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subsumption</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: subsumption"> <meta name="keywords" content="subsumption"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="subsumption"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 5</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: subsumption</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5</span> Underneath Vehicle Inspection Using Fuzzy Logic, Subsumption, and Open Cv-Library</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hazim%20Abdulsada">Hazim Abdulsada</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The inspection of underneath vehicle system has been given significant attention by governments after the threat of terrorism become more prevalent. New technologies such as mobile robots and computer vision are led to have more secure environment. This paper proposed that a mobile robot like Aria robot can be used to search and inspect the bombs under parking a lot vehicle. This robot is using fuzzy logic and subsumption algorithms to control the robot that movies underneath the vehicle. An OpenCV library and laser Hokuyo are added to Aria robot to complete the experiment for under vehicle inspection. This experiment was conducted at the indoor environment to demonstrate the efficiency of our methods to search objects and control the robot movements under vehicle. We got excellent results not only by controlling the robot movement but also inspecting object by the robot camera at same time. This success allowed us to know the requirement to construct a new cost effective robot with more functionality. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20logic" title="fuzzy logic">fuzzy logic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mobile%20robots" title=" mobile robots"> mobile robots</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Opencv" title=" Opencv"> Opencv</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subsumption" title=" subsumption"> subsumption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=under%20vehicle%20inspection" title=" under vehicle inspection "> under vehicle inspection </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20775/underneath-vehicle-inspection-using-fuzzy-logic-subsumption-and-open-cv-library" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/20775.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">472</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">4</span> Minimizing Mutant Sets by Equivalence and Subsumption</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Samia%20Alblwi">Samia Alblwi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amani%20Ayad"> Amani Ayad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mutation testing is the art of generating syntactic variations of a base program and checking whether a candidate test suite can identify all the mutants that are not semantically equivalent to the base: this technique is widely used by researchers to select quality test suites. One of the main obstacles to the widespread use of mutation testing is cost: even small pro-grams (a few dozen lines of code) can give rise to a large number of mutants (up to hundreds): this has created an incentive to seek to reduce the number of mutants while preserving their collective effectiveness. Two criteria have been used to reduce the size of mutant sets: equiva-lence, which aims to partition the set of mutants into equivalence classes modulo semantic equivalence, and selecting one representative per class; subsumption, which aims to define a partial ordering among mutants that ranks mutants by effectiveness and seeks to select maximal elements in this ordering. In this paper we analyze these two policies using analytical and em-pirical criteria. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mutation%20testing" title="mutation testing">mutation testing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mutant%20sets" title=" mutant sets"> mutant sets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mutant%20equivalence" title=" mutant equivalence"> mutant equivalence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mutant%20subsumption" title=" mutant subsumption"> mutant subsumption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mutant%20set%20minimization" title=" mutant set minimization"> mutant set minimization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156274/minimizing-mutant-sets-by-equivalence-and-subsumption" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156274.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">63</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">3</span> Students' Ability to Solve Complex Accounting Problems Using a Framework-Based Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karen%20Odendaal">Karen Odendaal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Accounting transactions are becoming more complex, and more extensive accounting guidance is provided on a continuous basis. It is widely perceived that conceptual teaching of accounting contributes to lifelong learning. Such a conceptual teaching approach also contributes to effective accounting problem-solving. This framework-based approach is rooted in educational psychologies such as constructivism and Ausubel’s subsumption theory. This study aimed at investigating the ability of students to solve complex accounting problems by using only concepts underlying the Conceptual Framework. An assignment was administered to pre-graduate students at a South African university and this study made use of an interpretative research design which implemented multiple research instruments to investigate the ability of students to solve complex accounting problems using only concepts underlying the Conceptual Framework. Student perceptions were analysed and were aided by a related reflective questionnaire. The importance of the study indicates the necessity of Accounting educators to enhance a conceptual understanding among students as a mechanism for problem-solving of accounting issues. The results indicate that the ability of students to solve accounting problems effectively using only the Conceptual Framework depends on the complexity of the scenario and the students’ familiarity with the problem. The study promotes a balanced and more conceptual (rather than only technical) preference to the problem-solving of complex accounting problems. The study indubitably promotes considerable emphasis on the importance of the Conceptual Framework in accounting education and the promotion of life-long learning in the subject field. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=accounting%20education" title="accounting education">accounting education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=conceptual%20teaching" title=" conceptual teaching"> conceptual teaching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constructivism" title=" constructivism"> constructivism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=framework-based" title=" framework-based"> framework-based</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=problem-solving" title=" problem-solving"> problem-solving</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81391/students-ability-to-solve-complex-accounting-problems-using-a-framework-based-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81391.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">233</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2</span> Campaign Contributions as Freedom of Expression: A Comparative Study Between the United States and Germany</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kristof%20Lukas%20Heidemann">Kristof Lukas Heidemann</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In times of democratic backsliding in Western nations restoring public trust in the electoral process ranks among the most urgent tasks on the public agenda. Addressing the role of money in politics is one major part of this effort, however, such an endeavor might affect the constitutional freedom of expression. Attempts to regulate political spending in the U.S. have in recent decades increasingly been overruled by the U.S. Supreme through an expansion of the protective umbrella of the First Amendment over campaign contributions by private organizations, especially in the decisions Buckley v. Valeo and Citizens United v. FEC. In Germany on the other hand this line of argumentation has so far not been submitted to the national Supreme Court. Given that voices calling for stricter and more transparent political financing laws in Germany are growing, it seems only a matter of time until the issue will have to be addressed by the country’s judiciary as well. Therefore, this paper conducts a comparative analysis of the constitutional right to free expression in these two leading democracies in to assess whether the problem of a lack of regulatory options to achieve stricter campaign spending laws due to constitutional restrictions will also arise in Germany. In order to present a comprehensive picture of the subject, the analysis does not only touch upon doctrinal aspects of both systems but also scrutinizes the practical implications from a socio-legal perspective. Although the list of forms of expression in the wording of Art. 5 of the German constitution is generally considered to be non-exhaustive, the investigation concludes that the subsumption of election campaign donations under it is not justifiable using recognized methods of interpretation, in particular concerning a systematic interpretation in light of the principle of equality in Art. 3 of the German constitution. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comparative%20constitutional%20law" title="comparative constitutional law">comparative constitutional law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constitutional%20justice" title=" constitutional justice"> constitutional justice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=constitutional%20law" title=" constitutional law"> constitutional law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=election%20law" title=" election law"> election law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=freedom%20of%20speech" title=" freedom of speech"> freedom of speech</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fundamental%20rights" title=" fundamental rights"> fundamental rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=law%20reform" title=" law reform"> law reform</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194627/campaign-contributions-as-freedom-of-expression-a-comparative-study-between-the-united-states-and-germany" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194627.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">7</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1</span> Analyzing the Crisis of Liberal Democracy by Investigating Connections Between Deliberative Democratic Theory, Criticism of Neoliberalism and Contemporary Marxist Political Economy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Inka%20Maria%20Vilhelmiina%20Hiltunen">Inka Maria Vilhelmiina Hiltunen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The crisis of liberal democracy has been recognized from many sites of political literature; scholars of Marxist critical political economy and deliberative democracy, as well as critics of neoliberalism, have become concerned about how either the rise of populism and authoritarianism, institutional decline or the overarching economic rationality erode political democratic citizenship in favor of economic technocracy or conservative protectionism. However, even if these bodies of literature recognize the generalized crisis that haunts Western democracies, dialogue between them has been very limited. That said, drawing from contemporary Marxist perspectives, this article aims at bridging the gap between the criticism of neoliberalism and theories of deliberative democracy. The first section starts by outlining what is meant by neoliberalism, liberal democracy, and the crisis of liberal democracy. The next section explores how contemporary capitalism acts upon society and transforms it. It introduces Jurgen Habermas’ thesis of the ‘colonization of the lifeworld’, Wendy Brown’s analysis of neoliberal rationality and Étienne Balibar’s concepts of ‘absolute capitalism’ and ‘total subsumption,’ that the essay aims at connecting in the last section. The third section is concerned with the deliberative democratic theory and practice. The section highlights the qualitative socio-political impacts of deliberation, as predicted by theorists and shown by empirical studies. The last section draws from contemporary Marxist perspectives to examine the question if deliberative democratic theories and practices can resolve the crisis of liberal democracy in the current financially driven era of neoliberal capitalism. By asking this question, the essay aims to consider what is required to reverse the current global trend of rising inequality. If liberal democracy has declined towards commodified and reactionary forms of politics and if ‘market rationality’ has shaped social agency to the extent that politicians and the public struggle to imagine ‘any alternatives’, the most urgent political task is to bring to life a new political imagination based on democratic ideals of equality, inclusivity, reciprocity, and solidarity, that thereby enables the revision of the transnational institutional design. This part focuses on the hegemonic role of finance and money. The essay concludes by stating that the implementation of substantive global democracy must start from the dissolution of the hegemony of finance, centered on U.S., and from the remaking of the conditions of socioeconomic reproduction world-wide. However, given the still present overarching neoliberal status quo, the essay is skeptical of the ideological feasibility of this remaking. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deliberative%20democracy" title="deliberative democracy">deliberative democracy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=criticism%20of%20neoliberalism" title=" criticism of neoliberalism"> criticism of neoliberalism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marxist%20political%20economy" title=" marxist political economy"> marxist political economy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crisis%20of%20liberal%20democracy" title=" crisis of liberal democracy"> crisis of liberal democracy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169224/analyzing-the-crisis-of-liberal-democracy-by-investigating-connections-between-deliberative-democratic-theory-criticism-of-neoliberalism-and-contemporary-marxist-political-economy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169224.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">111</span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </main> <footer> <div id="infolinks" class="pt-3 pb-2"> <div class="container"> <div style="background-color:#f5f5f5;" class="p-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-2"> <ul class="list-unstyled"> About <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="https://waset.org/page/support#legal-information">Legal</a></li> <li><a target="_blank" rel="nofollow" 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