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class="u-taCenter"></div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane active" id="all"><div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Papers" id="Papers"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Papers by Arturo Alvarez-Roldan</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="119849639"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/119849639/Differentiating_people_who_use_cannabis_heavily_through_latent_class_analysis"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Differentiating people who use cannabis heavily through latent class analysis" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/115175776/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/119849639/Differentiating_people_who_use_cannabis_heavily_through_latent_class_analysis">Differentiating people who use cannabis heavily through latent class analysis</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Background People who use cannabis daily or near-daily vary considerably in their daily dosage an...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Background People who use cannabis daily or near-daily vary considerably in their daily dosage and use frequency, impacting both experienced effects and adverse consequences. This study identified heavy cannabis user groups according to consumption patterns and factors associated with class membership. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of 380 Spanish residents (61.8% male; average age = 30.3 years) who had used cannabis ≥ 3 days/week throughout the past year. Participants were recruited through chain referral and cannabis social clubs. We applied latent class analysis (LCA) to cluster participants according to use intensity. LCA indicators included frequency of weekly cannabis use, joints smoked each day, cannabis dosage, and if cannabis was consumed throughout the day or only at specific times. Associations between class membership and socio-demographics, use patterns, motives, supply sources, adverse outcomes, and use of other substances were measured using ANOVA and ch...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="619ac57990223c083cf509a5919ccf13" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":115175776,"asset_id":119849639,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/115175776/download_file?st=MTczMzI3MDg5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="119849639"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="119849639"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 119849639; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=119849639]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=119849639]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 119849639; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='119849639']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 119849639, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "619ac57990223c083cf509a5919ccf13" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=119849639]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":119849639,"title":"Differentiating people who use cannabis heavily through latent class analysis","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Background People who use cannabis daily or near-daily vary considerably in their daily dosage and use frequency, impacting both experienced effects and adverse consequences. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="105464167"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/105464167/Differentiating_heavy_cannabis_users_through_latent_class_analysis"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Differentiating heavy cannabis users through latent class analysis" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/104912092/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/105464167/Differentiating_heavy_cannabis_users_through_latent_class_analysis">Differentiating heavy cannabis users through latent class analysis</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Background: Daily or near-daily cannabis users vary considerably in their daily dosage and use fr...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Background: Daily or near-daily cannabis users vary considerably in their daily dosage and use frequency, impacting both experienced effects and adverse consequences. This study identified heavy cannabis user groups according to consumption patterns and factors associated with class membership. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 400 Spanish residents (62.2% male; average age=29.6 years) who had used cannabis ≥3 days/week throughout the past year. Participants were recruited through chain referral and cannabis social clubs. We applied latent class analysis (LCA) to cluster participants according to use intensity. Associations between class membership and socio-demographics, use patterns, motives, supply sources, adverse outcomes, and use of other substances were measured using ANOVA and chi-squared tests. Multinomial regression identified the factors associated with latent class membership. Results: Three latent classes (moderately heavy: 23%, heavy: 67.5%, very heavy:...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="39912e9f7ba986ab7b0aecbf05ae8f5e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":104912092,"asset_id":105464167,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/104912092/download_file?st=MTczMzI3MDg5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="105464167"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="105464167"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 105464167; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=105464167]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=105464167]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 105464167; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='105464167']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 105464167, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "39912e9f7ba986ab7b0aecbf05ae8f5e" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=105464167]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":105464167,"title":"Differentiating heavy cannabis users through latent class analysis","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Background: Daily or near-daily cannabis users vary considerably in their daily dosage and use frequency, impacting both experienced effects and adverse consequences. This study identified heavy cannabis user groups according to consumption patterns and factors associated with class membership. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 400 Spanish residents (62.2% male; average age=29.6 years) who had used cannabis ≥3 days/week throughout the past year. Participants were recruited through chain referral and cannabis social clubs. We applied latent class analysis (LCA) to cluster participants according to use intensity. Associations between class membership and socio-demographics, use patterns, motives, supply sources, adverse outcomes, and use of other substances were measured using ANOVA and chi-squared tests. Multinomial regression identified the factors associated with latent class membership. Results: Three latent classes (moderately heavy: 23%, heavy: 67.5%, very heavy:...","publisher":"Research Square Platform LLC"},"translated_abstract":"Background: Daily or near-daily cannabis users vary considerably in their daily dosage and use frequency, impacting both experienced effects and adverse consequences. This study identified heavy cannabis user groups according to consumption patterns and factors associated with class membership. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 400 Spanish residents (62.2% male; average age=29.6 years) who had used cannabis ≥3 days/week throughout the past year. Participants were recruited through chain referral and cannabis social clubs. We applied latent class analysis (LCA) to cluster participants according to use intensity. Associations between class membership and socio-demographics, use patterns, motives, supply sources, adverse outcomes, and use of other substances were measured using ANOVA and chi-squared tests. Multinomial regression identified the factors associated with latent class membership. Results: Three latent classes (moderately heavy: 23%, heavy: 67.5%, very heavy:...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/105464167/Differentiating_heavy_cannabis_users_through_latent_class_analysis","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-08-10T12:26:44.366-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":172088401,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":104912092,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/104912092/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"latest.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/104912092/download_file?st=MTczMzI3MDg5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Differentiating_heavy_cannabis_users_thr.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/104912092/latest-libre.pdf?1691696962=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDifferentiating_heavy_cannabis_users_thr.pdf\u0026Expires=1733274494\u0026Signature=eykSw4Dafqbk90lMvuqtrcq~wOYxKKJwsjlHjZGztPWFyDDo9c2rk-luuRCHwkzblhxJhheoI2mTf-rDZ8RmJNEZJFDd1UpBkPS1-sTJotSSHyLFHRxaR2EBxFZFwFSS6YZuzImOac0Zabj3SRv21f5U0Rx3QRqItGjiglhMhE6NXs~Z3bpm~R1c4-f0ETyfWODubzy3-gXI2ROt9i527MJmb~FtQiZsGui0Q8SbJBp7U0-feud0KKX4L2rGBcY4HCUP8wJp15mDRLBc3N0Ru2Uybg7BHjPyDunlqzAyfz3uX83-orYFxP0kto6eOlcLgYH6ofdrbZte~p9UcAtd~g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Differentiating_heavy_cannabis_users_through_latent_class_analysis","translated_slug":"","page_count":27,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":172088401,"first_name":"Arturo","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Alvarez-Roldan","page_name":"ArturoAlvarezRoldan","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2020-09-27T23:57:39.354-07:00","display_name":"Arturo Alvarez-Roldan","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ArturoAlvarezRoldan"},"attachments":[{"id":104912092,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/104912092/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"latest.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/104912092/download_file?st=MTczMzI3MDg5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Differentiating_heavy_cannabis_users_thr.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/104912092/latest-libre.pdf?1691696962=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDifferentiating_heavy_cannabis_users_thr.pdf\u0026Expires=1733274494\u0026Signature=eykSw4Dafqbk90lMvuqtrcq~wOYxKKJwsjlHjZGztPWFyDDo9c2rk-luuRCHwkzblhxJhheoI2mTf-rDZ8RmJNEZJFDd1UpBkPS1-sTJotSSHyLFHRxaR2EBxFZFwFSS6YZuzImOac0Zabj3SRv21f5U0Rx3QRqItGjiglhMhE6NXs~Z3bpm~R1c4-f0ETyfWODubzy3-gXI2ROt9i527MJmb~FtQiZsGui0Q8SbJBp7U0-feud0KKX4L2rGBcY4HCUP8wJp15mDRLBc3N0Ru2Uybg7BHjPyDunlqzAyfz3uX83-orYFxP0kto6eOlcLgYH6ofdrbZte~p9UcAtd~g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":310,"name":"Demography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Demography"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine"},{"id":181597,"name":"Root-Mean Square Error","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Root-Mean_Square_Error"},{"id":238724,"name":"Cannabis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabis"},{"id":3642990,"name":"Latent class model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latent_class_model"}],"urls":[{"id":33355370,"url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-2484819/v1"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="102804957"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/102804957/Differentiating_people_who_use_cannabis_heavily_through_latent_class_analysis"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Differentiating people who use cannabis heavily through latent class analysis" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/102977453/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/102804957/Differentiating_people_who_use_cannabis_heavily_through_latent_class_analysis">Differentiating people who use cannabis heavily through latent class analysis</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy</span><span>, 2023</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Background: People who use cannabis daily or near-daily vary considerably in their daily dosage a...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Background: People who use cannabis daily or near-daily vary considerably in their daily dosage and use frequency, impacting both experienced effects and adverse consequences. This study identified heavy cannabis user groups according to consumption patterns and factors associated with class membership. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 380 Spanish residents (61.8% male; average age = 30.3 years) who had used cannabis ≥ 3 days/week throughout the past year. Participants were recruited through chain referral and cannabis social clubs. We applied latent class analysis (LCA) to cluster participants according to use intensity. LCA indicators included frequency of weekly cannabis use, joints smoked each day, cannabis dosage, and if cannabis was consumed throughout the day or only at specific times. Associations between class membership and sociodemographics, use patterns, motives, supply sources, adverse outcomes, and use of other substances were measured using ANOVA and chi-squared tests. Multinomial regression identified the factors associated with latent class membership. Results: Three latent classes (moderately heavy: 21.8%, heavy: 68.2%, very heavy: 10%) had average weekly cannabis intakes of 2.4, 5.5, and 18.3 g, respectively. Very heavy users were older (χ 2 =17.77, p < 0.01), less educated (χ 2 =36.80, p < 0.001), and had used cannabis for longer (F = 4.62, p = 0.01). CAST scores (F = 26.51, p < 0.001) increased across the classes. The prevalence of past-month alcohol use was lower among the heaviest users (χ 2 =5.95, p = 0.05). Cannabis was usually obtained from a club by very heavy users (χ 2 =20.95, p < 0.001). Conclusions: People who use cannabis heavily present three groups according to frequency and quantity of cannabis consumption. Use intensity is associated with increased cannabis-related problems. Differences among heavy users must be considered in harm reduction interventions in cannabis clubs and indicated prevention.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="8aa45e26fcddc0ff1a1a5035945a8148" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":102977453,"asset_id":102804957,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/102977453/download_file?st=MTczMzI3MDg5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="102804957"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="102804957"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 102804957; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=102804957]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=102804957]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 102804957; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='102804957']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 102804957, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "8aa45e26fcddc0ff1a1a5035945a8148" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=102804957]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":102804957,"title":"Differentiating people who use cannabis heavily through latent class analysis","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.1186/s13011-023-00540-3","abstract":"Background: People who use cannabis daily or near-daily vary considerably in their daily dosage and use frequency, impacting both experienced effects and adverse consequences. This study identified heavy cannabis user groups according to consumption patterns and factors associated with class membership. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 380 Spanish residents (61.8% male; average age = 30.3 years) who had used cannabis ≥ 3 days/week throughout the past year. Participants were recruited through chain referral and cannabis social clubs. We applied latent class analysis (LCA) to cluster participants according to use intensity. LCA indicators included frequency of weekly cannabis use, joints smoked each day, cannabis dosage, and if cannabis was consumed throughout the day or only at specific times. Associations between class membership and sociodemographics, use patterns, motives, supply sources, adverse outcomes, and use of other substances were measured using ANOVA and chi-squared tests. Multinomial regression identified the factors associated with latent class membership. Results: Three latent classes (moderately heavy: 21.8%, heavy: 68.2%, very heavy: 10%) had average weekly cannabis intakes of 2.4, 5.5, and 18.3 g, respectively. Very heavy users were older (χ 2 =17.77, p \u003c 0.01), less educated (χ 2 =36.80, p \u003c 0.001), and had used cannabis for longer (F = 4.62, p = 0.01). CAST scores (F = 26.51, p \u003c 0.001) increased across the classes. The prevalence of past-month alcohol use was lower among the heaviest users (χ 2 =5.95, p = 0.05). Cannabis was usually obtained from a club by very heavy users (χ 2 =20.95, p \u003c 0.001). Conclusions: People who use cannabis heavily present three groups according to frequency and quantity of cannabis consumption. Use intensity is associated with increased cannabis-related problems. Differences among heavy users must be considered in harm reduction interventions in cannabis clubs and indicated prevention.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2023,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy"},"translated_abstract":"Background: People who use cannabis daily or near-daily vary considerably in their daily dosage and use frequency, impacting both experienced effects and adverse consequences. This study identified heavy cannabis user groups according to consumption patterns and factors associated with class membership. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 380 Spanish residents (61.8% male; average age = 30.3 years) who had used cannabis ≥ 3 days/week throughout the past year. Participants were recruited through chain referral and cannabis social clubs. We applied latent class analysis (LCA) to cluster participants according to use intensity. LCA indicators included frequency of weekly cannabis use, joints smoked each day, cannabis dosage, and if cannabis was consumed throughout the day or only at specific times. Associations between class membership and sociodemographics, use patterns, motives, supply sources, adverse outcomes, and use of other substances were measured using ANOVA and chi-squared tests. Multinomial regression identified the factors associated with latent class membership. Results: Three latent classes (moderately heavy: 21.8%, heavy: 68.2%, very heavy: 10%) had average weekly cannabis intakes of 2.4, 5.5, and 18.3 g, respectively. Very heavy users were older (χ 2 =17.77, p \u003c 0.01), less educated (χ 2 =36.80, p \u003c 0.001), and had used cannabis for longer (F = 4.62, p = 0.01). CAST scores (F = 26.51, p \u003c 0.001) increased across the classes. The prevalence of past-month alcohol use was lower among the heaviest users (χ 2 =5.95, p = 0.05). Cannabis was usually obtained from a club by very heavy users (χ 2 =20.95, p \u003c 0.001). Conclusions: People who use cannabis heavily present three groups according to frequency and quantity of cannabis consumption. Use intensity is associated with increased cannabis-related problems. Differences among heavy users must be considered in harm reduction interventions in cannabis clubs and indicated prevention.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/102804957/Differentiating_people_who_use_cannabis_heavily_through_latent_class_analysis","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-06-03T11:39:06.222-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":172088401,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[{"id":39939931,"work_id":102804957,"tagging_user_id":172088401,"tagged_user_id":37076674,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"i***a@ugr.es","display_order":1,"name":"Ivan Parra","title":"Differentiating people who use cannabis heavily through latent class analysis"},{"id":39939932,"work_id":102804957,"tagging_user_id":172088401,"tagged_user_id":2695612,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"g***a@ugr.es","affiliation":"Universidad de Granada","display_order":2,"name":"JUAN F GAMELLA","title":"Differentiating people who use cannabis heavily through latent class analysis"},{"id":39939933,"work_id":102804957,"tagging_user_id":172088401,"tagged_user_id":58684577,"co_author_invite_id":null,"email":"t***m@ugr.es","display_order":3,"name":"T. 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Uncovering the view of the educational community using concept mapping" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/83472100/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/75849723/Why_do_most_Gitano_Romani_students_not_complete_compulsory_secondary_education_in_Spain_Uncovering_the_view_of_the_educational_community_using_concept_mapping">Why do most Gitano/Romani students not complete compulsory secondary education in Spain? Uncovering the view of the educational community using concept mapping</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>SHS Web of Conferences</span><span>, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="cd13dd0456fa16fb85a906c497a7f3c4" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":83472100,"asset_id":75849723,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83472100/download_file?st=MTczMzI3MDg5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="75849723"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="75849723"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75849723; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75849723]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75849723]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75849723; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='75849723']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 75849723, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "cd13dd0456fa16fb85a906c497a7f3c4" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=75849723]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":75849723,"title":"Why do most Gitano/Romani students not complete compulsory secondary education in Spain? 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It is based on a long-term research in an educational community where the presence of Romani students has been particularly important. In this research, we studied how professors, parents and students experimented, perceived and voiced the processes that lead to a marked segregation of schools and of Gitano children in school, and how that related to the gradual lag in competences and grades of these children compared to the majority of pupils. One manifestation of this lag is that Gitano children have to repeat courses more often than their non-Gitano partners and become disillusioned and alienated from school routines, become older than their fellow students, thereby increasing conflicts. 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Klaus-Peter Koepping describes Adolf Bastian's attempt, in Berlin during the late nineteenth century, to reconcile these traditions, wrestling with the problem of how specific cultures arise, each with its own spirit, or soul, from the common basis of what he called the \"psychic unity of mankind.\" Peter Skalnik describes Malinowski, coming of age in Poland at the turn of the century, torn between the call of science and the appeal of romanticism. Malinowski eventually opted for science. He developed modern ethnographic methods, a process ably documented by Arturo Roldan, and Malinowskian fieldwork by participant observation, its subject-matter the business of everyday life, soon became the defining feature of social anthropology-though officially, at least, all investigators still aspired to contribute to a cross-cultural, comparative enterprise. However, the other tradition persisted, with its local interests, its antiquarianism, its museums of material culture, its compilations of folklore. Thomas Schippers describes the segmentation of \"anthropologies of Europe\" in the twentieth century, between a Franco-British comparative social anthropology and the ethnological projects that flourished particularly in the German-speaking countries, in Central Europe, and in Scandinavia. Reviled for their association with Nazi science, postwar ethnologists also began to borrow methods and ideas from the social anthropologists. Tomas Gerholm provides a detailed case-study of the relations between the ethnological and social anthropological projects in Sweden. 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Haddon's metaphors on anthropology</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>History of the Human Sciences</span><span>, 1992</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="cad61695ece5b64215d4428a2c5134ab" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":83725366,"asset_id":74523891,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83725366/download_file?st=MTczMzI3MDg5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="74523891"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="74523891"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 74523891; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=74523891]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=74523891]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 74523891; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='74523891']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 74523891, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "cad61695ece5b64215d4428a2c5134ab" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=74523891]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":74523891,"title":"Looking at anthropology from a biological point of view: A. 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Haddon's metaphors on anthropology","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publisher":"SAGE Publications","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":1992,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"History of the Human Sciences"},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/74523891/Looking_at_anthropology_from_a_biological_point_of_view_A_C_Haddons_metaphors_on_anthropology","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-03-25T01:32:11.567-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":172088401,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":83725366,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/83725366/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Haddons_metaphors.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83725366/download_file?st=MTczMzI3MDg5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Looking_at_anthropology_from_a_biologica.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/83725366/Haddons_metaphors-libre.pdf?1649634672=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DLooking_at_anthropology_from_a_biologica.pdf\u0026Expires=1733274495\u0026Signature=Sju6czfKiYlPKHSIntSOO7X2h2b3TWi-T-F0fl-IXM2punZww~HCa0Zvz~e4tSipUHz0WZOosLkH9BXK8AgvvmKiInh2VrHcohnFoT97sJ0NqAueQ1~mChF5r-4JwXaP3zBtZtn9Ng3XwPoswOEAaxI4U5O6Y4pwZ--bQ8DKHKWf2ZgL7miGCU~i-iOC8ALrlukUhDhe2dnETpzSpWdAk4iCkm0G~ZePxagvOGCaonY0opDTTMM5pL9p2d8rymqT-Y0rqMZ73GGpJr7s6duHMlM~XkiED7VLwmgsKH1V1B5KageAk3fsOvup16o05SgZOZMcoYT4gCZs9Wv6UgUV6Q__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Looking_at_anthropology_from_a_biological_point_of_view_A_C_Haddons_metaphors_on_anthropology","translated_slug":"","page_count":12,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":172088401,"first_name":"Arturo","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Alvarez-Roldan","page_name":"ArturoAlvarezRoldan","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2020-09-27T23:57:39.354-07:00","display_name":"Arturo Alvarez-Roldan","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ArturoAlvarezRoldan"},"attachments":[{"id":83725366,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/83725366/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Haddons_metaphors.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83725366/download_file?st=MTczMzI3MDg5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Looking_at_anthropology_from_a_biologica.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/83725366/Haddons_metaphors-libre.pdf?1649634672=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DLooking_at_anthropology_from_a_biologica.pdf\u0026Expires=1733274495\u0026Signature=Sju6czfKiYlPKHSIntSOO7X2h2b3TWi-T-F0fl-IXM2punZww~HCa0Zvz~e4tSipUHz0WZOosLkH9BXK8AgvvmKiInh2VrHcohnFoT97sJ0NqAueQ1~mChF5r-4JwXaP3zBtZtn9Ng3XwPoswOEAaxI4U5O6Y4pwZ--bQ8DKHKWf2ZgL7miGCU~i-iOC8ALrlukUhDhe2dnETpzSpWdAk4iCkm0G~ZePxagvOGCaonY0opDTTMM5pL9p2d8rymqT-Y0rqMZ73GGpJr7s6duHMlM~XkiED7VLwmgsKH1V1B5KageAk3fsOvup16o05SgZOZMcoYT4gCZs9Wv6UgUV6Q__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":23947,"name":"History and Philosophy of the Human Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/History_and_Philosophy_of_the_Human_Sciences"},{"id":892890,"name":"Point of View","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Point_of_View"}],"urls":[{"id":18784459,"url":"http://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/095269519200500402"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="11136029" id="papers"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="119849639"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/119849639/Differentiating_people_who_use_cannabis_heavily_through_latent_class_analysis"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Differentiating people who use cannabis heavily through latent class analysis" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/115175776/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/119849639/Differentiating_people_who_use_cannabis_heavily_through_latent_class_analysis">Differentiating people who use cannabis heavily through latent class analysis</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Background People who use cannabis daily or near-daily vary considerably in their daily dosage an...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Background People who use cannabis daily or near-daily vary considerably in their daily dosage and use frequency, impacting both experienced effects and adverse consequences. This study identified heavy cannabis user groups according to consumption patterns and factors associated with class membership. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of 380 Spanish residents (61.8% male; average age = 30.3 years) who had used cannabis ≥ 3 days/week throughout the past year. Participants were recruited through chain referral and cannabis social clubs. We applied latent class analysis (LCA) to cluster participants according to use intensity. LCA indicators included frequency of weekly cannabis use, joints smoked each day, cannabis dosage, and if cannabis was consumed throughout the day or only at specific times. Associations between class membership and socio-demographics, use patterns, motives, supply sources, adverse outcomes, and use of other substances were measured using ANOVA and ch...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="619ac57990223c083cf509a5919ccf13" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":115175776,"asset_id":119849639,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/115175776/download_file?st=MTczMzI3MDg5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzI3MDg5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="119849639"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="119849639"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 119849639; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=119849639]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=119849639]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 119849639; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='119849639']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 119849639, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "619ac57990223c083cf509a5919ccf13" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=119849639]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":119849639,"title":"Differentiating people who use cannabis heavily through latent class analysis","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Background People who use cannabis daily or near-daily vary considerably in their daily dosage and use frequency, impacting both experienced effects and adverse consequences. This study identified heavy cannabis user groups according to consumption patterns and factors associated with class membership. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of 380 Spanish residents (61.8% male; average age = 30.3 years) who had used cannabis ≥ 3 days/week throughout the past year. Participants were recruited through chain referral and cannabis social clubs. We applied latent class analysis (LCA) to cluster participants according to use intensity. LCA indicators included frequency of weekly cannabis use, joints smoked each day, cannabis dosage, and if cannabis was consumed throughout the day or only at specific times. 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LCA indicators included frequency of weekly cannabis use, joints smoked each day, cannabis dosage, and if cannabis was consumed throughout the day or only at specific times. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="105464167"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/105464167/Differentiating_heavy_cannabis_users_through_latent_class_analysis"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Differentiating heavy cannabis users through latent class analysis" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/104912092/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/105464167/Differentiating_heavy_cannabis_users_through_latent_class_analysis">Differentiating heavy cannabis users through latent class analysis</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Background: Daily or near-daily cannabis users vary considerably in their daily dosage and use fr...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Background: Daily or near-daily cannabis users vary considerably in their daily dosage and use frequency, impacting both experienced effects and adverse consequences. This study identified heavy cannabis user groups according to consumption patterns and factors associated with class membership. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 400 Spanish residents (62.2% male; average age=29.6 years) who had used cannabis ≥3 days/week throughout the past year. Participants were recruited through chain referral and cannabis social clubs. We applied latent class analysis (LCA) to cluster participants according to use intensity. Associations between class membership and socio-demographics, use patterns, motives, supply sources, adverse outcomes, and use of other substances were measured using ANOVA and chi-squared tests. Multinomial regression identified the factors associated with latent class membership. Results: Three latent classes (moderately heavy: 23%, heavy: 67.5%, very heavy:...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="39912e9f7ba986ab7b0aecbf05ae8f5e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":104912092,"asset_id":105464167,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/104912092/download_file?st=MTczMzI3MDg5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzI3MDg5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="105464167"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="105464167"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 105464167; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=105464167]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=105464167]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 105464167; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='105464167']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 105464167, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "39912e9f7ba986ab7b0aecbf05ae8f5e" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=105464167]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":105464167,"title":"Differentiating heavy cannabis users through latent class analysis","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Background: Daily or near-daily cannabis users vary considerably in their daily dosage and use frequency, impacting both experienced effects and adverse consequences. This study identified heavy cannabis user groups according to consumption patterns and factors associated with class membership. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 400 Spanish residents (62.2% male; average age=29.6 years) who had used cannabis ≥3 days/week throughout the past year. Participants were recruited through chain referral and cannabis social clubs. We applied latent class analysis (LCA) to cluster participants according to use intensity. Associations between class membership and socio-demographics, use patterns, motives, supply sources, adverse outcomes, and use of other substances were measured using ANOVA and chi-squared tests. Multinomial regression identified the factors associated with latent class membership. Results: Three latent classes (moderately heavy: 23%, heavy: 67.5%, very heavy:...","publisher":"Research Square Platform LLC"},"translated_abstract":"Background: Daily or near-daily cannabis users vary considerably in their daily dosage and use frequency, impacting both experienced effects and adverse consequences. This study identified heavy cannabis user groups according to consumption patterns and factors associated with class membership. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 400 Spanish residents (62.2% male; average age=29.6 years) who had used cannabis ≥3 days/week throughout the past year. Participants were recruited through chain referral and cannabis social clubs. We applied latent class analysis (LCA) to cluster participants according to use intensity. Associations between class membership and socio-demographics, use patterns, motives, supply sources, adverse outcomes, and use of other substances were measured using ANOVA and chi-squared tests. Multinomial regression identified the factors associated with latent class membership. Results: Three latent classes (moderately heavy: 23%, heavy: 67.5%, very heavy:...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/105464167/Differentiating_heavy_cannabis_users_through_latent_class_analysis","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-08-10T12:26:44.366-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":172088401,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":104912092,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/104912092/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"latest.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/104912092/download_file?st=MTczMzI3MDg5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzI3MDg5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Differentiating_heavy_cannabis_users_thr.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/104912092/latest-libre.pdf?1691696962=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDifferentiating_heavy_cannabis_users_thr.pdf\u0026Expires=1733274494\u0026Signature=eykSw4Dafqbk90lMvuqtrcq~wOYxKKJwsjlHjZGztPWFyDDo9c2rk-luuRCHwkzblhxJhheoI2mTf-rDZ8RmJNEZJFDd1UpBkPS1-sTJotSSHyLFHRxaR2EBxFZFwFSS6YZuzImOac0Zabj3SRv21f5U0Rx3QRqItGjiglhMhE6NXs~Z3bpm~R1c4-f0ETyfWODubzy3-gXI2ROt9i527MJmb~FtQiZsGui0Q8SbJBp7U0-feud0KKX4L2rGBcY4HCUP8wJp15mDRLBc3N0Ru2Uybg7BHjPyDunlqzAyfz3uX83-orYFxP0kto6eOlcLgYH6ofdrbZte~p9UcAtd~g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Differentiating_heavy_cannabis_users_through_latent_class_analysis","translated_slug":"","page_count":27,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":172088401,"first_name":"Arturo","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Alvarez-Roldan","page_name":"ArturoAlvarezRoldan","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2020-09-27T23:57:39.354-07:00","display_name":"Arturo Alvarez-Roldan","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/ArturoAlvarezRoldan"},"attachments":[{"id":104912092,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/104912092/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"latest.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/104912092/download_file?st=MTczMzI3MDg5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzI3MDg5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Differentiating_heavy_cannabis_users_thr.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/104912092/latest-libre.pdf?1691696962=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDifferentiating_heavy_cannabis_users_thr.pdf\u0026Expires=1733274494\u0026Signature=eykSw4Dafqbk90lMvuqtrcq~wOYxKKJwsjlHjZGztPWFyDDo9c2rk-luuRCHwkzblhxJhheoI2mTf-rDZ8RmJNEZJFDd1UpBkPS1-sTJotSSHyLFHRxaR2EBxFZFwFSS6YZuzImOac0Zabj3SRv21f5U0Rx3QRqItGjiglhMhE6NXs~Z3bpm~R1c4-f0ETyfWODubzy3-gXI2ROt9i527MJmb~FtQiZsGui0Q8SbJBp7U0-feud0KKX4L2rGBcY4HCUP8wJp15mDRLBc3N0Ru2Uybg7BHjPyDunlqzAyfz3uX83-orYFxP0kto6eOlcLgYH6ofdrbZte~p9UcAtd~g__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":310,"name":"Demography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Demography"},{"id":26327,"name":"Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Medicine"},{"id":181597,"name":"Root-Mean Square Error","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Root-Mean_Square_Error"},{"id":238724,"name":"Cannabis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cannabis"},{"id":3642990,"name":"Latent class model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Latent_class_model"}],"urls":[{"id":33355370,"url":"https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-2484819/v1"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="102804957"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/102804957/Differentiating_people_who_use_cannabis_heavily_through_latent_class_analysis"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Differentiating people who use cannabis heavily through latent class analysis" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/102977453/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/102804957/Differentiating_people_who_use_cannabis_heavily_through_latent_class_analysis">Differentiating people who use cannabis heavily through latent class analysis</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy</span><span>, 2023</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Background: People who use cannabis daily or near-daily vary considerably in their daily dosage a...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Background: People who use cannabis daily or near-daily vary considerably in their daily dosage and use frequency, impacting both experienced effects and adverse consequences. This study identified heavy cannabis user groups according to consumption patterns and factors associated with class membership. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 380 Spanish residents (61.8% male; average age = 30.3 years) who had used cannabis ≥ 3 days/week throughout the past year. Participants were recruited through chain referral and cannabis social clubs. We applied latent class analysis (LCA) to cluster participants according to use intensity. LCA indicators included frequency of weekly cannabis use, joints smoked each day, cannabis dosage, and if cannabis was consumed throughout the day or only at specific times. Associations between class membership and sociodemographics, use patterns, motives, supply sources, adverse outcomes, and use of other substances were measured using ANOVA and chi-squared tests. Multinomial regression identified the factors associated with latent class membership. Results: Three latent classes (moderately heavy: 21.8%, heavy: 68.2%, very heavy: 10%) had average weekly cannabis intakes of 2.4, 5.5, and 18.3 g, respectively. Very heavy users were older (χ 2 =17.77, p < 0.01), less educated (χ 2 =36.80, p < 0.001), and had used cannabis for longer (F = 4.62, p = 0.01). CAST scores (F = 26.51, p < 0.001) increased across the classes. The prevalence of past-month alcohol use was lower among the heaviest users (χ 2 =5.95, p = 0.05). Cannabis was usually obtained from a club by very heavy users (χ 2 =20.95, p < 0.001). Conclusions: People who use cannabis heavily present three groups according to frequency and quantity of cannabis consumption. Use intensity is associated with increased cannabis-related problems. Differences among heavy users must be considered in harm reduction interventions in cannabis clubs and indicated prevention.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="8aa45e26fcddc0ff1a1a5035945a8148" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":102977453,"asset_id":102804957,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/102977453/download_file?st=MTczMzI3MDg5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzI3MDg5NCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="102804957"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="102804957"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 102804957; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=102804957]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=102804957]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 102804957; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='102804957']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 102804957, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "8aa45e26fcddc0ff1a1a5035945a8148" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=102804957]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":102804957,"title":"Differentiating people who use cannabis heavily through latent class analysis","translated_title":"","metadata":{"doi":"10.1186/s13011-023-00540-3","abstract":"Background: People who use cannabis daily or near-daily vary considerably in their daily dosage and use frequency, impacting both experienced effects and adverse consequences. This study identified heavy cannabis user groups according to consumption patterns and factors associated with class membership. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 380 Spanish residents (61.8% male; average age = 30.3 years) who had used cannabis ≥ 3 days/week throughout the past year. Participants were recruited through chain referral and cannabis social clubs. We applied latent class analysis (LCA) to cluster participants according to use intensity. LCA indicators included frequency of weekly cannabis use, joints smoked each day, cannabis dosage, and if cannabis was consumed throughout the day or only at specific times. Associations between class membership and sociodemographics, use patterns, motives, supply sources, adverse outcomes, and use of other substances were measured using ANOVA and chi-squared tests. Multinomial regression identified the factors associated with latent class membership. Results: Three latent classes (moderately heavy: 21.8%, heavy: 68.2%, very heavy: 10%) had average weekly cannabis intakes of 2.4, 5.5, and 18.3 g, respectively. Very heavy users were older (χ 2 =17.77, p \u003c 0.01), less educated (χ 2 =36.80, p \u003c 0.001), and had used cannabis for longer (F = 4.62, p = 0.01). CAST scores (F = 26.51, p \u003c 0.001) increased across the classes. The prevalence of past-month alcohol use was lower among the heaviest users (χ 2 =5.95, p = 0.05). Cannabis was usually obtained from a club by very heavy users (χ 2 =20.95, p \u003c 0.001). Conclusions: People who use cannabis heavily present three groups according to frequency and quantity of cannabis consumption. Use intensity is associated with increased cannabis-related problems. Differences among heavy users must be considered in harm reduction interventions in cannabis clubs and indicated prevention.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2023,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Substance Abuse Treatment, Prevention, and Policy"},"translated_abstract":"Background: People who use cannabis daily or near-daily vary considerably in their daily dosage and use frequency, impacting both experienced effects and adverse consequences. This study identified heavy cannabis user groups according to consumption patterns and factors associated with class membership. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study of 380 Spanish residents (61.8% male; average age = 30.3 years) who had used cannabis ≥ 3 days/week throughout the past year. Participants were recruited through chain referral and cannabis social clubs. We applied latent class analysis (LCA) to cluster participants according to use intensity. LCA indicators included frequency of weekly cannabis use, joints smoked each day, cannabis dosage, and if cannabis was consumed throughout the day or only at specific times. Associations between class membership and sociodemographics, use patterns, motives, supply sources, adverse outcomes, and use of other substances were measured using ANOVA and chi-squared tests. Multinomial regression identified the factors associated with latent class membership. Results: Three latent classes (moderately heavy: 21.8%, heavy: 68.2%, very heavy: 10%) had average weekly cannabis intakes of 2.4, 5.5, and 18.3 g, respectively. Very heavy users were older (χ 2 =17.77, p \u003c 0.01), less educated (χ 2 =36.80, p \u003c 0.001), and had used cannabis for longer (F = 4.62, p = 0.01). CAST scores (F = 26.51, p \u003c 0.001) increased across the classes. The prevalence of past-month alcohol use was lower among the heaviest users (χ 2 =5.95, p = 0.05). Cannabis was usually obtained from a club by very heavy users (χ 2 =20.95, p \u003c 0.001). Conclusions: People who use cannabis heavily present three groups according to frequency and quantity of cannabis consumption. Use intensity is associated with increased cannabis-related problems. 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Uncovering the view of the educational community using concept mapping" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/83472100/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/75849723/Why_do_most_Gitano_Romani_students_not_complete_compulsory_secondary_education_in_Spain_Uncovering_the_view_of_the_educational_community_using_concept_mapping">Why do most Gitano/Romani students not complete compulsory secondary education in Spain? Uncovering the view of the educational community using concept mapping</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>SHS Web of Conferences</span><span>, 2016</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="cd13dd0456fa16fb85a906c497a7f3c4" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":83472100,"asset_id":75849723,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/83472100/download_file?st=MTczMzI3MDg5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMzI3MDg5NSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="75849723"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="75849723"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75849723; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75849723]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=75849723]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 75849723; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='75849723']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 75849723, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "cd13dd0456fa16fb85a906c497a7f3c4" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=75849723]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":75849723,"title":"Why do most Gitano/Romani students not complete compulsory secondary education in Spain? 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It is based on a long-term research in an educational community where the presence of Romani students has been particularly important. In this research, we studied how professors, parents and students experimented, perceived and voiced the processes that lead to a marked segregation of schools and of Gitano children in school, and how that related to the gradual lag in competences and grades of these children compared to the majority of pupils. One manifestation of this lag is that Gitano children have to repeat courses more often than their non-Gitano partners and become disillusioned and alienated from school routines, become older than their fellow students, thereby increasing conflicts. 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Klaus-Peter Koepping describes Adolf Bastian's attempt, in Berlin during the late nineteenth century, to reconcile these traditions, wrestling with the problem of how specific cultures arise, each with its own spirit, or soul, from the common basis of what he called the \"psychic unity of mankind.\" Peter Skalnik describes Malinowski, coming of age in Poland at the turn of the century, torn between the call of science and the appeal of romanticism. Malinowski eventually opted for science. He developed modern ethnographic methods, a process ably documented by Arturo Roldan, and Malinowskian fieldwork by participant observation, its subject-matter the business of everyday life, soon became the defining feature of social anthropology-though officially, at least, all investigators still aspired to contribute to a cross-cultural, comparative enterprise. However, the other tradition persisted, with its local interests, its antiquarianism, its museums of material culture, its compilations of folklore. Thomas Schippers describes the segmentation of \"anthropologies of Europe\" in the twentieth century, between a Franco-British comparative social anthropology and the ethnological projects that flourished particularly in the German-speaking countries, in Central Europe, and in Scandinavia. Reviled for their association with Nazi science, postwar ethnologists also began to borrow methods and ideas from the social anthropologists. Tomas Gerholm provides a detailed case-study of the relations between the ethnological and social anthropological projects in Sweden. 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