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-73.9380</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Historic Harlem music venue</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the ballroom in New York City. For the ballroom with the same name in Chicago, see <a href="/wiki/Savoy_Ballroom_(Chicago)" title="Savoy Ballroom (Chicago)">Savoy Ballroom (Chicago)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:(Portrait_of_Dizzy_Gillespie,_New_York,_N.Y.,_between_1946_and_1948)_(LOC)_(4976469817).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/%28Portrait_of_Dizzy_Gillespie%2C_New_York%2C_N.Y.%2C_between_1946_and_1948%29_%28LOC%29_%284976469817%29.jpg/220px-%28Portrait_of_Dizzy_Gillespie%2C_New_York%2C_N.Y.%2C_between_1946_and_1948%29_%28LOC%29_%284976469817%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/%28Portrait_of_Dizzy_Gillespie%2C_New_York%2C_N.Y.%2C_between_1946_and_1948%29_%28LOC%29_%284976469817%29.jpg/330px-%28Portrait_of_Dizzy_Gillespie%2C_New_York%2C_N.Y.%2C_between_1946_and_1948%29_%28LOC%29_%284976469817%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/%28Portrait_of_Dizzy_Gillespie%2C_New_York%2C_N.Y.%2C_between_1946_and_1948%29_%28LOC%29_%284976469817%29.jpg/440px-%28Portrait_of_Dizzy_Gillespie%2C_New_York%2C_N.Y.%2C_between_1946_and_1948%29_%28LOC%29_%284976469817%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5034" data-file-height="3765" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Dizzy_Gillespie" title="Dizzy Gillespie">Dizzy Gillespie</a>'s Orchestra on the Savoy bandstand, between 1946 and 1948</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Savoy Ballroom</b> was a large <a href="/wiki/Ballroom" title="Ballroom">ballroom</a> for music and public dancing located at 596 <a href="/wiki/Lenox_Avenue" title="Lenox Avenue">Lenox Avenue</a>, between 140th and 141st Streets in the <a href="/wiki/Harlem" title="Harlem">Harlem</a> neighborhood of <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lenox Avenue was the main thoroughfare through upper Harlem. Poet <a href="/wiki/Langston_Hughes" title="Langston Hughes">Langston Hughes</a> calls it the "Heartbeat of Harlem" in Juke Box Love Song, and he set his work "Lenox Avenue: Midnight" on the legendary street. The Savoy was one of many Harlem hot spots along Lenox, but it was the one to be called the "World's Finest Ballroom".<sup id="cite_ref-savoyplaque.org_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-savoyplaque.org-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was in operation from March 12, 1926,<sup id="cite_ref-Russell_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Russell-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to July 10, 1958,<sup id="cite_ref-lindyhop_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lindyhop-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and as Barbara Englebrecht writes in her article "Swinging at the Savoy", it was "a building, a geographic place, a ballroom, and the 'soul' of a neighborhood".<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was opened and owned by white entrepreneur Jay Faggen and <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jewish</a> businessman Moe Gale.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was managed by African-American businessman and civic leader Charles Buchanan. Buchanan, who was born in the <a href="/wiki/British_West_Indies" title="British West Indies">British West Indies</a>, sought to run a "luxury ballroom to accommodate the many thousands who wished to dance in an atmosphere of tasteful refinement, rather than in the small stuffy halls and the foul smelling, smoke laden cellar nightclubs ..."<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceB_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceB-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Savoy_Ballroom&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Savoy,_Dayton_Brandfield,_WPA,_1935%E2%80%931943.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/The_Savoy%2C_Dayton_Brandfield%2C_WPA%2C_1935%E2%80%931943.jpg/220px-The_Savoy%2C_Dayton_Brandfield%2C_WPA%2C_1935%E2%80%931943.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="185" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/The_Savoy%2C_Dayton_Brandfield%2C_WPA%2C_1935%E2%80%931943.jpg/330px-The_Savoy%2C_Dayton_Brandfield%2C_WPA%2C_1935%E2%80%931943.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/The_Savoy%2C_Dayton_Brandfield%2C_WPA%2C_1935%E2%80%931943.jpg/440px-The_Savoy%2C_Dayton_Brandfield%2C_WPA%2C_1935%E2%80%931943.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6331" data-file-height="5336" /></a><figcaption>Lithograph of the Savoy created for the New York City <a href="/wiki/Works_Progress_Administration" title="Works Progress Administration">Works Progress Administration</a>, 1935–1943</figcaption></figure> <p>The Savoy was modeled after Faggen's downtown venue, <a href="/wiki/Roseland_Ballroom" title="Roseland Ballroom">Roseland Ballroom</a>. The Roseland was a mostly European American <a href="/wiki/Swing_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Swing dance">swing dance</a> club. With swing's rise to popularity and Harlem becoming a connected black community, The Savoy gave the rising talented and passionate black dancers an equally beautiful venue. The ballroom, which was 10,000 square feet in size, was on the second floor and a block long. It could hold up to 4,000 people. The interior was painted pink and the walls were mirrored. Colored lights danced on the sprung layered wood floor. In 1926, the Savoy contained a spacious lobby framing a huge, <a href="/wiki/Cut_glass" title="Cut glass">cut glass</a> chandelier and marble staircase. Leon James is quoted in <i>Jazz Dance</i> as saying, "My first impression was that I had stepped into another world. I had been to other ballrooms, but this was different – much bigger, more glamour, real class ..."<sup id="cite_ref-Jazz_Dance_1994_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jazz_Dance_1994-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Savoy Ballroom was named after the <a href="/wiki/Savoy_Hotel" title="Savoy Hotel">Savoy Hotel</a> in London as those who named the ballroom felt this gave the ballroom a classy, upscale feeling, as the hotel is a very elite, upscale hotel.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Savoy was popular from the start. A headline from the <i>New York Age</i> March 20, 1926, reads "Savoy Turns 2,000 Away On Opening Night – Crowds Pack Ball Room All Week".<sup id="cite_ref-savoyplaque.org_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-savoyplaque.org-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ballroom remained lit every night of the week. </p><p>The Savoy had the constant presence of the best <a href="/wiki/Lindy_Hop" title="Lindy Hop">Lindy Hoppers</a>, known as "Savoy Lindy Hoppers". Occasionally, groups of dancers such as <a href="/wiki/Whitey%27s_Lindy_Hoppers" title="Whitey's Lindy Hoppers">Whitey's Lindy Hoppers</a> turned professional and performed in Broadway and Hollywood productions.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Whitey turned out to be a successful agent, and in 1937 the <a href="/wiki/Marx_Brothers" title="Marx Brothers">Marx Brothers</a>' movie <i><a href="/wiki/A_Day_at_the_Races_(film)" title="A Day at the Races (film)">A Day at the Races</a></i> featured the group. Herbert White was a bouncer at the Savoy who was made floor manager in the early 1930s. He was sometimes known as Mac, but with his ambition to scout dancers at the ballroom to form his own group, he became widely known as Whitey for the white streak of hair down the center of his head. He looked for dancers who were "young, stylized, and, most of all, they had to have a beat, they had to swing".<sup id="cite_ref-Swing_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Swing-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Unlike many ballrooms such as the <a href="/wiki/Cotton_Club" title="Cotton Club">Cotton Club</a>, the Savoy always had a no-discrimination policy. The clientele was 85% black and 15% white, although sometimes there was an even split. Lindy hop dancer <a href="/wiki/Frankie_Manning" title="Frankie Manning">Frankie Manning</a> said that patrons were judged on their dancing skills and not on the color of their skin: "One night somebody came over and said, 'Hey man, <a href="/wiki/Clark_Gable" title="Clark Gable">Clark Gable</a> just walked in the house.' Somebody else said, 'Oh, yeah, can he dance?' All they wanted to know when you came into the Savoy was, do you dance?".<sup id="cite_ref-lindyhop_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lindyhop-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The northeast corner of the dance floor, nicknamed "Cats' Corner," was monopolized by the best and boldest dancers. Some sources claim only Whitey's Lindy Hoppers were permitted to dance there, while others are less specific.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Competition for a place in Cats' Corner was fierce, and every serious hopper awaited the nightly "showtime". Other dancers would create a horseshoe around the band and "only the greatest Lindy-hoppers would stay on the floor, to try to eliminate each other".<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many dances such as the Lindy Hop (which was named after Charles Lindbergh and originated in 1927) were developed and became famous there. It was known downtown as the "Home of Happy Feet" but uptown, in Harlem, as "the Track" because the floor was long and thin. The Lindy Hop is also known as The Jitterbug and was born out of "mounting exhilaration and the 'hot' interaction of music and dance".<sup id="cite_ref-ReferenceA_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other dances that were conceived at the Savoy are The Flying Charleston, <a href="/wiki/Jive_(dance)" title="Jive (dance)">Jive</a>, Snakehips, Rhumboogie, and variations of the Shimmy and <a href="/wiki/Mambo_(dance)" title="Mambo (dance)">Mambo</a>. Capitol Records released at least one album devoted to the club, <i>The Home of Happy Feet</i>, from 1959.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is estimated that the ballroom generated $250,000 in annual profit in its peak years from the late 1920s to the 1940s. Every year the ballroom was visited by almost 700,000 people. The entrance fee was 30 to 85 cents per person, depending on what time a person came. Thirty cents was the base price, but after 6 pm the fee was 60 cents, and then 85 cents after 8 pm. The Savoy made enough money by its peak in 1936 that $50,000 was spent on remodeling.<sup id="cite_ref-Jazz_Dance_1994_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jazz_Dance_1994-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:(Portrait_of_Dizzy_Gillespie,_New_York,_N.Y.,_ca._May_1947)_(LOC)_(4977084350).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/%28Portrait_of_Dizzy_Gillespie%2C_New_York%2C_N.Y.%2C_ca._May_1947%29_%28LOC%29_%284977084350%29.jpg/220px-%28Portrait_of_Dizzy_Gillespie%2C_New_York%2C_N.Y.%2C_ca._May_1947%29_%28LOC%29_%284977084350%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/%28Portrait_of_Dizzy_Gillespie%2C_New_York%2C_N.Y.%2C_ca._May_1947%29_%28LOC%29_%284977084350%29.jpg/330px-%28Portrait_of_Dizzy_Gillespie%2C_New_York%2C_N.Y.%2C_ca._May_1947%29_%28LOC%29_%284977084350%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/%28Portrait_of_Dizzy_Gillespie%2C_New_York%2C_N.Y.%2C_ca._May_1947%29_%28LOC%29_%284977084350%29.jpg/440px-%28Portrait_of_Dizzy_Gillespie%2C_New_York%2C_N.Y.%2C_ca._May_1947%29_%28LOC%29_%284977084350%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="778" /></a><figcaption>Dizzy Gillespie, playing the trumpet at the Savoy, 1947</figcaption></figure> <p>The ballroom had a double <a href="/wiki/Bandstand" title="Bandstand">bandstand</a> that held one large and one medium-sized band running against its east wall. Music was continuous as the alternative band was always in position and ready to pick up the beat when the previous one had completed its set. The bouncers, who had previously worked as boxers, basketball players, and the like, wore tuxedos and made $100 a night. The floor was watched inconspicuously by a security force of four men at a time who were headed by <a href="/wiki/Jack_La_Rue" title="Jack La Rue">Jack La Rue</a>, and no man was allowed in who wasn't dressed in a jacket with a tie. Besides the security staff, the Savoy was populated by "Harlem's most beautiful women": the Savoy Hostesses.<sup id="cite_ref-Swing_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Swing-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They would be fired for consorting with patrons outside the ballroom, but inside the hostesses would teach people to dance and were dance partners for anyone who purchased a 25 cent dance ticket. Roseland Ballroom hostesses often visited the Savoy on their night off; this inspired Buchanan to create Monday Ladies-Free Nights. Other special events began during the week, including the giveaway of a new car every Saturday. The floor had to be replaced every three years due to frequent use. </p><p>During the 1930s, <a href="/wiki/Chick_Webb" title="Chick Webb">Chick Webb</a> was the <a href="/wiki/Bandleader" title="Bandleader">bandleader</a> of the Savoy's most popular <a href="/wiki/House_band" title="House band">house band</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ella_Fitzgerald" title="Ella Fitzgerald">Ella Fitzgerald</a>, fresh from a talent show victory at the <a href="/wiki/Apollo_Theater" title="Apollo Theater">Apollo Theater</a> in 1934, became its teenage vocalist.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Webb also recorded the 1934 <a href="/wiki/Big_band" title="Big band">big band</a> song and <a href="/wiki/Jazz_standard" title="Jazz standard">jazz standard</a> "<a href="/wiki/Stompin%27_at_the_Savoy" title="Stompin' at the Savoy">Stompin' at the Savoy</a>", which is named for the Savoy. The Savoy was the site of many <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Bands" title="Battle of the Bands">Battle of the Bands</a> or <a href="/wiki/Cutting_Contest" class="mw-redirect" title="Cutting Contest">Cutting Contests</a>, which started when the <a href="/wiki/Benny_Goodman" title="Benny Goodman">Benny Goodman</a> Orchestra challenged Webb in 1937. Webb and his band were declared the winners of that contest. In 1938, Webb was challenged by the <a href="/wiki/Count_Basie" title="Count Basie">Count Basie</a> Band. While Webb was declared the winner again, there was a lack of consensus on who won.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Earle_Warren" title="Earle Warren">Earle Warren</a>, alto saxophonist for Basie, reported that they had worked on the song "Swingin' the Blues" for competing and says, "When we unloaded our cannons, that was the end".<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Floating World Pictures made a documentary called <i>The Savoy King</i> about the ballroom. It was shown at the 50th <a href="/wiki/New_York_Film_Festival" title="New York Film Festival">New York Film Festival</a>. Other prominent Savoy house bandleaders included <a href="/wiki/Al_Cooper" title="Al Cooper">Al Cooper</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erskine_Hawkins" title="Erskine Hawkins">Erskine Hawkins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lucky_Millinder" title="Lucky Millinder">Lucky Millinder</a> (with <a href="/wiki/Wynonie_Harris" title="Wynonie Harris">Wynonie Harris</a> on vocals), <a href="/wiki/Buddy_Johnson" title="Buddy Johnson">Buddy Johnson</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cootie_Williams" title="Cootie Williams">Cootie Williams</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Savoy participated in the <a href="/wiki/1939_New_York_World%27s_Fair" title="1939 New York World's Fair">1939 New York World's Fair</a>, presenting "The Evolution of Negro Dance".<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ballroom was shut down in April 1943 as a result of "charges of vice filed by the police department and Army".<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its license was renewed in mid-October of the same year.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demolition_and_legacy">Demolition and legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Savoy_Ballroom&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Demolition and legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Savoyplaque_large.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Savoyplaque_large.jpg/220px-Savoyplaque_large.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Savoyplaque_large.jpg/330px-Savoyplaque_large.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Savoyplaque_large.jpg/440px-Savoyplaque_large.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Plaque commemorating the Savoy Ballroom in Harlem, New York City</figcaption></figure> <p>The ballroom went out of business in October 1958.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite efforts to save it by Borough President <a href="/wiki/Hulan_Jack" title="Hulan Jack">Hulan Jack</a>, Savoy Ballroom manager and co-owner Charles Buchanan, clubs, and organizations, the Savoy Ballroom was demolished for the construction of the Delano Village housing complex between March and April 1959.<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mayor was the target of protest by clubs and organizations. The fixtures of the ballroom were auctioned for a "<a href="/wiki/Slum_clearance_in_the_United_States" title="Slum clearance in the United States">slum clearance</a> housing project".<sup id="cite_ref-autogenerated1_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated1-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Count Basie was quoted in the paper saying, "With the passing of the Savoy Ballroom, a part of show business is gone. I feel about the same way I did when someone told me the news that <a href="/wiki/Bill_Robinson" title="Bill Robinson">Bill (Bojangles) Robinson</a> was dead".<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On May 26, 2002, Frankie Manning and <a href="/wiki/Norma_Miller" title="Norma Miller">Norma Miller</a>, members of Whitey's Lindy Hoppers, unveiled a commemorative plaque for the Savoy Ballroom on <a href="/wiki/Lenox_Avenue" title="Lenox Avenue">Lenox Avenue</a> between 140th and 141st Streets.<sup id="cite_ref-Swing_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Swing-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the 19th anniversary of the plaque's installation, the Savoy Ballroom was honored with an interactive <a href="/wiki/Google_Doodle" title="Google Doodle">Google Doodle</a> <a href="/wiki/Rhythm_game" title="Rhythm game">rhythm game</a>, which featured popular <a href="/wiki/Swing_(dance)" title="Swing (dance)">swing dance</a> tunes like Ella Fitzgerald and <a href="/wiki/Louis_Armstrong" title="Louis Armstrong">Louis Armstrong</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Let%27s_Call_the_Whole_Thing_Off" title="Let's Call the Whole Thing Off">Let's Call the Whole Thing Off</a>" duet.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Savoy_Ballroom&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_jazz_clubs" class="mw-redirect" title="List of jazz clubs">List of jazz clubs</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Savoy_Ballroom&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWardBurns2000" class="citation book cs1">Ward, Geoffrey C.; Burns, Ken (2000). <i>Jazz: A History of America's Music</i>. Alfred A. Knopf. p. 174. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0679765394" title="Special:BookSources/978-0679765394"><bdi>978-0679765394</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jazz%3A+A+History+of+America%27s+Music&rft.pages=174&rft.pub=Alfred+A.+Knopf&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0679765394&rft.aulast=Ward&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey+C.&rft.au=Burns%2C+Ken&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASavoy+Ballroom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-savoyplaque.org-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-savoyplaque.org_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-savoyplaque.org_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.savoyplaque.org">"Savoy Ballroom 1926–1958"</a>. Savoyplaque.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 30,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Savoy+Ballroom+1926%E2%80%931958&rft.pub=Savoyplaque.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.savoyplaque.org&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASavoy+Ballroom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Russell-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Russell_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRussell1997" class="citation book cs1">Russell, Tony (1997). <i>The Blues: From Robert Johnson to Robert Cray</i>. Dubai: Carlton Books Limited. p. 12. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85868-255-X" title="Special:BookSources/1-85868-255-X"><bdi>1-85868-255-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Blues%3A+From+Robert+Johnson+to+Robert+Cray&rft.place=Dubai&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=Carlton+Books+Limited&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=1-85868-255-X&rft.aulast=Russell&rft.aufirst=Tony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASavoy+Ballroom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lindyhop-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-lindyhop_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-lindyhop_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFernandez2006" class="citation news cs1">Fernandez, Manny (March 12, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2006/03/12/nyregion/12savoy.html">"Where Feet Flew and the Lindy Hopped"</a>. <i>New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 14,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Where+Feet+Flew+and+the+Lindy+Hopped&rft.date=2006-03-12&rft.aulast=Fernandez&rft.aufirst=Manny&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2006%2F03%2F12%2Fnyregion%2F12savoy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASavoy+Ballroom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceB-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceB_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">"Swinging at the Savoy" by Barbara Engelbrecht, <i>Dance Research Journal Vol 15 No. 2 Popular Dance in Black America, Spring 1983</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=62Y8AAAAIBAJ&sjid=DCoMAAAAIBAJ&pg=2271,9944327">"Moe Gale, chief tan star backer, buried"</a>. <i>Baltimore Afro-American</i>. September 1, 1964<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 23,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Baltimore+Afro-American&rft.atitle=Moe+Gale%2C+chief+tan+star+backer%2C+buried&rft.date=1964-09-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.google.com%2Fnewspapers%3Fid%3D62Y8AAAAIBAJ%26sjid%3DDCoMAAAAIBAJ%26pg%3D2271%2C9944327&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASavoy+Ballroom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Savoy Ballroom's Charles Buchanan. (Associated Press) Chicago Tribune December 13, 1984</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jazz_Dance_1994-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jazz_Dance_1994_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jazz_Dance_1994_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Jazz Dance: the story of American vernacular dance</i>, Marshall Stearns and Jean Stearns (1994) Da Capo Press (originally published in 1968 by Macmillan) <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="Please supply an ISBN for this book.">ISBN missing</span></a></i>]</sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="This citation requires a reference to the specific page or range of pages in which the material appears. (May 2021)">page needed</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://welcometoharlem.wordpress.com/2010/12/22/the-savoy-ballroom/">"The Savoy Ballroom, Harlem NY"</a>. <i>Welcome to Harlem's Blog</i>. December 22, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 30,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Welcome+to+Harlem%27s+Blog&rft.atitle=The+Savoy+Ballroom%2C+Harlem+NY&rft.date=2010-12-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwelcometoharlem.wordpress.com%2F2010%2F12%2F22%2Fthe-savoy-ballroom%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASavoy+Ballroom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ward and Burns, pp. 217–221.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Swing-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Swing_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Swing_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Swing_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Swingin' at the Savoy: The Memoir of a Jazz Dancer</i>, Norma Miller and Evette Jensen (1996) Temple University Press, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1566398497" title="Special:BookSources/978-1566398497">978-1566398497</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLong1989" class="citation book cs1">Long, Richard A. (1989). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/blacktraditionin0000long"><i>The Black Tradition in American Dance</i></a></span>. Rizzoli International Publication, Inc. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/blacktraditionin0000long/page/32">32</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8478-1092-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8478-1092-5"><bdi>0-8478-1092-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Black+Tradition+in+American+Dance&rft.pages=32&rft.pub=Rizzoli+International+Publication%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=0-8478-1092-5&rft.aulast=Long&rft.aufirst=Richard+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fblacktraditionin0000long&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASavoy+Ballroom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ReferenceA-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ReferenceA_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Swinging at the Savoy" by Barbara Engelbrecht, <i>Dance Research Journal</i> Vol 15 No. 2 Popular Dance in Black America, Spring 1983</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorgersonSchroeder2021" class="citation web cs1">Borgerson, Janet; Schroeder, Jonathan (May 21, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.isrf.org/2021/05/21/midcentury-dance-records-and-representations-of-identity/">"Midcentury Dance Records and Representations of Identity"</a>. <i>Independent Social Research Foundation</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 22,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Independent+Social+Research+Foundation&rft.atitle=Midcentury+Dance+Records+and+Representations+of+Identity&rft.date=2021-05-21&rft.aulast=Borgerson&rft.aufirst=Janet&rft.au=Schroeder%2C+Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.isrf.org%2F2021%2F05%2F21%2Fmidcentury-dance-records-and-representations-of-identity%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASavoy+Ballroom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ward and Burns, p. 272.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Ward and Burns, pp. 255, 258.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Swinging at the Savoy</i> by Barbara Engelbrecht, <i>Dance Research Journal</i> Vol 15 No. 2 Popular Dance in Black America, Spring 1983</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allmusic.com/album/savoy-ballroom-house-bands-1931-1955-mw0000781475">"Savoy Ballroom House Bands 1931–1955"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 5,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=AllMusic&rft.atitle=Savoy+Ballroom+House+Bands+1931%E2%80%931955&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.allmusic.com%2Falbum%2Fsavoy-ballroom-house-bands-1931-1955-mw0000781475&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASavoy+Ballroom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Life</i>. May 15, 1939. p. 21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, Headline April 25, 1943.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Ballroom Regains Permit". <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. October 16, 1943. p. 10</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"The Savoy Era of Jazz Closes on Auctioneer's Brief Reprise". <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. October 1, 1958. page 39</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated1_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://osf.io/7w945">"Harri Heinilä, The End of Harlem's Savoy Ballroom - Observations and Explanations for Reasons (February 2, 2018, the University of Helsinki)"</a>. osf.io<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 3,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Harri+Heinil%C3%A4%2C+The+End+of+Harlem%27s+Savoy+Ballroom+-+Observations+and+Explanations+for+Reasons+%28February+2%2C+2018%2C+the+University+of+Helsinki%29&rft.pub=osf.io&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fosf.io%2F7w945&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASavoy+Ballroom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson2004" class="citation book cs1">Wilson, Sondra K. (February 17, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=60goLuvPXCQC"><i>Meet Me at the Theresa: The Story of Harlem's Most Famous Hotel</i></a>. New York: ATRIA Books. p. 194. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0743466888" title="Special:BookSources/0743466888"><bdi>0743466888</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 20,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Meet+Me+at+the+Theresa%3A+The+Story+of+Harlem%27s+Most+Famous+Hotel&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=194&rft.pub=ATRIA+Books&rft.date=2004-02-17&rft.isbn=0743466888&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Sondra+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D60goLuvPXCQC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASavoy+Ballroom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMusil2021" class="citation news cs1">Musil, Steven (May 26, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnet.com/news/google-celebrates-savoy-ballroom-with-interactive-doodle-game/">"Google celebrates Savoy Ballroom with interactive Doodle game"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CNET" title="CNET">CNET</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 26,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Google+celebrates+Savoy+Ballroom+with+interactive+Doodle+game&rft.date=2021-05-26&rft.aulast=Musil&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnet.com%2Fnews%2Fgoogle-celebrates-savoy-ballroom-with-interactive-doodle-game%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASavoy+Ballroom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMolina2021" class="citation news cs1">Molina, Brett (May 26, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/2021/05/26/savoy-ballroom-google-doodle-game-pays-tribute-swing-dancing/7444591002/">"Savoy Ballroom: Google Doodle celebrates swing dancing with new game"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/USA_Today" title="USA Today">USA Today</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 26,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Savoy+Ballroom%3A+Google+Doodle+celebrates+swing+dancing+with+new+game&rft.date=2021-05-26&rft.aulast=Molina&rft.aufirst=Brett&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Ftech%2F2021%2F05%2F26%2Fsavoy-ballroom-google-doodle-game-pays-tribute-swing-dancing%2F7444591002%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASavoy+Ballroom" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Savoy_Ballroom&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.savoyplaque.org/">Savoy Ballroom plaque</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.welcometothesavoy.com/">Welcome to the Savoy</a> virtual reality project</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Harlem" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output 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title="Harlem">Harlem</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Main topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Harlem" title="Crime in Harlem">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Harlem" class="mw-redirect" title="Demographics of Harlem">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Harlem" title="Education in Harlem">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Harlem" title="History of Harlem">History</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harlem_Renaissance" title="Harlem Renaissance">Harlem Renaissance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_shot_in_Harlem" title="List of films shot in Harlem">List of films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_neighborhoods_in_Harlem" title="List of neighborhoods in Harlem">List of neighborhoods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Harlem" title="List of people from Harlem">List of people</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subsections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Harlem" title="East Harlem">East Harlem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Heights,_Manhattan" title="Hamilton Heights, Manhattan">Hamilton Heights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pleasant_Avenue" title="Pleasant Avenue">Italian Harlem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Petit_Senegal" class="mw-redirect" title="Le Petit Senegal">Le Petit Senegal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhattanville,_Manhattan" title="Manhattanville, Manhattan">Manhattanville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugar_Hill,_Manhattan" title="Sugar Hill, Manhattan">Sugar Hill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Designated<br />landmarks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/369th_Regiment_Armory" title="369th Regiment Armory">369th Regiment Armory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abyssinian_Baptist_Church" title="Abyssinian Baptist Church">Abyssinian Baptist Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_Theater" title="Apollo Theater">Apollo Theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astor_Row" title="Astor Row">Astor Row</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Park" title="Central Park">Central Park</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harlem_Meer" title="Harlem Meer">Harlem Meer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lasker_Rink" title="Lasker Rink">Lasker Rink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Woods_and_North_Meadow" title="North Woods and North Meadow">North Woods</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunbar_Apartments" title="Dunbar Apartments">Dunbar Apartments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Court" title="Graham Court">Graham Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Grange_National_Memorial" title="Hamilton Grange National Memorial">Hamilton Grange National Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlem_River_Houses" title="Harlem River Houses">Harlem River Houses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlem_YMCA" title="Harlem YMCA">Harlem YMCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotel_Theresa" title="Hotel Theresa">Hotel Theresa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langston_Hughes_House" title="Langston Hughes House">Langston Hughes House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macombs_Dam_Bridge" title="Macombs Dam Bridge">Macombs Dam Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Avenue%E2%80%93West_120th%E2%80%93123rd_Streets_Historic_District" title="Manhattan Avenue–West 120th–123rd Streets Historic District">Manhattan Avenue–West 120th–123rd Streets Historic District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Baptist_Church_(New_York_City)" title="Metropolitan Baptist Church (New York City)">Metropolitan Baptist Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minton%27s_Playhouse" title="Minton's Playhouse">Minton's Playhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morningside_Park_(Manhattan)" title="Morningside Park (Manhattan)">Morningside Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_African_Methodist_Episcopal_Zion_Church" title="Mother African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church">Mother African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Morris_Park_Historic_District" title="Mount Morris Park Historic District">Mount Morris Park Historic District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/115th_Street_Library" title="115th Street Library">NYPL 115th Street Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schomburg_Center_for_Research_in_Black_Culture" title="Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture">NYPL Schomburg Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Aloysius_Catholic_Church_(New_York_City)" title="St. Aloysius Catholic Church (New York City)">St. Aloysius Roman Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Andrew%27s_Episcopal_Church_(New_York_City)" title="St. Andrew's Episcopal Church (New York City)">St. Andrew's Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Nicholas_Historic_District" title="St. Nicholas Historic District">St. Nicholas Historic District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wadleigh_High_School_for_Girls" title="Wadleigh High School for Girls">Wadleigh High School for Girls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Apartments_(New_York_City)" title="Washington Apartments (New York City)">Washington Apartments</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other points<br />of interest</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Clayton_Powell_Jr._State_Office_Building" title="Adam Clayton Powell Jr. State Office Building">Adam Clayton Powell Jr. State Office Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_Saints_Church_(Manhattan)" title="All Saints Church (Manhattan)">All Saints Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ATLAH_World_Missionary_Church" title="ATLAH World Missionary Church">ATLAH World Missionary Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushman_Steps" class="mw-redirect" title="Bushman Steps">Bushman Steps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotton_Club" title="Cotton Club">Cotton Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duke_Ellington_Circle" title="Duke Ellington Circle">Duke Ellington Circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Douglass_Circle" title="Frederick Douglass Circle">Frederick Douglass Circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harbor_Conservatory_for_the_Performing_Arts" title="Harbor Conservatory for the Performing Arts">Harbor Conservatory for the Performing Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlem_Children%27s_Zone" title="Harlem Children's Zone">Harlem Children's Zone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlem_Hospital_Center" title="Harlem Hospital Center">Harlem Hospital Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Harlem_School_of_the_Arts" title="The Harlem School of the Arts">The Harlem School of the Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenox_Lounge" title="Lenox Lounge">Lenox Lounge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Garvey_Park" title="Marcus Garvey Park">Marcus Garvey Park</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harlem_Fire_Watchtower" title="Harlem Fire Watchtower">Harlem Fire Watchtower</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morningside_Park_(Manhattan)" title="Morningside Park (Manhattan)">Morningside Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Black_Theatre" title="National Black Theatre">National Black Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_College_of_Podiatric_Medicine" title="New York College of Podiatric Medicine">New York College of Podiatric Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rucker_Park" title="Rucker Park">Rucker Park</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Savoy Ballroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Nicholas_Houses" title="St. Nicholas Houses">St. Nicholas Houses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Studio_Museum_in_Harlem" title="Studio Museum in Harlem">Studio Museum in Harlem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvia%27s_Restaurant_of_Harlem" title="Sylvia's Restaurant of Harlem">Sylvia's Soul Food</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>See also:</i> Manhattan Community Boards: <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Community_Board_9" title="Manhattan Community Board 9">9</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Community_Board_10" title="Manhattan Community Board 10">10</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Community_Board_11" title="Manhattan Community Board 11">11</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox 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