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{"work":{"id":52659120,"created_at":"2021-09-17T11:47:51.167-07:00","from_world_paper_id":173303699,"updated_at":"2025-01-13T10:50:43.920-08:00","_data":{"publisher":"digitalcommons.mcmaster.ca","ai_abstract":"The study explores the evolution of the novel in eighteenth-century England, focusing on the interrelationship between personal narrative and broader ideological discourse, particularly through the works of Defoe. It critiques recent trends in novel studies that adopt a neutral cultural perspective, arguing instead for the significance of moral and intellectual values in understanding the genre's development. 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const worksViewsPath = "/v0/works/views?subdomain_param=api&work_ids%5B%5D=52659120"; const getWorkViews = async (workId) => { const response = await fetch(worksViewsPath); if (!response.ok) { throw new Error('Failed to load work views'); } const data = await response.json(); return data.views[workId]; }; // Get the view count for the work - we send this immediately rather than waiting for // the DOM to load, so it can be available as soon as possible (but without holding up // the backend or other resource requests, because it's a bit expensive and not critical). const viewCount = await getWorkViews(workId); const updateViewCount = (viewCount) => { try { const viewCountNumber = parseInt(viewCount, 10); if (viewCountNumber === 0) { // Remove the whole views element if there are zero views. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); return; } const commaizedViewCount = viewCountNumber.toLocaleString(); const viewCountBody = document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count'); if (!viewCountBody) { throw new Error('Failed to find work views element'); } viewCountBody.textContent = `${commaizedViewCount} views`; } catch (error) { // Remove the whole views element if there was some issue parsing. document.getElementById('work-metadata-view-count')?.parentNode?.remove(); throw new Error(`Failed to parse view count: ${viewCount}`, error); } }; // If the DOM is still loading, wait for it to be ready before updating the view count. if (document.readyState === "loading") { document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => { updateViewCount(viewCount); }); // Otherwise, just update it immediately. } else { updateViewCount(viewCount); } })();</script></div><p class="ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">AI-generated Abstract</p><p class="ds-work-card--work-abstract ds-work-card--detail ds2-5-body-md">The study explores the evolution of the novel in eighteenth-century England, focusing on the interrelationship between personal narrative and broader ideological discourse, particularly through the works of Defoe. It critiques recent trends in novel studies that adopt a neutral cultural perspective, arguing instead for the significance of moral and intellectual values in understanding the genre's development. 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Novak. Newark: University of Delaware Press, 2015. Pp. x+238</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="306555167" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GSill">Geoffrey Sill</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Modern Philology, 2016</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This volume brings together eleven essays on Robinson Crusoe published by Maximillian E. Novak in journals and colloquia between 1996 and 2012. Each essay explores a different way of raising the vexed question of the nature of Defoe's "realism"-the distinguishing quality of his fiction that many readers have experienced, but few can convincingly define. In an introductory essay that provides a retrospective of his career, Novak recalls his arrival at Oxford in the mid-1950s to begin his graduate studies. He was drawn to work on Defoe in two ways: he wanted to understand "Defoe's world and the ways in which he saw the problems of his time" and also "the methods by which Defoe succeeded in creating a sense of the real" (2). The first of these interests led to Novak's groundbreaking works of historical criticism, Economics and the Fiction of Daniel Defoe (1962) and Defoe and the Nature of Man (1963); the second led to Realism, Myth and History in Defoe's Fiction (1983) and to the essays in the volume under review. For Novak, each of these questions is answered in terms of the other: that is, what is real about Defoe's fiction is that it is set firmly in a historical context, while the historicity is subordinated to an enlivening personal consciousness. Defoe's fictional histories use "a variety of devices for evoking the real through awakening the imagination of the reader, asking him/her to see what was not fully in the text" (5). It is the variety of Defoe's devices for stimulating the reader's imagination that Novak explores through these essays. One device that Defoe adapted from the visual arts is the representation of ordinary objects and persons in paintings. In an early essay on the novel, Sir Walter Scott noted the influence on Defoe of the Dutch and Flemish realist painters of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, who represented</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Transformations, Ideology, and the Real in Defoe’s Robinson Crusoe and Other Fictions: Finding “The Thing Itself.” Maximillian E. Novak. Newark: University of Delaware Press, 2015. Pp. x+238","attachmentId":118496959,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/124231766/Transformations_Ideology_and_the_Real_in_Defoe_s_Robinson_Crusoe_and_Other_Fictions_Finding_The_Thing_Itself_Maximillian_E_Novak_Newark_University_of_Delaware_Press_2015_Pp_x_238","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/124231766/Transformations_Ideology_and_the_Real_in_Defoe_s_Robinson_Crusoe_and_Other_Fictions_Finding_The_Thing_Itself_Maximillian_E_Novak_Newark_University_of_Delaware_Press_2015_Pp_x_238"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="2175915" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2175915/Robinson_Crusoe_as_Defoes_Theory_of_Fiction">Robinson Crusoe as Defoe's Theory of Fiction</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="2795312" href="https://easternmennonite.academia.edu/KevinSeidel">Kevin Seidel</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Novel, 2011</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Robinson Crusoe as Defoe's Theory of Fiction","attachmentId":31972713,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/2175915/Robinson_Crusoe_as_Defoes_Theory_of_Fiction","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/2175915/Robinson_Crusoe_as_Defoes_Theory_of_Fiction"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="88251816" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/88251816/Narrative_Contraries_as_Signs_in_Defoes_Fiction">Narrative Contraries as Signs in Defoe's Fiction</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="216837109" href="https://independent.academia.edu/RobertMerrett1">Robert Merrett</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Eighteenth-Century Fiction, 1989</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The one eighteenth-century novelist literary history has always associated with realism is Daniel Defoe. Since Sir Walter Scott's time, the episodic nature of Defoe's stories, his colloquial language, and his secular interest in mundane detail have been viewed as a major contribution to narrative realism. Recent studies, variously qualifying this orthodoxy, have yielded a wider sense of his contribution; having stressed the ideological integrity of his fiction, they have also shown that, by the standards of aesthetic formalism, it possesses conscious artistry, and have traced its authenticity to mythic, political, and personal strategies. In this essay, in response to current interest in narrative theory, I will further question the appropriateness of taking realism as an explanation of Defoe's narrative achievement. that Defoe was preoccupied with "suaightfonvard and unrelieved verisimilitude." p. 18; John 1. Richetti, Defoe's Nnrrativer and Structures (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1975). properly regards Defw as embodying in his narratives an intelligent sense of 'tomplex reality" which fuses "observed fact" and "extravagant fantasy:' pp. 6 and 18; and Maximillian E. Novak, Realism,</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Narrative Contraries as Signs in Defoe's Fiction","attachmentId":92258807,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/88251816/Narrative_Contraries_as_Signs_in_Defoes_Fiction","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/88251816/Narrative_Contraries_as_Signs_in_Defoes_Fiction"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="26400328" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/26400328/_Review_of_Topographies_of_the_Imagination_New_Approaches_to_Daniel_Defoe_ed_Ellison_Kincade_Nelson_Review_of_English_Studies_66_274_2015_382_384_pdf">"Review of Topographies of the Imagination: New Approaches to Daniel Defoe, ed. Ellison, Kincade, Nelson" Review of English Studies 66 (274) (2015): 382-384.pdf</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="48948499" href="https://keele.academia.edu/NicholasSeager">Nicholas Seager</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"\"Review of Topographies of the Imagination: New Approaches to Daniel Defoe, ed. Ellison, Kincade, Nelson\" Review of English Studies 66 (274) (2015): 382-384.pdf","attachmentId":46700634,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/26400328/_Review_of_Topographies_of_the_Imagination_New_Approaches_to_Daniel_Defoe_ed_Ellison_Kincade_Nelson_Review_of_English_Studies_66_274_2015_382_384_pdf","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/26400328/_Review_of_Topographies_of_the_Imagination_New_Approaches_to_Daniel_Defoe_ed_Ellison_Kincade_Nelson_Review_of_English_Studies_66_274_2015_382_384_pdf"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="47871055" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/47871055/DANIEL_DEFOES_ROBINSON_CRUSOE_AS_A_REALIST_TEXT_A_NEW_HISTORICISM_AND_READER_RESPONSE_INTERPRETATION">DANIEL DEFOE'S ROBINSON CRUSOE AS A REALIST TEXT: A NEW- HISTORICISM AND READER-RESPONSE INTERPRETATION</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="25640333" href="https://unilag.academia.edu/NnadubeEjiogu">Nnadube J O N A T H A N Ejiogu</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">International Journal of English and Studies, 2021</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Although New-Historicism and Reader-response literary theories suggest different attempts in the generation of meaning, in fact, they exist in separate domains. However, the connection between them is a matter of the existence of a text. Without doubt, on the most basic and cursory level, New Historicism is aimed at decoding the manner and culture prevalent in a particular time of history as encoded in the text while Reader-response firmly comes from the strength that a work of art cannot generate meaning for itself without the reader. From this measure of understanding, the clarity in the amalgamation possibility becomes clear. In Robinson Crusoe (1719) analysis here, the intention is to identify the meaning of realism construction the researcher gives to it but within the historical context of the 18th century English novel. On this significant scope the twin theories of New-Historicism and Reader-response become unavoidable tools in the research investigation.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"DANIEL DEFOE'S ROBINSON CRUSOE AS A REALIST TEXT: A NEW- HISTORICISM AND READER-RESPONSE INTERPRETATION","attachmentId":66773360,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/47871055/DANIEL_DEFOES_ROBINSON_CRUSOE_AS_A_REALIST_TEXT_A_NEW_HISTORICISM_AND_READER_RESPONSE_INTERPRETATION","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/47871055/DANIEL_DEFOES_ROBINSON_CRUSOE_AS_A_REALIST_TEXT_A_NEW_HISTORICISM_AND_READER_RESPONSE_INTERPRETATION"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":69818085,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":69818085,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_69818085" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="2273837" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/2273837/_A_Body_Unfitt_Daniel_Defoe_in_the_Pillory_and_the_Resurrection_of_the_Versifying_Self_">‘A “Body Unfitt”: Daniel Defoe in the Pillory and the Resurrection of the Versifying Self’</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="120109" href="https://unco.academia.edu/AndreasMueller">Andreas K E Mueller</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The Eighteenth Century: Theory & Interpretation 54.3, 2013</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline 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js-related-work-sidebar-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="117526480" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-related-work-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/117526480/Satire_Fantasy_and_Writings_on_the_Supernatural_by_Daniel_Defoe">Satire, Fantasy and Writings on the Supernatural by Daniel Defoe</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="306555167" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GSill">Geoffrey Sill</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">The Scriblerian and the Kit-Cats, 2008</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Satire, Fantasy and Writings on the Supernatural by Daniel 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href="https://www.academia.edu/121799139/Voices_of_the_Self_in_Daniel_Defoes_Fiction_review_">Voices of the Self in Daniel Defoe's Fiction (review)</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-related-work-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="306555167" href="https://independent.academia.edu/GSill">Geoffrey Sill</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Eighteenth-Century Fiction, 1994</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Voices of the Self in Daniel Defoe's Fiction (review)","attachmentId":116595843,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/121799139/Voices_of_the_Self_in_Daniel_Defoes_Fiction_review_","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span 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ds2-5-body-xs">Novel, 2022</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"REALISM AND COLONIALISM IN DANIEL DEFOE'S ROBINSON CRUSOE","attachmentId":88121276,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/82397955/REALISM_AND_COLONIALISM_IN_DANIEL_DEFOES_ROBINSON_CRUSOE","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-related-work-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/82397955/REALISM_AND_COLONIALISM_IN_DANIEL_DEFOES_ROBINSON_CRUSOE"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div 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