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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Belgian historian and pioneering Christian democrat</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Godefroid Kurth</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:GodefroidKurth.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/GodefroidKurth.jpg/220px-GodefroidKurth.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="310" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/GodefroidKurth.jpg/330px-GodefroidKurth.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8d/GodefroidKurth.jpg/440px-GodefroidKurth.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1031" data-file-height="1454" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1847-05-11</span>)</span>11 May 1847<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Arlon" title="Arlon">Arlon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_(Belgium)" title="Luxembourg (Belgium)">province of Luxembourg</a>, Belgium</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">4 January 1916<span style="display:none">(1916-01-04)</span> (aged 68)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Asse" title="Asse">Asse</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Brabant" title="Province of Brabant">Province of Brabant</a>, Belgium</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Belgian_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Belgian people">Belgian</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Board member of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Belgian_Historical_Institute_in_Rome" title="Belgian Historical Institute in Rome">Belgian Historical Institute in Rome</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Awards</th><td class="infobox-data">Prix quinquennal des Sciences historiques (1891); Commander in the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_St_Gregory_the_Great" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of St Gregory the Great">Order of St Gregory the Great</a> (1906); Commander in the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Leopold_(Belgium)" title="Order of Leopold (Belgium)">Order of Leopold</a> (1907); <a href="/wiki/Honorary_Doctorate" class="mw-redirect" title="Honorary Doctorate">Honorary Doctorate</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_University_of_Leuven_(1834%E2%80%931968)" title="Catholic University of Leuven (1834–1968)">Catholic University of Louvain</a> (1912)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Academic background</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ath%C3%A9n%C3%A9e_royal_d%27Arlon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Athénée royal d'Arlon (page does not exist)">Athénée royal d'Arlon</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Li%C3%A8ge" title="University of Liège">University of Liège</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Thesis" title="Thesis">Thesis</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=c84N5NBfd80C">'<b>Caton l'ancien, étude biographique'</b></a> (1872)</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Academic work</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Discipline</th><td class="infobox-data">History</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Sub-discipline</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Belgium" title="History of Belgium">History of Belgium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Medieval_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval Europe">Medieval Europe</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Institutions</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_Li%C3%A8ge" title="University of Liège">University of Liège</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Notable students</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Henri_Pirenne" title="Henri Pirenne">Henri Pirenne</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Main interests</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Merovingian_dynasty" title="Merovingian dynasty">Merovingian dynasty</a>, History of <a href="/wiki/Li%C3%A8ge" title="Liège">Liège</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Notable works</th><td class="infobox-data"><i>Les Origines de la civilisation moderne</i> (1886)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Godefroid Kurth</b> (1847–1916) was a Belgian historian and pioneering <a href="/wiki/Christian_democrat" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian democrat">Christian democrat</a>. He is known for his histories of the city of <a href="/wiki/Li%C3%A8ge" title="Liège">Liège</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a> and of <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, his <a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a> account of the formation of modern <a href="/wiki/Europe" title="Europe">Europe</a> in <i>Les Origines de la civilisation moderne</i>, and his defence of the <a href="/wiki/Medieval" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval">medieval</a> <a href="/wiki/Guild" title="Guild">guild</a> system.<sup id="cite_ref-Gerin_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gerin-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Godefroid_Kurth&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Early life</dt></dl> <p>Godefroid Kurth was born on 11 May 1847 in <a href="/wiki/Arlon" title="Arlon">Arlon</a>, the capital of the Belgian <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_(Belgium)" title="Luxembourg (Belgium)">province of Luxembourg</a>. His father, a former soldier from <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a> who was naturalized as a Belgian in 1842, became a police commissioner in Arlon but died in 1850.<sup id="cite_ref-Gerin_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gerin-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The family spoke Luxembourgish at home, and he learned French in primary school. He was educated at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ath%C3%A9n%C3%A9e_royal_d%27Arlon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Athénée royal d'Arlon (page does not exist)">Athénée royal d'Arlon</a> and the Liège <a href="/wiki/Normal_school" title="Normal school">Normal school</a>, where he completed his studies in 1869.<sup id="cite_ref-Pirenne_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pirenne-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That same year he was appointed French master at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ath%C3%A9n%C3%A9e_royal_de_Li%C3%A8ge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Athénée royal de Liège (page does not exist)">Athénée royal de Liège</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-destree_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-destree-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Academic career</dt></dl> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Buste_de_Godefroid_Kurth.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Buste_de_Godefroid_Kurth.jpg/220px-Buste_de_Godefroid_Kurth.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="367" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Buste_de_Godefroid_Kurth.jpg/330px-Buste_de_Godefroid_Kurth.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Buste_de_Godefroid_Kurth.jpg/440px-Buste_de_Godefroid_Kurth.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1228" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Monument in <a href="/wiki/Arlon" title="Arlon">Arlon</a> </figcaption></figure> <p>In 1873, Kurth became the first person to be awarded the "special doctorate in historical sciences", for a dissertation on <a href="/wiki/Cato_the_Elder" title="Cato the Elder">Cato the Elder</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Pirenne_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pirenne-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The same year, he became chair of Medieval History and Belgian History at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Li%C3%A8ge" title="University of Liège">University of Liège</a>. One of his students, <a href="/wiki/Henri_Pirenne" title="Henri Pirenne">Henri Pirenne</a>, became a noted historian. <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on-Ernest_Halkin" title="Léon-Ernest Halkin">Léon-Ernest Halkin</a> considered them the founders of the scientific method of history in Belgium. Kurth modeled his pedagogy on that instituted by the German historian <a href="/wiki/Leopold_von_Ranke" title="Leopold von Ranke">Leopold von Ranke</a> at the University of Berlin. On 7 May 1894 he was elected a member of the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Academy_of_Science,_Letters_and_Fine_Arts_of_Belgium" title="Royal Academy of Science, Letters and Fine Arts of Belgium">Royal Academy of Science, Letters and Fine Arts of Belgium</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was a member of the committee that organized the Exposition de l'art ancien au Pays de Liège for the <a href="/wiki/Li%C3%A8ge_International_(1905)" class="mw-redirect" title="Liège International (1905)">1905 International exposition in Liège</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1906, Kurth was promoted to emeritus status and left the university to take up the position of director of the <a href="/wiki/Belgian_Historical_Institute_in_Rome" title="Belgian Historical Institute in Rome">Belgian Historical Institute in Rome</a>. In 1908, a <a href="/wiki/Festschrift" title="Festschrift">Festschrift</a> was published in his honor, <i>Mélanges Godefriod Kurth</i> (Université de Liège, 1908).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Halkin said of him, "Godefroid Kurth [was] the last of the romantic historians and the first of the 'technical' historians in Belgium."<sup id="cite_ref-Kupper_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kupper-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Political and social thought</dt></dl> <p>In Liège, Kurth encountered difficulties because of his strongly held Catholic views, which were considered <a href="/wiki/Ultramontane" class="mw-redirect" title="Ultramontane">ultramontane</a> by his contemporaries. He was an active member of the <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Saint_Vincent_de_Paul" title="Society of Saint Vincent de Paul">Society of Saint Vincent de Paul</a>. In 1873, he was elected president of the <i>Cercle catholique de l'Est</i>, one of the predecessor bodies to the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Party_(Belgium)" title="Catholic Party (Belgium)">Catholic Party</a>, which Kurth played a role in founding. He was also a pioneer of <a href="/wiki/Christian_democracy" title="Christian democracy">Christian democracy</a>, helping organize the Social Congresses held in Liège in 1886, 1887, and 1890 that gave shape to <a href="/wiki/Catholic_social_teaching" title="Catholic social teaching">Catholic social teaching</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gerin_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gerin-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His study of the medieval guild system brought an increased appreciation for the principles of charity, brotherhood, and justice.<sup id="cite_ref-Kupper_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kupper-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Published in 1886, <i>Les Origines de la civilisation moderne</i> brought him an international reputation but was controversial in drawing a direct connection between the "civilizing principle" of Christianity and the development of modern civilization.<sup id="cite_ref-Kupper_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kupper-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dt>Death</dt></dl> <p>Kurth, who had strong links with the German <a href="/wiki/Centre_Party_(Germany)" title="Centre Party (Germany)">Centre Party</a> and with German colleagues, was repulsed by the <a href="/wiki/German_invasion_of_Belgium_(1914)" title="German invasion of Belgium (1914)">German invasion of Belgium</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Rape_of_Belgium" title="Rape of Belgium">accompanying atrocities</a>. Over the summer and autumn of 1915, he gathered testimony of the atrocities, including the killings at <a href="/wiki/Aarschot" title="Aarschot">Aarschot</a>, but was placed in detention by the Germans in an unheated location. He contracted pneumonia and died at <a href="/wiki/Asse" title="Asse">Asse</a> on 4 January 1916.<sup id="cite_ref-Gerin_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gerin-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was provisionally buried in Asse, and later exhumed and reburied in Arlon at <a href="/wiki/St_Martin%27s_Church,_Arlon" title="St Martin's Church, Arlon">St Martin's Church</a>. There are streets named after him in both Arlon, Asse and Liège. </p><p>His work on the atrocities was published posthumously as <i>Le Guet-apens prussien en Belgique</i> ("The Prussian Ambush in Belgium"). Cardinal <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9sir%C3%A9-Joseph_Mercier" title="Désiré-Joseph Mercier">Désiré-Joseph Mercier</a> wrote in the preface that Kurth, whose family origins were German, was "overwhelmed by the invasion, its iniquity, its atrocities, its sham". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Honours_and_awards">Honours and awards</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Godefroid_Kurth&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Honours and awards"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Prix quinquennal des Sciences historiques (1891)</li> <li>Commander in the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_St_Gregory_the_Great" class="mw-redirect" title="Order of St Gregory the Great">Order of St Gregory the Great</a> (1906)</li> <li>Commander in the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Leopold_(Belgium)" title="Order of Leopold (Belgium)">Order of Leopold</a> (1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honorary_Doctorate" class="mw-redirect" title="Honorary Doctorate">Honorary Doctorate</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_University_of_Leuven_(1834%E2%80%931968)" title="Catholic University of Leuven (1834–1968)">Catholic University of Leuven</a> (1912)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Godefroid_Kurth&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Godefroid Kurth wrote over 500 books and journal articles, including contributions to the <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. His "style is consciously literary, lively, and flamboyant. However, Kurth's version of history is notably technical, founded on rigorous principles of <a href="/wiki/Historical_criticism" title="Historical criticism">historical criticism</a>, extensive mastery of <a href="/wiki/Philology" title="Philology">philology</a> and profound knowledge of the sources and other works."<sup id="cite_ref-Kupper_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kupper-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His <i>Clovis</i> (1895), <i>Notger de Liège</i> (1905),<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <i>La cité de Liège au Moyen-âge</i> (1909–1910) remain indispensable reference works. </p> <dl><dt>Books</dt></dl> <ul><li><i>Caton l'ancien, étude biographique</i> (Bruges, Daveluy, 1872), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=c84N5NBfd80C">online</a></li> <li><i>Analectes pour servir à l’histoire d’Arlon</i> (Arlon, Institut archéologique du Luxembourg, 1880)</li> <li><i>Les origines de la ville de Liège</i> (Liège, L. Grandmont-Danders, 1883)</li> <li><i>Les Origines de la civilisation moderne</i> (Louvain, Ch. Peeters, 1886), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6547260n">online</a></li> <li><i>Histoire poétique des Mérovingiens</i> (Brussels, Société belge de librairie, 1893), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k85959z">online</a></li> <li><i>La Frontière linguistique en Belgique et dans le nord de la France</i> (Brussels, Société belge de librairie, 1896)</li> <li><i>Das deutsche Belgien und der Deutsche Verein</i> (Arlon and Aubel, Willems, 1896)</li> <li><i>Clovis, le fondateur</i> (Paris, Éditions Tallandier, 1896; reprinted 2000, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2235022669" title="Special:BookSources/2235022669">2235022669</a>) <ul><li><i>Clovis</i> (Tours, Alfred Mame et Fils, 1906), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/cloviskurt00kurt">online</a></li></ul></li> <li><i>L'Église aux tournants de l'histoire</i> (Brussels, Société belge de librairie, 1900)</li> <li><i>Saint Boniface</i> (Paris, Lecoffre, 1902), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/saintboniface68000kurtuoft#page/n5/mode/2up">online</a></li> <li><i>Notger de Liège et la civilisation au Xe siècle</i> (Paris, Brussels and Liège, A. Picard, O. Schepens, and L. Demarteau, 1905), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/notgerdeligeetl00kurtgoog">online</a></li> <li><i>La Cité de Liège au Moyen-Âge</i> (3 vols., Liège, Dewit, Cormaux et Demarteau, 1909–1910), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/lacitdeligeaumoy01kurt">vol. 1</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/lacitdeligea02kurtuoft">vol. 2</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/lacitdeligea03kurtuoft">vol. 3</a></li> <li><i>Etude critique sur Jean d'Outremeuse</i> (Mémoires de l'Académie royale de Belgique, Classe des Lettres et des Sciences Morales et Politiques, 7; Brussels, 1910), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://orbi.ulg.ac.be/handle/2268/90966">online</a></li> <li><i>Histoire des croix miraculeuses d’Assche</i> (Asse, Imprimerie Frans Van Achter, 1912)</li> <li><i>Mizraim, souvenirs d'Égypte</i> (Albert Dewit, 1912), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6208904x">online</a></li> <li><i>La Nationalité belge</i> (Namur, Picard-Balon, 1913), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://orbi.ulg.ac.be/bitstream/2268/90839/1/NationaliteBelge.pdf">online</a></li> <li><i>Études franques</i> (2 vols., Paris and Brussels, Honoré Champion and Albert Dewitte, 1919), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k201504q">vol. 1</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k2015053">vol. 2</a></li> <li><i>Le Guet-apens prussien en Belgique</i> (Paris, H. Champion, 1919)</li> <li><i>La chronique de Jean de Hocsem</i> (Brussels, Kiessling, 1927), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://orbi.ulg.ac.be/handle/2268/90817">online</a></li></ul> <dl><dt>Articles, lectures and pamphlets</dt></dl> <ul><li>"Notice sur un manuscrit d'Hariger et d'Anselme, conservé à l'abbaye d'Averbode", <i><a href="/wiki/Commission_royale_d%27Histoire" title="Commission royale d'Histoire">Bulletin de la Commission royale d'Histoire</a></i>, 4th series, vol. 2 (1875), pp. 377–394, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://orbi.ulg.ac.be/bitstream/2268/90984/1/Hariger.pdf">online</a></li> <li>"Saint Grégoire de Tours et les études classiques au VIe siècle", <i>Revue des questions historiques</i>, 24 (1878), pp. 586–593, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k169421/f586.image">online</a></li> <li>"La Loi de Beaumont en Belgique", <i>Mémoires couronnés et autres mémoires</i>, 31 (1881), pp. 769–790, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://orbi.ulg.ac.be/bitstream/2268/90783/1/Beaumont.pdf">online</a></li> <li>"Une biographie de l'évêque Notger au XIIe siècle", <i>Bulletin de la Commission royale d'Histoire</i>, 4th series, vol. 17 (1891), pp. 3–60 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://orbi.ulg.ac.be/bitstream/2268/90793/1/Notger.pdf">online</a></li> <li><i>La lèpre en Occident avant les Croisades</i> (Paris, Alphonse Picard, 1891), a lecture delivered to the Congrès scientifique international des catholiques, held in Paris, April, 1891, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://orbi.ulg.ac.be/bitstream/2268/90986/1/LepreOccident.pdf">online</a></li> <li><i>Les Corporations ouvrières au moyen-âge</i> (Brussels, Société belge de librairie, 1893)</li> <li><i>Qu’est-ce que le moyen âge?</i> lecture to the <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic Congress">Congrès international des catholiques</a> in Fribourg, 19 August 1897, <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikisource.org/wiki/Qu%E2%80%99est-ce_que_le_moyen_%C3%A2ge_%3F">online</a></li> <li>"Les Nationalités en Auvergne au VIe siècle", <i>Bulletins de l'Académie Royale des Sciences, des Lettres et des Beaux-Arts de Belgique</i>, 4 (1900), pp. 224–242, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://orbi.ulg.ac.be/bitstream/2268/90838/1/NationaliteAuvergne.pdf">online</a></li> <li>"Les Ducs et les comtes d'Auvergne au VIe siècle", <i>Revue d'Auvergne</i>, September 1900</li> <li>"Comment Philippe II travaillait", in <i>Mélanges Paul Frédéricq : hommage de la société pour le progrès des études philologiques et historiques</i> (Brussels, H. Lamertin, 1904), pp. 289–293, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2268/90955">online</a>, contribution to the <a href="/wiki/Festschrift" title="Festschrift">Festschrift</a> for <a href="/wiki/Paul_Fredericq" title="Paul Fredericq">Paul Fredericq</a>.</li> <li>"Les origines de la Commune de Liège", <i>Bulletin de l'institut archéologique liégeois</i>, 35 (1905), pp. 229–324 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/bulletindelinsti35inst#page/229/mode/1up">online</a></li> <li>"Ce que demandent les Allemands", <i><a href="/wiki/Le_Vingti%C3%A8me_Si%C3%A8cle" title="Le Vingtième Siècle">Le Vingtième Siècle</a></i>, 1906</li> <li>"Recherche sur l'origine des paroisses de Liège", <i>Bulletin de la Société d'art et d'histoire du diocèse de Liège</i>, 16 (1907), pp. 227–251, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/bulletindelasoc11ligoog">online</a></li> <li>"Notre nom national", <i>Bulletin de la Commission Royale d'Histoire</i>, 78 (1909), pp. CII-CXXII, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2268/90842">online</a></li> <li>Preface to <a href="/wiki/Marie_de_Villermont" title="Marie de Villermont">Marie de Villermont</a>, <i>L'Infante Isabelle: Gouvernante des Pays-Bas</i> (Tamines and Paris, 1912) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2268/90972">online</a></li> <li>"L'édit de Milan (313)", <i>Revue sociale catholique</i>, 17 (1912), pp. 65–73, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2268/90785">online</a></li> <li>"Etude critique sur la vie de Sainte Geneviève", <i><a href="/wiki/Revue_d%27Histoire_Eccl%C3%A9siastique" class="mw-redirect" title="Revue d'Histoire Ecclésiastique">Revue d'Histoire Ecclésiastique</a></i> 14 (1913), pp. 5–80, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2268/90804">online</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Godefroid_Kurth&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Gerin-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gerin_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gerin_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gerin_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gerin_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Paul Gérin, "Kurth, Godefroid", <i><a href="/wiki/Nouvelle_Biographie_Nationale" class="mw-redirect" title="Nouvelle Biographie Nationale">Nouvelle Biographie Nationale</a></i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.academieroyale.be/academie/documents/FichierPDFNouvelleBiographieNational2110.pdf">vol. 8</a> (Brussels, 2005), 212–219.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pirenne-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pirenne_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pirenne_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Henri Pirenne, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.academieroyale.be/academie/documents/KURTHGodefroidARB_19248745.pdf">Notice sur Godefroid Kurth</a>, <i>Annuaire de l'Académie royale belge</i>, 1924, pp. 192–261.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-destree-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-destree_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wallonie-en-ligne.net/1995_Cent_Wallons/Kurth_Godefroid.htm">Godefroid Kurth</a>, <i>Cent Wallons du siècle </i> (A Hundred Walloons of the Century), Institut Jules Destrée, 1995. Accessed 21 June 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://academieroyale.be/n6542">Godefroid Joseph François Kurth</a>, website of the Royal Academy of Belgium. Accessed 24 June 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdl.handle.net/2268/90967">Preliminary matter</a>, in <i>Exposition de l'art ancien au pays de Liège : catalogue général</i> (Liège, Aug. Bénard, 1905).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/mlangesgodefro02univ">Available online</a> through the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>. Accessed 24 June 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kupper-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kupper_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kupper_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kupper_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kupper_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Quoted in Jean-Louis Kupper, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.journalbelgianhistory.be/en/system/files/article_pdf/07_kupper.pdf">Godefroid Kurth and Henri Pirenne: An improbable friendship</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Belgian_History" title="Journal of Belgian History">Journal of Belgian History</a></i>, 41:3–4 (2011), pp. 411–426.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKurth1905" class="citation book cs1">Kurth, Godefroid (1905). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/notgerdeligeet01kurtuoft"><i>Notger de Liège et la civilisation au 10e siècle</i></a>. Robarts - University of Toronto. Paris A. Picard.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Notger+de+Li%C3%A8ge+et+la+civilisation+au+10e+si%C3%A8cle&rft.pub=Paris+A.+Picard&rft.date=1905&rft.aulast=Kurth&rft.aufirst=Godefroid&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnotgerdeligeet01kurtuoft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGodefroid+Kurth" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Godefroid_Kurth&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070927215354/http://www.servicedulivre.be/fiches/k/kurth.htm">Biography and bibliography</a> (in <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>)</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/57px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/76px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikisource" title="Wikisource">Wikisource</a> has original works by or about:<br /><b style="text-align: center;"><i><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Author:Godefroid_Kurth" class="extiw" title="s:Author:Godefroid Kurth">Godefroid Kurth</a></i></b></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/69182/pg69182-images.html"><i>Clovis</i></a> at Project Gutenberg (in <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a>)</li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000120213183">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/14772041">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/147562/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJvcXdVpXD9Bg3BpbywQv3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/117555312">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n85010874">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11910191g">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11910191g">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Kurth, Godefroid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/IEIV122095">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35866593">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=pna2013800035&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1266720">Spain</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1285776">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/201161">Portugal</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p068392060">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000086887&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=143861">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810582544205606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/131314">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007389063805171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14127404">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA02109678?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1122662">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd117555312.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/117555312">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/026955210">IdRef</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Godefroid_Kurth&oldid=1257836759">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Godefroid_Kurth&oldid=1257836759</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div 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