:Public services">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Public_services" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Public services">Commons</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link 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id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178512#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178512#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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