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[n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussió per aquest IP</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contingut" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contingut</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inici</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Orígens" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Orígens"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Orígens</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Orígens-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Paper_dins_la_societat_romana_republicana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Paper_dins_la_societat_romana_republicana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Paper dins la societat romana republicana</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Paper_dins_la_societat_romana_republicana-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Paper dins la societat romana republicana</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Paper_dins_la_societat_romana_republicana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cavalleria" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cavalleria"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Cavalleria</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cavalleria-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Època_imperial" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Època_imperial"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Època imperial</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Època_imperial-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referències" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referències"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Referències</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referències-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contingut" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Taula de continguts" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cavaller romà</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 35 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-35" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">35 llengües</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D9%83%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B3" title="إكوايتس - àrab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إكوايتس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="àrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA_(%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC)" title="Конник (Древен Рим) - búlgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Конник (Древен Рим)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc%27heg_(Henroma)" title="Marc'heg (Henroma) - bretó" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Marc'heg (Henroma)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equites" title="Equites - bosnià" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Equites" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equites" title="Equites - txec" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Equites" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equites" title="Equites - danès" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Equites" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eques" title="Eques - alemany" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Eques" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%99%CF%80%CF%80%CE%B5%CE%AF%CF%82_(%CF%81%CF%89%CE%BC%CE%B1%CF%8A%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BE%CE%B7)" title="Ιππείς (ρωμαϊκή τάξη) - grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ιππείς (ρωμαϊκή τάξη)" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equites" title="Equites - anglès" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Equites" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89quites" title="Équites - espanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Équites" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekiteak" title="Ekiteak - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ekiteak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86" title="سوارکاران - persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سوارکاران" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equites" title="Equites - finès" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Equites" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chevalier_romain" title="Chevalier romain - francès" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Chevalier romain" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89quites" title="Équites - gallec" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Équites" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="gallec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%9E%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%A9%D7%99%D7%9D" title="מעמד הפרשים - hebreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מעמד הפרשים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equites" title="Equites - croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Equites" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lovagi_rend_az_%C3%B3kori_R%C3%B3m%C3%A1ban" title="Lovagi rend az ókori Rómában - hongarès" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Lovagi rend az ókori Rómában" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongarès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%A5%D5%AE%D5%B5%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%B6%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Հեծյալներ - armeni" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հեծյալներ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordine_equestre" title="Ordine equestre - italià" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ordine equestre" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%82%AF%E3%82%A3%E3%83%86%E3%82%B9" title="エクィテス - japonès" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エクィテス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%90%ED%80%B4%ED%85%8C%EC%8A%A4" title="에퀴테스 - coreà" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="에퀴테스" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eques_Romanus" title="Eques Romanus - llatí" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Eques Romanus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="llatí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equites" title="Equites - neerlandès" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Equites" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ridder_(romersk)" title="Ridder (romersk) - noruec bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ridder (romersk)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruec bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekwici" title="Ekwici - polonès" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ekwici" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordem_equestre" title="Ordem equestre - portuguès" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ordem equestre" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portuguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eques" title="Eques - romanès" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Eques" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Эквиты - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Эквиты" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equites" title="Equites - serbocroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Equites" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BA%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Еквити - serbi" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Еквити" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equites" title="Equites - suec" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Equites" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equites" title="Equites - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Equites" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%8C%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC%D1%83" title="Вершники Стародавнього Риму - ucraïnès" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Вершники Стародавнього Риму" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraïnès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BE%85%E9%A6%AC%E9%A8%8E%E5%A3%AB%E9%9A%8E%E7%B4%9A" title="羅馬騎士階級 - xinès" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="羅馬騎士階級" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="xinès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q122166#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica enllaços interlingües" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica els enllaços</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espais de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Cavaller_rom%C3%A0" title="Vegeu el contingut de la pàgina [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Pàgina</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussi%C3%B3:Cavaller_rom%C3%A0" rel="discussion" title="Discussió sobre el contingut d'aquesta pàgina [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussió</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Canvia la variant de llengua" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">català</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Vistes"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Cavaller_rom%C3%A0"><span>Mostra</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cavaller_rom%C3%A0&action=edit" title="Modifica el codi font d'aquesta pàgina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cavaller_rom%C3%A0&action=history" title="Versions antigues d'aquesta pàgina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Mostra l'historial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Eines de la pàgina"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Eines" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" 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class="mw-redirect" title="Equites">Equites</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ca" dir="ltr"><table style="margin-left:1em; border:1px solid #000000; background-color:#indianred; padding:2px; float:right; clear:right; font-size:85%;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="4" rowspan="1" style="text-align: center; background-color: #indianred;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Rmn-military-header.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Rmn-military-header.svg/194px-Rmn-military-header.svg.png" decoding="async" width="194" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Rmn-military-header.svg/291px-Rmn-military-header.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Rmn-military-header.svg/388px-Rmn-military-header.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="194" data-file-height="60" /></a></span> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="" style="width: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Antiga_Roma" title="Antiga Roma">Antiga Roma</a>: <br /><b><a href="/wiki/Regne_rom%C3%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="Regne romà">Regne romà</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <b><a href="/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Romana" title="República Romana">República Romana</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <b><a href="/wiki/Imperi_Rom%C3%A0" title="Imperi Romà">Imperi</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <br /><b><a href="/wiki/August#La_instauració_del_Principat" title="August">Principat</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <b><a href="/wiki/Dominat_(Roma)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dominat (Roma)">Dominat</a></b> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <b><a href="/wiki/Imperi_Rom%C3%A0_d%27Occident" title="Imperi Romà d'Occident">Imperi d'Occident</a></b> <br /> <b><a href="/wiki/Imperi_Rom%C3%A0_d%27Orient" title="Imperi Romà d'Orient">Imperi d'Orient</a></b> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding: 0 5px; border-style: solid; border-color: #ccf; text-align: center;"><b>Organització social</b>: </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="" style="width: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dret_rom%C3%A0" title="Dret romà">Dret romà</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Assemblea_romana" title="Assemblea romana">Assemblees romanes</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Senat_rom%C3%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="Senat romà">Senat romà</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Tribus_romanes" title="Tribus romanes">Tribus romanes</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Gens_(fam%C3%ADlia)" title="Gens (família)"><i>Gens</i></a> <br /> <i><a href="/wiki/Cursus_honorum" title="Cursus honorum">Cursus honorum</a></i> <br /> </td> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Ciutadania_romana" title="Ciutadania romana">Ciutadania romana</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Patrici_(classe_romana)" title="Patrici (classe romana)">Patricis</a> <br /> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Equites</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Plebs" title="Plebs">Plebeus</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Esclavitud" title="Esclavitud">Esclavitud</a> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding: 0 5px; border-style: solid; border-color: #ccf; text-align: center;"><b>Magistratures ordinàries</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="" style="width: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/C%C3%B2nsol_rom%C3%A0" title="Cònsol romà">Cònsol</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Pretor" title="Pretor">Pretor</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Trib%C3%BA_de_la_plebs" title="Tribú de la plebs">Tribú de la plebs</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Censor_rom%C3%A0" title="Censor romà">Censor</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Pont%C3%ADfex_m%C3%A0xim" title="Pontífex màxim"><i>Pontifex Maximus</i></a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Q%C3%BCestor" title="Qüestor">Qüestor</a> </p> </td> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Prefecte_de_la_ciutat" title="Prefecte de la ciutat">Prefecte de la ciutat</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Edil_rom%C3%A0" title="Edil romà">Edil</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Prefecte_rom%C3%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="Prefecte romà">Prefecte</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Proc%C3%B2nsol" title="Procònsol">Procònsol</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Propretor" title="Propretor">Propretor</a> <br /> <i><a href="/wiki/Interrex" title="Interrex">Interrex</a></i> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding: 0 5px; border-style: solid; border-color: #ccf; text-align: center;"><b>Magistratures extraordinàries</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="" style="width: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Dictador_rom%C3%A0" title="Dictador romà">Dictador</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Mestre_de_la_cavalleria" title="Mestre de la cavalleria">Mestre de la cavalleria</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Trib%C3%BA_consular" class="mw-redirect" title="Tribú consular">Tribú consular</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Legat_(Antiga_Roma)" class="mw-redirect" title="Legat (Antiga Roma)">Legat</a> </p> </td> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Triumvir" title="Triumvir">Triumvir</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Decemvir" title="Decemvir">Decemvir</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Vigintisexviri" title="Vigintisexviri">Vigintisexvir</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Interrex" title="Interrex">Interrex</a> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="padding: 0 5px; border-style: solid; border-color: #ccf; text-align: center;"><b>Càrrecs i honors</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: center;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" class="" style="width: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Emperador_rom%C3%A0" title="Emperador romà">Emperador romà</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Rei_de_Roma" class="mw-redirect" title="Rei de Roma">Rei de Roma</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/August_(t%C3%ADtol)" title="August (títol)">August</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A8sar_(t%C3%ADtol)" title="Cèsar (títol)">Cèsar</a> <br /> <i><a href="/wiki/Imperator" title="Imperator">Imperator</a></i> <br /> <i><a href="/wiki/Princeps_senatus" class="mw-redirect" title="Princeps senatus">Princeps senatus</a></i> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Tetrarquia" title="Tetrarquia">Tetrarquia</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Tetrarca" title="Tetrarca">Tetrarca</a> </p> </td> <td> <p><i><a href="/wiki/Magister_officiorum" class="mw-redirect" title="Magister officiorum">Magister officiorum</a></i> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Mestre_dels_soldats" title="Mestre dels soldats">Mestre dels soldats</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Governador_rom%C3%A0" title="Governador romà">Governador</a> <br /> <i><a href="/wiki/Dux" class="mw-redirect" title="Dux">Dux</a></i> <br /> <i><a href="/wiki/Lictor" title="Lictor">Lictor</a></i> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Vicari_(antiga_Roma)" title="Vicari (antiga Roma)">Vicari</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Trib%C3%BA_militar" title="Tribú militar">Tribú militar</a> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Els <b>cavallers romans</b>, també anomenats <b>equites</b> o <b>classe eqüestre</b>, foren una classe social dominant de l'<a href="/wiki/Antiga_Roma" title="Antiga Roma">antiga Roma</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> per darrere dels <a href="/wiki/Senador_rom%C3%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="Senador romà">senadors</a>. El nom prové del fet que inicialment eren els soldats que es podien pagar un <a href="/wiki/Cavall" title="Cavall">cavall</a> (<i>equs</i>) i servir com a tals a l'<a href="/wiki/Ex%C3%A8rcit_rom%C3%A0" title="Exèrcit romà">exèrcit</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>També eren ciutadans lliures i privilegiats que es dedicaven al comerç i a l'administració de l'economia. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Orígens"><span id="Or.C3.ADgens"></span>Orígens</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cavaller_rom%C3%A0&action=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la secció: Orígens"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La tradició romana relata que l'Ordre dels Cavallers va ser fundada per <a href="/wiki/R%C3%B2mul_i_Rem" title="Ròmul i Rem">Ròmul</a>, que suposadament va establir un regiment de cavalleria de 300 homes anomenat <i><a href="/wiki/Celeres" class="mw-redirect" title="Celeres">Celeres</a></i> per actuar com la seva escorta personal, amb cadascuna de les tres "tribus" romanes: <a href="/wiki/Tribus_romanes#Les_tribus_originals" title="Tribus romanes">Ramnes, Títies i Luceres</a>, subministrant 100 cavalls. Aquest regiment de cavalleria suposadament va ser doblat de mida a 600 homes pel rei <a href="/wiki/Tarquini_Prisc" title="Tarquini Prisc">Luci Tarquini Prisc</a> (dates tradicionals 616–578 aC), Probablement no eren tant una guàrdia com un grup social origen dels equites, si bé en aquell moment tots els cavallers eren encara <a href="/wiki/Patricis" class="mw-redirect" title="Patricis">patricis</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Es considera que el seu nom derivava del seu cap, Celer, qui hauria matat a Rem. Estaven dirigits per un <a href="/wiki/Trib%C3%BA_celer" title="Tribú celer">tribú celer</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Theodor_Mommsen" title="Theodor Mommsen">Theodor Mommsen</a> argumenta que la cavalleria reial es va extreure exclusivament de les files dels patricis (<i><a href="/wiki/Patrici_(classe_romana)" title="Patrici (classe romana)">patricii</a></i>), l'aristocràcia de Roma primitiva, que era hereditària.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A part de l'associació tradicional de l'aristocràcia amb l'<a href="/wiki/Equitaci%C3%B3" title="Equitació">equitació</a>, l'evidència d'aquesta visió és el fet que, durant la república, sis <i><a href="/wiki/Centuriaci%C3%B3_romana" title="Centuriació romana">centuriae</a></i> (circunscripcions electorals) d'equites a la <i><a href="/wiki/Comicis_romans" title="Comicis romans">comitia centuriata</a></i> (assemblea electoral) van conservar els noms de les sis cavalleries reials originals. centuriae.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aquests són molt probablement els "centuriae dels nobles patricis" als comicia esmentats pel lexicòleg <a href="/wiki/Sext_Pompeu_Fest" title="Sext Pompeu Fest">Sext Pompeu Fest</a>. Si aquesta visió és correcta, implica que la cavalleria era exclusivament patricia en el període regi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Paper_dins_la_societat_romana_republicana">Paper dins la societat romana republicana</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cavaller_rom%C3%A0&action=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la secció: Paper dins la societat romana republicana"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Inicialment militars, amb el temps el seu nombre es va incrementar i van esdevenir una classe econòmicament poderosa. Els descendents d'aquests, molts d'ells militars, formaven part també de la classe dels cavallers. A aquesta categoria podien aspirar les classes acomodades de les ciutats provincials. </p><p>La <i>comitia centuriata</i> era l'assemblea popular més poderosa, ja que promulgava les lleis romanes i elegia anualment els magistrats romans, els oficials executius de l'estat: <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B2nsol_rom%C3%A0" title="Cònsol romà">cònsols</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pretor" title="Pretor">pretors</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edil_rom%C3%A0" title="Edil romà">edils</a> i <a href="/wiki/Q%C3%BCestor" title="Qüestor">qüestors</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Els <i>equites</i>, en general, realitzaven un servei previ en l'exèrcit, consistent en: </p> <ul><li>Primer, ser <a href="/wiki/Prefecte" title="Prefecte">Prefecte</a> d'una <a href="/wiki/Cohort_(unitat_militar)" title="Cohort (unitat militar)">Cohort</a>.</li> <li>Segon, ser <a href="/wiki/Trib%C3%BA" title="Tribú">Tribú</a> d'una <a href="/wiki/Legi%C3%B3_romana" title="Legió romana">Legió</a>.</li> <li>Tercer, ser <a href="/wiki/Prefecte" title="Prefecte">Prefecte</a> d'un esquadró (ala) de <a href="/wiki/Cavalleria" title="Cavalleria">cavalleria</a>.</li> <li>Quart, ser el <a href="/wiki/Centuri%C3%B3" title="Centurió">centurió</a> <i>primus pilus</i> (més antic) d'una <a href="/wiki/Legi%C3%B3_romana" title="Legió romana">Legió</a>.</li> <li>Cinquè, ser el <a href="/wiki/Trib%C3%BA_de_cohort" title="Tribú de cohort">Tribú</a> d'una <a href="/wiki/Cohort_(unitat_militar)" title="Cohort (unitat militar)">Cohort</a> pretoriana.</li> <li>Sisè, ser el <a href="/wiki/Centuri%C3%B3" title="Centurió">centurió</a> <i>primus pilus</i> (més antic) d'una <a href="/wiki/Legi%C3%B3_romana" title="Legió romana">Legió</a>, per segona vegada.</li></ul> <p>Econòmicament la classe dels senadors i la classe del cavallers eren iguals ja abans de l'imperi. La diferència era que els primers havien exercit funcions dirigents, que generalment s'exercien dins les mateixes famílies. Els senadors també tenien alguns codis com la impossibilitat de dedicar-se al <a href="/wiki/Comer%C3%A7" title="Comerç">comerç</a>, considerat una ocupació poc digna que els cavallers no havien de respectar i de fet no ho feien. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cavalleria">Cavalleria</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cavaller_rom%C3%A0&action=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la secció: Cavalleria"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r30997230">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Article principal: <a href="/wiki/Cavalleria_romana" title="Cavalleria romana">Cavalleria romana</a></div> <p>Els equites estaven subjectes al servei de cavalleria a la <a href="/wiki/Legi%C3%B3_romana" title="Legió romana">legió</a> de la <a href="/wiki/Rep%C3%BAblica_Romana" title="República Romana">República</a>. Originàriament proporcionaven tot el contingent de cavalleria d'una legió,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> encara que des d'una primera etapa a partir del 400 aC i no més tard del 300 aC), quan el nombre d'equitació s'havia tornat insuficient, un gran nombre de joves de la primera classe de <a href="/wiki/Plebs" title="Plebs">plebeus</a> eren regularment voluntari per al servei, que es considerava més glamurós que la infanteria.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> El paper de cavalleria dels <i>equites</i> va disminuir després de la <a href="/wiki/Segona_Guerra_P%C3%BAnica" title="Segona Guerra Púnica">Segona Guerra Púnica</a> (218-201 aC), ja que el seu nombre es va tornar insuficient per proporcionar també els oficials superiors de l'exèrcit i els cavallers generals. Els <i>equites</i> es va convertir exclusivament en una classe d'oficials, amb la primera classe de plebeus proporcionant la cavalleria legionària.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Època_imperial"><span id=".C3.88poca_imperial"></span>Època imperial</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cavaller_rom%C3%A0&action=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la secció: Època imperial"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/August" title="August">August</a> va regular les classes: s'esdevenia cavaller quan es posseïen 400,000 sestercis; però a un senador li calia un milió; havia d'estar registrats a una centúria senatorial o una d'eqüestre segons el cas, i havia de passar pel <a href="/wiki/Censor_rom%C3%A0" title="Censor romà">censor</a>. Els fills dels senadors van seguir un <i><a href="/wiki/Cursus_honorum" title="Cursus honorum">cursus honorum</a></i> (carrera) separat per a altres <i>equites</i> abans d'entrar al Senat: primer un nomenament com un dels <a href="/wiki/Vigintisexviri" title="Vigintisexviri">vigintiviri</a>: "Comitè de Vint", un organisme que incloïa funcionaris amb una varietat de funcions administratives menors; o com a <a href="/wiki/%C3%80ugur" title="Àugur">augur</a> (sacerdot), seguit d'almenys un any a l'exèrcit com a <i>tribunus militum laticlavius</i> (subcomandant) d'una legió.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aquest càrrec s'ocupava normalment abans que la tribuna esdevingués membre del Senat.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Amb l'imperi els cavallers van esdevenir una burocràcia de <a href="/wiki/Funcionaris" class="mw-redirect" title="Funcionaris">funcionaris</a> que va ocupar la major part dels càrrecs importants abans ocupats pels senadors. A finals del <a href="/wiki/Segle_II" title="Segle II">segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">ii</span></a> i al <a href="/wiki/Segle_III" title="Segle III">segle <span title="Nombre escrit en xifres romanes" style="font-variant:small-caps;">iii</span></a> els cavallers van ocupar els principals càrrecs. </p><p>Progressivament van entrar en els nous càrrecs (com el <i><a href="/wiki/Curadors" title="Curadors">Curator</a></i> o l'<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Advocatus_Fiscii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Advocatus Fiscii (encara no existeix)">Advocatus Fiscii</a></i> creat en temps d'<a href="/wiki/Hadri%C3%A0" title="Hadrià">Hadrià</a>) i en les secretaries de l'<a href="/wiki/Emperador_rom%C3%A0" title="Emperador romà">Emperador</a>, que abans desenvolupaven els <a href="/wiki/Llibert" title="Llibert">lliberts</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referències"><span id="Refer.C3.A8ncies"></span>Referències</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cavaller_rom%C3%A0&action=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la secció: Referències"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enciclopedia.cat/gran-enciclopedia-catalana/cavaller-2">cavaller</a>».  Gran Enciclopèdia Catalana. [Consulta: 1r maig 2022].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal">«<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/eques">eques | ancient Roman history</a>» (en anglès).  britannica.com. [Consulta: 1r maig 2022].</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFKonstan1986"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Konstan</span>, David «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25010848">Narrative and Ideology in Livy: Book I</a>». <i>Classical Antiquity</i>, 5, 2, 1986, pàg. 198–215. <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2307%2F25010848">10.2307/25010848</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN" title="ISSN">ISSN</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0278-6656">0278-6656</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFHerbert2011"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Herbert</span>, -Brown Geraldine «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://journals.co.za/doi/abs/10.10520/EJC27306">Caesar or Augustus? The game of the name in Ovid's Fasti</a>». <i>Acta Classica : Proceedings of the Classical Association of South Africa</i>, 54, 1, 01-01-2011, pàg. 43–77. <a href="/wiki/DOI" title="DOI">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.10520%2FEJC27306">10.10520/EJC27306</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFCornell2012"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Cornell</span>, Tim. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=01g78OVXuQ8C&printsec=frontcover&dq=Cornell+The+Beginnings+of+Rome&hl=ca&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Cornell%20The%20Beginnings%20of%20Rome&f=false"><i>The Beginnings of Rome: Italy and Rome from the Bronze Age to the Punic Wars (c.1000–264 BC)</i></a> (en anglès).  <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>, 2012-12-06, p. 245. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-1-136-75495-1" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-1-136-75495-1">ISBN 978-1-136-75495-1</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Beginnings+of+Rome%3A+Italy+and+Rome+from+the+Bronze+Age+to+the+Punic+Wars+%28c.1000%E2%80%93264+BC%29&rft.aulast=Cornell&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft.date=2012-12-06&rft.pub=%5B%5BRoutledge%5D%5D&rft.pages=245&rft.isbn=978-1-136-75495-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D01g78OVXuQ8C%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26dq%3DCornell%2BThe%2BBeginnings%2Bof%2BRome%26hl%3Dca%26sa%3DX%26redir_esc%3Dy%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DCornell%2520The%2520Beginnings%2520of%2520Rome%26f%3Dfalse"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFJonesSidwell1997"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Jones</span>, Peter V.; <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Sidwell</span>, Keith C. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=YkgTbON-GGUC&pg=PA114&dq=equites+comitia+centuriata&hl=ca&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjV7b7z_r73AhUJ14UKHeMaCI8Q6AF6BAgLEAI#v=onepage&q=equites%20comitia%20centuriata&f=false"><i>The World of Rome: An Introduction to Roman Culture</i></a> (en anglès).  Cambridge University Press, 1997-03-06, p. 114. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-0-521-38600-5" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-0-521-38600-5">ISBN 978-0-521-38600-5</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World+of+Rome%3A+An+Introduction+to+Roman+Culture&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Peter+V.&rft.date=1997-03-06&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.pages=114&rft.isbn=978-0-521-38600-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYkgTbON-GGUC%26pg%3DPA114%26dq%3Dequites%2Bcomitia%2Bcenturiata%26hl%3Dca%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D2ahUKEwjV7b7z_r73AhUJ14UKHeMaCI8Q6AF6BAgLEAI%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dequites%2520comitia%2520centuriata%26f%3Dfalse"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFCornell2012"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Cornell</span>, Tim. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=01g78OVXuQ8C&printsec=frontcover&dq=Cornell+The+Beginnings+of+Rome&hl=ca&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Cornell%20The%20Beginnings%20of%20Rome&f=false"><i>The Beginnings of Rome: Italy and Rome from the Bronze Age to the Punic Wars (c.1000–264 BC)</i></a> (en anglès).  <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>, 2012-12-06, p. 379-80. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-1-136-75495-1" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-1-136-75495-1">ISBN 978-1-136-75495-1</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Beginnings+of+Rome%3A+Italy+and+Rome+from+the+Bronze+Age+to+the+Punic+Wars+%28c.1000%E2%80%93264+BC%29&rft.aulast=Cornell&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft.date=2012-12-06&rft.pub=%5B%5BRoutledge%5D%5D&rft.pages=379-80&rft.isbn=978-1-136-75495-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D01g78OVXuQ8C%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26dq%3DCornell%2BThe%2BBeginnings%2Bof%2BRome%26hl%3Dca%26sa%3DX%26redir_esc%3Dy%23v%3Donepage%26q%3DCornell%2520The%2520Beginnings%2520of%2520Rome%26f%3Dfalse"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFMcCall2005"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">McCall</span>, Jeremiah B. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=0haCAgAAQBAJ&q=Roman+Cavalry+tactics"><i>The Cavalry of the Roman Republic</i></a> (en anglès).  <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>, 2005-06-29. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-1-134-51817-3" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-1-134-51817-3">ISBN 978-1-134-51817-3</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cavalry+of+the+Roman+Republic&rft.aulast=McCall&rft.aufirst=Jeremiah+B.&rft.date=2005-06-29&rft.pub=%5B%5BRoutledge%5D%5D&rft.isbn=978-1-134-51817-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0haCAgAAQBAJ%26q%3DRoman%2BCavalry%2Btactics"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFJones1968"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Jones</span>, A. H. M.. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=DLqwCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA118&dq=commoners+equites&hl=ca&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjep__Lg7_3AhUIlP0HHdavCyUQ6AF6BAgIEAI#v=onepage&q=commoners%20equites&f=false"><i>A History of Rome through the Fifth Century: Volume I: The Republic</i></a> (en anglès).  Springer, 1968-06-18, p. 118. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-1-349-00250-4" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-1-349-00250-4">ISBN 978-1-349-00250-4</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Rome+through+the+Fifth+Century%3A+Volume+I%3A+The+Republic&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=A.+H.+M.&rft.date=1968-06-18&rft.pub=Springer&rft.pages=118&rft.isbn=978-1-349-00250-4&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDLqwCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA118%26dq%3Dcommoners%2Bequites%26hl%3Dca%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D2ahUKEwjep__Lg7_3AhUIlP0HHdavCyUQ6AF6BAgIEAI%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dcommoners%2520equites%26f%3Dfalse"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFDavenport2019"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Davenport</span>, Caillan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=JsyCDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT88&dq=second+punic+war+equites&hl=ca&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjy1syDhL_3AhXYg_0HHXeTDXUQ6AF6BAgCEAI#v=onepage&q=second%20punic%20war%20equites&f=false"><i>A History of the Roman Equestrian Order</i></a> (en anglès).  Cambridge University Press, 2019-01-10. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-1-108-75017-2" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-1-108-75017-2">ISBN 978-1-108-75017-2</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Roman+Equestrian+Order&rft.aulast=Davenport&rft.aufirst=Caillan&rft.date=2019-01-10&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.isbn=978-1-108-75017-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJsyCDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT88%26dq%3Dsecond%2Bpunic%2Bwar%2Bequites%26hl%3Dca%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D2ahUKEwjy1syDhL_3AhXYg_0HHXeTDXUQ6AF6BAgCEAI%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dsecond%2520punic%2520war%2520equites%26f%3Dfalse"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFPelgrom2008"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Pelgrom</span>, J. «Settlement organization and land distribution in Latin colonies before the Second Punic War». A: Luuk de Ligt, S. J. Northwood (edit). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?hl=ca&lr=&id=4toKjuTLOQUC&oi=fnd&pg=PA333&dq=second+punic+war+equites&ots=Z2Vt2l_lCL&sig=zUm_iZveSnJGDJia__aRxSRX0UU&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=second%20punic%20war%20equites&f=false"><i>People, Land, and Politics: Demographic Developments and the Transformation of Roman Italy 300 BC-AD 14</i></a> (en anglès).  BRILL, 2008, p. 333. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-90-04-17118-3" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-90-04-17118-3">ISBN 978-90-04-17118-3</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=People%2C+Land%2C+and+Politics%3A+Demographic+Developments+and+the+Transformation+of+Roman+Italy+300+BC-AD+14&rft.atitle=Settlement+organization+and+land+distribution+in+Latin+colonies+before+the+Second+Punic+War&rft.aulast=Pelgrom&rft.aufirst=J&rft.date=2008&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.pages=333&rft.isbn=978-90-04-17118-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fhl%3Dca%26lr%3D%26id%3D4toKjuTLOQUC%26oi%3Dfnd%26pg%3DPA333%26dq%3Dsecond%2Bpunic%2Bwar%2Bequites%26ots%3DZ2Vt2l_lCL%26sig%3DzUm_iZveSnJGDJia__aRxSRX0UU%26redir_esc%3Dy%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Dsecond%2520punic%2520war%2520equites%26f%3Dfalse"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFŻyromski2009"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Żyromski</span>, Marek «<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ceeol.com/search/article-detail?id=516947">The patterns of promotion within the roman army and administration - patronage versus experience and specialization</a>» (en anglès). <i>Tyragetia (Serie Nouă)</i>, III, 1, 2009, pàg. 277–283. <a href="/wiki/ISSN" title="ISSN">ISSN</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1857-0240">1857-0240</a>.</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFGoodman2002"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Goodman</span>, Martin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=L82HAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA172&dq=augustus+equites&hl=ca&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwivk5a-hb_3AhXOzoUKHXkoAHwQ6AF6BAgFEAI#v=onepage&q=augustus%20equites&f=false"><i>The Roman World 44 BC–AD 180</i></a> (en anglès).  <a href="/wiki/Routledge" title="Routledge">Routledge</a>, 2002-04-12, p. 172. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-1-134-94384-5" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-1-134-94384-5">ISBN 978-1-134-94384-5</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Roman+World+44+BC%E2%80%93AD+180&rft.aulast=Goodman&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft.date=2002-04-12&rft.pub=%5B%5BRoutledge%5D%5D&rft.pages=172&rft.isbn=978-1-134-94384-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DL82HAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA172%26dq%3Daugustus%2Bequites%26hl%3Dca%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D2ahUKEwivk5a-hb_3AhXOzoUKHXkoAHwQ6AF6BAgFEAI%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Daugustus%2520equites%26f%3Dfalse"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREFShotter2005"><span style="font-variant: small-caps;">Shotter</span>, David Colin Arthur. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.cat/books?id=cx9WubTkQ94C&pg=PA116&dq=augustus+equites&hl=ca&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwivk5a-hb_3AhXOzoUKHXkoAHwQ6AF6BAgLEAI#v=onepage&q=augustus%20equites&f=false"><i>Augustus Caesar</i></a> (en anglès).  Psychology Press, 2005, p. 116. <span style="font-size:90%; white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Fonts_bibliogr%C3%A0fiques/978-0-415-31936-2" title="Especial:Fonts bibliogràfiques/978-0-415-31936-2">ISBN 978-0-415-31936-2</a></span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Augustus+Caesar&rft.aulast=Shotter&rft.aufirst=David+Colin+Arthur&rft.date=2005&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.pages=116&rft.isbn=978-0-415-31936-2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.cat%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dcx9WubTkQ94C%26pg%3DPA116%26dq%3Daugustus%2Bequites%26hl%3Dca%26sa%3DX%26ved%3D2ahUKEwivk5a-hb_3AhXOzoUKHXkoAHwQ6AF6BAgLEAI%23v%3Donepage%26q%3Daugustus%2520equites%26f%3Dfalse"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Història_militar_de_l&#039;antiga_Roma" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" 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