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<li id="toc-Ethnic_roots" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnic_roots"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Ethnic roots</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnic_roots-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Among_Mongols" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Among_Mongols"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Among Mongols</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Among_Mongols-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Among_Turkic_peoples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Among_Turkic_peoples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Among Turkic peoples</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Among_Turkic_peoples-sublist" 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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " 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Available in 37 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-37" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">37 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="نايمان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نايمان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naymanlar" title="Naymanlar – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Naymanlar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="نایمان‌لار – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="نایمان‌لار" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Наймани – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Наймани" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naiman" title="Naiman – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Naiman" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naimanen" title="Naimanen – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Naimanen" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naimanid" title="Naimanid – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Naimanid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%B1%CF%8A%CE%BC%CE%AC%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%B9" title="Ναϊμάνοι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ναϊμάνοι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naimano" title="Naimano – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Naimano" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="نایمان – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نایمان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na%C3%AFmans" title="Naïmans – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Naïmans" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%82%98%EC%9D%B4%EB%A7%8C" title="나이만 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="나이만" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%97" title="नायमन लोग – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नायमन लोग" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naiman" title="Naiman – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Naiman" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naiman" title="Naiman – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Naiman" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Наймандар – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Наймандар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Наймандар – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Наймандар" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Najmanok" title="Najmanok – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Najmanok" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%88%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%A8" title="नैमन – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="नैमन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Найман – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Найман" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naimanen" title="Naimanen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Naimanen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8A%E3%82%A4%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3" title="ナイマン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ナイマン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naimaner" title="Naimaner – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Naimaner" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nayman" title="Nayman – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Nayman" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%84%D9%88%DA%A9" title="نائیمان لوک – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="نائیمان لوک" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Najmanowie" title="Najmanowie – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Najmanowie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naimanos" title="Naimanos – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Naimanos" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Найманы – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Найманы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Najmani" title="Najmani – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Najmani" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naimaanit" title="Naimaanit – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Naimaanit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naimaner" title="Naimaner – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Naimaner" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D" title="நைமர்கள் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நைமர்கள்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naymanlar" title="Naymanlar – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Naymanlar" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Наймани – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Наймани" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ng%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Di_N%C3%A3i_Man" title="Người Nãi Man – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Người Nãi Man" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%83%E8%A0%BB" title="乃蠻 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="乃蠻" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B9%83%E8%9B%AE" title="乃蛮 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="乃蛮" data-language-autonym="中文" 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">12th-century tribal confederation of the Mongolian Plateau</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Naimans</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above nickname" style="font-size:115%; font-weight:normal;"><div lang="mn"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237794275">.mw-parser-output .font-mong{font-family:"Menk Hawang Tig","Menk Qagan Tig","Menk Garqag Tig","Menk Har_a Tig","Menk Scnin Tig","Oyun Gurban Ulus Tig","Oyun Qagan Tig","Oyun Garqag Tig","Oyun Har_a Tig","Oyun Scnin Tig","Oyun Agula Tig","Mongolian Baiti","Noto Sans Mongolian","Mongolian Universal White","Mongol Usug","Mongolian White","MongolianScript","Code2000","Menksoft Qagan"}.mw-parser-output .font-mong-mnc,.mw-parser-output .font-mong:lang(mnc-Mong),.mw-parser-output .font-mong:lang(dta-Mong),.mw-parser-output .font-mong:lang(sjo-Mong){font-family:"Abkai Xanyan","Abkai Xanyan LA","Abkai Xanyan VT","Abkai Xanyan XX","Abkai Xanyan SC","Abkai Buleku","Daicing White","Mongolian Baiti","Noto Sans Mongolian","Mongolian Universal White"}</style><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠨ</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Naiman_Khanate.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Naiman_Khanate.png/330px-Naiman_Khanate.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="216" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Naiman_Khanate.png/495px-Naiman_Khanate.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Naiman_Khanate.png/660px-Naiman_Khanate.png 2x" data-file-width="813" data-file-height="532" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Location of the Naiman khanate at the start of the <a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol Empire</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/23px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/35px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Mongolia.svg/46px-Flag_of_Mongolia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a><sup id="cite_ref-Үндэсний_Статистикийн_Хороо_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Үндэсний_Статистикийн_Хороо-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Ochir_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ochir-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data"><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="This term requires quantification. (May 2019)">quantify</span></a></i>]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>: <a href="/wiki/Naiman_Banner" title="Naiman Banner">Naiman Banner</a><sup id="cite_ref-Ochir_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ochir-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data"><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="This term requires quantification. (May 2019)">quantify</span></a></i>]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="font-weight:normal;"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg/46px-Flag_of_Kazakhstan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a><sup id="cite_ref-Historical_Dictionary_of_Kazakhstan_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Historical_Dictionary_of_Kazakhstan-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th><td class="infobox-data">940.000<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Turkic_languages" title="Turkic languages">Turkic</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Man2013_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Man2013-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rossabi2012_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rossabi2012-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Mote2003_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mote2003-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Mongolic_languages" title="Mongolic languages">Mongolic</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan Buddhism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Shamanism" title="Shamanism">Shamanism</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Nestorianism" title="Nestorianism">Nestorianism</a> (Former)<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Naiman</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Mongolian_language" title="Mongolian language">Mongolian</a>: <span lang="mn"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237794275"><span class="font-mong" style="display:inline-block; font-weight:normal; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.2em; -webkit-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -o-writing-mode: vertical-lr; -ms-writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: tb-lr; writing-mode: vertical-lr;; text-orientation: sideways; vertical-align:text-top;">ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠨ</span></span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="mn-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Mongolian" title="Help:IPA/Mongolian">[ˈnɛːmɴ̩]</a></span>; <a href="/wiki/Kazakh_language" title="Kazakh language">Kazakh</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_language" title="Kyrgyz language">Kyrgyz</a>: <span lang="ky">Найман</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[nɑjˈmɑn]</a></span>), meaning <b>The Eight</b>, were a medieval tribe originating in the territory of modern Western <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a><sup id="cite_ref-Бартольд_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Бартольд-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (possibly during the time of the <a href="/wiki/Uyghur_Khaganate" title="Uyghur Khaganate">Uyghur Khaganate</a>),<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and are one of the 92 tribes of <a href="/wiki/Uzbeks" title="Uzbeks">Uzbeks</a>, modern <a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongols</a><sup id="cite_ref-Ochir_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ochir-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_juz" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle juz">middle juz</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Kazakhs" title="Kazakhs">Kazakhs</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naimans&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <i><a href="/wiki/The_Secret_History_of_the_Mongols" class="mw-redirect" title="The Secret History of the Mongols">The Secret History of the Mongols</a></i>, the Naiman subtribe the "Güchügüd" are mentioned. According to Russian Turkologist <a href="/wiki/Nikolai_Aristov" title="Nikolai Aristov">Nikolai Aristov</a>'s view, the Naiman Khanate's western border reached the <a href="/wiki/Irtysh_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Irtysh River">Irtysh River</a> and its eastern border reached the Mongolian <a href="/wiki/Tamir_River" title="Tamir River">Tamir River</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Altai_Mountains" title="Altai Mountains">Altai Mountains</a> and southern <a href="/wiki/Altai_Republic" title="Altai Republic">Altai Republic</a> were part of the Naiman Khanate.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They had diplomatic relations with the <a href="/wiki/Kara-Khitan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kara-Khitan">Kara-Khitans</a>, and were subservient to them until 1175.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the Russian and Soviet historiography of <a href="/wiki/Central_Asia" title="Central Asia">Central Asia</a> they were traditionally ranked among the <a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongol-speaking</a> tribes.<sup id="cite_ref-РАН_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-РАН-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For instance, such Russian orientalists as <a href="/wiki/Vasily_Bartold" title="Vasily Bartold">Vasily Bartold</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Бартольд_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Бартольд-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Grigory_Potanin" title="Grigory Potanin">Grigory Potanin</a>, Boris Vladimirtsov, <a href="/wiki/Ilya_Pavlovich_Petrushevsky" title="Ilya Pavlovich Petrushevsky">Ilya Petrushevsky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Poppe" title="Nicholas Poppe">Nicholas Poppe</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-РАН_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-РАН-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Lev_Gumilyov" class="mw-redirect" title="Lev Gumilyov">Lev Gumilyov</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Gumilyov_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gumilyov-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vadim Trepavlov classified them as one of Mongol tribes.<sup id="cite_ref-РАН_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-РАН-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other scholars classified them as a <a href="/wiki/Turkic_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Turkic people">Turkic people</a> from <a href="/wiki/Oghuz_Turks" title="Oghuz Turks">Sekiz Oghuz</a> (means "Eight Oghuz" in <a href="/wiki/Turkic_languages" title="Turkic languages">Turkic</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-mac_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mac-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the term "Naiman" has Mongolian origin meaning "eight", but their titles are Turkic, and they are thought by some to be possibly Mongolized Turks.<sup id="cite_ref-winkler_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-winkler-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They have been described as Turkic-speaking,<sup id="cite_ref-winkler_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-winkler-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as well as Mongolian-speaking.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like the <a href="/wiki/Khitan_people" title="Khitan people">Khitans</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Qocho" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Qocho">Uyghurs</a>, many of them were <a href="/wiki/Nestorian_Christian" class="mw-redirect" title="Nestorian Christian">Nestorian Christians</a> or <a href="/wiki/Buddhist" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhist">Buddhists</a>. </p><p>The Naimans were located to the west of the Mongols, and there were more Naimans than Mongols in the late 12th century. In 1199, Temüjin (<a href="/wiki/Genghis_Khan" title="Genghis Khan">Genghis Khan</a>) together with an ally <a href="/wiki/Toghrul" title="Toghrul">Ong khan</a> launched a campaign against the Naimans.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They defeated Buyirugh, a Naiman khan who ruled the mountain lineage. In 1203, the last <a href="/wiki/Tayang_khan" class="mw-redirect" title="Tayang khan">Tayang khan</a>, the ruler of Naimans of the steppe, was killed after a battle with Genghis Khan. His son <a href="/wiki/Kuchlug" title="Kuchlug">Kuchlug</a> with his remaining Naiman troops then fled to the <a href="/wiki/Kara-Khitan_Khanate" class="mw-redirect" title="Kara-Khitan Khanate">Kara-Khitan Khanate</a>. Kuchlug was well received there and the Khitan Khan gave him his daughter in marriage. Kuchlug soon began plotting against his new father-in-law, and after he usurped the throne, he began to persecute Muslims in the <a href="/wiki/Hami_Oases" class="mw-redirect" title="Hami Oases">Hami Oases</a>. But his action was opposed by local people and he was later defeated by the Mongols under <a href="/wiki/Jebe" title="Jebe">Jebe</a>. </p><p>Although the Naiman Khanlig was crushed by the Mongols, they were seen in every part of the <a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol Empire</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ogedei" class="mw-redirect" title="Ogedei">Ogedei</a>'s great <i><a href="/wiki/Khatun" title="Khatun">khatun</a></i> ("queen") <a href="/wiki/T%C3%B6regene_Khatun" title="Töregene Khatun">Töregene</a> might have been from this tribe. <a href="/wiki/Hulegu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hulegu">Hulegu</a> had a Naiman general, <a href="/wiki/Ketbuqa" class="mw-redirect" title="Ketbuqa">Ketbuqa</a>, who died in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ain_Jalut" title="Battle of Ain Jalut">Battle of Ain Jalut</a> in 1260. </p><p>After the collapse of the Yuan dynasty, the Naiman were eventually assimilated into Mongol, Tatar, and Kazakh tribes.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnic_roots">Ethnic roots</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naimans&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Ethnic roots"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to Lee & Kuang, the Naiman and the Önggüt tribes were descending from the remainders of <a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Turkic peoples</a> of Central and Eastern Mongolia, which stood not in contact with <a href="/wiki/Iranian_languages" title="Iranian languages">Iranian</a> groups West of the <a href="/wiki/Altai_Mountains" title="Altai Mountains">Altai Mountains</a>, unlike "Western Turks". They were loosely controlled by the Khitan Liao and Jurchen.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other scholars connected them with <a href="/wiki/Oghuz_Turks" title="Oghuz Turks">Sekiz Oghuz</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to such orientalists as <a href="/wiki/Vasily_Bartold" title="Vasily Bartold">Vasily Bartold</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Бартольд_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Бартольд-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Grigory_Potanin" title="Grigory Potanin">Grigory Potanin</a>, Boris Vladimirtsov, <a href="/wiki/Ilya_Pavlovich_Petrushevsky" title="Ilya Pavlovich Petrushevsky">Ilya Petrushevsky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Poppe" title="Nicholas Poppe">Nicholas Poppe</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-РАН_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-РАН-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Lev_Gumilyov" class="mw-redirect" title="Lev Gumilyov">Lev Gumilyov</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Gumilyov_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gumilyov-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vadim Trepavlov<sup id="cite_ref-РАН_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-РАН-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the origin of the Naimans was connected with the <a href="/wiki/Mongolic_peoples" title="Mongolic peoples">Mongol-speaking peoples</a>. Gumilev believed that they were part of the <a href="/wiki/Khitans" class="mw-redirect" title="Khitans">Khitans</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gumilyov_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gumilyov-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Among_Mongols">Among Mongols</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naimans&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Among Mongols"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The modern Naiman tribe is an ethnic group in <a href="/wiki/Naiman_Banner" title="Naiman Banner">Naiman Banner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolia" title="Inner Mongolia">Inner Mongolia</a> of China. The clan Naiman changed the clan name and <a href="/wiki/List_of_modern_Mongolian_clans#N" class="mw-redirect" title="List of modern Mongolian clans">mixed with other tribes</a> in <a href="/wiki/Mongolia" title="Mongolia">Mongolia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Among_Turkic_peoples">Among Turkic peoples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naimans&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Among Turkic peoples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kazakhs">Kazakhs</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naimans&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Kazakhs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kz_Tribe_Argyns.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Kz_Tribe_Argyns.gif/220px-Kz_Tribe_Argyns.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Kz_Tribe_Argyns.gif/330px-Kz_Tribe_Argyns.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Kz_Tribe_Argyns.gif/440px-Kz_Tribe_Argyns.gif 2x" data-file-width="744" data-file-height="684" /></a><figcaption>Ethnographic map of the Middle or Orta zhuz in Kazakhstan in the early 20th century, following M. S. Mukanov (1991)<sup id="cite_ref-Mukanov_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mukanov-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Modern Kazakh historians claim that more than 2 million of the <a href="/wiki/Kazakhs" title="Kazakhs">Kazakh</a> population are Naimans (see <a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCz" title="Jüz">Modern Kazakh tribes</a> or <a href="/wiki/Middle_Juz" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle Juz">Middle Juz</a>). They originate from eastern <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a>. Some Naimans dissimilated with the <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_people" title="Kyrgyz people">Kyrgyz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Uzbeks" title="Uzbeks">Uzbek</a> ethnicities and are still found among them. Now, the Naimans are one of the big tribes of modern Kazakh peoples, they belong to <a href="/wiki/Middle_j%C3%BCz" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle jüz">Middle Juz</a> of Kazakhs, live mainly in the eastern, central and southern parts of Kazakhstan, with a population of approximately one million among Kazakhs in Kazakhstan. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zakaukazie-Turkestan1903.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Zakaukazie-Turkestan1903.jpg/220px-Zakaukazie-Turkestan1903.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Zakaukazie-Turkestan1903.jpg/330px-Zakaukazie-Turkestan1903.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Zakaukazie-Turkestan1903.jpg/440px-Zakaukazie-Turkestan1903.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3504" data-file-height="2550" /></a><figcaption>Map from a 1903 Polish encyclopedia showing the Naiman people living north of <a href="/wiki/Lake_Balkhash" title="Lake Balkhash">Lake Balkhash</a> in eastern Kazakhstan</figcaption></figure> <p>They also exist with considerable population among the Kazakhs in China, Uzbekistan and Russia, the Naiman tribe populations in the Kazakhs in China is 700000 or more, mostly living in the western part of Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region of China, in the <a href="/wiki/Ili_Kazakh_Autonomous_Prefecture" title="Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture">Ili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture</a>. Naimans are also one of the major tribe among Kazakhs in the Uzbekistan, they also exist among Kazakhs in Kyrgyzstan and Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Hazaras">Hazaras</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naimans&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Hazaras"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There is a <a href="/wiki/List_of_Hazara_tribes" title="List of Hazara tribes">tribe</a> of <a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Ali_(Hazara_tribe)" title="Sheikh Ali (Hazara tribe)">Sheikh Ali</a> <a href="/wiki/Hazaras" title="Hazaras">Hazaras</a> who are of Naiman origin. In <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> they mainly reside in the <a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Ali_District" title="Sheikh Ali District">Sheikh Ali District</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Parwan_Province" title="Parwan Province">Parwan Province</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naimans&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The main religion of the Naimans was <a href="/wiki/Shamanism" title="Shamanism">shamanism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nestorian_Christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Nestorian Christianity">Nestorian Christianity</a>. The Naimans that adopted Nestorianism probably converted around the same time the <a href="/wiki/Keraites" title="Keraites">Keraites</a> adopted the religion in the 11th century.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They remained so after the Mongol conquest and were among the second wave of Christians to enter China with <a href="/wiki/Kublai_Khan" title="Kublai Khan">Kublai Khan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some Nestorian Naiman fled to <a href="/wiki/Qara_Khitai" title="Qara Khitai">Kara Khitai</a> during the Mongol conquests where some converted to <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There was a tradition that the Naimans and their Christian relatives, the <a href="/wiki/Keraites" title="Keraites">Keraites</a>, descended from the <a href="/wiki/Biblical_Magi" title="Biblical Magi">Biblical Magi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The commander of the Mongol army that invaded Syria in 1259, <a href="/wiki/Kitbuqa" title="Kitbuqa">Kitbuqa</a>, was a Naiman: he is recorded to have "loved and honoured the Christians, because he was of the lineage of the <a href="/wiki/Three_Kings_of_Orient" class="mw-redirect" title="Three Kings of Orient">Three Kings of Orient</a> who came to Bethlehem to adore the nativity of Our Lord".<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Kitbuqa was slain and his army decisively defeated at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ain_Jalut" title="Battle of Ain Jalut">Battle of Ain Jalut</a>, ensuring continued Muslim hegemony over the <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a>. </p><p>Nestorianism declined and vanished among the Naiman soon after the collapse of the <a href="/wiki/Yuan_dynasty" title="Yuan dynasty">Yuan dynasty</a>. Mongolian Naimans converted to <a href="/wiki/Tibetan_Buddhism" title="Tibetan Buddhism">Tibetan Buddhism</a> in the sixteenth century. The Naiman assimilated into other ethnic groups living in Eurasia and likely adopted the religion and culture of the dominant group.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Naimans who settled in the western khanates of the Mongol Empire all eventually converted to Islam. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naimans&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_medieval_Mongol_tribes_and_clans" title="List of medieval Mongol tribes and clans">List of medieval Mongol tribes and clans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Mongolian" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern Mongolian">Southern Mongolian dialect</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naimans&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Үндэсний_Статистикийн_Хороо-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Үндэсний_Статистикийн_Хороо_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www2.1212.mn/sonirkholtoi/FamilyName/?search=НАЙМАН">Үндэсний Статистикийн Хороо. Найман.</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ochir-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ochir_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ochir_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ochir_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Очир А. Монгольские этнонимы: вопросы происхождения и этнического состава монгольских народов / д.и.н. Э. П. Бакаева, д.и.н. К. В. Орлова. — Элиста: КИГИ РАН, 2016. — 286 с. — С. 116—119. — <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-5-903833-93-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-5-903833-93-1">978-5-903833-93-1</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Historical_Dictionary_of_Kazakhstan-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Historical_Dictionary_of_Kazakhstan_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BbRsMq03dh0C&q=naiman">D. Kassymova, Z. Kundakbayeva, U. Markus. Historical Dictionary of Kazakhstan.</a> — Scarecrow Press, 2012. — 362 p. — P. 191. — <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-7983-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-7983-6">978-0-8108-7983-6</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Казахов посчитали по родам: самые многочисленные — аргыны и дулаты <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://365info.kz/2016/08/kazahov-poschitali-po-rodam-samye-mnogochislennye-argyny-i-dulaty">https://365info.kz/2016/08/kazahov-poschitali-po-rodam-samye-mnogochislennye-argyny-i-dulaty</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Man2013-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Man2013_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMan2013" class="citation book cs1">Man, John (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0eEKAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA19"><i>Genghis Khan: Life, Death, and Resurrection</i></a>. St. Martin's Publishing Group. pp. 19–20. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4668-6156-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4668-6156-5"><bdi>978-1-4668-6156-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Genghis+Khan%3A+Life%2C+Death%2C+and+Resurrection&rft.pages=19-20&rft.pub=St.+Martin%27s+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-4668-6156-5&rft.aulast=Man&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0eEKAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaimans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rossabi2012-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rossabi2012_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRossabi2012" class="citation book cs1">Rossabi, Morris (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Qfu7ONV1pBYC&pg=PT46"><i>The Mongols: A Very Short Introduction</i></a>. Oxford University Press. p. 46. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-993935-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-993935-0"><bdi>978-0-19-993935-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Mongols%3A+A+Very+Short+Introduction&rft.pages=46&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-19-993935-0&rft.aulast=Rossabi&rft.aufirst=Morris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQfu7ONV1pBYC%26pg%3DPT46&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaimans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mote2003-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mote2003_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMote2003" class="citation book cs1">Mote, Frederick W. 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Harvard University Press. p. 407. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-01212-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-01212-7"><bdi>978-0-674-01212-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Imperial+China+900-1800&rft.pages=407&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-674-01212-7&rft.aulast=Mote&rft.aufirst=Frederick+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSQWW7QgUH4gC%26pg%3DPA407&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaimans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFТодаева_Б._Х.1985" class="citation book cs1">Тодаева Б. Х. (1985). <i>Язык монголов Внутренней Монголии. Очерк диалектов</i>. Москва: Наука. p. 84.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%AF%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA+%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%92%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B8.+%D0%9E%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA+%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.place=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.pages=84&rft.pub=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0&rft.date=1985&rft.au=%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%91.+%D0%A5.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaimans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Бартольд-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Бартольд_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Бартольд_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Бартольд_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFБартольд_В._В.1968" class="citation book cs1">Бартольд В. 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Москва: Наука. p. 104.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%A1%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F.+%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BC+V.+%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%8B+%D0%BF%D0%BE+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D0%B8+%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B8+%D1%82%D1%8E%D1%80%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%B8+%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2&rft.place=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.pages=104&rft.pub=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0&rft.date=1968&rft.au=%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B4+%D0%92.+%D0%92.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaimans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFКузембайулы_А.,_Абиль_Е._А.2006" class="citation book cs1">Кузембайулы А., Абиль Е. А. (2006). <i>История Казахстана</i>. Костанай: Костанайский региональный институт исторических исследований. p. 59. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9965-612-06-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-9965-612-06-0"><bdi>978-9965-612-06-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0&rft.place=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9&rft.pages=59&rft.pub=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-9965-612-06-0&rft.au=%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8B+%D0%90.%2C+%D0%90%D0%B1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C+%D0%95.+%D0%90.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaimans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">History of Mongolia, Volume II, 2003</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael Biran. The Empire of the Kara Khitai in Eurasian History,2005, page 57.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-РАН-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-РАН_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-РАН_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-РАН_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-РАН_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-РАН_13-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><i>Этнический национализм и государственное строительство</i>. Москва: Институт Востоковедения РАН. 2001. p. 326. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-5-89282-193-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-5-89282-193-3"><bdi>978-5-89282-193-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%D0%AD%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC+%D0%B8+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5+%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE&rft.place=%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.pages=326&rft.pub=%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D1%82+%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F+%D0%A0%D0%90%D0%9D&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-5-89282-193-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaimans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gumilyov-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gumilyov_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gumilyov_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gumilyov_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gumilevica.kulichki.net/SIK/sik02f.htm"><i>Гумилёв Л. Н.</i> В поисках вымышленного царства. Трилистник птичьего полёта. 6. Прообраз героя легенды (1100≈1143) [окончание]</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ratchnevsky, Paul. "Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy". 2000, pp.1–4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoemerScharlipp,_Wolfgang-Ekkehard2000" class="citation book cs1">Roemer, Hans Robert; Scharlipp, Wolfgang-Ekkehard (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=86g2AAAAIAAJ"><i>History of the Turkic Peoples in the Pre-Islamic Period</i></a>. Klaus Schwarz Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-87997-283-4" title="Special:BookSources/3-87997-283-4"><bdi>3-87997-283-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Turkic+Peoples+in+the+Pre-Islamic+Period&rft.pub=Klaus+Schwarz+Verlag&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=3-87997-283-4&rft.aulast=Roemer&rft.aufirst=Hans+Robert&rft.au=Scharlipp%2C+Wolfgang-Ekkehard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D86g2AAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaimans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mac-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mac_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCzaplicka2001" class="citation book cs1">Czaplicka, Marie Antoinette (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SvsiRZIpUCQC&pg=RA1-PA72"><i>The Turks of Central Asia in History and at the Present Day</i></a>. Adamant Media Corporation. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4021-6332-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4021-6332-6"><bdi>978-1-4021-6332-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Turks+of+Central+Asia+in+History+and+at+the+Present+Day&rft.pub=Adamant+Media+Corporation&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-4021-6332-6&rft.aulast=Czaplicka&rft.aufirst=Marie+Antoinette&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSvsiRZIpUCQC%26pg%3DRA1-PA72&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaimans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRunciman1987" class="citation book cs1">Runciman, Steven (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mrw8AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA240"><i>A History of the Crusades</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-34770-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-34770-9"><bdi>978-0-521-34770-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Crusades&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=978-0-521-34770-9&rft.aulast=Runciman&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dmrw8AAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA240&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaimans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-winkler-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-winkler_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-winkler_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLi_Tang2009" class="citation book cs1">Li Tang (29 May 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7f9gS40A_3IC&pg=PA258">"Medieval Sources on the Naiman Christians and their Prince Küchlüg Khan"</a>. In Dietmar W. Winkler; Li Tang (eds.). <i>Hidden Treasures and Intercultural Encounters. 2. Auflage: Studies on East Syriac Christianity in China and Central Asia</i>. Lit Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-643-50045-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-643-50045-8"><bdi>978-3-643-50045-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Medieval+Sources+on+the+Naiman+Christians+and+their+Prince+K%C3%BCchl%C3%BCg+Khan&rft.btitle=Hidden+Treasures+and+Intercultural+Encounters.+2.+Auflage%3A+Studies+on+East+Syriac+Christianity+in+China+and+Central+Asia&rft.pub=Lit+Verlag&rft.date=2009-05-29&rft.isbn=978-3-643-50045-8&rft.au=Li+Tang&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7f9gS40A_3IC%26pg%3DPA258&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaimans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarbara_A._West2010" class="citation book cs1">Barbara A. West, ed. (19 May 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pCiNqFj3MQsC&pg=PA577"><i>Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania</i></a>. Chelsea House Publishers. p. 577. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4381-1913-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4381-1913-7"><bdi>978-1-4381-1913-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+the+Peoples+of+Asia+and+Oceania&rft.pages=577&rft.pub=Chelsea+House+Publishers&rft.date=2010-05-19&rft.isbn=978-1-4381-1913-7&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpCiNqFj3MQsC%26pg%3DPA577&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaimans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDenis_C._TwitchettHerbert_FrankeJohn_King_Fairbank1995" class="citation book cs1">Denis C. Twitchett; Herbert Franke; John King Fairbank, eds. (26 January 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iN9Tdfdap5MC&pg=PA339"><i>The Cambridge History of China: Volume 6, Alien Regimes and Border States, 907–1368: Alien Regimes and Border States, 710 -1368 v. 6</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. pp. 338–339. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-24331-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-24331-5"><bdi>978-0-521-24331-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+History+of+China%3A+Volume+6%2C+Alien+Regimes+and+Border+States%2C+907%E2%80%931368%3A+Alien+Regimes+and+Border+States%2C+710+-1368+v.+6&rft.pages=338-339&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1995-01-26&rft.isbn=978-0-521-24331-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiN9Tdfdap5MC%26pg%3DPA339&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaimans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_22-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTang2011" class="citation book cs1">Tang, Li (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dW-GtgAACAAJ"><i>East Syriac Christianity in Mongol-Yuan China</i></a>. Harrassowitz. pp. 30–32. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-447-06580-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-447-06580-1"><bdi>978-3-447-06580-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=East+Syriac+Christianity+in+Mongol-Yuan+China&rft.pages=30-32&rft.pub=Harrassowitz&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-3-447-06580-1&rft.aulast=Tang&rft.aufirst=Li&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdW-GtgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaimans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeeKuang2017" class="citation journal cs1">Lee, Joo-Yup; Kuang, Shuntu (2017-10-18). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brill.com/view/journals/inas/19/2/article-p197_197.xml">"A Comparative Analysis of Chinese Historical Sources and y-dna Studies with Regard to the Early and Medieval Turkic Peoples"</a>. <i>Inner Asia</i>. <b>19</b> (2): 197–239. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F22105018-12340089">10.1163/22105018-12340089</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2210-5018">2210-5018</a>. <q>The Turkic tribes that were still present in the Mongolian steppes at the turn of the thirteenth century included the Önggüt and the Naiman. The Önggüt were probably descended from the Chuyue, the above-mentioned Western Tujue tribe. The Yuanshi states that the chief of the Önggüt, Alawusi Tijihuli (阿剌兀思剔吉忽裏), who submitted to Chinggis Khan in 1203, was 'a descendant of the Shatuo-yanmen (沙陀雁門之後)' (Yuanshi 118.2923). In turn, the Xin Tangshu relates that the Shatuo (沙陀) were 'a progeny of the Chuyue, a separate tribe of the Western Tujue (西突厥別部處月種也)' (ʿAlāʾ al-Dīn ʿAṭā Malik Juvaynī 1958: vol. 1, 55–6).28 The origin of the Naiman is not well documented. However, one may speculate that the Naiman were an offshoot of the Uighurs. As to the physiognomy of the Önggüt and the Naiman, Rashīd al-Dīn relates that the former 'resembled the Mongols (bi-mughūl mānand)' (Rashīd al-Dīn Fażlallāh Hamadānī 1988: Vol. 1, 99; Rashiduddin Fazlullah 1998–99: Vol. 1, 70) and that the girls (dukhtarān) of the latter were 'renowned for their beauty and comeliness (bi-ḥusn va jamāl mashhūr bāshand)' (Rashīd al-Dīn Fażlallāh Hamadānī 1988: Vol. 1, 99; Rashiduddin Fazlullah 1998–99: Vol. 1, 70).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Inner+Asia&rft.atitle=A+Comparative+Analysis+of+Chinese+Historical+Sources+and+y-dna+Studies+with+Regard+to+the+Early+and+Medieval+Turkic+Peoples&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=197-239&rft.date=2017-10-18&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F22105018-12340089&rft.issn=2210-5018&rft.aulast=Lee&rft.aufirst=Joo-Yup&rft.au=Kuang%2C+Shuntu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbrill.com%2Fview%2Fjournals%2Finas%2F19%2F2%2Farticle-p197_197.xml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaimans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ratchnevsky, Paul. "Genghis Khan: His Life and Legacy". 2000, pp.1–4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoemerScharlipp,_Wolfgang-Ekkehard2000" class="citation book cs1">Roemer, Hans Robert; Scharlipp, Wolfgang-Ekkehard (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=86g2AAAAIAAJ"><i>History of the Turkic Peoples in the Pre-Islamic Period</i></a>. Klaus Schwarz Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-87997-283-4" title="Special:BookSources/3-87997-283-4"><bdi>3-87997-283-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Turkic+Peoples+in+the+Pre-Islamic+Period&rft.pub=Klaus+Schwarz+Verlag&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=3-87997-283-4&rft.aulast=Roemer&rft.aufirst=Hans+Robert&rft.au=Scharlipp%2C+Wolfgang-Ekkehard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D86g2AAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANaimans" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The Empire of the Steppes: A History of Central Asia, by René Grousset, p190</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mukanov-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mukanov_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> Муканов М. С., Этническая территория казахов в 18 – нач. 20 вв ("Ethnic territory of Kazakhs from the 18th to the beginning of the 20th century"), Almaty, 1991.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://atababa.kz/en/generation/middle_zhuz/nayman">"Kazakh shezhire"</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.edu/documents/105988371/107571254/Hazara.pdf/231556e9-7ab4-473d-b2e3-53d31eb115eb">Hazara tribal structure</a>, Program for Culture and Conflict Studies, US Naval Postgraduate School</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cary-Elwes, Columba. <i>China and the Cross</i>. (New York: P. J. Kennedy and Sons, 1956) p. 37</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>In regno Tarsae sunt tres prouinciae, quarum dominatores se reges faciunt appellari. Homines illius patriae nominant Iogour. Semper idola coluerunt, et adhuc colunt omnes, praeter decem cognationes illorum regum, qui per demonstrationem stellae uenerunt adorare natiuitatem in Bethlehem Judae. Et adhuc multi magni et nobiles inueniunt inter Tartaros de cognatione illa, qui tenent firmiter fidem Christi.</i> (In the kingdom of Tarsis there are three provinces, whose rulers have called themselves kings. the men of that country are called Uighours. They always worshipped idols, and they all still worship them, except ten families of those Kings who through the appearance of the Star came to adore the Nativity in Bethlehem of Judah. And there are still many of the great and noble of that family found among the Tartars who hold firmly to the faith of Christ.) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=x9tEAAAAcAAJ"><i>De Tartaris Liber,</i></a>, 1307 AD, also called <i>La flor des estoires de la terre d'Orient</i>, by <a href="/wiki/Hayton_of_Corycus" title="Hayton of Corycus">Hayton of Corycus</a> in <i>Novus orbis regionum ac insularum veteribus incognitarum,</i> edited by <a href="/wiki/Simon_Grynaeus" title="Simon Grynaeus">Simon Grynaeus</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Johannes_Huttichius&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Johannes Huttichius (page does not exist)">Johannes Huttichius</a>, Basel, 1532, caput ii, <i>De Regno Tarsae</i>, p.420. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rbedrosian.com/hetumint.htm">English translation</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hayton of Corycus, <i>La flor des estoires de la terre d'Orient</i> (1307), quoted in Ugo Monneret de Villard, <i>Le Leggende orientali sui Magi evangelici,</i> Citta del Vaticano, Biblioteca apostolica vaticana, 1952, p.162. Also found in <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=x9tEAAAAcAAJ"><i>De Tartaris Liber</i></a>, caput XXX, <i>De Cobila Can quinto Imperatore Tartarorum </i>, on page 445: "Nam ipse [Guiboga] fuerat de progenie trium regum, qui uenerunt natiuitatem domini adorare" ("For he was a descendant of the Three Kings who came to the Nativity to adore the Lord").</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Naimans&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" class="extiw" title="kk:Найман">Naiman tribe of Kazakh people – from Wikipedia Naiman introduction in Kazakh language</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elim.kz/naiman/">see the Naiman of Kazakhs at tribal system of Kazakh people www.elim.kz</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304043325/http://baq.kz/regional_media/post/4662">The relationship between Naimans with Khitans</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mongolic_peoples" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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title="Special:EditPage/Template:Mongol ethnic groups"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mongolic_peoples" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mongolic_peoples" title="Mongolic peoples">Mongolic peoples</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Mongolia" title="History of Mongolia">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Mongolian_history" title="Timeline of Mongolian history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Plateau" title="Mongolian Plateau">Mongolian Plateau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_heartland" title="Mongol heartland">Mongol heartland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mongol_states" title="List of Mongol states">States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Mongol_rulers" title="List of Mongol rulers">Rulers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slab_Grave_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Slab Grave culture">Slab Grave culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordos_culture" title="Ordos culture">Ordos culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolic_languages" title="Mongolic languages">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proto-Mongolic_language" title="Proto-Mongolic language">Proto-Mongolic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_medieval_Mongol_tribes_and_clans" title="List of medieval Mongol tribes and clans">Medieval tribes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_modern_Mongol_clans" title="List of modern Mongol clans">Modern clans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomadic_empire" title="Nomadic empire">Nomadic empire</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_Empire" title="Mongol Empire">Mongol Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turco-Mongol_tradition" title="Turco-Mongol tradition">Turco-Mongol</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_nobility" title="Mongolian nobility">Mongolian nobility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_writing_systems" title="Mongolian writing systems">Writing systems</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyombo_symbol" title="Soyombo symbol">Soyombo symbol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Mongolia" title="Buddhism in Mongolia">Religion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Proto-Mongols" title="Proto-Mongols">Proto-Mongols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donghu_people" title="Donghu people">Donghu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xianbei" title="Xianbei">Xianbei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuhuan" title="Wuhuan">Wuhuan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rouran_Khaganate" title="Rouran Khaganate">Rouran</a> <ul><li>incl. <a href="/wiki/Yujiul%C3%BC_clan" title="Yujiulü clan">Yujiulü</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duan_tribe" title="Duan tribe">Duan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuwen" title="Yuwen">Yuwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumo_Xi" title="Kumo Xi">Kumo Xi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murong" title="Murong">Murong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuyuhun" title="Tuyuhun">Tuyuhun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuoba" title="Tuoba">Tuoba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Qin" title="Western Qin">Qifu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Liang_(Sixteen_Kingdoms)" title="Southern Liang (Sixteen Kingdoms)">Tufa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiwei_people" title="Shiwei people">Shiwei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Didouyu" title="Didouyu">Didouyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khitan_people" title="Khitan people">Khitan</a> <ul><li>incl. <a href="/wiki/Yel%C3%BC" title="Yelü">Yelü</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zubu" title="Zubu">Zubu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_medieval_Mongol_tribes_and_clans" title="List of medieval Mongol tribes and clans">Medieval tribes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khamag_Mongol" title="Khamag Mongol">Khamag Mongol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baarins" title="Baarins">Baarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barga_Mongols" title="Barga Mongols">Barga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barlas" title="Barlas">Barlas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayads" title="Bayads">Bayad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borjigin" title="Borjigin">Borjigin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chonos_tribe" title="Chonos tribe">Chonos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dughlats" title="Dughlats">Dughlat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eljigin" title="Eljigin">Eljigin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorlos_Mongols" title="Gorlos Mongols">Gorlos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalairs" title="Jalairs">Jalair</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katagans" title="Katagans">Katagan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keraites" title="Keraites">Kerait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khongirad" title="Khongirad">Khongirad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manghud" title="Manghud">Manghud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merkit" title="Merkit">Merkit</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Naiman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oirats" title="Oirats">Oirat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olkhonud" title="Olkhonud">Olkhonud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ongud" title="Ongud">Ongud</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qara_Khitai" title="Qara Khitai">Qara Khitai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qara%27unas" title="Qara'unas">Qara'unas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunud" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunud">Sunud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taichiud" title="Taichiud">Taichiud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatar_confederation" title="Tatar confederation">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumed" title="Tumed">Tumed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uriankhai" title="Uriankhai">Uriankhai</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ethnic groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mongols" title="Mongols">Mongols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Darkhad" title="Darkhad">Darkhad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dariganga_Mongols" title="Dariganga Mongols">Dariganga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eljigin" title="Eljigin">Eljigin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalkha_Mongols" title="Khalkha Mongols">Khalkha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khotogoid" title="Khotogoid">Khotogoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sartuul" title="Sartuul">Sartuul</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Southern_Mongols" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mongols_in_China" title="Mongols in China">Southern Mongols</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asud" title="Asud">Asud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baarins" title="Baarins">Baarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chahars" title="Chahars">Chahar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Dorbet" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Dorbet">Eastern Dorbet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharchin_Mongols" title="Kharchin Mongols">Kharchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khorchin_Mongols" title="Khorchin Mongols">Khorchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaruud" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaruud">Jaruud</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Naiman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordos_Mongols" title="Ordos Mongols">Ordos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumed" title="Tumed">Tumed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urad_Mongols" title="Urad Mongols">Urad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%9Czemchin_Mongols" title="Üzemchin Mongols">Üzemchin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Oirats" title="Oirats">Oirats</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altai_Uriankhai" title="Altai Uriankhai">Altai Uriankhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baatud" title="Baatud">Baatud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayads" title="Bayads">Bayad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chantuu" title="Chantuu">Chantuu</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Choros_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Choros people">Choros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%B6rbet_Oirat" title="Dörbet Oirat">Dörbet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dzungar_people" title="Dzungar people">Dzungar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khoid" title="Khoid">Khoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khoshut" title="Khoshut">Khoshut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khotons" title="Khotons">Khoton</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalmyks" title="Kalmyks">Kalmyk</a> <ul><li>incl. <a href="/wiki/Buzava" title="Buzava">Buzava</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myangad" title="Myangad">Myangad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olot_people" title="Olot people">Olot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sart_Kalmyks" title="Sart Kalmyks">Sart Kalmyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torghut" title="Torghut">Torghut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Mongols" title="Upper Mongols">Upper Mongols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zakhchin" title="Zakhchin">Zakhchin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Buryats" title="Buryats">Buryats</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barga_Mongols" title="Barga Mongols">Barga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamnigan" title="Hamnigan">Hamnigan</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyot" title="Soyot">Soyot</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aimaq_people" title="Aimaq people">Aimaq</a>**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonan_people" title="Bonan people">Bonan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daur_people" title="Daur people">Daur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongxiangs" class="mw-redirect" title="Dongxiangs">Dongxiang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazaras" title="Hazaras">Hazara</a>**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangjia_language" title="Kangjia language">Kangjia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_people" title="Mughal people">Mughal</a>**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moghol_people" title="Moghol people">Moghol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monguor_people" title="Monguor people">Monguor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khatso" title="Khatso">Khatso</a> (<i>Yunnan Mongol</i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan_Mongols" title="Sichuan Mongols">Sichuan Mongols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sogwo_Arig" title="Sogwo Arig">Sogwo Arig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvans" title="Tuvans">Tuvan</a>**</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugur" class="mw-redirect" title="Yugur">Yugur</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>See also: <a href="/wiki/Template:Donghu_and_Xianbei" title="Template:Donghu and Xianbei">Donghu and Xianbei</a> · <a href="/wiki/Template:Turco-Mongol" title="Template:Turco-Mongol">Turco-Mongol</a><br /> <sup>*</sup>Mongolized ethnic groups.<sup>**</sup>Ethnic groups of Mongolian origin or with a large Mongolian ethnic component.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Turkic_peoples" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Turkic_peoples" title="Template:Turkic peoples"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Turkic_peoples" title="Template talk:Turkic peoples"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Turkic_peoples" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Turkic peoples"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Turkic_peoples" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Turkic peoples</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Peoples</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Azerbaijani communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis" title="Azerbaijanis">Azerbaijanis</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Azerbaijanis" title="Iranian Azerbaijanis">Iranian Azerbaijanis</a></small> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Shahsevan" title="Shahsevan">Shahsevans</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/K%C3%BCres%C3%BCnni" title="Küresünni">Küresünni</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis_in_Georgia" title="Azerbaijanis in Georgia">Georgian Azerbaijanis</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijanis_in_Armenia" title="Azerbaijanis in Armenia">Western Azerbaijanis</a></small> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Karapapakhs" title="Karapapakhs">Karapapakhs</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Javanshir_Qizilbash" title="Javanshir Qizilbash">Javanshir Qizilbash</a></small></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Kazakh communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhs" title="Kazakhs">Kazakhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhs_in_China" title="Kazakhs in China">Chinese Kazakhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Kazakhs" title="Iranian Kazakhs">Iranian Kazakhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Kazakhs" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongolian Kazakhs">Mongolian Kazakhs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Kyrgyz communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_people" title="Kyrgyz people">Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_in_China" title="Kyrgyz in China">Chinese Kyrgyz</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Akto_Turkmen" title="Akto Turkmen">Akto Turkmen</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_in_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyrgyz in Afghanistan">Afghan Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_in_Tajikistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyrgyz in Tajikistan">Tajik Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Kyrgyz" class="mw-redirect" title="Van Kyrgyz">Van Kyrgyz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Turkmen<sup>1</sup> communities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkmens" title="Turkmens">Turkmens</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Turkmens" title="Afghan Turkmens">Afghan Turkmens</a></small> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Ansarlu" title="Ansarlu">Ansarlu</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Turkmens" title="Iranian Turkmens">Iranian Turkmens</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akto_Turkmen" title="Akto Turkmen">Akto Turkmen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Turkish communities<sup>2</sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_people" title="Turkish people">Turks</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Gajal" title="Gajal">Gajal</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Muhacir" title="Muhacir">Muhacirs</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Tahtac%C4%B1" title="Tahtacı">Tahtacıs</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Y%C3%B6r%C3%BCks" title="Yörüks">Yörüks</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Abkhazia" title="Turks in Abkhazia">Abkhazian Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Algeria" title="Turks in Algeria">Algerian Turks</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Kouloughlis" title="Kouloughlis">Kouloughlis</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Turks in Bosnia and Herzegovina">Bosnian Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Turks" title="Bulgarian Turks">Bulgarian Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Croatia" title="Turks in Croatia">Croatian Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cretan_Muslims" title="Cretan Muslims">Cretan Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Cypriots" title="Turkish Cypriots">Cypriot Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_of_the_Dodecanese" title="Turks of the Dodecanese">Dodecanese Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Egypt" title="Turks in Egypt">Egyptian Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Turkmen" title="Iraqi Turkmen">Iraqi Turkmen/Turkoman</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Turkmen" title="Israeli Turkmen">Israeli Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Kosovo" title="Turks in Kosovo">Kosovan Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Turkmen" title="Lebanese Turkmen">Lebanese Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Libya" title="Turks in Libya">Libyan Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_North_Macedonia" title="Turks in North Macedonia">Macedonian Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meskhetian_Turks" title="Meskhetian Turks">Meskhetian (Ahiska) Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Montenegro" title="Turks in Montenegro">Montenegrin Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Palestine" title="Turks in Palestine">Palestinian Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_of_Romania" title="Turks of Romania">Romanian Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Serbia" title="Turks in Serbia">Serbian Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_Turkmen" title="Syrian Turkmen">Syrian Turkmen/Turkoman</a><sup>1</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_in_Tunisia" title="Turks in Tunisia">Tunisian Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_of_Western_Thrace" title="Turks of Western Thrace">Western Thracian Turks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Turkic peoples <br /> in Uzbekistan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Uzbeks" title="Uzbeks">Uzbeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karakalpaks" title="Karakalpaks">Karakalpaks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Turkic minorities <br /> in China</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%84ynu_people" title="Äynu people">Äynu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Tatars" title="Chinese Tatars">Chinese Tatars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakhs_in_China" title="Kazakhs in China">Chinese Kazakhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_in_China" title="Kyrgyz in China">Chinese Kyrgyz</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Akto_Turkmen" title="Akto Turkmen">Akto Turkmen</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbeks_in_China" title="Uzbeks in China">Chinese Uzbeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuyu_Kyrgyz_people" title="Fuyu Kyrgyz people">Fuyu Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ili_Turk_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Ili Turk people">Ili Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salar_people" title="Salar people">Salar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghurs" title="Uyghurs">Uyghurs</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Tor_Uyghurs" class="mw-redirect" title="Tor Uyghurs">Tor Uyghurs</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugurs" title="Yugurs">Yugurs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Turkic minorities <br /> in Crimea</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Karaites" title="Crimean Karaites">Crimean Karaites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatars" title="Crimean Tatars">Crimean Tatars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krymchaks" title="Krymchaks">Krymchaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urums" title="Urums">Urums</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Turkic minorities <br /> in Iran</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Azerbaijanis" title="Iranian Azerbaijanis">Iranian Azerbaijanis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afshar_people" title="Afshar people">Afshar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaharmahali_Turks" title="Chaharmahali Turks">Chaharmahali Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalaj_people" title="Khalaj people">Khalajs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khorasani_Turks" title="Khorasani Turks">Khorasani Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qarai_Turks" class="mw-redirect" title="Qarai Turks">Qarai Turks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qashqai_people" title="Qashqai people">Qashqai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Turkmens" title="Iranian Turkmens">Iranian Turkmens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_Kazakhs" title="Iranian Kazakhs">Iranian Kazakhs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Turkic minorities in <br /> Russia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altai_people" title="Altai people">Altaians</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Chelkans" title="Chelkans">Chelkans</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Telengits" title="Telengits">Telengits</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Tubalars" title="Tubalars">Tubalars</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balkars" title="Balkars">Balkars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bashkirs" title="Bashkirs">Bashkirs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Besermyan" title="Besermyan">Besermyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chulyms" title="Chulyms">Chulyms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuvash_people" title="Chuvash people">Chuvash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolgans" title="Dolgans">Dolgans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karachays" title="Karachays">Karachays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khakas" title="Khakas">Khakas</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Koibal_people" title="Koibal people">Koibal</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumandins" title="Kumandins">Kumandins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumyks" title="Kumyks">Kumyks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nogais" title="Nogais">Nogais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shors" title="Shors">Shors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyot" title="Soyot">Soyots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatars" title="Tatars">Tatars</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Astrakhan_Tatars" title="Astrakhan Tatars">Astrakhan Tatars</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Kryashens" title="Kryashens">Kryashens</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Mishar_Tatars" title="Mishar Tatars">Mishar Tatars</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Na%C4%9Fayb%C3%A4k" title="Nağaybäk">Nağaybäk</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Volga_Tatars" title="Volga Tatars">Volga Tatars</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Siberian_Tatars" title="Siberian Tatars">Siberian Tatars</a></small> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Siberian_Bukharans" title="Siberian Bukharans">Siberian Bukharans</a></small></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teleuts" title="Teleuts">Teleuts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tofalar" title="Tofalar">Tofalars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvans" title="Tuvans">Tuvans</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Tozhu_Tuvans" title="Tozhu Tuvans">Tozhu Tuvans</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakuts" title="Yakuts">Yakuts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Turkic minorities in <br /> Mongolia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Khotons" title="Khotons">Khotons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongolian_Kazakhs" class="mw-redirect" title="Mongolian Kazakhs">Mongolian Kazakhs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dukha_people" title="Dukha people">Dukha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Turkic_people_in_Afghanistan" title="Turkic people in Afghanistan">Turkic minorities in <br /> Afghanistan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afghan_Turkmens" title="Afghan Turkmens">Afghan Turkmens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afshar_people" title="Afshar people">Afshar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aimaq_people" title="Aimaq people">Aimaqs</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Timuri" title="Timuri">Timuri</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ansarlu" title="Ansarlu">Ansarlu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karategin_Uzbeks" title="Karategin Uzbeks">Karategin Uzbeks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_in_Afghanistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyrgyz in Afghanistan">Afghan Kyrgyz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Turkic minorities in <br /> Europe <br /> <small>(exc. Russia)</small></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Karaites" title="Crimean Karaites">Crimean Karaites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatars_in_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Crimean Tatars in Bulgaria">Bulgarian Crimean Tatars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Tatars" title="Finnish Tatars">Finnish Tatars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gagauz_people" title="Gagauz people">Gagauz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipka_Tatars" title="Lipka Tatars">Lipka Tatars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatars_of_Romania" title="Tatars of Romania">Tatars of Romania</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;">Extinct Turkic groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alat_tribe" title="Alat tribe">Alat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Az_people" title="Az people">Az</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basmyl" title="Basmyl">Basmyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barsils" title="Barsils">Barsils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berendei" title="Berendei">Berendei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulaqs" title="Bulaqs">Bulaqs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgars" title="Bulgars">Bulgars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chigils" title="Chigils">Chigils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Klobuks" title="Black Klobuks">Black Klobuks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumans" title="Cumans">Cumans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dingling" title="Dingling">Dingling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duolu" title="Duolu">Duolu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dughlats" title="Dughlats">Dughlats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esegel" title="Esegel">Esegel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6kt%C3%BCrks" title="Göktürks">Göktürks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangly" title="Kangly">Kangly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karluks" title="Karluks">Karluks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keraites" title="Keraites">Keraites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khazars" title="Khazars">Khazars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemek" title="Yemek">Kimek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kipchaks" title="Kipchaks">Kipchaks</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Sir-K%C4%B1vchak" title="Sir-Kıvchak">Sir-Kıvchak</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurykans" title="Kurykans">Kurykans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kutrigurs" title="Kutrigurs">Kutrigurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merkit" title="Merkit">Merkit</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Naimans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nushibi" title="Nushibi">Nushibi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oghuz_Turks" title="Oghuz Turks">Oghuz Turks</a> <ul><li><small><a href="/wiki/Turkoman_(ethnonym)" title="Turkoman (ethnonym)">Turkomans</a></small></li> <li><small><a href="/wiki/Pechenegs" title="Pechenegs">Pechenegs</a></small></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onogurs" title="Onogurs">Onogurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabir_people" title="Sabir people">Sabirs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saragurs" title="Saragurs">Saragurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shatuo" title="Shatuo">Shatuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiele_people" title="Tiele people">Tiele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BCrgesh" title="Türgesh">Türgesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuhsi" title="Tuhsi">Tuhsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tork_people" title="Tork people">Torks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toquz_Oghuz" title="Toquz Oghuz">Toquz Oghuz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uriankhai" title="Uriankhai">Uriankhai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utigurs" title="Utigurs">Utigurs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xueyantuo" title="Xueyantuo">Xueyantuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yenisei_Kyrgyz" title="Yenisei Kyrgyz">Yenisei Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yueban" title="Yueban">Yueban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yagma" title="Yagma">Yagma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yabaku" title="Yabaku">Yabaku</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abdal_people_(West_Asia)" title="Abdal people (West Asia)">Abdals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazaras" title="Hazaras">Hazaras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_people" title="Mughal people">Mughals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Diasporas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_diaspora" title="Azerbaijani diaspora">Azerbaijani diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Tatar_diaspora" title="Crimean Tatar diaspora">Crimean Tatar diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_diaspora" title="Turkish diaspora">Turkish diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Cypriot_diaspora" title="Turkish Cypriot diaspora">Turkish Cypriot diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_diaspora" title="Kazakh diaspora">Kazakh diaspora</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: left;"><div><sup>1</sup> Central Asian (i.e. <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmeni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Afghanistan" title="Afghanistan">Afghani</a> and <a href="/wiki/Iran" title="Iran">Iranian</a>) <a href="/wiki/Turkmens" title="Turkmens">Turkmens</a>, distinct from Levantine (i.e. <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraqi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syrian</a>) Turkmen/Turkoman minorities, who mostly adhere to an Ottoman-Turkish heritage and identity. <sup>2</sup> In traditional areas of Turkish settlement (i.e. former <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman</a> territories).</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Turco-Mongol" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Turco-Mongol" title="Template:Turco-Mongol"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Turco-Mongol" title="Template talk:Turco-Mongol"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Turco-Mongol" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Turco-Mongol"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Turco-Mongol" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Turco-Mongol_tradition" title="Turco-Mongol tradition">Turco-Mongol</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tatar_confederation" title="Tatar confederation">Tatar confederation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Horde" title="Golden Horde">Golden Horde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzbek_Khanate" title="Uzbek Khanate">Uzbek Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazakh_Khanate" title="Kazakh Khanate">Kazakh Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nogai_Horde" title="Nogai Horde">Nogai Horde</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Budjak_Horde" title="Budjak Horde">Budjak Horde</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chagatai_Khanate" title="Chagatai Khanate">Chagatai Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timurid_Empire" title="Timurid Empire">Timurid Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_Empire" title="Mughal Empire">Mughal Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Khanate" title="Crimean Khanate">Crimean Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrakhan_Khanate" title="Astrakhan Khanate">Astrakhan Khanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khanate_of_Kazan" title="Khanate of Kazan">Kazan Khanate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related ethnic groups and clans</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pannonian_Avars" title="Pannonian Avars">Avars</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keraites" title="Keraites">Keraites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barlas" title="Barlas">Barlas</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Naimans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merkit" title="Merkit">Merkit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ongud" title="Ongud">Ongud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mughal_people" title="Mughal people">Mughal people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aimaq_people" title="Aimaq people">Aimaq people</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazaras" title="Hazaras">Hazaras</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kurultai" title="Kurultai">Kurultai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumis" title="Kumis">Kumis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengrism" title="Tengrism">Tengrism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tengri" title="Tengri">Tengri</a>, <a href="/wiki/Epic_of_Ergenekon" title="Epic of Ergenekon">Ergenekon</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C3%9Clgen" title="Ülgen">Ülgen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erlik" title="Erlik">Erlik</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deel_(clothing)" title="Deel (clothing)"><i>Deel</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tug_(banner)" title="Tug (banner)">Tug banner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><sup>*</sup>Origin is controversial.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Hazara_tribes" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hazara_tribes" title="Template:Hazara tribes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hazara_tribes" title="Template talk:Hazara tribes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hazara_tribes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hazara tribes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Hazara_tribes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Hazara_tribes" title="List of Hazara tribes">Hazara tribes</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aimaq_Hazara" title="Aimaq Hazara">Aimaq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Attarwala" title="Attarwala">Attarwala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bache_Ghulam_(Hazara_tribe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bache Ghulam (Hazara tribe)">Bache Ghulam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Behsud_(Hazara_tribe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Behsud (Hazara tribe)">Behsud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dahla_(Hazara_tribe)" title="Dahla (Hazara tribe)">Dahla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dai_Chopan_(Hazara_tribe)" title="Dai Chopan (Hazara tribe)">Dai Chopan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dai_Khitai_(Hazara_tribe)" title="Dai Khitai (Hazara tribe)">Dai Khitai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dai_Mirdad_(Hazara_tribe)" title="Dai Mirdad (Hazara tribe)">Dai Mirdad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daikundi_(Hazara_tribe)" title="Daikundi (Hazara tribe)">Daikundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daizangi_(Hazara_tribe)" title="Daizangi (Hazara tribe)">Daizangi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daizinyat" title="Daizinyat">Daizinyat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaghatu_(Hazara_tribe)" title="Jaghatu (Hazara tribe)">Jaghatu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaghori_(Hazara_tribe)" title="Jaghori (Hazara tribe)">Jaghori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maska_(Hazara_tribe)" title="Maska (Hazara tribe)">Maska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_Khwaja" title="Muhammad Khwaja">Muhammad Khwaja</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Naiman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nekpai_(Hazara_tribe)" title="Nekpai (Hazara tribe)">Nekpai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashi_(Hazara_tribe)" title="Pashi (Hazara tribe)">Pashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poladha_(Hazara_tribe)" title="Poladha (Hazara tribe)">Poladi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qalandar_(Hazara_tribe)" title="Qalandar (Hazara tribe)">Qalandar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qara_Baghi_(Hazara_tribe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Qara Baghi (Hazara tribe)">Qara Baghi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karluks" title="Karluks">Qarlugh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qataghan_(Hazara_tribe)" class="mw-redirect" title="Qataghan (Hazara tribe)">Qataghan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Ali_(Hazara_tribe)" title="Sheikh Ali (Hazara tribe)">Sheikh Ali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatar_(Hazara_tribe)" title="Tatar (Hazara tribe)">Tatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkmun_(Hazara_tribe)" title="Turkmun (Hazara tribe)">Turkmun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uruzgani_(Hazara_tribe)" title="Uruzgani (Hazara tribe)">Uruzgani</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ethnic_groups_in_China" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_China" title="Template:Ethnic groups in China"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ethnic_groups_in_China" title="Template talk:Ethnic groups in China"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic_groups_in_China" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic groups in China"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ethnic_groups_in_China" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ethnic_groups_in_China" title="List of ethnic groups in China">Ethnic groups in China</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><u>Underlined</u>: the 56 <a href="/wiki/List_of_ethnic_groups_in_China#Ethnic_groups_recognized_by_the_People's_Republic_of_China" title="List of ethnic groups in China">recognized ethnic groups</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sino-Tibetan_languages" title="Sino-Tibetan languages">Sino-Tibetan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sinitic_languages" title="Sinitic languages">Sinitic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><u><a href="/wiki/Bai_people" title="Bai people">Bai</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caijia_language" title="Caijia language">Caijia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuanqing_people" title="Chuanqing people">Chuanqing</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese" title="Han Chinese">Han Chinese</a></u> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Han_Chinese_subgroups" title="Han Chinese subgroups">subgroups</a></li></ul></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Hui_people" title="Hui people">Hui</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longjia_people" title="Longjia people">Longjia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waxiang_people" title="Waxiang people">Waxiang</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lolo-Burmese_languages" title="Lolo-Burmese languages">Lolo-Burmese</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><u><a href="/wiki/Achang_people" title="Achang people">Achang</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akha_people" title="Akha people">Akha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bisu_language" title="Bisu language">Bisu</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Hani_people" title="Hani people">Hani</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Jino_people" title="Jino people">Jino</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kucong" title="Kucong">Kucong</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Lahu_people" title="Lahu people">Lahu</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laomian_language" title="Laomian language">Laomian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laopin_language" title="Laopin language">Laopin</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Lisu_people" title="Lisu people">Lisu</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosuo" title="Mosuo">Mosuo</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Nakhi_people" title="Nakhi people">Nakhi</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Nu_people" title="Nu people">Nu</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qixingmin_people" title="Qixingmin people">Qixingmin</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Yi_people" title="Yi people">Yi</a></u></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Qiangic_languages" title="Qiangic languages">Qiangic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baima_people" title="Baima people">Baima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gyalrong_people" title="Gyalrong people">Gyalrong</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Pumi_people" title="Pumi people">Pumi</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Qiang_people" title="Qiang people">Qiang</a></u></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_people" title="Tibetan people">Tibetic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><u><a href="/wiki/Monpa_people" title="Monpa people">Monpa</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherpa_people" title="Sherpa people">Sherpa</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_people" title="Tibetan people">Tibetan</a></u></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mishmi_people" title="Mishmi people">Deng</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Derung_people" title="Derung people">Derung</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Jingpo_people" title="Jingpo people">Jingpo</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Lhoba_people" title="Lhoba people">Lhoba</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Tujia_people" title="Tujia people">Tujia</a></u></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Austroasiatic_languages" title="Austroasiatic languages">Austroasiatic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><u><a href="/wiki/Blang_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Blang people">Blang</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolyu" title="Bolyu">Bolyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hu_language" title="Hu language">Kunge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmu_people" title="Khmu people">Khmu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolyu_language" title="Bolyu language">Lai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mang_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Mang people">Mang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bugan_language" title="Bugan language">Pakan</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Palaung_people" title="Palaung people">Ta'ang</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Gin_people" title="Gin people">Vietnamese</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Wa_people" title="Wa people">Wa</a></u></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Austronesian_languages" title="Austronesian languages">Austronesian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Filipinos_in_China" title="Filipinos in China">Filipino</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_aborigines" class="mw-redirect" title="Taiwanese aborigines">Gaoshan</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utsuls" title="Utsuls">Utsuls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hmong%E2%80%93Mien_languages" title="Hmong–Mien languages">Hmong-Mien</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gejia_people" title="Gejia people">Gejia</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Miao_people" title="Miao people">Miao</a></u> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hmong_people" title="Hmong people">Hmong</a></li></ul></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/She_people" title="She people">She</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Yao_people" title="Yao people">Yao</a></u></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mongolic_languages" title="Mongolic languages">Mongolic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><u><a href="/wiki/Bonan_people" title="Bonan people">Bonan</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Daur_people" title="Daur people">Daur</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Dongxiangs" class="mw-redirect" title="Dongxiangs">Dongxiang</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamnigan" title="Hamnigan">Hamnigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kangjia_language" title="Kangjia language">Kangjia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khatso" title="Khatso">Khatso</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Mongols_in_China" title="Mongols in China">Mongols</a></u> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abaga_Mongols" title="Abaga Mongols">Abaga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abaganar" title="Abaganar">Abaganar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aohans" title="Aohans">Aohans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baarins" title="Baarins">Baarins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buryats" title="Buryats">Buryats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chahars" title="Chahars">Chahars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gorlos_Mongols" title="Gorlos Mongols">Gorlos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jalaids" class="mw-redirect" title="Jalaids">Jalaids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaruud" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaruud">Jaruud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khalkha_Mongols" title="Khalkha Mongols">Khalkha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kharchin_Mongols" title="Kharchin Mongols">Kharchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khishigten" title="Khishigten">Khishigten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khorchin_Mongols" title="Khorchin Mongols">Khorchin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khuuchid" class="mw-redirect" title="Khuuchid">Khuuchid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muumyangan" class="mw-redirect" title="Muumyangan">Muumyangan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Naimans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oirats" title="Oirats">Oirats</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dzungar_people" title="Dzungar people">Dzungar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khoid" title="Khoid">Khoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khoshut" title="Khoshut">Khoshut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olot_people" title="Olot people">Olot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Torghut" title="Torghut">Torghut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Mongols" title="Upper Mongols">Upper Mongols</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onnigud" class="mw-redirect" title="Onnigud">Onnigud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordos_Mongols" title="Ordos Mongols">Ordos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sichuan_Mongols" title="Sichuan Mongols">Sichuan Mongols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunud" class="mw-redirect" title="Sunud">Sunud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urad_Mongols" title="Urad Mongols">Urad</a></li></ul></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Monguor_people" title="Monguor people">Monguor</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sogwo_Arig" title="Sogwo Arig">Sogwo Arig</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Yugur" class="mw-redirect" title="Yugur">Yugur</a></u> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Yugur_language" title="Eastern Yugur language">Eastern</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kra%E2%80%93Dai_languages" title="Kra–Dai languages">Kra–Dai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><u><a href="/wiki/Bouyei_people" title="Bouyei people">Bouyei</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buyang_people" title="Buyang people">Buyang</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Dai_people" title="Dai people">Dai</a></u> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Lue_people" title="Tai Lue people">Tai Lue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tai_Nua_people" title="Tai Nua people">Tai Nua</a></li></ul></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Kam_people" title="Kam people">Dong</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Gelao_people" title="Gelao people">Gelao</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Hlai_people" title="Hlai people">Li</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Maonan_people" title="Maonan people">Maonan</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%B9ng_people" title="Nùng people">Nùng</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Mulao_people" title="Mulao people">Mulao</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qabiao_people" title="Qabiao people">Qabiao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rau_peoples" title="Rau peoples">Rau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shan_people" title="Shan people">Shan</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Sui_people" title="Sui people">Sui</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yang_people" title="Yang people">Yang</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Zhuang_people" title="Zhuang people">Zhuang</a></u></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tungusic_peoples" title="Tungusic peoples">Tungusic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><u><a href="/wiki/Evenks" class="mw-redirect" title="Evenks">Evenks</a></u> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Solon_people" title="Solon people">Solon</a></li></ul></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Manchu_people" title="Manchu people">Manchus</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Nanai_people" title="Nanai people">Nanai</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Oroqen_people" title="Oroqen people">Oroqen</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Sibe_people" title="Sibe people">Sibes</a></u></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Turkic_peoples" title="Turkic peoples">Turkic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altai_people" title="Altai people">Altaians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%84ynu_people" title="Äynu people">Äynu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dolan_people" title="Dolan people">Dolan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuyu_Kyrgyz_people" title="Fuyu Kyrgyz people">Fuyu Kyrgyz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ili_Turk_People" class="mw-redirect" title="Ili Turk People">Ili Turks</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Kazakhs_in_China" title="Kazakhs in China">Kazakh</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Kyrgyz_in_China" title="Kyrgyz in China">Kyrgyz</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Salar_people" title="Salar people">Salar</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Tatars" title="Chinese Tatars">Tatar</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuvans" title="Tuvans">Tuvans</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Uyghurs" title="Uyghurs">Uyghurs</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Uzbeks_in_China" title="Uzbeks in China">Uzbeks</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Yugur" class="mw-redirect" title="Yugur">Yugur</a></u> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Western_Yugur_language" title="Western Yugur language">Western</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Indo-European_languages" title="Indo-European languages">Indo-European</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenians_in_China" title="Armenians in China">Armenians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranians_in_China" title="Iranians in China">Iranians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepalis_in_China" title="Nepalis in China">Nepalis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daman_people" title="Daman people">Daman</a></li></ul></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Russians_in_China" title="Russians in China">Russians</a></u></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Tajiks_of_Xinjiang" title="Tajiks of Xinjiang">Tajiks (Pamiris)</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wakhi_people" title="Wakhi people">Wakhis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Chinese" title="African Chinese">African Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indians_in_China" title="Indians in China">Indians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_in_China" class="mw-redirect" title="Japanese in China">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_China" title="History of the Jews in China">Jews</a> <ul><li><a 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