CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>1991 - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"9d5e8d18-85fe-4522-b563-a61044259d3b","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"1991","wgTitle":"1991","wgCurRevisionId":1281498210,"wgRevisionId":1281498210,"wgArticleId":34703,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 Italian-language sources (it)","All articles with dead external links","Articles with dead external links from December 2024","Articles with permanently dead external links","CS1 Russian-language sources (ru)","Wikipedia pending changes protected pages","Use mdy dates from November 2024","Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Commons category link from Wikidata","Articles containing Latin-language text","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from June 2021","Articles using mb magnitude scale","Articles using Mw magnitude scale","Articles with unsourced statements from November 2024","1991"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"1991","wgRelevantArticleId":34703,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgStableRevisionId":1281498210,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":200000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q2062","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false}; RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.flaggedRevs.basic":"ready","mediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.flaggedRevs.advanced","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.flaggedRevs.basic%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.21"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Serb_T-55_Battle_of_the_Barracks.JPG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="760"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Serb_T-55_Battle_of_the_Barracks.JPG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="507"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="405"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="1991 - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=1991&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-1991 rootpage-1991 skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Main menu </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z">Main page</a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia">Contents</a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events">Current events</a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x">Random article</a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works">About Wikipedia</a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia">Contact us</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia">Help</a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia">Learn to edit</a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors">Community portal</a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r">Recent changes</a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia">Upload file</a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages">Special pages</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> Search </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Appearance </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class="">Donate</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=1991" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class="">Create account</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=1991" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class="">Log in</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Personal tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en">Donate</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=1991" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"> Create account</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=1991" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"> Log in</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing">learn more</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y">Contributions</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Events </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Events-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Events subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-January" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#January"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 January </div> </a> <ul id="toc-January-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-February" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#February"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 February </div> </a> <ul id="toc-February-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-March" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#March"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 March </div> </a> <ul id="toc-March-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-April" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#April"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 April </div> </a> <ul id="toc-April-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-May" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#May"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 May </div> </a> <ul id="toc-May-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-June" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#June"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.6 June </div> </a> <ul id="toc-June-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-July" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#July"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.7 July </div> </a> <ul id="toc-July-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-August" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#August"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.8 August </div> </a> <ul id="toc-August-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-September" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#September"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.9 September </div> </a> <ul id="toc-September-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-October" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#October"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.10 October </div> </a> <ul id="toc-October-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-November" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#November"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.11 November </div> </a> <ul id="toc-November-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-December" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#December"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.12 December </div> </a> <ul id="toc-December-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Births_and_deaths" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Births_and_deaths"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Births and deaths </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Births_and_deaths-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nobel_Prizes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nobel_Prizes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Nobel Prizes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nobel_Prizes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">1991</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 203 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-203" aria-hidden="true" > 203 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991_%E1%8A%A5.%E1%8A%A4.%E1%8A%A0." title="1991 እ.ኤ.አ. – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="1991 እ.ኤ.አ." data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Аԥсшәа</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991_%D5%A9%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6" title="1991 թուական – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="1991 թուական" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target">Авар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B9%DB%B1_(%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C)" title="۱۹۹۱ (میلادی) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="۱۹۹۱ (میلادی)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AF%E0%A7%AF%E0%A7%A7" title="১৯৯১ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="১৯৯১" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Banjar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991_n%C3%AE" title="1991 nî – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="1991 nî" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Banyumasan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991_%D0%B9%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1991 йыл – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="1991 йыл" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BC%A1%E0%BC%A9%E0%BC%A9%E0%BC%A1%E0%BD%A3%E0%BD%BC%E0%BC%8D" title="༡༩༩༡ལོ། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="༡༩༩༡ལོ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991." title="1991. – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="1991." data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Emiliàn e rumagnòl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991_%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="1991 ие – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="1991 ие" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B9%DB%B1" title="۱۹۹۱ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="۱۹۹۱" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagauz</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991_%D1%88%D1%83" title="1991 шу – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="1991 шу" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target">ГӀалгӀай</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991%E5%B9%B4" title="1991年 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="1991年" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991-ngi%C3%A8n" title="1991-ngièn – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="1991-ngièn" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991%EB%85%84" title="1991년 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="1991년" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%A7" title="१९९१ – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="१९९१" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991." title="1991. – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="1991." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF_%E0%A7%A7%E0%A7%AF%E0%A7%AF%E0%A7%A7" title="মারি ১৯৯১ – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="মারি ১৯৯১" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991-%C3%A6%D0%BC_%D0%B0%D0%B7" title="1991-æм аз – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="1991-æм аз" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B3%A7%E0%B3%AF%E0%B3%AF%E0%B3%A7" title="೧೯೯೧ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="೧೯೯೧" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991_%D0%B4%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1991 джыл – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="1991 джыл" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Къарачай-малкъар</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kaszëbsczi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="1991 жыл – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="1991 жыл" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991-%D3%A7%D0%B4_%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="1991-ӧд во – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="1991-ӧд во" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kotava</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991_(almanak_gregoryen)" title="1991 (almanak gregoryen) – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="1991 (almanak gregoryen)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991_%D0%B8" title="1991 и – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="1991 и" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991._gads" title="1991. gads – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="1991. gads" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991_%D0%B9%D0%B8%D1%81" title="1991 йис – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="1991 йис" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991_m." title="1991 m. – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="1991 m." data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991moi" title="1991moi – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="1991moi" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%A7" title="१९९१ – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="१९९१" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8._%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%A7" title="इ.स. १९९१ – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स. १९९१" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B9%DB%B1" title="۱۹۹۱ – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="۱۹۹۱" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991_ni%C3%A8ng" title="1991 nièng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="1991 nièng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991_%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="1991 он – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="1991 он" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%81%81%E1%81%89%E1%81%89%E1%81%81" title="၁၉၉၁ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="၁၉၉၁" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nāhuatl</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82_%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%A7" title="ई सं १९९१ – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ई सं १९९१" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991%E5%B9%B4" title="1991年 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="1991年" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Napulitano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991_%D1%88%D0%BE" title="1991 шо – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="1991 шо" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nouormand</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AD%A7%E0%AD%AF%E0%AD%AF%E0%AD%A7" title="୧୯୯୧ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="୧୯୯୧" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A5%A7%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%AF%E0%A5%A7" title="१९९१ – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="१९९१" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tok Pisin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ty mw-list-item"><a href="https://ty.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Tahitian" lang="ty" hreflang="ty" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Reo tahiti" data-language-local-name="Tahitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Reo tahiti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joohr_1991" title="Joohr 1991 – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Joohr 1991" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ripoarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q17506997 badge-featuredlist mw-list-item" title="featured list badge"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="1991 год – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="1991 год" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho sa Leboa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991%D8%B9" title="1991ع – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="1991ع" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%A1%D9%A9%D9%A9%D9%A1" title="١٩٩١ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="١٩٩١" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991." title="1991. – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="1991." data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tarandíne</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991_%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="1991 ел – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="1991 ел" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="တႆး" data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target">တႆး</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._2534" title="พ.ศ. 2534 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พ.ศ. 2534" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_1991" title="Соли 1991 – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Соли 1991" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991_%D0%B0%D1%80" title="1991 ар – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="1991 ар" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991%D8%A1" title="1991ء – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="1991ء" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991_-_%D9%8A%D9%89%D9%84%D9%89" title="1991 - يىلى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="1991 - يىلى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991_nienz" title="1991 nienz – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="1991 nienz" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%B8%80%E4%B9%9D%E4%B9%9D%E4%B8%80%E5%B9%B4" title="一九九一年 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="一九九一年" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991%E5%B9%B4" title="1991年 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="1991年" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991%E5%B9%B4" title="1991年 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="1991年" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991%E5%B9%B4" title="1991年 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="1991年" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/1991" title="1991 – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="1991" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tolışi</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2062#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/1991" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:1991" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >English </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/1991">Read</a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1991&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1991&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/1991">Read</a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1991&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1991&action=history">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/1991" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j">What links here</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/1991" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k">Related changes</a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u">Upload file</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1991&oldid=1281498210" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page">Permanent link</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1991&action=info" title="More information about this page">Page information</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=1991&id=1281498210&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page">Cite this page</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F1991">Get shortened URL</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F1991">Download QR code</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=1991&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file">Download as PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1991&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p">Printable version</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/1991" hreflang="en">Wikimedia Commons</a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/1991" hreflang="en">Wikiquote</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2062" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g">Wikidata item</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-indicator-fr-review-status" class="mw-indicator"><indicator name="fr-review-status" class="mw-fr-review-status-indicator" id="mw-fr-revision-toggle">Checked</indicator></div> <div id="mw-indicator-pp-autoreview" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy#pending" title="All edits by unregistered and new users are subject to review prior to becoming visible to unregistered users"><img alt="Page protected with pending changes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b7/Pending-protection-shackle.svg/20px-Pending-protection-shackle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b7/Pending-protection-shackle.svg/30px-Pending-protection-shackle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/b7/Pending-protection-shackle.svg/40px-Pending-protection-shackle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><div id="mw-fr-revision-messages"><div id="mw-fr-revision-details" class="mw-fr-revision-details-dialog" style="display:none;"><div tabindex="0"></div><div class="cdx-dialog cdx-dialog--horizontal-actions"><header class="cdx-dialog__header cdx-dialog__header--default"><div class="cdx-dialog__header__title-group"><h2 class="cdx-dialog__header__title">Page version status</h2>This is an accepted version of this page</div><button class="cdx-button cdx-button--action-default cdx-button--weight-quiet
							cdx-button--size-medium cdx-button--icon-only cdx-dialog__header__close-button" aria-label="Close" onclick="document.getElementById("mw-fr-revision-details").style.display = "none";" type="submit"></button></header><div class="cdx-dialog__body">This is the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pending_changes" title="Wikipedia:Pending changes">latest accepted revision</a>, <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Log&type=review&page=1991">reviewed</a> on 20 March 2025.</div></div><div tabindex="0"></div></div></div></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1255975824">.mw-parser-output .events-by-month{margin:0.5em 0;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;background-color:var(--background-color-base,white);font-size:88%;text-align:center;color:var(--color-emphasized,#101418)}</style><div class="events-by-month" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="1991-label"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"> <dl><dt><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1991</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/January_1991" class="mw-redirect" title="January 1991">January</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/February_1991" class="mw-redirect" title="February 1991">February</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/March_1991" class="mw-redirect" title="March 1991">March</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/April_1991" class="mw-redirect" title="April 1991">April</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/May_1991" class="mw-redirect" title="May 1991">May</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/June_1991" class="mw-redirect" title="June 1991">June</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/July_1991" class="mw-redirect" title="July 1991">July</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/August_1991" class="mw-redirect" title="August 1991">August</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/September_1991" class="mw-redirect" title="September 1991">September</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/October_1991" class="mw-redirect" title="October 1991">October</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/November_1991" class="mw-redirect" title="November 1991">November</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/December_1991" class="mw-redirect" title="December 1991">December</a></dd></dl> </div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1273380762/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner span:not(.skin-invert-image):not(.skin-invert):not(.bg-transparent) img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:332px;max-width:332px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:122px;max-width:122px"><div class="thumbimage" style="border:none;b;height:76px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Serb_T-55_Battle_of_the_Barracks.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Serb_T-55_Battle_of_the_Barracks.JPG/120px-Serb_T-55_Battle_of_the_Barracks.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Serb_T-55_Battle_of_the_Barracks.JPG/180px-Serb_T-55_Battle_of_the_Barracks.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Serb_T-55_Battle_of_the_Barracks.JPG/240px-Serb_T-55_Battle_of_the_Barracks.JPG 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="380" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:66px;max-width:66px"><div class="thumbimage" style="border:none;b;height:76px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Ausbruch_des_Pinatubo_1991.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Ausbruch_des_Pinatubo_1991.jpg/120px-Ausbruch_des_Pinatubo_1991.jpg" decoding="async" width="64" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Ausbruch_des_Pinatubo_1991.jpg/250px-Ausbruch_des_Pinatubo_1991.jpg 2x" data-file-width="665" data-file-height="790" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:137px;max-width:137px"><div class="thumbimage" style="border:none;b;height:76px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Lauda_air_flight_004.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Lauda_air_flight_004.jpg/135px-Lauda_air_flight_004.jpg" decoding="async" width="135" height="76" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Lauda_air_flight_004.jpg/203px-Lauda_air_flight_004.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Lauda_air_flight_004.jpg/270px-Lauda_air_flight_004.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="540" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:104px;max-width:104px"><div class="thumbimage" style="border:none;b;height:65px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:USAF_F-16A_F-15C_F-15E_Desert_Storm_edit2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/USAF_F-16A_F-15C_F-15E_Desert_Storm_edit2.jpg/120px-USAF_F-16A_F-15C_F-15E_Desert_Storm_edit2.jpg" decoding="async" width="102" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/USAF_F-16A_F-15C_F-15E_Desert_Storm_edit2.jpg/250px-USAF_F-16A_F-15C_F-15E_Desert_Storm_edit2.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1274" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:118px;max-width:118px"><div class="thumbimage" style="border:none;b;height:65px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Boris_Yeltsin_22_August_1991-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Boris_Yeltsin_22_August_1991-1.jpg/116px-Boris_Yeltsin_22_August_1991-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="116" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Boris_Yeltsin_22_August_1991-1.jpg/174px-Boris_Yeltsin_22_August_1991-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Boris_Yeltsin_22_August_1991-1.jpg/232px-Boris_Yeltsin_22_August_1991-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1360" data-file-height="765" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:104px;max-width:104px"><div class="thumbimage" style="border:none;b;height:65px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Moby_Prince.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Moby_Prince.jpg/120px-Moby_Prince.jpg" decoding="async" width="102" height="65" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Moby_Prince.jpg/250px-Moby_Prince.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="509" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:109px;max-width:109px"><div class="thumbimage" style="border:none;b;height:71px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Flooded_village_after_1991_cyclone.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flooded_village_after_1991_cyclone.jpg/107px-Flooded_village_after_1991_cyclone.jpg" decoding="async" width="107" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flooded_village_after_1991_cyclone.jpg/161px-Flooded_village_after_1991_cyclone.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flooded_village_after_1991_cyclone.jpg/214px-Flooded_village_after_1991_cyclone.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2830" data-file-height="1890" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:109px;max-width:109px"><div class="thumbimage" style="border:none;b;height:71px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:George_Bush_and_Mikhail_Gorbachev_sign_the_START_1991.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/George_Bush_and_Mikhail_Gorbachev_sign_the_START_1991.jpg/107px-George_Bush_and_Mikhail_Gorbachev_sign_the_START_1991.jpg" decoding="async" width="107" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/George_Bush_and_Mikhail_Gorbachev_sign_the_START_1991.jpg/161px-George_Bush_and_Mikhail_Gorbachev_sign_the_START_1991.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/George_Bush_and_Mikhail_Gorbachev_sign_the_START_1991.jpg/214px-George_Bush_and_Mikhail_Gorbachev_sign_the_START_1991.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:108px;max-width:108px"><div class="thumbimage" style="border:none;b;height:71px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Nationair_DC-8-61_C-GMXQ_FAO_1989.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Nationair_DC-8-61_C-GMXQ_FAO_1989.png/106px-Nationair_DC-8-61_C-GMXQ_FAO_1989.png" decoding="async" width="106" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Nationair_DC-8-61_C-GMXQ_FAO_1989.png/159px-Nationair_DC-8-61_C-GMXQ_FAO_1989.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Nationair_DC-8-61_C-GMXQ_FAO_1989.png/212px-Nationair_DC-8-61_C-GMXQ_FAO_1989.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="692" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">From left to right, top to bottom: <ul><li>A destroyed Serbian T-55 tank during the <a href="/wiki/Croatian_War_of_Independence" title="Croatian War of Independence">Croatian War of Independence</a>, the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Wars" title="Yugoslav Wars">Yugoslav Wars</a>;</li> <li>the <a href="/wiki/1991_eruption_of_Mount_Pinatubo" title="1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo">eruption of Mount Pinatubo</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippines</a>, the second-most powerful eruption of the 20th century;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauda_Air_Flight_004" title="Lauda Air Flight 004">Lauda Air Flight 004</a> crashes, killing all 223 on board;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/USAF" class="mw-redirect" title="USAF">USAF</a> aircraft fly over burned-out <a href="/wiki/Kuwaiti_oil_fires" title="Kuwaiti oil fires">Kuwaiti oil fields</a> towards the end of the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a>;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Yeltsin" title="Boris Yeltsin">Boris Yeltsin</a> waves the new <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Russia" title="Flag of Russia">Russian flag</a> after the <a href="/wiki/1991_Soviet_coup_d%27etat_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="1991 Soviet coup d'etat attempt">1991 Soviet coup d'etat attempt</a>;</li> <li>the MV Moby Prince, which <a href="/wiki/Moby_Prince_disaster" title="Moby Prince disaster">collides with an oil tanker</a> in <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, causing a disastrous fire and 140 deaths;</li> <li>a flooded village in <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> after a <a href="/wiki/1991_Bangladesh_cyclone" title="1991 Bangladesh cyclone">cyclone killed 138,866 people</a>;</li> <li>the United States and soon-to-be <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">dissolved</a> <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> sign the <a href="/wiki/START_I" title="START I">START I</a> treaty;</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigeria_Airways_Flight_2120" title="Nigeria Airways Flight 2120">Nigeria Airways Flight 2120</a> crashes on runway during emergency landing, cause all 261 people death.</li></ul></div></div></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the year 1991. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/1991_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="1991 (disambiguation)">1991 (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Calendar year</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Years</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Millennium</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd millennium</a></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Centuries</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/19th_century" title="19th century">19th century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20th_century" title="20th century">20th century</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/21st_century" title="21st century">21st century</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Decades</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1970s" title="1970s">1970s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1980s" title="1980s">1980s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1990s" title="1990s">1990s</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/2000s" title="2000s">2000s</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010s" title="2010s">2010s</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/List_of_years" title="List of years">Years</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AD_1988" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1988">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1989" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1989">1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1990" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1990">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1991" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1991">1991</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1992" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1992">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1993" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1993">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AD_1994" class="mw-redirect" title="AD 1994">1994</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Year_nav" title="Template:Year nav"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Year_nav" title="Template talk:Year nav"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Year_nav" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Year nav"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330" /><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Category:1991" title="Category:1991">1991 by topic</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #f3f3f3"> Subject</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_animation" title="1991 in animation">Animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_archaeology" title="1991 in archaeology">Archaeology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_architecture" title="1991 in architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_art" title="1991 in art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_aviation" title="1991 in aviation">Aviation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1991_awards" title="Category:1991 awards">Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_comics" title="1991 in comics">Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_film" title="1991 in film">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_literature" title="1991 in literature">Literature</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_poetry" title="1991 in poetry">Poetry</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1991_meteorology" title="Category:1991 meteorology">Meteorology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_music" title="1991 in music">Music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_country_music" title="1991 in country music">Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_heavy_metal_music" title="1991 in heavy metal music">Heavy metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_hip_hop_music" class="mw-redirect" title="1991 in hip hop music">Hip hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_jazz" title="1991 in jazz">Jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_Latin_music" title="1991 in Latin music">Latin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_rail_transport" title="1991 in rail transport">Rail transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_radio" title="1991 in radio">Radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_science" title="1991 in science">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_spaceflight" title="1991 in spaceflight">Spaceflight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_sports" title="1991 in sports">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_association_football" title="1991 in association football">Football</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_television" title="1991 in television">Television</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_American_television" title="1991 in American television">American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_Australian_television" title="1991 in Australian television">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_Belgian_television" title="1991 in Belgian television">Belgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_Brazilian_television" title="1991 in Brazilian television">Brazilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_British_television" title="1991 in British television">British</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_Scottish_television" title="1991 in Scottish television">Scottish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_Canadian_television" title="1991 in Canadian television">Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_Danish_television" title="1991 in Danish television">Danish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_Irish_television" title="1991 in Irish television">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_Italian_television" title="1991 in Italian television">Italian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_video_games" title="1991 in video games">Video games</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #f3f3f3"> By country</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_Afghanistan" title="1991 in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_Argentina" title="1991 in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_Australia" title="1991 in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_Bangladesh" title="1991 in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_Belgium" title="1991 in Belgium">Belgium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_Brazil" title="1991 in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_Bulgaria" class="mw-redirect" title="1991 in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_Canada" title="1991 in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_China" title="1991 in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_Colombia" title="1991 in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_Denmark" title="1991 in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_Finland" title="1991 in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_France" title="1991 in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_Germany" title="1991 in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_India" title="1991 in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_Ireland" title="1991 in Ireland">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_Iran" title="1991 in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_Israel" title="1991 in Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_Japan" title="1991 in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_Kuwait" title="1991 in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_Luxembourg" title="1991 in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_Malaysia" title="1991 in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_Mexico" title="1991 in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_the_Netherlands" title="1991 in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_New_Zealand" title="1991 in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_Norway" title="1991 in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_Pakistan" title="1991 in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_the_Philippines" title="1991 in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_Portugal" title="1991 in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="1991 in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_Singapore" title="1991 in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_South_Africa" title="1991 in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_South_Korea" title="1991 in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_the_Soviet_Union" class="mw-redirect" title="1991 in the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_Spain" title="1991 in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_Sweden" title="1991 in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_Switzerland" title="1991 in Switzerland">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_Thailand" title="1991 in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_Turkey" title="1991 in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_Ukraine" title="1991 in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="1991 in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_the_United_States" title="1991 in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_Zimbabwe" class="mw-redirect" title="1991 in Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #f3f3f3"> Lists of leaders</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_in_1991" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sovereign states in 1991">Sovereign states</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_state_leaders_in_1991" class="mw-redirect" title="List of state leaders in 1991">Sovereign state leaders</a> </li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_governors_of_dependent_territories_in_the_20th_century" title="List of governors of dependent territories in the 20th century">Territorial governors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_20th-century_religious_leaders" title="List of 20th-century religious leaders">Religious leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1991_in_law" title="Category:1991 in law">Law</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #f3f3f3"> Birth and death categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1991_births" title="Category:1991 births">Births</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1991_deaths" title="Category:1991 deaths">Deaths</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #f3f3f3"> Establishments and disestablishments categories</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1991_establishments" title="Category:1991 establishments">Establishments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1991_disestablishments" title="Category:1991 disestablishments">Disestablishments</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background-color: #f3f3f3"> Works category</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1991_works" title="Category:1991 works">Works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:1991_introductions" title="Category:1991 introductions">Introductions</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:C20_year_in_topic" title="Template:C20 year in topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:C20_year_in_topic" title="Template talk:C20 year in topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:C20_year_in_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:C20 year in topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox vevent" style="width:22em"><caption style="font-size:125%">1991 in various <a href="/wiki/Calendar_era" title="Calendar era">calendars</a></caption><tbody><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a></td><td>1991 MCMXCI</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ab_urbe_condita" title="Ab urbe condita">Ab urbe condita</a></td><td>2744</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Armenian_calendar" title="Armenian calendar">Armenian calendar</a></td><td>1440 ԹՎ ՌՆԽ</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_calendar" title="Assyrian calendar">Assyrian calendar</a></td><td>6741</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%CA%BC%C3%AD_calendar" title="Baháʼí calendar">Baháʼí calendar</a></td><td>147–148</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Balinese_saka_calendar" title="Balinese saka calendar">Balinese saka calendar</a></td><td>1912–1913</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Bengali_calendar" title="Bengali calendar">Bengali calendar</a></td><td>1397–1398</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Berber_calendar" title="Berber calendar">Berber calendar</a></td><td>2941</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Regnal_years_of_English_and_British_monarchs" title="Regnal years of English and British monarchs">British Regnal year</a></td><td>39 <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Eliz. 2</a> – 40 <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Eliz. 2</a></td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Buddhist_calendar" title="Buddhist calendar">Buddhist calendar</a></td><td>2535</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Burmese_calendar" title="Burmese calendar">Burmese calendar</a></td><td>1353</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_calendar" title="Byzantine calendar">Byzantine calendar</a></td><td>7499–7500</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Chinese_calendar" title="Chinese calendar">Chinese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Sexagenary_cycle" title="Sexagenary cycle">庚午</a>年 (Metal <a href="/wiki/Horse_(zodiac)" title="Horse (zodiac)">Horse</a>) 4688 or 4481     — to — 辛未年 (Metal <a href="/wiki/Goat_(zodiac)" title="Goat (zodiac)">Goat</a>) 4689 or 4482</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Coptic_calendar" title="Coptic calendar">Coptic calendar</a></td><td>1707–1708</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Discordian_calendar" title="Discordian calendar">Discordian calendar</a></td><td>3157</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_calendar" title="Ethiopian calendar">Ethiopian calendar</a></td><td>1983–1984</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_calendar" title="Hebrew calendar">Hebrew calendar</a></td><td>5751–5752</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Hindu_calendar" title="Hindu calendar">Hindu calendars</a></td><td></td></tr><tr><td> - <a href="/wiki/Vikram_Samvat" title="Vikram Samvat">Vikram Samvat</a></td><td>2047–2048</td></tr><tr><td> - <a href="/wiki/Indian_national_calendar" title="Indian national calendar">Shaka Samvat</a></td><td>1912–1913</td></tr><tr><td> - <a href="/wiki/Kali_Yuga" title="Kali Yuga">Kali Yuga</a></td><td>5091–5092</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Holocene_calendar" title="Holocene calendar">Holocene calendar</a></td><td>11991</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Igbo_calendar" title="Igbo calendar">Igbo calendar</a></td><td>991–992</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Iranian_calendars" title="Iranian calendars">Iranian calendar</a></td><td>1369–1370</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Islamic_calendar" title="Islamic calendar">Islamic calendar</a></td><td>1411–1412</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Japanese_calendar" title="Japanese calendar">Japanese calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Heisei" class="mw-redirect" title="Heisei">Heisei</a> 3 (平成３年)</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Javanese_calendar" title="Javanese calendar">Javanese calendar</a></td><td>1923–1924</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Juche_calendar" title="Juche calendar">Juche calendar</a></td><td>80</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Julian_calendar" title="Julian calendar">Julian calendar</a></td><td>Gregorian minus 13 days</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Korean_calendar" title="Korean calendar">Korean calendar</a></td><td>4324</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Minguo_calendar" class="mw-redirect" title="Minguo calendar">Minguo calendar</a></td><td><a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">ROC</a> 80 民國80年</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Nanakshahi_calendar" title="Nanakshahi calendar">Nanakshahi calendar</a></td><td>523</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Thai_solar_calendar" title="Thai solar calendar">Thai solar calendar</a></td><td>2534</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_calendar" title="Tibetan calendar">Tibetan calendar</a></td><td>阳金马年 (male Iron-<a href="/wiki/Horse_(zodiac)" title="Horse (zodiac)">Horse</a>) 2117 or 1736 or 964     — to — 阴金羊年 (female Iron-<a href="/wiki/Goat_(zodiac)" title="Goat (zodiac)">Goat</a>) 2118 or 1737 or 965</td></tr><tr><td><a href="/wiki/Unix_time" title="Unix time">Unix time</a></td><td>662688000 – 694223999</td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/60px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:1991" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:1991">1991</a>.</div></div> </div> 1991 (<a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">MCMXCI</a>) was a <a href="/wiki/Common_year_starting_on_Tuesday" title="Common year starting on Tuesday">common year starting on Tuesday</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_calendar" title="Gregorian calendar">Gregorian calendar</a>, the 1991st year of the <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">Common Era</a> (CE) and <a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">Anno Domini</a> (AD) designations, the 991st year of the <a href="/wiki/2nd_millennium" title="2nd millennium">2nd millennium</a>, the 91st year of the <a href="/wiki/20th_century" title="20th century">20th century</a>, and the 2nd year of the <a href="/wiki/1990s" title="1990s">1990s</a> decade. <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Calendar year</div> It was the final year of the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>, which had begun in <a href="/wiki/1947" title="1947">1947</a>. During the year, the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Dissolution of the Soviet Union">collapsed</a>, leaving <a href="/wiki/Post-soviet_states" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-soviet states">fifteen sovereign republics</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Independent_States" title="Commonwealth of Independent States">CIS</a> in its place. In July 1991, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a> abandoned its policies of <a href="/wiki/Dirigism" class="mw-redirect" title="Dirigism">dirigism</a>, <a href="/wiki/License_raj" class="mw-redirect" title="License raj">license raj</a> and <a href="/wiki/Autarky" title="Autarky">autarky</a> and began extensive <a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalisation_in_India" title="Economic liberalisation in India">liberalisation</a> to its economy. This increased <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_India" title="Economy of India">GDP</a> but also increased <a href="/wiki/Income_inequality_in_India" title="Income inequality in India">income inequality</a> over the next two decades.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> A <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">UN</a>-authorized <a href="/wiki/Coalition_of_the_Gulf_War" title="Coalition of the Gulf War">coalition force</a> from 34 nations fought against <a href="/wiki/Ba%27athist_Iraq" title="Ba'athist Iraq">Iraq</a>, which had <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Kuwait" class="mw-redirect" title="Invasion of Kuwait">invaded</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kuwait_Governorate" title="Kuwait Governorate">annexed</a> <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a> in the previous year, <a href="/wiki/1990" title="1990">1990</a>. The conflict would be called the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a> and would mark the beginning of a since-constant American military presence in the Middle East. The clash between <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Serbia_(1990%E2%80%932006)" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Serbia (1990–2006)">Serbia</a> and the other <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Yugoslav</a> republics would lead into the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Wars" title="Yugoslav Wars">Yugoslav Wars</a>, which ran through the rest of the decade. In the context of the <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">apartheid</a>, the year after the liberation of political prisoner <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a>, the Parliament of South Africa <a href="/wiki/Population_Registration_Act_Repeal_Act,_1991" title="Population Registration Act Repeal Act, 1991">repeals the Population Registration Act, 1950</a>, overturning the racial classification of the population, a key component of apartheid.<a href="#cite_note-latimes-2">[2]</a> The year 1991 saw the rise of a ten-year-long <a href="/wiki/1990s_United_States_boom" title="1990s United States boom">boost of the US domestic economy</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Dow_Jones_Industrial_Average" title="Dow Jones Industrial Average">Dow Jones Industrial Average</a> remarkably closing in April at above 3,000 for the first time.<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> This situation would only be cut short by the <a href="/wiki/Dot-com_bubble" title="Dot-com bubble">Dot-com bubble</a> of 2000–2002. In August, the <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a>, originally conceived during the previous year, was released outside <a href="/wiki/CERN" title="CERN">CERN</a> to other research institutions starting in January 1991 and publicly announced in August, also establishing the first website ever, "info.cern.ch". This step was a key factor that led to the mid-1990s public breakthrough of the internet, which would eventually accelerate the already ongoing <a href="/wiki/Globalization" title="Globalization">globalization</a> around the globe. In terms of <a href="/wiki/Popular_culture" title="Popular culture">popular culture</a>, during this year <a href="/wiki/Alternative_rock" title="Alternative rock">alternative rock</a> saw a new height of popularity when some of the earliest music exponents of the virtually unknown <a href="/wiki/Grunge" title="Grunge">grunge</a> sound were released, including the influential <a href="/wiki/Nevermind" title="Nevermind">Nevermind</a> album by Seattle-based band <a href="/wiki/Nirvana_(band)" title="Nirvana (band)">Nirvana</a> in September 1991.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> It was also in 1991 that <a href="/wiki/Hip-hop_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip-hop music">hip-hop music</a> reached an unprecedented mainstream level of success.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> <a href="/wiki/Electronic_music" title="Electronic music">Electronic music derivative forms</a> were also starting to gain momentum and would define, along with the previous scenes, the sound for most of the decade. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886046785">.mw-parser-output .toclimit-2 .toclevel-1 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-3 .toclevel-2 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-4 .toclevel-3 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-5 .toclevel-4 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-6 .toclevel-5 ul,.mw-parser-output .toclimit-7 .toclevel-6 ul{display:none}</style><div class="toclimit-2"><meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1991&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Events">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="January">January</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1991&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: January">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1" title="January 1">January 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Czechoslovakia" class="mw-redirect" title="Socialist Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a> becomes the second <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern European</a> country to abandon its <a href="/wiki/Command_economy" class="mw-redirect" title="Command economy">command economy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_5" title="January 5">January 5</a> – <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgian</a> troops attack <a href="/wiki/Tskhinvali" title="Tskhinvali">Tskhinvali</a>, the capital of <a href="/wiki/South_Ossetia" title="South Ossetia">South Ossetia</a>, starting the <a href="/wiki/1991%E2%80%9392_South_Ossetia_War" class="mw-redirect" title="1991–92 South Ossetia War">1991–92 South Ossetia War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_7" title="January 7">January 7</a> – <a href="/wiki/1991_Haitian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1991 Haitian coup d'état">1991 Haitian coup d'état</a>: An attempted coup by the <a href="/wiki/Tonton_Macoute" title="Tonton Macoute">Tonton Macoute</a>, a paramilitary force under former dictator <a href="/wiki/Jean-Claude_Duvalier" title="Jean-Claude Duvalier">Jean-Claude Duvalier</a>, is thwarted in Haiti.<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> On July 30, he is convicted by a jury of attempting to overthrow the country's first <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Haiti" title="Government of Haiti">democratically elected government</a>.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_9" title="January 9">January 9</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gulf_War" title="Gulf War">Gulf War</a>: <a href="/wiki/U.S._Secretary_of_State" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Secretary of State">U.S. Secretary of State</a> <a href="/wiki/James_Baker" title="James Baker">James Baker</a> meets with <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_Foreign_Minister" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraqi Foreign Minister">Iraqi Foreign Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Tariq_Aziz" title="Tariq Aziz">Tariq Aziz</a> but fails to produce a plan for the withdrawal of <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Kuwait" class="mw-redirect" title="Invasion of Kuwait">Iraqi troops from Kuwait</a>.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a></li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Sebokeng" title="Sebokeng">Sebokeng</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>, gunmen open fire on mourners attending the funeral of an <a href="/wiki/African_National_Congress" title="African National Congress">African National Congress</a> leader, killing 45 people.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_12" title="January 12">January 12</a> – Gulf War: The <a href="/wiki/102nd_United_States_Congress" title="102nd United States Congress">102nd</a> <a href="/wiki/U.S._Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Congress">U.S. Congress</a> passes a <a href="/wiki/Authorization_for_Use_of_Military_Force_Against_Iraq_Resolution_of_1991" title="Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq Resolution of 1991">resolution</a> authorizing the use of <a href="/wiki/Liberation_of_Kuwait_campaign" title="Liberation of Kuwait campaign">military force</a> to expel <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraqi forces">Iraqi forces</a> from <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a>.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_13" title="January 13">January 13</a> – <a href="/wiki/Singing_Revolution" title="Singing Revolution">Singing Revolution</a>: <a href="/wiki/Soviet" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet">Soviet</a> forces storm <a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a> to stop <a href="/wiki/Act_of_the_Re-Establishment_of_the_State_of_Lithuania" title="Act of the Re-Establishment of the State of Lithuania">Lithuanian independence</a>, <a href="/wiki/January_Events_(Lithuania)" class="mw-redirect" title="January Events (Lithuania)">killing 14 civilians</a> and injuring 702 more. In <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a>, a <a href="/wiki/The_Barricades" title="The Barricades">series of confrontations</a> between the <a href="/wiki/Latvian_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Latvian government">Latvian government</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet government">Soviet government</a> take place in <a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga</a>.<a href="#cite_note-bbc-onthisday-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> Lithuania formally declares independence on February 16, and voters in <a href="/wiki/1991_Estonian_independence_referendum" title="1991 Estonian independence referendum">Estonia</a> and <a href="/wiki/1991_Latvian_independence_and_democracy_referendum" title="1991 Latvian independence and democracy referendum">Latvia</a> vote for independence on March 3.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_15" title="January 15">January 15</a> <ul><li>Gulf War: The <a href="/wiki/UN" class="mw-redirect" title="UN">UN</a> deadline for the withdrawal of <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_forces" class="mw-redirect" title="Iraqi forces">Iraqi forces</a> from <a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Kuwait" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupation of Kuwait">occupied Kuwait</a> expires, preparing the way for the start of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Desert_Storm" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Desert Storm">Operation Desert Storm</a>.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Cape_Verde" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Cape Verde">Prime Minister of Cape Verde</a> <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Pires" title="Pedro Pires">Pedro Pires</a> resigns following <a href="/wiki/African_Party_for_the_Independence_of_Cape_Verde" title="African Party for the Independence of Cape Verde">his party</a>'s loss in the <a href="/wiki/1991_Cape_Verdean_parliamentary_election" title="1991 Cape Verdean parliamentary election">Cape Verdean parliamentary election</a>, the first ever <a href="/wiki/Multi-party_system" title="Multi-party system">multiparty election</a> in an <a href="/wiki/Africa" title="Africa">African nation</a>. Later on February 17, <a href="/wiki/Ant%C3%B3nio_Mascarenhas_Monteiro" title="António Mascarenhas Monteiro">António Mascarenhas Monteiro</a> wins the <a href="/wiki/1991_Cape_Verdean_presidential_election" title="1991 Cape Verdean presidential election">country's first multiparty presidential election</a> since 1975.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_16" title="January 16">January 16</a> – Gulf War: <a href="/wiki/Operation_Desert_Storm" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Desert Storm">Operation Desert Storm</a> begins with air strikes against <a href="/wiki/Ba%27athist_Iraq" title="Ba'athist Iraq">Iraq</a>.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_17" title="January 17">January 17</a> <ul><li>Gulf War: Iraq fires eight <a href="/wiki/Scud" class="mw-redirect" title="Scud">Scud</a> missiles into Israel. <a href="/wiki/Iraq%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="Iraq–Israel relations">Iraqi attacks</a> continue with 15 people injured in <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv" title="Tel Aviv">Tel Aviv</a> on January 19 and 96 people injured in <a href="/wiki/Ramat_Gan" title="Ramat Gan">Ramat Gan</a> on January 22.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a><a href="#cite_note-autogenerated4-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harald_V_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="Harald V of Norway">Harald V of Norway</a> becomes the <a href="/wiki/King_of_Norway" class="mw-redirect" title="King of Norway">king of Norway</a> after the death of his father, <a href="/wiki/Olav_V" title="Olav V">Olav V</a>.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_18" title="January 18">January 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Air_Lines" title="Eastern Air Lines">Eastern Air Lines</a> shuts down after 62 years of operations, citing financial problems. Later on December 4, <a href="/wiki/Pan_American_World_Airways" class="mw-redirect" title="Pan American World Airways">Pan American World Airways</a> ceases its operations.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_22" title="January 22">January 22</a> – Gulf War: The <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a> <a href="/wiki/Special_Air_Service" title="Special Air Service">SAS</a> patrol, <a href="/wiki/Bravo_Two_Zero" title="Bravo Two Zero">Bravo Two Zero</a>, is deployed in Iraq.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_24" title="January 24">January 24</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Papua_New_Guinea" class="mw-redirect" title="Government of Papua New Guinea">government of Papua New Guinea</a> signs a peace agreement with <a href="/wiki/Bougainville_Revolutionary_Army" title="Bougainville Revolutionary Army">separatist leaders</a> from <a href="/wiki/Bougainville_Island" title="Bougainville Island">Bougainville Island</a>, ending <a href="/wiki/Bougainville_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Bougainville Civil War">fighting</a> that had gone on since <a href="/wiki/1988" title="1988">1988</a>.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_26" title="January 26">January 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/President_of_Somalia" title="President of Somalia">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Siad_Barre" title="Siad Barre">Siad Barre</a> is overthrown, and <a href="/wiki/Somali_Democratic_Republic" title="Somali Democratic Republic">Somalia</a> enters a <a href="/wiki/Somali_civil_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Somali civil war">civil war</a>. Three days later, <a href="/wiki/Ali_Mahdi_Muhammad" title="Ali Mahdi Muhammad">Ali Mahdi Muhammad</a> is inaugurated as the next president.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/January_29" title="January 29">January 29</a> <ul><li>In <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nelson_Mandela" title="Nelson Mandela">Nelson Mandela</a> of the <a href="/wiki/African_National_Congress" title="African National Congress">African National Congress</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mangosuthu_Buthelezi" title="Mangosuthu Buthelezi">Mangosuthu Buthelezi</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Inkatha_Freedom_Party" title="Inkatha Freedom Party">Inkatha Freedom Party</a> agree to end violence between the two organizations.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a></li> <li>Gulf War: The first major ground engagement of the war, the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Khafji" title="Battle of Khafji">Battle of Khafji</a>, begins. The battle lasts until February 1.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="February">February</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1991&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: February">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/February_1" title="February 1">February 1</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/USAir_Flight_1493" class="mw-redirect" title="USAir Flight 1493">USAir Flight 1493</a> collides with a <a href="/wiki/SkyWest_Airlines" title="SkyWest Airlines">SkyWest Airlines</a> <a href="/wiki/Fairchild_Swearingen_Metroliner" title="Fairchild Swearingen Metroliner">Fairchild Metroliner</a> at <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_International_Airport" title="Los Angeles International Airport">Los Angeles International Airport</a>, killing 34 people.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a></li> <li>A 6.4 <a href="/wiki/Seismic_magnitude_scales#mb" title="Seismic magnitude scales"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style>mb</a> <a href="/wiki/1991_Hindu_Kush_earthquake" title="1991 Hindu Kush earthquake">Hindu Kush earthquake</a> causes severe damage in <a href="/wiki/Wakhan_Corridor" title="Wakhan Corridor">northeast Afghanistan</a>, leaving 848 dead and 200 injured.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-NGDC_EQ_list-38">[38]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_6" title="February 6">February 6</a> - A Boeing KC-135E Stratotanker was involved in an accident when two engines on the left wing detached from the aircraft. The pilots managed to execute an emergency landing saving all four crew members onboard. The aircraft was later repaired and returned to service.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_7" title="February 7">February 7</a> <ul><li>1991 Haitian coup d'état: <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a>'s first democratically elected president, <a href="/wiki/Jean-Bertrand_Aristide" title="Jean-Bertrand Aristide">Jean-Bertrand Aristide</a>, is sworn in.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> He is <a href="/wiki/1991_Haitian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1991 Haitian coup d'état">ousted on September 30</a> and later <a href="/wiki/Operation_Uphold_Democracy" title="Operation Uphold Democracy">reinstated in 1994</a>. In response to the coup and in an effort to encourage the coup leaders to <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Haiti" title="Politics of Haiti">restore democracy</a>, the <a href="/wiki/U.S." class="mw-redirect" title="U.S.">U.S.</a> expands <a href="/wiki/Haiti%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Haiti–United States relations">trade sanctions on Haiti</a> to include all goods except food and medicine on October 29.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army" title="Provisional Irish Republican Army">Provisional Irish Republican Army</a> launches a <a href="/wiki/Downing_Street_mortar_attack" title="Downing Street mortar attack">mortar attack on 10 Downing Street</a> during a <a href="/wiki/Cabinet_(government)" title="Cabinet (government)">cabinet meeting</a>.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a></li> <li>Gulf War: Ground troops cross the <a href="/wiki/Saudi%E2%80%93Kuwaiti_neutral_zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudi–Kuwaiti neutral zone">Saudi Arabian border</a> and enter Kuwait, thus starting the ground phase of the war.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_11" title="February 11">February 11</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Unrepresented_Nations_and_Peoples_Organization" title="Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization">Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization</a> (UNPO) is formed in <a href="/wiki/The_Hague" title="The Hague">The Hague</a>, Netherlands.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_13" title="February 13">February 13</a> – Gulf War: Two laser-guided "smart bombs" <a href="/wiki/Amiriyah_shelter_bombing" title="Amiriyah shelter bombing">destroy an underground bunker in Baghdad</a>, killing hundreds of Iraqis. <a href="/wiki/US_military_intelligence" class="mw-redirect" title="US military intelligence">US military intelligence</a> claims it was a military facility while Iraqi officials identify it as a <a href="/wiki/Blast_shelter" title="Blast shelter">bomb shelter</a>.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_15" title="February 15">February 15</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Visegr%C3%A1d_Group" title="Visegrád Group">Visegrád Group</a>, establishing cooperation to move toward <a href="/wiki/Free_market_economy" class="mw-redirect" title="Free market economy">free-market systems</a>, is established by the leaders of <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_18" title="February 18">February 18</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Provisional_Irish_Republican_Army" title="Provisional Irish Republican Army">Provisional Irish Republican Army</a> explodes <a href="/wiki/Bombings_of_Paddington_and_Victoria_stations" title="Bombings of Paddington and Victoria stations">bombs in the early morning</a>, at both <a href="/wiki/London_Paddington_station" title="London Paddington station">Paddington station</a> and <a href="/wiki/London_Victoria_station" title="London Victoria station">Victoria station</a>, in London.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_20" title="February 20">February 20</a> – <a href="/wiki/President_of_Albania" title="President of Albania">President of Albania</a> <a href="/wiki/Ramiz_Alia" title="Ramiz Alia">Ramiz Alia</a> dismisses the government of <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Albania" title="Prime Minister of Albania">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Adil_%C3%87ar%C3%A7ani" title="Adil Çarçani">Adil Çarçani</a> and appoints <a href="/wiki/Fatos_Nano" title="Fatos Nano">Fatos Nano</a> as the next prime minister in an effort to stem <a href="/wiki/Fall_of_communism_in_Albania" title="Fall of communism in Albania">pro-democracy protests</a>.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_22" title="February 22">February 22</a> – Gulf War: <a href="/wiki/Iraq%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Iraq–Russia relations">Iraq accepts a Soviet-proposed</a> cease fire agreement. The U.S. rejects the agreement, instead saying that retreating Iraqi forces will not be attacked if they leave Kuwait within 24 hours.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_23" title="February 23">February 23</a> – In <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>, General <a href="/wiki/Sunthorn_Kongsompong" title="Sunthorn Kongsompong">Sunthorn Kongsompong</a> deposes Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Chatichai_Choonhavan" title="Chatichai Choonhavan">Chatichai Choonhavan</a> in a <a href="/wiki/National_Peace_Keeping_Council" title="National Peace Keeping Council">bloodless coup d'état</a>.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_25" title="February 25">February 25</a> – Gulf War: Part of an Iraqi <a href="/wiki/Scud_missile" title="Scud missile">Scud missile</a> hits an American military barracks in <a href="/wiki/Dhahran" title="Dhahran">Dhahran</a>, Saudi Arabia, killing 29 U.S. soldiers and injuring 99 more. It is the single-most devastating attack on U.S. forces during the war.<a href="#cite_note-iraqwatch.org-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-:0-53">[53]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_26" title="February 26">February 26</a> – Gulf War: On <a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_Iraq" title="Telecommunications in Iraq">Baghdad radio</a>, Iraqi leader <a href="/wiki/Saddam_Hussein" title="Saddam Hussein">Saddam Hussein</a> announces the withdrawal of Iraqi troops from Kuwait. Iraqi soldiers set <a href="/wiki/Kuwaiti_oil_fires" title="Kuwaiti oil fires">fire to Kuwaiti oil fields</a> as they retreat; the fire lasts until November 7.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_27" title="February 27">February 27</a> <ul><li>Gulf War: <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">U.S. President</a> <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">Bush</a> declares victory over Iraq and orders a cease-fire. U.S. troops <a href="/wiki/Operation_Phase_Echo" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Phase Echo">begin to leave</a> the <a href="/wiki/Persian_Gulf" title="Persian Gulf">Persian Gulf</a> on March 10.<a href="#cite_note-:0-53">[53]</a></li> <li>In the <a href="/wiki/1991_Bangladeshi_general_election" title="1991 Bangladeshi general election">Bangladeshi general election</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Nationalist_Party" title="Bangladesh Nationalist Party">Bangladesh Nationalist Party</a> wins 139 of 300 seats in the <a href="/wiki/Jatiyo_Sangshad" class="mw-redirect" title="Jatiyo Sangshad">Jatiyo Sangshad</a>, leading BNP leader <a href="/wiki/Khaleda_Zia" title="Khaleda Zia">Khaleda Zia</a> to become the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Bangladesh" title="President of Bangladesh">president</a> on March 19.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="March">March</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1991&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: March">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_3" title="March 3">March 3</a> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/1991_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9an_presidential_election" title="1991 São Toméan presidential election">first presidential election</a> in the <a href="/wiki/History_of_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="History of São Tomé and Príncipe">history of São Tomé and Príncipe</a> is won by <a href="/wiki/Miguel_Trovoada" title="Miguel Trovoada">Miguel Trovoada</a>.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a></li> <li>A video captures the beating of motorist <a href="/wiki/Rodney_King" title="Rodney King">Rodney King</a> by <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a> police officers. Four <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_police" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles police">Los Angeles police</a> officers are indicted on March 15 for the beating.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYT_19920306-61">[61]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_6" title="March 6">March 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister of India</a> <a href="/wiki/Chandra_Shekhar" title="Chandra Shekhar">Chandra Shekhar</a> resigns following a dispute with former Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Gandhi" title="Rajiv Gandhi">Rajiv Gandhi</a>, whose support had kept him in power.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_9" title="March 9">March 9</a> – <a href="/wiki/1991_protests_in_Belgrade" title="1991 protests in Belgrade">Massive demonstrations</a> are held against <a href="/wiki/Slobodan_Milo%C5%A1evi%C4%87" title="Slobodan Milošević">Slobodan Milošević</a> in <a href="/wiki/Belgrade" title="Belgrade">Belgrade</a>; two people are killed, and <a href="/wiki/Tank" title="Tank">tanks</a> are deployed in the streets.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_10" title="March 10">March 10</a> – Salvadoran Civil War: In the <a href="/wiki/1991_Salvadoran_legislative_election" title="1991 Salvadoran legislative election">Salvadoran legislative election</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Republican_Alliance" title="Nationalist Republican Alliance">Nationalist Republican Alliance</a> wins 39 of the 48 seats in the <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_El_Salvador" title="Legislative Assembly of El Salvador">legislative assembly</a>.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_13" title="March 13">March 13</a> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Justice" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of Justice">U.S. Department of Justice</a> announces that <a href="/wiki/Exxon" class="mw-redirect" title="Exxon">Exxon</a> has agreed to pay $1 billion for the clean-up of the <a href="/wiki/Exxon_Valdez_oil_spill" title="Exxon Valdez oil spill">Exxon Valdez oil spill</a> in <a href="/wiki/Alaska" title="Alaska">Alaska</a>.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Air_Quality_Agreement" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Quality Agreement">Acid Rain Treaty of 1991</a> is signed between the <a href="/wiki/Federal_government_of_the_United_States" title="Federal government of the United States">American</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canadian_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian government">Canadian governments</a>.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_14" title="March 14">March 14</a> <ul><li>Gulf War: <a href="/wiki/Emir_of_Kuwait" title="Emir of Kuwait">Emir of Kuwait</a> <a href="/wiki/Jaber_Al-Ahmad_Al-Sabah" title="Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah">Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah</a> returns to <a href="/wiki/Kuwait" title="Kuwait">Kuwait</a> after seven months of exile in <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Troubles" title="The Troubles">The Troubles</a>: After 16 years in prison for allegedly bombing a <a href="/wiki/Public_house" class="mw-redirect" title="Public house">public house</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Provisional_IRA" class="mw-redirect" title="Provisional IRA">Provisional IRA</a> attack, the "<a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Six" title="Birmingham Six">Birmingham Six</a>" are freed when a court determines that the police fabricated evidence.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_15" title="March 15">March 15</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a> formally regains complete independence after the four <a href="/wiki/Post-World_War_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-World War II">post-World War II</a> <a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Occupation of Germany">occupying powers</a> (<a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, the <a href="/wiki/U.K." class="mw-redirect" title="U.K.">U.K.</a>, the <a href="/wiki/U.S." class="mw-redirect" title="U.S.">U.S.</a> and the <a href="/wiki/U.S.S.R." class="mw-redirect" title="U.S.S.R.">U.S.S.R.</a>) relinquish all remaining rights to the country.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Albania%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Albania–United States relations">U.S. and Albania</a> resume diplomatic relations for the first time <a href="/wiki/Italian_invasion_of_Albania" title="Italian invasion of Albania">since 1939</a>.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_17" title="March 17">March 17</a> <ul><li>Dissolution of the Soviet Union: In <a href="/wiki/1991_Soviet_Union_referendum" title="1991 Soviet Union referendum">a national referendum</a>, 77% of voters in the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> vote in favor of keeping the 15 <a href="/wiki/Soviet_republics" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet republics">Soviet republics</a> together; six Union Republics effectively boycott the referendum.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a><a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a></li> <li>In the <a href="/wiki/1991_Finnish_parliamentary_election" title="1991 Finnish parliamentary election">Finnish parliamentary election</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Centre_Party_(Finland)" title="Centre Party (Finland)">Centre Party</a> wins 55 of 200 seats in the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Finland" title="Parliament of Finland">parliament</a>, ending 25 years of dominance by the <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Finland" title="Social Democratic Party of Finland">Social Democratic Party of Finland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_23" title="March 23">March 23</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Leone_Civil_War" title="Sierra Leone Civil War">Sierra Leone Civil War</a> begins when the <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_United_Front" title="Revolutionary United Front">Revolutionary United Front</a> attempts a coup against the <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Sierra_Leone" title="Politics of Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone government</a>.<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_24" title="March 24">March 24</a> – The <a href="/wiki/1991_Beninese_presidential_election" title="1991 Beninese presidential election">Beninese presidential election</a>, Benin's first presidential election <a href="/wiki/1970_Dahomeyan_presidential_election" title="1970 Dahomeyan presidential election">since 1970</a>, is won by <a href="/wiki/Nic%C3%A9phore_Soglo" title="Nicéphore Soglo">Nicéphore Soglo</a>.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_26" title="March 26">March 26</a> <ul><li>In <a href="/wiki/Mali" title="Mali">Mali</a>, military officers led by <a href="/wiki/Amadou_Toumani_Tour%C3%A9" title="Amadou Toumani Touré">Amadou Toumani Touré</a> arrest <a href="/wiki/President_of_Mali" class="mw-redirect" title="President of Mali">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Moussa_Traor%C3%A9" title="Moussa Traoré">Moussa Traoré</a> and suspend the <a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Mali" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitution of Mali">constitution</a>.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paraguay" title="Paraguay">Paraguay</a> sign the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Asunci%C3%B3n" title="Treaty of Asunción">Treaty of Asunción</a>, establishing <a href="/wiki/Mercosur" title="Mercosur">Mercosur</a>.<a href="#cite_note-81">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_31" title="March 31">March 31</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania" title="Albania">Albania</a> holds its <a href="/wiki/1991_Albanian_Constitutional_Assembly_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1991 Albanian Constitutional Assembly election">first multi-party elections</a> since <a href="/wiki/1923_Albanian_parliamentary_election" title="1923 Albanian parliamentary election">1923</a>. The socialist ruling <a href="/wiki/Party_of_Labour_of_Albania" title="Party of Labour of Albania">Party of Labour of Albania</a> won a landslide victory with 169 of the 250 seats in the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_Albania" title="Parliament of Albania">parliament</a>.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a></li> <li>Dissolution of the Soviet Union: <a href="/wiki/1991_Georgian_independence_referendum" title="1991 Georgian independence referendum">Georgia votes for independence</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> while on April 9, the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Council_of_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Council of Georgia">Supreme Council</a> declares the independent <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of Georgia">Republic of Georgia</a>.</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="April">April</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1991&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: April">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_2" title="April 2">April 2</a> – <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Economy of the Soviet Union">Government-imposed prices</a> increase double or triple the cost of <a href="/wiki/Consumer_goods_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Consumer goods in the Soviet Union">consumer goods in the Soviet Union</a>.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_3" title="April 3">April 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Iraq_disarmament_crisis" title="Iraq disarmament crisis">Iraq disarmament crisis</a>: The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">UN Security Council</a> passes <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_687" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 687">Resolution 687</a>, which calls for the destruction or removal of all of <a href="/wiki/Iraq_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="Iraq and weapons of mass destruction">Iraq's chemical and biological weapons</a> and a complete ban of <a href="/wiki/Ballistic_missile" title="Ballistic missile">ballistic missiles</a> with a range greater than 150 km. It also calls for an end to Iraq's <a href="/wiki/State_Sponsors_of_Terrorism_(U.S._list)" title="State Sponsors of Terrorism (U.S. list)">support for international terrorism</a>; it is accepted by Iraq three days later.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a><a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_4" title="April 4">April 4</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/U.S._senator" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. senator">U.S. Senator</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Heinz" title="John Heinz">John Heinz</a> and six other people are killed when a <a href="/wiki/Merion_air_disaster" class="mw-redirect" title="Merion air disaster">helicopter collides with their plane</a> over <a href="/wiki/Merion_Station,_Pennsylvania" title="Merion Station, Pennsylvania">Merion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a></li> <li>Forty people <a href="/wiki/1991_Sacramento_hostage_crisis" title="1991 Sacramento hostage crisis">are taken hostage</a> in <a href="/wiki/Sacramento,_California" title="Sacramento, California">Sacramento</a>, California; six gunmen and hostages are killed.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a><a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_5" title="April 5">April 5</a> <ul><li>Former <a href="/wiki/U.S._senator" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. senator">U.S. Senator</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Tower" title="John Tower">John Tower</a> and 22 others are killed in <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Southeast_Airlines_Flight_2311" title="Atlantic Southeast Airlines Flight 2311">an airplane crash</a> in <a href="/wiki/Brunswick,_Georgia" title="Brunswick, Georgia">Brunswick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Atlantis" title="Space Shuttle Atlantis">Space Shuttle Atlantis</a> leaves an observatory in Earth's orbit to study <a href="/wiki/Gamma_ray" title="Gamma ray">gamma rays</a> before returning <a href="/wiki/STS-37" title="STS-37">on April 11</a>. It is followed by <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Discovery" title="Space Shuttle Discovery">Space Shuttle Discovery</a>, which studies instruments related to the <a href="/wiki/Strategic_Defense_Initiative" title="Strategic Defense Initiative">Strategic Defense Initiative</a> from <a href="/wiki/STS-39" title="STS-39">April 29 to May 6</a>. <a href="/wiki/Space_Shuttle_Columbia" title="Space Shuttle Columbia">Space Shuttle Columbia</a> carries the <a href="/wiki/Spacelab" title="Spacelab">Spacelab</a> into orbit <a href="/wiki/STS-400" title="STS-400">on June 5</a>.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_9" title="April 9">April 9</a> – The first <a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Soviet troops</a> leave <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_10" title="April 10">April 10</a> <ul><li>A <a href="/wiki/South_Atlantic_tropical_cyclone" title="South Atlantic tropical cyclone">South Atlantic tropical cyclone</a> develops in the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Hemisphere" title="Southern Hemisphere">Southern Hemisphere</a> off the coast of <a href="/wiki/Angola" title="Angola">Angola</a>, the first of its kind to be documented by <a href="/wiki/Weather_satellite" title="Weather satellite">weather satellites</a>.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a></li> <li>The Italian ferry <a href="/wiki/Moby_Prince_disaster" title="Moby Prince disaster">Moby Prince</a> collides with an oil tanker in dense fog off <a href="/wiki/Livorno" title="Livorno">Livorno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, resulting in 140 deaths with one survivor.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_12" title="April 12">April 12</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Stock_Exchange" title="Warsaw Stock Exchange">Warsaw Stock Exchange</a> opens in <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Poland" title="Economy of Poland">Poland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_14" title="April 14">April 14</a> – In the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>, thieves steal 20 paintings worth $500 million from the <a href="/wiki/Van_Gogh_Museum" title="Van Gogh Museum">Van Gogh Museum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a>; they are found in an abandoned car near the museum less than an hour later.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_15" title="April 15">April 15</a> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/European_Bank_for_Reconstruction_and_Development" title="European Bank for Reconstruction and Development">European Bank for Reconstruction and Development</a> (EBRD) is inaugurated.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a></li> <li>End of Apartheid: The <a href="/wiki/European_Economic_Community" title="European Economic Community">European Economic Community</a> lifts <a href="/wiki/Disinvestment_from_South_Africa" title="Disinvestment from South Africa">economic sanctions</a> on <a href="/wiki/South_Africa" title="South Africa">South Africa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_16" title="April 16">April 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/April_18" title="April 18">18</a> – <a href="/wiki/General_Secretary_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union</a> <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a> begins the first ever visit of a <a href="/wiki/Japan%E2%80%93Soviet_Union_relations" title="Japan–Soviet Union relations">Soviet leader to Japan</a>, but fails to resolve the <a href="/wiki/Kuril_Islands_dispute" title="Kuril Islands dispute">two countries' dispute</a> over ownership of the <a href="/wiki/Kuril_Islands" title="Kuril Islands">Kuril Islands</a>.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_17" title="April 17">April 17</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Dow_Jones_Industrial_Average" title="Dow Jones Industrial Average">Dow Jones Industrial Average</a> closes above 3,000 for the first time in history, at 3,004.46.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a><a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_18" title="April 18">April 18</a> – Iraq disarmament crisis: Iraq declares some of its <a href="/wiki/Chemical_weapon" title="Chemical weapon">chemical weapons</a> and materials to the UN, as required by <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_687" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 687">Resolution 687</a>, and claims that it does not have a <a href="/wiki/Biological_weapons" class="mw-redirect" title="Biological weapons">biological weapons</a> program.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_19" title="April 19">April 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/George_Carey" title="George Carey">George Carey</a> is enthroned as <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury" title="Archbishop of Canterbury">Archbishop of Canterbury</a>, the spiritual leader of the worldwide <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion" title="Anglican Communion">Anglican Communion</a>.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_22" title="April 22">April 22</a> <ul><li>A 7.7 <a href="/wiki/Seismic_magnitude_scales#Mw" title="Seismic magnitude scales"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" />Mw</a> <a href="/wiki/1991_Limon_earthquake" title="1991 Limon earthquake">Limon earthquake</a> strikes <a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a> and <a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a> with a maximum Mercalli intensity, causing between 47 and 87 deaths and up to 759 injuries.<a href="#cite_note-106">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[107]</a></li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Taiwan" title="Taiwan">Taiwan</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Temporary_Provisions_against_the_Communist_Rebellion" title="Temporary Provisions against the Communist Rebellion">Temporary Provisions against the Communist Rebellion</a> are abolished, having been in effect for 43 years.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-Feldman-109">[109]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_23" title="April 23">April 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Iceland" title="Prime Minister of Iceland">Prime Minister of Iceland</a> <a href="/wiki/Steingr%C3%ADmur_Hermannsson" title="Steingrímur Hermannsson">Steingrímur Hermannsson</a> resigns following <a href="/wiki/1991_Icelandic_parliamentary_election" title="1991 Icelandic parliamentary election">an inconclusive parliamentary election</a>; he is succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Dav%C3%AD%C3%B0_Oddsson" title="Davíð Oddsson">Davíð Oddsson</a> on April 30.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_26" title="April 26">April 26</a> <ul><li>A series of <a href="/wiki/Tornado_outbreak_of_April_26,_1991" class="mw-redirect" title="Tornado outbreak of April 26, 1991">55 tornadoes</a> break out in the <a href="/wiki/Midwestern_United_States" title="Midwestern United States">central U.S.</a>, killing 21. The most notable tornado strikes <a href="/wiki/Andover,_Kansas" title="Andover, Kansas">Andover</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kansas" title="Kansas">Kansas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esko_Aho" title="Esko Aho">Esko Aho</a> at the age of 36 becomes the youngest-ever <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Finland" title="Prime Minister of Finland">Prime Minister of Finland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a></li></ul></li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1991_Bangladesh_Cyclone_29_apr_1991_0019Z.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/1991_Bangladesh_Cyclone_29_apr_1991_0019Z.jpg/250px-1991_Bangladesh_Cyclone_29_apr_1991_0019Z.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/1991_Bangladesh_Cyclone_29_apr_1991_0019Z.jpg/330px-1991_Bangladesh_Cyclone_29_apr_1991_0019Z.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/1991_Bangladesh_Cyclone_29_apr_1991_0019Z.jpg/500px-1991_Bangladesh_Cyclone_29_apr_1991_0019Z.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="688" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/1991_Bangladesh_Cyclone" class="mw-redirect" title="1991 Bangladesh Cyclone">1991 Bangladesh Cyclone</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/April_29" title="April 29">April 29</a> <ul><li>A <a href="/wiki/1991_Bangladesh_cyclone" title="1991 Bangladesh cyclone">tropical cyclone</a> hits <a href="/wiki/Bangladesh" title="Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a>, killing an estimated 138,000 people.<a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a></li> <li>A 7.0 <a href="/wiki/Seismic_magnitude_scales#Mw" title="Seismic magnitude scales"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319" />Mw</a> <a href="/wiki/1991_Racha_earthquake" title="1991 Racha earthquake">earthquake</a> in <a href="/wiki/Racha" title="Racha">Racha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(country)" title="Georgia (country)">Georgia</a>, kills 270 people and leaves 100,000 others homeless.<a href="#cite_note-Nikoleishvili-116">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-Arafiev-117">[117]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_29" title="April 29">April 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/April_30" title="April 30">30</a> – In <a href="/wiki/Lesotho" title="Lesotho">Lesotho</a>, a bloodless coup ousts military ruler <a href="/wiki/Justin_Lekhanya" title="Justin Lekhanya">Justin Lekhanya</a>, with Chairman of the Military Council <a href="/wiki/Elias_Phisoana_Ramaema" title="Elias Phisoana Ramaema">Elias Phisoana Ramaema</a> replacing him two days later.<a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="May">May</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1991&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: May">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/May_1" title="May 1">May 1</a> – Angolan Civil War: The <a href="/wiki/MPLA" title="MPLA">MPLA</a> and <a href="/wiki/UNITA" title="UNITA">UNITA</a> agree to the <a href="/wiki/Bicesse_Accords" title="Bicesse Accords">Bicesse Accords</a>, which are formally signed on May 31 in <a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-terms-119">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_6" title="May 6">May 6</a> – In the <a href="/wiki/U.S." class="mw-redirect" title="U.S.">U.S.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a> magazine publishes "<a href="/wiki/The_Thriving_Cult_of_Greed_and_Power" title="The Thriving Cult of Greed and Power">The Thriving Cult of Greed and Power</a>," an article highly critical of the <a href="/wiki/Scientology" title="Scientology">Scientology</a> movement.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_12" title="May 12">May 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nepal" title="Nepal">Nepal</a> holds its first multiparty <a href="/wiki/1991_Nepalese_legislative_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1991 Nepalese legislative election">legislative election</a> since <a href="/wiki/1959_Nepalese_legislative_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1959 Nepalese legislative election">1959</a>.<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_15" title="May 15">May 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/%C3%89dith_Cresson" title="Édith Cresson">Édith Cresson</a> becomes France's first female <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_France" title="Prime Minister of France">prime minister</a>.<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_16" title="May 16">May 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">Elizabeth II</a> becomes the first <a href="/wiki/British_Monarch" class="mw-redirect" title="British Monarch">British monarch</a> to address the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Congress" title="United States Congress">U.S. Congress</a> during a 13-day royal visit in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a><a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_18" title="May 18">May 18</a> – <a href="/wiki/Somaliland" title="Somaliland">Somaliland</a> secedes from <a href="/wiki/Somalia" title="Somalia">Somalia</a>; its independence is <a href="/wiki/List_of_states_with_limited_recognition" title="List of states with limited recognition">not recognised</a> by the <a href="/wiki/International_community" title="International community">international community</a>.<a href="#cite_note-127">[127]</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[128]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_19" title="May 19">May 19</a> – Dissolution of Yugoslavia: In the <a href="/wiki/1991_Croatian_independence_referendum" title="1991 Croatian independence referendum">Croatian independence referendum</a>, voters in the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Republic_of_Croatia" title="Socialist Republic of Croatia">Socialist Republic of Croatia</a> vote to leave <a href="/wiki/SFR_Yugoslavia" class="mw-redirect" title="SFR Yugoslavia">SFR Yugoslavia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-129">[129]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_21" title="May 21">May 21</a> <ul><li>At <a href="/wiki/Sriperumbudur" title="Sriperumbudur">Sriperumbudur</a>, India, a suicide bomber from <a href="/wiki/LTTE" class="mw-redirect" title="LTTE">LTTE</a> attacks a political meeting, <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Rajiv_Gandhi" title="Assassination of Rajiv Gandhi">killing former Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Rajiv_Gandhi" title="Rajiv Gandhi">Rajiv Gandhi</a> and at least 14 others.<a href="#cite_note-130">[130]</a></li> <li>Ethiopian Civil War: <a href="/wiki/Mengistu_Haile_Mariam" title="Mengistu Haile Mariam">Mengistu Haile Mariam</a>, president of the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Democratic_Republic_of_Ethiopia" title="People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia">People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia</a>, flees <a href="/wiki/Ethiopia" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a> to <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a>, effectively bringing the <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Civil_War" title="Ethiopian Civil War">Ethiopian Civil War</a> to an end.<a href="#cite_note-131">[131]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_22" title="May 22">May 22</a> – Acting <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_South_Korea" title="Prime Minister of South Korea">Prime Minister of South Korea</a> <a href="/wiki/Ro_Jai-bong" title="Ro Jai-bong">Ro Jai-bong</a> resigns in the wake of rioting following the beating to death of a student by police on April 26. He is succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Chung_Won-shik" title="Chung Won-shik">Chung Won-shik</a> two days later.<a href="#cite_note-132">[132]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_24" title="May 24">May 24</a> – Following authorisation by <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Israel" title="Prime Minister of Israel">Israeli Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Yitzhak_Shamir" title="Yitzhak Shamir">Yitzhak Shamir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Operation_Solomon" title="Operation Solomon">Operation Solomon</a> commences to airlift most of the remaining <a href="/wiki/Beta_Israel" title="Beta Israel">Beta Israel</a> community from <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Democratic_Republic_of_Ethiopia" title="People's Democratic Republic of Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a> to Israel.<a href="#cite_note-133">[133]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_25" title="May 25">May 25</a> – The <a href="/wiki/1991_Surinamese_general_election" title="1991 Surinamese general election">Surinamese general election</a> is won by the military-backed <a href="/wiki/New_Front_for_Democracy_and_Development" title="New Front for Democracy and Development">New Front for Democracy and Development</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENohlen2005614–615-134">[134]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_26" title="May 26">May 26</a> – <a href="/wiki/Lauda_Air_Flight_004" title="Lauda Air Flight 004">Lauda Air Boeing 767 crashes</a> near <a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>, killing all 223 people on board.<a href="#cite_note-135">[135]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_28" title="May 28">May 28</a> – Ethiopian Civil War: The forces of the <a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_People%27s_Revolutionary_Democratic_Front" title="Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front">Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front</a> seize the capital <a href="/wiki/Addis_Ababa" title="Addis Ababa">Addis Ababa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-136">[136]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="June">June</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1991&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: June">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pinatubo91eruption_clark_air_base.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Pinatubo91eruption_clark_air_base.jpg/170px-Pinatubo91eruption_clark_air_base.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="177" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Pinatubo91eruption_clark_air_base.jpg/255px-Pinatubo91eruption_clark_air_base.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Pinatubo91eruption_clark_air_base.jpg/340px-Pinatubo91eruption_clark_air_base.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1981" data-file-height="2064" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mount_Pinatubo" title="Mount Pinatubo">Mount Pinatubo</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/June_3" title="June 3">June 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Mount_Unzen" title="Mount Unzen">Mount Unzen</a> in <a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_Japan" title="List of volcanoes in Japan">Japan</a> erupts, killing 46 people as a result of <a href="/wiki/Pyroclastic_flow" title="Pyroclastic flow">pyroclastic flow</a>.<a href="#cite_note-137">[137]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_4" title="June 4">June 4</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fatos_Nano" title="Fatos Nano">Fatos Nano</a> resigns as <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Albania" title="Prime Minister of Albania">Prime Minister of Albania</a> following a nationwide strike. <a href="/wiki/President_of_Albania" title="President of Albania">President of Albania</a> <a href="/wiki/Ramiz_Alia" title="Ramiz Alia">Ramiz Alia</a> appoints <a href="/wiki/Ylli_Bufi" title="Ylli Bufi">Ylli Bufi</a> as his successor.<a href="#cite_note-138">[138]</a><a href="#cite_note-139">[139]</a></li> <li>A large <a href="/wiki/Solar_flare" title="Solar flare">solar flare</a> triggers an unusually large <a href="/wiki/Aurora" title="Aurora">aurora</a> as far south as <a href="/wiki/Pennsylvania" title="Pennsylvania">Pennsylvania</a>.<a href="#cite_note-140">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-141">[141]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_5" title="June 5">June 5</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Algeria" title="President of Algeria">President of Algeria</a> <a href="/wiki/Chadli_Bendjedid" title="Chadli Bendjedid">Chadli Bendjedid</a> declares a state of emergency as <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Algeria" title="Prime Minister of Algeria">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Mouloud_Hamrouche" title="Mouloud Hamrouche">Mouloud Hamrouche</a> resigns after 11 days of protests against the government; Hamrouche is replaced by <a href="/wiki/Sid_Ahmed_Ghozali" title="Sid Ahmed Ghozali">Sid Ahmed Ghozali</a>.<a href="#cite_note-142">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-143">[143]</a></li> <li>End of Apartheid: The <a href="/wiki/South_African_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="South African Parliament">South African Parliament</a> votes to repeal laws banning Black ownership of land.<a href="#cite_note-144">[144]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_7" title="June 7">June 7</a> – Approximately <a href="/wiki/National_Victory_Celebration" title="National Victory Celebration">200,000 people attend a parade</a> of 8,800 returning Persian Gulf War troops in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a><a href="#cite_note-145">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-146">[146]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_9" title="June 9">June 9</a> – A major collapse at the <a href="/wiki/Mining_industry_of_Eswatini" title="Mining industry of Eswatini">Emaswati Colliery</a> in <a href="/wiki/Swaziland" class="mw-redirect" title="Swaziland">Swaziland</a> traps 26 miners 65 meters below the surface; they are rescued 30 hours later.<a href="#cite_note-147">[147]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_12" title="June 12">June 12</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boris_Yeltsin" title="Boris Yeltsin">Boris Yeltsin</a> is elected <a href="/wiki/President_of_Russia" title="President of Russia">President</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_SFSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian SFSR">Russian SFSR</a>; he officially begins his term on July 10.<a href="#cite_note-148">[148]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_civil_war" title="Sri Lankan civil war">Sri Lankan civil war</a>: <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Army" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Lankan Army">Sri Lankan Army</a> soldiers <a href="/wiki/1991_Kokkadichcholai_massacre" title="1991 Kokkadichcholai massacre">kill 152 civilians</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kokkadichcholai" title="Kokkadichcholai">Kokkadichcholai</a>.<a href="#cite_note-149">[149]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Party_of_Labour_of_Albania" title="Party of Labour of Albania">Party of Labour of Albania</a> is dissolved and succeeded by the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Party_of_Albania" title="Socialist Party of Albania">Socialist Party of Albania</a>, marking the end of <a href="/wiki/Communist_Albania" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist Albania">communist rule in Albania</a>.<a href="#cite_note-150">[150]</a><a href="#cite_note-151">[151]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_15" title="June 15">June 15</a> <ul><li>In the Philippines, <a href="/wiki/Mount_Pinatubo" title="Mount Pinatubo">Mount Pinatubo</a> erupts in the <a href="/wiki/1991_eruption_of_Mount_Pinatubo" title="1991 eruption of Mount Pinatubo">second largest terrestrial eruption of the 20th century</a>; the final death toll exceeds 800. The eruption causes a global cooling of around 0.4 °C.<a href="#cite_note-152">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-153">[153]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/1991_Indian_general_election" title="1991 Indian general election">Indian general elections</a> end; the <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Indian National Congress</a> wins the most seats but fails to secure a majority. Six days later, Congress leader <a href="/wiki/P._V._Narasimha_Rao" title="P. V. Narasimha Rao">P. V. Narasimha Rao</a> becomes <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister of India</a>.<a href="#cite_note-154">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-155">[155]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_16" title="June 16">June 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Father%27s_Day_Bank_Massacre" title="Father's Day Bank Massacre">Father's Day Bank Massacre</a>: Four <a href="/wiki/Security_guard" title="Security guard">security guards</a> are shot to death during a <a href="/wiki/Bank_robbery" title="Bank robbery">bank robbery</a> at the United Bank Tower in <a href="/wiki/Denver" title="Denver">Denver</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a>, United States. The person subsequently charged with the crime was acquitted, and the case remains unsolved.<a href="#cite_note-156">[156]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_17" title="June 17">June 17</a> <ul><li>End of Apartheid: The <a href="/wiki/South_African_parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="South African parliament">South African parliament</a> repeals the <a href="/wiki/Population_Registration_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Population Registration Act">Population Registration Act</a>, which has required <a href="/wiki/Apartheid" title="Apartheid">racial classification</a> of all South Africans at birth.<a href="#cite_note-157">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-158">[158]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_Turkey" title="President of Turkey">President of Turkey</a> <a href="/wiki/Turgut_%C3%96zal" title="Turgut Özal">Turgut Özal</a> appoints <a href="/wiki/Mesut_Y%C4%B1lmaz" title="Mesut Yılmaz">Mesut Yılmaz</a> as <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Turkey" title="Prime Minister of Turkey">Prime Minister</a> following <a href="/wiki/Y%C4%B1ld%C4%B1r%C4%B1m_Akbulut" title="Yıldırım Akbulut">Yıldırım Akbulut</a>'s resignation. Yılmaz forms a new government on June 23, which lasts until November when it is replaced by the government of <a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCleyman_Demirel" title="Süleyman Demirel">Süleyman Demirel</a>.<a href="#cite_note-75.Yıl-159">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-160">[160]</a><a href="#cite_note-161">[161]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_20" title="June 20">June 20</a> <ul><li>In <a href="/wiki/West_Germany" title="West Germany">West Germany</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bundestag" title="Bundestag">Bundestag</a> <a href="/wiki/Decision_on_the_Capital_of_Germany" title="Decision on the Capital of Germany">votes to move</a> the capital from <a href="/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn">Bonn</a> to <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-162">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-163">[163]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Collinson" class="mw-redirect" title="Harry Collinson">Harry Collinson</a>, the planning officer for <a href="/wiki/Derwentside" title="Derwentside">Derwentside</a> District Council, is shot dead at <a href="/wiki/Butsfield" title="Butsfield">Butsfield</a>, <a href="/wiki/County_Durham" title="County Durham">County Durham</a>, England, and the incident is caught on camera by a <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> regional news crew.<a href="#cite_note-164">[164]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_23" title="June 23">June 23</a> – <a href="/wiki/June_28" title="June 28">28</a> – Iraq disarmament crisis: UN inspection teams attempt to intercept Iraqi vehicles carrying nuclear related equipment. Iraqi soldiers fire warning shots in the air to prevent inspectors from approaching the vehicles.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>]</li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_25" title="June 25">June 25</a> – Dissolution of Yugoslavia: <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a> declare their independence from <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Federal_Republic_of_Yugoslavia" title="Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia">Yugoslavia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-165">[165]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_28" title="June 28">June 28</a> – Dissolution of the Soviet Union: <a href="/wiki/Comecon" title="Comecon">Comecon</a> is dissolved in <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic" title="Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic">Russia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-166">[166]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="July">July</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1991&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: July">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/July_1" title="July 1">July 1</a> <ul><li>In the <a href="/wiki/U.S." class="mw-redirect" title="U.S.">U.S.</a>, telephone services go down in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh" title="Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh</a>, <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>, and <a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a> as a result of a software bug, affecting nearly 12 million customers.<a href="#cite_note-167">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-168">[168]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Warsaw_Pact" title="Warsaw Pact">Warsaw Pact</a> is officially dissolved in <a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a>, <a href="/wiki/Czechoslovakia" title="Czechoslovakia">Czechoslovakia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-169">[169]</a></li> <li>The world's first <a href="/wiki/GSM" title="GSM">GSM</a> telephone call is made in <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-170">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-171">[171]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_4" title="July 4">July 4</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Constituent_Assembly_of_Colombia" title="Constituent Assembly of Colombia">Constituent Assembly of Colombia</a> proclaims a new constitution,<a href="#cite_note-:1-172">[172]</a> allowing the <a href="/wiki/President_of_Colombia" title="President of Colombia">President of Colombia</a> <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9sar_Gaviria" title="César Gaviria">César Gaviria</a> to lift the country's seven-year-long <a href="/wiki/State_of_siege" class="mw-redirect" title="State of siege">state of siege</a>.<a href="#cite_note-173">[173]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_7" title="July 7">July 7</a> – Dissolution of Yugoslavia: The <a href="/wiki/Brioni_Agreement" title="Brioni Agreement">Brioni Agreement</a> ends the <a href="/wiki/Ten-Day_War" title="Ten-Day War">Ten-Day War</a> in <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-174">[174]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_9" title="July 9">July 9</a> <ul><li>End of Apartheid: The <a href="/wiki/International_Olympic_Committee" title="International Olympic Committee">International Olympic Committee</a> <a href="/wiki/Apartheid-era_South_Africa_and_the_Olympics" title="Apartheid-era South Africa and the Olympics">readmits South Africa</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Olympics" class="mw-redirect" title="Olympics">Olympics</a>. The following day, <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">U.S. President Bush</a> terminates <a href="/wiki/1986" title="1986">1986</a>-enacted <a href="/wiki/U.S._sanctions" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. sanctions">U.S. sanctions</a> on <a href="/wiki/South_Africa%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="South Africa–United States relations">South Africa</a>.<a href="#cite_note-175">[175]</a><a href="#cite_note-176">[176]</a></li> <li>Iran–Contra affair: <a href="/wiki/Alan_Fiers" title="Alan Fiers">Alan Fiers</a> agrees to plead guilty to two charges of lying to the <a href="/wiki/U.S._Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Congress">U.S. Congress</a>. Later on September 16, <a href="/wiki/United_States_District_Court_for_the_District_of_Columbia" title="United States District Court for the District of Columbia">D.C. Judge</a> <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Gesell" title="Gerhard Gesell">Gerhard Gesell</a> issues a ruling clearing <a href="/wiki/Col." class="mw-redirect" title="Col.">Col.</a> <a href="/wiki/Oliver_North" title="Oliver North">Oliver North</a> of all charges.<a href="#cite_note-177">[177]</a><a href="#cite_note-178">[178]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_11" title="July 11">July 11</a> <ul><li>A <a href="/wiki/Solar_eclipse_of_July_11,_1991" title="Solar eclipse of July 11, 1991">solar eclipse of record totality</a> occurs in the Northern hemisphere and is witnessed by hundreds of millions of people in <a href="/wiki/Hawaii" title="Hawaii">Hawaii</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colombia" title="Colombia">Colombia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brazil" title="Brazil">Brazil</a>.<a href="#cite_note-179">[179]</a><a href="#cite_note-180">[180]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigeria_Airways_Flight_2120" title="Nigeria Airways Flight 2120">Nigeria Airways Flight 2120</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Douglas_DC-8" title="Douglas DC-8">Douglas DC-8</a> operated by Canadian airline <a href="/wiki/Nolisair" title="Nolisair">Nolisair</a>, catches fire and crashes soon after takeoff from <a href="/wiki/Jeddah" title="Jeddah">Jeddah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabia" title="Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a>, killing all 261 people on board.<a href="#cite_note-181">[181]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_15" title="July 15">July 15</a> – <a href="/wiki/Chemical_Bank" title="Chemical Bank">Chemical Bank</a> and <a href="/wiki/Manufacturers_Hanover_Corporation" title="Manufacturers Hanover Corporation">Manufacturers Hanover Corporation</a> amalgamate, becoming the <a href="/wiki/List_of_bank_mergers_in_the_United_States" title="List of bank mergers in the United States">largest bank merger</a> in history.<a href="#cite_note-182">[182]</a><a href="#cite_note-183">[183]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_16" title="July 16">July 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Soviet_President" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet President">Soviet President</a> <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Gorbachev</a> arrives in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> to ask for aid from the leaders of the <a href="/wiki/G7" title="G7">G7</a>.<a href="#cite_note-184">[184]</a><a href="#cite_note-185">[185]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_18" title="July 18">July 18</a> – The governments of <a href="/wiki/Mauritania" title="Mauritania">Mauritania</a> and <a href="/wiki/Senegal" title="Senegal">Senegal</a> sign a treaty ending the <a href="/wiki/Mauritania%E2%80%93Senegal_Border_War" title="Mauritania–Senegal Border War">Mauritania–Senegal Border War</a>, which has been fought since <a href="/wiki/1989#April" title="1989">April 1989</a>.<a href="#cite_note-186">[186]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_22" title="July 22">July 22</a> – <a href="/wiki/US_Boxing" class="mw-redirect" title="US Boxing">U.S. boxer</a> <a href="/wiki/Mike_Tyson" title="Mike Tyson">Mike Tyson</a> is arrested and charged with the rape, three days earlier, of <a href="/wiki/Miss_Black_America" title="Miss Black America">Miss Black America</a> contestant <a href="/wiki/Desiree_Washington" class="mw-redirect" title="Desiree Washington">Desiree Washington</a> in <a href="/wiki/Indianapolis" title="Indianapolis">Indianapolis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Indiana" title="Indiana">Indiana</a>.<a href="#cite_note-187">[187]</a><a href="#cite_note-188">[188]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_24" title="July 24">July 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Finance_Minister_of_India" class="mw-redirect" title="Finance Minister of India">Finance Minister of India</a> <a href="/wiki/Manmohan_Singh" title="Manmohan Singh">Manmohan Singh</a> announces a new industrial policy, marking the start of <a href="/wiki/Economic_liberalisation_in_India" title="Economic liberalisation in India">economic liberalisation in India</a>.<a href="#cite_note-189">[189]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_25" title="July 25">July 25</a> – British astronomers announce their discovery of what appears to be an <a href="/wiki/Extrasolar_planet" class="mw-redirect" title="Extrasolar planet">extrasolar planet</a>.<a href="#cite_note-190">[190]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_29" title="July 29">July 29</a> – In <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>, a grand jury indicts <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Credit_and_Commerce_International" title="Bank of Credit and Commerce International">Bank of Credit and Commerce International</a> of the largest bank fraud in history, accusing the bank of defrauding depositors of US$5 billion.<a href="#cite_note-191">[191]</a><a href="#cite_note-192">[192]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_31" title="July 31">July 31</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">U.S. President Bush</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Soviet President Gorbachev</a> sign <a href="/wiki/START_I" title="START I">START I</a> in <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>.<a href="#cite_note-193">[193]</a><a href="#cite_note-194">[194]</a></li> <li>Singing Revolution: Soviet Special Purpose Police Unit forces (<a href="/wiki/OMON" title="OMON">OMON</a>) kill seven <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuanian</a> customs officials in <a href="/wiki/Medininkai" title="Medininkai">Medininkai</a>, the deadliest of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_OMON_assaults_on_Lithuanian_border_posts" title="Soviet OMON assaults on Lithuanian border posts">Soviet OMON assaults on Lithuanian border posts</a>.<a href="#cite_note-195">[195]</a><a href="#cite_note-196">[196]</a></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="August">August</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1991&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: August">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"August 1991" redirects here. For the film, see <a href="/wiki/August_1991_(film)" title="August 1991 (film)">August 1991 (film)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%80%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B2%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%82%D1%8B.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%80%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B2%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%82%D1%8B.jpg/170px-%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%80%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B2%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%82%D1%8B.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%80%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B2%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%82%D1%8B.jpg/255px-%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%80%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B2%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%82%D1%8B.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%80%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B2%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%82%D1%8B.jpg/340px-%D0%9E%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%80%D1%83%D1%85%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%B2%D1%88%D0%B5%D0%B9_%D0%92%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%82%D1%8B.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="439" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Warsaw_radio_mast" title="Warsaw radio mast">Warsaw radio mast</a> after its collapse on <a href="/wiki/August_8" title="August 8">August 8</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:1991_coup_attempt1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/1991_coup_attempt1.jpg/250px-1991_coup_attempt1.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/1991_coup_attempt1.jpg/330px-1991_coup_attempt1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/1991_coup_attempt1.jpg/500px-1991_coup_attempt1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="496" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/August_19" title="August 19">August 19</a>: The coup attempt in Moscow</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/August_1" title="August 1">August 1</a> – <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> agrees to participate in the <a href="/wiki/Madrid_Conference_of_1991" title="Madrid Conference of 1991">Madrid Conference of 1991</a>, which opens on October 30.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_4" title="August 4">August 4</a> – The cruise liner <a href="/wiki/MTS_Oceanos" title="MTS Oceanos">MTS Oceanos</a> sinks off the <a href="/wiki/Cape_of_Good_Hope" title="Cape of Good Hope">coast of South Africa</a>, leading to the rescue of all 571 passengers on board by <a href="/wiki/South_African_Air_Force" title="South African Air Force">SAAF</a> helicopters.<a href="#cite_note-197">[197]</a><a href="#cite_note-198">[198]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_6" title="August 6">August 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/Tim_Berners-Lee" title="Tim Berners-Lee">Tim Berners-Lee</a> announces the <a href="/wiki/World_Wide_Web" title="World Wide Web">World Wide Web</a> project and software on the alt.hypertext newsgroup. The first website, "info.cern.ch", is created.<a href="#cite_note-199">[199]</a><a href="#cite_note-200">[200]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_7" title="August 7">August 7</a> – Former Iranian <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Iran" title="Prime Minister of Iran">prime minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Shapour_Bakhtiar" title="Shapour Bakhtiar">Shapour Bakhtiar</a> is assassinated in the Parisian suburb of <a href="/wiki/Suresnes" title="Suresnes">Suresnes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-f2410-201">[201]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_8" title="August 8">August 8</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Warsaw_radio_mast" title="Warsaw radio mast">Warsaw radio mast</a>, the tallest structure in the world at the time, collapses.<a href="#cite_note-202">[202]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_17" title="August 17">August 17</a> – The remains of the <a href="/wiki/Prussian_King" class="mw-redirect" title="Prussian King">Prussian King</a> <a href="/wiki/Frederick_the_Great" title="Frederick the Great">Frederick the Great</a> are re-interred in <a href="/wiki/Potsdam" title="Potsdam">Potsdam</a>, Germany.<a href="#cite_note-203">[203]</a><a href="#cite_note-204">[204]</a><a href="#cite_note-205">[205]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_17" title="August 17">August 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/August_20" title="August 20">20</a> – <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Bob" title="Hurricane Bob">Hurricane Bob</a> hits <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_England" title="New England">New England</a>, killing 17 people and causing US$1.5 billion in damage.<a href="#cite_note-206">[206]</a><a href="#cite_note-207">[207]</a><a href="#cite_note-208">[208]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_19" title="August 19">August 19</a> – Dissolution of the Soviet Union: <a href="/wiki/Soviet_President" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet President">Soviet President</a> <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a> is put under <a href="/wiki/House_arrest" title="House arrest">house arrest</a> while vacationing in <a href="/wiki/Crimea" title="Crimea">Crimea</a> during <a href="/wiki/1991_Soviet_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat_attempt" class="mw-redirect" title="1991 Soviet coup d'état attempt">an attempted coup</a>. Led by <a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_state_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="List of heads of state of the Soviet Union">Vice President</a> <a href="/wiki/Gennady_Yanayev" title="Gennady Yanayev">Gennady Yanayev</a> and seven others, the coup collapses in less than 72 hours and is protested by over 100,000 people outside the <a href="/wiki/White_House_(Moscow)" title="White House (Moscow)">parliament building</a>. Gorbachev returns to <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a> three days later and arrests the coup leaders.<a href="#cite_note-209">[209]</a><a href="#cite_note-210">[210]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_20" title="August 20">August 20</a> – Singing Revolution: <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a> declares independence from the Soviet Union, followed by <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a> the next day.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Russia.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/170px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/255px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/340px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Restored flag of Russia</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/August_22" title="August 22">August 22</a> – Singing Revolution: <a href="/wiki/Iceland" title="Iceland">Iceland</a> becomes the first nation to recognize the independence of the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_states" title="Baltic states">Baltic states</a>. It is followed by the U.S. on September 2 and the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> on September 6.<a href="#cite_note-211">[211]</a><a href="#cite_note-212">[212]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_23" title="August 23">August 23</a> – Dissolution of the Soviet Union: Russia restores the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Russia" title="Flag of Russia">white-blue-red tricolour</a> as its <a href="/wiki/National_flag" title="National flag">national flag</a>.<a href="#cite_note-213">[213]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_24" title="August 24">August 24</a> – Dissolution of the Soviet Union: <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> declares independence, followed by <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a> the next day, from the Soviet Union.<a href="#cite_note-214">[214]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_25" title="August 25">August 25</a> <ul><li>Dissolution of Yugoslavia: <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vukovar" title="Battle of Vukovar">Serbian forces begin an attack</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatian</a> town of <a href="/wiki/Vukovar" title="Vukovar">Vukovar</a>.<a href="#cite_note-215">[215]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linus_Torvalds" title="Linus Torvalds">Linus Torvalds</a> posts messages to the <a href="/wiki/Usenet" title="Usenet">Usenet</a> newsgroup comp.os.minix, regarding the new operating system kernel he has developed, called <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>.<a href="#cite_note-216">[216]</a><a href="#cite_note-217">[217]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Schumacher" title="Michael Schumacher">Michael Schumacher</a>, regarded as one of the greatest <a href="/wiki/History_of_Formula_One" title="History of Formula One">Formula One drivers in history</a>, makes his <a href="/wiki/Formula_One" title="Formula One">Formula One</a> debut at the <a href="/wiki/1991_Belgian_Grand_Prix" title="1991 Belgian Grand Prix">Belgian Grand Prix</a>.<a href="#cite_note-218">[218]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_29" title="August 29">August 29</a> – Lebanon Hostage Crisis: <a href="/wiki/Maronite" class="mw-redirect" title="Maronite">Maronite</a> general <a href="/wiki/Michel_Aoun" title="Michel Aoun">Michel Aoun</a> leaves <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a> on a French warship into <a href="/wiki/Exile" title="Exile">exile</a>.<a href="#cite_note-219">[219]</a><a href="#cite_note-220">[220]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_30" title="August 30">August 30</a> – Dissolution of the Soviet Union: <a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a> declares independence from the Soviet Union, followed by <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-221">[221]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_31" title="August 31">August 31</a> – Dissolution of the Soviet Union: <a href="/wiki/Kyrgyzstan" title="Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Uzbekistan" title="Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a> declare their independence; <a href="/wiki/Tajikistan" title="Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a> follows suit on <a href="/wiki/September_9" title="September 9">September 9</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="September">September</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1991&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: September">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Baltic_states_flag_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Baltic_states_flag_map.svg/250px-Baltic_states_flag_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Baltic_states_flag_map.svg/330px-Baltic_states_flag_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1648" data-file-height="2391" /></a><figcaption>Map of the three Baltic states, in their flag colours.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/September_3" title="September 3">September 3</a> – In <a href="/wiki/Hamlet,_North_Carolina" title="Hamlet, North Carolina">Hamlet</a>, <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hamlet_chicken_processing_plant_fire" title="Hamlet chicken processing plant fire">a grease fire breaks out</a> at the Imperial Foods chicken processing plant, killing 25 people.<a href="#cite_note-222">[222]</a><a href="#cite_note-223">[223]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_4" title="September 4">September 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Sverdlovsk,_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Sverdlovsk, Russia">Sverdlovsk</a>'s name is restored to its <a href="/wiki/De-Communisation" class="mw-redirect" title="De-Communisation">pre-communist–era name</a> <a href="/wiki/Yekaterinburg" title="Yekaterinburg">Yekaterinburg</a>. Two days later, <a href="/wiki/Leningrad" class="mw-redirect" title="Leningrad">Leningrad</a> is renamed <a href="/wiki/St._Petersburg" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Petersburg">St. Petersburg</a>.<a href="#cite_note-224">[224]</a><a href="#cite_note-225">[225]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_5" title="September 5">September 5</a> – Dissolution of the Soviet Union: The <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_People%27s_Deputies_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Congress of People's Deputies of the Soviet Union">Congress of People's Deputies of the Soviet Union</a> self-dissolves, being replaced by <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Soviet_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union">Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union</a> and <a href="/wiki/State_Council_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="State Council of the Soviet Union">State Council of the Soviet Union</a>.<a href="#cite_note-226">[226]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_8" title="September 8">September 8</a> – Dissolution of Yugoslavia: The <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">Republic of Macedonia</a> becomes independent, beginning a <a href="/wiki/Macedonia_naming_dispute" title="Macedonia naming dispute">name dispute</a> with <a href="/wiki/Greece%E2%80%93North_Macedonia_relations" title="Greece–North Macedonia relations">Greece</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_11" title="September 11">September 11</a> <ul><li>Lebanon Hostage Crisis: <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> releases <a href="/wiki/Palestinian_prisoners_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian prisoners of Israel">51 Arab prisoners</a> and the bodies of nine guerrillas, paving the way for the release of the last <a href="/wiki/Lebanon_hostage_crisis" title="Lebanon hostage crisis">western hostages in Lebanon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-227">[227]</a><a href="#cite_note-228">[228]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> announces plans to withdraw <a href="/wiki/Cuba%E2%80%93Soviet_Union_relations" title="Cuba–Soviet Union relations">military and economic aid</a> to <a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a>.<a href="#cite_note-229">[229]</a><a href="#cite_note-230">[230]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_15" title="September 15">September 15</a> – In the <a href="/wiki/1991_Swedish_general_election" title="1991 Swedish general election">Swedish general election</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Social_Democratic_Party" title="Swedish Social Democratic Party">Social Democrats</a> suffer their worst election results in 60 years, leading to the resignation of <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Sweden" title="Prime Minister of Sweden">Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Ingvar_Carlsson" title="Ingvar Carlsson">Ingvar Carlsson</a>.<a href="#cite_note-231">[231]</a><a href="#cite_note-232">[232]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_17" title="September 17">September 17</a> – <a href="/wiki/North_Korea" title="North Korea">North Korea</a>, <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South Korea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Marshall_Islands" title="Marshall Islands">Marshall Islands</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Federated_States_of_Micronesia" title="Federated States of Micronesia">Micronesia</a> join the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">UN</a>.<a href="#cite_note-233">[233]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_19" title="September 19">September 19</a> – <a href="/wiki/%C3%96tzi" title="Ötzi">Ötzi the Iceman</a> is found in the <a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alps</a>.<a href="#cite_note-234">[234]</a><a href="#cite_note-235">[235]</a><a href="#cite_note-236">[236]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_21" title="September 21">September 21</a> – Dissolution of the Soviet Union: <a href="/wiki/Armenia" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> declares independence from the Soviet Union. Nearly a month later on October 27, <a href="/wiki/Turkmenistan" title="Turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a> declares its independence. <a href="/wiki/Kazakhstan" title="Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a> follows suit on <a href="/wiki/December_16" title="December 16">December 16</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_21" title="September 21">September 21</a> – <a href="/wiki/September_30" title="September 30">30</a> – Iraq disarmament crisis: <a href="/wiki/International_Atomic_Energy_Agency" title="International Atomic Energy Agency">IAEA</a> inspectors discover files on <a href="/wiki/Iraq_and_weapons_of_mass_destruction" title="Iraq and weapons of mass destruction">Iraq's hidden nuclear weapons program</a>. Iraqi officials refuse to let them leave with the documents, prompting a standoff that continues until the <a href="/wiki/U.N._Security_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="U.N. Security Council">UN Security Council</a> threatens enforcement actions on Iraq.<a href="#cite_note-237">[237]</a><a href="#cite_note-238">[238]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_22" title="September 22">September 22</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Huntington_Library" title="Huntington Library">Huntington Library</a> makes the <a href="/wiki/Dead_Sea_Scrolls" title="Dead Sea Scrolls">Dead Sea Scrolls</a> available to the public for the first time.<a href="#cite_note-239">[239]</a><a href="#cite_note-240">[240]</a><a href="#cite_note-241">[241]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_24" title="September 24">September 24</a> – Lebanon Hostage Crisis: Lebanese kidnappers release <a href="/wiki/Jackie_Mann" title="Jackie Mann">Jackie Mann</a> after more than two years of captivity.<a href="#cite_note-242">[242]</a><a href="#cite_note-243">[243]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_25" title="September 25">September 25</a> – Salvadoran Civil War: Representatives of the <a href="/wiki/Farabundo_Mart%C3%AD_National_Liberation_Front" title="Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front">Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front</a> reach an agreement with <a href="/wiki/President_of_El_Salvador" title="President of El Salvador">President of El Salvador</a> <a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Cristiani" title="Alfredo Cristiani">Alfredo Cristiani</a>, setting the stage for the end of the war.<a href="#cite_note-244">[244]</a><a href="#cite_note-245">[245]</a><a href="#cite_note-246">[246]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_27" title="September 27">September 27</a> – U.S. President <a href="/wiki/George_H._W._Bush" title="George H. W. Bush">George H. W. Bush</a> announces unilateral reductions in short-range nuclear weapons and calls off 24-hour alerts for long-range bombers. The <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> responds with similar unilateral reductions on October 5.<a href="#cite_note-247">[247]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_29" title="September 29">September 29</a> – Salvadoran Civil War: An army colonel of the <a href="/wiki/Atl%C3%A1catl_Battalion" title="Atlácatl Battalion">Atlácatl Battalion</a> is found guilty of the <a href="/wiki/1989_murders_of_Jesuits_in_El_Salvador" title="1989 murders of Jesuits in El Salvador">1989 murders of six Jesuits</a>.<a href="#cite_note-248">[248]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="October">October</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1991&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: October">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/October_1" title="October 1">October 1</a> – Dissolution of Yugoslavia: Forces of the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_People%27s_Army" title="Yugoslav People's Army">Yugoslav People's Army</a> <a href="/wiki/Croatian_War_of_Independence" title="Croatian War of Independence">surround Dubrovnik</a>, beginning the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Dubrovnik" title="Siege of Dubrovnik">Siege of Dubrovnik</a>, which lasts until May 31, 1992.<a href="#cite_note-249">[249]</a><a href="#cite_note-250">[250]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_3" title="October 3">October 3</a>–<a href="/wiki/November_2" title="November 2">November 2</a> – The <a href="/wiki/1991_Rugby_World_Cup" title="1991 Rugby World Cup">1991 Rugby World Cup</a> takes place in the United Kingdom, Republic of Ireland and France and is won by <a href="/wiki/Australia_national_rugby_union_team" title="Australia national rugby union team">Australia</a> who beat <a href="/wiki/England_national_rugby_union_team" title="England national rugby union team">England</a> in <a href="/wiki/1991_Rugby_World_Cup_final" title="1991 Rugby World Cup final">the final</a>.<a href="#cite_note-251">[251]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_3" title="October 3">October 3</a> – <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_U.S._House_of_Representatives" class="mw-redirect" title="Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives">Speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives</a> <a href="/wiki/Tom_Foley" title="Tom Foley">Tom Foley</a> announces the <a href="/wiki/House_banking_scandal" title="House banking scandal">closure of the House Bank</a> by the end of the year after revelations that House members have written numerous bad checks.<a href="#cite_note-252">[252]</a><a href="#cite_note-253">[253]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_4" title="October 4">October 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/Carl_Bildt" title="Carl Bildt">Carl Bildt</a> succeeds <a href="/wiki/Ingvar_Carlsson" title="Ingvar Carlsson">Ingvar Carlsson</a> as <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Sweden" title="Prime Minister of Sweden">Prime Minister of Sweden</a>.<a href="#cite_note-254">[254]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_6" title="October 6">October 6</a> – <a href="/wiki/President_Gorbachev" class="mw-redirect" title="President Gorbachev">President Gorbachev</a> condemns <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Antisemitism in the Soviet Union">antisemitism in the Soviet Union</a> in a statement read on the 50th anniversary of the <a href="/wiki/Babi_Yar_massacres" class="mw-redirect" title="Babi Yar massacres">Babi Yar massacres</a>, which saw the death of <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Ukraine" title="History of the Jews in Ukraine">35,000 Jews</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic">Ukraine</a> during <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Front_(World_War_II)" title="Eastern Front (World War II)">WWII</a>.<a href="#cite_note-255">[255]</a><a href="#cite_note-256">[256]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_7" title="October 7">October 7</a> – Dissolution of Yugoslavia: The <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Air_Force" title="Yugoslav Air Force">Yugoslav Air Force</a> bombs the office of <a href="/wiki/Croatian_President" class="mw-redirect" title="Croatian President">Croatian President</a> <a href="/wiki/Franjo_Tu%C4%91man" title="Franjo Tuđman">Franjo Tuđman</a>, causing the <a href="/wiki/Croatian_Parliament" title="Croatian Parliament">Croatian Parliament</a> to cut all remaining ties with Yugoslavia the following day.<a href="#cite_note-257">[257]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_11" title="October 11">October 11</a> <ul><li>In the <a href="/wiki/Russian_SFSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian SFSR">Russian SFSR</a>, the <a href="/wiki/KGB" title="KGB">KGB</a> is replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Foreign_Intelligence_Service_(Russia)" title="Foreign Intelligence Service (Russia)">SVR</a>, with the KGB officially ending operations on November 6.<a href="#cite_note-258">[258]</a><a href="#cite_note-259">[259]</a><a href="#cite_note-260">[260]</a></li> <li>Iraq disarmament crisis: The <a href="/wiki/UN_Security_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="UN Security Council">UN Security Council</a> passes <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council_Resolution_715" title="United Nations Security Council Resolution 715">Resolution 715</a>, demanding that Iraq "accept unconditionally the inspectors and all other personnel designated by the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Special_Commission" title="United Nations Special Commission">Special Commission</a>."<a href="#cite_note-261">[261]</a> Iraq rejects the resolution, calling it "unlawful".</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_12" title="October 12">October 12</a> – <a href="/wiki/Askar_Akayev" title="Askar Akayev">Askar Akayev</a> is confirmed as the first <a href="/wiki/President_of_Kyrgyzstan" title="President of Kyrgyzstan">president of Kyrgyzstan</a> in an uncontested poll.<a href="#cite_note-262">[262]</a><a href="#cite_note-263">[263]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_13" title="October 13">October 13</a> – In the <a href="/wiki/1991_Bulgarian_parliamentary_election" title="1991 Bulgarian parliamentary election">Bulgarian parliamentary election</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Union_of_Democratic_Forces_(Bulgaria)" title="Union of Democratic Forces (Bulgaria)">Union of Democratic Forces</a> defeats the <a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_Socialist_Party" title="Bulgarian Socialist Party">Bulgarian Socialist Party</a>, leaving no remaining <a href="/wiki/Communist_governments" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist governments">Communist governments</a> in <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENohlenStöver2010369,_382-264">[264]</a><a href="#cite_note-265">[265]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_15" title="October 15">October 15</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clarence_Thomas" title="Clarence Thomas">Clarence Thomas</a> is confirmed as the new <a href="/wiki/U.S._Supreme_Court_Justice" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Supreme Court Justice">U.S. Supreme Court Justice</a> following <a href="/wiki/Thurgood_Marshall" title="Thurgood Marshall">Thurgood Marshall</a>'s retirement.<a href="#cite_note-266">[266]</a><a href="#cite_note-267">[267]</a></li> <li>The leaders of the <a href="/wiki/Baltic_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltic States">Baltic States</a>—<a href="/wiki/Arnold_R%C3%BC%C3%BCtel" title="Arnold Rüütel">Arnold Rüütel</a> of <a href="/wiki/Estonia" title="Estonia">Estonia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anatolijs_Gorbunovs" title="Anatolijs Gorbunovs">Anatolijs Gorbunovs</a> of <a href="/wiki/Latvia" title="Latvia">Latvia</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Vytautas_Landsbergis" title="Vytautas Landsbergis">Vytautas Landsbergis</a> of <a href="/wiki/Lithuania" title="Lithuania">Lithuania</a>—sign the <a href="/wiki/OSCE" class="mw-redirect" title="OSCE">OSCE</a> Final Act in <a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a>, Finland.<a href="#cite_note-268">[268]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Oh-My-God_particle" title="Oh-My-God particle">Oh-My-God particle</a>, the highest energy cosmic ray ever recorded, is detected.<a href="#cite_note-269">[269]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_16" title="October 16">October 16</a> – <a href="/wiki/Luby%27s_shooting" title="Luby's shooting">Luby's shooting</a>: 23 people are killed at a <a href="/wiki/Luby%27s" title="Luby's">Luby's restaurant</a> in Killeen, Texas after <a href="/wiki/George_Hennard" class="mw-redirect" title="George Hennard">George Hennard</a> drives his truck through the establishment and begins firing at diners. It becomes the <a href="/wiki/Mass_shootings_in_the_United_States" title="Mass shootings in the United States">deadliest mass shooting in U.S. history</a> and wouldn't be surpassed until the <a href="/wiki/Virginia_Tech_shooting" title="Virginia Tech shooting">Virginia Tech shooting</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_18" title="October 18">October 18</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> restores its <a href="/wiki/Israel%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Israel–Russia relations">diplomatic relations</a> with <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a>, which have been suspended since the <a href="/wiki/1967_Six-Day_War" class="mw-redirect" title="1967 Six-Day War">1967 Six-Day War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-270">[270]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_20" title="October 20">October 20</a> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Harare_Declaration" title="Harare Declaration">Harare Declaration</a> is signed in <a href="/wiki/Harare" title="Harare">Harare</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe" title="Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a>, laying down the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations_membership_criteria" title="Commonwealth of Nations membership criteria">Commonwealth of Nations membership criteria</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Harare_Declaration_text-271">[271]</a></li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/Oakland_firestorm_of_1991" title="Oakland firestorm of 1991">large suburban firestorm</a> centered in <a href="/wiki/Oakland_Hills" class="mw-redirect" title="Oakland Hills">Oakland Hills</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, kills 25 people and injures 150 others.<a href="#cite_note-272">[272]</a></li> <li>A 6.8 <a href="/wiki/Moment_magnitude_scale" title="Moment magnitude scale">Mw</a> <a href="/wiki/1991_Uttarkashi_earthquake" title="1991 Uttarkashi earthquake">earthquake strikes</a> <a href="/wiki/Uttarkashi_district" title="Uttarkashi district">Uttarkashi</a>, India, killing at least 768 people and destroying thousands of homes.<a href="#cite_note-Jain-273">[273]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_21" title="October 21">October 21</a> – Lebanon Hostage Crisis: Jesse Turner, a mathematics professor who has been held hostage for more than four years, is released.<a href="#cite_note-274">[274]</a><a href="#cite_note-275">[275]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_23" title="October 23">October 23</a> – In <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a>-backed government of the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Republic_of_Kampuchea" title="People's Republic of Kampuchea">state of Cambodia</a> signs an agreement with the <a href="/wiki/Khmer_Rouge" title="Khmer Rouge">Khmer Rouge</a> to end <a href="/wiki/Cambodian_Civil_War" title="Cambodian Civil War">the civil war</a> and bring the Khmer Rouge into power despite its role in the <a href="/wiki/Cambodian_genocide" title="Cambodian genocide">Cambodian genocide</a>. The deal ends the <a href="/wiki/Cambodian%E2%80%93Vietnamese_War" title="Cambodian–Vietnamese War">Cambodian–Vietnamese War</a> and results in the creation of the <a href="/wiki/UN_Transitional_Authority_in_Cambodia" class="mw-redirect" title="UN Transitional Authority in Cambodia">UN Transitional Authority in Cambodia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-276">[276]</a><a href="#cite_note-277">[277]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_27" title="October 27">October 27</a> – The first <a href="/wiki/1991_Polish_parliamentary_election" title="1991 Polish parliamentary election">free parliamentary elections</a> in <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> since <a href="/wiki/1928_Polish_legislative_election" class="mw-redirect" title="1928 Polish legislative election">1928</a> are held.<a href="#cite_note-278">[278]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_28" title="October 28">October 28</a> – <a href="/wiki/November_4" title="November 4">November 4</a> – The <a href="/wiki/1991_Perfect_Storm" title="1991 Perfect Storm">1991 Perfect Storm</a> strikes the <a href="/wiki/Northeastern_U.S." class="mw-redirect" title="Northeastern U.S.">northeastern U.S.</a> coast and <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Canada" title="Atlantic Canada">Atlantic Canada</a>, causing over US$200 million of damage and resulting in 12 direct fatalities.<a href="#cite_note-279">[279]</a><a href="#cite_note-280">[280]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_29" title="October 29">October 29</a> – <a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">NASA</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Galileo_spacecraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Galileo spacecraft">Galileo spacecraft</a> makes its closest approach to <a href="/wiki/951_Gaspra" title="951 Gaspra">951 Gaspra</a>, becoming the first probe to visit an <a href="/wiki/Asteroid" title="Asteroid">asteroid</a>.<a href="#cite_note-281">[281]</a><a href="#cite_note-282">[282]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_31" title="October 31">October 31</a> – <a href="/wiki/November_3" title="November 3">November 3</a> – The <a href="/wiki/1991_Halloween_blizzard" title="1991 Halloween blizzard">Halloween blizzard</a> hits the U.S. <a href="/wiki/Upper_Midwest" title="Upper Midwest">Upper Midwest</a>, killing 22 people and causing US$100 million in damage.<a href="#cite_note-283">[283]</a><a href="#cite_note-284">[284]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="November">November</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1991&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: November">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vukovar-watertower-after-war.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A severely damaged brick and concrete tower, pierced with numerous shell holes" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Vukovar-watertower-after-war.jpg/164px-Vukovar-watertower-after-war.jpg" decoding="async" width="164" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Vukovar-watertower-after-war.jpg/246px-Vukovar-watertower-after-war.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Vukovar-watertower-after-war.jpg/328px-Vukovar-watertower-after-war.jpg 2x" data-file-width="854" data-file-height="1286" /></a><figcaption>Symbol of <a href="/wiki/Vukovar" title="Vukovar">Vukovar</a>; <a href="/wiki/Croatian_War_of_Independence" title="Croatian War of Independence">Croatian War of Independence</a> </figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/November_4" title="November 4">November 4</a> – <a href="/wiki/November_5" title="November 5">5</a> – End of Apartheid: The <a href="/wiki/African_National_Congress" title="African National Congress">African National Congress</a> leads a <a href="/wiki/General_strike" title="General strike">general strike</a>, demanding representation in <a href="/wiki/Government_of_South_Africa" title="Government of South Africa">the government</a> and an end to the <a href="/wiki/Value-added_tax" title="Value-added tax">value-added tax</a>.<a href="#cite_note-285">[285]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_5" title="November 5">November 5</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tropical_Storm_Thelma" title="Tropical Storm Thelma">Tropical Storm Thelma</a> causes flash floods in the <a href="/wiki/Philippines" title="Philippines">Philippine</a> city of <a href="/wiki/Ormoc" title="Ormoc">Ormoc</a>, killing more than 4,900 people.<a href="#cite_note-286">[286]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vietnam" title="Vietnam">Vietnam</a> restore <a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="China–Vietnam relations">diplomatic relations</a> after a 13-year rift which followed the <a href="/wiki/Sino-Vietnamese_War" title="Sino-Vietnamese War">1979 Sino-Vietnamese War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-287">[287]</a><a href="#cite_note-288">[288]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_6" title="November 6">November 6</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Communist Party of the Soviet Union">CPSU</a> and its republic-level division, the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_the_Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic" title="Communist Party of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic">Communist Party of the Russian SFSR</a>, are banned in the <a href="/wiki/Russian_SFSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian SFSR">Russian SFSR</a> by <a href="/wiki/Ukase" title="Ukase">presidential decree</a>.<a href="#cite_note-289">[289]</a><a href="#cite_note-290">[290]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_7" title="November 7">November 7</a> – The first report on <a href="/wiki/Carbon_nanotube" title="Carbon nanotube">carbon nanotubes</a> is published by <a href="/wiki/Sumio_Iijima" title="Sumio Iijima">Sumio Iijima</a> in <a href="/wiki/Nature_(journal)" title="Nature (journal)">Nature</a>.<a href="#cite_note-291">[291]</a><a href="#cite_note-292">[292]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_9" title="November 9">November 9</a> – The British <a href="/wiki/Joint_European_Torus" title="Joint European Torus">JET</a> fusion reactor generates 1.5 MW output power.<a href="#cite_note-293">[293]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_14" title="November 14">November 14</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_government" class="mw-redirect" title="American government">American</a> and <a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Government of the United Kingdom">British authorities</a> announce indictments against two <a href="/wiki/Libyan_Intelligence_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="Libyan Intelligence Service">Libyan intelligence officials</a> in connection with the downing of the <a href="/wiki/Pan_Am_Flight_103" title="Pan Am Flight 103">Pan Am Flight 103</a>.<a href="#cite_note-294">[294]</a><a href="#cite_note-295">[295]</a><a href="#cite_note-296">[296]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Norodom" title="House of Norodom">Cambodian Prince</a> <a href="/wiki/Norodom_Sihanouk" title="Norodom Sihanouk">Norodom Sihanouk</a> returns to <a href="/wiki/Phnom_Penh" title="Phnom Penh">Phnom Penh</a> after 13 years of exile.<a href="#cite_note-297">[297]</a></li> <li>Lebanon Hostage Crisis: Kidnappers in <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a> set <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion" title="Anglican Communion">Anglican Church</a> envoys <a href="/wiki/Terry_Waite" title="Terry Waite">Terry Waite</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sutherland_(academic)" title="Thomas Sutherland (academic)">Thomas Sutherland</a> free.<a href="#cite_note-298">[298]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_18" title="November 18">November 18</a> – Dissolution of Yugoslavia: The forces of the <a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_People%27s_Army" title="Yugoslav People's Army">Yugoslav People's Army</a> (JNA) and <a href="/wiki/Serb_paramilitaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Serb paramilitaries">Serb paramilitaries</a> take the <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatian</a> town of <a href="/wiki/Vukovar" title="Vukovar">Vukovar</a> after the 87-day <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vukovar" title="Battle of Vukovar">Battle of Vukovar</a>. They <a href="/wiki/Vukovar_massacre" title="Vukovar massacre">kill more than 260 Croatian prisoners of war</a>.<a href="#cite_note-299">[299]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_20" title="November 20">November 20</a> – An <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijan" title="Azerbaijan">Azerbaijani</a> <a href="/wiki/Mil_Mi-8" title="Mil Mi-8">Mil Mi-8</a> helicopter carrying a 19-member peacekeeping mission team is <a href="/wiki/1991_Azerbaijani_Mil_Mi-8_shootdown" title="1991 Azerbaijani Mil Mi-8 shootdown">shot down</a> by <a href="/wiki/Armenian_military" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenian military">Armenian military forces</a> in <a href="/wiki/Khojavend_District" title="Khojavend District">Khojavend District</a>, Azerbaijan.<a href="#cite_note-Kommersant-300">[300]</a><a href="#cite_note-Az-301">[301]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_21" title="November 21">November 21</a> – The <a href="/wiki/1991_United_Nations_Secretary-General_selection" title="1991 United Nations Secretary-General selection">UN Security Council recommends</a> <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Egypt" title="Prime Minister of Egypt">Egypt's deputy prime minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Boutros_Boutros-Ghali" title="Boutros Boutros-Ghali">Boutros Boutros-Ghali</a> to be the next <a href="/wiki/Secretary-General_of_the_United_Nations" title="Secretary-General of the United Nations">Secretary-General of the UN</a>.<a href="#cite_note-302">[302]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_23" title="November 23">November 23</a> – Members of the <a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Great_Britain" title="Communist Party of Great Britain">Communist Party of Great Britain</a> vote to dissolve the party and found the think-tank <a href="/wiki/Democratic_Left_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Democratic Left (UK)">Democratic Left</a> in its place.<a href="#cite_note-303">[303]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_24" title="November 24">November 24</a> – <a href="/wiki/Queen_(band)" title="Queen (band)">Queen</a> lead singer <a href="/wiki/Freddie_Mercury" title="Freddie Mercury">Freddie Mercury</a> <a href="/wiki/Death_of_Freddie_Mercury" class="mw-redirect" title="Death of Freddie Mercury">dies</a> in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> from <a href="/wiki/AIDS" class="mw-redirect" title="AIDS">AIDS</a> induced pneumonia. In an unrelated incident, <a href="/wiki/Kiss_(band)" title="Kiss (band)">Kiss</a> drummer <a href="/wiki/Eric_Carr" title="Eric Carr">Eric Carr</a> dies from <a href="/wiki/Heart_cancer" title="Heart cancer">heart cancer</a>.<a href="#cite_note-304">[304]</a><a href="#cite_note-305">[305]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_26" title="November 26">November 26</a> – The <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_(Azerbaijan)" title="National Assembly (Azerbaijan)">National Assembly of Azerbaijan</a> <a href="/wiki/Law_on_Abolishment_of_Nagorno-Karabakh_Autonomous_Oblast" title="Law on Abolishment of Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast">abolishes</a> the autonomous status of the <a href="/wiki/Nagorno-Karabakh_Autonomous_Oblast" title="Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast">Nagorno-Karabakh Autonomous Oblast</a> and renames several cities to their <a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_language" title="Azerbaijani language">Azeri</a> names.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Jackson" title="Michael Jackson">Michael Jackson</a> releases <a href="/wiki/Dangerous_(Michael_Jackson_album)" title="Dangerous (Michael Jackson album)">Dangerous</a>, selling 5 million copies in the first week.<a href="#cite_note-306">[306]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_27" title="November 27">November 27</a> – Dissolution of Yugoslavia: The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Security_Council" title="United Nations Security Council">UN Security Council</a> unanimously adopts a resolution opening the way to the establishment of <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Protection_Force" title="United Nations Protection Force">peacekeeping operations</a> in Yugoslavia.<a href="#cite_note-307">[307]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="December">December</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1991&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: December">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RIAN_archive_848095_Signing_the_Agreement_to_eliminate_the_USSR_and_establish_the_Commonwealth_of_Independent_States.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/RIAN_archive_848095_Signing_the_Agreement_to_eliminate_the_USSR_and_establish_the_Commonwealth_of_Independent_States.jpg/164px-RIAN_archive_848095_Signing_the_Agreement_to_eliminate_the_USSR_and_establish_the_Commonwealth_of_Independent_States.jpg" decoding="async" width="164" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/RIAN_archive_848095_Signing_the_Agreement_to_eliminate_the_USSR_and_establish_the_Commonwealth_of_Independent_States.jpg/246px-RIAN_archive_848095_Signing_the_Agreement_to_eliminate_the_USSR_and_establish_the_Commonwealth_of_Independent_States.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/RIAN_archive_848095_Signing_the_Agreement_to_eliminate_the_USSR_and_establish_the_Commonwealth_of_Independent_States.jpg/328px-RIAN_archive_848095_Signing_the_Agreement_to_eliminate_the_USSR_and_establish_the_Commonwealth_of_Independent_States.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2622" data-file-height="1724" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/December_8" title="December 8">December 8</a>: The signing of the agreement effectively ending the Soviet regime's existence and the founding of the Commonwealth of Independent States.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/December_1" title="December 1">December 1</a> – Dissolution of the Soviet Union: <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukrainians</a> vote overwhelmingly for <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Independence_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian Independence Day">independence from the Soviet Union</a> in a <a href="/wiki/1991_Ukrainian_independence_referendum" title="1991 Ukrainian independence referendum">referendum</a>.<a href="#cite_note-308">[308]</a><a href="#cite_note-309">[309]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_4" title="December 4">December 4</a> <ul><li>Lebanon Hostage Crisis: Journalist <a href="/wiki/Terry_A._Anderson" title="Terry A. Anderson">Terry A. Anderson</a> is released after seven years of captivity as a hostage in <a href="/wiki/Beirut" title="Beirut">Beirut</a> – the last and longest-held American hostage in <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-310">[310]</a><a href="#cite_note-311">[311]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Leonard_Orr" title="John Leonard Orr">John Leonard Orr</a>, one of the most prolific serial arsonists of the 20th century, is arrested in <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>.<a href="#cite_note-312">[312]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan_Am" title="Pan Am">Pan Am</a> is officially dissolved 64 years of operation</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_8" title="December 8">December 8</a> – Dissolution of the Soviet Union: In the <a href="/wiki/Bia%C5%82owie%C5%BCa_Forest" title="Białowieża Forest">Białowieża Forest</a> Nature Reserve in Belarus, the leaders of <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belarus" title="Belarus">Belarus</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> sign <a href="/wiki/Belovezha_Accords" title="Belovezha Accords">an agreement</a> officially ending the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> and establishing the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Independent_States" title="Commonwealth of Independent States">Commonwealth of Independent States</a> (CIS) in its place.<a href="#cite_note-313">[313]</a><a href="#cite_note-314">[314]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_11" title="December 11">December 11</a> – Dissolution of Yugoslavia: <a href="/wiki/Croatia" title="Croatia">Croatian</a> forces <a href="/wiki/Paulin_Dvor_massacre" title="Paulin Dvor massacre">kill 18 Serbs and one Hungarian</a> in the village of <a href="/wiki/Paulin_Dvor" title="Paulin Dvor">Paulin Dvor</a>, Croatia.<a href="#cite_note-315">[315]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_12" title="December 12">December 12</a> <ul><li>The government of <a href="/wiki/Nigeria" title="Nigeria">Nigeria</a> moves the capital from <a href="/wiki/Lagos" title="Lagos">Lagos</a> to <a href="/wiki/Abuja" title="Abuja">Abuja</a>.<a href="#cite_note-316">[316]</a><a href="#cite_note-317">[317]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> becomes the first <a href="/wiki/Post-Soviet_states" title="Post-Soviet states">post-Soviet republic</a> to <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_by_country_or_territory" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights by country or territory">decriminalize homosexuality</a>.<a href="#cite_note-ILGA_2008-318">[318]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_15" title="December 15">December 15</a> – The <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egyptian</a> ferry <a href="/wiki/MV_Salem_Express" title="MV Salem Express">Salem Express</a> sinks in the <a href="/wiki/Red_Sea" title="Red Sea">Red Sea</a>, killing more than 450 people.<a href="#cite_note-319">[319]</a><a href="#cite_note-320">[320]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_16" title="December 16">December 16</a> – The <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">UN General Assembly</a> adopts <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_46/86" class="mw-redirect" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution 46/86">UN General Assembly Resolution 46/86</a>, repealing a <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly_Resolution_3379" title="United Nations General Assembly Resolution 3379">previous resolution</a> adopted in 1975 which had ruled that <a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a> is a form of <a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">racism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-321">[321]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_19" title="December 19">December 19</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Keating" title="Paul Keating">Paul Keating</a> defeats <a href="/wiki/Bob_Hawke" title="Bob Hawke">Bob Hawke</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Australian_Labor_Party" title="Australian Labor Party">Labor Party</a> <a href="/wiki/December_1991_Australian_Labor_Party_leadership_spill" title="December 1991 Australian Labor Party leadership spill">leadership ballot</a> and consequently becomes the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Australia" title="Prime Minister of Australia">Prime Minister of Australia</a>; he is sworn in the following day.<a href="#cite_note-322">[322]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skarnsund_Bridge" title="Skarnsund Bridge">Skarnsund Bridge</a> opens in Norway, becoming the world's longest <a href="/wiki/Cable-stayed_bridge" title="Cable-stayed bridge">cable-stayed bridge</a> for two years with a span of 530 metres (1,739 ft).<a href="#cite_note-323">[323]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_21" title="December 21">December 21</a> – The <a href="/wiki/North_Atlantic_Cooperation_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="North Atlantic Cooperation Council">North Atlantic Cooperation Council</a> (NAC-C) meets for the first time.<a href="#cite_note-324">[324]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_22" title="December 22">December 22</a> – Armed opposition groups launch a <a href="/wiki/1991%E2%80%9392_Georgian_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" class="mw-redirect" title="1991–92 Georgian coup d'état">military coup</a> against <a href="/wiki/President_of_Georgia" title="President of Georgia">President of Georgia</a> <a href="/wiki/Zviad_Gamsakhurdia" title="Zviad Gamsakhurdia">Zviad Gamsakhurdia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-325">[325]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_24" title="December 24">December 24</a> – Dissolution of the Soviet Union: <a href="/wiki/Russian_SFSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian SFSR">Russian SFSR</a> <a href="/wiki/President_of_Russia" title="President of Russia">President</a> <a href="/wiki/Boris_Yeltsin" title="Boris Yeltsin">Boris Yeltsin</a> sends a letter to <a href="/wiki/UN_Secretary-General" class="mw-redirect" title="UN Secretary-General">UN Secretary-General</a> <a href="/wiki/Javier_P%C3%A9rez_de_Cu%C3%A9llar" title="Javier Pérez de Cuéllar">Javier Pérez de Cuéllar</a>, declaring that <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> will be the succeeding country to the collapsing Soviet Union in the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>.<a href="#cite_note-326">[326]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_25" title="December 25">December 25</a> <ul><li>Dissolution of the Soviet Union: <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a> resigns as <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="President of the Soviet Union">president of the Soviet Union</a>, from which most republics have already seceded, anticipating the dissolving of the <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="History of the Soviet Union">69-year-old state</a>.<a href="#cite_note-327">[327]</a><a href="#cite_note-328">[328]</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Russian_Soviet_Federative_Socialist_Republic" title="Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic">Russian SFSR</a> officially renames itself the <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russian Federation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-329">[329]</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_26" title="December 26">December 26</a> – Dissolution of the Soviet Union: The <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Soviet_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union">Supreme Soviet</a> meets for the last time, formally dissolves the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a>, and adjourns <a href="/wiki/Adjournment_sine_die" title="Adjournment sine die">sine die</a>, ending the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>. All remaining Soviet institutions eventually cease operation on <a href="/wiki/December_31" title="December 31">December 31</a>.<a href="#cite_note-330">[330]</a><a href="#cite_note-331">[331]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Births_and_deaths">Births and deaths</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1991&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Births and deaths">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951" /><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main pages: <a href="/wiki/Category:1991_births" title="Category:1991 births">Category:1991 births</a> and <a href="/wiki/Deaths_in_1991" class="mw-redirect" title="Deaths in 1991">Deaths in 1991</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nobel_Prizes">Nobel Prizes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1991&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Nobel Prizes">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nobel_medal.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6a/Nobel_medal.png/120px-Nobel_medal.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6a/Nobel_medal.png/180px-Nobel_medal.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6a/Nobel_medal.png/240px-Nobel_medal.png 2x" data-file-width="1013" data-file-height="1013" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Chemistry" title="Nobel Prize in Chemistry">Chemistry</a> – <a href="/wiki/Richard_R._Ernst" title="Richard R. Ernst">Richard R. Ernst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Memorial_Prize_in_Economic_Sciences" title="Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences">Economics</a> – <a href="/wiki/Ronald_Coase" title="Ronald Coase">Ronald Coase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Literature" title="Nobel Prize in Literature">Literature</a> – <a href="/wiki/Nadine_Gordimer" title="Nadine Gordimer">Nadine Gordimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Peace_Prize" title="Nobel Peace Prize">Peace</a> – <a href="/wiki/Aung_San_Suu_Kyi" title="Aung San Suu Kyi">Aung San Suu Kyi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physics" title="Nobel Prize in Physics">Physics</a> – <a href="/wiki/Pierre-Gilles_de_Gennes" title="Pierre-Gilles de Gennes">Pierre-Gilles de Gennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize_in_Physiology_or_Medicine" title="Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine">Physiology or Medicine</a> – <a href="/wiki/Erwin_Neher" title="Erwin Neher">Erwin Neher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bert_Sakmann" title="Bert Sakmann">Bert Sakmann</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=1991&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006111625/http://www.economist.com/node/18988536">"India's economy: One more push"</a>. The Economist. July 21, 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.economist.com/node/18988536">the original</a> on October 6, 2014. Retrieved October 4, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Economist&rft.atitle=India%27s+economy%3A+One+more+push&rft.date=2011-07-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fnode%2F18988536&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-latimes-2"><a href="#cite_ref-latimes_2-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKraft1991" class="citation news cs1">Kraft, Scott (June 18, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-06-18-mn-929-story.html">"S. Africa Repeals Apartheid Basis"</a>. Los Angeles Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211214112117/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-06-18-mn-929-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 14, 2021. Retrieved August 2, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=S.+Africa+Repeals+Apartheid+Basis&rft.date=1991-06-18&rft.aulast=Kraft&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1991-06-18-mn-929-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPaltrow1991" class="citation news cs1">Paltrow, Scot J. (April 18, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-04-18-mn-177-story.html">"Dow's Close Tops 3,000 Barrier for First Time : Stocks: The index had passed the mark on other days, but retreated before the end of tradings"</a>. Los Angeles Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211214105833/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-04-18-mn-177-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 14, 2021. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Dow%27s+Close+Tops+3%2C000+Barrier+for+First+Time+%3A+Stocks%3A+The+index+had+passed+the+mark+on+other+days%2C+but+retreated+before+the+end+of+tradings&rft.date=1991-04-18&rft.aulast=Paltrow&rft.aufirst=Scot+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1991-04-18-mn-177-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCameron2011" class="citation web cs1">Cameron, Keith (June 11, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/music/2011/jun/12/nirvana-kill-hair-metal">"Nirvana kill hair metal"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200621153223/https://www.theguardian.com/music/2011/jun/12/nirvana-kill-hair-metal">Archived</a> from the original on June 21, 2020. Retrieved June 19, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Nirvana+kill+hair+metal&rft.date=2011-06-11&rft.aulast=Cameron&rft.aufirst=Keith&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fmusic%2F2011%2Fjun%2F12%2Fnirvana-kill-hair-metal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFThompson2015" class="citation news cs1">Thompson, Derek (May 8, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/culture/archive/2015/05/1991-the-most-important-year-in-music/392642">"1991: The Most Important Year in Pop-Music History"</a>. The Atlantic. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211214120206/https://www.theatlantic.com/culture/archive/2015/05/1991-the-most-important-year-in-music/392642/">Archived</a> from the original on December 14, 2021. Retrieved December 14, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=1991%3A+The+Most+Important+Year+in+Pop-Music+History&rft.date=2015-05-08&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Derek&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fculture%2Farchive%2F2015%2F05%2F1991-the-most-important-year-in-music%2F392642&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGreenhouse1991" class="citation news cs1">Greenhouse, Steven (January 1, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1991/01/01/world/czechs-begin-shift-to-a-free-market.html">"Czechs Begin Shift to a Free Market"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201105063345/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/01/01/world/czechs-begin-shift-to-a-free-market.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 5, 2020. Retrieved August 18, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Czechs+Begin+Shift+to+a+Free+Market&rft.date=1991-01-01&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Greenhouse&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1991%2F01%2F01%2Fworld%2Fczechs-begin-shift-to-a-free-market.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCvetkovski" class="citation web cs1">Cvetkovski, Nikola. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090430213436/http://www.caucasus.dk/chapter4.htm">"The Georgian – South Ossetian Conflict"</a>. Danish Association for Research on the Caucasus. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.caucasus.dk/chapter4.htm">the original</a> on April 30, 2009. Retrieved April 11, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Georgian+%E2%80%93+South+Ossetian+Conflict&rft.pub=Danish+Association+for+Research+on+the+Caucasus&rft.aulast=Cvetkovski&rft.aufirst=Nikola&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.caucasus.dk%2Fchapter4.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://osupublicationarchives.osu.edu/?a=d&d=LTN19910108-01.2.43&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------">"The Lantern 8 January 1991 – Ohio State University Newspaper Archives"</a>. osupublicationarchives.osu.edu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231005155035/https://osupublicationarchives.osu.edu/?a=d&d=LTN19910108-01.2.43&e=-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------">Archived</a> from the original on October 5, 2023. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=osupublicationarchives.osu.edu&rft.atitle=The+Lantern+8+January+1991+%E2%80%93+Ohio+State+University+Newspaper+Archives&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fosupublicationarchives.osu.edu%2F%3Fa%3Dd%26d%3DLTN19910108-01.2.43%26e%3D-------en-20--1--txt-txIN-------&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFriedman1991" class="citation news cs1">Friedman, Thomas L. (January 9, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1991/01/09/world/confrontation-in-the-gulf-iraqi-in-geneva-says-pressure-won-t-work.html">"Confrontation in the Gulf; Iraqi, in Geneva, Says Pressure Won't Work"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210613002019/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/01/09/world/confrontation-in-the-gulf-iraqi-in-geneva-says-pressure-won-t-work.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 13, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Confrontation+in+the+Gulf%3B+Iraqi%2C+in+Geneva%2C+Says+Pressure+Won%27t+Work&rft.date=1991-01-09&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Friedman&rft.aufirst=Thomas+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1991%2F01%2F09%2Fworld%2Fconfrontation-in-the-gulf-iraqi-in-geneva-says-pressure-won-t-work.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHoffmanDrozdiak1991" class="citation news cs1">Hoffman, David; Drozdiak, William (January 9, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1991/01/09/baker-and-aziz-arrive-in-geneva/585e554f-ffb9-4576-9bb7-86ec42640575/">"Baker and Aziz Arrive in Geneva"</a>. The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201229222527/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1991/01/09/baker-and-aziz-arrive-in-geneva/585e554f-ffb9-4576-9bb7-86ec42640575/">Archived</a> from the original on December 29, 2020. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Baker+and+Aziz+Arrive+in+Geneva&rft.date=1991-01-09&rft.aulast=Hoffman&rft.aufirst=David&rft.au=Drozdiak%2C+William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Fpolitics%2F1991%2F01%2F09%2Fbaker-and-aziz-arrive-in-geneva%2F585e554f-ffb9-4576-9bb7-86ec42640575%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/south-african-major-mass-killings-timeline-1900-2012">"South African major mass killings timeline 1900–2012 | South African History Online"</a>. sahistory.org.za. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210508083518/https://www.sahistory.org.za/article/south-african-major-mass-killings-timeline-1900-2012">Archived</a> from the original on May 8, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sahistory.org.za&rft.atitle=South+African+major+mass+killings+timeline+1900%E2%80%932012+%7C+South+African+History+Online&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sahistory.org.za%2Farticle%2Fsouth-african-major-mass-killings-timeline-1900-2012&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFritzEaton1991" class="citation web cs1">Fritz, Sarah; Eaton, William J. (January 13, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-01-13-mn-374-story.html">"Congress Authorizes Gulf War : Historic act: The vote in both houses, supporting Bush and freeing troops to attack Iraq, is decisive and bipartisan. It is the strongest move since Tonkin Gulf"</a>. Los Angeles Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210207050820/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-01-13-mn-374-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 7, 2021. Retrieved February 2, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Congress+Authorizes+Gulf+War+%3A+Historic+act%3A+The+vote+in+both+houses%2C+supporting+Bush+and+freeing+troops+to+attack+Iraq%2C+is+decisive+and+bipartisan.+It+is+the+strongest+move+since+Tonkin+Gulf.&rft.date=1991-01-13&rft.aulast=Fritz&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft.au=Eaton%2C+William+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1991-01-13-mn-374-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc-onthisday-13"><a href="#cite_ref-bbc-onthisday_13-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/13/newsid_4059000/4059959.stm">"On This Day 13 January, 1991: Bloodshed at Lithuanian TV station"</a>. BBC News. January 13, 1991. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171109010731/http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/january/13/newsid_4059000/4059959.stm">Archived</a> from the original on November 9, 2017. Retrieved September 13, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=On+This+Day+13+January%2C+1991%3A+Bloodshed+at+Lithuanian+TV+station&rft.date=1991-01-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fonthisday%2Fhi%2Fdates%2Fstories%2Fjanuary%2F13%2Fnewsid_4059000%2F4059959.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mod.gov.lv/en/about-us/history/adoption-declaration-independence-barricades-1990-1991">"Adoption of the Declaration of Independence, the Barricades (1990–1991) | Aizsardzības ministrija"</a>. mod.gov.lv. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210727192552/https://www.mod.gov.lv/en/about-us/history/adoption-declaration-independence-barricades-1990-1991">Archived</a> from the original on July 27, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mod.gov.lv&rft.atitle=Adoption+of+the+Declaration+of+Independence%2C+the+Barricades+%281990%E2%80%931991%29+%7C+Aizsardz%C4%ABbas+ministrija&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mod.gov.lv%2Fen%2Fabout-us%2Fhistory%2Fadoption-declaration-independence-barricades-1990-1991&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLieven1994" class="citation book cs1">Lieven, Anatol (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iz3NACNOpCAC&pg=PA410">The Baltic Revolution: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and the Path to Independence</a>. Yale University Press. p. 410. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-06078-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-06078-2"><bdi>978-0-300-06078-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207101429/https://books.google.com/books?id=iz3NACNOpCAC&pg=PA410#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved October 8, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Baltic+Revolution%3A+Estonia%2C+Latvia%2C+Lithuania+and+the+Path+to+Independence&rft.pages=410&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-300-06078-2&rft.aulast=Lieven&rft.aufirst=Anatol&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Diz3NACNOpCAC%26pg%3DPA410&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFParks1991" class="citation web cs1">Parks, Michael (March 4, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-03-04-mn-92-story.html">"Estonia, Latvia Vote Overwhelmingly for Independence : Baltics: Secession from the Soviet Union passes by wide margins in both republics. The next test is a countrywide referendum on Gorbachev's plan"</a>. Los Angeles Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210804170803/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-03-04-mn-92-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 4, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Estonia%2C+Latvia+Vote+Overwhelmingly+for+Independence+%3A+Baltics%3A+Secession+from+the+Soviet+Union+passes+by+wide+margins+in+both+republics.+The+next+test+is+a+countrywide+referendum+on+Gorbachev%27s+plan.&rft.date=1991-03-04&rft.aulast=Parks&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1991-03-04-mn-92-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFClines1991" class="citation news cs1">Clines, Francis X. (March 4, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1991/03/04/world/latvia-and-estonia-vote-for-sovereignty.html">"Latvia and Estonia Vote for Sovereignty"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210303074429/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/03/04/world/latvia-and-estonia-vote-for-sovereignty.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 3, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Latvia+and+Estonia+Vote+for+Sovereignty&rft.date=1991-03-04&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Clines&rft.aufirst=Francis+X.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1991%2F03%2F04%2Fworld%2Flatvia-and-estonia-vote-for-sovereignty.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGoldmanKempster1990" class="citation web cs1">Goldman, John J.; Kempster, Norman (November 30, 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-11-30-mn-5769-story.html">"U.N. Gives Iraq Until Jan. 15 to Leave Kuwait or Face War : Gulf crisis: Historic measure passes 12 to 2, with China abstaining. It is only the second time the Security Council has voted to use military force"</a>. Los Angeles Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210201154339/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-11-30-mn-5769-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 1, 2021. Retrieved February 2, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=U.N.+Gives+Iraq+Until+Jan.+15+to+Leave+Kuwait+or+Face+War+%3A+Gulf+crisis%3A+Historic+measure+passes+12+to+2%2C+with+China+abstaining.+It+is+only+the+second+time+the+Security+Council+has+voted+to+use+military+force.&rft.date=1990-11-30&rft.aulast=Goldman&rft.aufirst=John+J.&rft.au=Kempster%2C+Norman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1990-11-30-mn-5769-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBaker2006" class="citation journal cs1">Baker, Bruce (December 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-modern-african-studies/article/div-classtitlecape-verde-the-most-democratic-nation-in-africadiv/0CB09558A9EAFBE92F718ADF6BE9D0C2">"Cape Verde: The Most Democratic Nation in Africa?"</a>. The Journal of Modern African Studies. 44 (4): 495. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0022278X06002060">10.1017/S0022278X06002060</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0022-278X">0022-278X</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:144361839">144361839</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190402202637/https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-modern-african-studies/article/div-classtitlecape-verde-the-most-democratic-nation-in-africadiv/0CB09558A9EAFBE92F718ADF6BE9D0C2">Archived</a> from the original on April 2, 2019. Retrieved April 2, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Modern+African+Studies&rft.atitle=Cape+Verde%3A+The+Most+Democratic+Nation+in+Africa%3F&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=495&rft.date=2006-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A144361839%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0022-278X&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0022278X06002060&rft.aulast=Baker&rft.aufirst=Bruce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cambridge.org%2Fcore%2Fjournals%2Fjournal-of-modern-african-studies%2Farticle%2Fdiv-classtitlecape-verde-the-most-democratic-nation-in-africadiv%2F0CB09558A9EAFBE92F718ADF6BE9D0C2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMoïse" class="citation web cs1">Moïse, Edwin E. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150806173418/http://www.clemson.edu/caah/history/FacultyPages/EdMoise/limit1.html">"Limited War : The Stereotypes"</a>. Clemson University. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.clemson.edu/caah/history/FacultyPages/EdMoise/limit1.html">the original</a> on August 6, 2015. Retrieved July 2, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Limited+War+%3A+The+Stereotypes&rft.pub=Clemson+University&rft.aulast=Mo%C3%AFse&rft.aufirst=Edwin+E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.clemson.edu%2Fcaah%2Fhistory%2FFacultyPages%2FEdMoise%2Flimit1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFValentine2016" class="citation book cs1">Valentine, Janet G. (May 23, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=pQ03DAAAQBAJ">American Military History: A Survey From Colonial Times to the Present</a>. Routledge. p. 358. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-315-51100-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-315-51100-9"><bdi>978-1-315-51100-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231005160246/https://books.google.com/books?id=pQ03DAAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on October 5, 2023. Retrieved September 10, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Military+History%3A+A+Survey+From+Colonial+Times+to+the+Present&rft.pages=358&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016-05-23&rft.isbn=978-1-315-51100-9&rft.aulast=Valentine&rft.aufirst=Janet+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpQ03DAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRostker2000" class="citation web cs1">Rostker, Bernard (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110514212635/http://www.iraqwatch.org/government/US/Pentagon/dodscud.htm">"Information Paper: Iraq's Scud Ballistic Missiles"</a>. Wisconsin Project on Nuclear Arms Control from 2000 to 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iraqwatch.org/government/US/Pentagon/dodscud.htm">the original</a> on May 14, 2011. Retrieved May 21, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Information+Paper%3A+Iraq%27s+Scud+Ballistic+Missiles&rft.pub=Wisconsin+Project+on+Nuclear+Arms+Control+from+2000+to+2006&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=Rostker&rft.aufirst=Bernard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iraqwatch.org%2Fgovernment%2FUS%2FPentagon%2Fdodscud.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated4-23"><a href="#cite_ref-autogenerated4_23-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFetterLewisGronlund1993" class="citation journal cs1">Fetter, Steve; Lewis, George N.; <a href="/wiki/Lisbeth_Gronlund" title="Lisbeth Gronlund">Gronlund, Lisbeth</a> (January 28, 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.drum.lib.umd.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/4738f048-bb00-4f30-8097-2ff88be6a792/content">"Why were Casualties so low?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Nature_(journal)" title="Nature (journal)">Nature</a>. 361 (6410). London: 293–296. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F361293a0">10.1038/361293a0</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/1903%2F4282">1903/4282</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4343235">4343235</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240817070947/https://api.drum.lib.umd.edu/server/api/core/bitstreams/4738f048-bb00-4f30-8097-2ff88be6a792/content">Archived</a> from the original on August 17, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Why+were+Casualties+so+low%3F&rft.volume=361&rft.issue=6410&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E293-%3C%2Fspan%3E296&rft.date=1993-01-28&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F1903%2F4282&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A4343235%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F361293a0&rft.aulast=Fetter&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft.au=Lewis%2C+George+N.&rft.au=Gronlund%2C+Lisbeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.drum.lib.umd.edu%2Fserver%2Fapi%2Fcore%2Fbitstreams%2F4738f048-bb00-4f30-8097-2ff88be6a792%2Fcontent&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKifner1991" class="citation news cs1">Kifner, John (January 23, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1991/01/23/world/war-in-the-gulf-tel-aviv-3-die-96-are-hurt-in-israeli-suburb.html">"War in the Gulf: Tel Aviv; 3 Die, 96 are Hurt in Israeli Suburb"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170630062830/http://www.nytimes.com/1991/01/23/world/war-in-the-gulf-tel-aviv-3-die-96-are-hurt-in-israeli-suburb.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 30, 2017. Retrieved August 18, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=War+in+the+Gulf%3A+Tel+Aviv%3B+3+Die%2C+96+are+Hurt+in+Israeli+Suburb&rft.date=1991-01-23&rft.aulast=Kifner&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1991%2F01%2F23%2Fworld%2Fwar-in-the-gulf-tel-aviv-3-die-96-are-hurt-in-israeli-suburb.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAtkinsonBalz1991" class="citation news cs1">Atkinson, Rick; Balz, Dan (January 23, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/inatl/longterm/fogofwar/archive/post012291.htm">"Scud Hits Tel Aviv, Leaving 3 Dead, 96 Hurt"</a>. The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006145653/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/inatl/longterm/fogofwar/archive/post012291.htm">Archived</a> from the original on October 6, 2014. Retrieved June 2, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Scud+Hits+Tel+Aviv%2C+Leaving+3+Dead%2C+96+Hurt&rft.date=1991-01-23&rft.aulast=Atkinson&rft.aufirst=Rick&rft.au=Balz%2C+Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-srv%2Finatl%2Flongterm%2Ffogofwar%2Farchive%2Fpost012291.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Harald-V">"Harald V | Biography & Facts"</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180910205016/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Harald-V">Archived</a> from the original on September 10, 2018. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Harald+V+%7C+Biography+%26+Facts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FHarald-V&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBearak1991" class="citation web cs1">Bearak, Barry (January 20, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-01-20-mn-895-story.html">"The Day After Eastern Folds: Many Passengers Are Left Up in the Air : Travel: Some connect with other carriers, several are left on standby status. The 62-year-old airline finally succumbed to a number of infirmities"</a>. Los Angeles Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200830184945/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-01-20-mn-895-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 30, 2020. Retrieved August 18, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=The+Day+After+Eastern+Folds%3A+Many+Passengers+Are+Left+Up+in+the+Air+%3A+Travel%3A+Some+connect+with+other+carriers%2C+several+are+left+on+standby+status.+The+62-year-old+airline+finally+succumbed+to+a+number+of+infirmities.&rft.date=1991-01-20&rft.aulast=Bearak&rft.aufirst=Barry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1991-01-20-mn-895-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAirways2016" class="citation web cs1">Airways (December 4, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200830192338/https://airwaysmag.com/airchive/the-last-clipper-flight/">"December 4, 1991: The Last "Clipper" Flight"</a>. Airways Magazine. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://airwaysmag.com/airchive/the-last-clipper-flight/">the original</a> on August 30, 2020. Retrieved August 18, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Airways+Magazine&rft.atitle=December+4%2C+1991%3A+The+Last+%22Clipper%22+Flight&rft.date=2016-12-04&rft.au=Airways&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fairwaysmag.com%2Fairchive%2Fthe-last-clipper-flight%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://britains-smallwars.com/campaigns/gulf-war/page.php?art_url=gulf-sas">"The SAS Operations | Gulf-war | Britain's Small Wars"</a>. britains-smallwars.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240722141527/https://britains-smallwars.com/campaigns/gulf-war/page.php?art_url=gulf-sas">Archived</a> from the original on July 22, 2024. Retrieved November 20, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=britains-smallwars.com&rft.atitle=The+SAS+Operations+%7C+Gulf-war+%7C+Britain%27s+Small+Wars&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbritains-smallwars.com%2Fcampaigns%2Fgulf-war%2Fpage.php%3Fart_url%3Dgulf-sas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWoodbury2015" class="citation book cs1">Woodbury, Jo (January 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.defence.gov.au/ADC/Publications/IndoPac/Woodbury%20paper%20(IPSD%20version).pdf">The Bougainville Independence Referendum: Assessing the Risks and Challenges Before, During and After the Referendum</a> (PDF). Indo-Pacific Strategy Papers. Canberra: Centre for Defence and Strategic Studies (CDSS), Australian Defence College. p. 7. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151029183001/http://www.defence.gov.au/ADC/Publications/IndoPac/Woodbury%20paper%20%28IPSD%20version%29.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on October 29, 2015. Retrieved March 13, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bougainville+Independence+Referendum%3A+Assessing+the+Risks+and+Challenges+Before%2C+During+and+After+the+Referendum&rft.place=Canberra&rft.series=Indo-Pacific+Strategy+Papers&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=Centre+for+Defence+and+Strategic+Studies+%28CDSS%29%2C+Australian+Defence+College&rft.date=2015-01&rft.aulast=Woodbury&rft.aufirst=Jo&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.defence.gov.au%2FADC%2FPublications%2FIndoPac%2FWoodbury%2520paper%2520%28IPSD%2520version%29.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mohamed-Siad-Barre">"Mohamed Siad Barre | president of Somalia"</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191226092942/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mohamed-Siad-Barre">Archived</a> from the original on December 26, 2019. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Mohamed+Siad+Barre+%7C+president+of+Somalia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FMohamed-Siad-Barre&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-01-29-mn-417-story.html">"New President of Somalia Is Sworn In"</a>. Los Angeles Times. January 29, 1991. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210613002027/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-01-29-mn-417-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 13, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=New+President+of+Somalia+Is+Sworn+In&rft.date=1991-01-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1991-01-29-mn-417-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omalley.nelsonmandela.org/omalley/cis/omalley/OMalleyWeb/03lv02039/04lv02040/05lv02042.htm">"1991"</a>. omalley.nelsonmandela.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210614095018/https://omalley.nelsonmandela.org/omalley/cis/omalley/OMalleyWeb/03lv02039/04lv02040/05lv02042.htm">Archived</a> from the original on June 14, 2021. Retrieved February 2, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=omalley.nelsonmandela.org&rft.atitle=1991&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fomalley.nelsonmandela.org%2Fomalley%2Fcis%2Fomalley%2FOMalleyWeb%2F03lv02039%2F04lv02040%2F05lv02042.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNoble1991" class="citation news cs1">Noble, Kenneth B. (September 15, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1991/09/15/world/two-black-groups-and-pretoria-sign-peace-agreement.html">"Two Black Groups and Pretoria Sign Peace Agreement"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210206223956/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/09/15/world/two-black-groups-and-pretoria-sign-peace-agreement.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 6, 2021. Retrieved February 2, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Two+Black+Groups+and+Pretoria+Sign+Peace+Agreement&rft.date=1991-09-15&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Noble&rft.aufirst=Kenneth+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1991%2F09%2F15%2Fworld%2Ftwo-black-groups-and-pretoria-sign-peace-agreement.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLambeth2014" class="citation web cs1">Lambeth, Benjamin S. (February 1, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.airforcemag.com/MagazineArchive/Pages/2014/February%202014/0214reversal.aspx">"AirLand Reversal"</a>. Airforcemag.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140219160549/http://www.airforcemag.com/MagazineArchive/Pages/2014/February%202014/0214reversal.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on February 19, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Airforcemag.com&rft.atitle=AirLand+Reversal&rft.date=2014-02-01&rft.aulast=Lambeth&rft.aufirst=Benjamin+S.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.airforcemag.com%2FMagazineArchive%2FPages%2F2014%2FFebruary%25202014%2F0214reversal.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States._National_Transportation_Safety_Board1995" class="citation book cs1">United States. National Transportation Safety Board (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YfY5AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA107">Aircraft Accident Report</a>. U.S. Government. p. 107. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207103558/https://books.google.com/books?id=YfY5AQAAMAAJ&pg=PA107#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved October 8, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aircraft+Accident+Report&rft.pages=107&rft.pub=U.S.+Government&rft.date=1995&rft.au=United+States.+National+Transportation+Safety+Board&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYfY5AQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA107&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/afghanistanpakistan-earthquake-feb-1991-undro-situation-reports-1-6">"Afghanistan/Pakistan Earthquake Feb 1991 UNDRO Situation Reports 1 – 6 – Afghanistan"</a>. ReliefWeb. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210613002020/https://reliefweb.int/report/afghanistan/afghanistanpakistan-earthquake-feb-1991-undro-situation-reports-1-6">Archived</a> from the original on June 13, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Afghanistan%2FPakistan+Earthquake+Feb+1991+UNDRO+Situation+Reports+1+%E2%80%93+6+%E2%80%93+Afghanistan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freliefweb.int%2Freport%2Fafghanistan%2Fafghanistanpakistan-earthquake-feb-1991-undro-situation-reports-1-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NGDC_EQ_list-38"><a href="#cite_ref-NGDC_EQ_list_38-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNational_Geophysical_Data_Center_/_World_Data_Service_(NGDC/WDS):_NCEI/WDS_Global_Significant_Earthquake_Database._NOAA_National_Centers_for_Environmental_Information1972" class="citation web cs1">National Geophysical Data Center / World Data Service (NGDC/WDS): NCEI/WDS Global Significant Earthquake Database. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information (1972). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/earthquake/event-data?country=AFGHANISTAN">"66 Significant Earthquakes where Country = AFGHANISTAN"</a>. NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.7289%2FV5TD9V7K">10.7289/V5TD9V7K</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=66+Significant+Earthquakes+where+Country+%3D+AFGHANISTAN&rft.pub=NOAA+National+Centers+for+Environmental+Information&rft.date=1972&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.7289%2FV5TD9V7K&rft.au=National+Geophysical+Data+Center+%2F+World+Data+Service+%28NGDC%2FWDS%29%3A+NCEI%2FWDS+Global+Significant+Earthquake+Database.+NOAA+National+Centers+for+Environmental+Information&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ngdc.noaa.gov%2Fhazel%2Fview%2Fhazards%2Fearthquake%2Fevent-data%3Fcountry%3DAFGHANISTAN&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWhitaker1994" class="citation book cs1">Whitaker, Joseph (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jQ8wAAAAMAAJ">An Almanack for the Year of Our Lord ...</a> J. Whitaker. p. 900. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207103715/https://books.google.com/books?id=jQ8wAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved October 8, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Almanack+for+the+Year+of+Our+Lord+...&rft.pages=900&rft.pub=J.+Whitaker&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Whitaker&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjQ8wAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWhitney1991" class="citation news cs1">Whitney, Craig R. (February 8, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1991/02/08/world/ira-attacks-10-downing-street-with-mortar-fire-as-cabinet-meets.html">"I.R.A. Attacks 10 Downing Street With Mortar Fire as Cabinet Meets"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220511123919/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/02/08/world/ira-attacks-10-downing-street-with-mortar-fire-as-cabinet-meets.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 11, 2022. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=I.R.A.+Attacks+10+Downing+Street+With+Mortar+Fire+as+Cabinet+Meets&rft.date=1991-02-08&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Whitney&rft.aufirst=Craig+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1991%2F02%2F08%2Fworld%2Fira-attacks-10-downing-street-with-mortar-fire-as-cabinet-meets.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-02-07-mn-1272-story.html">"Terror at 10 Downing St. : Prime Minister, War Cabinet Unhurt in IRA Mortar Attack"</a>. Los Angeles Times. February 7, 1991. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211015202231/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-02-07-mn-1272-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 15, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Terror+at+10+Downing+St.+%3A+Prime+Minister%2C+War+Cabinet+Unhurt+in+IRA+Mortar+Attack&rft.date=1991-02-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1991-02-07-mn-1272-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTaylor" class="citation web cs1">Taylor, Alan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theatlantic.com/photo/2016/01/operation-desert-storm-25-years-since-the-first-gulf-war/424191/">"Operation Desert Storm: 25 Years Since the First Gulf War – The Atlantic"</a>. The Atlantic. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210606114115/https://www.theatlantic.com/photo/2016/01/operation-desert-storm-25-years-since-the-first-gulf-war/424191/">Archived</a> from the original on June 6, 2021. Retrieved February 2, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=Operation+Desert+Storm%3A+25+Years+Since+the+First+Gulf+War+%E2%80%93+The+Atlantic&rft.aulast=Taylor&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Fphoto%2F2016%2F01%2Foperation-desert-storm-25-years-since-the-first-gulf-war%2F424191%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFUnrepresented_Nations_and_Peoples_Organization1997" class="citation book cs1">Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7GhbDxIUkIIC&pg=PA4">Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization: yearbook</a>. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 4. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-411-0439-9" title="Special:BookSources/90-411-0439-9"><bdi>90-411-0439-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207101359/https://books.google.com/books?id=7GhbDxIUkIIC&pg=PA4#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved October 8, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Unrepresented+Nations+and+Peoples+Organization%3A+yearbook&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=Martinus+Nijhoff+Publishers&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=90-411-0439-9&rft.au=Unrepresented+Nations+and+Peoples+Organization&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7GhbDxIUkIIC%26pg%3DPA4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFStanley1991" class="citation news cs1">Stanley, Alessandra (February 14, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1991/02/14/world/war-gulf-overview-iraq-says-us-killed-hundreds-civilians-shelter-but-allies-call.html">"War in the Gulf: The Overview; Iraq says U.S. killed hundreds of civilians at shelter, but alies call it military post"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210803160347/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/02/14/world/war-gulf-overview-iraq-says-us-killed-hundreds-civilians-shelter-but-allies-call.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 3, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=War+in+the+Gulf%3A+The+Overview%3B+Iraq+says+U.S.+killed+hundreds+of+civilians+at+shelter%2C+but+alies+call+it+military+post&rft.date=1991-02-14&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Stanley&rft.aufirst=Alessandra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1991%2F02%2F14%2Fworld%2Fwar-gulf-overview-iraq-says-us-killed-hundreds-civilians-shelter-but-allies-call.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=a35pAAAAMAAJ">RFE/RL Research Report</a>. RFE/RL, Incorporated. 1993. p. 19. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207101319/https://books.google.com/books?id=a35pAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved October 8, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=RFE%2FRL+Research+Report&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=RFE%2FRL%2C+Incorporated&rft.date=1993&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Da35pAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSchmidt1991" class="citation news cs1">Schmidt, William E. (February 19, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1991/02/19/world/2-rail-terminals-in-central-london-hit-by-ira-bombs.html">"2 Rail Terminals In Central London Hit By I.R.A. Bombs"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210613002020/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/02/19/world/2-rail-terminals-in-central-london-hit-by-ira-bombs.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 13, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=2+Rail+Terminals+In+Central+London+Hit+By+I.R.A.+Bombs&rft.date=1991-02-19&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Schmidt&rft.aufirst=William+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1991%2F02%2F19%2Fworld%2F2-rail-terminals-in-central-london-hit-by-ira-bombs.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/europerussiacentral-asia-region/albania-1913-present/">"13. Albania (1913–present)"</a>. uca.edu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211203005307/https://uca.edu/politicalscience/dadm-project/europerussiacentral-asia-region/albania-1913-present/">Archived</a> from the original on December 3, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=uca.edu&rft.atitle=13.+Albania+%281913%E2%80%93present%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fuca.edu%2Fpoliticalscience%2Fdadm-project%2Feuroperussiacentral-asia-region%2Falbania-1913-present%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210613002020/https://apnews.com/article/0527b66ce4005c2d7cafcb2dc11203e6">"Adil Carcani, prime minister of Albania'"</a>. Associated Press News. Associated Press. October 15, 1997. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/0527b66ce4005c2d7cafcb2dc11203e6">the original</a> on June 13, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press+News&rft.atitle=Adil+Carcani%2C+prime+minister+of+Albania%27&rft.date=1997-10-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2F0527b66ce4005c2d7cafcb2dc11203e6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBinder1991" class="citation news cs1">Binder, David (February 23, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1991/02/23/world/albanian-names-cabinet-amid-unrest.html">"Albanian Names Cabinet Amid Unrest"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210613002021/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/02/23/world/albanian-names-cabinet-amid-unrest.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 13, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Albanian+Names+Cabinet+Amid+Unrest&rft.date=1991-02-23&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Binder&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1991%2F02%2F23%2Fworld%2Falbanian-names-cabinet-amid-unrest.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWallace1991" class="citation web cs1">Wallace, Charles P. (February 25, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-02-25-mn-1472-story.html">"Thai Coup Leaders Plan Elections in Six Months : Takeover: The military junta also says it wants to amend the constitution. The whereabouts of the deposed prime minister are unknown"</a>. Los Angeles Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210723144402/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-02-25-mn-1472-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 23, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Thai+Coup+Leaders+Plan+Elections+in+Six+Months+%3A+Takeover%3A+The+military+junta+also+says+it+wants+to+amend+the+constitution.+The+whereabouts+of+the+deposed+prime+minister+are+unknown.&rft.date=1991-02-25&rft.aulast=Wallace&rft.aufirst=Charles+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1991-02-25-mn-1472-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPace1999" class="citation news cs1">Pace, Eric (August 7, 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1999/08/07/world/sunthorn-kongsompong-68-thai-general-led-1991-coup.html">"Sunthorn Kongsompong, 68; Thai General Led 1991 Coup"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211029192801/https://www.nytimes.com/1999/08/07/world/sunthorn-kongsompong-68-thai-general-led-1991-coup.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 29, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Sunthorn+Kongsompong%2C+68%3B+Thai+General+Led+1991+Coup&rft.date=1999-08-07&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Pace&rft.aufirst=Eric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1999%2F08%2F07%2Fworld%2Fsunthorn-kongsompong-68-thai-general-led-1991-coup.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-iraqwatch.org-52"><a href="#cite_ref-iraqwatch.org_52-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110514212635/http://www.iraqwatch.org/government/US/Pentagon/dodscud.htm">"DOD: Information Paper- Iraq's Scud Ballistic Missiles"</a>. Iraqwatch.org. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iraqwatch.org/government/US/Pentagon/dodscud.htm">the original</a> on May 14, 2011. Retrieved March 18, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=DOD%3A+Information+Paper-+Iraq%27s+Scud+Ballistic+Missiles&rft.pub=Iraqwatch.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iraqwatch.org%2Fgovernment%2FUS%2FPentagon%2Fdodscud.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-53">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_53-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_53-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/list/persian-gulf-war-timeline">"Timeline of the Persian Gulf War"</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210527140803/https://www.britannica.com/list/persian-gulf-war-timeline">Archived</a> from the original on May 27, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Timeline+of+the+Persian+Gulf+War&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Flist%2Fpersian-gulf-war-timeline&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBoustany1991" class="citation news cs1">Boustany, Nora (February 27, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1991/02/27/saddam-tells-iraqis-of-pullout-but-claims-dignified-victory/76eedd4f-50a2-48f7-860a-43388a08e5d3/">"Saddam Tells Iraqis of Pullout But Claims "Dignified" Victory"</a>. The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230307013405/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1991/02/27/saddam-tells-iraqis-of-pullout-but-claims-dignified-victory/76eedd4f-50a2-48f7-860a-43388a08e5d3/">Archived</a> from the original on March 7, 2023. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Saddam+Tells+Iraqis+of+Pullout+But+Claims+%22Dignified%22+Victory&rft.date=1991-02-27&rft.aulast=Boustany&rft.aufirst=Nora&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Fpolitics%2F1991%2F02%2F27%2Fsaddam-tells-iraqis-of-pullout-but-claims-dignified-victory%2F76eedd4f-50a2-48f7-860a-43388a08e5d3%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/event/Persian-Gulf-War">"Persian Gulf War | Definition, Summary, History, Dates, Combatants, & Facts"</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150602182044/http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/452778/Persian-Gulf-War">Archived</a> from the original on June 2, 2015. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Persian+Gulf+War+%7C+Definition%2C+Summary%2C+History%2C+Dates%2C+Combatants%2C+%26+Facts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fevent%2FPersian-Gulf-War&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/2023_91.htm">"BANGLADESH: parliamentary elections Jatiya Sangsad, 1991"</a>. archive.ipu.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180806213441/http://archive.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/2023_91.htm">Archived</a> from the original on August 6, 2018. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=archive.ipu.org&rft.atitle=BANGLADESH%3A+parliamentary+elections+Jatiya+Sangsad%2C+1991&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.ipu.org%2Fparline-e%2Freports%2Farc%2F2023_91.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCrossette1991" class="citation news cs1">Crossette, Barbara (March 1, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1991/03/01/world/general-s-widow-wins-bangladesh-vote.html">"General's Widow Wins Bangladesh Vote"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211029101013/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/03/01/world/general-s-widow-wins-bangladesh-vote.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 29, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=General%27s+Widow+Wins+Bangladesh+Vote&rft.date=1991-03-01&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Crossette&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1991%2F03%2F01%2Fworld%2Fgeneral-s-widow-wins-bangladesh-vote.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/saotomeandprincipe/182234.htm">"Sao Tome and Principe (10/24/11)"</a>. U.S. Department of State. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210801133600/https://2009-2017.state.gov/outofdate/bgn/saotomeandprincipe/182234.htm">Archived</a> from the original on August 1, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Department+of+State&rft.atitle=Sao+Tome+and+Principe+%2810%2F24%2F11%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F2009-2017.state.gov%2Foutofdate%2Fbgn%2Fsaotomeandprincipe%2F182234.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://freedomhouse.org/country/sao-tome-and-principe/freedom-world/2020">"São Tomé and Príncipe: Freedom in the World 2020 Country Report"</a>. Freedom House. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210606122031/https://freedomhouse.org/country/sao-tome-and-principe/freedom-world/2020">Archived</a> from the original on June 6, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Freedom+House&rft.atitle=S%C3%A3o+Tom%C3%A9+and+Pr%C3%ADncipe%3A+Freedom+in+the+World+2020+Country+Report&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffreedomhouse.org%2Fcountry%2Fsao-tome-and-principe%2Ffreedom-world%2F2020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/lapd/kingvideo.html">"The Holliday Videotape, George Holliday Video of King Beating"</a>. University of Missouri Kansas City Law School. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210224184149/http://law2.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/lapd/kingvideo.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 24, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Holliday+Videotape%2C+George+Holliday+Video+of+King+Beating&rft.pub=University+of+Missouri+Kansas+City+Law+School&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Flaw2.umkc.edu%2Ffaculty%2Fprojects%2Fftrials%2Flapd%2Fkingvideo.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYT_19920306-61"><a href="#cite_ref-NYT_19920306_61-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMydans1992" class="citation news cs1">Mydans, Seth (March 6, 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1992/03/06/us/police-beating-trial-opens-with-replay-of-videotape.html">"Police Beating Trial Opens With Replay of Videotape"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090717123022/http://www.nytimes.com/1992/03/06/us/police-beating-trial-opens-with-replay-of-videotape.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 17, 2009. Retrieved April 20, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Police+Beating+Trial+Opens+With+Replay+of+Videotape&rft.date=1992-03-06&rft.aulast=Mydans&rft.aufirst=Seth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1992%2F03%2F06%2Fus%2Fpolice-beating-trial-opens-with-replay-of-videotape.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.csmonitor.com/1991/0307/ofill07.html">"India's Prime Minister Resigns"</a>. The Christian Science Monitor. March 7, 1991. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0882-7729">0882-7729</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210613002020/https://www.csmonitor.com/1991/0307/ofill07.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 13, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Christian+Science+Monitor&rft.atitle=India%27s+Prime+Minister+Resigns&rft.date=1991-03-07&rft.issn=0882-7729&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.csmonitor.com%2F1991%2F0307%2Fofill07.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJoshi1991" class="citation web cs1">Joshi, Vijay (March 6, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210616043154/https://apnews.com/article/7466ecc67afb7635076ea9723ffb999f">"India's Prime Minister Resigns"</a>. Associated Press News. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/7466ecc67afb7635076ea9723ffb999f">the original</a> on June 16, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press+News&rft.atitle=India%27s+Prime+Minister+Resigns&rft.date=1991-03-06&rft.aulast=Joshi&rft.aufirst=Vijay&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2F7466ecc67afb7635076ea9723ffb999f&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Chandra-Shekhar">"Chandra Shekhar | prime minister of India"</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210713012656/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Chandra-Shekhar">Archived</a> from the original on July 13, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Chandra+Shekhar+%7C+prime+minister+of+India&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FChandra-Shekhar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBethlehemWeller1997" class="citation book cs1">Bethlehem, D. Daniel L.; Weller, Marc (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=7SczBzxA6-IC&pg=PR26">The "Yugoslav" Crisis in International Law: General Issues</a>. Vol. 1. Cambridge University Press. p. XXVI. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521463041" title="Special:BookSources/9780521463041"><bdi>9780521463041</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207101319/https://books.google.com/books?id=7SczBzxA6-IC&pg=PR26#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved March 9, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+%22Yugoslav%22+Crisis+in+International+Law%3A+General+Issues&rft.pages=XXVI&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=9780521463041&rft.aulast=Bethlehem&rft.aufirst=D.+Daniel+L.&rft.au=Weller%2C+Marc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7SczBzxA6-IC%26pg%3DPR26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1991/03/24/world/governing-salvadoran-party-wins-legislative-vote.html">"Governing Salvadoran Party Wins Legislative Vote"</a>. The New York Times. Reuters. March 24, 1991. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211029101157/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/03/24/world/governing-salvadoran-party-wins-legislative-vote.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 29, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Governing+Salvadoran+Party+Wins+Legislative+Vote&rft.date=1991-03-24&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1991%2F03%2F24%2Fworld%2Fgoverning-salvadoran-party-wins-legislative-vote.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNohlen2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Dieter_Nohlen" title="Dieter Nohlen">Nohlen, Dieter</a>, ed. (2005). Elections in the Americas: A data handbook, Volume I. Oxford University Press. p. 284. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-928357-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-928357-6"><bdi>978-0-19-928357-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Elections+in+the+Americas%3A+A+data+handbook%2C+Volume+I&rft.pages=284&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-19-928357-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRowley1991" class="citation web cs1">Rowley, James (March 14, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210613002019/https://apnews.com/article/e2ceb29859cbab2950defd40bdc0e772">"Exxon Agrees to $1 Billion Settlement of Oil Spill"</a>. Associated Press News. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/e2ceb29859cbab2950defd40bdc0e772">the original</a> on June 13, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press+News&rft.atitle=Exxon+Agrees+to+%241+Billion+Settlement+of+Oil+Spill&rft.date=1991-03-14&rft.aulast=Rowley&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fe2ceb29859cbab2950defd40bdc0e772&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCanada1993" class="citation book cs1">Canada (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=om1RhTvdrVUC&pg=PA18">Transboundary Air Pollution: Agreement Between the United States of America and Canada, Signed at Ottawa March 13, 1991 with Annexes</a>. Department of State. p. 18. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207101344/https://books.google.com/books?id=om1RhTvdrVUC&pg=PA18#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved January 16, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Transboundary+Air+Pollution%3A+Agreement+Between+the+United+States+of+America+and+Canada%2C+Signed+at+Ottawa+March+13%2C+1991+with+Annexes&rft.pages=18&rft.pub=Department+of+State&rft.date=1993&rft.au=Canada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dom1RhTvdrVUC%26pg%3DPA18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Sheikh-Jabir-al-Ahmad-al-Jabir-al-Sabah">"Sheikh Jābir al-Aḥmad al-Jābir al-Ṣabāḥ | emir of Kuwait"</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160523120102/http://www.britannica.com/biography/Sheikh-Jabir-al-Ahmad-al-Jabir-al-Sabah">Archived</a> from the original on May 23, 2016. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Sheikh+J%C4%81bir+al-A%E1%B8%A5mad+al-J%C4%81bir+al-%E1%B9%A2ab%C4%81%E1%B8%A5+%7C+emir+of+Kuwait&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FSheikh-Jabir-al-Ahmad-al-Jabir-al-Sabah&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPeirce2011" class="citation news cs1">Peirce, Gareth (March 12, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2011/mar/12/gareth-peirce-birmingham-six">"The Birmingham Six: Have we learned from our disgraceful past?"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181124141842/https://www.theguardian.com/theguardian/2011/mar/12/gareth-peirce-birmingham-six">Archived</a> from the original on November 24, 2018. Retrieved November 15, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+Birmingham+Six%3A+Have+we+learned+from+our+disgraceful+past%3F&rft.date=2011-03-12&rft.aulast=Peirce&rft.aufirst=Gareth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ftheguardian%2F2011%2Fmar%2F12%2Fgareth-peirce-birmingham-six&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> R v McIlkenney (1991) 93 Cr.App.R. 287–318. </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210319022854/https://al.usembassy.gov/our-relationship/policy-history/io/">"History of the U.S. and Albania"</a>. U.S. Embassy in Albania. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://al.usembassy.gov/our-relationship/policy-history/io/">the original</a> on March 19, 2021. Retrieved February 2, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Embassy+in+Albania&rft.atitle=History+of+the+U.S.+and+Albania&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fal.usembassy.gov%2Four-relationship%2Fpolicy-history%2Fio%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-1991-03-15-1991074066-story.html">"Confused Soviet Referendum"</a>. The Baltimore Sun. March 15, 1991. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210713020501/https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-1991-03-15-1991074066-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 13, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Baltimore+Sun&rft.atitle=Confused+Soviet+Referendum&rft.date=1991-03-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baltimoresun.com%2Fnews%2Fbs-xpm-1991-03-15-1991074066-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://soviethistory.msu.edu/1991-2/march-referendum/">"March Referendum"</a>. Seventeen Moments in Soviet History. June 29, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210517052306/http://soviethistory.msu.edu/1991-2/march-referendum/">Archived</a> from the original on May 17, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Seventeen+Moments+in+Soviet+History&rft.atitle=March+Referendum&rft.date=2015-06-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsoviethistory.msu.edu%2F1991-2%2Fmarch-referendum%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1991/03/20/world/finnish-parliament-average-age-under-40.html">"Finnish Parliament: Average Age Under 40"</a>. The New York Times. Associated Press. March 20, 1991. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211029101127/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/03/20/world/finnish-parliament-average-age-under-40.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 29, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Finnish+Parliament%3A+Average+Age+Under+40&rft.date=1991-03-20&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1991%2F03%2F20%2Fworld%2Ffinnish-parliament-average-age-under-40.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVarisco2017" class="citation book cs1">Varisco, Andrea Edoardo (July 19, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=h4otDwAAQBAJ">Research in Security Sector Reform Policy: The Case of Sierra Leone</a>. Springer. p. 11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-137-58675-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-137-58675-9"><bdi>978-1-137-58675-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231005160247/https://books.google.com/books?id=h4otDwAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on October 5, 2023. Retrieved September 10, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Research+in+Security+Sector+Reform+Policy%3A+The+Case+of+Sierra+Leone&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2017-07-19&rft.isbn=978-1-137-58675-9&rft.aulast=Varisco&rft.aufirst=Andrea+Edoardo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dh4otDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aaregistry.org/story/the-sierra-leone-war-begins/">"The Sierra Leone War begins"</a>. African American Registry. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210411002152/https://aaregistry.org/story/the-sierra-leone-war-begins/">Archived</a> from the original on April 11, 2021. Retrieved February 2, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=African+American+Registry&rft.atitle=The+Sierra+Leone+War+begins&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Faaregistry.org%2Fstory%2Fthe-sierra-leone-war-begins%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1991/03/26/world/official-result-in-benin-vote-shows-big-loss-for-kerekou.html">"Official Result in Benin Vote Shows Big Loss for Kerekou (Published 1991)"</a>. The New York Times. Associated Press. March 26, 1991. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220601223719/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/03/26/world/official-result-in-benin-vote-shows-big-loss-for-kerekou.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 1, 2022. Retrieved February 2, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Official+Result+in+Benin+Vote+Shows+Big+Loss+for+Kerekou+%28Published+1991%29&rft.date=1991-03-26&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1991%2F03%2F26%2Fworld%2Fofficial-result-in-benin-vote-shows-big-loss-for-kerekou.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1991/03/27/military-leader-of-mali-overthrown-arrested/4e046a11-622d-4149-8c81-3314a67d32e2/">"Military Leader of Mali Overthrown, Arrested"</a>. The Washington Post. Associated Press. March 26, 1991. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241125092455/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1991/03/27/military-leader-of-mali-overthrown-arrested/4e046a11-622d-4149-8c81-3314a67d32e2/">Archived</a> from the original on November 25, 2024. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Military+Leader+of+Mali+Overthrown%2C+Arrested&rft.date=1991-03-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Fpolitics%2F1991%2F03%2F27%2Fmilitary-leader-of-mali-overthrown-arrested%2F4e046a11-622d-4149-8c81-3314a67d32e2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Treaty-of-Asuncion">"Treaty of Asunción | South America [1991]"</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210801174555/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Treaty-of-Asuncion">Archived</a> from the original on August 1, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Treaty+of+Asunci%C3%B3n+%7C+South+America+%5B1991%5D&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FTreaty-of-Asuncion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sice.oas.org/trade/mrcsr/mrcsrtoc.asp">"SICE: Trade Agreements: Treaty of Asuncion"</a>. sice.oas.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210425145807/http://www.sice.oas.org/Trade/MRCSR/MRCSRTOC.ASP">Archived</a> from the original on April 25, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sice.oas.org&rft.atitle=SICE%3A+Trade+Agreements%3A+Treaty+of+Asuncion&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sice.oas.org%2Ftrade%2Fmrcsr%2Fmrcsrtoc.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/2001_91.htm">"Albania: Elections held in 1991"</a>. Inter-Parliamentary Union. 1991. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110612120711/http://www.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/2001_91.htm">Archived</a> from the original on June 12, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Inter-Parliamentary+Union&rft.atitle=Albania%3A+Elections+held+in+1991&rft.date=1991&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ipu.org%2Fparline-e%2Freports%2Farc%2F2001_91.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNohlenStöver2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Dieter_Nohlen" title="Dieter Nohlen">Nohlen, Dieter</a>; Stöver, Philip, eds. (2010). Elections in Europe: A Data Handbook. Nomos Publishers. p. 137. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-8329-5609-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-8329-5609-7"><bdi>978-3-8329-5609-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Elections+in+Europe%3A+A+Data+Handbook&rft.pages=137&rft.pub=Nomos+Publishers&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-3-8329-5609-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFilatochevBradshaw1992" class="citation journal cs1">Filatochev, Igor; Bradshaw, Roy (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/152269">"The Soviet Hyperinflation: Its Origins and Impact throughout the Former Republics"</a>. Soviet Studies. 44 (5): 739–759. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F09668139208412045">10.1080/09668139208412045</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0038-5859">0038-5859</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/152269">152269</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210613002019/https://www.jstor.org/stable/152269">Archived</a> from the original on June 13, 2021. Retrieved June 13, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Soviet+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Soviet+Hyperinflation%3A+Its+Origins+and+Impact+throughout+the+Former+Republics&rft.volume=44&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E739-%3C%2Fspan%3E759&rft.date=1992&rft.issn=0038-5859&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F152269%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F09668139208412045&rft.aulast=Filatochev&rft.aufirst=Igor&rft.au=Bradshaw%2C+Roy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F152269&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210724100857/https://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/watkins/sovietcollapse.htm">"The Economic Collapse of the Soviet Union"</a>. sjsu.edu. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/watkins/sovietcollapse.htm">the original</a> on July 24, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sjsu.edu&rft.atitle=The+Economic+Collapse+of+the+Soviet+Union&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sjsu.edu%2Ffaculty%2Fwatkins%2Fsovietcollapse.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nti.org/learn/treaties-and-regimes/un-security-council/">"United Nations Security Council | Treaties & Regimes | NTI"</a>. nti.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210513122735/https://www.nti.org/learn/treaties-and-regimes/un-security-council/">Archived</a> from the original on May 13, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nti.org&rft.atitle=United+Nations+Security+Council+%7C+Treaties+%26+Regimes+%7C+NTI&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nti.org%2Flearn%2Ftreaties-and-regimes%2Fun-security-council%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/Depts/unscom/Chronology/resolution687.htm">"Security Council Resolution 687"</a>. United Nations. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170610103845/http://www.un.org/Depts/unscom/Chronology/resolution687.htm">Archived</a> from the original on June 10, 2017. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Security+Council+Resolution+687&rft.pub=United+Nations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2FDepts%2Funscom%2FChronology%2Fresolution687.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCushman1991" class="citation news cs1">Cushman, John H. Jr. (April 5, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1991/04/05/us/senator-heinz-and-6-others-killed-in-midair-crash-near-philadelphia.html">"Senator Heinz and 6 Others Killed in Midair Crash Near Philadelphia"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210507171620/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/04/05/us/senator-heinz-and-6-others-killed-in-midair-crash-near-philadelphia.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 7, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Senator+Heinz+and+6+Others+Killed+in+Midair+Crash+Near+Philadelphia&rft.date=1991-04-05&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Cushman&rft.aufirst=John+H.+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1991%2F04%2F05%2Fus%2Fsenator-heinz-and-6-others-killed-in-midair-crash-near-philadelphia.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKing1991" class="citation web cs1">King, Larry (April 5, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-1991-04-05-1991095117-story.html">"Sen. Heinz, 6 others die in Pa. plane-copter collision Two children killed as debris hits school"</a>. The Baltimore Sun. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210625062310/https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-1991-04-05-1991095117-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 25, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Baltimore+Sun&rft.atitle=Sen.+Heinz%2C+6+others+die+in+Pa.+plane-copter+collision+Two+children+killed+as+debris+hits+school&rft.date=1991-04-05&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=Larry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baltimoresun.com%2Fnews%2Fbs-xpm-1991-04-05-1991095117-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGross1991" class="citation news cs1">Gross, Jane (April 6, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1991/04/06/us/6-are-killed-as-8-hour-siege-by-gang-ends-in-california.html">"6 Are Killed as 8-Hour Siege By Gang Ends in California"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190705190520/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/04/06/us/6-are-killed-as-8-hour-siege-by-gang-ends-in-california.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 5, 2019. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=6+Are+Killed+as+8-Hour+Siege+By+Gang+Ends+in+California&rft.date=1991-04-06&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Gross&rft.aufirst=Jane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1991%2F04%2F06%2Fus%2F6-are-killed-as-8-hour-siege-by-gang-ends-in-california.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPaddockDizon1991" class="citation web cs1">Paddock, Richard C.; Dizon, Lily (April 15, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-04-15-mn-108-story.html">"3 Vietnamese Brothers in Shoot-Out Led Troubled Lives : Crime: They had problems in school and apparently felt like failures. Some teachers express surprise at violence of siege at Sacramento store"</a>. Los Angeles Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210510054339/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-04-15-mn-108-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 10, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=3+Vietnamese+Brothers+in+Shoot-Out+Led+Troubled+Lives+%3A+Crime%3A+They+had+problems+in+school+and+apparently+felt+like+failures.+Some+teachers+express+surprise+at+violence+of+siege+at+Sacramento+store.&rft.date=1991-04-15&rft.aulast=Paddock&rft.aufirst=Richard+C.&rft.au=Dizon%2C+Lily&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1991-04-15-mn-108-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKnutson1992" class="citation web cs1">Knutson, Lawrence L. (April 28, 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210305015608/https://apnews.com/article/70a5d06c92324ad02162adc3a5f4b214">"Crash That Killed 23 Laid to Faulty Propellor Controls"</a>. Associated Press News. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/70a5d06c92324ad02162adc3a5f4b214">the original</a> on March 5, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press+News&rft.atitle=Crash+That+Killed+23+Laid+to+Faulty+Propellor+Controls&rft.date=1992-04-28&rft.aulast=Knutson&rft.aufirst=Lawrence+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2F70a5d06c92324ad02162adc3a5f4b214&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/1991/04/10/1st-soviet-troops-leave-poland/">"1st Soviet Troops Leave Poland"</a>. Chicago Tribune. April 10, 1991. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131228202950/http://articles.chicagotribune.com/1991-04-10/news/9102010956_1_presence-of-soviet-troops-soviet-soldiers-soviet-plans">Archived</a> from the original on December 28, 2013. Retrieved October 6, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=1st+Soviet+Troops+Leave+Poland&rft.date=1991-04-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagotribune.com%2F1991%2F04%2F10%2F1st-soviet-troops-leave-poland%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.storm2k.org/phpbb2/viewtopic.php?t=116885">"The 1991 "Angola Cyclone" – STORM2K"</a>. storm2k.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211015230028/http://www.storm2k.org/phpbb2/viewtopic.php?t=116885">Archived</a> from the original on October 15, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=storm2k.org&rft.atitle=The+1991+%22Angola+Cyclone%22+%E2%80%93+STORM2K&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.storm2k.org%2Fphpbb2%2Fviewtopic.php%3Ft%3D116885&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFusani1991" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Fusani, Claudia (April 12, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/1991/04/12/may-day-may-day.html">"May – Day, May – Day Ci ha speronato una bettolina"</a>. <a href="/wiki/La_Repubblica" title="La Repubblica">la Repubblica</a> (in Italian). p. 5. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190925200450/https://ricerca.repubblica.it/repubblica/archivio/repubblica/1991/04/12/may-day-may-day.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 25, 2019. Retrieved September 25, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=la+Repubblica&rft.atitle=May+%E2%80%93+Day%2C+May+%E2%80%93+Day+Ci+ha+speronato+una+bettolina&rft.pages=5&rft.date=1991-04-12&rft.aulast=Fusani&rft.aufirst=Claudia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fricerca.repubblica.it%2Frepubblica%2Farchivio%2Frepubblica%2F1991%2F04%2F12%2Fmay-day-may-day.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFde_la_RosaCrawfordFranz2004" class="citation journal cs1">de la Rosa, Denise; Crawford, Dean; Franz, Diana R. (January 1, 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1061951804000175">"Trading on the Warsaw stock exchange—from reopening in 1991–2000"</a>. Journal of International Accounting, Auditing and Taxation. 13 (2): 121–134. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.intaccaudtax.2004.09.003">10.1016/j.intaccaudtax.2004.09.003</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1061-9518">1061-9518</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211015230026/https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1061951804000175">Archived</a> from the original on October 15, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+International+Accounting%2C+Auditing+and+Taxation&rft.atitle=Trading+on+the+Warsaw+stock+exchange%E2%80%94from+reopening+in+1991%E2%80%932000&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E121-%3C%2Fspan%3E134&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.intaccaudtax.2004.09.003&rft.issn=1061-9518&rft.aulast=de+la+Rosa&rft.aufirst=Denise&rft.au=Crawford%2C+Dean&rft.au=Franz%2C+Diana+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencedirect.com%2Fscience%2Farticle%2Fabs%2Fpii%2FS1061951804000175&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-netherlands-art-frans-hals-theft-fact-idUSKBN25N2KU">"Factbox: High profile art thefts"</a>. Reuters. August 27, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211015202553/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-netherlands-art-frans-hals-theft-fact-idUSKBN25N2KU">Archived</a> from the original on October 15, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=Factbox%3A+High+profile+art+thefts&rft.date=2020-08-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-netherlands-art-frans-hals-theft-fact-idUSKBN25N2KU&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMontgomery1991" class="citation news cs1">Montgomery, Paul L. (April 15, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1991/04/15/arts/lost-and-found-huge-van-gogh-theft-fails.html">"Lost and Found: Huge van Gogh Theft Fails"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180203064051/http://www.nytimes.com/1991/04/15/arts/lost-and-found-huge-van-gogh-theft-fails.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 3, 2018. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Lost+and+Found%3A+Huge+van+Gogh+Theft+Fails&rft.date=1991-04-15&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Montgomery&rft.aufirst=Paul+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1991%2F04%2F15%2Farts%2Flost-and-found-huge-van-gogh-theft-fails.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebrd.com/who-we-are/history-of-the-ebrd.html#:~:text=The%20year%20was%201991,%20the,business%20for%20the%20first%20time.">"The history of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD)"</a>. ebrd.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190830103554/https://www.ebrd.com/who-we-are/history-of-the-ebrd.html#:~:text=The%20year%20was%201991,%20the,business%20for%20the%20first%20time.">Archived</a> from the original on August 30, 2019. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ebrd.com&rft.atitle=The+history+of+the+European+Bank+for+Reconstruction+and+Development+%28EBRD%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ebrd.com%2Fwho-we-are%2Fhistory-of-the-ebrd.html%23%3A~%3Atext%3DThe%2520year%2520was%25201991%2C%2520the%2Cbusiness%2520for%2520the%2520first%2520time.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRiding1991" class="citation news cs1">Riding, Alan (April 16, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1991/04/16/world/european-nations-to-lift-sanctions-on-south-africa.html">"European nations to lift sanctions on South Africa"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211029101424/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/04/16/world/european-nations-to-lift-sanctions-on-south-africa.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 29, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=European+nations+to+lift+sanctions+on+South+Africa&rft.date=1991-04-16&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Riding&rft.aufirst=Alan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1991%2F04%2F16%2Fworld%2Feuropean-nations-to-lift-sanctions-on-south-africa.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWeisman1991" class="citation news cs1">Weisman, Steven R. (April 16, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1991/04/16/world/gorbachev-on-peace-mission-to-japan.html">"Gorbachev on Peace Mission to Japan"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211029103029/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/04/16/world/gorbachev-on-peace-mission-to-japan.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 29, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Gorbachev+on+Peace+Mission+to+Japan&rft.date=1991-04-16&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Weisman&rft.aufirst=Steven+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1991%2F04%2F16%2Fworld%2Fgorbachev-on-peace-mission-to-japan.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/50399f1ad8429b5259a2890d963a25fb">"A History of The Dow Jones Industrial Average"</a>. Associated Press News. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press+News&rft.atitle=A+History+of+The+Dow+Jones+Industrial+Average&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2F50399f1ad8429b5259a2890d963a25fb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNorris1991" class="citation news cs1">Norris, Floyd (April 18, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1991/04/18/business/market-place-at-last-dow-closes-above-3000.html">"Market Place; At Last, Dow Closes Above 3,000"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211029103054/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/04/18/business/market-place-at-last-dow-closes-above-3000.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 29, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Market+Place%3B+At+Last%2C+Dow+Closes+Above+3%2C000&rft.date=1991-04-18&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Norris&rft.aufirst=Floyd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1991%2F04%2F18%2Fbusiness%2Fmarket-place-at-last-dow-closes-above-3000.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCarpenter1997" class="citation book cs1">Carpenter, Edward (January 1, 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ee0-EsYR9aEC&pg=PA2">Cantuar: The Archbishops in Their Office</a>. A&C Black. p. 2. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-264-67449-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-264-67449-0"><bdi>978-0-264-67449-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207101433/https://books.google.com/books?id=ee0-EsYR9aEC&pg=PA2#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved September 30, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cantuar%3A+The+Archbishops+in+Their+Office&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=A%26C+Black&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.isbn=978-0-264-67449-0&rft.aulast=Carpenter&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dee0-EsYR9aEC%26pg%3DPA2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/today/index.php?month=4&day=22">"Today in Earthquake History"</a>. United States Geological Survey. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210723195400/https://earthquake.usgs.gov/learn/today/index.php?month=4&day=22">Archived</a> from the original on July 23, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Today+in+Earthquake+History&rft.pub=United+States+Geological+Survey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fearthquake.usgs.gov%2Flearn%2Ftoday%2Findex.php%3Fmonth%3D4%26day%3D22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-04-23-mn-689-story.html">"Quake Hits Costa Rica and Panama : Disaster: The 7.4 temblor kills at least 19. Damage is heavy in Caribbean coastal area"</a>. Los Angeles Times. April 23, 1991. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210724185104/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-04-23-mn-689-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 24, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Quake+Hits+Costa+Rica+and+Panama+%3A+Disaster%3A+The+7.4+temblor+kills+at+least+19.+Damage+is+heavy+in+Caribbean+coastal+area.&rft.date=1991-04-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1991-04-23-mn-689-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.taiwandocuments.org/constitution07.htm">"History of Constitutional Revisions in the Republic of China"</a>. taiwandocuments.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210211011151/http://www.taiwandocuments.org/constitution07.htm">Archived</a> from the original on February 11, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=taiwandocuments.org&rft.atitle=History+of+Constitutional+Revisions+in+the+Republic+of+China&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.taiwandocuments.org%2Fconstitution07.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Feldman-109"><a href="#cite_ref-Feldman_109-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFeldman1991" class="citation book cs1">Feldman, Harvey, ed. (1991). Constitutional Reform and the Future of the Republic of China. Taiwan in the Modern World. M.E. Sharpe. pp. 1, 3–7, 39. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780873328807" title="Special:BookSources/9780873328807"><bdi>9780873328807</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Constitutional+Reform+and+the+Future+of+the+Republic+of+China&rft.series=Taiwan+in+the+Modern+World&rft.pages=1%2C+%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E3-%3C%2Fspan%3E7%2C+39&rft.pub=M.E.+Sharpe&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=9780873328807&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/91a35dba150251f6d9ccd697738fc695">"Prime Minister Ousted; Feminists Win Big in Election"</a>. Associated Press News. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press+News&rft.atitle=Prime+Minister+Ousted%3B+Feminists+Win+Big+in+Election&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2F91a35dba150251f6d9ccd697738fc695&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nato.int/cv/hsg/ic/oddsson.htm">"NATO Who's who?: PM Iceland"</a>. nato.int. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210509235152/https://www.nato.int/cv/hsg/ic/oddsson.htm">Archived</a> from the original on May 9, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nato.int&rft.atitle=NATO+Who%27s+who%3F%3A+PM+Iceland&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nato.int%2Fcv%2Fhsg%2Fic%2Foddsson.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFUS_Department_of_Commerce" class="citation web cs1">US Department of Commerce, NOAA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.weather.gov/ict/AndoverTimeline">"Timeline for supercell that produced the Wichita/Andover Tornado"</a>. weather.gov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210613003530/https://www.weather.gov/ict/AndoverTimeline">Archived</a> from the original on June 13, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=weather.gov&rft.atitle=Timeline+for+supercell+that+produced+the+Wichita%2FAndover+Tornado&rft.aulast=US+Department+of+Commerce&rft.aufirst=NOAA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.weather.gov%2Fict%2FAndoverTimeline&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFUS_Department_of_Commerce" class="citation web cs1">US Department of Commerce, NOAA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.weather.gov/oun/events-19910426">"The April 26, 1991 Great Plains Tornado Outbreak"</a>. weather.gov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210613003524/https://www.weather.gov/oun/events-19910426">Archived</a> from the original on June 13, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=weather.gov&rft.atitle=The+April+26%2C+1991+Great+Plains+Tornado+Outbreak&rft.aulast=US+Department+of+Commerce&rft.aufirst=NOAA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.weather.gov%2Foun%2Fevents-19910426&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States._Central_Intelligence_Agency1989" class="citation book cs1">United States. Central Intelligence Agency (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kVaOgbFeuXwC&pg=PA134">The World Factbook</a>. Central Intelligence Agency. p. 134. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207101350/https://books.google.com/books?id=kVaOgbFeuXwC&pg=PA134#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved September 30, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World+Factbook&rft.pages=134&rft.pub=Central+Intelligence+Agency&rft.date=1989&rft.au=United+States.+Central+Intelligence+Agency&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkVaOgbFeuXwC%26pg%3DPA134&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFUnited_Nations._Dept._of_Public_Information1992" class="citation book cs1">United Nations. Dept. of Public Information (December 24, 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BTdmYFgvyi0C&pg=PA416">Yearbook of the United Nations. 45.1991(1992)</a>. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. p. 416. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7923-1970-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-7923-1970-2"><bdi>0-7923-1970-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207102643/https://books.google.com/books?id=BTdmYFgvyi0C&pg=PA416#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved September 30, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Yearbook+of+the+United+Nations.+45.1991%281992%29&rft.pages=416&rft.pub=Martinus+Nijhoff+Publishers&rft.date=1992-12-24&rft.isbn=0-7923-1970-2&rft.au=United+Nations.+Dept.+of+Public+Information&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBTdmYFgvyi0C%26pg%3DPA416&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nikoleishvili-116"><a href="#cite_ref-Nikoleishvili_116-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNikoleishvili" class="citation web cs1">Nikoleishvili, I. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110721025942/http://www.opentext.ge/art/archit/medieval/racha.htm">"Earthquake in Racha and Middle Age Monuments"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opentext.ge/art/archit/medieval/racha.htm">the original</a> on July 21, 2011. Retrieved August 10, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Earthquake+in+Racha+and+Middle+Age+Monuments&rft.aulast=Nikoleishvili&rft.aufirst=I.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.opentext.ge%2Fart%2Farchit%2Fmedieval%2Fracha.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Arafiev-117"><a href="#cite_ref-Arafiev_117-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFArafievRogozhin_E.A.Bykova_V.V.Dorbath_C.2006" class="citation journal cs1">Arafiev, S.S.; Rogozhin E.A.; Bykova V.V. & Dorbath C. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110807114528/http://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/AInv/2006_PSE_Racha.pdf">"Deep Structure of the Racha Earthquake Source Zone from Seismic Tomography Data"</a> (PDF). Izvestiya, Physics of the Solid Earth. 42 (1): 27–40. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006IzPSE..42...27A">2006IzPSE..42...27A</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1134%2Fs1069351306010034">10.1134/s1069351306010034</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:128784815">128784815</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://horizon.documentation.ird.fr/exl-doc/AInv/2006_PSE_Racha.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on August 7, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Izvestiya%2C+Physics+of+the+Solid+Earth&rft.atitle=Deep+Structure+of+the+Racha+Earthquake+Source+Zone+from+Seismic+Tomography+Data&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E27-%3C%2Fspan%3E40&rft.date=2006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A128784815%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1134%2Fs1069351306010034&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2006IzPSE..42...27A&rft.aulast=Arafiev&rft.aufirst=S.S.&rft.au=Rogozhin+E.A.&rft.au=Bykova+V.V.&rft.au=Dorbath+C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhorizon.documentation.ird.fr%2Fexl-doc%2FAInv%2F2006_PSE_Racha.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREF32nd_19911991" class="citation book cs1">32nd 1991 (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CmOUWTetnQ4C">The Europa World Year Book, 1991</a>. Europa Publications Limited. p. 1664. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-946653-69-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-946653-69-0"><bdi>978-0-946653-69-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207102947/https://books.google.com/books?id=CmOUWTetnQ4C">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 11, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Europa+World+Year+Book%2C+1991&rft.pages=1664&rft.pub=Europa+Publications+Limited&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-946653-69-0&rft.au=32nd+1991&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCmOUWTetnQ4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-terms-119"><a href="#cite_ref-terms_119-0">^</a> Wright, George. The Destruction of a Nation: United States' Policy Towards Angola Since 1945, 1997. Page 159. </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.peaceagreements.org/view/207">"PA-X: Peace Agreements Database"</a>. peaceagreements.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210613002021/https://www.peaceagreements.org/view/207">Archived</a> from the original on June 13, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=peaceagreements.org&rft.atitle=PA-X%3A+Peace+Agreements+Database&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.peaceagreements.org%2Fview%2F207&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBehar1991" class="citation news cs1">Behar, Richard (May 6, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070220082505/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,972865,00.html">"Scientology: The Thriving Cult of Greed and Power"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a>. pp. 50–57. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,972865,00.html">the original</a> on February 20, 2007. Retrieved March 20, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Scientology%3A+The+Thriving+Cult+of+Greed+and+Power&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E50-%3C%2Fspan%3E57&rft.date=1991-05-06&rft.aulast=Behar&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C972865%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-12499391">"Nepal profile – Timeline"</a>. BBC News. February 19, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210605194152/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-12499391">Archived</a> from the original on June 5, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Nepal+profile+%E2%80%93+Timeline&rft.date=2018-02-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-south-asia-12499391&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Edith-Cresson">"Edith Cresson | premier of France"</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230220120641/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Edith-Cresson">Archived</a> from the original on February 20, 2023. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Edith+Cresson+%7C+premier+of+France&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FEdith-Cresson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDrozdiak1991" class="citation news cs1">Drozdiak, William (May 18, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1991/05/18/france-the-female-prime-minister/6124e5d4-3baa-4eb3-9067-aa7ba3cbc8c3/">"France The Female Prime Minister"</a>. The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241125093132/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1991/05/18/france-the-female-prime-minister/6124e5d4-3baa-4eb3-9067-aa7ba3cbc8c3/">Archived</a> from the original on November 25, 2024. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=France+The+Female+Prime+Minister&rft.date=1991-05-18&rft.aulast=Drozdiak&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Flifestyle%2F1991%2F05%2F18%2Ffrance-the-female-prime-minister%2F6124e5d4-3baa-4eb3-9067-aa7ba3cbc8c3%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.house.gov/Collection/Listing/2013/2013-135-050/">"Address by Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II to a Joint Meeting of the United States Congress | US House of Representatives: History, Art & Archives"</a>. history.house.gov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210516161309/https://history.house.gov/Collection/Listing/2013/2013-135-050/">Archived</a> from the original on May 16, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=history.house.gov&rft.atitle=Address+by+Her+Majesty+Queen+Elizabeth+II+to+a+Joint+Meeting+of+the+United+States+Congress+%7C+US+House+of+Representatives%3A+History%2C+Art+%26+Archives&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.house.gov%2FCollection%2FListing%2F2013%2F2013-135-050%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEaton1991" class="citation web cs1">Eaton, William J. (May 17, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-05-17-mn-1884-story.html">"Queen Addresses Joint Congress Session"</a>. Los Angeles Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210512215804/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-05-17-mn-1884-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 12, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Queen+Addresses+Joint+Congress+Session&rft.date=1991-05-17&rft.aulast=Eaton&rft.aufirst=William+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1991-05-17-mn-1884-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.voanews.com/africa/20-years-after-secession-somaliland-still-seeks-recognition">"20 Years After Secession, Somaliland Still Seeks Recognition | Voice of America – English"</a>. Voice of America. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210723183603/https://www.voanews.com/africa/20-years-after-secession-somaliland-still-seeks-recognition">Archived</a> from the original on July 23, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=20+Years+After+Secession%2C+Somaliland+Still+Seeks+Recognition+%7C+Voice+of+America+%E2%80%93+English&rft.pub=Voice+of+America&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.voanews.com%2Fafrica%2F20-years-after-secession-somaliland-still-seeks-recognition&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBeaubien2017" class="citation news cs1">Beaubien, Jason (May 30, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2017/05/30/530703639/somaliland-wants-to-make-one-thing-clear-it-is-not-somalia">"Somaliland Wants To Make One Thing Clear: It Is NOT Somalia"</a>. NPR. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210415055609/https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2017/05/30/530703639/somaliland-wants-to-make-one-thing-clear-it-is-not-somalia">Archived</a> from the original on April 15, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Somaliland+Wants+To+Make+One+Thing+Clear%3A+It+Is+NOT+Somalia&rft.date=2017-05-30&rft.aulast=Beaubien&rft.aufirst=Jason&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Fsections%2Fgoatsandsoda%2F2017%2F05%2F30%2F530703639%2Fsomaliland-wants-to-make-one-thing-clear-it-is-not-somalia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-129"><a href="#cite_ref-129">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSudetic1991" class="citation news cs1">Sudetic, Chuck (May 20, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1991/05/20/world/croatia-votes-for-sovereignty-and-confederation.html">"Croatia Votes for Sovereignty and Confederation"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230124201026/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/05/20/world/croatia-votes-for-sovereignty-and-confederation.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 24, 2023. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Croatia+Votes+for+Sovereignty+and+Confederation&rft.date=1991-05-20&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Sudetic&rft.aufirst=Chuck&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1991%2F05%2F20%2Fworld%2Fcroatia-votes-for-sovereignty-and-confederation.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190514210449/http://www.newindianexpress.com/galleries/nation/2018/may/21/a-look-back-at-rajiv-gandhi-assassination-rare-images-from-the-past-101515.html">"A look back at Rajiv Gandhi assassination: Rare images from the past"</a>. The New Indian Express. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newindianexpress.com/galleries/nation/2018/may/21/a-look-back-at-rajiv-gandhi-assassination-rare-images-from-the-past-101515.html">the original</a> on May 14, 2019. Retrieved December 11, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+Indian+Express&rft.atitle=A+look+back+at+Rajiv+Gandhi+assassination%3A+Rare+images+from+the+past&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newindianexpress.com%2Fgalleries%2Fnation%2F2018%2Fmay%2F21%2Fa-look-back-at-rajiv-gandhi-assassination-rare-images-from-the-past-101515.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JkQfwA30aY4C&pg=PA107">The World Factbook</a>. Central Intelligence Agency. 1992. p. 107. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207102945/https://books.google.com/books?id=JkQfwA30aY4C&pg=PA107#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 11, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World+Factbook&rft.pages=107&rft.pub=Central+Intelligence+Agency&rft.date=1992&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJkQfwA30aY4C%26pg%3DPA107&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWorld_Book,_IncWorld_Book_Encyclopedia1992" class="citation book cs1">World Book, Inc; World Book Encyclopedia (February 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YIovVAHq-CkC">The World Book Year Book, 1992</a>. World Book, Incorporated. p. 22. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7166-0492-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7166-0492-1"><bdi>978-0-7166-0492-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207101931/https://books.google.com/books?id=YIovVAHq-CkC">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 11, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World+Book+Year+Book%2C+1992&rft.pages=22&rft.pub=World+Book%2C+Incorporated&rft.date=1992-02&rft.isbn=978-0-7166-0492-1&rft.au=World+Book%2C+Inc&rft.au=World+Book+Encyclopedia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYIovVAHq-CkC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSpector2005" class="citation book cs1">Spector, Stephen (March 15, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=g_6JuMlIHH4C&pg=PA232">Operation Solomon: The Daring Rescue of the Ethiopian Jews</a>. Oxford University Press. p. 232. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-983910-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-983910-0"><bdi>978-0-19-983910-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207101919/https://books.google.com/books?id=g_6JuMlIHH4C&pg=PA232#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 11, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Operation+Solomon%3A+The+Daring+Rescue+of+the+Ethiopian+Jews&rft.pages=232&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2005-03-15&rft.isbn=978-0-19-983910-0&rft.aulast=Spector&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dg_6JuMlIHH4C%26pg%3DPA232&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENohlen2005614–615-134"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENohlen2005614–615_134-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNohlen2005">Nohlen 2005</a>, pp. 614–615. </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJay_LevinsonHayim_Granot2002" class="citation book cs1">Jay Levinson; Hayim Granot (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0jQIn-0hAbMC&pg=PA57">Transportation Disaster Response Handbook</a>. Academic Press. p. 57. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-12-445486-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-12-445486-6"><bdi>978-0-12-445486-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207101931/https://books.google.com/books?id=0jQIn-0hAbMC&pg=PA57#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 11, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Transportation+Disaster+Response+Handbook&rft.pages=57&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-12-445486-6&rft.au=Jay+Levinson&rft.au=Hayim+Granot&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0jQIn-0hAbMC%26pg%3DPA57&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-136"><a href="#cite_ref-136">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKrauss1991" class="citation news cs1">Krauss, Clifford (May 28, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1991/05/28/world/ethiopian-rebels-storm-the-capital-and-seize-control.html">"Ethiopian rebels storm the capital and seize control"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210310123923/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/05/28/world/ethiopian-rebels-storm-the-capital-and-seize-control.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 10, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Ethiopian+rebels+storm+the+capital+and+seize+control&rft.date=1991-05-28&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Krauss&rft.aufirst=Clifford&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1991%2F05%2F28%2Fworld%2Fethiopian-rebels-storm-the-capital-and-seize-control.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Mount-Unzen">"Mount Unzen | volcano, Japan"</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210730221820/https://www.britannica.com/place/Mount-Unzen">Archived</a> from the original on July 30, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Mount+Unzen+%7C+volcano%2C+Japan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FMount-Unzen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.upi.com/Archives/1991/06/04/The-Communist-government-resigned-Tuesday-under-an-agreement-by/5766676008000/">"The Communist government resigned Tuesday under an agreement by..."</a> <a href="/wiki/United_Press_International" title="United Press International">United Press International</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210612003244/https://www.upi.com/Archives/1991/06/04/The-Communist-government-resigned-Tuesday-under-an-agreement-by/5766676008000/">Archived</a> from the original on June 12, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+Press+International&rft.atitle=The+Communist+government+resigned+Tuesday+under+an+agreement+by...&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.upi.com%2FArchives%2F1991%2F06%2F04%2FThe-Communist-government-resigned-Tuesday-under-an-agreement-by%2F5766676008000%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.upi.com/Archives/1991/06/06/Hard-line-Communist-picked-as-Albanian-prime-minister/6582676180800/">"Hard-line Communist picked as Albanian prime minister"</a>. United Press International. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210612002855/https://www.upi.com/Archives/1991/06/06/Hard-line-Communist-picked-as-Albanian-prime-minister/6582676180800/">Archived</a> from the original on June 12, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+Press+International&rft.atitle=Hard-line+Communist+picked+as+Albanian+prime+minister&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.upi.com%2FArchives%2F1991%2F06%2F06%2FHard-line-Communist-picked-as-Albanian-prime-minister%2F6582676180800%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-140"><a href="#cite_ref-140">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWald1991" class="citation journal cs1">Wald, Matthew (June 6, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1991/06/06/us/severe-sun-storm-threatens-utilities.html">"Severe Sun Storm Threatens Utilities"</a>. The New York Times: 16. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170118091204/http://www.nytimes.com/1991/06/06/us/severe-sun-storm-threatens-utilities.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 18, 2017. Retrieved May 23, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Severe+Sun+Storm+Threatens+Utilities&rft.pages=16&rft.date=1991-06-06&rft.aulast=Wald&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1991%2F06%2F06%2Fus%2Fsevere-sun-storm-threatens-utilities.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sws.bom.gov.au/Educational/2/3/9">"Large Solar Flares Since 1976"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Australian_Bureau_of_Meteorology" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Bureau of Meteorology">Australian Bureau of Meteorology</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160624075042/http://www.sws.bom.gov.au/Educational/2/3/9">Archived</a> from the original on June 24, 2016. Retrieved May 23, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Australian+Bureau+of+Meteorology&rft.atitle=Large+Solar+Flares+Since+1976&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sws.bom.gov.au%2FEducational%2F2%2F3%2F9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-142"><a href="#cite_ref-142">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-06-05-mn-227-story.html">"Algeria Puts Off Elections; Premier Quits : North Africa: The president declares a state of siege after rioting by Muslim fundamentalists. The army moves in"</a>. Los Angeles Times. June 5, 1991. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241120134435/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-06-05-mn-227-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 20, 2024. Retrieved November 20, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Algeria+Puts+Off+Elections%3B+Premier+Quits+%3A+North+Africa%3A+The+president+declares+a+state+of+siege+after+rioting+by+Muslim+fundamentalists.+The+army+moves+in.&rft.date=1991-06-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1991-06-05-mn-227-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tampabay.com/archive/1991/06/05/algerian-government-resigns-amid-violence/">"Algerian government resigns amid violence"</a>. Tampa Bay Times. June 5, 1991. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201124153139/https://tampabay.com/archive/1991/06/05/algerian-government-resigns-amid-violence/">Archived</a> from the original on November 24, 2020. Retrieved November 20, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tampa+Bay+Times&rft.atitle=Algerian+government+resigns+amid+violence&rft.date=1991-06-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftampabay.com%2Farchive%2F1991%2F06%2F05%2Falgerian-government-resigns-amid-violence%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-06-06-mn-255-story.html">"S. Africa Abolishes Laws Banning Black Land Ownership"</a>. Los Angeles Times. June 6, 1991. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241121122736/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-06-06-mn-255-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 21, 2024. Retrieved November 20, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=S.+Africa+Abolishes+Laws+Banning+Black+Land+Ownership&rft.date=1991-06-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flatimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1991-06-06-mn-255-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFitzgerald2019" class="citation journal cs1">Fitzgerald, David (March 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fmah.2019.1">"Support the Troops: Gulf War Homecomings and a New Politics of Military Celebration"</a>. Modern American History. 2 (1): 1–22. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2Fmah.2019.1">10.1017/mah.2019.1</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10468%2F9737">10468/9737</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2515-0456">2515-0456</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:159284106">159284106</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Modern+American+History&rft.atitle=Support+the+Troops%3A+Gulf+War+Homecomings+and+a+New+Politics+of+Military+Celebration&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E22&rft.date=2019-03&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10468%2F9737&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A159284106%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=2515-0456&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2Fmah.2019.1&rft.aulast=Fitzgerald&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1017%252Fmah.2019.1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-146"><a href="#cite_ref-146">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJordanBrown1991" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mary_Jordan_(journalist)" title="Mary Jordan (journalist)">Jordan, Mary</a>; Brown, DeNeen L. (June 10, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1991/06/10/on-the-mall-the-celebration-lingers/89f330fe-462e-457f-b8c4-c8162d82c6d5/">"On The Mall, The Celebration Lingers"</a>. The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211026131915/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1991/06/10/on-the-mall-the-celebration-lingers/89f330fe-462e-457f-b8c4-c8162d82c6d5/">Archived</a> from the original on October 26, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=On+The+Mall%2C+The+Celebration+Lingers&rft.date=1991-06-10&rft.aulast=Jordan&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft.au=Brown%2C+DeNeen+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Fpolitics%2F1991%2F06%2F10%2Fon-the-mall-the-celebration-lingers%2F89f330fe-462e-457f-b8c4-c8162d82c6d5%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/twenty-six-miners-trapped-swaziland-coal-mine-are-rescued-help-south-africa">"Twenty-six miners trapped in a Swaziland coal mine are rescued with help from South Africa. | South African History Online"</a>. sahistory.org.za. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210730144513/https://www.sahistory.org.za/dated-event/twenty-six-miners-trapped-swaziland-coal-mine-are-rescued-help-south-africa">Archived</a> from the original on July 30, 2021. Retrieved June 16, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=sahistory.org.za&rft.atitle=Twenty-six+miners+trapped+in+a+Swaziland+coal+mine+are+rescued+with+help+from+South+Africa.+%7C+South+African+History+Online&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sahistory.org.za%2Fdated-event%2Ftwenty-six-miners-trapped-swaziland-coal-mine-are-rescued-help-south-africa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=R0ZjcgSaaiUC">FBIS Report: Central Eurasia</a>. The Service. 1992. p. 7. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207101919/https://books.google.com/books?id=R0ZjcgSaaiUC">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 11, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=FBIS+Report%3A+Central+Eurasia&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=The+Service&rft.date=1992&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DR0ZjcgSaaiUC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1991/06/14/world/sri-lankans-accuse-army-of-massacre.html">"Sri Lankans Accuse Army of Massacre"</a>. The New York Times. Associated Press. June 14, 1991. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211029103516/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/06/14/world/sri-lankans-accuse-army-of-massacre.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 29, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Sri+Lankans+Accuse+Army+of+Massacre&rft.date=1991-06-14&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1991%2F06%2F14%2Fworld%2Fsri-lankans-accuse-army-of-massacre.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Albanian-Socialist-Party">"Albanian Socialist Party | political party, Albania"</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210623221816/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Albanian-Socialist-Party">Archived</a> from the original on June 23, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Albanian+Socialist+Party+%7C+political+party%2C+Albania&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FAlbanian-Socialist-Party&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-151"><a href="#cite_ref-151">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSudetic1991" class="citation news cs1">Sudetic, Chuck (June 12, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1991/06/12/world/albania-s-communists-in-upheaval.html">"Albania's Communists in Upheaval"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211029103434/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/06/12/world/albania-s-communists-in-upheaval.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 29, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Albania%27s+Communists+in+Upheaval&rft.date=1991-06-12&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Sudetic&rft.aufirst=Chuck&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1991%2F06%2F12%2Fworld%2Falbania-s-communists-in-upheaval.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SeUKAQAAIAAJ">Mount Pinatubo: The June 1991 Eruptions</a>. <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_Commerce" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of Commerce">U.S. Department of Commerce</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Geophysical_Data_Center" title="National Geophysical Data Center">National Geophysical Data Center</a>. 1992. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207101821/https://books.google.com/books?id=SeUKAQAAIAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 11, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mount+Pinatubo%3A+The+June+1991+Eruptions&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+Commerce%2C+National+Oceanic+and+Atmospheric+Administration%2C+National+Geophysical+Data+Center&rft.date=1992&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSeUKAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHoppe1992" class="citation journal cs1">Hoppe, K. (July 18, 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3976864">"Mt. Pinatubo's Cloud Shades Global Climate"</a>. Science News. 142 (3): 37. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3976864">10.2307/3976864</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0036-8423">0036-8423</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3976864">3976864</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207102336/https://www.jstor.org/stable/3976864?origin=crossref">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved August 4, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+News&rft.atitle=Mt.+Pinatubo%27s+Cloud+Shades+Global+Climate&rft.volume=142&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=37&rft.date=1992-07-18&rft.issn=0036-8423&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3976864%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3976864&rft.aulast=Hoppe&rft.aufirst=K.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.2307%2F3976864&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/2145_91.htm">"INDIA: parliamentary elections Lok Sabha, 1991"</a>. archive.ipu.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210613002021/http://archive.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/2145_91.htm">Archived</a> from the original on June 13, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=archive.ipu.org&rft.atitle=INDIA%3A+parliamentary+elections+Lok+Sabha%2C+1991&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.ipu.org%2Fparline-e%2Freports%2Farc%2F2145_91.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/P-V-Narasimha-Rao">"P.V. Narasimha Rao | prime minister of India"</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230602181221/https://www.britannica.com/biography/P-V-Narasimha-Rao">Archived</a> from the original on June 2, 2023. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=P.V.+Narasimha+Rao+%7C+prime+minister+of+India&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FP-V-Narasimha-Rao&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRomero2010" class="citation news cs1">Romero, John (May 24, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110716234552/http://www.kdvr.com/news/kdvr-fathers-day-massacre-mystery-txt,0,2862251.story">"19 years later, Denver bank massacre still a mystery"</a>. <a href="/wiki/KDVR" title="KDVR">KDVR</a>. Denver. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kdvr.com/news/kdvr-fathers-day-massacre-mystery-txt,0,2862251.story">the original</a> on July 16, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=KDVR&rft.atitle=19+years+later%2C+Denver+bank+massacre+still+a+mystery&rft.date=2010-05-24&rft.aulast=Romero&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kdvr.com%2Fnews%2Fkdvr-fathers-day-massacre-mystery-txt%2C0%2C2862251.story&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWren1991" class="citation news cs1">Wren, Christopher S. (June 18, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1991/06/18/world/south-africa-scraps-law-defining-people-by-race.html">"South Africa Scraps Law Defining People by Race"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211029103557/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/06/18/world/south-africa-scraps-law-defining-people-by-race.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 29, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=South+Africa+Scraps+Law+Defining+People+by+Race&rft.date=1991-06-18&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Wren&rft.aufirst=Christopher+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1991%2F06%2F18%2Fworld%2Fsouth-africa-scraps-law-defining-people-by-race.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKraft1991" class="citation news cs1">Kraft, Scott (June 18, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1991/06/18/south-africa-abolishes-race-registration-law/defbe86b-3085-49d9-8fd7-ae1254b5100e/">"South Africa Abolishes Race Registration Law"</a>. The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241121122816/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1991/06/18/south-africa-abolishes-race-registration-law/defbe86b-3085-49d9-8fd7-ae1254b5100e/">Archived</a> from the original on November 21, 2024. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=South+Africa+Abolishes+Race+Registration+Law&rft.date=1991-06-18&rft.aulast=Kraft&rft.aufirst=Scott&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Fpolitics%2F1991%2F06%2F18%2Fsouth-africa-abolishes-race-registration-law%2Fdefbe86b-3085-49d9-8fd7-ae1254b5100e%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-75.Yıl-159"><a href="#cite_ref-75.Yıl_159-0">^</a> Türkiye'nin 75 Yılı, Tempo yayıncılık, İstanbul, 1998 </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/26726878">"Appendix"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Insight_Turkey" title="Insight Turkey">Insight Turkey</a> (7): 179–190. 1997. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1302-177X">1302-177X</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/26726878">26726878</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211104231232/https://www.jstor.org/stable/26726878">Archived</a> from the original on November 4, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Insight+Turkey&rft.atitle=Appendix&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E179-%3C%2Fspan%3E190&rft.date=1997&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F26726878%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.issn=1302-177X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F26726878&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Suleyman-Demirel">"Süleyman Demirel | president of Turkey"</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210617110531/https://www.britannica.com/biography/Suleyman-Demirel">Archived</a> from the original on June 17, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=S%C3%BCleyman+Demirel+%7C+president+of+Turkey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FSuleyman-Demirel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.upi.com/Top_News/2018/06/20/On-This-Day-Germany-votes-to-move-capital-to-Berlin/5661529425096/">"On This Day: Germany votes to move capital to Berlin"</a>. United Press International. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210724064754/https://www.upi.com/Top_News/2018/06/20/On-This-Day-Germany-votes-to-move-capital-to-Berlin/5661529425096/">Archived</a> from the original on July 24, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+Press+International&rft.atitle=On+This+Day%3A+Germany+votes+to+move+capital+to+Berlin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.upi.com%2FTop_News%2F2018%2F06%2F20%2FOn-This-Day-Germany-votes-to-move-capital-to-Berlin%2F5661529425096%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFisher1991" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Marc_Fisher" title="Marc Fisher">Fisher, Marc</a> (June 20, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1991/06/21/berlin-voted-new-seat-of-government/d26089a2-faf4-4cfd-b481-ca67d9ee2f45/">"Berlin Voted New Seat of Government"</a>. The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241121122940/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1991/06/21/berlin-voted-new-seat-of-government/d26089a2-faf4-4cfd-b481-ca67d9ee2f45/">Archived</a> from the original on November 21, 2024. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Berlin+Voted+New+Seat+of+Government&rft.date=1991-06-20&rft.aulast=Fisher&rft.aufirst=Marc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Fpolitics%2F1991%2F06%2F21%2Fberlin-voted-new-seat-of-government%2Fd26089a2-faf4-4cfd-b481-ca67d9ee2f45%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSummers2018" class="citation web cs1">Summers, Mark (September 17, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thenorthernecho.co.uk/news/15576202.albert-dryden-shooting-still-haunted-day-saw-man-killed-cold-blood/">"Albert Dryden Shooting: 'Still haunted by day I saw a man killed in cold blood'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Northern_Echo" title="The Northern Echo">The Northern Echo</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240430123537/https://www.thenorthernecho.co.uk/news/15576202.albert-dryden-shooting-still-haunted-day-saw-man-killed-cold-blood/">Archived</a> from the original on April 30, 2024. Retrieved November 21, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Northern+Echo&rft.atitle=Albert+Dryden+Shooting%3A+%27Still+haunted+by+day+I+saw+a+man+killed+in+cold+blood%27&rft.date=2018-09-17&rft.aulast=Summers&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thenorthernecho.co.uk%2Fnews%2F15576202.albert-dryden-shooting-still-haunted-day-saw-man-killed-cold-blood%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://history.state.gov/milestones/1989-1992/breakup-yugoslavia">"Milestones: 1989–1992 – Office of the Historian"</a>. history.state.gov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210609125535/https://history.state.gov/milestones/1989-1992/breakup-yugoslavia">Archived</a> from the original on June 9, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=history.state.gov&rft.atitle=Milestones%3A+1989%E2%80%931992+%E2%80%93+Office+of+the+Historian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistory.state.gov%2Fmilestones%2F1989-1992%2Fbreakup-yugoslavia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFShepherd1991" class="citation web cs1">Shepherd, Leslie (May 19, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220319223114/https://apnews.com/article/ea422353d454637df6e14349b1854165">"Soviet-Led Comecon Trading Bloc To Disband"</a>. Associated Press News. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/ea422353d454637df6e14349b1854165">the original</a> on March 19, 2022. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press+News&rft.atitle=Soviet-Led+Comecon+Trading+Bloc+To+Disband&rft.date=1991-05-19&rft.aulast=Shepherd&rft.aufirst=Leslie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2Fea422353d454637df6e14349b1854165&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAndrews1991" class="citation news cs1">Andrews, Edmund L. (July 10, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1991/07/10/us/faulty-software-code-is-cited-in-phone-disruptions.html">"Faulty Software Code Is Cited in Phone Disruptions"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211029104126/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/07/10/us/faulty-software-code-is-cited-in-phone-disruptions.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 29, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Faulty+Software+Code+Is+Cited+in+Phone+Disruptions&rft.date=1991-07-10&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Andrews&rft.aufirst=Edmund+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1991%2F07%2F10%2Fus%2Ffaulty-software-code-is-cited-in-phone-disruptions.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mit.edu/hacker/part1.html">"PART ONE: Crashing the System"</a>. mit.edu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210610003134/http://www.mit.edu/hacker/part1.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 10, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mit.edu&rft.atitle=PART+ONE%3A+Crashing+the+System&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mit.edu%2Fhacker%2Fpart1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/event/Warsaw-Pact">"Warsaw Pact | Summary, History, Countries, Map, Significance, & Facts"</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180307024152/https://www.britannica.com/event/Warsaw-Pact">Archived</a> from the original on March 7, 2018. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Warsaw+Pact+%7C+Summary%2C+History%2C+Countries%2C+Map%2C+Significance%2C+%26+Facts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fevent%2FWarsaw-Pact&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="#cite_ref-170">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ericsson.com/en/about-us/history/changing-the-world/world-leadership/who-was-first">"Who was first?"</a>. ericsson.com. September 5, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211111081011/https://www.ericsson.com/en/about-us/history/changing-the-world/world-leadership/who-was-first">Archived</a> from the original on November 11, 2021. Retrieved November 11, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ericsson.com&rft.atitle=Who+was+first%3F&rft.date=2016-09-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ericsson.com%2Fen%2Fabout-us%2Fhistory%2Fchanging-the-world%2Fworld-leadership%2Fwho-was-first&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFArghire2011" class="citation web cs1">Arghire, Ionut (July 1, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://news.softpedia.com/news/20-Years-Since-the-First-GSM-Call-209354.shtml">"20 Years Since the First GSM Call"</a>. softpediaglish. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211111081010/https://news.softpedia.com/news/20-Years-Since-the-First-GSM-Call-209354.shtml">Archived</a> from the original on November 11, 2021. Retrieved November 11, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=softpediaglish&rft.atitle=20+Years+Since+the+First+GSM+Call&rft.date=2011-07-01&rft.aulast=Arghire&rft.aufirst=Ionut&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnews.softpedia.com%2Fnews%2F20-Years-Since-the-First-GSM-Call-209354.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-172"><a href="#cite_ref-:1_172-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uca.edu/politicalscience/home/research-projects/dadm-project/western-hemisphere-region/colombia-1910-present/">"11. Colombia (1910–present)"</a>. uca.edu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240914001220/https://uca.edu/politicalscience/home/research-projects/dadm-project/western-hemisphere-region/colombia-1910-present/">Archived</a> from the original on September 14, 2024. Retrieved February 2, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=uca.edu&rft.atitle=11.+Colombia+%281910%E2%80%93present%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fuca.edu%2Fpoliticalscience%2Fhome%2Fresearch-projects%2Fdadm-project%2Fwestern-hemisphere-region%2Fcolombia-1910-present%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBrooke1991" class="citation news cs1">Brooke, James (July 5, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1991/07/05/world/colombia-s-rewritten-charter-opens-politics-to-new-forces.html">"Colombia's Rewritten Charter Opens Politics to New Forces"</a>. The New York Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150525223611/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/07/05/world/colombia-s-rewritten-charter-opens-politics-to-new-forces.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 25, 2015. Retrieved November 25, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Colombia%27s+Rewritten+Charter+Opens+Politics+to+New+Forces&rft.date=1991-07-05&rft.aulast=Brooke&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1991%2F07%2F05%2Fworld%2Fcolombia-s-rewritten-charter-opens-politics-to-new-forces.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFIstván_GyarmatiTheodor_Winkler2002" class="citation book cs1">István Gyarmati; Theodor Winkler (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=G32Hf131kAcC&pg=PA112">Post-Cold War Defense Reform: Lessons Learned in Europe and the United States</a>. Potomac Books, Inc. p. 112. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57488-577-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57488-577-4"><bdi>978-1-57488-577-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207102445/https://books.google.com/books?id=G32Hf131kAcC&pg=PA112">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved April 11, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Post-Cold+War+Defense+Reform%3A+Lessons+Learned+in+Europe+and+the+United+States&rft.pages=112&rft.pub=Potomac+Books%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-1-57488-577-4&rft.au=Istv%C3%A1n+Gyarmati&rft.au=Theodor+Winkler&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DG32Hf131kAcC%26pg%3DPA112&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTempest1991" class="citation web cs1">Tempest, Rone (July 10, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-07-10-mn-1896-story.html">"South Africa Readmitted to Olympics Competition : Apartheid: Nation ends 21 years as a sports pariah because of racism. It is eligible for the 1992 Games"</a>. Los Angeles Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210613002020/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-07-10-mn-1896-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 13, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=South+Africa+Readmitted+to+Olympics+Competition+%3A+Apartheid%3A+Nation+ends+21+years+as+a+sports+pariah+because+of+racism.+It+is+eligible+for+the+1992+Games.&rft.date=1991-07-10&rft.aulast=Tempest&rft.aufirst=Rone&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1991-07-10-mn-1896-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHoney1991" class="citation web cs1">Honey, Peter (July 11, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-1991-07-11-1991192039-story.html">"Bush ends ban on trade with South Africa Executive order tied to "profound" moves on apartheid"</a>. The Baltimore Sun. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210622051207/https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-1991-07-11-1991192039-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 22, 2021. Retrieved June 13, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Baltimore+Sun&rft.atitle=Bush+ends+ban+on+trade+with+South+Africa+Executive+order+tied+to+%22profound%22+moves+on+apartheid&rft.date=1991-07-11&rft.aulast=Honey&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baltimoresun.com%2Fnews%2Fbs-xpm-1991-07-11-1991192039-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWines1991" class="citation news cs1">Wines, Michael (July 30, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1991/07/30/us/washington-at-work-quintessential-spy-undone-by-his-own-loyalty.html">"Washington at Work; Quintessential Spy Undone by His Own Loyalty"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210613002021/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/07/30/us/washington-at-work-quintessential-spy-undone-by-his-own-loyalty.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 13, 2021. Retrieved June 13, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Washington+at+Work%3B+Quintessential+Spy+Undone+by+His+Own+Loyalty&rft.date=1991-07-30&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Wines&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1991%2F07%2F30%2Fus%2Fwashington-at-work-quintessential-spy-undone-by-his-own-loyalty.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJohnston1991" class="citation web cs1">Johnston, David (September 17, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-1991-09-17-1991260006-story.html">"All Iran-contra charges against North dropped Prosecutors cite taint of testimony given to Congress"</a>. The Baltimore Sun. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210622052741/https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-1991-09-17-1991260006-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 22, 2021. Retrieved June 13, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Baltimore+Sun&rft.atitle=All+Iran-contra+charges+against+North+dropped+Prosecutors+cite+taint+of+testimony+given+to+Congress&rft.date=1991-09-17&rft.aulast=Johnston&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baltimoresun.com%2Fnews%2Fbs-xpm-1991-09-17-1991260006-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEspenak1989" class="citation journal cs1">Espenak, Fred (June 1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1989JRASC..83..157E">"Predictions for the Total Solar Eclipse of 1991"</a>. Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of Canada. 83: 157–178. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1989JRASC..83..157E">1989JRASC..83..157E</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241125135126/https://adsabs.harvard.edu/full/1989JRASC..83..157E">Archived</a> from the original on November 25, 2024. Retrieved November 25, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+Royal+Astronomical+Society+of+Canada&rft.atitle=Predictions+for+the+Total+Solar+Eclipse+of+1991&rft.volume=83&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E157-%3C%2Fspan%3E178&rft.date=1989-06&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1989JRASC..83..157E&rft.aulast=Espenak&rft.aufirst=Fred&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fadsabs.harvard.edu%2Ffull%2F1989JRASC..83..157E&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mexiconewsdaily.com/culture/how-did-mexicans-experience-the-last-total-solar-eclipse-of-1991/">"How did Mexicans experience the last total solar eclipse of 1991?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Mexico_News_Daily" title="Mexico News Daily">Mexico News Daily</a>. April 8, 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240425031338/https://mexiconewsdaily.com/culture/how-did-mexicans-experience-the-last-total-solar-eclipse-of-1991/">Archived</a> from the original on April 25, 2024. Retrieved November 25, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Mexico+News+Daily&rft.atitle=How+did+Mexicans+experience+the+last+total+solar+eclipse+of+1991%3F&rft.date=2024-04-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmexiconewsdaily.com%2Fculture%2Fhow-did-mexicans-experience-the-last-total-solar-eclipse-of-1991%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1991/07/12/world/261-die-as-a-flight-for-muslim-pilgrims-crashes-near-jidda.html">"261 Die as a Flight for Muslim Pilgrims Crashes Near Jidda"</a>. The New York Times. Associated Press. July 12, 1991. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210308160902/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/07/12/world/261-die-as-a-flight-for-muslim-pilgrims-crashes-near-jidda.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 8, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=261+Die+as+a+Flight+for+Muslim+Pilgrims+Crashes+Near+Jidda&rft.date=1991-07-12&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1991%2F07%2F12%2Fworld%2F261-die-as-a-flight-for-muslim-pilgrims-crashes-near-jidda.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDeckelman1991" class="citation web cs1">Deckelman, Paul (December 31, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.upi.com/Archives/1991/12/31/Chemical-Bank-Manufacturers-Hanover-officially-merge/3446694155600/">"Chemical Bank, Manufacturers Hanover officially merge"</a>. United Press International. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210611235804/https://www.upi.com/Archives/1991/12/31/Chemical-Bank-Manufacturers-Hanover-officially-merge/3446694155600/">Archived</a> from the original on June 11, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+Press+International&rft.atitle=Chemical+Bank%2C+Manufacturers+Hanover+officially+merge&rft.date=1991-12-31&rft.aulast=Deckelman&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.upi.com%2FArchives%2F1991%2F12%2F31%2FChemical-Bank-Manufacturers-Hanover-officially-merge%2F3446694155600%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Chemical-Banking-Corporation">"Chemical Banking Corporation | American bank holding company"</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210511011124/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Chemical-Banking-Corporation">Archived</a> from the original on May 11, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Chemical+Banking+Corporation+%7C+American+bank+holding+company&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FChemical-Banking-Corporation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFClines1991" class="citation news cs1">Clines, Francis X. (May 23, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1991/05/23/world/gorbachev-pleads-for-100-billion-in-aid-from-west.html">"Gorbachev pleads for $100 billion in aid from West"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210630145459/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/05/23/world/gorbachev-pleads-for-100-billion-in-aid-from-west.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 30, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Gorbachev+pleads+for+%24100+billion+in+aid+from+West&rft.date=1991-05-23&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Clines&rft.aufirst=Francis+X.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1991%2F05%2F23%2Fworld%2Fgorbachev-pleads-for-100-billion-in-aid-from-west.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWhitney1991" class="citation news cs1">Whitney, Craig R. (September 2, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1991/09/02/world/gorbachev-asks-british-leader-for-economic-aid.html">"Gorbachev Asks British Leader for Economic Aid"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211029105714/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/09/02/world/gorbachev-asks-british-leader-for-economic-aid.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 29, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Gorbachev+Asks+British+Leader+for+Economic+Aid&rft.date=1991-09-02&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Whitney&rft.aufirst=Craig+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1991%2F09%2F02%2Fworld%2Fgorbachev-asks-british-leader-for-economic-aid.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://climate-diplomacy.org/case-studies/communal-violence-mauritania-and-senegal-1989-1992">"Communal Violence in Mauritania and Senegal 1989–1992"</a>. climate-diplomacy.org. January 1989. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210516234603/https://climate-diplomacy.org/case-studies/communal-violence-mauritania-and-senegal-1989-1992">Archived</a> from the original on May 16, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=climate-diplomacy.org&rft.atitle=Communal+Violence+in+Mauritania+and+Senegal+1989%E2%80%931992&rft.date=1989-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fclimate-diplomacy.org%2Fcase-studies%2Fcommunal-violence-mauritania-and-senegal-1989-1992&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHudson1991" class="citation web cs1">Hudson, Maryann (September 10, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-09-10-mn-2440-story.html">"Tyson Indicted; Allegedly Raped Beauty Hopeful"</a>. Los Angeles Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210613002022/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-09-10-mn-2440-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 13, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Tyson+Indicted%3B+Allegedly+Raped+Beauty+Hopeful&rft.date=1991-09-10&rft.aulast=Hudson&rft.aufirst=Maryann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1991-09-10-mn-2440-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBrubaker1991" class="citation news cs1">Brubaker, Bill (September 10, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1991/09/10/tyson-indicted-on-rape-3-other-counts-in-indiana/51808ac3-5e35-451e-b452-e878368f7a66/">"Tyson Indicted on Rape, 3 Other Counts in Indiana"</a>. The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241122140328/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1991/09/10/tyson-indicted-on-rape-3-other-counts-in-indiana/51808ac3-5e35-451e-b452-e878368f7a66/">Archived</a> from the original on November 22, 2024. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Tyson+Indicted+on+Rape%2C+3+Other+Counts+in+Indiana&rft.date=1991-09-10&rft.aulast=Brubaker&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Fpolitics%2F1991%2F09%2F10%2Ftyson-indicted-on-rape-3-other-counts-in-indiana%2F51808ac3-5e35-451e-b452-e878368f7a66%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHazarika1991" class="citation news cs1">Hazarika, Sanjoy (July 25, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1991/07/25/business/india-retreats-from-socialist-past.html">"India Retreats From Socialist Past"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211029104315/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/07/25/business/india-retreats-from-socialist-past.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 29, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=India+Retreats+From+Socialist+Past&rft.date=1991-07-25&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Hazarika&rft.aufirst=Sanjoy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1991%2F07%2F25%2Fbusiness%2Findia-retreats-from-socialist-past.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDye1991" class="citation web cs1">Dye, Lee (July 25, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-07-25-mn-175-story.html">"Planet Believed Found Beyond Solar System"</a>. Los Angeles Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210613002019/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-07-25-mn-175-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 13, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Planet+Believed+Found+Beyond+Solar+System&rft.date=1991-07-25&rft.aulast=Dye&rft.aufirst=Lee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1991-07-25-mn-175-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLohr1991" class="citation news cs1">Lohr, Steve (August 12, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1991/08/12/business/world-class-fraud-bcci-pulled-it-off-special-report-end-twisted-trail-piggy-bank.html">"World-Class Fraud: How B.C.C.I. Pulled It Off – A special report.; At the End of a Twisted Trail, Piggy Bank for a Favored Few"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210707012400/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/08/12/business/world-class-fraud-bcci-pulled-it-off-special-report-end-twisted-trail-piggy-bank.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 7, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=World-Class+Fraud%3A+How+B.C.C.I.+Pulled+It+Off+%E2%80%93+A+special+report.%3B+At+the+End+of+a+Twisted+Trail%2C+Piggy+Bank+for+a+Favored+Few&rft.date=1991-08-12&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Lohr&rft.aufirst=Steve&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1991%2F08%2F12%2Fbusiness%2Fworld-class-fraud-bcci-pulled-it-off-special-report-end-twisted-trail-piggy-bank.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFritzBates1991" class="citation web cs1">Fritz, Sara; Bates, James (July 11, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-07-11-mn-2869-story.html">"BCCI Case May Be History's Biggest Bank Fraud Scandal : Finance: Losses from seized institution may reach $15 billion. Some Third World central banks could collapse"</a>. Los Angeles Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210723170410/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-07-11-mn-2869-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 23, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=BCCI+Case+May+Be+History%27s+Biggest+Bank+Fraud+Scandal+%3A+Finance%3A+Losses+from+seized+institution+may+reach+%2415+billion.+Some+Third+World+central+banks+could+collapse.&rft.date=1991-07-11&rft.aulast=Fritz&rft.aufirst=Sara&rft.au=Bates%2C+James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1991-07-11-mn-2869-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/articles/start-treaty-1991.htm">"Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty of 1991"</a>. National Park Service. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210606113645/https://www.nps.gov/articles/start-treaty-1991.htm">Archived</a> from the original on June 6, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Park+Service&rft.atitle=Strategic+Arms+Reduction+Treaty+of+1991&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Farticles%2Fstart-treaty-1991.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAndrew_Glass2018" class="citation web cs1">Andrew Glass (July 31, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.politico.com/story/2018/07/31/bush-and-gorbachev-sign-nuclear-arms-pact-july-31-1991-743837">"Bush and Gorbachev sign nuclear arms pact, July 31, 1991"</a>. Politico. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207102432/https://www.politico.com/story/2018/07/31/bush-and-gorbachev-sign-nuclear-arms-pact-july-31-1991-743837">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Politico&rft.atitle=Bush+and+Gorbachev+sign+nuclear+arms+pact%2C+July+31%2C+1991&rft.date=2018-07-31&rft.au=Andrew+Glass&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.politico.com%2Fstory%2F2018%2F07%2F31%2Fbush-and-gorbachev-sign-nuclear-arms-pact-july-31-1991-743837&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-195"><a href="#cite_ref-195">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFKeller1991" class="citation news cs1">Keller, Bill (August 1, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1991/08/01/world/gunmen-kill-6-lithuania-border-guards.html">"Gunmen Kill 6 Lithuania Border Guards"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211029104456/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/08/01/world/gunmen-kill-6-lithuania-border-guards.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 29, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Gunmen+Kill+6+Lithuania+Border+Guards&rft.date=1991-08-01&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Keller&rft.aufirst=Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1991%2F08%2F01%2Fworld%2Fgunmen-kill-6-lithuania-border-guards.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTracevskis2009" class="citation web cs1">Tracevskis, Rokas M. (August 5, 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baltictimes.com/news/articles/23284/">"Remembering the Medininkai massacre"</a>. The Baltic Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210805210829/https://www.baltictimes.com/news/articles/23284/">Archived</a> from the original on August 5, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Baltic+Times&rft.atitle=Remembering+the+Medininkai+massacre&rft.date=2009-08-05&rft.aulast=Tracevskis&rft.aufirst=Rokas+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baltictimes.com%2Fnews%2Farticles%2F23284%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-197"><a href="#cite_ref-197">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWren1991" class="citation news cs1">Wren, Christopher S. (August 5, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1991/08/05/world/over-500-are-rescued-as-greek-cruise-ship-sinks-off-south-african-coast.html">"Over 500 Are Rescued as Greek Cruise Ship Sinks Off South African Coast"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170318061753/http://www.nytimes.com/1991/08/05/world/over-500-are-rescued-as-greek-cruise-ship-sinks-off-south-african-coast.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 18, 2017. Retrieved June 13, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Over+500+Are+Rescued+as+Greek+Cruise+Ship+Sinks+Off+South+African+Coast&rft.date=1991-08-05&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Wren&rft.aufirst=Christopher+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1991%2F08%2F05%2Fworld%2Fover-500-are-rescued-as-greek-cruise-ship-sinks-off-south-african-coast.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-198"><a href="#cite_ref-198">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEddings1991" class="citation web cs1">Eddings, Jerelyn (August 6, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-1991-08-06-1991218021-story.html">"South Africa probes cause of luxury liner's sinking"</a>. The Baltimore Sun. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210622053131/https://www.baltimoresun.com/news/bs-xpm-1991-08-06-1991218021-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 22, 2021. Retrieved June 13, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Baltimore+Sun&rft.atitle=South+Africa+probes+cause+of+luxury+liner%27s+sinking&rft.date=1991-08-06&rft.aulast=Eddings&rft.aufirst=Jerelyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baltimoresun.com%2Fnews%2Fbs-xpm-1991-08-06-1991218021-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.w3.org/Press/IPO-announce.html">"Press Release: W3C Launches International Program Office for WAI"</a>. w3.org. October 22, 1997. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210802135953/https://www.w3.org/Press/IPO-announce.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 2, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=w3.org&rft.atitle=Press+Release%3A+W3C+Launches+International+Program+Office+for+WAI&rft.date=1997-10-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2FPress%2FIPO-announce.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://home.cern/science/computing/birth-web/short-history-web">"A short history of the Web"</a>. CERN. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220417082120/https://home.cern/science/computing/birth-web/short-history-web">Archived</a> from the original on April 17, 2022. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CERN&rft.atitle=A+short+history+of+the+Web&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhome.cern%2Fscience%2Fcomputing%2Fbirth-web%2Fshort-history-web&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-f2410-201"><a href="#cite_ref-f2410_201-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJacinto2010" class="citation news cs1">Jacinto, Leela (May 19, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.france24.com/en/20100518-ali-vakili-rad-perfect-murder-imperfect-getaway-shapour-bakhtiar">"Ali Vakili Rad: The Perfect Murder and An Imperfect Getaway"</a>. <a href="/wiki/France_24" title="France 24">France 24</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130809141440/http://www.france24.com/en/20100518-ali-vakili-rad-perfect-murder-imperfect-getaway-shapour-bakhtiar">Archived</a> from the original on August 9, 2013. Retrieved July 31, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=France+24&rft.atitle=Ali+Vakili+Rad%3A+The+Perfect+Murder+and+An+Imperfect+Getaway&rft.date=2010-05-19&rft.aulast=Jacinto&rft.aufirst=Leela&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fen%2F20100518-ali-vakili-rad-perfect-murder-imperfect-getaway-shapour-bakhtiar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newstalk.com/news/25-year-ago-today-the-tallest-structure-on-earth-youve-never-heard-of-collapsed-582011">"25 years ago today, the tallest structure on earth you've never heard of collapsed"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Newstalk.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newstalk.com">Newstalk.com</a>. August 9, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201111193132/https://www.newstalk.com/news/25-year-ago-today-the-tallest-structure-on-earth-youve-never-heard-of-collapsed-582011">Archived</a> from the original on November 11, 2020. Retrieved December 7, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Newstalk.com&rft.atitle=25+years+ago+today%2C+the+tallest+structure+on+earth+you%27ve+never+heard+of+collapsed&rft.date=2016-08-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newstalk.com%2Fnews%2F25-year-ago-today-the-tallest-structure-on-earth-youve-never-heard-of-collapsed-582011&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFThorson1991" class="citation web cs1">Thorson, Larry (August 17, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210613002022/https://apnews.com/article/6c528d7edbe51167154a830b564d6143">"Precede Hechingen Frederick The Great Being Returned To Prussian Grave"</a>. Associated Press News. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/6c528d7edbe51167154a830b564d6143">the original</a> on June 13, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press+News&rft.atitle=Precede+Hechingen+Frederick+The+Great+Being+Returned+To+Prussian+Grave&rft.date=1991-08-17&rft.aulast=Thorson&rft.aufirst=Larry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2F6c528d7edbe51167154a830b564d6143&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFisher1991" class="citation news cs1">Fisher, Marc (August 16, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1991/08/17/frederick-the-grave/20b2dfdd-69fa-487d-a568-77ffa8cda4df/">"Frederick The Grave"</a>. The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241125093149/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/1991/08/17/frederick-the-grave/20b2dfdd-69fa-487d-a568-77ffa8cda4df/">Archived</a> from the original on November 25, 2024. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Frederick+The+Grave&rft.date=1991-08-16&rft.aulast=Fisher&rft.aufirst=Marc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Flifestyle%2F1991%2F08%2F17%2Ffrederick-the-grave%2F20b2dfdd-69fa-487d-a568-77ffa8cda4df%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-205"><a href="#cite_ref-205">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJones1991" class="citation web cs1">Jones, Tamara (August 13, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-08-13-wr-1088-story.html">"Postscript : Coming Home to Rest After 205 Years, 6 Stops : Frederick the Great wanted to be buried in the garden of his summer palace. Now, he's about to get his wish"</a>. Los Angeles Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210613002019/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-08-13-wr-1088-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 13, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Postscript+%3A+Coming+Home+to+Rest+After+205+Years%2C+6+Stops+%3A+Frederick+the+Great+wanted+to+be+buried+in+the+garden+of+his+summer+palace.+Now%2C+he%27s+about+to+get+his+wish.&rft.date=1991-08-13&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Tamara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1991-08-13-wr-1088-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFUS_Department_of_Commerce" class="citation web cs1">US Department of Commerce, NOAA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.weather.gov/mhx/HurricaneBob1991EventReview">"Hurricane Bob, August 18–19, 1991"</a>. weather.gov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210613003526/https://www.weather.gov/mhx/HurricaneBob1991EventReview">Archived</a> from the original on June 13, 2021. Retrieved June 13, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=weather.gov&rft.atitle=Hurricane+Bob%2C+August+18%E2%80%9319%2C+1991&rft.aulast=US+Department+of+Commerce&rft.aufirst=NOAA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.weather.gov%2Fmhx%2FHurricaneBob1991EventReview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1991/08/19/us/hurricane-hits-north-carolina-and-moves-north.html">"Hurricane Hits North Carolina and Moves North"</a>. The New York Times. August 19, 1991. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210613002023/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/08/19/us/hurricane-hits-north-carolina-and-moves-north.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 13, 2021. Retrieved June 13, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Hurricane+Hits+North+Carolina+and+Moves+North&rft.date=1991-08-19&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1991%2F08%2F19%2Fus%2Fhurricane-hits-north-carolina-and-moves-north.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-208"><a href="#cite_ref-208">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210616042824/https://apnews.com/article/8aa2b54331db039d8a6c4b963870da71">"Hurricane Bob Howls into New England After Lashing Long Island, East Coast"</a>. Associated Press News. August 19, 1991. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/8aa2b54331db039d8a6c4b963870da71">the original</a> on June 16, 2021. Retrieved June 13, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press+News&rft.atitle=Hurricane+Bob+Howls+into+New+England+After+Lashing+Long+Island%2C+East+Coast&rft.date=1991-08-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2F8aa2b54331db039d8a6c4b963870da71&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-209"><a href="#cite_ref-209">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Soviet-Coup-of-1991">"Soviet Coup of 1991 | Soviet history"</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210501093549/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Soviet-Coup-of-1991">Archived</a> from the original on May 1, 2021. Retrieved June 13, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Soviet+Coup+of+1991+%7C+Soviet+history&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FSoviet-Coup-of-1991&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-14579945">"Moscow 1991: A coup that seemed doomed from the start"</a>. BBC News. August 18, 2011. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210613002019/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-14579945">Archived</a> from the original on June 13, 2021. Retrieved June 13, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Moscow+1991%3A+A+coup+that+seemed+doomed+from+the+start&rft.date=2011-08-18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-14579945&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://icelandmonitor.mbl.is/news/politics_and_society/2016/08/22/25_years_ago_today_iceland_recognises_estonia_and_l/">"25 years ago today: Iceland recognises Estonia and Latvia"</a>. Iceland Monitor. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210613002022/https://icelandmonitor.mbl.is/news/politics_and_society/2016/08/22/25_years_ago_today_iceland_recognises_estonia_and_l/">Archived</a> from the original on June 13, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Iceland+Monitor&rft.atitle=25+years+ago+today%3A+Iceland+recognises+Estonia+and+Latvia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ficelandmonitor.mbl.is%2Fnews%2Fpolitics_and_society%2F2016%2F08%2F22%2F25_years_ago_today_iceland_recognises_estonia_and_l%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-212"><a href="#cite_ref-212">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDahlburgMarshall1991" class="citation web cs1">Dahlburg, John-Thor; Marshall, Tyler (September 7, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-09-07-mn-1530-story.html">"Independence for Baltic States : Freedom: Moscow formally recognizes Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia, ending half a century of control. Soviets to begin talks soon on new relationships with the three nations"</a>. Los Angeles Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210603043522/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-09-07-mn-1530-story.html?_amp=true">Archived</a> from the original on June 3, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Independence+for+Baltic+States+%3A+Freedom%3A+Moscow+formally+recognizes+Lithuania%2C+Latvia+and+Estonia%2C+ending+half+a+century+of+control.+Soviets+to+begin+talks+soon+on+new+relationships+with+the+three+nations.&rft.date=1991-09-07&rft.aulast=Dahlburg&rft.aufirst=John-Thor&rft.au=Marshall%2C+Tyler&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1991-09-07-mn-1530-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-213"><a href="#cite_ref-213">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/flag-of-Russia">"Flag of Russia"</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201025144020/https://www.britannica.com/topic/flag-of-Russia">Archived</a> from the original on October 25, 2020. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Flag+of+Russia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2Fflag-of-Russia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-214"><a href="#cite_ref-214">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPaul_G._LewisProfessor_Paul_Lewis2001" class="citation book cs1">Paul G. Lewis; Professor Paul Lewis (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sKYMwihCa8QC&pg=PA141">Party Development and Democratic Change in Post-Communist Europe: The First Decade</a>. Psychology Press. p. 141. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7146-5155-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7146-5155-2"><bdi>978-0-7146-5155-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207102350/https://books.google.com/books?id=sKYMwihCa8QC&pg=PA141#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved August 25, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Party+Development+and+Democratic+Change+in+Post-Communist+Europe%3A+The+First+Decade&rft.pages=141&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-7146-5155-2&rft.au=Paul+G.+Lewis&rft.au=Professor+Paul+Lewis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsKYMwihCa8QC%26pg%3DPA141&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-215"><a href="#cite_ref-215">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSanchez2018" class="citation web cs1">Sanchez, Dylan (October 8, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210613002021/https://stmuhistorymedia.org/the-battle-of-vukovar-croatias-hope-to-defend-their-land/">"The Battle of Vukovar: Croatia's Hope to Defend Their Land"</a>. <a href="/wiki/St_Mary%27s_University,_Twickenham" title="St Mary's University, Twickenham">StMU History Media</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://stmuhistorymedia.org/the-battle-of-vukovar-croatias-hope-to-defend-their-land/">the original</a> on June 13, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=StMU+History+Media&rft.atitle=The+Battle+of+Vukovar%3A+Croatia%27s+Hope+to+Defend+Their+Land&rft.date=2018-10-08&rft.aulast=Sanchez&rft.aufirst=Dylan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstmuhistorymedia.org%2Fthe-battle-of-vukovar-croatias-hope-to-defend-their-land%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-216"><a href="#cite_ref-216">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~awb/linux.history.html">"LINUX's History by Linus Torvalds"</a>. cs.cmu.edu. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230914053148/https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~awb/linux.history.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 14, 2023. Retrieved June 13, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cs.cmu.edu&rft.atitle=LINUX%27s+History+by+Linus+Torvalds&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cs.cmu.edu%2F~awb%2Flinux.history.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-217"><a href="#cite_ref-217">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://tldp.org/LDP/intro-linux/html/sect_01_01.html">"History"</a>. tldp.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210616043353/https://tldp.org/LDP/intro-linux/html/sect_01_01.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 16, 2021. Retrieved June 13, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=tldp.org&rft.atitle=History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftldp.org%2FLDP%2Fintro-linux%2Fhtml%2Fsect_01_01.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-218"><a href="#cite_ref-218">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBenson2003" class="citation news cs1">Benson, Andrew (October 12, 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/motorsport/formula_one/3168114.stm">"Who is the greatest ever?"</a>. BBC Sport. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131016052557/http://news.bbc.co.uk/sport2/hi/motorsport/formula_one/3168114.stm">Archived</a> from the original on October 16, 2013. Retrieved July 25, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+Sport&rft.atitle=Who+is+the+greatest+ever%3F&rft.date=2003-10-12&rft.aulast=Benson&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fsport2%2Fhi%2Fmotorsport%2Fformula_one%2F3168114.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-219"><a href="#cite_ref-219">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-08-31-mn-1251-story.html">"Lebanon's Aoun in Exile at French Villa : Mideast: Mutinous general is spirited out of Beirut under an amnesty for war crimes"</a>. Los Angeles Times. August 31, 1991. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210613002020/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-08-31-mn-1251-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 13, 2021. Retrieved June 13, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Lebanon%27s+Aoun+in+Exile+at+French+Villa+%3A+Mideast%3A+Mutinous+general+is+spirited+out+of+Beirut+under+an+amnesty+for+war+crimes.&rft.date=1991-08-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1991-08-31-mn-1251-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-220"><a href="#cite_ref-220">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBoustany1991" class="citation news cs1">Boustany, Nora (August 30, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1991/08/30/aoun-leaves-lebanon-to-live-in-exile/fc2c3697-3b42-4af1-8574-296e26bb7b15/">"Aoun Leaves Lebanon To Live in Exile"</a>. The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211224143945/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1991/08/30/aoun-leaves-lebanon-to-live-in-exile/fc2c3697-3b42-4af1-8574-296e26bb7b15/">Archived</a> from the original on December 24, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Aoun+Leaves+Lebanon+To+Live+in+Exile&rft.date=1991-08-30&rft.aulast=Boustany&rft.aufirst=Nora&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Fpolitics%2F1991%2F08%2F30%2Faoun-leaves-lebanon-to-live-in-exile%2Ffc2c3697-3b42-4af1-8574-296e26bb7b15%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-221"><a href="#cite_ref-221">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPotier2001" class="citation book cs1">Potier, Tim (2001). Conflict in Nagorno-Karabakh, Abkhazia and South Ossetia : a legal appraisal. The Hague Boston: Kluwer Law International. p. 16. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789041114778" title="Special:BookSources/9789041114778"><bdi>9789041114778</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Conflict+in+Nagorno-Karabakh%2C+Abkhazia+and+South+Ossetia+%3A+a+legal+appraisal&rft.place=The+Hague+Boston&rft.pages=16&rft.pub=Kluwer+Law+International&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9789041114778&rft.aulast=Potier&rft.aufirst=Tim&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-222"><a href="#cite_ref-222">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-09-04-mn-1427-story.html">"Food Plant Fire Kills 25; Exits Blocked : Disaster: Chicken workers in North Carolina are trapped in a facility that had never been inspected for safety. Another 40 workers hurt"</a>. Los Angeles Times. September 4, 1991. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210613002021/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-09-04-mn-1427-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 13, 2021. Retrieved June 13, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Food+Plant+Fire+Kills+25%3B+Exits+Blocked+%3A+Disaster%3A+Chicken+workers+in+North+Carolina+are+trapped+in+a+facility+that+had+never+been+inspected+for+safety.+Another+40+workers+hurt.&rft.date=1991-09-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1991-09-04-mn-1427-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-223"><a href="#cite_ref-223">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=984823229">"The Tragic Story of the Hamlet Fire"</a>. NPR. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210616043309/https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=984823229">Archived</a> from the original on June 16, 2021. Retrieved June 13, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Tragic+Story+of+the+Hamlet+Fire&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.npr.org%2Ftemplates%2Fstory%2Fstory.php%3FstoryId%3D984823229&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-224"><a href="#cite_ref-224">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1991/09/24/world/reverting-to-original-name-sverdlovsk-is-yekaterinburg.html">"Reverting to Original Name, Sverdlovsk Is Yekaterinburg"</a>. The New York Times. Reuters. September 24, 1991. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211029111642/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/09/24/world/reverting-to-original-name-sverdlovsk-is-yekaterinburg.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 29, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Reverting+to+Original+Name%2C+Sverdlovsk+Is+Yekaterinburg&rft.date=1991-09-24&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1991%2F09%2F24%2Fworld%2Freverting-to-original-name-sverdlovsk-is-yekaterinburg.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-225"><a href="#cite_ref-225">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/av/stories-45411151">"Leningrad changes its name back to St Petersburg"</a>. BBC News. September 5, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210511115117/https://www.bbc.com/news/av/stories-45411151">Archived</a> from the original on May 11, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Leningrad+changes+its+name+back+to+St+Petersburg&rft.date=2018-09-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fav%2Fstories-45411151&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-226"><a href="#cite_ref-226">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSchmemann1991" class="citation news cs1">Schmemann, Serge (September 6, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1991/09/06/world/soviet-turmoil-soviet-congress-yields-rule-republics-avoid-political-economic.html">"Soviet turmoil; Soviet congress yields rule to Republics to avoid political and economic collapse"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210623001222/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/09/06/world/soviet-turmoil-soviet-congress-yields-rule-republics-avoid-political-economic.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 23, 2021. Retrieved June 16, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Soviet+turmoil%3B+Soviet+congress+yields+rule+to+Republics+to+avoid+political+and+economic+collapse&rft.date=1991-09-06&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Schmemann&rft.aufirst=Serge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1991%2F09%2F06%2Fworld%2Fsoviet-turmoil-soviet-congress-yields-rule-republics-avoid-political-economic.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-227"><a href="#cite_ref-227">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWright1991" class="citation web cs1">Wright, Robin (September 12, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-09-12-mn-2961-story.html">"Israel Frees 51 Arab Prisoners : Mideast: Officials act after receiving proof that a soldier captured in Lebanon is dead. The U.N. mediation success raises U.S. hopes for release of Western hostages"</a>. Los Angeles Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211015190311/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-09-12-mn-2961-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 15, 2021. Retrieved June 16, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Israel+Frees+51+Arab+Prisoners+%3A+Mideast%3A+Officials+act+after+receiving+proof+that+a+soldier+captured+in+Lebanon+is+dead.+The+U.N.+mediation+success+raises+U.S.+hopes+for+release+of+Western+hostages.&rft.date=1991-09-12&rft.aulast=Wright&rft.aufirst=Robin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1991-09-12-mn-2961-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-228"><a href="#cite_ref-228">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/8e59e14746e4d17097ff537cbb1e3af8">"Hostage Talks Advance As Israel Frees Arab Prisoners"</a>. Associated Press News. Retrieved June 16, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press+News&rft.atitle=Hostage+Talks+Advance+As+Israel+Frees+Arab+Prisoners&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2F8e59e14746e4d17097ff537cbb1e3af8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">permanent dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-229"><a href="#cite_ref-229">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMcManus1991" class="citation web cs1">McManus, Doyle (September 12, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-09-12-mn-2964-story.html">"Soviet Troops to Leave Cuba, Gorbachev Says"</a>. Los Angeles Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210405152550/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-09-12-mn-2964-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 5, 2021. Retrieved June 16, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Soviet+Troops+to+Leave+Cuba%2C+Gorbachev+Says&rft.date=1991-09-12&rft.aulast=McManus&rft.aufirst=Doyle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1991-09-12-mn-2964-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-230"><a href="#cite_ref-230">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Cuba">"Cuba – National evolution and Soviet influence"</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210823081846/https://www.britannica.com/place/Cuba">Archived</a> from the original on August 23, 2021. Retrieved June 16, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Cuba+%E2%80%93+National+evolution+and+Soviet+influence&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FCuba&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-231"><a href="#cite_ref-231">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/2303_91.htm">"Sweden: parliamentary elections Riksdagen, 1991"</a>. archive.ipu.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210613002022/http://archive.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/2303_91.htm">Archived</a> from the original on June 13, 2021. Retrieved June 13, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=archive.ipu.org&rft.atitle=Sweden%3A+parliamentary+elections+Riksdagen%2C+1991&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.ipu.org%2Fparline-e%2Freports%2Farc%2F2303_91.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-232"><a href="#cite_ref-232">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRapp1991" class="citation web cs1">Rapp, Johan (September 16, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210613002020/https://apnews.com/article/5f949132139314c8efa02c6faffdf4e8">"Ingvar Carlsson: A Leader Who Put the Team Above Himself With PM-Sweden Election, Bjt"</a>. Associated Press News. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/5f949132139314c8efa02c6faffdf4e8">the original</a> on June 13, 2021. Retrieved June 13, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press+News&rft.atitle=Ingvar+Carlsson%3A+A+Leader+Who+Put+the+Team+Above+Himself+With+PM-Sweden+Election%2C+Bjt&rft.date=1991-09-16&rft.aulast=Rapp&rft.aufirst=Johan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2F5f949132139314c8efa02c6faffdf4e8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-233"><a href="#cite_ref-233">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNations" class="citation web cs1">Nations, United. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/en/about-us/member-states">"Member States"</a>. United Nations. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220629090000/https://www.un.org/en/about-us/member-states">Archived</a> from the original on June 29, 2022. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Member+States&rft.pub=United+Nations&rft.aulast=Nations&rft.aufirst=United&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fen%2Fabout-us%2Fmember-states&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-234"><a href="#cite_ref-234">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPappas2020" class="citation web cs1">Pappas, Stephanie (December 17, 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.livescience.com/otzi-iceman-lived-in-ice-free-alpine.html">"Ötzi the Iceman may have scaled ice-free Alps"</a>. livescience.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210613002021/https://www.livescience.com/otzi-iceman-lived-in-ice-free-alpine.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 13, 2021. Retrieved June 13, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=livescience.com&rft.atitle=%C3%96tzi+the+Iceman+may+have+scaled+ice-free+Alps&rft.date=2020-12-17&rft.aulast=Pappas&rft.aufirst=Stephanie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.livescience.com%2Fotzi-iceman-lived-in-ice-free-alpine.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-235"><a href="#cite_ref-235">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210227235442/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/article/scientists-reconstruct-otzi-iceman-final-climb">"Scientists reconstruct Ötzi the Iceman's frantic final climb"</a>. History. October 30, 2019. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/history/article/scientists-reconstruct-otzi-iceman-final-climb">the original</a> on February 27, 2021. Retrieved June 13, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=History&rft.atitle=Scientists+reconstruct+%C3%96tzi+the+Iceman%27s+frantic+final+climb&rft.date=2019-10-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalgeographic.com%2Fhistory%2Farticle%2Fscientists-reconstruct-otzi-iceman-final-climb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-236"><a href="#cite_ref-236">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Otzi">"Otzi | Discovery & Facts"</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220624172716/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Otzi">Archived</a> from the original on June 24, 2022. Retrieved June 13, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Otzi+%7C+Discovery+%26+Facts&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FOtzi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-237"><a href="#cite_ref-237">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLewis1991" class="citation news cs1">Lewis, Paul (September 28, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1991/09/28/world/44-un-inspectors-freed-by-iraq-with-secret-nuclear-documents.html">"44 U.N. Inspectors Freed by Iraq With Secret Nuclear Documents"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210909143618/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/09/28/world/44-un-inspectors-freed-by-iraq-with-secret-nuclear-documents.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 9, 2021. Retrieved June 16, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=44+U.N.+Inspectors+Freed+by+Iraq+With+Secret+Nuclear+Documents&rft.date=1991-09-28&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1991%2F09%2F28%2Fworld%2F44-un-inspectors-freed-by-iraq-with-secret-nuclear-documents.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-238"><a href="#cite_ref-238">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.congress.gov/105/plaws/publ235/PLAW-105publ235.pdf">"Iraqi breach of international obligations"</a> (PDF). congress.gov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240205010012/https://www.congress.gov/105/plaws/publ235/PLAW-105publ235.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on February 5, 2024. Retrieved March 6, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=congress.gov&rft.atitle=Iraqi+breach+of+international+obligations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.congress.gov%2F105%2Fplaws%2Fpubl235%2FPLAW-105publ235.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-239"><a href="#cite_ref-239">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://crln.acrl.org/index.php/crlnews/article/view/19723">"The Dead Sea Scrolls are opened to the public | Library Association"</a>. College & Research Libraries News. July 18, 2019. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5860%2Fcrln.52.10.629">10.5860/crln.52.10.629</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210726022100/https://crln.acrl.org/index.php/crlnews/article/view/19723">Archived</a> from the original on July 26, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=College+%26+Research+Libraries+News&rft.atitle=The+Dead+Sea+Scrolls+are+opened+to+the+public+%7C+Library+Association&rft.date=2019-07-18&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5860%2Fcrln.52.10.629&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcrln.acrl.org%2Findex.php%2Fcrlnews%2Farticle%2Fview%2F19723&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-240"><a href="#cite_ref-240">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWilford1991" class="citation news cs1">Wilford, John Noble (September 22, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1991/09/22/us/monopoly-over-dead-sea-scrolls-is-ended.html">"Monopoly Over Dead Sea Scrolls Is Ended"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181122183023/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/09/22/us/monopoly-over-dead-sea-scrolls-is-ended.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 22, 2018. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Monopoly+Over+Dead+Sea+Scrolls+Is+Ended&rft.date=1991-09-22&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Wilford&rft.aufirst=John+Noble&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1991%2F09%2F22%2Fus%2Fmonopoly-over-dead-sea-scrolls-is-ended.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-241"><a href="#cite_ref-241">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChandler1991" class="citation web cs1">Chandler, Russell (September 22, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-09-22-mn-4145-story.html">"Library Lifts Veil on Dead Sea Scrolls : Antiquities: The Huntington breaks four decades of secrecy surrounding biblical texts"</a>. Los Angeles Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211015214110/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-09-22-mn-4145-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 15, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Library+Lifts+Veil+on+Dead+Sea+Scrolls+%3A+Antiquities%3A+The+Huntington+breaks+four+decades+of+secrecy+surrounding+biblical+texts.&rft.date=1991-09-22&rft.aulast=Chandler&rft.aufirst=Russell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1991-09-22-mn-4145-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-242"><a href="#cite_ref-242">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFisk2015" class="citation web cs1">Fisk, Robert (November 13, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.independent.co.uk/news/beirut-hostage-war-hero-dies-1581687.html">"Beirut hostage war hero dies"</a>. The Independent. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240204061741/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/beirut-hostage-war-hero-dies-1581687.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 4, 2024. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Beirut+hostage+war+hero+dies&rft.date=2015-11-13&rft.aulast=Fisk&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fbeirut-hostage-war-hero-dies-1581687.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-243"><a href="#cite_ref-243">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1995/11/14/world/jack-mann-81-was-beirut-hostage.html">"Jack Mann 81; Was Beirut Hostage"</a>. The New York Times. Associated Press. November 14, 1995. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210613002022/https://www.nytimes.com/1995/11/14/world/jack-mann-81-was-beirut-hostage.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 13, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Jack+Mann+81%3B+Was+Beirut+Hostage&rft.date=1995-11-14&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1995%2F11%2F14%2Fworld%2Fjack-mann-81-was-beirut-hostage.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-244"><a href="#cite_ref-244">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-06-13-mn-898-story.html">"Bush Praises Salvadoran Leader's Peace Efforts"</a>. Los Angeles Times. June 13, 1991. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210613002023/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-06-13-mn-898-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 13, 2021. Retrieved June 13, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Bush+Praises+Salvadoran+Leader%27s+Peace+Efforts&rft.date=1991-06-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1991-06-13-mn-898-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-245"><a href="#cite_ref-245">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGruson1990" class="citation news cs1">Gruson, Lindsey (March 22, 1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1990/03/22/world/el-salvador-and-rebels-reportedly-agree-to-talks.html">"El Salvador and Rebels Reportedly Agree to Talks"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210613002020/https://www.nytimes.com/1990/03/22/world/el-salvador-and-rebels-reportedly-agree-to-talks.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 13, 2021. Retrieved June 13, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=El+Salvador+and+Rebels+Reportedly+Agree+to+Talks&rft.date=1990-03-22&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Gruson&rft.aufirst=Lindsey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1990%2F03%2F22%2Fworld%2Fel-salvador-and-rebels-reportedly-agree-to-talks.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-246"><a href="#cite_ref-246">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Farabundo-Marti-National-Liberation-Front">"Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front | political party, El Salvador"</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190514084047/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Farabundo-Marti-National-Liberation-Front">Archived</a> from the original on May 14, 2019. Retrieved June 13, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Farabundo+Mart%C3%AD+National+Liberation+Front+%7C+political+party%2C+El+Salvador&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FFarabundo-Marti-National-Liberation-Front&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-247"><a href="#cite_ref-247">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.armscontrol.org/factsheets/pniglance">"The Presidential Nuclear Initiatives (PNIs) on Tactical Nuclear Weapons at a Glance | Arms Control Association"</a>. armscontrol.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210529221813/https://www.armscontrol.org/factsheets/pniglance">Archived</a> from the original on May 29, 2021. Retrieved June 13, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=armscontrol.org&rft.atitle=The+Presidential+Nuclear+Initiatives+%28PNIs%29+on+Tactical+Nuclear+Weapons+at+a+Glance+%7C+Arms+Control+Association&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.armscontrol.org%2Ffactsheets%2Fpniglance&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-248"><a href="#cite_ref-248">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2020/09/el-salvador-condena-asesinato-sacerdotes-jesuitas/">"Conviction over murder of Jesuit priests must break the chain of impunity"</a>. Amnesty International. September 11, 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210630145412/https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2020/09/el-salvador-condena-asesinato-sacerdotes-jesuitas/">Archived</a> from the original on June 30, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Conviction+over+murder+of+Jesuit+priests+must+break+the+chain+of+impunity&rft.pub=Amnesty+International&rft.date=2020-09-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amnesty.org%2Fen%2Flatest%2Fnews%2F2020%2F09%2Fel-salvador-condena-asesinato-sacerdotes-jesuitas%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-249"><a href="#cite_ref-249">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSilber1991" class="citation news cs1">Silber, Laura (October 2, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1991/10/03/yugoslav-forces-attack-dubrovnik-resort/a2294eab-0269-4953-884c-4eaf1fe17f12/">"Yugoslav Forces Attack Dubrovnik Resort"</a>. The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241122140931/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1991/10/03/yugoslav-forces-attack-dubrovnik-resort/a2294eab-0269-4953-884c-4eaf1fe17f12/">Archived</a> from the original on November 22, 2024. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Yugoslav+Forces+Attack+Dubrovnik+Resort&rft.date=1991-10-02&rft.aulast=Silber&rft.aufirst=Laura&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Fpolitics%2F1991%2F10%2F03%2Fyugoslav-forces-attack-dubrovnik-resort%2Fa2294eab-0269-4953-884c-4eaf1fe17f12%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-250"><a href="#cite_ref-250">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Dubrovnik">"Dubrovnik | Croatia"</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210518184141/https://www.britannica.com/place/Dubrovnik">Archived</a> from the original on May 18, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Dubrovnik+%7C+Croatia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FDubrovnik&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-251"><a href="#cite_ref-251">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/sport/blog/2020/mar/17/my-favourite-game-france-v-england-rugby-world-cup-1991">"My favourite game - France v England Rugby World Cup 1991"</a>. The Guardian. 2020. Retrieved March 16, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=My+favourite+game+-+France+v+England+Rugby+World+Cup+1991&rft.pub=The+Guardian&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fsport%2Fblog%2F2020%2Fmar%2F17%2Fmy-favourite-game-france-v-england-rugby-world-cup-1991&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-252"><a href="#cite_ref-252">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1991/10/20/this-is-about-this-country-s-lack-of-leadership/">"This is about this country's lack of leadership"</a>. Tampa Bay Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211015201301/https://www.tampabay.com/archive/1991/10/20/this-is-about-this-country-s-lack-of-leadership/">Archived</a> from the original on October 15, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Tampa+Bay+Times&rft.atitle=This+is+about+this+country%27s+lack+of+leadership&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tampabay.com%2Farchive%2F1991%2F10%2F20%2Fthis-is-about-this-country-s-lack-of-leadership%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-253"><a href="#cite_ref-253">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLabaton1991" class="citation news cs1">Labaton, Stephen (November 22, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1991/11/22/business/house-leaders-decide-against-vote-on-s-l-bailout-bill.html">"House Leaders Decide Against Vote on S.& L. Bailout Bill"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211029112919/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/11/22/business/house-leaders-decide-against-vote-on-s-l-bailout-bill.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 29, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=House+Leaders+Decide+Against+Vote+on+S.%26+L.+Bailout+Bill&rft.date=1991-11-22&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Labaton&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1991%2F11%2F22%2Fbusiness%2Fhouse-leaders-decide-against-vote-on-s-l-bailout-bill.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-254"><a href="#cite_ref-254">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/prime-ministers-of-sweden-since-world-war-ii.html">"Prime Ministers of Sweden Since World War II"</a>. WorldAtlas. April 25, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210509231758/https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/prime-ministers-of-sweden-since-world-war-ii.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 9, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=WorldAtlas&rft.atitle=Prime+Ministers+of+Sweden+Since+World+War+II&rft.date=2017-04-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldatlas.com%2Farticles%2Fprime-ministers-of-sweden-since-world-war-ii.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-255"><a href="#cite_ref-255">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFClines1991" class="citation news cs1">Clines, Francis X. (October 7, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1991/10/07/world/gorbachev-condemns-anti-semitism-past-and-present.html">"Gorbachev Condemns Anti-Semitism, Past and Present"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211029112055/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/10/07/world/gorbachev-condemns-anti-semitism-past-and-present.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 29, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Gorbachev+Condemns+Anti-Semitism%2C+Past+and+Present&rft.date=1991-10-07&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Clines&rft.aufirst=Francis+X.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1991%2F10%2F07%2Fworld%2Fgorbachev-condemns-anti-semitism-past-and-present.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-256"><a href="#cite_ref-256">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSchodolski1991" class="citation news cs1">Schodolski, Vincent J. (October 7, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1991-10-07-9103310768-story.html">"Gorbachev rues Jewish exodus"</a>. Chicago Tribune. Moscow. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220317015122/https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1991-10-07-9103310768-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 17, 2022. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Gorbachev+rues+Jewish+exodus&rft.date=1991-10-07&rft.aulast=Schodolski&rft.aufirst=Vincent+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagotribune.com%2Fnews%2Fct-xpm-1991-10-07-9103310768-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-257"><a href="#cite_ref-257">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHarden1991" class="citation news cs1">Harden, Blaine (October 7, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1991/10/08/yugoslav-jets-attack-palace-in-zagreb/798a3dd4-738d-4495-b129-2c5de20e615e/">"Yugoslav Jets Attack Palace in Zagreb"</a>. The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241122140934/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1991/10/08/yugoslav-jets-attack-palace-in-zagreb/798a3dd4-738d-4495-b129-2c5de20e615e/">Archived</a> from the original on November 22, 2024. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Yugoslav+Jets+Attack+Palace+in+Zagreb&rft.date=1991-10-07&rft.aulast=Harden&rft.aufirst=Blaine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Fpolitics%2F1991%2F10%2F08%2Fyugoslav-jets-attack-palace-in-zagreb%2F798a3dd4-738d-4495-b129-2c5de20e615e%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-258"><a href="#cite_ref-258">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSakwa2002" class="citation book cs1">Sakwa, Richard (September 11, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WTiCAgAAQBAJ">Russian Politics and Society</a>. Routledge. pp. 91–92. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-58769-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-58769-8"><bdi>978-1-134-58769-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231005160248/https://books.google.com/books?id=WTiCAgAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on October 5, 2023. Retrieved September 10, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Russian+Politics+and+Society&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E91-%3C%2Fspan%3E92&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2002-09-11&rft.isbn=978-1-134-58769-8&rft.aulast=Sakwa&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWTiCAgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-259"><a href="#cite_ref-259">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCarlisle2015" class="citation book cs1">Carlisle, Rodney (March 26, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oXysBwAAQBAJ">Encyclopedia of Intelligence and Counterintelligence</a>. Routledge. p. 368. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-317-47177-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-317-47177-6"><bdi>978-1-317-47177-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207104209/https://books.google.com/books?id=oXysBwAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved September 10, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Intelligence+and+Counterintelligence&rft.pages=368&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2015-03-26&rft.isbn=978-1-317-47177-6&rft.aulast=Carlisle&rft.aufirst=Rodney&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoXysBwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-260"><a href="#cite_ref-260">^</a> Signals Intelligence in the Post-cold War Era p. 24 </li> <li id="cite_note-261"><a href="#cite_ref-261">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/Depts/unscom/Chronology/resolution715.htm">"Security Council Resolution 715"</a>. United Nations. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210411141007/https://www.un.org/Depts/unscom/Chronology/resolution715.htm">Archived</a> from the original on April 11, 2021. Retrieved June 16, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+Nations&rft.atitle=Security+Council+Resolution+715&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2FDepts%2Funscom%2FChronology%2Fresolution715.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-262"><a href="#cite_ref-262">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-16185772">"Kyrgyzstan profile – Timeline"</a>. BBC News. January 11, 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210612174414/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-16185772">Archived</a> from the original on June 12, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Kyrgyzstan+profile+%E2%80%93+Timeline&rft.date=2021-01-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-16185772&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-263"><a href="#cite_ref-263">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNohlenGrotzHartmann2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Dieter_Nohlen" title="Dieter Nohlen">Nohlen, Dieter</a>; Grotz, Florian; Hartmann, Christof, eds. (2001). Elections in Asia and the Pacific: A Data Handbook: Volume 1. Oxford University Press. p. 448. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-924958-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-924958-X"><bdi>0-19-924958-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Elections+in+Asia+and+the+Pacific%3A+A+Data+Handbook%3A+Volume+1&rft.pages=448&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-19-924958-X&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENohlenStöver2010369,_382-264"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENohlenStöver2010369,_382_264-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNohlenStöver2010">Nohlen & Stöver 2010</a>, pp. 369, 382. </li> <li id="cite_note-265"><a href="#cite_ref-265">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFUNHCR" class="citation web cs1">UNHCR. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6a6084.html">"Refworld | Bulgaria. Movements Towards Democratization"</a>. Refworld. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230914132139/https://www.refworld.org/docid/3ae6a6084.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 14, 2023. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Refworld&rft.atitle=Refworld+%7C+Bulgaria.+Movements+Towards+Democratization&rft.au=UNHCR&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.refworld.org%2Fdocid%2F3ae6a6084.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-266"><a href="#cite_ref-266">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=102&session=1&vote=00220">"U.S. Senate Roll Call Votes 102nd Congress – 1st Session"</a>. U.S. Senate. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180407085736/https://www.senate.gov/legislative/LIS/roll_call_lists/roll_call_vote_cfm.cfm?congress=102&session=1&vote=00220">Archived</a> from the original on April 7, 2018. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=U.S.+Senate&rft.atitle=U.S.+Senate+Roll+Call+Votes+102nd+Congress+%E2%80%93+1st+Session&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.senate.gov%2Flegislative%2FLIS%2Froll_call_lists%2Froll_call_vote_cfm.cfm%3Fcongress%3D102%26session%3D1%26vote%3D00220&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-267"><a href="#cite_ref-267">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRosenthal1991" class="citation news cs1">Rosenthal, Andrew (June 28, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1991/06/28/us/marshall-retires-from-high-court-blow-to-liberals.html">"Marshall retires from High Court; blows to Liberals"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210614103615/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/06/28/us/marshall-retires-from-high-court-blow-to-liberals.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 14, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Marshall+retires+from+High+Court%3B+blows+to+Liberals&rft.date=1991-06-28&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Rosenthal&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1991%2F06%2F28%2Fus%2Fmarshall-retires-from-high-court-blow-to-liberals.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-268"><a href="#cite_ref-268">^</a> Mitä Missä Milloin, Kansalaisen vuosikirja 1993, p. 21. Helsinki: <a href="/wiki/Otava_(publisher)" title="Otava (publisher)">Otava</a>, 1992. ISBN 951-1-12269-X. (in Finnish) </li> <li id="cite_note-269"><a href="#cite_ref-269">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFO’Callaghan2023" class="citation journal cs1">O’Callaghan, Jonathan (May 30, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg25834413-100-we-are-finally-closing-in-on-the-cosmic-origins-of-the-omg-particle/">"We are finally closing in on the cosmic origins of the 'OMG particle'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_Scientist" title="New Scientist">New Scientist</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230609005718/https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg25834413-100-we-are-finally-closing-in-on-the-cosmic-origins-of-the-omg-particle/">Archived</a> from the original on June 9, 2023. Retrieved June 8, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Scientist&rft.atitle=We+are+finally+closing+in+on+the+cosmic+origins+of+the+%27OMG+particle%27&rft.date=2023-05-30&rft.aulast=O%E2%80%99Callaghan&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newscientist.com%2Farticle%2Fmg25834413-100-we-are-finally-closing-in-on-the-cosmic-origins-of-the-omg-particle%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-270"><a href="#cite_ref-270">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHaberman1991" class="citation news cs1">Haberman, Clyde (October 19, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1991/10/19/world/israel-and-soviets-restore-full-relations.html">"Israel and Soviets Restore Full Relations"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181028112304/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/10/19/world/israel-and-soviets-restore-full-relations.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 28, 2018. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Israel+and+Soviets+Restore+Full+Relations&rft.date=1991-10-19&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Haberman&rft.aufirst=Clyde&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1991%2F10%2F19%2Fworld%2Fisrael-and-soviets-restore-full-relations.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Harare_Declaration_text-271"><a href="#cite_ref-Harare_Declaration_text_271-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040207030954/http://www.thecommonwealth.org/Templates/Internal.asp?NodeID=34457">"Harare Commonwealth Declaration"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_Secretariat" title="Commonwealth Secretariat">Commonwealth Secretariat</a>. October 20, 1991. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thecommonwealth.org/Templates/Internal.asp?NodeID=34457">the original</a> on February 7, 2004. Retrieved July 25, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Commonwealth+Secretariat&rft.atitle=Harare+Commonwealth+Declaration&rft.date=1991-10-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecommonwealth.org%2FTemplates%2FInternal.asp%3FNodeID%3D34457&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-272"><a href="#cite_ref-272">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebparks.org/about/history/the_oakland_hills_firestorm___forward.htm">"EBRPD – The Oakland Hills Firestorm | Forward"</a>. ebparks.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210516123802/https://www.ebparks.org/about/history/the_oakland_hills_firestorm___forward.htm">Archived</a> from the original on May 16, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ebparks.org&rft.atitle=EBRPD+%E2%80%93+The+Oakland+Hills+Firestorm+%7C+Forward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ebparks.org%2Fabout%2Fhistory%2Fthe_oakland_hills_firestorm___forward.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jain-273"><a href="#cite_ref-Jain_273-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJainSinghGuptaNagar1992" class="citation web cs1">Jain, Sudhir. K.; Singh, Ramesh P.; Gupta, Vinay K.; Nagar, Amit (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nicee.org/eqe-iitk/uploads/EQR_Uttarkashi.pdf">"Garhwal Earthquake of Oct. 20, 1991"</a> (PDF). National Information Centre of Earthquake Engineering. EERI Special Earthquake Report. pp. 1–3. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220520050915/https://www.nicee.org/eqe-iitk/uploads/EQR_Uttarkashi.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on May 20, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Information+Centre+of+Earthquake+Engineering&rft.atitle=Garhwal+Earthquake+of+Oct.+20%2C+1991&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E3&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Jain&rft.aufirst=Sudhir.+K.&rft.au=Singh%2C+Ramesh+P.&rft.au=Gupta%2C+Vinay+K.&rft.au=Nagar%2C+Amit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nicee.org%2Feqe-iitk%2Fuploads%2FEQR_Uttarkashi.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-274"><a href="#cite_ref-274">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBoustanyDiehlPriest1991" class="citation news cs1">Boustany, Nora; Diehl, Jackson; Priest, Dana (October 21, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1991/10/22/hostage-turner-freed-arrives-in-damascus/b6628fa2-38e0-4cf7-a68c-9c8b253c8891/">"Hostage Turner Freed, Arrives in Damascus"</a>. The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241122141047/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1991/10/22/hostage-turner-freed-arrives-in-damascus/b6628fa2-38e0-4cf7-a68c-9c8b253c8891/">Archived</a> from the original on November 22, 2024. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Hostage+Turner+Freed%2C+Arrives+in+Damascus&rft.date=1991-10-21&rft.aulast=Boustany&rft.aufirst=Nora&rft.au=Diehl%2C+Jackson&rft.au=Priest%2C+Dana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Fpolitics%2F1991%2F10%2F22%2Fhostage-turner-freed-arrives-in-damascus%2Fb6628fa2-38e0-4cf7-a68c-9c8b253c8891%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-275"><a href="#cite_ref-275">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHedges1991" class="citation news cs1">Hedges, Chris (October 23, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1991/10/23/world/ex-beirut-hostage-is-in-care-of-us.html">"Ex-Beirut Hostage Is in Care of U.S."</a> The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211029112537/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/10/23/world/ex-beirut-hostage-is-in-care-of-us.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 29, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Ex-Beirut+Hostage+Is+in+Care+of+U.S.&rft.date=1991-10-23&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Hedges&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1991%2F10%2F23%2Fworld%2Fex-beirut-hostage-is-in-care-of-us.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-276"><a href="#cite_ref-276">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Khmer-Rouge">"Khmer Rouge | Facts, Leadership, Genocide, & Death Toll"</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171107033002/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Khmer-Rouge">Archived</a> from the original on November 7, 2017. Retrieved June 13, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Khmer+Rouge+%7C+Facts%2C+Leadership%2C+Genocide%2C+%26+Death+Toll&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Ftopic%2FKhmer-Rouge&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-277"><a href="#cite_ref-277">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://peacekeeping.un.org/sites/default/files/past/untacmandate.html#:~:text=UNITED%20NATIONS%20TRANSITIONAL%20AUTHORITY%20IN,Paris%20on%2023%20October%201991.">"United Nations transitional authority in Cambodia (UNTAC) – Mandate"</a>. United Nations. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211019211537/https://peacekeeping.un.org/sites/default/files/past/untacmandate.html#:~:text=UNITED%20NATIONS%20TRANSITIONAL%20AUTHORITY%20IN,Paris%20on%2023%20October%201991.">Archived</a> from the original on October 19, 2021. Retrieved June 13, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+Nations&rft.atitle=United+Nations+transitional+authority+in+Cambodia+%28UNTAC%29+%E2%80%93+Mandate&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpeacekeeping.un.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fpast%2Funtacmandate.html%23%3A~%3Atext%3DUNITED%2520NATIONS%2520TRANSITIONAL%2520AUTHORITY%2520IN%2CParis%2520on%252023%2520October%25201991.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-278"><a href="#cite_ref-278">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/2255_91.htm">"POLAND : parliamentary elections Sejm, 1991"</a>. archive.ipu.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201101103307/http://archive.ipu.org/parline-e/reports/arc/2255_91.htm">Archived</a> from the original on November 1, 2020. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=archive.ipu.org&rft.atitle=POLAND+%3A+parliamentary+elections+Sejm%2C+1991&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.ipu.org%2Fparline-e%2Freports%2Farc%2F2255_91.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-279"><a href="#cite_ref-279">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ocean.weather.gov/perfectstorm/mpc_ps_intro.php">"The Ocean Prediction Center and 'The Perfect Storm'"</a>. ocean.weather.gov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210613002020/https://ocean.weather.gov/perfectstorm/mpc_ps_intro.php">Archived</a> from the original on June 13, 2021. Retrieved June 13, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ocean.weather.gov&rft.atitle=The+Ocean+Prediction+Center+and+%27The+Perfect+Storm%27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Focean.weather.gov%2Fperfectstorm%2Fmpc_ps_intro.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-280"><a href="#cite_ref-280">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/articles/the-perfect-storm-1991.htm">"The Perfect Storm (1991)"</a>. National Park Service. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210613002021/https://www.nps.gov/articles/the-perfect-storm-1991.htm">Archived</a> from the original on June 13, 2021. Retrieved June 13, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Park+Service&rft.atitle=The+Perfect+Storm+%281991%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Farticles%2Fthe-perfect-storm-1991.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-281"><a href="#cite_ref-281">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/dataset/display.action?id=PSSB-00623">"NASA – NSSDCA – Data Collection – Details"</a>. nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211015201302/https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/dataset/display.action?id=PSSB-00623">Archived</a> from the original on October 15, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov&rft.atitle=NASA+%E2%80%93+NSSDCA+%E2%80%93+Data+Collection+%E2%80%93+Details&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov%2Fnmc%2Fdataset%2Fdisplay.action%3Fid%3DPSSB-00623&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-282"><a href="#cite_ref-282">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/explore/space/spacecraft-exploration-gaspra/">"Spacecraft Exploration of Gaspra"</a>. SpaceNext50 | Encyclopedia Britannica. May 16, 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211015170819/https://www.britannica.com/explore/space/spacecraft-exploration-gaspra/">Archived</a> from the original on October 15, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SpaceNext50+%7C+Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Spacecraft+Exploration+of+Gaspra&rft.date=2019-05-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fexplore%2Fspace%2Fspacecraft-exploration-gaspra%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-283"><a href="#cite_ref-283">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFUS_Department_of_Commerce" class="citation web cs1">US Department of Commerce, NOAA. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.weather.gov/dlh/1991halloweenblizzard">"The Halloween Blizzard of 1991"</a>. weather.gov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210613003527/https://www.weather.gov/dlh/1991halloweenblizzard">Archived</a> from the original on June 13, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=weather.gov&rft.atitle=The+Halloween+Blizzard+of+1991&rft.aulast=US+Department+of+Commerce&rft.aufirst=NOAA&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.weather.gov%2Fdlh%2F1991halloweenblizzard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-284"><a href="#cite_ref-284">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncei.noaa.gov/news/halloween-blizzard-1991">"On This Day: The Halloween Blizzard of 1991"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NCEI" class="mw-redirect" title="NCEI">NCEI</a>. July 30, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210327204140/https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/news/halloween-blizzard-1991">Archived</a> from the original on March 27, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NCEI&rft.atitle=On+This+Day%3A+The+Halloween+Blizzard+of+1991&rft.date=2018-07-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncei.noaa.gov%2Fnews%2Fhalloween-blizzard-1991&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-285"><a href="#cite_ref-285">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWren1991" class="citation news cs1">Wren, Christopher S. (November 5, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1991/11/05/world/strike-by-blacks-paralyzes-south-africa.html">"Strike by Blacks Paralyzes South Africa"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230403204819/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/11/05/world/strike-by-blacks-paralyzes-south-africa.html">Archived</a> from the original on April 3, 2023. Retrieved April 3, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Strike+by+Blacks+Paralyzes+South+Africa&rft.date=1991-11-05&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Wren&rft.aufirst=Christopher+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1991%2F11%2F05%2Fworld%2Fstrike-by-blacks-paralyzes-south-africa.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-286"><a href="#cite_ref-286">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPeterson1992" class="citation web cs1">Peterson, Monte L. (July 1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141015071309/http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a269264.pdf">"Reconnaissance Report: Flooding Resulting From Typhoon Uring in Ormoc City, Leyte Province, The Philippines"</a> (PDF). United States Army Corps of Engineers. pp. 1–49. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a269264.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on October 15, 2014. Retrieved November 6, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Reconnaissance+Report%3A+Flooding+Resulting+From+Typhoon+Uring+in+Ormoc+City%2C+Leyte+Province%2C+The+Philippines&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E49&rft.pub=United+States+Army+Corps+of+Engineers&rft.date=1992-07&rft.aulast=Peterson&rft.aufirst=Monte+L.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fapps.dtic.mil%2Fdtic%2Ftr%2Ffulltext%2Fu2%2Fa269264.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-287"><a href="#cite_ref-287">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWilhelm1991" class="citation news cs1">Wilhelm, Kathy (November 6, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1991/11/06/china-and-vietnam-normalize-relations/8b90e568-cb51-44a3-9a84-90a515e29129/">"China and Vietnam Normalize Relations"</a>. The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241125093247/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1991/11/06/china-and-vietnam-normalize-relations/8b90e568-cb51-44a3-9a84-90a515e29129/">Archived</a> from the original on November 25, 2024. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=China+and+Vietnam+Normalize+Relations&rft.date=1991-11-06&rft.aulast=Wilhelm&rft.aufirst=Kathy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Fpolitics%2F1991%2F11%2F06%2Fchina-and-vietnam-normalize-relations%2F8b90e568-cb51-44a3-9a84-90a515e29129%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-288"><a href="#cite_ref-288">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHolley1991" class="citation web cs1">Holley, David (November 6, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-11-06-mn-954-story.html">"China and Vietnam Normalize Relations"</a>. Los Angeles Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211015202014/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-11-06-mn-954-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 15, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=China+and+Vietnam+Normalize+Relations&rft.date=1991-11-06&rft.aulast=Holley&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1991-11-06-mn-954-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-289"><a href="#cite_ref-289">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://soviethistory.msu.edu/1991-2/the-august-coup/the-august-coup-texts/communist-party-banned/">"Communist Party Banned"</a>. Seventeen Moments in Soviet History. September 1, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220824205800/https://soviethistory.msu.edu/1991-2/the-august-coup/the-august-coup-texts/communist-party-banned/">Archived</a> from the original on August 24, 2022. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Seventeen+Moments+in+Soviet+History&rft.atitle=Communist+Party+Banned&rft.date=2015-09-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsoviethistory.msu.edu%2F1991-2%2Fthe-august-coup%2Fthe-august-coup-texts%2Fcommunist-party-banned%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-290"><a href="#cite_ref-290">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.upi.com/Archives/1991/11/06/Yeltsin-bans-Communist-Party/1265689403600/">"Yeltsin bans Communist Party"</a>. United Press International. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210619153931/https://www.upi.com/Archives/1991/11/06/Yeltsin-bans-Communist-Party/1265689403600/">Archived</a> from the original on June 19, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+Press+International&rft.atitle=Yeltsin+bans+Communist+Party&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.upi.com%2FArchives%2F1991%2F11%2F06%2FYeltsin-bans-Communist-Party%2F1265689403600%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-291"><a href="#cite_ref-291">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFIijima1991" class="citation journal cs1">Iijima, Sumio (November 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nature.com/articles/354056a0">"Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon"</a>. Nature. 354 (6348): 56–58. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1991Natur.354...56I">1991Natur.354...56I</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F354056a0">10.1038/354056a0</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1476-4687">1476-4687</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:4302490">4302490</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170713091406/http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v354/n6348/abs/354056a0.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 13, 2017. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Helical+microtubules+of+graphitic+carbon&rft.volume=354&rft.issue=6348&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E56-%3C%2Fspan%3E58&rft.date=1991-11&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F354056a0&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A4302490%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1476-4687&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1991Natur.354...56I&rft.aulast=Iijima&rft.aufirst=Sumio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nature.com%2Farticles%2F354056a0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-292"><a href="#cite_ref-292">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210728043938/https://www.balzan.org/en/prizewinners/sumio-iijima/the-discovery-of-carbon-nanotubes-iijima">"The Discovery of Carbon Nanotubes – Basle, 22.11.2007"</a>. balzan.org (in Italian). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.balzan.org/en/prizewinners/sumio-iijima/the-discovery-of-carbon-nanotubes-iijima">the original</a> on July 28, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=balzan.org&rft.atitle=The+Discovery+of+Carbon+Nanotubes+%E2%80%93+Basle%2C+22.11.2007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.balzan.org%2Fen%2Fprizewinners%2Fsumio-iijima%2Fthe-discovery-of-carbon-nanotubes-iijima&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-293"><a href="#cite_ref-293">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.onthisday.com/date/1991/november/9">"What Happened on November 9, 1991"</a>. OnThisDay.com. November 9, 1991. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220524033915/https://www.onthisday.com/date/1991/november/9">Archived</a> from the original on May 24, 2022. Retrieved June 7, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=OnThisDay.com&rft.atitle=What+Happened+on+November+9%2C+1991&rft.date=1991-11-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.onthisday.com%2Fdate%2F1991%2Fnovember%2F9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-294"><a href="#cite_ref-294">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fbi.gov/news/stories/new-charges-in-pan-am-flight-103-bombing-122120">"New Charges in Pan Am Flight 103 Bombing"</a>. Federal Bureau of Investigation. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210618053212/https://www.fbi.gov/news/stories/new-charges-in-pan-am-flight-103-bombing-122120">Archived</a> from the original on June 18, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Federal+Bureau+of+Investigation&rft.atitle=New+Charges+in+Pan+Am+Flight+103+Bombing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fbi.gov%2Fnews%2Fstories%2Fnew-charges-in-pan-am-flight-103-bombing-122120&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-295"><a href="#cite_ref-295">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/inatl/longterm/panam103/timeline.htm">"The Bombing of Pan Am Flight 103"</a>. The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210111015103/https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/inatl/longterm/panam103/timeline.htm">Archived</a> from the original on January 11, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=The+Bombing+of+Pan+Am+Flight+103&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fwp-srv%2Finatl%2Flongterm%2Fpanam103%2Ftimeline.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-296"><a href="#cite_ref-296">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOstrowWright1991" class="citation web cs1">Ostrow, Ronald J.; Wright, Robin (November 14, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-11-14-mn-1854-story.html">"2 to Be Charged in Pan Am Bombing : Lockerbie disaster: The Libyans are expected to be indicted today for the 1988 attack on Flight 103 that killed 270. Both reportedly are intelligence operatives"</a>. Los Angeles Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220103100110/https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1991-11-14-mn-1854-story.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 3, 2022. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=2+to+Be+Charged+in+Pan+Am+Bombing+%3A+Lockerbie+disaster%3A+The+Libyans+are+expected+to+be+indicted+today+for+the+1988+attack+on+Flight+103+that+killed+270.+Both+reportedly+are+intelligence+operatives.&rft.date=1991-11-14&rft.aulast=Ostrow&rft.aufirst=Ronald+J.&rft.au=Wright%2C+Robin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1991-11-14-mn-1854-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-297"><a href="#cite_ref-297">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFShenon1991" class="citation news cs1">Shenon, Philip (November 15, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1991/11/15/world/joyous-sihanouk-returns-to-cambodia-from-exile.html">"Joyous Sihanouk Returns to Cambodia From Exile"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131207193138/http://www.nytimes.com/1991/11/15/world/joyous-sihanouk-returns-to-cambodia-from-exile.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2013. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Joyous+Sihanouk+Returns+to+Cambodia+From+Exile&rft.date=1991-11-15&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Shenon&rft.aufirst=Philip&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1991%2F11%2F15%2Fworld%2Fjoyous-sihanouk-returns-to-cambodia-from-exile.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-298"><a href="#cite_ref-298">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFFrankel1991" class="citation news cs1">Frankel, Glenn (November 19, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1991/11/19/hostages-waite-sutherland-freed-in-lebanon/41cb30ca-e2af-4458-811f-0e82eafe267c/">"Hostages Waite, Sutherland Freed in Lebanon"</a>. The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241125094052/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1991/11/19/hostages-waite-sutherland-freed-in-lebanon/41cb30ca-e2af-4458-811f-0e82eafe267c/">Archived</a> from the original on November 25, 2024. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Hostages+Waite%2C+Sutherland+Freed+in+Lebanon&rft.date=1991-11-19&rft.aulast=Frankel&rft.aufirst=Glenn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Fpolitics%2F1991%2F11%2F19%2Fhostages-waite-sutherland-freed-in-lebanon%2F41cb30ca-e2af-4458-811f-0e82eafe267c%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-299"><a href="#cite_ref-299">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130416035603/http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/country,,,,HRV,,513f0f672,0.html">"Witness Seized 'Last Chance' to Escape Vukovar Massacre"</a>. Institute for War and Peace Reporting. March 8, 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unhcr.org/refworld/country,,,,HRV,,513f0f672,0.html">the original</a> on April 16, 2013. Retrieved April 1, 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Witness+Seized+%27Last+Chance%27+to+Escape+Vukovar+Massacre&rft.pub=Institute+for+War+and+Peace+Reporting&rft.date=2013-03-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unhcr.org%2Frefworld%2Fcountry%2C%2C%2C%2CHRV%2C%2C513f0f672%2C0.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kommersant-300"><a href="#cite_ref-Kommersant_300-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGlebov1991" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Glebov, Roman (November 25, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090726121720/http://www.kommersant.ru/doc-rss.aspx?DocsID=1595">"Республики. В Азербайджане сбит вертолет с VIP на борту"</a> [Republics. A helicopter with VIP on board has been shot down in Azerbaijan.] (in Russian). <a href="/wiki/Kommersant" title="Kommersant">Kommersant</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kommersant.ru/doc-rss.aspx?DocsID=1595">the original</a> on July 26, 2009. Retrieved April 14, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8.+%D0%92+%D0%90%D0%B7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5+%D1%81%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%82+%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82+%D1%81+VIP+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%83&rft.date=1991-11-25&rft.aulast=Glebov&rft.aufirst=Roman&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kommersant.ru%2Fdoc-rss.aspx%3FDocsID%3D1595&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Az-301"><a href="#cite_ref-Az_301-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110706130732/http://www.azerbaijanfoundation.az/eng/factsarts/210-17-year-passes-since-mi-8-military.html">"Azerbaijan Association. 17 year passes since "Mi-8" military helicopter was shot in Garakand sky – complete list of the perished people"</a>. November 21, 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.azerbaijanfoundation.az/eng/factsarts/210-17-year-passes-since-mi-8-military.html">the original</a> on July 6, 2011. Retrieved April 14, 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Azerbaijan+Association.+17+year+passes+since+%22Mi-8%22+military+helicopter+was+shot+in+Garakand+sky+%E2%80%93+complete+list+of+the+perished+people&rft.date=2008-11-21&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.azerbaijanfoundation.az%2Feng%2Ffactsarts%2F210-17-year-passes-since-mi-8-military.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-302"><a href="#cite_ref-302">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.un.org/sg/en/content/boutros-boutros-ghali">"Boutros Boutros-Ghali"</a>. United Nations Secretary-General. August 4, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220713103858/https://www.un.org/sg/en/content/boutros-boutros-ghali">Archived</a> from the original on July 13, 2022. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Boutros+Boutros-Ghali&rft.pub=United+Nations+Secretary-General&rft.date=2016-08-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.un.org%2Fsg%2Fen%2Fcontent%2Fboutros-boutros-ghali&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-303"><a href="#cite_ref-303">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marxists.org/history/international/comintern/sections/britain/history.htm">"CPGB: History of the Communist Party of Great Britain"</a>. marxists.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210812173414/https://www.marxists.org/history/international/comintern/sections/britain/history.htm">Archived</a> from the original on August 12, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=marxists.org&rft.atitle=CPGB%3A+History+of+the+Communist+Party+of+Great+Britain&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.marxists.org%2Fhistory%2Finternational%2Fcomintern%2Fsections%2Fbritain%2Fhistory.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-304"><a href="#cite_ref-304">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/uk/1991/nov/25/paulmyers">"Queen star dies after Aids statement"</a>. The Guardian. November 25, 1991. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210308220238/https://www.theguardian.com/uk/1991/nov/25/paulmyers">Archived</a> from the original on March 8, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Queen+star+dies+after+Aids+statement&rft.date=1991-11-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fuk%2F1991%2Fnov%2F25%2Fpaulmyers&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-305"><a href="#cite_ref-305">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1991/11/26/obituaries/eric-carr-41-is-dead-rock-band-s-drummer.html">"Eric Carr, 41, Is Dead; Rock Band's Drummer"</a>. The New York Times. Associated Press. November 26, 1991. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210622165741/https://www.nytimes.com/1991/11/26/obituaries/eric-carr-41-is-dead-rock-band-s-drummer.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 22, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Eric+Carr%2C+41%2C+Is+Dead%3B+Rock+Band%27s+Drummer&rft.date=1991-11-26&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1991%2F11%2F26%2Fobituaries%2Feric-carr-41-is-dead-rock-band-s-drummer.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-306"><a href="#cite_ref-306">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldradiohistory.com/hd2/IDX-Business/Music/Billboard-Index/IDX/1991/1991-12-14-Billboard-Page-0077.pdf#search=%22michael%20jackson%20dangerous%20album%20sales%22">"Michael Jackson"</a> (PDF). worldradiohistory.com. Retrieved March 16, 2025.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=worldradiohistory.com&rft.atitle=Michael+Jackson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldradiohistory.com%2Fhd2%2FIDX-Business%2FMusic%2FBillboard-Index%2FIDX%2F1991%2F1991-12-14-Billboard-Page-0077.pdf%23search%3D%2522michael%2520jackson%2520dangerous%2520album%2520sales%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-307"><a href="#cite_ref-307">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://peacekeeping.un.org/sites/default/files/past/unprof_b.htm#:~:text=The%20United%20Nations%20became%20actively,to%20implement%20immediately%20a%20%22general">"UNPROFOR"</a>. United Nations. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231207103951/https://peacekeeping.un.org/sites/default/files/past/unprof_b.htm#:~:text=The%20United%20Nations%20became%20actively,to%20implement%20immediately%20a%20%22general">Archived</a> from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=UNPROFOR&rft.pub=United+Nations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpeacekeeping.un.org%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fpast%2Funprof_b.htm%23%3A~%3Atext%3DThe%2520United%2520Nations%2520became%2520actively%2Cto%2520implement%2520immediately%2520a%2520%2522general&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-308"><a href="#cite_ref-308">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://soviethistory.msu.edu/1991-2/the-end-of-the-soviet-union/the-end-of-the-soviet-union-texts/ukrainian-independence-declaration/">"Ukrainian Independence Referendum"</a>. Seventeen Moments in Soviet History. September 28, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210628160706/http://soviethistory.msu.edu/1991-2/the-end-of-the-soviet-union/the-end-of-the-soviet-union-texts/ukrainian-independence-declaration/">Archived</a> from the original on June 28, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Seventeen+Moments+in+Soviet+History&rft.atitle=Ukrainian+Independence+Referendum&rft.date=2015-09-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsoviethistory.msu.edu%2F1991-2%2Fthe-end-of-the-soviet-union%2Fthe-end-of-the-soviet-union-texts%2Fukrainian-independence-declaration%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-309"><a href="#cite_ref-309">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAntonov1991" class="citation news cs1">Antonov, Nikola (August 25, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1991/08/25/ukraine-declares-independence-sets-referendum/ee9266e3-dd83-4568-b7e5-40715ca0c77a/">"Ukraine Declares Independence, Sets Referendum"</a>. The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20241125094324/https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/1991/08/25/ukraine-declares-independence-sets-referendum/ee9266e3-dd83-4568-b7e5-40715ca0c77a/">Archived</a> from the original on November 25, 2024. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Ukraine+Declares+Independence%2C+Sets+Referendum&rft.date=1991-08-25&rft.aulast=Antonov&rft.aufirst=Nikola&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Farchive%2Fpolitics%2F1991%2F08%2F25%2Fukraine-declares-independence-sets-referendum%2Fee9266e3-dd83-4568-b7e5-40715ca0c77a%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-310"><a href="#cite_ref-310">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHedges1991" class="citation news cs1">Hedges, Chris (December 5, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/05/world/the-last-us-hostage-anderson-last-us-hostage-is-freed-by-captors-in-beirut.html">"The Last U.S. Hostage; Anderson, Last U.S. Hostage, Is Freed By Captors In Beirut"</a>. The New York Times. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Last+U.S.+Hostage%3B+Anderson%2C+Last+U.S.+Hostage%2C+Is+Freed+By+Captors+In+Beirut&rft.date=1991-12-05&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Hedges&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1991%2F12%2F05%2Fworld%2Fthe-last-us-hostage-anderson-last-us-hostage-is-freed-by-captors-in-beirut.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-311"><a href="#cite_ref-311">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.voanews.com/usa/day-history-journalist-terry-anderson-abducted-beirut">"This Day in History: Journalist Terry Anderson Abducted in Beirut | Voice of America – English"</a>. Voice of America. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=This+Day+in+History%3A+Journalist+Terry+Anderson+Abducted+in+Beirut+%7C+Voice+of+America+%E2%80%93+English&rft.pub=Voice+of+America&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.voanews.com%2Fusa%2Fday-history-journalist-terry-anderson-abducted-beirut&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-312"><a href="#cite_ref-312">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/20/us/arson-investigator-novelist-is-charged-with-setting-fires.html">"Arson Investigator-Novelist Is Charged With Setting Fires"</a>. The New York Times. Associated Press. December 20, 1991. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Arson+Investigator-Novelist+Is+Charged+With+Setting+Fires&rft.date=1991-12-20&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1991%2F12%2F20%2Fus%2Farson-investigator-novelist-is-charged-with-setting-fires.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-313"><a href="#cite_ref-313">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.prlib.ru/en/history/619792">"The Belavezha Accords signed"</a>. Presidential Library. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Presidential+Library&rft.atitle=The+Belavezha+Accords+signed&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.prlib.ru%2Fen%2Fhistory%2F619792&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-314"><a href="#cite_ref-314">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ntrl.ntis.gov/NTRL/dashboard/searchResults/titleDetail/PB2003101228.xhtml">"Belovezha Accords and Beyond: Delineating the Russian State. | National Technical Reports Library – NTIS"</a>. ntrl.ntis.gov. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ntrl.ntis.gov&rft.atitle=Belovezha+Accords+and+Beyond%3A+Delineating+the+Russian+State.+%7C+National+Technical+Reports+Library+%E2%80%93+NTIS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fntrl.ntis.gov%2FNTRL%2Fdashboard%2FsearchResults%2FtitleDetail%2FPB2003101228.xhtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-315"><a href="#cite_ref-315">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-11689153">"Serb leader Tadic apologises for 1991 Vukovar massacre"</a>. BBC News. November 4, 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221101201624/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-11689153">Archived</a> from the original on November 1, 2022. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Serb+leader+Tadic+apologises+for+1991+Vukovar+massacre&rft.date=2010-11-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-11689153&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-316"><a href="#cite_ref-316">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBraimah2014" class="citation web cs1">Braimah, Ayodale (August 11, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.blackpast.org/global-african-history/abuja-nigeria-1991/">"Abuja, Nigeria (1991– ) •"</a>. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Abuja%2C+Nigeria+%281991%E2%80%93+%29+%E2%80%A2&rft.date=2014-08-11&rft.aulast=Braimah&rft.aufirst=Ayodale&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.blackpast.org%2Fglobal-african-history%2Fabuja-nigeria-1991%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-317"><a href="#cite_ref-317">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-31877909">"Eight countries that moved their capitals"</a>. BBC News. March 14, 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240601185603/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-31877909">Archived</a> from the original on June 1, 2024. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Eight+countries+that+moved+their+capitals&rft.date=2015-03-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-31877909&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ILGA_2008-318"><a href="#cite_ref-ILGA_2008_318-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOttosson2008" class="citation web cs1">Ottosson, Daniel (May 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090306021141/http://www.ilga.org/statehomophobia/ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2008.pdf">"State-sponsored Homophobia: A world survey of laws prohibiting same sex activity between consenting adults"</a> (PDF). International Lesbian and Gay Association (ILGA). p. 45. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ilga.org/statehomophobia/ILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2008.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on March 6, 2009. Retrieved May 5, 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=State-sponsored+Homophobia%3A+A+world+survey+of+laws+prohibiting+same+sex+activity+between+consenting+adults&rft.pages=45&rft.pub=International+Lesbian+and+Gay+Association+%28ILGA%29&rft.date=2008-05&rft.aulast=Ottosson&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ilga.org%2Fstatehomophobia%2FILGA_State_Sponsored_Homophobia_2008.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-319"><a href="#cite_ref-319">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apnews.com/article/5de9fc002bf566c54c73968db68bd98b">"Survivors of Ferry Disaster in Red Sea Tell of Terror at Sea"</a>. Associated Press News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210103042233/https://apnews.com/article/5de9fc002bf566c54c73968db68bd98b">Archived</a> from the original on January 3, 2021. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Associated+Press+News&rft.atitle=Survivors+of+Ferry+Disaster+in+Red+Sea+Tell+of+Terror+at+Sea&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapnews.com%2Farticle%2F5de9fc002bf566c54c73968db68bd98b&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-320"><a href="#cite_ref-320">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/18/world/divers-recover-bodies-of-captain-and-others-from-egyptian-ferry.html">"Divers Recover Bodies of Captain And Others From Egyptian Ferry"</a>. The New York Times. Associated Press. December 18, 1991. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Divers+Recover+Bodies+of+Captain+And+Others+From+Egyptian+Ferry&rft.date=1991-12-18&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1991%2F12%2F18%2Fworld%2Fdivers-recover-bodies-of-captain-and-others-from-egyptian-ferry.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-321"><a href="#cite_ref-321">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mfa.gov.il/mfa/foreignpolicy/mfadocuments/yearbook8/pages/260%20general%20assembly%20resolution%2046-86-%20revocation.aspx">"General Assembly Resolution 46/86, Revocation of Resolution 3379"</a>. mfa.gov.il. December 16, 1991. Retrieved June 17, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mfa.gov.il&rft.atitle=General+Assembly+Resolution+46%2F86%2C+Revocation+of+Resolution+3379&rft.date=1991-12-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmfa.gov.il%2Fmfa%2Fforeignpolicy%2Fmfadocuments%2Fyearbook8%2Fpages%2F260%2520general%2520assembly%2520resolution%252046-86-%2520revocation.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-322"><a href="#cite_ref-322">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWest2011" class="citation news cs1">West, William (December 19, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.abc.net.au/news/2011-12-19/o27reilly-recollections-hawke-keating-challenges/3738542">"Hawke and Keating: a masterclass in political killing"</a>. Australia: ABC News.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Hawke+and+Keating%3A+a+masterclass+in+political+killing&rft.date=2011-12-19&rft.aulast=West&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.abc.net.au%2Fnews%2F2011-12-19%2Fo27reilly-recollections-hawke-keating-challenges%2F3738542&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-323"><a href="#cite_ref-323">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFĐerek2015" class="citation thesis cs1">Đerek, Andrea (July 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://estudogeral.sib.uc.pt/handle/10316/97110">Discrete optimum design of cable-stayed bridges</a> (masterThesis thesis). 00500::Universidade de Coimbra.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Discrete+optimum+design+of+cable-stayed+bridges&rft.degree=masterThesis&rft.inst=00500%3A%3AUniversidade+de+Coimbra&rft.date=2015-07&rft.aulast=%C4%90erek&rft.aufirst=Andrea&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Festudogeral.sib.uc.pt%2Fhandle%2F10316%2F97110&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-324"><a href="#cite_ref-324">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nato.int/docu/update/1991/summarye.htm">"NATO Update – Summary 1991"</a>. nato.int. Retrieved July 24, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nato.int&rft.atitle=NATO+Update+%E2%80%93+Summary+1991&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nato.int%2Fdocu%2Fupdate%2F1991%2Fsummarye.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-325"><a href="#cite_ref-325">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rferl.org/a/georgia-civil-war-slider-gallery-then-now/31617821.html">"The Tbilisi War: Then And Now"</a>. RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. Retrieved November 9, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=RadioFreeEurope%2FRadioLiberty&rft.atitle=The+Tbilisi+War%3A+Then+And+Now&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rferl.org%2Fa%2Fgeorgia-civil-war-slider-gallery-then-now%2F31617821.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-326"><a href="#cite_ref-326">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221109183532/https://ask.un.org/faq/378083">"Where can I find the letters of 24 December 1991 regarding the continuation of the membership of the USSR by the Russian Federation? – Ask DAG!"</a>. United Nations. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ask.un.org/faq/378083">the original</a> on November 9, 2022. Retrieved November 9, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Where+can+I+find+the+letters+of+24+December+1991+regarding+the+continuation+of+the+membership+of+the+USSR+by+the+Russian+Federation%3F+%E2%80%93+Ask+DAG%21&rft.pub=United+Nations&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fask.un.org%2Ffaq%2F378083&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-327"><a href="#cite_ref-327">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-38289333">"Mikhail Gorbachev: The man who lost an empire"</a>. BBC News. December 13, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230213142323/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-38289333">Archived</a> from the original on February 13, 2023. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Mikhail+Gorbachev%3A+The+man+who+lost+an+empire&rft.date=2016-12-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-38289333&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-328"><a href="#cite_ref-328">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Mikhail-Gorbachev">"Mikhail Gorbachev | Biography, Facts, Cold War, & Significance"</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Mikhail+Gorbachev+%7C+Biography%2C+Facts%2C+Cold+War%2C+%26+Significance&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FMikhail-Gorbachev&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-329"><a href="#cite_ref-329">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/russia/">"Russia – The World Factbook"</a>. Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Russia+%E2%80%93+The+World+Factbook&rft.pub=Central+Intelligence+Agency&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Frussia%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-330"><a href="#cite_ref-330">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/event/the-collapse-of-the-Soviet-Union">"collapse of the Soviet Union | Causes, Facts, Events, & Effects"</a>. Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.atitle=collapse+of+the+Soviet+Union+%7C+Causes%2C+Facts%2C+Events%2C+%26+Effects&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fevent%2Fthe-collapse-of-the-Soviet-Union&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-331"><a href="#cite_ref-331">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1991/12/26/world/end-of-the-soviet-union-gorbachev-s-six-tumultuous-years-at-soviet-helm.html">"End of the Soviet Union; Gorbachev's Six Tumultuous Years at Soviet Helm"</a>. The New York Times. December 26, 1991. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. Retrieved June 12, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=End+of+the+Soviet+Union%3B+Gorbachev%27s+Six+Tumultuous+Years+at+Soviet+Helm&rft.date=1991-12-26&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1991%2F12%2F26%2Fworld%2Fend-of-the-soviet-union-gorbachev-s-six-tumultuous-years-at-soviet-helm.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1991" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:EC1835_C_cut.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/EC1835_C_cut.jpg/40px-EC1835_C_cut.jpg" decoding="async" width="24" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/EC1835_C_cut.jpg/60px-EC1835_C_cut.jpg 2x" data-file-width="506" data-file-height="600" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:1990s" title="Portal:1990s">1990s portal</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Events_by_month145" style="width:40em;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Events_by_month_links" title="Template:Events by month links"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Events_by_month_links" title="Template talk:Events by month links"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Events_by_month_links" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Events by month links"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Events_by_month145" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Events by month</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1995" title="1995">1995</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1995" class="mw-redirect" title="January 1995">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1995" class="mw-redirect" title="February 1995">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1995" class="mw-redirect" title="March 1995">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1995" class="mw-redirect" title="April 1995">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1995" class="mw-redirect" title="May 1995">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1995" class="mw-redirect" title="June 1995">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1995" class="mw-redirect" title="July 1995">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1995" class="mw-redirect" title="August 1995">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1995" class="mw-redirect" title="September 1995">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1995" class="mw-redirect" title="October 1995">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1995" class="mw-redirect" title="November 1995">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1995" class="mw-redirect" title="December 1995">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1994" title="1994">1994</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1994" class="mw-redirect" title="January 1994">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1994" class="mw-redirect" title="February 1994">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1994" class="mw-redirect" title="March 1994">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1994" class="mw-redirect" title="April 1994">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1994" class="mw-redirect" title="May 1994">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1994" class="mw-redirect" title="June 1994">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1994" class="mw-redirect" title="July 1994">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1994" class="mw-redirect" title="August 1994">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1994" class="mw-redirect" title="September 1994">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1994" class="mw-redirect" title="October 1994">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1994" class="mw-redirect" title="November 1994">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1994" class="mw-redirect" title="December 1994">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1993" title="1993">1993</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1993" class="mw-redirect" title="January 1993">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1993" class="mw-redirect" title="February 1993">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1993" class="mw-redirect" title="March 1993">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1993" class="mw-redirect" title="April 1993">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1993" class="mw-redirect" title="May 1993">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1993" class="mw-redirect" title="June 1993">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1993" class="mw-redirect" title="July 1993">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1993" class="mw-redirect" title="August 1993">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1993" class="mw-redirect" title="September 1993">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1993" class="mw-redirect" title="October 1993">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1993" title="November 1993">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1993" title="December 1993">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1992" title="1992">1992</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1992" class="mw-redirect" title="January 1992">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1992" class="mw-redirect" title="February 1992">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1992" class="mw-redirect" title="March 1992">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1992" class="mw-redirect" title="April 1992">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1992" class="mw-redirect" title="May 1992">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1992" class="mw-redirect" title="June 1992">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1992" class="mw-redirect" title="July 1992">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1992" class="mw-redirect" title="August 1992">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1992" class="mw-redirect" title="September 1992">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1992" class="mw-redirect" title="October 1992">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1992" class="mw-redirect" title="November 1992">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1992" class="mw-redirect" title="December 1992">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1991</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1991" class="mw-redirect" title="January 1991">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1991" class="mw-redirect" title="February 1991">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1991" class="mw-redirect" title="March 1991">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1991" class="mw-redirect" title="April 1991">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1991" class="mw-redirect" title="May 1991">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1991" class="mw-redirect" title="June 1991">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1991" class="mw-redirect" title="July 1991">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1991" class="mw-redirect" title="August 1991">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1991" class="mw-redirect" title="September 1991">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1991" class="mw-redirect" title="October 1991">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1991" class="mw-redirect" title="November 1991">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1991" class="mw-redirect" title="December 1991">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1990" title="1990">1990</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1990" class="mw-redirect" title="January 1990">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1990" class="mw-redirect" title="February 1990">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1990" class="mw-redirect" title="March 1990">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1990" class="mw-redirect" title="April 1990">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1990" class="mw-redirect" title="May 1990">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1990" class="mw-redirect" title="June 1990">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1990" class="mw-redirect" title="July 1990">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1990" class="mw-redirect" title="August 1990">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1990" class="mw-redirect" title="September 1990">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1990" class="mw-redirect" title="October 1990">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1990" class="mw-redirect" title="November 1990">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1990" class="mw-redirect" title="December 1990">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1989" title="1989">1989</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1989" class="mw-redirect" title="January 1989">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1989" class="mw-redirect" title="February 1989">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1989" class="mw-redirect" title="March 1989">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1989" class="mw-redirect" title="April 1989">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1989" class="mw-redirect" title="May 1989">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1989" title="June 1989">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1989" class="mw-redirect" title="July 1989">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1989" class="mw-redirect" title="August 1989">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1989" class="mw-redirect" title="September 1989">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1989" class="mw-redirect" title="October 1989">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1989" class="mw-redirect" title="November 1989">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1989" class="mw-redirect" title="December 1989">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1988" title="1988">1988</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1988" class="mw-redirect" title="January 1988">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1988" class="mw-redirect" title="February 1988">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1988" class="mw-redirect" title="March 1988">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1988" class="mw-redirect" title="April 1988">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1988" class="mw-redirect" title="May 1988">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1988" class="mw-redirect" title="June 1988">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1988" class="mw-redirect" title="July 1988">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1988" class="mw-redirect" title="August 1988">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1988" class="mw-redirect" title="September 1988">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1988" class="mw-redirect" title="October 1988">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1988" class="mw-redirect" title="November 1988">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1988" title="December 1988">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1987" title="1987">1987</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1987" class="mw-redirect" title="January 1987">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1987" class="mw-redirect" title="February 1987">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1987" class="mw-redirect" title="March 1987">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1987" class="mw-redirect" title="April 1987">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1987" class="mw-redirect" title="May 1987">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1987" class="mw-redirect" title="June 1987">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1987" class="mw-redirect" title="July 1987">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1987" class="mw-redirect" title="August 1987">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1987" class="mw-redirect" title="September 1987">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1987" class="mw-redirect" title="October 1987">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1987" class="mw-redirect" title="November 1987">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1987" class="mw-redirect" title="December 1987">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/1986" title="1986">1986</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/January_1986" class="mw-redirect" title="January 1986">Jan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/February_1986" class="mw-redirect" title="February 1986">Feb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_1986" class="mw-redirect" title="March 1986">Mar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/April_1986" class="mw-redirect" title="April 1986">Apr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/May_1986" class="mw-redirect" title="May 1986">May</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/June_1986" class="mw-redirect" title="June 1986">Jun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/July_1986" class="mw-redirect" title="July 1986">Jul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_1986" class="mw-redirect" title="August 1986">Aug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/September_1986" class="mw-redirect" title="September 1986">Sep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/October_1986" class="mw-redirect" title="October 1986">Oct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/November_1986" class="mw-redirect" title="November 1986">Nov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/December_1986" class="mw-redirect" title="December 1986">Dec</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox638" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2062#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh92004649">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ch969050&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007532194605171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1991&oldid=1281498210">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1991&oldid=1281498210</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1991" title="Category:1991">1991</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Italian-language_sources_(it)" title="Category:CS1 Italian-language sources (it)">CS1 Italian-language sources (it)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_December_2024" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from December 2024">Articles with dead external links from December 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_permanently_dead_external_links" title="Category:Articles with permanently dead external links">Articles with permanently dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Russian-language_sources_(ru)" title="Category:CS1 Russian-language sources (ru)">CS1 Russian-language sources (ru)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_pending_changes_protected_pages" title="Category:Wikipedia pending changes protected pages">Wikipedia pending changes protected pages</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_mdy_dates_from_November_2024" title="Category:Use mdy dates from November 2024">Use mdy dates from November 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_multiple_image_with_auto_scaled_images" title="Category:Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images">Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Latin-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Latin-language text">Articles containing Latin-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_June_2021" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from June 2021">Articles with unsourced statements from June 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_using_mb_magnitude_scale" title="Category:Articles using mb magnitude scale">Articles using mb magnitude scale</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_using_Mw_magnitude_scale" title="Category:Articles using Mw magnitude scale">Articles using Mw magnitude scale</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_November_2024" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from November 2024">Articles with unsourced statements from November 2024</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 20 March 2025, at 18:58 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1991&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" lang="en" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"> Search </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" >1991</div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"> 203 languages </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"> Add topic </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.eqiad.main-58c4b96c94-qbxw8","wgBackendResponseTime":517,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"3.280","walltime":"3.780","ppvisitednodes":{"value":24016,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":745514,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":10109,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":22,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":228,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":1218644,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 3295.635 1 -total"," 52.91% 1743.861 1 Template:Reflist"," 21.95% 723.501 178 Template:Cite_web"," 18.21% 600.130 103 Template:Cite_news"," 8.32% 274.129 1 Template:C20_year_in_topic"," 6.77% 223.150 2 Template:Sfn"," 5.93% 195.514 2 Template:Sidebar"," 5.86% 193.235 1 Template:Year_nav"," 5.20% 171.247 1 Template:Events_by_month_links"," 5.13% 168.982 1 Template:Events_by_month_links/box"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"2.102","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":22008818,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREF32nd_19911991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAirways2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAndrew_Glass2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAndrews1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAntonov1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFArafievRogozhin_E.A.Bykova_V.V.Dorbath_C.2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFArghire2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAtkinsonBalz1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBaker2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBearak1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBeaubien2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBehar1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBenson2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBethlehemWeller1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBinder1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBoustany1991\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFBoustanyDiehlPriest1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBraimah2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrooke1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrubaker1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCameron2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCanada1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCarlisle2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCarpenter1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChandler1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFClines1991\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFCrossette1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCushman1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCvetkovski\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDahlburgMarshall1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDeckelman1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDrozdiak1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDye1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEaton1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEddings1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEspenak1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFeldman1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFetterLewisGronlund1993\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFilatochevBradshaw1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFisher1991\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFFisk2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFitzgerald2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrankel1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFriedman1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFritzBates1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFritzEaton1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFusani1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGlebov1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoldmanKempster1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGreenhouse1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGross1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGruson1990\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHaberman1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarden1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHazarika1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHedges1991\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFHoffmanDrozdiak1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHolley1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHoney1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHoppe1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHudson1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIijima1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIstván_GyarmatiTheodor_Winkler2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJacinto2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJainSinghGuptaNagar1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJay_LevinsonHayim_Granot2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohnston1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJones1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJordanBrown1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJoshi1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKeller1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKifner1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKing1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKnutson1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKraft1991\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFKrauss1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLabaton1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLambeth2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLewis1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLieven1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLohr1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcManus1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMontgomery1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMoïse\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMydans1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNational_Geophysical_Data_Center_/_World_Data_Service_(NGDC/WDS):_NCEI/WDS_Global_Significant_Earthquake_Database._NOAA_National_Centers_for_Environmental_Information1972\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNations\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNikoleishvili\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNoble1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNohlen2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNohlenGrotzHartmann2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNohlenStöver2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNorris1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOstrowWright1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOttosson2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO’Callaghan2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPace1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPaddockDizon1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPaltrow1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPappas2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFParks1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPaul_G._LewisProfessor_Paul_Lewis2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPeirce2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPeterson1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPotier2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRapp1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRiding1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRomero2010\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRosenthal1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRostker2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRowley1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSakwa2002\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSanchez2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchmemann1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchmidt1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchodolski1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShenon1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShepherd1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSilber1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSpector2005\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStanley1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSudetic1991\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFSummers2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTaylor\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTempest1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThompson2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThorson1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTracevskis2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUNHCR\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUS_Department_of_Commerce\"] = 4,\n [\"CITEREFUnited_Nations._Dept._of_Public_Information1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUnited_States._Central_Intelligence_Agency1989\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUnited_States._National_Transportation_Safety_Board1995\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUnrepresented_Nations_and_Peoples_Organization1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFValentine2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVarisco2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWald1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWallace1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeisman1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWest2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWhitaker1994\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWhitney1991\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFWilford1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilhelm1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWines1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWoodbury2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWorld_Book,_IncWorld_Book_Encyclopedia1992\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWren1991\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFWright1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFde_la_RosaCrawfordFranz2004\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFĐerek2015\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 36,\n [\"About year\"] = 1,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"C20 year in topic\"] = 1,\n [\"Cbignore\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 29,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 13,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 103,\n [\"Cite thesis\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 178,\n [\"Cn\"] = 1,\n [\"Convert\"] = 1,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:1991\"] = 1,\n [\"Dead link\"] = 3,\n [\"Events by month\"] = 1,\n [\"Events by month links\"] = 1,\n [\"M\"] = 3,\n [\"Main\"] = 1,\n [\"Multiple image\"] = 1,\n [\"Portal\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp-pc\"] = 1,\n [\"Redirect\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 2,\n [\"Ship\"] = 1,\n [\"TOC limit\"] = 1,\n [\"Use mdy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Year article header\"] = 1,\n [\"Year nav\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","340","15.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","240","10.9"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","200","9.1"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gsub","180","8.2"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","140","6.4"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::find","120","5.5"],["\u003Cmw.title.lua:50\u003E","100","4.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","80","3.6"],["(for generator)","60","2.7"],["\u003Cmw.lua:694\u003E","60","2.7"],["[others]","680","30.9"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-6d78b94fdf-b52qs","timestamp":"20250320215653","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"1991","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1991","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q2062","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q2062","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2001-10-02T22:27:01Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/6\/6a\/Serb_T-55_Battle_of_the_Barracks.JPG","headline":"year"}</script> </body> </html>