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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Early sightings</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_sightings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-19th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>19th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>20th century</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Environment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Environment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Environment</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Environment-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Environment subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Environment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Important_Bird_Area" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Important_Bird_Area"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Important Bird Area</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Important_Bird_Area-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Île Saint-Paul</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 49 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-49" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">49 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sint-Pauleiland" title="Sint-Pauleiland – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Sint-Pauleiland" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84" title="جزيرة سان بول – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جزيرة سان بول" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islla_Saint-Paul" title="Islla Saint-Paul – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Islla Saint-Paul" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sen-Pol_adas%C4%B1" title="Sen-Pol adası – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Sen-Pol adası" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD-%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Сен-Поль – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сен-Поль" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enez_Sant-Paol_(Meurvor_Indez)" title="Enez Sant-Paol (Meurvor Indez) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Enez Sant-Paol (Meurvor Indez)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illa_de_Sant_Pau" title="Illa de Sant Pau – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Illa de Sant Pau" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Saint-Paul_(pulo_sa_Kayutaang_Pranses_sa_Habagatan)" title="Île Saint-Paul (pulo sa Kayutaang Pranses sa Habagatan) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Île Saint-Paul (pulo sa Kayutaang Pranses sa Habagatan)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svat%C3%BD_Pavel_(ostrov)" title="Svatý Pavel (ostrov) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Svatý Pavel (ostrov)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sankt-Paul-Insel_(Franz%C3%B6sische_S%C3%BCd-_und_Antarktisgebiete)" title="Sankt-Paul-Insel (Französische Süd- und Antarktisgebiete) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sankt-Paul-Insel (Französische Süd- und Antarktisgebiete)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%AE%CF%83%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%91%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%A0%CE%B1%CF%8D%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Νήσος Αγίου Παύλου – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νήσος Αγίου Παύλου" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isla_de_San_Pablo" title="Isla de San Pablo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Isla de San Pablo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sankta-Pa%C5%ADlo" title="Sankta-Paŭlo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Sankta-Paŭlo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Paul_uhartea" title="Saint-Paul uhartea – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Saint-Paul uhartea" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%B3%D9%86%D8%AA_%D9%BE%D9%84" title="جزیره سنت پل – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جزیره سنت پل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Saint-Paul_(oc%C3%A9an_Indien)" title="Île Saint-Paul (océan Indien) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Île Saint-Paul (océan Indien)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illa_Saint-Paul" title="Illa Saint-Paul – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Illa Saint-Paul" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%83%9D%ED%8F%B4%EC%84%AC" title="생폴섬 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="생폴섬" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Paul_(Indijski_ocean)" title="Saint-Paul (Indijski ocean) – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Saint-Paul (Indijski ocean)" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Saint-Paul" title="Île Saint-Paul – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Île Saint-Paul" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isola_Saint-Paul" title="Isola Saint-Paul – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Isola Saint-Paul" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%99_%D7%A1%D7%9F_%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C" title="האי סן פול – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="האי סן פול" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C-%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98_(%E1%83%99%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AB%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98)" title="სენ-პოლი (კუნძული) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სენ-პოლი (კუნძული)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD-%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Сен-Поль аралы – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Сен-Поль аралы" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentpola_(sala)" title="Sentpola (sala) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Sentpola (sala)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0v._Pauliaus_sala_(Pranc%C5%ABzija)" title="Šv. Pauliaus sala (Prancūzija) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Šv. Pauliaus sala (Prancūzija)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isoa_de_San_Paolo" title="Isoa de San Paolo – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Isoa de San Paolo" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szent_P%C3%A1l-sziget_(Francia_d%C3%A9li_%C3%A9s_antarktiszi_ter%C3%BCletek)" title="Szent Pál-sziget (Francia déli és antarktiszi területek) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Szent Pál-sziget (Francia déli és antarktiszi területek)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%87_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84" title="جزيره سان بول – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جزيره سان بول" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-Paul_(eiland)" title="Saint-Paul (eiland) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Saint-Paul (eiland)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9D%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E5%B3%B6" title="サンポール島 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="サンポール島" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Saint-Paul" title="Île Saint-Paul – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Île Saint-Paul" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Saint-Paul" title="Île Saint-Paul – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Île Saint-Paul" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illa_de_Sant_Paul" title="Illa de Sant Paul – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Illa de Sant Paul" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%81_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%B9_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%84" title="جزیرہ سینٹ پال – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جزیرہ سینٹ پال" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wyspa_%C5%9Awi%C4%99tego_Paw%C5%82a_(Ocean_Indyjski)" title="Wyspa Świętego Pawła (Ocean Indyjski) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Wyspa Świętego Pawła (Ocean Indyjski)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilha_de_S%C3%A3o_Paulo_(Fran%C3%A7a)" title="Ilha de São Paulo (França) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ilha de São Paulo (França)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insula_Sf%C3%A2ntul-Paul" title="Insula Sfântul-Paul – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Insula Sfântul-Paul" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD-%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C_(%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2)" title="Сен-Поль (остров) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сен-Поль (остров)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostrov_sv%C3%A4t%C3%A9ho_Pavla_(Franc%C3%BAzsko)" title="Ostrov svätého Pavla (Francúzsko) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Ostrov svätého Pavla (Francúzsko)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otok_svetega_Pavla" title="Otok svetega Pavla – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Otok svetega Pavla" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Острво Свети Павле – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Острво Свети Павле" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Saint-Paul" title="Île Saint-Paul – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Île Saint-Paul" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Saint-Paul" title="Île Saint-Paul – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Île Saint-Paul" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%BD-%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C_(%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B2)" title="Сен-Поль (острів) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сен-Поль (острів)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%81_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%86%D9%B9_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%84" title="جزیرہ سینٹ پال – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جزیرہ سینٹ پال" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%A3o_Saint-Paul" title="Đảo Saint-Paul – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đảo Saint-Paul" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kapuropod-an_Saint-Paul" title="Kapuropod-an Saint-Paul – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kapuropod-an Saint-Paul" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9C%A3%E4%BF%9D%E7%BD%97%E5%B2%9B_(%E7%95%99%E5%B0%BC%E6%B1%AA)" title="圣保罗岛 (留尼汪) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="圣保罗岛 (留尼汪)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span 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</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=%C3%8Ele_Saint-Paul&params=38_43_S_77_31_E_type:isle_region:TF"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">38°43′S</span> <span class="longitude">77°31′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">38.717°S 77.517°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-38.717; 77.517</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Island in the southern Indian Ocean</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other places named Saint Paul Island, see <a href="/wiki/St_Paul_Island_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="St Paul Island (disambiguation)">St Paul Island (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043282317">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Saint Paul Island</div><div class="ib-country-names"><span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Île Saint-Paul</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px 3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Île Saint-Paul"><img alt="Flag of Île Saint-Paul" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Flag_of_the_French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands.svg/125px-Flag_of_the_French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Flag_of_the_French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands.svg/188px-Flag_of_the_French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Flag_of_the_French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands.svg/250px-Flag_of_the_French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="425" data-file-height="283" /></a></span></div> </div> <div>Flag</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><b>Motto: </b>"<a href="/wiki/Libert%C3%A9,_%C3%A9galit%C3%A9,_fraternit%C3%A9" title="Liberté, égalité, fraternité">Liberté, égalité, fraternité</a>"</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem"><b>Anthem:</b> <i><a href="/wiki/La_Marseillaise" title="La Marseillaise">La Marseillaise</a></i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:StPaul_Map.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Map of Saint Paul Island."><img alt="Map of Saint Paul Island." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/StPaul_Map.png/250px-StPaul_Map.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="323" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/StPaul_Map.png/375px-StPaul_Map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/StPaul_Map.png/500px-StPaul_Map.png 2x" data-file-width="1555" data-file-height="2008" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption">Map of Saint Paul Island.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Status</th><td class="infobox-data">District of <a href="/wiki/French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands" title="French Southern and Antarctic Lands">French Southern and Antarctic Lands</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129712854">.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-title-embed{background-color:#efefef;font-weight:bold;padding:0.3em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-nick,.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-native{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-native>div{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands .infobox-header{background-color:#efefef}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-country{border-top:1px solid black;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands-country2{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-islands .infobox-below{text-align:left;border-top:#aaa 1px solid}</style><table class="infobox ib-islands vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Saint Paul Island</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:%C3%8Ele_Saint-Paul.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/%C3%8Ele_Saint-Paul.jpg/260px-%C3%8Ele_Saint-Paul.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/%C3%8Ele_Saint-Paul.jpg/390px-%C3%8Ele_Saint-Paul.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/%C3%8Ele_Saint-Paul.jpg/520px-%C3%8Ele_Saint-Paul.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4583" data-file-height="3053" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Saint Paul with Quille Rock in the foreground</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:260px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:260px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:260px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Indian_Ocean_laea_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Saint Paul Island is located in Indian Ocean"><img alt="Saint Paul Island is located in Indian Ocean" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Indian_Ocean_laea_location_map.svg/260px-Indian_Ocean_laea_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="244" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Indian_Ocean_laea_location_map.svg/390px-Indian_Ocean_laea_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Indian_Ocean_laea_location_map.svg/520px-Indian_Ocean_laea_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="709" data-file-height="666" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:65.352%;left:41.002%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Saint Paul Island"><img alt="Saint Paul Island" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:5px"><div>Saint Paul Island</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Geography</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=%C3%8Ele_Saint-Paul&params=38_43_S_77_31_E_type:isle_region:TF"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">38°43′S</span> <span class="longitude">77°31′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">38.717°S 77.517°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-38.717; 77.517</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Area</th><td class="infobox-data">8.3 km<sup>2</sup> (3.2 sq mi)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Length</th><td class="infobox-data">5 km (3.1 mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest elevation</th><td class="infobox-data">268 m (879 ft)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Highest point</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cr%C3%AAte_de_la_Novara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crête de la Novara (page does not exist)">Crête de la Novara</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Administration</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div><b>France</b></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Demographics</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population</th><td class="infobox-data">Uninhabited</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Île Saint-Paul</b> (<b>Saint Paul Island</b>) is an <a href="/wiki/Island" title="Island">island</a> forming part of the <a href="/wiki/French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands" title="French Southern and Antarctic Lands">French Southern and Antarctic Lands</a> (French: <i lang="fr">Terres australes et antarctiques françaises</i>, TAAF) in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Ocean" title="Indian Ocean">Indian Ocean</a>, with an area of 6 km<sup>2</sup> (2.3 sq mi; 1,500 acres). The island is located about 90 km (56 mi) south of the larger <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Amsterdam" title="Île Amsterdam">Île Amsterdam</a> (55 km<sup>2</sup> (21 sq mi)), 1,300 kilometres (810 mi) northeast of the <a href="/wiki/Kerguelen_Islands" title="Kerguelen Islands">Kerguelen Islands</a>, and 3,000 km (1,900 mi) southeast of <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a>. </p><p>It is an important breeding site for <a href="/wiki/Seabird" title="Seabird">seabirds</a>. A scientific research cabin on the island is used for scientific or ecological short campaigns, but there is no permanent population. It is under the authority of a senior administrator on Réunion. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Ele_Saint-Paul&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Île Saint-Paul is a <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_island" title="Volcanic island">volcanic island</a> with a triangular shape that measures no more than 5 km (3.1 mi) at its widest point. It is the top of an active volcano; the volcano last erupted in 1793 (from its SW Flank), and is rocky with steep cliffs on the east side. The thin stretch of rock that used to close off the crater collapsed in 1780, admitting the sea through a 100 m (330 ft) channel; the entrance is only a few meters deep, thus allowing only very small ships or boats to enter the crater. The interior basin, 1 km (0.62 mi) wide and 50 m (160 ft) deep, is surrounded by steep walls up to 270 m (890 ft) high. There are active <a href="/wiki/Thermal_spring" class="mw-redirect" title="Thermal spring">thermal springs</a>. </p><p>The island is antipodal of <a href="/wiki/Cheyenne_County,_Colorado" title="Cheyenne County, Colorado">Cheyenne County</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colorado" title="Colorado">Colorado</a>, one of the few places in the <a href="/wiki/Continental_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Continental United States">continental United States</a> with a non-oceanic <a href="/wiki/Antipodes" title="Antipodes">antipode</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geology">Geology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Ele_Saint-Paul&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The island is located on the mainly under sea Amsterdam-Saint Paul Plateau which is of <a href="/wiki/Hotspot_(geology)" title="Hotspot (geology)">volcanic hotspot</a> origin,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 128">: 128 </span></sup> with the currently active <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam-Saint_Paul_hotspot" class="mw-redirect" title="Amsterdam-Saint Paul hotspot">Amsterdam-Saint Paul hotspot</a> believed to be located close to the island. The aphyric (no <a href="/wiki/Phenocryst" title="Phenocryst">phenocrysts</a>) basalts found on Saint Paul are distinct from other basalts found to date on the Amsterdam-Saint Paul Plateau, being mildly alkalic, <a href="/wiki/Incompatible_element" title="Incompatible element">incompatible element</a>-enriched and highly fractionated.<sup id="cite_ref-Doucet2003_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Doucet2003-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 181">: 181 </span></sup> The island is no more than 400,000 years old and was formed by magma that was a simple binary mixture between upper mantle and the Amsterdam-Saint Paul hotspot plume.<sup id="cite_ref-Doucet2003_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Doucet2003-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 181">: 181 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Ele_Saint-Paul&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_sightings">Early sightings</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Ele_Saint-Paul&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Early sightings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Île Saint-Paul was first discovered in 1559 by the <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portuguese</a>. The island was mapped, described in detail and recorded in paintings by members of the crew of the <a href="/wiki/Carrack" title="Carrack">Nau</a> <i>São Paulo</i>, among them the <a href="/wiki/Manuel_%C3%81lvares" title="Manuel Álvares">Father Manuel Álvares</a> and the chemist Henrique Dias. Álvares and Dias correctly calculated the latitude as 38° South. The ship was commanded by Rui Melo da Câmara and was part of the Portuguese India Armada commanded by Jorge de Sousa. The <i>São Paulo</i>, which also carried women and had sailed from Europe and stopped in <a href="/wiki/Colonial_Brazil" title="Colonial Brazil">Brazil</a>, would be the subject of a dramatic and moving <a href="/wiki/Hist%C3%B3ria_tr%C3%A1gico-mar%C3%ADtima" title="História trágico-marítima">story of survival</a> after it sank south of Sumatra.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The next confirmed sighting was made by Dutchman Harwick Claesz de Hillegom on 19 April 1618.<sup id="cite_ref-btinternet1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-btinternet1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There were further sightings of the island through the 17th century. One of the first detailed descriptions of it, and possibly the first landing, was made in December 1696 by <a href="/wiki/Willem_de_Vlamingh" title="Willem de Vlamingh">Willem de Vlamingh</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-btinternet1_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-btinternet1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19th_century">19th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Ele_Saint-Paul&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 19th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In sailing-ship days captains would occasionally use the island as a check on their navigation before heading north.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Saint-Paul was occasionally visited by explorers, fishermen, and sealers in the 18th and 19th centuries, among which was the American sealer <i>General Gates</i>, which called at the island in April 1819. George William Robinson, an American sealer, was left on the island to hunt seals, and stayed there for 23 months until the <i>General Gates</i> returned for him in March 1821. Robinson subsequently returned to Saint-Paul in 1826 to gather sealskin, sailing from <a href="/wiki/Hobart" title="Hobart">Hobart</a> aboard his own vessel, the schooner <i>Hunter</i>. </p><p>The sealing period lasted from 1789 to 1876. Sealing visits are recorded by 60 vessels, four of which ended in shipwreck. Sealing era relics include the ruins of huts and inscriptions.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>France's claim to the island dates from 1843, when a Capitain Mieroslawski re-discovered the island with a group of fishermen from <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a>; interested in setting up a fishery on Saint-Paul, Mieroslawski pressed the Governor of Réunion to take possession of both Saint-Paul and <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Amsterdam" title="Île Amsterdam">Amsterdam Island</a>. This was performed by means of an official decree dated 8 June 1843, and on 1 July, Martin Dupeyrat, commanding the ship <i>L'Olympe</i>, landed on Amsterdam Island and then on Saint-Paul on 3 July, and hoisted the <a href="/wiki/Drapeau_tricolore" class="mw-redirect" title="Drapeau tricolore">tricolor</a>. Surviving evidence of this claim is an inscribed rock situated on the edge of Saint-Paul's crater lake, inscribed "Pellefournier Emile Mazarin de Noyarez, Grenoble, Canton de Sassenage, Département de l'Isère, 1844". The decree giving the islands St Paul and Amsterdam in possession of Mieroslawski is located in Archives Maritimes in Paris. All fishery operations were, however, abandoned in 1853, when the French government renounced its possession of the two islands.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The first good map of the island was not drawn up until 1857, when the Austrian frigate <i><a href="/wiki/SMS_Novara_(1850)" title="SMS Novara (1850)">Novara</a></i> landed a team which studied the flora, fauna, and geology from November to December.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the 2nd of January 1865, the Confederate warship, the <a href="/wiki/CSS_Shenandoah" title="CSS Shenandoah">CSS Shenandoah</a>, stopped briefly at Saint-Paul on its way to Australia. The ship had difficulty passing through the thick kelp field growing in the island's sheltered interior harbor. Several sailors explored the island and returned with a penguin, some eggs, and a chicken. They also surprised two French fishermen who informed the Confederates that they were used to seeing no one for six to eight months of the year.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:HMS_Megaera_(1849)_at_St_Paul_Island.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/HMS_Megaera_%281849%29_at_St_Paul_Island.jpg/350px-HMS_Megaera_%281849%29_at_St_Paul_Island.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/HMS_Megaera_%281849%29_at_St_Paul_Island.jpg/525px-HMS_Megaera_%281849%29_at_St_Paul_Island.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/HMS_Megaera_%281849%29_at_St_Paul_Island.jpg/700px-HMS_Megaera_%281849%29_at_St_Paul_Island.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/HMS_Megaera_(1849)" title="HMS Megaera (1849)">HMS <i>Megaera</i></a> at Saint Paul Island.</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1871, a British troop transport, <a href="/wiki/HMS_Megaera_(1849)" title="HMS Megaera (1849)">HMS <i>Megaera</i></a>, was wrecked on the island. Most of the 400 persons on board had to remain upwards of three months before being rescued. A short, impressionistic account of the two French residents encountered by the shipwrecked crew appears in <a href="/wiki/Judith_Schalansky" title="Judith Schalansky">Judith Schalansky</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Atlas_of_Remote_Islands" title="Atlas of Remote Islands">Atlas of Remote Islands</a></i> (2010).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In September 1874, a French astronomical mission conveyed by the sailing ship <i>La Dive</i> spent just over three months on Saint-Paul to observe the <a href="/wiki/Transit_of_Venus" title="Transit of Venus">transit of Venus</a>; geologist <a href="/wiki/Charles_V%C3%A9lain" title="Charles Vélain">Charles Vélain</a> took the opportunity to make a significant geological survey of the island. </p><p>In 1889, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Lightoller" title="Charles Lightoller">Charles Lightoller</a>, who was later to become famous as the Second Officer of the <a href="/wiki/RMS_Titanic" class="mw-redirect" title="RMS Titanic">RMS <i>Titanic</i></a>, whose sinking he survived, was shipwrecked here for eighty eight days when the sailing <a href="/wiki/Barque" title="Barque">barque</a> <i>Holt Hill</i> ran aground. He describes the shipwreck and the island in his autobiography, <i>Titanic and Other Ships</i>. Lightoller speculated that pirates used the island and their treasure could be buried in its caves.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1892, the crew of the French sloop <i>Bourdonnais</i>, followed by the ship <i>L'Eure</i> in 1893, again took possession of Saint-Paul and Amsterdam Island in the name of the French government. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Ele_Saint-Paul&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1928, the <i>Compagnie Générale des Îles Kerguelen</i> recruited René Bossière and several Bretons and Madagascans to establish a <a href="/wiki/Spiny_lobster" title="Spiny lobster">spiny lobster</a> cannery on Saint-Paul, "La Langouste Française". In March 1930, at the end of the second season, most of the employees left, but seven of them stayed on the island to guard the installations, supposedly for just a few months. The promised relief arrived much too late. When the ship finally came, in December 1930, five people had died, mostly from lack of food and scurvy: Paule Brunou (a child born on the island who died two months after her birth), Emmanuel Puloc'h, François Ramamonzi, Victor Brunou, and Pierre Quillivic. Only three survivors were rescued. This event has since come to be known as <i>Les Oubliés de Saint-Paul</i> ("the forgotten ones of Saint Paul").<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A few years later in 1938, the crew of a French fishing boat was stranded on the island. Distress calls sent by the crew over short-wave radio were fortuitously received 11,000 miles away in the United States. The message was relayed to the Navy and the French consul in San Francisco, while 12-year-old Neil Taylor, an amateur radio operator in California, made contact with the stranded crew and assured them that help was on the way.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Environment">Environment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Ele_Saint-Paul&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Environment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam_and_Saint-Paul_Islands_temperate_grasslands" title="Amsterdam and Saint-Paul Islands temperate grasslands">Amsterdam and Saint-Paul Islands temperate grasslands</a></div> <p>The island has a cool <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">oceanic climate</a> and the slopes of the volcano are covered in grass. It is a breeding site for <a href="/wiki/Subantarctic_fur_seal" title="Subantarctic fur seal">subantarctic fur seals</a>, <a href="/wiki/Southern_elephant_seal" title="Southern elephant seal">southern elephant seals</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rockhopper_penguin" title="Rockhopper penguin">rockhopper penguins</a>. It was also the breeding site for an endemic flightless duck & several kinds of <a href="/wiki/Petrel" title="Petrel">petrel</a> before the introduction of exotic predators and herbivores, including <a href="/wiki/Black_rat" title="Black rat">black rats</a>, <a href="/wiki/House_mice" class="mw-redirect" title="House mice">house mice</a>, <a href="/wiki/European_rabbit" title="European rabbit">European rabbits</a>, pigs and goats during the 19th century or earlier. The pigs and goats have since disappeared or been eradicated. Black rats were eradicated in January 1997 following an aerial drop of 13.5 tonnes of <a href="/wiki/Brodifacoum" title="Brodifacoum">brodifacoum</a> anticoagulant poison baits over the island.<sup id="cite_ref-m&j_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m&j-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Important_Bird_Area">Important Bird Area</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Ele_Saint-Paul&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Important Bird Area"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The island, with the adjacent islet of Quille Rock, has been identified as an <a href="/wiki/Important_Bird_Area" title="Important Bird Area">Important Bird Area</a> (IBA) by <a href="/wiki/BirdLife_International" title="BirdLife International">BirdLife International</a> because it supports several breeding <a href="/wiki/Seabird" title="Seabird">seabirds</a>. The island's subtropical location gives it an avifauna distinct from that of <a href="/wiki/Subantarctic" title="Subantarctic">subantarctic</a> islands and contains several breeding species which are rare in the region. Saint Paul's seabirds nested mainly on Quille Rock until rat eradication allowed some species, notably <a href="/wiki/MacGillivray%27s_prion" title="MacGillivray's prion">MacGillivray's prions</a> and <a href="/wiki/Great-winged_petrel" title="Great-winged petrel">great-winged petrels</a>, to recolonise the main island.<sup id="cite_ref-m&j_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-m&j-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other species include a colony of some 9000 pairs of <a href="/wiki/Northern_rockhopper_penguin" title="Northern rockhopper penguin">northern rockhopper penguins</a>, about 20 pairs of <a href="/wiki/Sooty_albatross" title="Sooty albatross">sooty albatrosses</a>, a few pairs of <a href="/wiki/Indian_yellow-nosed_albatross" title="Indian yellow-nosed albatross">Indian yellow-nosed albatrosses</a>, and small numbers of <a href="/wiki/Australasian_gannet" title="Australasian gannet">Australasian gannets</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fairy_prion" title="Fairy prion">fairy prions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Little_shearwater" title="Little shearwater">little</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flesh-footed_shearwater" title="Flesh-footed shearwater">flesh-footed shearwaters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wilson%27s_storm_petrel" title="Wilson's storm petrel">Wilson's storm petrels</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sooty_tern" title="Sooty tern">sooty terns</a>. The island might once have had a species of duck as a painting from 1793 shows one.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> However, it is not clear if this is conspecific with the <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam_wigeon" title="Amsterdam wigeon">Amsterdam wigeon</a> (<i>Mareca marecula</i>) or a separate <a href="/wiki/Taxon" title="Taxon">taxon</a>. No specimens have been found though, so the existence of this cannot be proven.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Ele_Saint-Paul&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands" title="List of volcanoes in French Southern and Antarctic Lands">List of volcanoes in French Southern and Antarctic Lands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Administrative_divisions_of_France" title="Administrative divisions of France">Administrative divisions of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_overseas_departments_and_territories" class="mw-redirect" title="French overseas departments and territories">French overseas departments and territories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islands_controlled_by_France_in_the_Indian_and_Pacific_oceans" class="mw-redirect" title="Islands controlled by France in the Indian and Pacific oceans">Islands controlled by France in the Indian and Pacific oceans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Antarctic_and_subantarctic_islands" title="List of Antarctic and subantarctic islands">List of Antarctic and subantarctic islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperate_grasslands,_savannas,_and_shrublands" title="Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands">Temperate grasslands, savannas, and shrublands</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Ele_Saint-Paul&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Ele_Saint-Paul&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rmgsc.cr.usgs.gov/gie/gie.shtml">"Global Island Explorer"</a>. <i>rmgsc.cr.usgs.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 Nov</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=rmgsc.cr.usgs.gov&rft.atitle=Global+Island+Explorer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frmgsc.cr.usgs.gov%2Fgie%2Fgie.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Ele+Saint-Paul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBredowSteinberger2018" class="citation journal cs1">Bredow, E; Steinberger, B (16 January 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F2017GL075822">"Variable melt production rate of the Kerguelen hotspot due to long‐term plume‐ridge interaction"</a>. <i>Geophysical Research Letters</i>. <b>45</b> (1): 126–36. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1002%2F2017GL075822">10.1002/2017GL075822</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10852%2F70913">10852/70913</a></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geophysical+Research+Letters&rft.atitle=Variable+melt+production+rate+of+the+Kerguelen+hotspot+due+to+long%E2%80%90term+plume%E2%80%90ridge+interaction&rft.volume=45&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=126-36&rft.date=2018-01-16&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10852%2F70913&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1002%2F2017GL075822&rft.aulast=Bredow&rft.aufirst=E&rft.au=Steinberger%2C+B&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1002%252F2017GL075822&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Ele+Saint-Paul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Doucet2003-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Doucet2003_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Doucet2003_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDoucetWeisScoatesDebaille2004" class="citation journal cs1">Doucet, S.; Weis, D.; Scoates, J.S.; Debaille, V.; Giret, A. (2004). "Geochemical and Hf–Pb–Sr–Nd isotopic constraints on the origin of the Amsterdam–Saint Paul (Indian Ocean) hotspot basalts". <i>Earth and Planetary Science Letters</i>. <b>218</b> (1–2): 179–195. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0012-821X%2803%2900636-8">10.1016/S0012-821X(03)00636-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Earth+and+Planetary+Science+Letters&rft.atitle=Geochemical+and+Hf%E2%80%93Pb%E2%80%93Sr%E2%80%93Nd+isotopic+constraints+on+the+origin+of+the+Amsterdam%E2%80%93Saint+Paul+%28Indian+Ocean%29+hotspot+basalts&rft.volume=218&rft.issue=1%E2%80%932&rft.pages=179-195&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0012-821X%2803%2900636-8&rft.aulast=Doucet&rft.aufirst=S.&rft.au=Weis%2C+D.&rft.au=Scoates%2C+J.S.&rft.au=Debaille%2C+V.&rft.au=Giret%2C+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Ele+Saint-Paul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrito1735" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Brito, Bernardo Gomes de (1735). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://objdigital.bn.br/objdigital2/acervo_digital/div_obrasraras/or639546/or639546.pdf"><i>Historia tragico-maritima em que se escrevem chronologicamente os naufragios que tiverao as Naos de Portugal, depois que se poz em exercicio a navegacao da India... : Tomo I</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Portuguese). 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Btinternet.com. 2003-06-29. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.btinternet.com/~sa_sa/amsterdam/amsterdam_history_early.html">the original</a> on 2012-10-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-07-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Early+History+of+Amsterdam+and+St+Paul+Islands%2C+South+Indian+Ocean&rft.pub=Btinternet.com&rft.date=2003-06-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.btinternet.com%2F~sa_sa%2Famsterdam%2Famsterdam_history_early.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Ele+Saint-Paul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140326213058/http://www.hetscheepvaartmuseum.nl/kenniscentrum/kalender">"Het Scheepvaartmuseum – Maritieme Kalender"</a>. Hetscheepvaartmuseum.nl. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hetscheepvaartmuseum.nl/kenniscentrum/kalender">the original</a> on 2014-03-26<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-07-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Het+Scheepvaartmuseum+%E2%80%93+Maritieme+Kalender&rft.pub=Hetscheepvaartmuseum.nl&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hetscheepvaartmuseum.nl%2Fkenniscentrum%2Fkalender&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Ele+Saint-Paul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClark1938" class="citation book cs1">Clark, William Bell (1938). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://penelope.uchicago.edu/Thayer/E/Gazetteer/People/John_Barry/CLAGJB/23*.html#StPaul_Island"><i>Gallant John Barry</i></a>. The Macmillan Co. p. 343.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gallant+John+Barry&rft.pages=343&rft.pub=The+Macmillan+Co.&rft.date=1938&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=William+Bell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpenelope.uchicago.edu%2FThayer%2FE%2FGazetteer%2FPeople%2FJohn_Barry%2FCLAGJB%2F23%2A.html%23StPaul_Island&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Ele+Saint-Paul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">R.K. Headland, <i>Historical Antarctic sealing industry</i>, Scott Polar Research Institute (Cambridge University), 2018, p.168, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-901021-26-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-901021-26-7">978-0-901021-26-7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReppe1957" class="citation book cs1">Reppe, Xavier (1957). <i>Aurore sur l'Antarctique</i>. Nouvelles Éditions Latines. p. 32.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aurore+sur+l%27Antarctique&rft.pages=32&rft.pub=Nouvelles+%C3%89ditions+Latines&rft.date=1957&rft.aulast=Reppe&rft.aufirst=Xavier&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Ele+Saint-Paul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVélain1878" class="citation book cs1">Vélain, Charles (1878). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/velain-1878-description-geologique-de-la-presqu-il"><i>Description géologique de la presqu'île d'Aden, de l'île de la Réunion, des îles Saint-Paul et Amsterdam</i></a>. A. Hennuyer. p. 232.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Description+g%C3%A9ologique+de+la+presqu%27%C3%AEle+d%27Aden%2C+de+l%27%C3%AEle+de+la+R%C3%A9union%2C+des+%C3%AEles+Saint-Paul+et+Amsterdam&rft.pages=232&rft.pub=A.+Hennuyer&rft.date=1878&rft.aulast=V%C3%A9lain&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fvelain-1878-description-geologique-de-la-presqu-il&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Ele+Saint-Paul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">An account of the voyage was published in English, and digitized copies are available online from several sources. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScherzer1861" class="citation book cs1">Scherzer, Karl (1861). "The islands of St. Paul and Amsterdam, in the Southern Indian Ocean". <i>Narrative of the circumnavigation of the Globe by the Austrian frigate Novara</i>. Vol. 1. London: Saunders, Otley & Co. pp. 267–342.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+islands+of+St.+Paul+and+Amsterdam%2C+in+the+Southern+Indian+Ocean&rft.btitle=Narrative+of+the+circumnavigation+of+the+Globe+by+the+Austrian+frigate+Novara&rft.place=London&rft.pages=267-342&rft.pub=Saunders%2C+Otley+%26+Co.&rft.date=1861&rft.aulast=Scherzer&rft.aufirst=Karl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Ele+Saint-Paul" class="Z3988"></span> From Biblioteca Brasiliana Guita e José Mindlin (monochrome): BBM <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://digital.bbm.usp.br/handle/bbm/4507">[1]</a>, Wikimedia Commons <a class="external autonumber" href="https://commons.m.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?title=File:Narrative_of_the_circumnavigation_of_the_Globe_by_the_Austrian_frigate_Novara,_(Volume_1)..pdf&page=343">[2]</a>. From <abbr title="Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute">MBLWHOI</abbr> Library (colour): <abbr title="Biodiversity Heritage Library">BHL</abbr> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37491#page/339/mode/1up">[3]</a>. Austrian Literature Online: ALO (monochrome, with some plates in colour) <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.literature.at/viewer.alo?objid=12823&viewmode=fullscreen&scale=3.33&rotate=&page=326">[4]</a>, Project Gutenberg (transcript) <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/38456/38456-h/38456-h.htm#VII">[5]</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaldwin2007" class="citation book cs1">Baldwin, John (2007). <i>Last Flag Down: The Epic Journey of the Last Confederate Warship</i>. New York: Three Rivers Press. p. 146. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-307-23656-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-307-23656-2"><bdi>978-0-307-23656-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Last+Flag+Down%3A+The+Epic+Journey+of+the+Last+Confederate+Warship&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=146&rft.pub=Three+Rivers+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-307-23656-2&rft.aulast=Baldwin&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Ele+Saint-Paul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchalansky2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Judith_Schalansky" title="Judith Schalansky">Schalansky, Judith</a> (2010). <i>Atlas of Remote Islands</i>. New York, NY: Penguin. p. 54. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-311820-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-311820-6"><bdi>978-0-14-311820-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Atlas+of+Remote+Islands&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pages=54&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-14-311820-6&rft.aulast=Schalansky&rft.aufirst=Judith&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Ele+Saint-Paul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLightoller1935" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lightoller" title="Charles Lightoller">Lightoller, C.H.</a> (1935). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130508130722/http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks03/0301011h.html"><i>Titanic and other ships</i></a>. I. Nicholson and Watson. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks03/0301011h.html">the original</a> on 2013-05-08.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Titanic+and+other+ships&rft.pub=I.+Nicholson+and+Watson&rft.date=1935&rft.aulast=Lightoller&rft.aufirst=C.H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgutenberg.net.au%2Febooks03%2F0301011h.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Ele+Saint-Paul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Les oubliés de l'île Saint-Paul</i>, by Daniel Floch. 1982.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071003073517/http://www.discoverfrance.net/Colonies/St-Paul_Amsterdam.shtml">"St. Paul and Amsterdam Islands: A History of Two Islands"</a>. Discoverfrance.net. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.discoverfrance.net/Colonies/St-Paul_Amsterdam.shtml">the original</a> on 2007-10-03.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=St.+Paul+and+Amsterdam+Islands%3A+A+History+of+Two+Islands.&rft.pub=Discoverfrance.net&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.discoverfrance.net%2FColonies%2FSt-Paul_Amsterdam.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Ele+Saint-Paul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121110131331/https://archive.org/stream/CallingCq-AdventureOfShort-waveRadioOperators/CallingCq-Desoto-FirstEdition-1941_djvu.txt">"Full text of "Calling CQ – Adventures of Short-Wave Radio Operators"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. 4 September 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/CallingCq-AdventureOfShort-waveRadioOperators/CallingCq-Desoto-FirstEdition-1941_djvu.txt">the original</a> on 2012-11-10<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2012-07-26</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Full+text+of+%22Calling+CQ+%E2%80%93+Adventures+of+Short-Wave+Radio+Operators%22&rft.date=2009-09-04&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2FCallingCq-AdventureOfShort-waveRadioOperators%2FCallingCq-Desoto-FirstEdition-1941_djvu.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Ele+Saint-Paul" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-m&j-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-m&j_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-m&j_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Micol & Jouventin (2002).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">BirdLife International. (2012). Important Bird Areas factsheet: Île Saint Paul. Downloaded from <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.birdlife.org">http://www.birdlife.org</a> on 2012-01-08. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070710124603/http://www.birdlife.org/">Archived</a> July 10, 2007, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Ele_Saint-Paul&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeMasurierThomson,_J._W.1990" class="citation book cs1">LeMasurier, W. E.; Thomson, J. W., eds. (1990). <i>Volcanoes of the Antarctic Plate and Southern Oceans</i>. <a href="/wiki/American_Geophysical_Union" title="American Geophysical Union">American Geophysical Union</a>. p. 512 pp. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87590-172-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87590-172-5"><bdi>978-0-87590-172-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Volcanoes+of+the+Antarctic+Plate+and+Southern+Oceans&rft.pages=512+pp&rft.pub=American+Geophysical+Union&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-87590-172-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Ele+Saint-Paul" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMicol,_T.Jouventin,_P.2002" class="citation book cs1">Micol, T. & Jouventin, P. (2002). <i>"Eradication of rats and rabbits from Saint-Paul Island, French Southern Territories", in </i>Turning the tide: the eradication of invasive species: proceedings of the International Conference on Eradication of Island Invasives<i>, ed. Veitch, C.R.; & Clout, M.N</i>. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN. pp. 199–205. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-2-8317-0682-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-2-8317-0682-5"><bdi>978-2-8317-0682-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%22Eradication+of+rats+and+rabbits+from+Saint-Paul+Island%2C+French+Southern+Territories%22%2C+in+Turning+the+tide%3A+the+eradication+of+invasive+species%3A+proceedings+of+the+International+Conference+on+Eradication+of+Island+Invasives%2C+ed.+Veitch%2C+C.R.%3B+%26+Clout%2C+M.N.&rft.place=Gland%2C+Switzerland&rft.pages=199-205&rft.pub=IUCN&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-2-8317-0682-5&rft.au=Micol%2C+T.&rft.au=Jouventin%2C+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Ele+Saint-Paul" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C3%8Ele_Saint-Paul&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Saint-Paul#Q204821" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Île Saint-Paul">Île Saint-Paul</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:%C3%8Ele_Saint-Paul" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Île Saint-Paul">Île Saint-Paul</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/St Paul (2.)"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Ninth_Edition/St_Paul_(2.)">"St Paul" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. XXI (9th ed.). 1886. p. 189.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=St+Paul&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=189&rft.edition=9th&rft.date=1886&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Ele+Saint-Paul" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/St Paul (island)"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/St_Paul_(island)">"St Paul" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 24 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 34–35.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=St+Paul&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=34-35&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A%C3%8Ele+Saint-Paul" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.farvoyager.com/siov/stpaul1.html">Pictures of Île Saint-Paul</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.weathergraphics.com/tim/antipode">Antipodes of the USA</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.navegar-es-preciso.com/news/saint-paul/">Isla de Saint Paul</a> (Spanish)</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/Template:Overseas_France" title="Template:Overseas France"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Overseas_France" title="Template talk:Overseas France"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Overseas_France" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Overseas France"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Overseas_France" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Overseas_France" title="Overseas France">Overseas France</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Inhabited_territories" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Inhabited territories</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Overseas_departments_and_regions_of_France" title="Overseas departments and regions of France">Overseas<wbr /> regions</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Overseas_collectivity" title="Overseas collectivity">Overseas<wbr /> collectivities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/French_Polynesia" title="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy" title="Saint Barthélemy">Saint Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin" title="Collectivity of Saint Martin">Saint Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon" title="Saint Pierre and Miquelon">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallis_and_Futuna" title="Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sui_generis" title="Sui generis">Sui generis</a><wbr /> collectivity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Uninhabited_territories" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Uninhabited territories</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">North Pacific Ocean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clipperton_Island" title="Clipperton Island">Clipperton Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Overseas_territory_(France)" title="Overseas territory (France)">Overseas territory</a><wbr /> (<a href="/wiki/French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands" title="French Southern and Antarctic Lands">French Southern<wbr /> and Antarctic Lands</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ad%C3%A9lie_Land" title="Adélie Land">Adélie Land</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crozet_Islands" title="Crozet Islands">Crozet Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_domains_of_Saint_Helena" title="French domains of Saint Helena">French domains of Saint Helena</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=French_domains_of_the_Holy_Land&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="French domains of the Holy Land (page does not exist)">French domains of the Holy Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerguelen_Islands" title="Kerguelen Islands">Kerguelen Islands</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Saint Paul</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Amsterdam" title="Île Amsterdam">Amsterdam Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Scattered_Islands_in_the_Indian_Ocean" title="Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean">Scattered Islands in<wbr /> the Indian Ocean</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bassas_da_India" title="Bassas da India">Bassas da India</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europa_Island" title="Europa Island">Europa Island</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glorioso_Islands" title="Glorioso Islands">Glorioso Islands</a><sup><small>2, 3</small></sup> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Banc_du_Geyser" title="Banc du Geyser">Banc du Geyser</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Nova_Island" title="Juan de Nova Island">Juan de Nova Island</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tromelin_Island" title="Tromelin Island">Tromelin Island</a><sup><small>4</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup><small>1</small></sup> Also known as <a href="/wiki/Overseas_departments_and_regions_of_France" title="Overseas departments and regions of France">overseas departments</a></li> <li><sup><small>2</small></sup> Claimed by the <a href="/wiki/Comoros" title="Comoros">Comoros</a></li> <li><sup><small>3</small></sup> Claimed by <a href="/wiki/Madagascar" title="Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><sup><small>4</small></sup> Claimed by <a href="/wiki/Mauritius" title="Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Outlying_territories_of_European_countries" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Outlying_territories_of_European_countries" title="Template:Outlying territories of European countries"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Outlying_territories_of_European_countries" title="Template talk:Outlying territories of European countries"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Outlying_territories_of_European_countries" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Outlying territories of European countries"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Outlying_territories_of_European_countries" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Outlying territories of European countries</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Territories under European <a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">sovereignty</a> but closer to or on continents other than Europe (see <a href="/wiki/Template:Outlying_territories_of_European_countries#Inclusion_criteria" title="Template:Outlying territories of European countries">inclusion criteria</a> for further information).</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Denmark</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faroe_Islands" title="Faroe Islands">Faroe Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">France</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clipperton_Island" title="Clipperton Island">Clipperton Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Polynesia" title="French Polynesia">French Polynesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands" title="French Southern and Antarctic Lands">French Southern and Antarctic Lands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ad%C3%A9lie_Land" title="Adélie Land">Adélie Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crozet_Islands" title="Crozet Islands">Crozet Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kerguelen_Islands" title="Kerguelen Islands">Kerguelen Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul_and_Amsterdam_Islands" title="Saint Paul and Amsterdam Islands">Saint Paul and Amsterdam Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Amsterdam" title="Île Amsterdam"> Amsterdam Island</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink"> Saint Paul Island</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scattered_Islands_in_the_Indian_Ocean" title="Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean">Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bassas_da_India" title="Bassas da India">Bassas da India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europa_Island" title="Europa Island">Europa Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glorioso_Islands" title="Glorioso Islands">Glorioso Islands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banc_du_Geyser" title="Banc du Geyser"> Geyser Shoal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Nova_Island" title="Juan de Nova Island">Juan de Nova Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tromelin_Island" title="Tromelin Island">Tromelin Island</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayotte" title="Mayotte">Mayotte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9union" title="Réunion">Réunion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy" title="Saint Barthélemy">Saint Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin" title="Collectivity of Saint Martin">Saint Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon" title="Saint Pierre and Miquelon">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallis_and_Futuna" title="Wallis and Futuna">Wallis and Futuna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Netherlands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Netherlands" title="Caribbean Netherlands">Caribbean Netherlands</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire">Bonaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saba_(island)" title="Saba (island)">Saba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sint_Eustatius" title="Sint Eustatius">Sint Eustatius</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Curaçao">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sint_Maarten" title="Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Norway</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bouvet_Island" title="Bouvet Island">Bouvet Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_I_Island" title="Peter I Island">Peter I Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_Maud_Land" title="Queen Maud Land">Queen Maud Land</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Portugal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azores" title="Azores">Azores</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madeira" title="Madeira">Madeira</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Canary_Islands" title="Canary Islands">Canary Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceuta" title="Ceuta">Ceuta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melilla" title="Melilla">Melilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plazas_de_Soberan%C3%ADa" class="mw-redirect" title="Plazas de Soberanía">Plazas de Soberanía</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alboran_Island" title="Alboran Island">Alboran Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alhucemas_Islands" title="Alhucemas Islands">Alhucemas Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chafarinas_Islands" title="Chafarinas Islands">Chafarinas Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Velez_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Velez Islands">Velez Islands</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Antarctic_Territory" title="British Antarctic Territory">British Antarctic Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Indian_Ocean_Territory" title="British Indian Ocean Territory">British Indian Ocean Territory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Virgin_Islands" title="British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cayman_Islands" title="Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falkland_Islands" title="Falkland Islands">Falkland Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pitcairn_Islands" title="Pitcairn Islands">Pitcairn Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena,_Ascension_and_Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha">Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ascension_Island" title="Ascension Island">Ascension Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena" title="Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tristan_da_Cunha" title="Tristan da Cunha">Tristan da Cunha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands" title="South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" title="Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Important_Bird_Areas_of_the_French_Southern_Territories" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#abdb75;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Important_Bird_Areas_of_French_Southern_Territories" title="Template:Important Bird Areas of French Southern Territories"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Important_Bird_Areas_of_French_Southern_Territories" title="Template talk:Important Bird Areas of French Southern Territories"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Important_Bird_Areas_of_French_Southern_Territories" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Important Bird Areas of French Southern Territories"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Important_Bird_Areas_of_the_French_Southern_Territories" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Important_Bird_Area" title="Important Bird Area">Important Bird Areas</a> of the <a href="/wiki/French_Southern_and_Antarctic_Lands" title="French Southern and Antarctic Lands">French Southern Territories</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Amsterdam" title="Île Amsterdam">Amsterdam and Saint Paul Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Falaises_d%27Entrecasteaux" title="Falaises d'Entrecasteaux">Falaises d'Entrecasteaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plateau_des_Tourbi%C3%A8res" title="Plateau des Tourbières">Plateau des Tourbières</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Saint Paul Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/Crozet_Islands" title="Crozet Islands">Crozet Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_aux_Cochons" title="Île aux Cochons">Île aux Cochons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_de_la_Possession" title="Île de la Possession">Île de la Possession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_de_l%27Est" title="Île de l'Est">Île de l'Est</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_des_Pingouins" title="Île des Pingouins">Île des Pingouins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Elots_des_Ap%C3%B4tres" title="Îlots des Apôtres">Îlots des Apôtres</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/Kerguelen_Islands" title="Kerguelen Islands">Kerguelen Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baie_Larose" title="Baie Larose">Baie Larose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courbet_Peninsula" title="Courbet Peninsula">Courbet Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golfe_du_Morbihan_(Kerguelen)" title="Golfe du Morbihan (Kerguelen)">Golfe du Morbihan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Foch" title="Île Foch">Île Foch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Howe" title="Île Howe">Île Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_Saint-Lanne_Gramont" title="Île Saint-Lanne Gramont">Île Saint-Lanne Gramont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Eles_Leygues" title="Îles Leygues">Îles Leygues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Eles_Nuageuses" title="Îles Nuageuses">Îles Nuageuses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9ninsule_Jeanne_d%27Arc" title="Péninsule Jeanne d'Arc">Péninsule Jeanne d'Arc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loranchet_Peninsula" title="Loranchet Peninsula">Loranchet Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rallier_du_Baty_Peninsula" title="Rallier du Baty Peninsula">Rallier du Baty Peninsula</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#bbeb85;"><a href="/wiki/Scattered_Islands_in_the_Indian_Ocean" title="Scattered Islands in the Indian Ocean">Scattered Islands</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Europa_Island" title="Europa Island">Europa Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%8Ele_du_Lys" title="Île du Lys">Île du Lys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_de_Nova_Island" title="Juan de Nova Island">Juan de Nova Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tromelin_Island" title="Tromelin Island">Tromelin Island</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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