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</a> <ul id="toc-Adoption-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul 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Available in 15 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%81%D9%84%D8%AA" title="سفلت – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سفلت" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svelte" title="Svelte – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Svelte" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svelte_(Framework)" title="Svelte (Framework) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Svelte (Framework)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svelte" title="Svelte – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Svelte" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%84%D8%AA" title="سولت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سولت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svelte" title="Svelte – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Svelte" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%86%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D" title="സ്വെൽറ്റ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സ്വെൽറ്റ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svelte" title="Svelte – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Svelte" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svelte" title="Svelte – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Svelte" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svelte" title="Svelte – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Svelte" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svelte" title="Svelte – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Svelte" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svelte" title="Svelte – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Svelte" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svelte.js" title="Svelte.js – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Svelte.js" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svelte" title="Svelte – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="Svelte" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li 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free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">JavaScript framework</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a definition of the term "svelte", see the Wiktionary entry <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/svelte" class="extiw" title="wikt:svelte">svelte</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">Svelte</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Svelte_Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Svelte_Logo.svg/250px-Svelte_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="265" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Svelte_Logo.svg/330px-Svelte_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Svelte_Logo.svg/500px-Svelte_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="616" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">Original author(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Rich Harris</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">The Svelte contributors. Key contributors include Rich Harris, Alan Faubert, Tan Li Hau, Ben McCann, and Simon Holthausen</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data">26 November 2016<span class="noprint">; 8 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">26 November 2016</span>)</span></td></tr><tr style="display: none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Stable release</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="margin:0px;">5.0.0<sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-9d8bc92f0b55adf8de995d8f8c3896e3204acd58-v18_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-9d8bc92f0b55adf8de995d8f8c3896e3204acd58-v18-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16863097?uselang=en#P348" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> / 19 October 2024<span class="noprint">; 4 months ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">19 October 2024</span>)</span></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Repository_(version_control)" title="Repository (version control)">Repository</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/sveltejs/svelte">github<wbr />.com<wbr />/sveltejs<wbr />/svelte</a></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16863097#P1324" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Written in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a>, <a href="/wiki/TypeScript" title="TypeScript">TypeScript</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16863097?uselang=en#P277" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Computing_platform" title="Computing platform">Platform</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Web_platform" title="Web platform">Web platform</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_categories#Categorization_approaches" title="Software categories">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Web_framework" title="Web framework">Web framework</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/MIT_License" title="MIT License">MIT License</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://svelte.dev/">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16863097#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Svelte</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Free_and_open-source" class="mw-redirect" title="Free and open-source">free and open-source</a> <a href="/wiki/Component-based_software_engineering" title="Component-based software engineering">component-based</a> <a href="/wiki/Front_end_and_back_end" class="mw-redirect" title="Front end and back end">front-end</a> <a href="/wiki/Software_framework" title="Software framework">software framework</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-rethinking-reactivity_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rethinking-reactivity-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and language<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> created by Rich Harris and maintained by the Svelte core team members.<sup id="cite_ref-infoworld_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-infoworld-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Svelte is not a monolithic <a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a> library imported by applications: instead, Svelte <a href="/wiki/Compiler" title="Compiler">compiles</a> HTML templates to specialized code that manipulates the <a href="/wiki/Document_Object_Model" title="Document Object Model">DOM</a> directly, which may reduce the size of transferred files and give better client performance.<sup id="cite_ref-react-etc_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-react-etc-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Application code is also processed by the compiler, inserting calls to automatically recompute data<sup id="cite_ref-rethinking-reactivity_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rethinking-reactivity-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and re-render UI elements when the data they depend on is modified.<sup id="cite_ref-infoq_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-infoq-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This also avoids the overhead associated with runtime intermediate representations, such as <a href="/wiki/Virtual_DOM" title="Virtual DOM">virtual DOM</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-pure-overhead_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pure-overhead-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> unlike traditional frameworks (such as <a href="/wiki/React_(JavaScript_library)" class="mw-redirect" title="React (JavaScript library)">React</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vue.js" title="Vue.js">Vue</a>) which carry out the bulk of their work at runtime, <i>i.e.</i> in the browser.<sup id="cite_ref-react-etc_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-react-etc-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-infoq_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-infoq-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-infoworld_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-infoworld-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-github_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-github-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rethinking-reactivity_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rethinking-reactivity-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pure-overhead_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pure-overhead-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The compiler itself is written in <a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-jsdoc-conversion_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jsdoc-conversion-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-github_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-github-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its <a href="/wiki/Source_code" title="Source code">source code</a> is licensed under <a href="/wiki/MIT_License" title="MIT License">MIT License</a> and hosted on <a href="/wiki/GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-github_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-github-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among comparable frontend libraries, Svelte has one of the smallest bundle footprints at merely 2KB.<sup id="cite_ref-bundle_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bundle-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Svelte&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The predecessor of Svelte is Ractive.js, which Rich Harris created in 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Version 1 of Svelte was written in <a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a> and was released on 29 November 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The name Svelte was chosen by Rich Harris and his coworkers at <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Version 2 of Svelte was released on 19 April 2018. It set out to correct what the maintainers viewed as mistakes in the earlier version such as replacing double curly braces with single curly braces.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Version 3 of Svelte was written in <a href="/wiki/TypeScript" title="TypeScript">TypeScript</a> and was released on 21 April 2019. It rethought reactivity by using the compiler to instrument assignments behind the scenes.<sup id="cite_ref-rethinking-reactivity_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rethinking-reactivity-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The SvelteKit web framework was announced in October 2020 and entered beta in March 2021.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> SvelteKit 1.0 was released in December 2022 after two years in development.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Version 4 of Svelte was released on 22 June 2023. It was a maintenance release, smaller and faster than version 3.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A part of this release was an internal rewrite from TypeScript back to JavaScript, with <a href="/wiki/JSDoc" title="JSDoc">JSDoc</a> annotations.<sup id="cite_ref-jsdoc-conversion_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jsdoc-conversion-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was met with a confusion from the developer community, which was addressed by the creator of Svelte, Rich Harris.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Version 5 of Svelte was released on October 19, 2024 at Svelte Summit Fall 2024 with Rich Harris cutting the release live while joined by the other Svelte maintainers. Svelte 5 was a ground-up rewrite of Svelte, changing core concepts such as reactivity and reusability.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its primary feature, <i>runes</i>, reworked how reactive state is declared and used. Runes are function-like macros that are used to declare a reactive state, or code that uses reactive states. These runes are used by the compiler to indicate values that may change and are depended on by other states or the DOM.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Svelte 5 also introduces Snippets, which are reusable "snippets" of code that are defined once and can be reused anywhere else in the component.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Svelte 5 was initially met with controversy due to its many changes, and thus deprecations caused primarily by runes.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, most of this has subsided since the initial announcement of runes, and the further refining of Svelte 5. </p><p>Also at Svelte Summit Fall 2024, Ben McCann announced the Svelte CLI under the sv package name on npm.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Key early contributors to Svelte became involved with Conduitry joining with the release of Svelte 1, Tan Li Hau joining in 2019, and Ben McCann joining in 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rich Harris and Simon Holthausen joined <a href="/wiki/Vercel" title="Vercel">Vercel</a> to work on Svelte fulltime in 2022.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dominic Gannaway joined Vercel from the React core team to work on Svelte fulltime in 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Syntax">Syntax</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Svelte&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Syntax"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Svelte applications and components are defined in <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">.svelte</code> files, which are <a href="/wiki/HTML" title="HTML">HTML</a> files extended with templating syntax that is based on JavaScript and is similar to <a href="/wiki/JSX_(JavaScript)" title="JSX (JavaScript)">JSX</a>. </p><p> Svelte's core features are accessed through runes, which syntactically look like functions, but are used as <a href="/wiki/Macro_(computer_science)" title="Macro (computer science)">macros</a> by the compiler. These runes include:</p><ul> <li>The <code>$state</code> rune, used for declaring a reactive state value</li> <li>The <code>$derived</code> rune, used for declaring reactive state <i>derived</i> from one or more states </li><li>The <code>$effect</code> rune, used for declaring code that reruns whenever its dependencies change </li></ul> <p>Additionally, the <code>{ <var style="padding-right: 1px;">JavaScript code</var> }</code> syntax can be used for templating in HTML elements and components,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> similar to template literals in JavaScript. This syntax can also be used in element attributes for uses such as two-way data binding, event listeners, and <a href="/wiki/CSS" title="CSS">CSS</a> styling. A <a href="/wiki/To-do" class="mw-redirect" title="To-do">Todo List</a> example made in Svelte is below: </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-html mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span><span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">script</span><span class="p">></span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">todos</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">$state</span><span class="p">([]);</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">input</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">$state</span><span class="p">();</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">all</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">$derived</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">todos</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">length</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">let</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">done</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">$derived</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">todos</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">filter</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">todo</span><span class="p">=></span><span class="nx">todo</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">done</span><span class="p">).</span><span class="nx">length</span><span class="p">);</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="kd">function</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">handleKey</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">e</span><span class="p">){</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="k">if</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="nx">e</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">key</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">===</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s2">"Enter"</span><span class="p">){</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">todos</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">push</span><span class="p">({</span><span class="nx">text</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="nx">input</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">value</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="nx">done</span><span class="o">:</span><span class="kc">false</span><span class="p">});</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="nx">input</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="nx">value</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="o">=</span><span class="w"> </span><span class="s1">''</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span> <span class="w"> </span><span class="p">}</span> <span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">script</span><span class="p">></span> <span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">span</span> <span class="na">style:font-size</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"20px"</span> <span class="na">style:font-weight</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"bold"</span><span class="p">></span>Todo List<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">span</span><span class="p">></span> {done}/{all}<span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">br</span><span class="p">></span> {#each todos as {text,done},index} <span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">input</span> <span class="na">type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"checkbox"</span> <span class="na">bind:checked</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">{todos[index].done}</span> <span class="na">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">{text}/</span><span class="p">></span> <span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">label</span> <span class="na">for</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">{text}</span> <span class="na">style:text-decoration-line</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">{done?"line-through":""}</span><span class="p">></span>{text}<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">label</span><span class="p">></span> <span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">br</span><span class="p">></span> {/each} <span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">br</span><span class="p">></span> <span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">label</span> <span class="na">for</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"input"</span><span class="p">></span>Add todo<span class="p"></</span><span class="nt">label</span><span class="p">></span> <span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">br</span><span class="p">></span> <span class="p"><</span><span class="nt">input</span> <span class="na">type</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"text"</span> <span class="na">name</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">"input"</span> <span class="na">bind:this</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">{input}</span> <span class="na">onkeypress</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="s">{handleKey}/</span><span class="p">></span> </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Associated_projects">Associated projects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Svelte&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Associated projects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="SvelteKit"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></p><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">SvelteKit</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated"></span>)</span></td></tr><tr style="display: none;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Stable release</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="margin:0px;">1.15.5<sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-9bc436348e4630889cd8696d51525d5d07955644-v18_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-9bc436348e4630889cd8696d51525d5d07955644-v18-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-ed8f54cb3a61d22822751bc1eb1a04366c23b47a-v18_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-ed8f54cb3a61d22822751bc1eb1a04366c23b47a-v18-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106156162?uselang=en#P348" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span> / 13 April 2023<span class="noprint">; 23 months ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">13 April 2023</span>)</span></div></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Repository_(version_control)" title="Repository (version control)">Repository</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://github.com/sveltejs/kit">https://github.com/sveltejs/kit</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106156162?uselang=en#P1324" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Written in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a>, <a href="/wiki/TypeScript" title="TypeScript">TypeScript</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Svelte</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106156162?uselang=en#P277" title="Edit this on Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this on Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Computing_platform" title="Computing platform">Platform</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Web_platform" title="Web platform">Web platform</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_categories#Categorization_approaches" title="Software categories">Type</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Web_framework" title="Web framework">Web framework</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_license" title="Software license">License</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/MIT_License" title="MIT License">MIT License</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://svelte.dev/docs/kit">svelte<wbr />.dev<wbr />/docs<wbr />/kit</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The Svelte maintainers created SvelteKit as the official way to build projects with Svelte. It is a <a href="/wiki/Next.js" title="Next.js">Next.js</a>-style framework that dramatically reduces the amount of code that gets sent to the browser. The maintainers had previously created Sapper, which was the predecessor of SvelteKit.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Svelte maintainers also maintain a number of integrations for popular software projects under the Svelte organization including integrations for <a href="/wiki/Vite_(software)" title="Vite (software)">Vite</a>, Rollup, <a href="/wiki/Webpack" title="Webpack">Webpack</a>, TypeScript, <a href="/wiki/Visual_Studio_Code" title="Visual Studio Code">VS Code</a>, Chrome Developer Tools, <a href="/wiki/ESLint" title="ESLint">ESLint</a>, and Prettier.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A number of external projects such as Storybook have also created integrations with Svelte and SvelteKit. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influence">Influence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Svelte&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Influence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Vue.js" title="Vue.js">Vue.js</a> modeled its API and single-file components after Ractive.js, the predecessor of Svelte.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Adoption">Adoption</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Svelte&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Adoption"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Svelte is widely praised by developers. Taking the top ranking in multiple large scale developer surveys, it was chosen as the <a href="/wiki/Stack_Overflow" title="Stack Overflow">Stack Overflow</a> 2021 most loved web framework and 2020 State of JS frontend framework with the most satisfied developers.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Svelte has been adopted by a number of high-profile web companies including <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Apple_Inc." title="Apple Inc.">Apple</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spotify" title="Spotify">Spotify</a>, <a href="/wiki/Radio_France" title="Radio France">Radio France (French national public radio broadcaster)</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Square,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Square, Inc.">Square</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yahoo!" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo!">Yahoo</a>, <a href="/wiki/ByteDance" title="ByteDance">ByteDance</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rakuten" title="Rakuten">Rakuten</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bloomberg_L.P." title="Bloomberg L.P.">Bloomberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>, <a href="/wiki/IKEA" title="IKEA">Ikea</a>, <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://frontpopulaire-2024.fr/">FrontPopulaire-2024</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brave_(web_browser)" title="Brave (web browser)">Brave</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A community group of non-maintainers, known as the Svelte Society, run the Svelte Summit conference, write a Svelte newsletter, host a Svelte podcast, and host a directory of Svelte tooling, components, and templates.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Svelte&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output 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title="Comparison of JavaScript frameworks">Comparison of JavaScript frameworks</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Svelte&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns 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.citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/sveltejs/svelte/releases/tag/svelte%405.0.0">https://github.com/sveltejs/svelte/releases/tag/svelte%405.0.0</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fsveltejs%2Fsvelte%2Freleases%2Ftag%2Fsvelte%25405.0.0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvelte" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Missing or empty <code class="cs1-code">|title=</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#citation_missing_title" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rethinking-reactivity-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rethinking-reactivity_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rethinking-reactivity_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rethinking-reactivity_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rethinking-reactivity_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFRich_Harris2019" class="citation web cs1">Rich Harris (2019-04-22). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://svelte.dev/blog/svelte-3-rethinking-reactivity">"Svelte 3: Rethinking reactivity"</a>. <i>svelte.dev</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-08-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=svelte.dev&rft.atitle=Svelte+3%3A+Rethinking+reactivity&rft.date=2019-04-22&rft.au=Rich+Harris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsvelte.dev%2Fblog%2Fsvelte-3-rethinking-reactivity&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvelte" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHarris2018" class="citation web cs1">Harris, Rich (2018-11-26). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gist.github.com/Rich-Harris/0f910048478c2a6505d1c32185b61934">"The truth about Svelte"</a>. <i>GitHub Gist</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-06-10</span></span>. <q>By the way, Vue's syntax has been influenced by Ractive.js, a direct predecessor of Svelte.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ValueLogic&rft.atitle=About+the+Svelte+JavaScript+framework&rft.date=2020-11-19&rft.au=%C5%9Awistak%2C+Tomasz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvaluelogic.one%2Fblog%2Fthe-rise-of-the-svelte-javascript-framework%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASvelte" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kMlkCYL9qo0">"Svelte Origins: A JavaScript Documentary"</a>. <i>YouTube</i>. 21 June 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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title="Zope">Zope 2</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Category:Python_(programming_language)_web_frameworks" title="Category:Python (programming language) web frameworks">more</a></i>...</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ruby_(programming_language)" title="Ruby (programming language)">Ruby</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Merb" title="Merb">Merb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padrino_(web_framework)" title="Padrino (web framework)">Padrino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruby_on_Rails" title="Ruby on Rails">Ruby on Rails</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinatra_(software)" title="Sinatra (software)">Sinatra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rust_(programming_language)" title="Rust (programming language)">Rust</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rocket_(web_framework)" title="Rocket (web framework)">Rocket</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Scala_(programming_language)" title="Scala (programming language)">Scala</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lift_(web_framework)" title="Lift (web framework)">Lift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Play_Framework" title="Play Framework">Play</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scalatra" title="Scalatra">Scalatra</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Smalltalk" title="Smalltalk">Smalltalk</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AIDA/Web" title="AIDA/Web">AIDA/Web</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seaside_(software)" title="Seaside (software)">Seaside</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oracle_Application_Express" title="Oracle Application Express">Application Express</a> (<a href="/wiki/PL/SQL" title="PL/SQL">PL/SQL</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grails_(framework)" title="Grails (framework)">Grails</a> (<a href="/wiki/Groovy_(programming_language)" class="mw-redirect" title="Groovy (programming language)">Groovy</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenACS" class="mw-redirect" title="OpenACS">OpenACS</a> (<a href="/wiki/Tcl" title="Tcl">Tcl</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_(web_framework)" title="Phoenix (web framework)">Phoenix</a> (<a href="/wiki/Elixir_(programming_language)" title="Elixir (programming language)">Elixir</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiny_(web_framework)" title="Shiny (web framework)">Shiny (web framework)</a> (<a href="/wiki/R_(programming_language)" title="R (programming language)">R</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/SproutCore" title="SproutCore">SproutCore</a> (<a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a>-<a href="/wiki/Ruby_(programming_language)" title="Ruby (programming language)">Ruby</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaws_(web_server)" title="Yaws (web server)">Yaws</a> (<a href="/wiki/Erlang_(programming_language)" title="Erlang (programming language)">Erlang</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="ECMAScript564" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:ECMAScript" title="Template:ECMAScript"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:ECMAScript" title="Template talk:ECMAScript"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:ECMAScript" title="Special:EditPage/Template:ECMAScript"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="ECMAScript564" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/ECMAScript" title="ECMAScript">ECMAScript</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dialects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ActionScript" title="ActionScript">ActionScript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caja_project" title="Caja project">Caja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/JavaScript_engine" title="JavaScript engine">engines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asm.js" title="Asm.js">asm.js</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JScript" title="JScript">JScript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JScript_.NET" title="JScript .NET">JScript .NET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QtScript" title="QtScript">QtScript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TypeScript" title="TypeScript">TypeScript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WMLScript" title="WMLScript">WMLScript</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ECMAScript_engines" title="List of ECMAScript engines">Engines</a><br />(comparison)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presto_(layout_engine)#JavaScript_engines" class="mw-redirect" title="Presto (layout engine)">Carakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presto_(layout_engine)#JavaScript_engines" class="mw-redirect" title="Presto (layout engine)">Futhark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InScript_(JavaScript_engine)" title="InScript (JavaScript engine)">InScript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WebKit#JavaScriptCore" title="WebKit">JavaScriptCore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JScript" title="JScript">JScript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KJS_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="KJS (software)">KJS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presto_(layout_engine)#ECMAScript_engines" class="mw-redirect" title="Presto (layout engine)">Linear B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QtScript" title="QtScript">QtScript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhino_(JavaScript_engine)" title="Rhino (JavaScript engine)">Rhino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpiderMonkey" title="SpiderMonkey">SpiderMonkey</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/SpiderMonkey#TraceMonkey" title="SpiderMonkey">TraceMonkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SpiderMonkey#JägerMonkey" title="SpiderMonkey">JägerMonkey</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamarin_(software)" title="Tamarin (software)">Tamarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V8_(JavaScript_engine)" title="V8 (JavaScript engine)">V8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chakra_(JavaScript_engine)" title="Chakra (JavaScript engine)">ChakraCore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chakra_(JScript_engine)" title="Chakra (JScript engine)">Chakra</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JScript_.NET" title="JScript .NET">JScript .NET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashorn_(JavaScript_engine)" title="Nashorn (JavaScript engine)">Nashorn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Software_framework" title="Software framework">Frameworks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Client-side_JavaScript" class="mw-redirect" title="Client-side JavaScript">Client-side</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dojo_Toolkit" title="Dojo Toolkit">Dojo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Echo_(framework)" title="Echo (framework)">Echo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ext_JS" title="Ext JS">Ext JS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Web_Toolkit" title="Google Web Toolkit">Google Web Toolkit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JQuery" title="JQuery">jQuery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lively_Kernel" title="Lively Kernel">Lively Kernel</a></li> <li>midori</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MochiKit" title="MochiKit">MochiKit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MooTools" title="MooTools">MooTools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prototype_JavaScript_Framework" title="Prototype JavaScript Framework">Prototype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pyjs" title="Pyjs">Pyjs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qooxdoo" title="Qooxdoo">qooxdoo</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SproutCore" title="SproutCore">SproutCore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spry_framework" title="Spry framework">Spry</a></li> <li>Wakanda Framework</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Server-side_JavaScript" class="mw-redirect" title="Server-side JavaScript">Server-side</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Node.js" title="Node.js">Node.js</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deno_(software)" title="Deno (software)">Deno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bun_(software)" title="Bun (software)">Bun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaxer#Aptana_Jaxer" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaxer">Jaxer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AppJet" title="AppJet">AppJet</a></li> <li>WakandaDB</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Multiple</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Cappuccino</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/JavaScript_library" title="JavaScript library">Libraries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Backbone.js" title="Backbone.js">Backbone.js</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SWFObject" title="SWFObject">SWFObject</a></li> 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