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class="mw-page-title-main">Frankenstein complex</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Frankenstein-komplexus" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%95%E3%83%A9%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B1%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5%E3%82%BF%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%97%E3%83%AC%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B9" title="フランケンシュタイン・コンプレックス – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="フランケンシュタイン・コンプレックス" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complexo_de_Frankenstein" title="Complexo de Frankenstein – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Complexo de Frankenstein" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Frankenstein_complex" title="Special:EditPage/Frankenstein complex">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Frankenstein+complex%22">"Frankenstein complex"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Frankenstein+complex%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Frankenstein+complex%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Frankenstein+complex%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Frankenstein+complex%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Frankenstein+complex%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2015</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Fear of mechanical men</div> <p>The <b>Frankenstein complex</b> is a term coined by <a href="/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov">Isaac Asimov</a> in his <a href="/wiki/Robot_series" title="Robot series">robot series</a>, referring to the fear of <a href="/wiki/Humanoid_robot" title="Humanoid robot">mechanical men</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-contempmyth_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-contempmyth-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankenstein_complex&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some of Asimov's science fiction <a href="/wiki/Short_story" title="Short story">short stories</a> and novels predict that this suspicion will become strongest and most widespread in respect of "mechanical men" that most-closely resemble <a href="/wiki/Human_being" class="mw-redirect" title="Human being">human beings</a> (<i>see <a href="/wiki/Android_(robot)" title="Android (robot)">android</a></i>), but it is also present on a lower level against robots that are plainly electromechanical <a href="/wiki/Automaton" title="Automaton">automatons</a>. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The "Frankenstein complex" is similar in many respects to <a href="/wiki/Masahiro_Mori_(roboticist)" title="Masahiro Mori (roboticist)">Masahiro Mori</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Uncanny_valley" title="Uncanny valley">uncanny valley</a> hypothesis. </p><p>The name, "Frankenstein complex", is derived from the name of <a href="/wiki/Victor_Frankenstein" title="Victor Frankenstein">Victor Frankenstein</a> in the 1818 novel <i><a href="/wiki/Frankenstein" title="Frankenstein">Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/Mary_Wollstonecraft_Shelley" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary Wollstonecraft Shelley">Mary Shelley</a>. In Shelley's story, Frankenstein created an intelligent, somewhat superhuman being, but he finds that his creation is horrifying to behold and abandons it. This ultimately leads to Victor's death at the conclusion of a vendetta between himself and his creation. </p><p>In much of his fiction, Asimov depicts the general attitude of the public towards robots as negative, with ordinary people fearing that robots will either replace them or dominate them, although dominance would not be allowed under the specifications of the <a href="/wiki/Three_Laws_of_Robotics" title="Three Laws of Robotics">Three Laws of Robotics</a>, the first of which is: </p> <dl><dd>"A robot may not harm a human being or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm."</dd></dl> <p>However, Asimov's fictitious earthly public is not fully persuaded by this, and remains largely suspicious and fearful of robots. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <i><a href="/wiki/I,_Robot" title="I, Robot">I, Robot</a><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span></i>s short story "Little Lost Robot" is about this "fear of robots". </p><p>In Asimov's robot novels, the <i>Frankenstein complex</i> is a major problem for roboticists and robot manufacturers. They do all they can to reassure the public that robots are harmless, even though this sometimes involves hiding the truth because they think that the public would misunderstand it. The fear by the public and the response of the manufacturers is an example of the theme of <a href="/wiki/Paternalism" title="Paternalism">paternalism</a>, the dread of paternalism, and the conflicts that arise from it in Asimov's fiction. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The same theme occurs in many later works of fiction featuring robots, although it is rarely referred to as such. </p><p>Examples of human hostility towards robots have occurred in real life; for example, during a test of self-driving cars in Arizona, residents vandalized the vehicles.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankenstein_complex&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transhumanism#Loss_of_human_identity" title="Transhumanism"><i>Frankenstein</i> argument</a> – an argument against engineered intelligent beings (but not specifically robots)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncanny_valley" title="Uncanny valley">Uncanny valley</a> – a hypothesis that posits a gap in emotional response to things created to resemble humans that fall short of perfect mimicry.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankenstein_complex&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Jean-Jacques Lecercle, <i>Frankenstein: Mythe et Philosophie</i> (Press Universitaires de France, 1997)</li> <li>Shuntaro, Ono, <i>Frankenstein Complex: what can change someone into a monster</i>(Seisoushobou, 2009) 小野俊太郎『フランケンシュタイン・コンプレックス』（青草書房 2009年）</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frankenstein_complex&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-contempmyth-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-contempmyth_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFOlander1978" class="citation book cs1">Olander, editors Patricia Warrick, Martin Harry Greenberg, Joseph (1978). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sciencefictionco00warr"><i>Science fiction : contemporary mythology : the SFWA-SFRA</i></a></span> (1st ed.). New York: Harper & Row. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sciencefictionco00warr/page/252">252</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-06-046943-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-06-046943-9"><bdi>0-06-046943-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Science+fiction+%3A+contemporary+mythology+%3A+the+SFWA-SFRA&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=252&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Harper+%26+Row&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=0-06-046943-9&rft.aulast=Olander&rft.aufirst=editors+Patricia+Warrick%2C+Martin+Harry+Greenberg%2C+Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsciencefictionco00warr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankenstein+complex" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|first1=</code> has generic name (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#generic_name" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment">CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRomero2018" class="citation news cs1">Romero, Simon (2018-12-31). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/31/us/waymo-self-driving-cars-arizona-attacks.html">"Wielding Rocks and Knives, Arizonans Attack Self-Driving Cars"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-08-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Wielding+Rocks+and+Knives%2C+Arizonans+Attack+Self-Driving+Cars&rft.date=2018-12-31&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Romero&rft.aufirst=Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2018%2F12%2F31%2Fus%2Fwaymo-self-driving-cars-arizona-attacks.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankenstein+complex" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlbert2018" class="citation news cs1">Albert, Victoria (31 December 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedailybeast.com/arizonians-attack-waymos-self-driving-cars-in-protest-nyt">"Arizonians Attack Waymo's Self-Driving Cars in Protest: NYT"</a>. <i>The Daily Beast</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Beast&rft.atitle=Arizonians+Attack+Waymo%27s+Self-Driving+Cars+in+Protest%3A+NYT&rft.date=2018-12-31&rft.aulast=Albert&rft.aufirst=Victoria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailybeast.com%2Farizonians-attack-waymos-self-driving-cars-in-protest-nyt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AFrankenstein+complex" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output 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template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Robot_series" title="Template talk:Robot series"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Robot_series" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Robot series"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Isaac_Asimov&#039;s_Robot_series" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Asimov" title="Isaac Asimov">Isaac Asimov</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Robot_series" title="Robot series"><i>Robot</i> series</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Writings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Novels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Positronic_Man" title="The Positronic Man">The Positronic Man</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Caves_of_Steel" title="The Caves of Steel">The Caves of Steel</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Naked_Sun" title="The Naked Sun">The Naked Sun</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Robots_of_Dawn" title="The Robots of Dawn">The Robots of Dawn</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Robots_and_Empire" title="Robots and Empire">Robots and Empire</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Short story collections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/I,_Robot" title="I, Robot">I, Robot</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Rest_of_the_Robots" title="The Rest of the Robots">The Rest of the Robots</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Complete_Robot" title="The Complete Robot">The Complete Robot</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Robot_Dreams" title="Robot Dreams">Robot Dreams</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Robot_Visions" title="Robot Visions">Robot Visions</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gold_(Asimov)" class="mw-redirect" title="Gold (Asimov)">Gold</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Second Robot series<br />(by <a href="/wiki/Roger_MacBride_Allen" title="Roger MacBride Allen">Roger MacBride Allen</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Asimov%27s_Caliban" class="mw-redirect" title="Isaac Asimov's Caliban">Isaac Asimov's Caliban</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Asimov%27s_Inferno" class="mw-redirect" title="Isaac Asimov's Inferno">Isaac Asimov's Inferno</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Asimov%27s_Utopia" title="Isaac Asimov's Utopia">Isaac Asimov's Utopia</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Third Robot series<br />(by <a href="/wiki/Mark_W._Tiedemann" title="Mark W. Tiedemann">Mark W. Tiedemann</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Mirage</i></li> <li><i>Chimera</i></li> <li><i>Aurora</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Asimov%27s_Robots_in_Time" title="Isaac Asimov's Robots in Time"><i>Robots in Time</i> series</a><br />(by <a href="/wiki/William_F._Wu" title="William F. Wu">William F. Wu</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Predator</i></li> <li><i>Marauder</i></li> <li><i>Warrior</i></li> <li><i>Dictator</i></li> <li><i>Emperor</i></li> <li><i>Invader</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Robot City</i> series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Asimov%27s_Robot_City:_Odyssey" title="Isaac Asimov's Robot City: Odyssey">Odyssey</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Asimov%27s_Robot_City:_Suspicion" title="Isaac Asimov's Robot City: Suspicion">Suspicion</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Asimov%27s_Robot_City:_Cyborg" title="Isaac Asimov's Robot City: Cyborg">Cyborg</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Asimov%27s_Robot_City:_Prodigy" class="mw-redirect" title="Isaac Asimov's Robot City: Prodigy">Prodigy</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Asimov%27s_Robot_City:_Refuge" title="Isaac Asimov's Robot City: Refuge">Refuge</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Asimov%27s_Robot_City:_Perihelion" title="Isaac Asimov's Robot City: Perihelion">Perihelion</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Asimov%27s_Robots_and_Aliens" title="Isaac Asimov's Robots and Aliens"><i>Robots and Aliens</i> series</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Changeling</i></li> <li><i>Renegade</i></li> <li><i>Intruder</i></li> <li><i>Alliance</i></li> <li><i>Maverick</i></li> <li><i>Humanity</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Susan Calvin prequel series <br />(by <a href="/wiki/Mickey_Zucker_Reichert" title="Mickey Zucker Reichert">Mickey Zucker Reichert</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>I Robot: To Protect</i></li> <li><i>I Robot: To Obey</i></li> <li><i>I Robot: To Preserve</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Universe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Positronic_brain" title="Positronic brain">Positronic brain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robopsychology" title="Robopsychology">Robopsychology</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Frankenstein complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multivac" title="Multivac">Multivac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Laws_of_Robotics" title="Three Laws of Robotics">Three Laws of Robotics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Robot_series_characters" title="List of Robot series characters">Characters</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Susan_Calvin" title="Susan Calvin">Susan Calvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah_Baley" title="Elijah Baley">Elijah Baley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._Daneel_Olivaw" title="R. Daneel Olivaw">R. Daneel Olivaw</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Adaptations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Movies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Robots_(1988_film)" title="Robots (1988 film)">Robots</a></i> (1988 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bicentennial_Man_(film)" title="Bicentennial Man (film)">Bicentennial Man</a></i> (1999 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/I,_Robot_(film)" title="I, Robot (film)">I, Robot</a></i> (2004 film)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">TV series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Foundation_(TV_series)" title="Foundation (TV series)">Foundation</a></i> (2021–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Followed by: <a href="/wiki/Galactic_Empire_series" title="Galactic Empire series">The <i>Empire</i> series</a> and <a href="/wiki/Foundation_(book_series)" title="Foundation (book series)">The <i>Foundation</i> series</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Science_fiction" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Science_fiction" title="Template:Science fiction"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Science_fiction" title="Template talk:Science fiction"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Science_fiction" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Science fiction"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Science_fiction" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction" title="Science fiction">Science fiction</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_science_fiction" title="Outline of science fiction">Outline</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science-fiction_authors" title="List of science-fiction authors">Authors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Definitions_of_science_fiction" title="Definitions of science fiction">Definitions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthropological_science_fiction" title="Anthropological science fiction">Anthropological</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_science_fiction" title="Hard science fiction">Hard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_romance" title="Scientific romance">Scientific romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soft_science_fiction" title="Soft science fiction">Soft</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Age_of_Science_Fiction" title="Golden Age of Science Fiction">Golden Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_science_fiction" title="History of science fiction">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Wave_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="New Wave science fiction">New Wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_science_fiction" title="Timeline of science fiction">Timeline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subgenres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apocalyptic_and_post-apocalyptic_fiction" title="Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic fiction">Apocalyptic and post-apocalyptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_comedy" title="Science fiction comedy">Comedy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_sitcoms" class="mw-redirect" title="List of science fiction sitcoms">Sitcoms</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feminist_science_fiction" title="Feminist science fiction">Feminist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grimdark" title="Grimdark">Grimdark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inner_space_(science_fiction)" title="Inner space (science fiction)">Inner space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mecha" title="Mecha">Mecha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mecha_anime_and_manga" title="Mecha anime and manga">Anime and manga</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mundane_science_fiction" title="Mundane science fiction">Mundane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_warfare_in_science_fiction" title="Space warfare in science fiction">Space warfare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Military_science_fiction" title="Military science fiction">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_opera" title="Space opera">Space opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Western" title="Space Western">Space Western</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_universes_in_fiction" title="Parallel universes in fiction">Parallel universes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isekai" title="Isekai">Isekai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fantasy" title="Science fantasy">Science fantasy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dying_Earth_(genre)" title="Dying Earth (genre)">Dying Earth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_romance" title="Planetary romance">Planetary romance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Superhero_fiction" title="Superhero fiction">Superhero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sword_and_planet" class="mw-redirect" title="Sword and planet">Sword and planet</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_science_fiction" title="Social science fiction">Social</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_fiction" title="Climate fiction">Climate fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_science_fiction" title="Christian science fiction">Christian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertarian_science_fiction" title="Libertarian science fiction">Libertarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utopian_and_dystopian_fiction" title="Utopian and dystopian fiction">Utopian and dystopian</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tech_noir" title="Tech noir">Tech noir</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spy-Fi_(subgenre)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spy-Fi (subgenre)">Spy-Fi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Techno-thriller" title="Techno-thriller">Techno-thriller</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokusatsu" title="Tokusatsu">Tokusatsu</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kaiju" title="Kaiju">Kaiju</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_underwater_science_fiction_works" title="List of underwater science fiction works">Underwater</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cyberpunk_derivatives" title="Cyberpunk derivatives">Cyberpunk derivatives</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyberpunk" title="Cyberpunk">Cyberpunk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_cyberpunk" title="Japanese cyberpunk">Japanese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biopunk" title="Biopunk">Biopunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dieselpunk" title="Dieselpunk">Dieselpunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanopunk" title="Nanopunk">Nanopunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solarpunk" title="Solarpunk">Solarpunk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steampunk" title="Steampunk">Steampunk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_convention" title="Science fiction convention">Conventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_fandom" title="Science fiction fandom">Fandom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science-fiction_fanzine" title="Science-fiction fanzine">Fanzines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Internet_Speculative_Fiction_Database" title="Internet Speculative Fiction Database">ISFDB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_libraries_and_museums" title="Science fiction libraries and museums">Libraries and museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EMP_Museum#Science_Fiction_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="EMP Museum">Science Fiction Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_studies" title="Science fiction studies">Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_speculative_fiction" title="Women in speculative fiction">Women in SF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worldcon" title="Worldcon">Worldcon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_science_fiction" title="Australian science fiction">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_science_fiction" title="Bengali science fiction">Bengali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazilian_science_fiction" title="Brazilian science fiction">Brazilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_science_fiction" title="Canadian science fiction">Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_science_fiction" title="Chilean science fiction">Chilean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_science_fiction" title="Chinese science fiction">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_science_fiction" title="Croatian science fiction">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_science_fiction_and_fantasy" class="mw-redirect" title="Czech science fiction and fantasy">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_science_fiction" title="Estonian science fiction">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_science_fiction" title="French science fiction">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_science_fiction" title="Hungarian science fiction">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_science_fiction" title="Japanese science fiction">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_science_fiction" title="Norwegian science fiction">Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_and_fantasy_in_Poland" class="mw-redirect" title="Science fiction and fantasy in Poland">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_science_fiction" title="Romanian science fiction">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_science_fiction_and_fantasy" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian science fiction and fantasy">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_science_fiction" title="Serbian science fiction">Serbian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_science_fiction" title="Spanish science fiction">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_science_fiction" title="Yugoslav science fiction">Yugoslav</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Awards</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cinematic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jules_Verne_Awards" title="Jules Verne Awards">Jules Verne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturn_Awards" title="Saturn Awards">Saturn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literary, art,<br />and audio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astounding_Award_for_Best_New_Writer" title="Astounding Award for Best New Writer">Astounding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurealis_Award" title="Aurealis Award">Aurealis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BSFA_Award" title="BSFA Award">BSFA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Campbell_Memorial_Award_for_Best_Science_Fiction_Novel" title="John W. Campbell Memorial Award for Best Science Fiction Novel">Campbell Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chesley_Awards" title="Chesley Awards">Chesley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_C._Clarke_Award" title="Arthur C. Clarke Award">Clarke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Compton_Crook_Award" title="Compton Crook Award">Crook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutscher_Science_Fiction_Preis" title="Deutscher Science Fiction Preis">Deutscher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_K._Dick_Award" title="Philip K. Dick Award">Dick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ditmar_Award" title="Ditmar Award">Ditmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endeavour_Award" title="Endeavour Award">Endeavor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FantLab%27s_Book_of_the_Year_Award" title="FantLab's Book of the Year Award">FantLab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galaxy_Award_(China)" title="Galaxy Award (China)">Galaxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Gaughan_Award" title="Jack Gaughan Award">Gaughan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geffen_Award" title="Geffen Award">Geffen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Duck_Award" title="Golden Duck Award">Golden Duck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damon_Knight_Memorial_Grand_Master_Award" title="Damon Knight Memorial Grand Master Award">Grand Master</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_prix_de_l%27Imaginaire" title="Grand prix de l'Imaginaire">Grand Prix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Harland_Prize" title="Paul Harland Prize">Harland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_A._Heinlein_Award" title="Robert A. Heinlein Award">Heinlein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Premio_Ignotus" title="Premio Ignotus">Ignotus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kitschies" title="Kitschies">Kitschies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Lambda_Literary_Awards_winners_and_nominees_for_science_fiction,_fantasy_and_horror" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Lambda Literary Awards winners and nominees for science fiction, fantasy and horror">Lambda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurd_La%C3%9Fwitz_Award" title="Kurd Laßwitz Award">Laßwitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Locus_Award" title="Locus Award">Locus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nautilus_Award" title="Nautilus Award">Nautilus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebula_Award" title="Nebula Award">Nebula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nommo_Awards" title="Nommo Awards">Nommo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andre_Norton_Award" title="Andre Norton Award">Norton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parsec_Awards" title="Parsec Awards">Parsec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prometheus_Award" title="Prometheus Award">Prometheus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhysling_Award" title="Rhysling Award">Rhysling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SFERA_Award" title="SFERA Award">SFERA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sidewise_Award_for_Alternate_History" title="Sidewise Award for Alternate History">Sidewise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_E._Smith_Memorial_Award" title="Edward E. Smith Memorial Award">Skylark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_Sturgeon_Award" title="Theodore Sturgeon Award">Sturgeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunburst_Award" title="Sunburst Award">Sunburst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A4htivaeltaja_Award" title="Tähtivaeltaja Award">Tähtivaeltaja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TBD_Science_Fiction_Story_Award" title="TBD Science Fiction Story Award">TBD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Tiptree_Jr._Award" class="mw-redirect" title="James Tiptree Jr. Award">Tiptree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prix_Apollo_Award" title="Prix Apollo Award">Tour-Apollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_Fiction_%26_Fantasy_Translation_Awards" title="Science Fiction & Fantasy Translation Awards">Translation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urania_Award" title="Urania Award">Urania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sir_Julius_Vogel_Award" title="Sir Julius Vogel Award">Vogel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Writers_of_the_Future" class="mw-redirect" title="Writers of the Future">Writers and Illustrators of the Future</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janusz_A._Zajdel_Award" title="Janusz A. Zajdel Award">Zajdel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Multimedia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aurora_Awards" title="Aurora Awards">Aurora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandler_Award" title="Chandler Award">Chandler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragon_Awards" title="Dragon Awards">Dragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Award" title="Hugo Award">Hugo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seiun_Award" title="Seiun Award">Seiun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaylactic_Spectrum_Awards" title="Gaylactic Spectrum Awards">Spectrum</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_film" title="Science fiction film">Film</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_science_fiction_films" title="History of science fiction films">Film history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_science_fiction_films" title="Lists of science fiction films">Films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_films_in_India" title="Science fiction films in India">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_science_fiction" title="Japanese science fiction">Japanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_anime" title="List of science fiction anime">Anime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokusatsu" title="Tokusatsu">Tokusatsu</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_comics" title="Science fiction comics">Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_magazine" title="Science fiction magazine">Magazines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_novels" title="List of science fiction novels">Novels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_publishers" title="List of science fiction publishers">Publishers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_short_stories" title="List of science fiction short stories">Short stories</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_opera" title="Science fiction opera">Opera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_theatre" title="Science fiction theatre">Theatre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_on_television" title="Science fiction on television">Television</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_television_programs" title="List of science fiction television programs">List of TV shows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_science_fiction_television" title="Australian science fiction television">Australasian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_television_science_fiction" title="British television science fiction">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_science_fiction_television" title="Canadian science fiction television">Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_fiction_on_television#Continental_European_science_fiction_series" title="Science fiction on television">European</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_science_fiction" title="Japanese science fiction">Japanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_anime" title="List of science fiction anime">Anime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokusatsu" title="Tokusatsu">Live-action</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/U.S._television_science_fiction" title="U.S. television science fiction">U.S.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_science_fiction_themes" title="List of science fiction themes">Themes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Space_architecture" title="Space architecture">Architectural</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_colonization" title="Space colonization">Colonization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyson_sphere" title="Dyson sphere">Dyson sphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matrioshka_brain" title="Matrioshka brain">Matrioshka brain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_stations_and_habitats_in_fiction" title="Space stations and habitats in fiction">Space stations and habitats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stellar_engine" title="Stellar engine">Stellar engine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terraforming_in_popular_culture" title="Terraforming in popular culture">Terraforming</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Biology_in_fiction" title="Biology in fiction">Biological</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biological_warfare_in_popular_culture" title="Biological warfare in popular culture">Biological warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_being" title="Energy being">Energy being</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evolution_in_fiction" title="Evolution in fiction">Evolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extraterrestrials_in_fiction" title="Extraterrestrials in fiction">Extraterrestrials</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_fictional_extraterrestrials" title="Lists of fictional extraterrestrials">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_in_speculative_fiction" title="Gender in speculative fiction">Gender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_engineering_in_science_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Genetic engineering in science fiction">Genetic engineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invisibility_in_fiction" title="Invisibility in fiction">Invisibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanotechnology_in_fiction" title="Nanotechnology in fiction">Nanotechnology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organ_transplantation_in_fiction" title="Organ transplantation in fiction">Organ transplantation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parasites_in_fiction" title="Parasites in fiction">Parasites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prosthetics_in_fiction" title="Prosthetics in fiction">Prosthetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_and_sexuality_in_speculative_fiction" title="Sex and sexuality in speculative fiction">Sex and sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symbiosis_in_fiction" title="Symbiosis in fiction">Symbiosis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Physical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ansible" title="Ansible">Ansible</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_holes_in_fiction" title="Black holes in fiction">Black holes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extrasolar_planets_in_fiction" title="Extrasolar planets in fiction">Extrasolar planets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Force_field_(technology)" title="Force field (technology)">Force field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperspace" title="Hyperspace">Hyperspace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inertialess_drive" class="mw-redirect" title="Inertialess drive">Inertialess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiverse" title="Multiverse">Multiverse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parallel_universes_in_fiction" title="Parallel universes in fiction">Parallel universes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portable_hole" title="Portable hole">Portable hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_travel_in_science_fiction" title="Space travel in science fiction">Space travel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stargate_(device)" title="Stargate (device)">Stargate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stars_in_fiction" title="Stars in fiction">Stars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teleportation_in_fiction" title="Teleportation in fiction">Teleportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_travel_in_fiction" title="Time travel in fiction">Time travel</a> (<a href="/wiki/Time_viewer" title="Time viewer">Viewer</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warp_drive" title="Warp drive">Warp drive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wormholes_in_fiction" title="Wormholes in fiction">Wormhole</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Psychological</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Group_mind_(science_fiction)" title="Group mind (science fiction)">Group mind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mind_uploading_in_fiction" title="Mind uploading in fiction">Mind uploading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psionics" title="Psionics">Psionics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simulated_consciousness_in_fiction" title="Simulated consciousness in fiction">Simulated consciousness</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Social</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Africanfuturism" title="Africanfuturism">Africanfuturism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afrofuturism" title="Afrofuturism">Afrofuturism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alien_invasion" title="Alien invasion">Alien invasion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alien_language" title="Alien language">Alien language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_astronauts_in_popular_culture" title="Ancient astronauts in popular culture">Ancient astronauts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_science_fiction" title="Black science fiction">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evil_corporation" title="Evil corporation">Evil corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_contact_(science_fiction)" title="First contact (science fiction)">First contact</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Frankenstein complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galactic_empire" title="Galactic empire">Galactic empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_themes_in_speculative_fiction" title="LGBT themes in speculative fiction">LGBT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Message_from_space_(science_fiction)" title="Message from space (science fiction)">Message from space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transhumanism_in_fiction" title="Transhumanism in fiction">Transhumanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uplift_(science_fiction)" title="Uplift (science fiction)">Uplift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenoarchaeology" title="Xenoarchaeology">Xenoarchaeology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Technological</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_intelligence_in_fiction" title="Artificial intelligence in fiction">Artificial intelligence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AI_takeover_in_popular_culture" title="AI takeover in popular culture">AI takeover</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astronomical_engineering" title="Astronomical engineering">Astroengineering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holography_in_fiction" title="Holography in fiction">Holography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_robots_and_androids" title="List of fictional robots and androids">Robots</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cyborgs_in_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyborgs in fiction">Cyborgs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Self-replicating_machines_in_fiction" class="mw-redirect" title="Self-replicating machines in fiction">Self-replicating machines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simulated_reality" title="Simulated reality">Simulated reality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fictional_spacecraft" title="List of fictional spacecraft">Spacecraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tachyons_in_fiction" title="Tachyons in fiction">Tachyons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weapons_in_science_fiction" title="Weapons in science fiction">Weapons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Religious</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_science_fiction" title="Christian science fiction">Christian science fiction</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alternate_history" title="Alternate history">Alternate history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fantasy" title="Fantasy">Fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_fictional_astronauts" title="Lists of fictional astronauts">Fictional astronauts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fictional_technology" class="mw-redirect" title="Fictional technology">Fictional technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_history" title="Future history">Future history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horror_fiction" title="Horror fiction">Horror</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_realism" class="mw-redirect" title="Magic realism">Magic realism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Science_Fiction" title="Museum of Science Fiction">Museum of Science Fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rubber_science" title="Rubber science">Rubber science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_studies" title="Science and technology studies">Science and technology studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sense_of_wonder" title="Sense of wonder">Sense of wonder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Speculative_fiction" title="Speculative fiction">Speculative fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supernatural_fiction" title="Supernatural fiction">Supernatural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technology_and_society" title="Technology and society">Technology and society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weird_fiction" title="Weird fiction">Weird</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist"><ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Science_fiction" title="Category:Science fiction">Category</a></li><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Speculative_fiction/Science_fiction" title="Portal:Speculative fiction/Science fiction">Portal</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Mary_Shelley&#039;s_Frankenstein;_or,_The_Modern_Prometheus" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Frankenstein" title="Template:Frankenstein"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Frankenstein" title="Template talk:Frankenstein"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Frankenstein" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Frankenstein"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Mary_Shelley&#039;s_Frankenstein;_or,_The_Modern_Prometheus" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Mary_Shelley" title="Mary Shelley">Mary Shelley</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Frankenstein" title="Frankenstein">Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus </a></i></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frankenstein%27s_monster" title="Frankenstein's monster">Frankenstein's monster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Frankenstein" title="Victor Frankenstein">Victor Frankenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Waldman" title="Doctor Waldman">Doctor Waldman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Lavenza" title="Elizabeth Lavenza">Elizabeth Lavenza</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_featuring_Frankenstein%27s_monster" title="List of films featuring Frankenstein's monster">Films</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Frankenstein_(Universal_film_series)" title="Frankenstein (Universal film series)">Universal series</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Frankenstein_(1931_film)" title="Frankenstein (1931 film)">Frankenstein</a></i> (1931)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bride_of_Frankenstein" title="Bride of Frankenstein">Bride of Frankenstein</a></i> (1935)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Son_of_Frankenstein" title="Son of Frankenstein">Son of Frankenstein</a></i> (1939)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Ghost_of_Frankenstein" title="The Ghost of Frankenstein">The Ghost of Frankenstein</a></i> (1942)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frankenstein_Meets_the_Wolf_Man" title="Frankenstein Meets the Wolf Man">Frankenstein Meets the Wolf Man</a></i> (1943)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/House_of_Frankenstein_(film)" title="House of Frankenstein (film)">House of Frankenstein</a></i> (1944)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/House_of_Dracula" title="House of Dracula">House of Dracula</a></i> (1945)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Abbott_and_Costello_Meet_Frankenstein" title="Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein">Abbott and Costello Meet Frankenstein</a></i> (1948)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Characters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Igor_(character)" title="Igor (character)">Igor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Septimus_Pretorius" title="Doctor Septimus Pretorius">Doctor Septimus Pretorius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wolf_Frankenstein" class="mw-redirect" title="Wolf Frankenstein">Wolf Frankenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bride_of_Frankenstein_(character)" title="Bride of Frankenstein (character)">Bride of Frankenstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Frankenstein" title="Ludwig Frankenstein">Ludwig Frankenstein</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Frankenstein_(Hammer_film_series)" title="Frankenstein (Hammer film series)">Hammer series</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Curse_of_Frankenstein" title="The Curse of Frankenstein">The Curse of Frankenstein</a></i> (1957)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Revenge_of_Frankenstein" title="The Revenge of Frankenstein">The Revenge of Frankenstein</a></i> (1958)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Evil_of_Frankenstein" title="The Evil of Frankenstein">The Evil of Frankenstein</a></i> (1964)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frankenstein_Created_Woman" title="Frankenstein Created Woman">Frankenstein Created Woman</a></i> (1967)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frankenstein_Must_Be_Destroyed" title="Frankenstein Must Be Destroyed">Frankenstein Must Be Destroyed</a></i> (1969)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Horror_of_Frankenstein" title="The Horror of Frankenstein">The Horror of Frankenstein</a></i> (1970)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frankenstein_and_the_Monster_from_Hell" title="Frankenstein and the Monster from Hell">Frankenstein and the Monster from Hell</a></i> (1974)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Toho series</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Frankenstein_vs._Baragon" title="Frankenstein vs. Baragon">Frankenstein vs. Baragon</a></i> (1965)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_War_of_the_Gargantuas" title="The War of the Gargantuas">The War of the Gargantuas</a></i> (1966)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parodies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mad_Monster_Party%3F" title="Mad Monster Party?">Mad Monster Party?</a></i> (1967)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mad_Mad_Mad_Monsters" title="Mad Mad Mad Monsters">Mad Mad Mad Monsters</a></i> (1972)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Young_Frankenstein" title="Young Frankenstein">Young Frankenstein</a></i> (1974)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frankenstein_all%27italiana_%E2%80%93_Prendimi,_straziami,_che_brucio_de_passion!" title="Frankenstein all'italiana – Prendimi, straziami, che brucio de passion!">Frankenstein all'italiana</a></i> (1975)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frankenweenie_(1984_film)" title="Frankenweenie (1984 film)">Frankenweenie</a></i> (1984)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Transylvania_6-5000_(1985_film)" title="Transylvania 6-5000 (1985 film)">Transylvania 6-5000</a></i> (1985)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Monster_Squad" title="The Monster Squad">The Monster Squad</a></i> (1987)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frankenhooker" title="Frankenhooker">Frankenhooker</a></i> (1990)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Monster_Mash_(1995_film)" title="Monster Mash (1995 film)">Monster Mash</a></i> (1995)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alvin_and_the_Chipmunks_Meet_Frankenstein" title="Alvin and the Chipmunks Meet Frankenstein">Alvin and the Chipmunks Meet Frankenstein</a></i> (1999)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Monster_Mash_(2000_film)" title="Monster Mash (2000 film)">Monster Mash</a></i> (2000)</li> <li><i>Frankenström</i> (2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thumbs!" title="Thumbs!">Frankenthumb</a></i> (2002)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Igor_(film)" title="Igor (film)">Igor</a></i> (2008)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scared_Shrekless" title="Scared Shrekless">The Bride of Gingy</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frankenweenie_(2012_film)" title="Frankenweenie (2012 film)">Frankenweenie</a></i> (2012)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scooby-Doo!_Frankencreepy" title="Scooby-Doo! Frankencreepy">Scooby-Doo! Frankencreepy</a></i> (2014)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Monster_Family" title="Monster Family">Monster Family</a></i> (2017)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lisa_Frankenstein" title="Lisa Frankenstein">Lisa Frankenstein</a></i> (2024)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Munsters" title="The Munsters">The Munsters</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Munster,_Go_Home!" title="Munster, Go Home!">Munster, Go Home!</a></i> (1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Munsters%27_Revenge" title="The Munsters' Revenge">The Munsters' Revenge</a></i> (1981)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Here_Come_the_Munsters" title="Here Come the Munsters">Here Come the Munsters</a></i> (1995)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Munsters%27_Scary_Little_Christmas" title="The Munsters' Scary Little Christmas">The Munsters' Scary Little Christmas</a></i> (1996)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Munsters_(2022_film)" title="The Munsters (2022 film)">The Munsters</a></i> (2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Hotel_Transylvania_(franchise)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hotel Transylvania (franchise)">Hotel Transylvania</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hotel_Transylvania_(film)" title="Hotel Transylvania (film)">Hotel Transylvania</a></i> (2012)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hotel_Transylvania_2" title="Hotel Transylvania 2">Hotel Transylvania 2</a></i> (2015)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hotel_Transylvania_3:_Summer_Vacation" title="Hotel Transylvania 3: Summer Vacation">Hotel Transylvania 3: Summer Vacation</a></i> (2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hotel_Transylvania:_Transformania" title="Hotel Transylvania: Transformania">Hotel Transylvania: Transformania</a></i> (2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Frankenstein_(1910_film)" title="Frankenstein (1910 film)">Frankenstein</a></i> (1910)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Life_Without_Soul" title="Life Without Soul">Life Without Soul</a></i> (1915)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Il_mostro_di_Frankenstein" title="Il mostro di Frankenstein">Il mostro di Frankenstein</a></i> (1921)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/I_Was_a_Teenage_Frankenstein" title="I Was a Teenage Frankenstein">I Was a Teenage Frankenstein</a></i> (1957)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frankenstein_1970" title="Frankenstein 1970">Frankenstein 1970</a></i> (1958)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frankenstein%27s_Daughter" title="Frankenstein's Daughter">Frankenstein's Daughter</a></i> (1958)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frankenstein_Meets_the_Space_Monster" title="Frankenstein Meets the Space Monster">Frankenstein Meets the Space Monster</a></i> (1965)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Jesse_James_Meets_Frankenstein%27s_Daughter" title="Jesse James Meets Frankenstein's Daughter">Jesse James Meets Frankenstein's Daughter</a></i> (1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Los_Monstruos_del_Terror" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Monstruos del Terror">Los Monstruos del Terror</a></i> (1970)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lady_Frankenstein" title="Lady Frankenstein">Lady Frankenstein</a></i> (1971)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dracula_vs._Frankenstein" title="Dracula vs. Frankenstein">Dracula vs. Frankenstein</a></i> (1971)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frankenstein_%2780" title="Frankenstein '80">Frankenstein '80</a></i> (1972)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Flesh_for_Frankenstein" title="Flesh for Frankenstein">Flesh for Frankenstein</a></i> (1973)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Blackenstein" title="Blackenstein">Blackenstein</a></i> (1973)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frankenstein%27s_Castle_of_Freaks" title="Frankenstein's Castle of Freaks">Frankenstein's Castle of Freaks</a></i> (1974)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kyoufu_Densetsu_Kaiki!_Frankenstein" title="Kyoufu Densetsu Kaiki! Frankenstein">Frankenstein Legend of Terror</a></i> (1981)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frankenstein_Island" title="Frankenstein Island">Frankenstein Island</a></i> (1981)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Bride_(1985_film)" title="The Bride (1985 film)">The Bride</a></i> (1985)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Vindicator_(film)" title="The Vindicator (film)">The Vindicator</a></i> (1986)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frankenstein_Unbound" title="Frankenstein Unbound">Frankenstein Unbound</a></i> (1990)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frankenstein_(1992_film)" title="Frankenstein (1992 film)">Frankenstein</a></i> (1992)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Return_from_Death_(Frankenstein_2000)" title="Return from Death (Frankenstein 2000)">Return from Death (Frankenstein 2000)</a></i> (1992)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mary_Shelley%27s_Frankenstein_(film)" title="Mary Shelley's Frankenstein (film)">Mary Shelley's Frankenstein</a></i> (1994)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Van_Helsing_(film)" title="Van Helsing (film)">Van Helsing</a></i> (2004)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frankenstein_vs._the_Creature_from_Blood_Cove" title="Frankenstein vs. the Creature from Blood Cove">Frankenstein vs. the Creature from Blood Cove</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vampire_Girl_vs._Frankenstein_Girl" title="Vampire Girl vs. Frankenstein Girl">Vampire Girl vs. Frankenstein Girl</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/House_of_the_Wolf_Man" title="House of the Wolf Man">House of the Wolf Man</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frankenstein:_Day_of_the_Beast" title="Frankenstein: Day of the Beast">Frankenstein: Day of the Beast</a></i> (2011)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frankenstein%27s_Army" title="Frankenstein's Army">Frankenstein's Army</a></i> (2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Frankenstein_Theory" title="The Frankenstein Theory">The Frankenstein Theory</a></i> (2013)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/I,_Frankenstein" title="I, Frankenstein">I, Frankenstein</a></i> (2014)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Army_of_Frankensteins" title="Army of Frankensteins">Army of Frankensteins</a></i> (2014)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frankenstein_vs._The_Mummy" title="Frankenstein vs. The Mummy">Frankenstein vs. The Mummy</a></i> (2015)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frankenstein_(2015_film)" title="Frankenstein (2015 film)">Frankenstein</a></i> (2015)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Victor_Frankenstein_(film)" title="Victor Frankenstein (film)">Victor Frankenstein</a></i> (2015)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Yokai_War:_Guardians" title="The Great Yokai War: Guardians">The Great Yokai War: Guardians</a></i> (2021)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Angry_Black_Girl_and_Her_Monster" title="The Angry Black Girl and Her Monster">The Angry Black Girl and Her Monster</a></i> (2023)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Bride!" title="The Bride!">The Bride!</a></i> (2025)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frankenstein_(upcoming_film)" title="Frankenstein (upcoming film)">Frankenstein</a></i> (2025)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Television</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Tales_of_Frankenstein" title="Tales of Frankenstein">Tales of Frankenstein</a></i> (1958)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Munsters" title="The Munsters">The Munsters</a></i> (1964–1966)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frankenstein_Jr._and_The_Impossibles" title="Frankenstein Jr. and The Impossibles">Frankenstein Jr. and The Impossibles</a></i> (1966–1968)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Groovie_Goolies" title="Groovie Goolies">Groovie Goolies</a></i> (1970-1971)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frankenstein_(1973_film)" title="Frankenstein (1973 film)">Frankenstein</a></i> (1973)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frankenstein:_The_True_Story" title="Frankenstein: The True Story">Frankenstein: The True Story</a></i> (1973)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Monster_Squad" title="Monster Squad">Monster Squad</a></i> (1976)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Struck_by_Lightning_(TV_series)" title="Struck by Lightning (TV series)">Struck by Lightning</a></i> (1979)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Munsters_Today" title="The Munsters Today">The Munsters Today</a></i> (1988-1991)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Monster_Force" title="Monster Force">Monster Force</a></i> (1994)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/House_of_Frankenstein_(miniseries)" title="House of Frankenstein (miniseries)">House of Frankenstein</a></i> (1997)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frankenstein_(2004_film)" title="Frankenstein (2004 film)">Frankenstein</a></i> (2004 TV film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frankenstein_(miniseries)" title="Frankenstein (miniseries)">Frankenstein</a></i> (2004 miniseries)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frankenstein_(2007_film)" title="Frankenstein (2007 film)">Frankenstein</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mary_Shelley%27s_Frankenhole" title="Mary Shelley's Frankenhole">Mary Shelley's Frankenhole</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Once_Upon_a_Time_(TV_series)" title="Once Upon a Time (TV series)">Once Upon a Time</a></i> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Doctor_(Once_Upon_a_Time)" title="The Doctor (Once Upon a Time)">The Doctor</a>" (2012)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/In_the_Name_of_the_Brother" title="In the Name of the Brother">In the Name of the Brother</a>" (2013)</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Penny_Dreadful_(TV_series)" title="Penny Dreadful (TV series)">Penny Dreadful</a></i> (2014–2016)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frankenstein,_MD" title="Frankenstein, MD">Frankenstein, MD</a></i> (2014)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Frankenstein_Chronicles" title="The Frankenstein Chronicles">The Frankenstein Chronicles</a></i> (2015–2017)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Second_Chance_(2016_TV_series)" title="Second Chance (2016 TV series)">Second Chance</a></i> (2016)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hotel_Transylvania:_The_Series" title="Hotel Transylvania: The Series">Hotel Transylvania: The Series</a></i> (2017–2020)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Code:_Realize#Anime" title="Code: Realize">Code:Realize − Guardian of Rebirth</a></i> (2017)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Presumption;_or,_the_Fate_of_Frankenstein" title="Presumption; or, the Fate of Frankenstein">Presumption; or, the Fate of Frankenstein</a></i> (1823)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frankenstein,_or_The_Vampire%27s_Victim" title="Frankenstein, or The Vampire's Victim">Frankenstein, or The Vampire's Victim</a></i> (1887)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Peggy_Webling#Frankenstein" title="Peggy Webling">Frankenstein</a></i> (1927)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fortitude_(play)" title="Fortitude (play)">Fortitude</a></i> (1968)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Joined_At_The_Heart" title="Joined At The Heart">Joined At The Heart</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frankenstein_%E2%80%93_A_New_Musical" title="Frankenstein – A New Musical">Frankenstein – A New Musical</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Young_Frankenstein_(musical)" title="Young Frankenstein (musical)">Young Frankenstein</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frankenstein_(2011_play)" title="Frankenstein (2011 play)">Frankenstein</a></i> (2011 play)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frankenstein%27s_Wedding" title="Frankenstein's Wedding">Frankenstein's Wedding</a></i> (2011 play)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Novels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Frankenstein%27s_Aunt_(novel)" title="Frankenstein's Aunt (novel)">Frankenstein's Aunt</a></i> (1978)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gothic_Romance_(novel)" title="Gothic Romance (novel)">Gothic Romance</a></i> (1984)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frankenstein%27s_Aunt_Returns" title="Frankenstein's Aunt Returns">Frankenstein's Aunt Returns</a></i> (1989)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frankenstein%27s_Cat" title="Frankenstein's Cat">Frankenstein's Cat</a></i> (2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dean_Koontz%27s_Frankenstein" title="Dean Koontz's Frankenstein">Dean Koontz's Frankenstein</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Prodigal_Son_(novel)" title="Prodigal Son (novel)">Prodigal Son</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/City_of_Night_(Koontz_and_Gorman_novel)" title="City of Night (Koontz and Gorman novel)">City of Night</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dead_and_Alive_(Koontz_novel)" title="Dead and Alive (Koontz novel)">Dead and Alive</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lost_Souls_(Koontz_novel)" title="Lost Souls (Koontz novel)">Lost Souls</a></i> (2010)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Dead_Town" title="The Dead Town">The Dead Town</a></i> (2011)</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frankenstein_in_Baghdad" title="Frankenstein in Baghdad">Frankenstein in Baghdad</a></i> (2013)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Comics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bernie_Wrightson%27s_Frankenstein" title="Bernie Wrightson's Frankenstein">Bernie Wrightson's Frankenstein</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankenstein_(DC_Comics)" title="Frankenstein (DC Comics)">Frankenstein (DC Comics)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankenstein_(Dell_Comics)" title="Frankenstein (Dell Comics)">Frankenstein (Dell Comics)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Doc_Frankenstein" title="Doc Frankenstein">Doc Frankenstein</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Embalming_(manga)" title="Embalming (manga)">Embalming</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankenstein%27s_Monster_(Marvel_Comics)" title="Frankenstein's Monster (Marvel Comics)">Frankenstein's Monster (Marvel Comics)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankenstein_(Prize_Comics)" title="Frankenstein (Prize Comics)"><i>Frankenstein</i> (Prize Comics)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Frankenstein_(comics)" class="mw-redirect" title="Young Frankenstein (comics)">Young Frankenstein</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Video games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Frankenstein%27s_Monster_(video_game)" title="Frankenstein's Monster (video game)">Frankenstein's Monster</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frankenstein_(video_game)" title="Frankenstein (video game)">Frankenstein</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frankenstein:_The_Monster_Returns" title="Frankenstein: The Monster Returns">Frankenstein: The Monster Returns</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dr._Franken" title="Dr. Franken">Dr. Franken</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mary_Shelley%27s_Frankenstein_(video_game)" title="Mary Shelley's Frankenstein (video game)">Mary Shelley's Frankenstein</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frankenstein:_Through_the_Eyes_of_the_Monster" title="Frankenstein: Through the Eyes of the Monster">Frankenstein: Through the Eyes of the Monster</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Van_Helsing_(video_game)" title="Van Helsing (video game)">Van Helsing</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Code:_Realize" title="Code: Realize">Code: Realize</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gothic_aspects_in_Frankenstein" title="Gothic aspects in Frankenstein">Gothic aspects in <i>Frankenstein</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Classic_Monsters" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal Classic Monsters">Universal Classic Monsters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankenstein_in_popular_culture" title="Frankenstein in popular culture"><i>Frankenstein</i> in popular culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankenstein_Castle" title="Frankenstein Castle">Frankenstein Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankenstein_Day" title="Frankenstein Day">Frankenstein Day</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankenstein%27s_Promethean_dimension" class="mw-redirect" title="Frankenstein's Promethean dimension"><i>Frankenstein's</i> Promethean dimension</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johann_Konrad_Dippel" title="Johann Konrad Dippel">Johann Konrad Dippel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_6_radio_stations_in_the_United_States" title="Channel 6 radio stations in the United States">Franken-FMs</a> (radio stations)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Frankenstein complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankenstrat" title="Frankenstrat">Frankenstrat</a> (guitar)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Frankenstein_(instrumental)" title="Frankenstein (instrumental)">Frankenstein</a>" (1973 single)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Dr._Stein" title="Dr. Stein">Dr. Stein</a>" (1988 single)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankenstein_(Death_Race)" title="Frankenstein (Death Race)">Frankenstein (<i>Death Race</i>)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frankenstein_complex&oldid=1220547954">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Frankenstein_complex&oldid=1220547954</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a 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