CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8" /> <title>October | 2014 | The RePEc Blog</title> <link rel="profile" href="http://gmpg.org/xfn/11" /> <link rel="pingback" href="https://blog.repec.org/xmlrpc.php" /> <meta name='robots' content='max-image-preview:large' />  <script id="wpcom_remote_login_js"> var wpcom_remote_login_extra_auth = ''; function wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_id( element_id ) { var dom_node = document.getElementById( element_id ); if ( dom_node ) { dom_node.parentNode.removeChild( dom_node ); } } function wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_classes( class_name ) { var dom_nodes = document.querySelectorAll( '.' + class_name ); for ( var i = 0; i < dom_nodes.length; i++ ) { dom_nodes[ i ].parentNode.removeChild( dom_nodes[ i ] ); } } function wpcom_remote_login_final_cleanup() { wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_classes( "wpcom_remote_login_msg" ); wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_id( "wpcom_remote_login_key" ); wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_id( "wpcom_remote_login_validate" ); wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_id( "wpcom_remote_login_js" ); wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_id( "wpcom_request_access_iframe" ); wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_id( "wpcom_request_access_styles" ); } // Watch for messages back from the remote login window.addEventListener( "message", function( e ) { if ( e.origin === "https://r-login.wordpress.com" ) { var data = {}; try { data = JSON.parse( e.data ); } catch( e ) { wpcom_remote_login_final_cleanup(); return; } if ( data.msg === 'LOGIN' ) { // Clean up the login check iframe wpcom_remote_login_remove_dom_node_id( "wpcom_remote_login_key" ); var id_regex = new RegExp( /^[0-9]+$/ ); var token_regex = new RegExp( /^.*|.*|.*$/ ); if ( token_regex.test( data.token ) && id_regex.test( data.wpcomid ) ) { // We have everything we need to ask for a login var script = document.createElement( "script" ); script.setAttribute( "id", "wpcom_remote_login_validate" ); script.src = '/remote-login.php?wpcom_remote_login=validate' + '&wpcomid=' + data.wpcomid + '&token=' + encodeURIComponent( data.token ) + '&host=' + window.location.protocol + '//' + window.location.hostname + '&postid=1091' + '&is_singular='; document.body.appendChild( script ); } return; } // Safari ITP, not logged in, so redirect if ( data.msg === 'LOGIN-REDIRECT' ) { window.location = 'https://wordpress.com/log-in?redirect_to=' + window.location.href; return; } // Safari ITP, storage access failed, remove the request if ( data.msg === 'LOGIN-REMOVE' ) { var css_zap = 'html { -webkit-transition: margin-top 1s; transition: margin-top 1s; } /* 9001 */ html { margin-top: 0 !important; } * html body { margin-top: 0 !important; } @media screen and ( max-width: 782px ) { html { margin-top: 0 !important; } * html body { margin-top: 0 !important; } }'; var style_zap = document.createElement( 'style' ); style_zap.type = 'text/css'; style_zap.appendChild( document.createTextNode( css_zap ) ); document.body.appendChild( style_zap ); var e = document.getElementById( 'wpcom_request_access_iframe' ); e.parentNode.removeChild( e ); document.cookie = 'wordpress_com_login_access=denied; path=/; max-age=31536000'; return; } // Safari ITP if ( data.msg === 'REQUEST_ACCESS' ) { console.log( 'request access: safari' ); // Check ITP iframe enable/disable knob if ( wpcom_remote_login_extra_auth !== 'safari_itp_iframe' ) { return; } // If we are in a "private window" there is no ITP. var private_window = false; try { var opendb = window.openDatabase( null, null, null, null ); } catch( e ) { private_window = true; } if ( private_window ) { console.log( 'private window' ); return; } var iframe = document.createElement( 'iframe' ); iframe.id = 'wpcom_request_access_iframe'; iframe.setAttribute( 'scrolling', 'no' ); iframe.setAttribute( 'sandbox', 'allow-storage-access-by-user-activation allow-scripts allow-same-origin allow-top-navigation-by-user-activation' ); iframe.src = 'https://r-login.wordpress.com/remote-login.php?wpcom_remote_login=request_access&origin=' + encodeURIComponent( data.origin ) + '&wpcomid=' + encodeURIComponent( data.wpcomid ); var css = 'html { -webkit-transition: margin-top 1s; transition: margin-top 1s; } /* 9001 */ html { margin-top: 46px !important; } * html body { margin-top: 46px !important; } @media screen and ( max-width: 660px ) { html { margin-top: 71px !important; } * html body { margin-top: 71px !important; } #wpcom_request_access_iframe { display: block; height: 71px !important; } } #wpcom_request_access_iframe { border: 0px; height: 46px; position: fixed; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; min-width: 100%; z-index: 99999; background: #23282d; } '; var style = document.createElement( 'style' ); style.type = 'text/css'; style.id = 'wpcom_request_access_styles'; style.appendChild( document.createTextNode( css ) ); document.body.appendChild( style ); document.body.appendChild( iframe ); } if ( data.msg === 'DONE' ) { wpcom_remote_login_final_cleanup(); } } }, false ); // Inject the remote login iframe after the page has had a chance to load // more critical resources window.addEventListener( "DOMContentLoaded", function( e ) { var iframe = document.createElement( "iframe" ); iframe.style.display = "none"; iframe.setAttribute( "scrolling", "no" ); iframe.setAttribute( "id", "wpcom_remote_login_key" ); iframe.src = "https://r-login.wordpress.com/remote-login.php" + "?wpcom_remote_login=key" + "&origin=aHR0cHM6Ly9ibG9nLnJlcGVjLm9yZw%3D%3D" + "&wpcomid=5564166" + "&time=1742054825"; document.body.appendChild( iframe ); }, false ); </script> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s1.wp.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s2.wp.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s0.wp.com' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="The RePEc Blog » Feed" href="https://blog.repec.org/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="The RePEc Blog » Comments Feed" href="https://blog.repec.org/comments/feed/" /> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ function addLoadEvent(func) { var oldonload = window.onload; if (typeof window.onload != 'function') { window.onload = func; } else { window.onload = function () { oldonload(); func(); } } } /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/wp-content\/mu-plugins\/wpcom-smileys\/twemoji\/2\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/wp-content\/mu-plugins\/wpcom-smileys\/twemoji\/2\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/s2.wp.com\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?m=1719498190i&ver=6.7.2-RC1-59780"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); /* ]]> */ </script> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-0-1' href='https://s2.wp.com/wp-content/mu-plugins/infinity/themes/pub/contempt.css?m=1340012884i&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-2-1' href='https://s2.wp.com/_static/??-eJydzEEOwiAQheELCdMSEtOF8SxAyYSKQGYGDbe37cadC5cvL98P76ZCLRKLQMsdU2HAvk8fCfeHIrzMpCdtwfeUV/C5hofKyZOjASwjRx2YL/AzdCqGLUpzB3ejdlFIaf03QU5SQf7y+/M2X+1slsUYu30AMZRP0A==&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='wp-block-library-inline-css'> .has-text-align-justify { text-align:justify; } .has-text-align-justify{text-align:justify;} </style> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-4-1' href='https://s2.wp.com/_static/??-eJzTLy/QzcxLzilNSS3WzyrWz01NyUxMzUnNTc0rQeEU5CRWphbp5qSmJyZX6uVm5uklFxfr6OPTDpRD5sM02efaGpoZmFkYGRuZGmQBAHPvL0Y=&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='jetpack-sharing-buttons-style-inline-css'> .jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:0;list-style-type:none;margin:5px;padding:0}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-small-icon-size{font-size:12px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-normal-icon-size{font-size:16px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-large-icon-size{font-size:24px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-huge-icon-size{font-size:36px}@media print{.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list{display:none!important}}.editor-styles-wrapper .wp-block-jetpack-sharing-buttons{gap:0;padding-inline-start:0}ul.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-background{padding:1.25em 2.375em} </style> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-6-1' href='https://s2.wp.com/wp-content/plugins/coblocks/2.18.1-simple-rev.4/dist/coblocks-style.css?m=1681832297i&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-8-1' href='https://s2.wp.com/_static/??-eJx9jcEKg0AMRH+oaVhorR7Eb9E16IpZg8min2889FZ6GYbhPQYPgbhlo2zIBWQtU8qKcdvJd5be0AmmMfW0Ejv2jKoP/K0daZzIXNdvB6PzvyJ+A8MgO6mCJ6fCYLN/6e113IZXU9WfUL/DcgHSTkDo&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='global-styles-inline-css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--font-family--albert-sans: 'Albert Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--alegreya: Alegreya, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--arvo: Arvo, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--bodoni-moda: 'Bodoni Moda', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--bricolage-grotesque: 'Bricolage Grotesque', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--cabin: Cabin, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--chivo: Chivo, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--commissioner: Commissioner, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--cormorant: Cormorant, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--courier-prime: 'Courier Prime', monospace;--wp--preset--font-family--crimson-pro: 'Crimson Pro', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--dm-mono: 'DM Mono', monospace;--wp--preset--font-family--dm-sans: 'DM Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--dm-serif-display: 'DM Serif Display', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--domine: Domine, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--eb-garamond: 'EB Garamond', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--epilogue: Epilogue, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--fahkwang: Fahkwang, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--figtree: Figtree, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--fira-sans: 'Fira Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--fjalla-one: 'Fjalla One', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--fraunces: Fraunces, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--gabarito: Gabarito, system-ui;--wp--preset--font-family--ibm-plex-mono: 'IBM Plex Mono', monospace;--wp--preset--font-family--ibm-plex-sans: 'IBM Plex Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--ibarra-real-nova: 'Ibarra Real Nova', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--instrument-serif: 'Instrument Serif', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--inter: Inter, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--josefin-sans: 'Josefin Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--jost: Jost, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--libre-baskerville: 'Libre Baskerville', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--libre-franklin: 'Libre Franklin', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--literata: Literata, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--lora: Lora, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--merriweather: Merriweather, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--montserrat: Montserrat, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--newsreader: Newsreader, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--noto-sans-mono: 'Noto Sans Mono', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--nunito: Nunito, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--open-sans: 'Open Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--overpass: Overpass, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--pt-serif: 'PT Serif', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--petrona: Petrona, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--piazzolla: Piazzolla, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--playfair-display: 'Playfair Display', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--plus-jakarta-sans: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--poppins: Poppins, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--raleway: Raleway, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--roboto: Roboto, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--roboto-slab: 'Roboto Slab', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--rubik: Rubik, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--rufina: Rufina, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--sora: Sora, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--source-sans-3: 'Source Sans 3', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--source-serif-4: 'Source Serif 4', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--space-mono: 'Space Mono', monospace;--wp--preset--font-family--syne: Syne, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--texturina: Texturina, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--urbanist: Urbanist, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--work-sans: 'Work Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;}.has-albert-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--albert-sans) !important;}.has-alegreya-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--alegreya) !important;}.has-arvo-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--arvo) !important;}.has-bodoni-moda-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--bodoni-moda) !important;}.has-bricolage-grotesque-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--bricolage-grotesque) !important;}.has-cabin-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--cabin) !important;}.has-chivo-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--chivo) !important;}.has-commissioner-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--commissioner) !important;}.has-cormorant-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--cormorant) !important;}.has-courier-prime-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--courier-prime) !important;}.has-crimson-pro-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--crimson-pro) !important;}.has-dm-mono-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--dm-mono) !important;}.has-dm-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--dm-sans) !important;}.has-dm-serif-display-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--dm-serif-display) !important;}.has-domine-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--domine) !important;}.has-eb-garamond-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--eb-garamond) !important;}.has-epilogue-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--epilogue) !important;}.has-fahkwang-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--fahkwang) !important;}.has-figtree-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--figtree) !important;}.has-fira-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--fira-sans) !important;}.has-fjalla-one-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--fjalla-one) !important;}.has-fraunces-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--fraunces) !important;}.has-gabarito-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--gabarito) !important;}.has-ibm-plex-mono-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--ibm-plex-mono) !important;}.has-ibm-plex-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--ibm-plex-sans) !important;}.has-ibarra-real-nova-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--ibarra-real-nova) !important;}.has-instrument-serif-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--instrument-serif) !important;}.has-inter-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--inter) !important;}.has-josefin-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--josefin-sans) !important;}.has-jost-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--jost) !important;}.has-libre-baskerville-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--libre-baskerville) !important;}.has-libre-franklin-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--libre-franklin) !important;}.has-literata-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--literata) !important;}.has-lora-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--lora) !important;}.has-merriweather-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--merriweather) !important;}.has-montserrat-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--montserrat) !important;}.has-newsreader-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--newsreader) !important;}.has-noto-sans-mono-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--noto-sans-mono) !important;}.has-nunito-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--nunito) !important;}.has-open-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--open-sans) !important;}.has-overpass-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--overpass) !important;}.has-pt-serif-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--pt-serif) !important;}.has-petrona-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--petrona) !important;}.has-piazzolla-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--piazzolla) !important;}.has-playfair-display-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--playfair-display) !important;}.has-plus-jakarta-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--plus-jakarta-sans) !important;}.has-poppins-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--poppins) !important;}.has-raleway-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--raleway) !important;}.has-roboto-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--roboto) !important;}.has-roboto-slab-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--roboto-slab) !important;}.has-rubik-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--rubik) !important;}.has-rufina-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--rufina) !important;}.has-sora-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--sora) !important;}.has-source-sans-3-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--source-sans-3) !important;}.has-source-serif-4-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--source-serif-4) !important;}.has-space-mono-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--space-mono) !important;}.has-syne-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--syne) !important;}.has-texturina-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--texturina) !important;}.has-urbanist-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--urbanist) !important;}.has-work-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--work-sans) !important;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} </style> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-10-1' href='https://s2.wp.com/wp-content/themes/pub/contempt/style.css?m=1448660486i&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='akismet-widget-style-inline-css'> .a-stats { --akismet-color-mid-green: #357b49; --akismet-color-white: #fff; --akismet-color-light-grey: #f6f7f7; max-width: 350px; width: auto; } .a-stats * { all: unset; box-sizing: border-box; } .a-stats strong { font-weight: 600; } .a-stats a.a-stats__link, .a-stats a.a-stats__link:visited, .a-stats a.a-stats__link:active { background: var(--akismet-color-mid-green); border: none; box-shadow: none; border-radius: 8px; color: var(--akismet-color-white); cursor: pointer; display: block; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', 'Roboto', 'Oxygen-Sans', 'Ubuntu', 'Cantarell', 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; font-weight: 500; padding: 12px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.2s ease; } /* Extra specificity to deal with TwentyTwentyOne focus style */ .widget .a-stats a.a-stats__link:focus { background: var(--akismet-color-mid-green); color: var(--akismet-color-white); text-decoration: none; } .a-stats a.a-stats__link:hover { filter: brightness(110%); box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06), 0 0 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.16); } .a-stats .count { color: var(--akismet-color-white); display: block; font-size: 1.5em; line-height: 1.4; padding: 0 13px; white-space: nowrap; } </style> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-12-1' href='https://s1.wp.com/_static/??-eJzTLy/QTc7PK0nNK9HPLdUtyClNz8wr1i9KTcrJTwcy0/WTi5G5ekCujj52Temp+bo5+cmJJZn5eSgc3bScxMwikFb7XFtDE1NLExMLc0OTLACohS2q&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='print-css-13-1' href='https://s1.wp.com/wp-content/mu-plugins/global-print/global-print.css?m=1465851035i&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='print' /> <style id='jetpack-global-styles-frontend-style-inline-css'> :root { --font-headings: unset; --font-base: unset; --font-headings-default: -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; --font-base-default: -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;} </style> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-16-1' href='https://s2.wp.com/wp-content/themes/h4/global.css?m=1420737423i&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" id="wpcom-actionbar-placeholder-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var actionbardata = {"siteID":"5564166","postID":"0","siteURL":"https:\/\/blog.repec.org","xhrURL":"https:\/\/blog.repec.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"04c17bedd8","isLoggedIn":"","statusMessage":"","subsEmailDefault":"instantly","proxyScriptUrl":"https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/wp-content\/js\/wpcom-proxy-request.js?ver=20211021","i18n":{"followedText":"New posts from this site will now appear in your <a href=\"https:\/\/wordpress.com\/reader\">Reader<\/a>","foldBar":"Collapse this bar","unfoldBar":"Expand this bar","shortLinkCopied":"Shortlink copied to clipboard."}}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="jetpack-mu-wpcom-settings-js-before"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var JETPACK_MU_WPCOM_SETTINGS = {"assetsUrl":"https:\/\/s1.wp.com\/wp-content\/mu-plugins\/jetpack-mu-wpcom-plugin\/sun\/jetpack_vendor\/automattic\/jetpack-mu-wpcom\/src\/build\/"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script crossorigin='anonymous' type='text/javascript' src='https://s1.wp.com/wp-content/js/rlt-proxy.js?m=1720530689i'></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="rlt-proxy-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ rltInitialize( {"token":null,"iframeOrigins":["https:\/\/widgets.wp.com"]} ); /* ]]> */ </script> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://repec.wordpress.com/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress.com" />  <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="og:title" content="October 2014 – The RePEc Blog" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="The RePEc Blog" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://s0.wp.com/i/blank.jpg" /> <meta property="og:image:alt" content="" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta name="twitter:creator" content="@CZimm_economist" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@CZimm_economist" />  <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon" href="https://s1.wp.com/i/favicon.ico" sizes="16x16 24x24 32x32 48x48" /> <link rel="icon" type="image/x-icon" href="https://s1.wp.com/i/favicon.ico" sizes="16x16 24x24 32x32 48x48" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://s2.wp.com/i/webclip.png" /> <link rel='openid.server' href='https://blog.repec.org/?openidserver=1' /> <link rel='openid.delegate' href='https://blog.repec.org/' /> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="https://blog.repec.org/osd.xml" title="The RePEc Blog" /> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="https://s1.wp.com/opensearch.xml" title="WordPress.com" /> <style type="text/css">.recentcomments a{display:inline !important;padding:0 !important;margin:0 !important;}</style> <style type="text/css"> .recentcomments a { display: inline !important; padding: 0 !important; margin: 0 !important; } table.recentcommentsavatartop img.avatar, table.recentcommentsavatarend img.avatar { border: 0px; margin: 0; } table.recentcommentsavatartop a, table.recentcommentsavatarend a { border: 0px !important; background-color: transparent !important; } td.recentcommentsavatarend, td.recentcommentsavatartop { padding: 0px 0px 1px 0px; margin: 0px; } td.recentcommentstextend { border: none !important; padding: 0px 0px 2px 10px; } .rtl td.recentcommentstextend { padding: 0px 10px 2px 0px; } td.recentcommentstexttop { border: none; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; } .rtl td.recentcommentstexttop { padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px; } </style> <meta name="description" content="3 posts published by Christian Zimmermann and Thomas Krichel during October 2014" /> <style type="text/css"> #headerimg{ background: url(https://s2.wp.com/wp-content/themes/pub/contempt/images/blue_flower/head.jpg) no-repeat; } #header h1 a, .description { color:#E5F2E9; } </style> </head> <body class="archive date customizer-styles-applied jetpack-reblog-enabled"> <div id="page"> <div id="header"> <div id="headerimg" onclick="location.href='https://blog.repec.org';" style="cursor: pointer;"> <h1><a href="https://blog.repec.org/">The RePEc Blog</a></h1> <div class="description">Information about Research Papers in Economics (RePEc)</div> </div> </div> <ul id="pagebar" class="menu pagebar"><li ><a href="https://blog.repec.org/">Home</a></li></ul> <div id="grad" style="height: 65px; width: 100%; background: url(https://s2.wp.com/wp-content/themes/pub/contempt/images/blue_flower/topgrad.jpg);"> </div> <div id="content"> <div class="post-1091 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-repec-rankings" id="post-1091"> <h2><a href="https://blog.repec.org/2014/10/31/how-authors-can-improve-their-repec-ranking/" rel="bookmark">How authors can improve their RePEc ranking</a></h2> <small>October 31, 2014</small><br /> <div class="entry"> <p>The main purpose of RePEc is the dissemination of economics research. Over time, various services were added to the bibliographic mission, including <A HREF="https://ideas.repec.org/top/#authors">rankings of economists</A> according to their publication output. Despite being still experimental (we will see why), these rankings have become quite important in the profession. This post explains how authors can best leverage the various RePEc services to improve their standing in these rankings. The rankings are computed using a number of criteria, each highlighting different aspects of research productivity. The headers below reflect these categories.</p> <p><B>Number of works</B></p> <p>Several criteria are just counts of works. The difference is that the works are weighted using various impact factors. To best leverage this, it is important that an author has as many works as possible listed in RePEc. This indexing is typically done by the publisher, which would be a publishing house in the case of books, book chapters or articles, or the local research institution for working papers. <A HREF="https://ideas.repec.org/archives.html">Over 1700</A> such publishers currently participate, and more can join by following <A HREF="https://ideas.repec.org/stepbystep.html">these instructions</A>. It is all free. </p> <p>If that does not help, one can upload a working paper version at the <A HREF="http://mpra.repec.org/">Munich Personal RePEc Archive (MPRA)</A>. It will be listed as a working paper, not as an article, but at least it is on RePEc. Many publishers allow a version that is prior to the final published version to be disseminated there, you can check on the policies at <A HREF="http://www.sherpa.ac.uk/romeo/">SHERPA/RoMEO</A></p> <p>Finally, only the works that the author has claimed on the RePEc Author Service are counted. Authors get emails when something new may be there, but action by author is required to add this to the profile (very few publishers add a code that puts the work directly into the profile). So check your account on a regular basis, and make sure all the possible variations of your name are listed there, or RePEc cannot find all matches.</p> <p><B>Number of pages</B></p> <p>This criterion applies only to works published in journals and uses several weighting schemes. But the same principles apply as above: if some article is missing on RePEc, get the publisher to participate. Sometimes the publisher is actually participating but is not indexing that particular journal, volume, issue or article. Complain with the publisher, not RePEc. Any page on a RePEc service associated with that publisher has a contact email address for such purposes. Complain there as well if there is an error in the listing for any of your works.</p> <p>Note that some journals do not provide page numbers. It is therefore not possible to count pages in such cases.</p> <p><B>Number of citations</B></p> <p>Again, these counts are weighted in various ways. The basis are the citations discovered by the <A>CitEc</A> project. This is likely where the data is the most experimental as some publishers do not allow access to full texts to extract references or link to an intersticial page before the full text. Authors can help here, though, by supplying reference lists. There is <A HREF="http://citec.repec.org/cgi-bin/ui.pl">a form</A> that asks for all references of an articles, not just those that cite the author. The hope is that this will help complete more rapidly the database, and this gives everyone the opportunity to contribute to a public good. Over 1000 authors have helped so far.</p> <p>Note that matching references to documents in RePEc is a difficult exercise and pairs that fall in a grey zone are sent to the RePEc Author Service for authors to verify. So check from time to time whether there is something waiting for you there. </p> <p>It can also help to consolidate different versions of the same work. This is done automatically if the title is identical and the author has all versions in the profile. If the titles differ, <A HREF="https://ideas.repec.org/cgi-bin/addrelated.cgi">this form</A> allows to establish the links. Also, encourage also those who cite you to be registered, as two criteria use this information.</p> <p>Finally, we cannot count citations to works that are not listed in RePEc. If the article is not listed, getting a working paper version listed will help.</p> <p><B>Abstract views and downloads</B></p> <p>We can only count what is going through the participating RePEc services. For example, a link from an author’s homepage to a full text on the publisher’s website cannot be captured because it did not transit through RePEc. Thus, either provide a link to the author’s profile from <A HREF="https://ideas.repec.org/">IDEAS</A> or <A HREF="https://econpapers.repec.org/">EconPapers</A>, or put a link to abstract pages from these services. Put a link to the profile page in the email signature. Note also that working papers generate many more downloads than articles. So, keep your working papers in your profile if you publish an article!</p> <p>Unfortunately, the temptation to manipulate these numbers is big. Hence, a number of safeguards have been put in place: repeatedly downloading a paper will count only once, for example. Tell your class to download your papers and you will earn a zero. More details (but not too many) can be found on the site that published these statistics, <A HREF="http://logec.repec.org/about.htm">LogEc</A>.</p> <p><B>Co-authorship network</B></p> <p>Two criteria are based on how central an author is in the co-authorship network. Details can be found at <A HREF="http://collec.repec.org/">CollEc</A>. To improve one’s score here, one needs of course to get co-authors to be listed on RePEc with a profile (and their co-authors, too). </p> <p><B>Student advising</B></p> <p>This looks at how good an author’s doctoral students are performing with respect to all the criteria above. Thus, if one has been advising students, one needs to make sure this is recorded in RePEc. If the students have a profile, head to the <A HREF="https://genealogy.repec.org/">RePEc Genealogy</A> and complete their entry in the academics family tree of economics. Or do it for your advisor. </p> <p><B>Final thoughts</B></p> <p>One may be disappointed that it is a little bit of work to ensure that one is properly taken into account in the RePEc rankings. RePEc is an crowd-sourced project, it thus relies on the contributions of the community, and has done so, we think successfully, since 1997. If everyone pitches in a little (or more), we can make it even better. And if this helps improve one’s ranking, even better!</p> <p>Of course, there is also the fact that writing better papers helps for one’s ranking, too.</p> </div> <p class="postmetadata"> <img src="https://s2.wp.com/wp-content/themes/pub/contempt/images/blog/speech_bubble.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://blog.repec.org/2014/10/31/how-authors-can-improve-their-repec-ranking/#respond">Leave a Comment »</a> | <img src="https://s2.wp.com/wp-content/themes/pub/contempt/images/blog/documents.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://blog.repec.org/category/repec-rankings/" rel="category tag">RePEc rankings</a> | <img src="https://s2.wp.com/wp-content/themes/pub/contempt/images/blog/permalink.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://blog.repec.org/2014/10/31/how-authors-can-improve-their-repec-ranking/" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to How authors can improve their RePEc ranking">Permalink</a> <br /><img src="https://s2.wp.com/wp-content/themes/pub/contempt/images/blog/figure_ver1.gif" alt="" /> Posted by Christian Zimmermann </p> </div> <hr /> <div class="post-1078 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-bibliographic-features-in-repec category-repec-features" id="post-1078"> <h2><a href="https://blog.repec.org/2014/10/23/new-linkages-with-repec/" rel="bookmark">New linkages with RePEc</a></h2> <small>October 23, 2014</small><br /> <div class="entry"> <p>In my <A HREF="https://blog.repec.org/2014/09/13/the-value-of-repec-an-introduction/">previous post</A>, I have alluded to the fact that the value of RePEc comes from linkages between identified elements. In the next post, I will set out a working example of linkage usage in the <A HREF="http://collec.repec.org/">CollEc project</A>. In this post, I’m discussing a direction for future work. It’s about creating new linkage type. Much of this is already implemented at <A HREF="http://socionet.ru/">SocioNet</A>. SocioNet is a RePEc service that originated in Russia in the 1990s. They hold RePEc data and combine it with local data.</p> <p>Recently, login data from the <A HREF="https://authors.repec.org/">RePEc Author Service</A> has become available to other RePEc service via a protocol known as openID. Soon RAS-registered users will be able to login to SocioNet without having to create a SocioNet account, just simply by using their RAS account. SocioNet then knows that you are an identified author. When you are logged into SocioNet in this way, SocioNet knows that you have written a bunch of papers, that I will now call “your papers”. Based on the knowledge of your authorship, it can assume that you know your work and the surrounding literature. It can give you get a personalized web interface based on RAS data. In that interface you will be able to conveniently supply further details about your work.</p> <p>First, SocioNet can enquire about the role of your collaborators in a given research paper. In conventional abstracting and indexing data, all contributors to a paper are placed into a list of authors. But usually, the co-authors each have different roles in the papers writing process. You can indicate the roles using a simple controlled vocabulary.</p> <p>Second, using SocioNet you will be able to provide linkages between papers. One of the linked papers has to be yours. The other paper may be yours, but it may not be.</p> <p>Let’s look at cases where you wrote both papers that you want to link. One thing you may want to tell users is how papers relate to each other. So you can say that one paper is an abridged version of the other, that a third paper is a development of the fourth. Eventually, such relationships could be picked up by RePEc services to create commented links between your papers. This is particularly useful if you have a version of a paper you don’t like any more. You can point users to a better version of the paper.</p> <p>When you only wrote one of the papers, the other paper has to be on the reference list of one of your papers. In that case you can bring in a vocabulary containing terms like “develops model from”, or “uses software from” or “uses data from”. There are two aspects to these document to document relations.</p> <p>One is that guessing the context of a citation is really difficult using the automated ways in which the citation is actually being produced. If users can take a small amount of time to classify citations according to a simple menu than we would be able to get more valuable information about the structure of ideas across papers.</p> <p>The other is that building relationship with sources of data and software would advertise the data and software and promote the sharing of these resources. RePEc already works with software. It would be great if it could work with datasets, i.e. as and when reusable datasets would be considered as publications in their own right, then users could point to a dataset used in the publication right in the metadata. It could then be possible to create a list of all the publications using a certain dataset. That would be a great way to unify papers on a certain topic and of course, to promote the dataset maintenance as an additional academic endeavour.</p> </div> <p class="postmetadata"> <img src="https://s2.wp.com/wp-content/themes/pub/contempt/images/blog/speech_bubble.gif" alt="" /> <span>Comments Off<span class="screen-reader-text"> on New linkages with RePEc</span></span> | <img src="https://s2.wp.com/wp-content/themes/pub/contempt/images/blog/documents.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://blog.repec.org/category/bibliographic-features-in-repec/" rel="category tag">Bibliographic features in RePEc</a>, <a href="https://blog.repec.org/category/repec-features/" rel="category tag">RePEc features</a> | <img src="https://s2.wp.com/wp-content/themes/pub/contempt/images/blog/permalink.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://blog.repec.org/2014/10/23/new-linkages-with-repec/" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to New linkages with RePEc">Permalink</a> <br /><img src="https://s2.wp.com/wp-content/themes/pub/contempt/images/blog/figure_ver1.gif" alt="" /> Posted by Thomas Krichel </p> </div> <hr /> <div class="post-1082 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-workings-of-repec" id="post-1082"> <h2><a href="https://blog.repec.org/2014/10/03/repec-in-september-2014/" rel="bookmark">RePEc in September 2014</a></h2> <small>October 3, 2014</small><br /> <div class="entry"> <p>Quite a few new developments this month: All RePEc sites hosted at the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis are now encrypted (“https”), allowing a more secure user experience. You can now add a picture, social networks and areas of interest to your citation profile at <A HREF="http://citec.repec.org/cgi-bin/edpr.pl">My CitEc</A>. The <A HREF="https://ideas.repec.org/cgi-bin/random.cgi">random paper finder</A> on IDEAS now uses citation weighting. And the dormant <A HREF="http://nep.repec.org/nep-afr.html">NEP-AFR</A> report (New Economics Papers on Africa) has been revived. Not bad for a single month.</p> <p>We counted 491,312 file downloads and 1,797,609 abstract views in September 2014. NEP got another record traffic month, possibly helped by the fact that NEP reports are now available on Twitter. We have also welcomed the following newly participating RePEc archives: Association of African Young Economists, Universität Duisburg-Essen (III), Université d’Orléans, University of St. Andrews (II), Bank of Japan (II), University of Limerick, Syddansk Universitet, Universität Kiel, IQRA University, Multinational Finance Society. As to the thresholds we passed:</p> <p>80000000 cumulative downloads from reporting RePEc services<br /> 1500000 indexed documents available online<br /> 750000 paper announcements through NEP<br /> 750 NEP-ALL reports</p> </div> <p class="postmetadata"> <img src="https://s2.wp.com/wp-content/themes/pub/contempt/images/blog/speech_bubble.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://blog.repec.org/2014/10/03/repec-in-september-2014/#respond">Leave a Comment »</a> | <img src="https://s2.wp.com/wp-content/themes/pub/contempt/images/blog/documents.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://blog.repec.org/category/workings-of-repec/" rel="category tag">Workings of RePEc</a> | <img src="https://s2.wp.com/wp-content/themes/pub/contempt/images/blog/permalink.gif" alt="" /> <a href="https://blog.repec.org/2014/10/03/repec-in-september-2014/" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to RePEc in September 2014">Permalink</a> <br /><img src="https://s2.wp.com/wp-content/themes/pub/contempt/images/blog/figure_ver1.gif" alt="" /> Posted by Christian Zimmermann </p> </div> <hr /> <div class="navigation"> <div class="alignleft"></div> <div class="alignright"></div> </div> </div> <div id="sidebar"> <ul> <li> <p>You are currently browsing the <a href="https://blog.repec.org/">The RePEc Blog</a> blog archives for October, 2014.</p> </li> <li id="text-278912801" class="widget widget_text"> <div class="textwidget"><IMG SRC="https://i0.wp.com/repec.org/img/repec.gif" HEIGHT="29" WIDTH="126"></div> </li> <li id="text-278912802" class="widget widget_text"><h2 class="widgettitle">About this blog</h2> <div class="textwidget">Welcome to the RePEc blog. We, the RePEc team, discuss here the workings of RePEc and seek input from the community on how we can improve. We also want to give more volunteers opportunity to be part of this project and provide valuable services to the profession. Finally, we also discuss issues about the dissemination of research in Economics. </div> </li> <li id="blog_subscription-3" class="widget widget_blog_subscription jetpack_subscription_widget"><h2 class="widgettitle"><label for="subscribe-field">Follow Blog via Email</label></h2> <div class="wp-block-jetpack-subscriptions__container"> <form action="https://subscribe.wordpress.com" method="post" accept-charset="utf-8" data-blog="5564166" data-post_access_level="everybody" id="subscribe-blog" > <p>Enter your email address to follow this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email.</p> <p id="subscribe-email"> <label id="subscribe-field-label" for="subscribe-field" class="screen-reader-text" > Email Address: </label> <input type="email" name="email" style="width: 95%; padding: 1px 10px" placeholder="Email Address" value="" id="subscribe-field" required /> </p> <p id="subscribe-submit" > <input type="hidden" name="action" value="subscribe"/> <input type="hidden" name="blog_id" value="5564166"/> <input type="hidden" name="source" value="https://blog.repec.org/2014/10/"/> <input type="hidden" name="sub-type" value="widget"/> <input type="hidden" name="redirect_fragment" value="subscribe-blog"/> <input type="hidden" id="_wpnonce" name="_wpnonce" value="063a020e71" /> <button type="submit" class="wp-block-button__link" > Follow </button> </p> </form> <div class="wp-block-jetpack-subscriptions__subscount"> Join 6,195 other subscribers </div> </div> </li> <li id="search-3" class="widget widget_search"><h2 class="widgettitle">Search the RePEc blog</h2> <form method="get" id="searchform" action="https://blog.repec.org/"> <div><label for="s" class="search-label">Search</label><input type="text" value="" name="s" id="s" /> <input type="submit" id="searchsubmit" value="Search" /> </div> </form></li> <li id="text-278912808" class="widget widget_text"><h2 class="widgettitle">RePEc</h2> <div class="textwidget"><ul> <li><A href="http://repec.org/">RePEc homepage</A></li> <li><A href="https://ideas.repec.org/help.html">FAQs and help</A></li> <li><A href="https://ideas.repec.org/stepbystep.html">Open your local RePEc archive</A></li> <p><LI><A href="https://ideas.repec.org/archives.html">Participating archives</a></li> <p><LI><A href="https://ideas.repec.org/team.html">RePEc team</A></li> <li><A href="https://blog.repec.org/2009/05/23/suggestion-box/">Suggestion box</A></LI> <li><A href="https://ideas.repec.org/volunteers.html">Volunteer opportunities</A></LI> </ul> </div> </li> <li id="text-278912807" class="widget widget_text"><h2 class="widgettitle">Core RePEc services</h2> <div class="textwidget"><ul> <li><A href="https://citec.repec.org/">CitEc</A> citation analysis</li> <li><A href="https://collec.repec.org/">CollEc</A> coauthorship network</li> <li><A href="https://econpapers.repec.org/">EconPapers</A> bibliography</li> <p><LI><A href="https://edirc.repec.org/">EDIRC</a> institution authority</li> <p><LI><A href="https://ideas.repec.org/">IDEAS</A> bibliography</li> <li><A href="https://nep.repec.org/">NEP</A> paper announcements</LI> <li><A href="https://ideas.repec.org/top/">Rankings</A></LI><br /> <LI><A href="https://authors.repec.org/">RePEc Author Service</a> author authority</li> <p><LI><A HREF="https://biblio.repec.org/">RePEc Biblio</A> curated bibligraphy</li> <li><A HREF="https://genealogy.repec.org/">RePEc Genealogy</A> academic family tree</li> </ul> </div> </li> <li id="authors-2" class="widget widget_authors"><h2 class="widgettitle">Authors</h2> <ul><li><a href="https://blog.repec.org/author/annaoates/"><strong>annaoates</strong></a></li><li><strong>bbatiz</strong></li><li><a href="https://blog.repec.org/author/bdfresearch/"><strong>Soledad Zignago</strong></a></li><li><a href="https://blog.repec.org/author/bgoffe/"><strong>Bill Goffe</strong></a></li><li><a href="https://blog.repec.org/author/ekkehart/"><strong>Ekkehart Schlicht</strong></a></li><li><a href="https://blog.repec.org/author/jobarcru/"><strong>Jose Manuel Barrueco</strong></a></li><li><a href="https://blog.repec.org/author/kitbaum/"><strong>Kit Baum</strong></a></li><li><a href="https://blog.repec.org/author/krichel/"><strong>Thomas Krichel</strong></a></li><li><a href="https://blog.repec.org/author/r14160/"><strong>Christian Zimmermann</strong></a></li><li><a href="https://blog.repec.org/author/repecblogguest/"><strong>repecblogguest</strong></a></li><li><a href="https://blog.repec.org/author/sparinov/"><strong>Sergey Parinov</strong></a></li><li><a href="https://blog.repec.org/author/sunekarlsson/"><strong>Sune Karlsson</strong></a></li></ul></li> <li id="archives-2" class="widget widget_archive"><h2 class="widgettitle">Archives</h2> <ul> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2025/03/'>March 2025</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2025/02/'>February 2025</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2025/01/'>January 2025</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2024/12/'>December 2024</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2024/11/'>November 2024</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2024/10/'>October 2024</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2024/09/'>September 2024</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2024/08/'>August 2024</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2024/07/'>July 2024</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2024/06/'>June 2024</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2024/05/'>May 2024</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2024/04/'>April 2024</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2024/03/'>March 2024</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2024/02/'>February 2024</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2024/01/'>January 2024</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2023/12/'>December 2023</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2023/11/'>November 2023</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2023/10/'>October 2023</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2023/09/'>September 2023</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2023/08/'>August 2023</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2023/07/'>July 2023</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2023/06/'>June 2023</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2023/05/'>May 2023</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2023/04/'>April 2023</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2023/03/'>March 2023</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2023/02/'>February 2023</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2023/01/'>January 2023</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2022/12/'>December 2022</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2022/11/'>November 2022</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2022/10/'>October 2022</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2022/09/'>September 2022</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2022/08/'>August 2022</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2022/07/'>July 2022</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2022/06/'>June 2022</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2022/05/'>May 2022</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2022/04/'>April 2022</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2022/03/'>March 2022</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2022/02/'>February 2022</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2022/01/'>January 2022</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2021/12/'>December 2021</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2021/11/'>November 2021</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2021/10/'>October 2021</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2021/09/'>September 2021</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2021/08/'>August 2021</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2021/07/'>July 2021</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2021/06/'>June 2021</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2021/05/'>May 2021</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2021/04/'>April 2021</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2021/03/'>March 2021</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2021/02/'>February 2021</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2021/01/'>January 2021</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2020/12/'>December 2020</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2020/11/'>November 2020</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2020/10/'>October 2020</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2020/09/'>September 2020</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2020/08/'>August 2020</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2020/07/'>July 2020</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2020/06/'>June 2020</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2020/05/'>May 2020</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2020/04/'>April 2020</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2020/03/'>March 2020</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2020/02/'>February 2020</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2020/01/'>January 2020</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2019/12/'>December 2019</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2019/11/'>November 2019</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2019/10/'>October 2019</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2019/09/'>September 2019</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2019/08/'>August 2019</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2019/07/'>July 2019</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2019/06/'>June 2019</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2019/05/'>May 2019</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2019/04/'>April 2019</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2019/03/'>March 2019</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2019/02/'>February 2019</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2019/01/'>January 2019</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2018/12/'>December 2018</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2018/11/'>November 2018</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2018/10/'>October 2018</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2018/09/'>September 2018</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2018/08/'>August 2018</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2018/07/'>July 2018</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2018/06/'>June 2018</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2018/05/'>May 2018</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2018/04/'>April 2018</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2018/03/'>March 2018</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2018/02/'>February 2018</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2018/01/'>January 2018</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2017/12/'>December 2017</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2017/11/'>November 2017</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2017/10/'>October 2017</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2017/09/'>September 2017</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2017/08/'>August 2017</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2017/07/'>July 2017</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2017/06/'>June 2017</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2017/05/'>May 2017</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2017/04/'>April 2017</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2017/03/'>March 2017</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2017/02/'>February 2017</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2017/01/'>January 2017</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2016/12/'>December 2016</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2016/11/'>November 2016</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2016/10/'>October 2016</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2016/09/'>September 2016</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2016/08/'>August 2016</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2016/07/'>July 2016</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2016/06/'>June 2016</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2016/05/'>May 2016</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2016/04/'>April 2016</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2016/03/'>March 2016</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2016/02/'>February 2016</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2016/01/'>January 2016</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2015/12/'>December 2015</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2015/11/'>November 2015</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2015/10/'>October 2015</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2015/09/'>September 2015</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2015/08/'>August 2015</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2015/07/'>July 2015</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2015/06/'>June 2015</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2015/05/'>May 2015</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2015/04/'>April 2015</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2015/03/'>March 2015</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2015/02/'>February 2015</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2015/01/'>January 2015</a> (4)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2014/12/'>December 2014</a> (5)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2014/11/'>November 2014</a> (4)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2014/10/' aria-current="page">October 2014</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2014/09/'>September 2014</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2014/08/'>August 2014</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2014/07/'>July 2014</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2014/06/'>June 2014</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2014/05/'>May 2014</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2014/04/'>April 2014</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2014/03/'>March 2014</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2014/02/'>February 2014</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2014/01/'>January 2014</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2013/12/'>December 2013</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2013/11/'>November 2013</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2013/10/'>October 2013</a> (4)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2013/09/'>September 2013</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2013/08/'>August 2013</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2013/07/'>July 2013</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2013/06/'>June 2013</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2013/05/'>May 2013</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2013/04/'>April 2013</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2013/03/'>March 2013</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2013/02/'>February 2013</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2013/01/'>January 2013</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2012/12/'>December 2012</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2012/11/'>November 2012</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2012/10/'>October 2012</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2012/09/'>September 2012</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2012/08/'>August 2012</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2012/07/'>July 2012</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2012/06/'>June 2012</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2012/05/'>May 2012</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2012/04/'>April 2012</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2012/03/'>March 2012</a> (4)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2012/02/'>February 2012</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2012/01/'>January 2012</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2011/12/'>December 2011</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2011/11/'>November 2011</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2011/10/'>October 2011</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2011/09/'>September 2011</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2011/08/'>August 2011</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2011/07/'>July 2011</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2011/06/'>June 2011</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2011/05/'>May 2011</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2011/04/'>April 2011</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2011/03/'>March 2011</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2011/02/'>February 2011</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2011/01/'>January 2011</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2010/12/'>December 2010</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2010/11/'>November 2010</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2010/10/'>October 2010</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2010/09/'>September 2010</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2010/08/'>August 2010</a> (4)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2010/07/'>July 2010</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2010/06/'>June 2010</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2010/05/'>May 2010</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2010/04/'>April 2010</a> (4)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2010/03/'>March 2010</a> (4)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2010/02/'>February 2010</a> (4)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2010/01/'>January 2010</a> (5)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2009/12/'>December 2009</a> (4)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2009/11/'>November 2009</a> (4)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2009/10/'>October 2009</a> (4)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2009/09/'>September 2009</a> (4)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2009/08/'>August 2009</a> (4)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2009/07/'>July 2009</a> (4)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2009/06/'>June 2009</a> (4)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2009/05/'>May 2009</a> (5)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2009/04/'>April 2009</a> (4)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2009/03/'>March 2009</a> (4)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2009/02/'>February 2009</a> (4)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2009/01/'>January 2009</a> (4)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2008/12/'>December 2008</a> (4)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2008/11/'>November 2008</a> (4)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2008/10/'>October 2008</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2008/09/'>September 2008</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2008/08/'>August 2008</a> (4)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2008/07/'>July 2008</a> (4)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2008/06/'>June 2008</a> (4)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2008/05/'>May 2008</a> (4)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2008/04/'>April 2008</a> (6)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2008/03/'>March 2008</a> (5)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2008/02/'>February 2008</a> (4)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2008/01/'>January 2008</a> (5)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2007/12/'>December 2007</a> (7)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2007/11/'>November 2007</a> (7)</li> <li><a href='https://blog.repec.org/2007/10/'>October 2007</a> (5)</li> </ul> </li> <li id="categories-295375041" class="widget widget_categories"><h2 class="widgettitle">Categories</h2> <ul> <li class="cat-item cat-item-15307967"><a href="https://blog.repec.org/category/bibliographic-features-in-repec/">Bibliographic features in RePEc</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-15307953"><a href="https://blog.repec.org/category/dissemination-of-research-in-economics/">Dissemination of research in Economics</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-13638668"><a href="https://blog.repec.org/category/economics-profession/">Economics Profession</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-4117876"><a href="https://blog.repec.org/category/going-off-on-a-tangent/">Going off on a tangent</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-36718326"><a href="https://blog.repec.org/category/open-access-2/">Open Access</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-55276"><a href="https://blog.repec.org/category/open-archives/">Open Archives</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-15307984"><a href="https://blog.repec.org/category/repec-blog-policy/">RePEc blog policy</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-13638670"><a href="https://blog.repec.org/category/repec-features/">RePEc features</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-15307944"><a href="https://blog.repec.org/category/repec-policy-discussion/">RePEc policy discussion</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-15307904"><a href="https://blog.repec.org/category/repec-rankings/">RePEc rankings</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-15307897"><a href="https://blog.repec.org/category/repec-volunteers/">RePEc volunteers</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-15308001"><a href="https://blog.repec.org/category/temporary-repec-announcements/">Temporary RePEc announcements</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-1"><a href="https://blog.repec.org/category/uncategorized/">Uncategorized</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-16704204"><a href="https://blog.repec.org/category/use-of-repec-data/">Use of RePEc data</a> </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-13638674"><a href="https://blog.repec.org/category/workings-of-repec/">Workings of RePEc</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="recent-posts-2" class="widget widget_recent_entries"> <h2 class="widgettitle">Recent Posts</h2> <ul> <li> <a href="https://blog.repec.org/2025/03/14/repec-in-february-2025/">RePEc in February 2025</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://blog.repec.org/2025/02/06/repec-in-january-2025/">RePEc in January 2025</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://blog.repec.org/2025/02/05/bob-parks-1946-2025-the-internet-pioneer-of-economics/">Bob Parks (1946-2025), the Internet pioneer of economics</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://blog.repec.org/2025/01/06/repec-in-december-2024-and-a-look-back-at-year-2024/">RePEc in December 2024 and a look back at Year 2024</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://blog.repec.org/2024/12/05/repec-in-november-2024/">RePEc in November 2024</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://blog.repec.org/2024/11/05/repec-in-october-2024/">RePEc in October 2024</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://blog.repec.org/2024/10/08/repec-in-september-2024/">RePEc in September 2024</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://blog.repec.org/2024/09/05/repec-in-august-2024/">RePEc in August 2024</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://blog.repec.org/2024/08/08/repec-in-july-2024/">RePEc in July 2024</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://blog.repec.org/2024/07/03/repec-in-june-2024/">RePEc in June 2024</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://blog.repec.org/2024/07/01/which-locations-use-repec-the-most/">Which locations use RePEc the most?</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://blog.repec.org/2024/06/07/repec-in-may-2024/">RePEc in May 2024</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://blog.repec.org/2024/05/06/repec-in-april-2024/">RePEc in April 2024</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://blog.repec.org/2024/04/05/repec-in-march-2024/">RePEc in March 2024</a> </li> <li> <a href="https://blog.repec.org/2024/03/05/repec-in-february-2024/">RePEc in February 2024</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="rss-2" class="widget widget_rss"><h2 class="widgettitle"><a class="rsswidget" href="https://ideas.repec.org/nepblogs.xml" title="Syndicate this content"><img style="background: orange; color: white; border: none;" width="14" height="14" src="https://s.wordpress.com/wp-includes/images/rss.png?m=1354137473i" alt="RSS" /></a> <a class="rsswidget" href="http://nep.repec.org" title="Discussions about the latest research in Economics">NEP Blogs</a></h2> <ul><li><a class='rsswidget' href='https://nepara.wordpress.com/' title=''>NEP-ARA: Economics of the MENA - Middle East and North Africa</a></li><li><a class='rsswidget' href='https://nepdge.wordpress.com/' title=''>NEP-DGE: Dynamic General Equilibrium</a></li><li><a class='rsswidget' href='https://nephist.wordpress.com/' title=''>NEP-HIS: Business, Economic and Financial History</a></li><li><a class='rsswidget' href='https://nepint.wordpress.com/' title=''>NEP-INT: International Trade</a></li><li><a class='rsswidget' href='https://nepltv.wordpress.com/' title=''>NEP-LTV: Unemployment, Inequality and Poverty</a></li><li><a class='rsswidget' href='https://nepopm.wordpress.com/' title=''>NEP-OPM: Open Macroeconomics</a></li><li><a class='rsswidget' href='https://cashlesssociety.wordpress.com/' title=''>NEP-PAY: The Cashless Society</a></li></ul></li> <li id="text-278912803" class="widget widget_text"><h2 class="widgettitle">Comment policy</h2> <div class="textwidget"><p>To post a comment, you need to be registered with this blog with a valid email address. Your first comment may be delayed for verification purposes. Note: you may need to create a new account if your old one predated the <a href="https://blog.repec.org/2008/11/19/the-blog-has-moved-to-a-new-host/">move to our new blog service</a>.</p> </div> </li> <li id="recent-comments-2" class="widget widget_recent_comments"><h2 class="widgettitle">Recent Comments</h2> <ul id="recentcomments"> <li class="recentcomments"> GINSBURGH Victor on <a href="https://blog.repec.org/2024/06/07/repec-in-may-2024/#comment-33313">RePEc in May 2024</a> </li> <li class="recentcomments"> Willy Schuettelbier on <a href="https://blog.repec.org/2023/10/11/repec-in-september-2023/#comment-32207">RePEc in September 2023</a> </li> <li class="recentcomments"> <a href="http://ideas.repec.org/zimm/" class="url" rel="ugc external nofollow">Christian Zimmermann</a> on <a href="https://blog.repec.org/2023/10/11/repec-in-september-2023/#comment-32205">RePEc in September 2023</a> </li> <li class="recentcomments"> Willy Schuettelbier on <a href="https://blog.repec.org/2023/10/11/repec-in-september-2023/#comment-32204">RePEc in September 2023</a> </li> <li class="recentcomments"> <a href="http://ideas.repec.org/zimm/" class="url" rel="ugc external nofollow">Christian Zimmermann</a> on <a href="https://blog.repec.org/2023/10/11/repec-in-september-2023/#comment-32199">RePEc in September 2023</a> </li> <li class="recentcomments"> Willy Schuettelbier on <a href="https://blog.repec.org/2023/10/11/repec-in-september-2023/#comment-32198">RePEc in September 2023</a> </li> <li class="recentcomments"> <a href="http://ideas.repec.org/zimm/" class="url" rel="ugc external nofollow">Christian Zimmermann</a> on <a href="https://blog.repec.org/2022/08/08/repec-in-july-2022/#comment-31996">RePEc in July 2022</a> </li> <li class="recentcomments"> <a href="https://telkomuniversity.ac.id/" class="url" rel="ugc external nofollow">apriliakinanti</a> on <a href="https://blog.repec.org/2022/08/08/repec-in-july-2022/#comment-31973">RePEc in July 2022</a> </li> <li class="recentcomments"> abdulwasayimperiumdynamicscom on <a href="https://blog.repec.org/2022/11/04/how-to-create-a-good-pdf/#comment-31915">How to create a (good) PDF</a> </li> <li class="recentcomments"> <a href="http://ideas.repec.org/zimm/" class="url" rel="ugc external nofollow">Christian Zimmermann</a> on <a href="https://blog.repec.org/2022/08/05/repec-genealogy-the-academic-family-tree-of-economists/#comment-31818">RePEc Genealogy, the academic family tree of economists</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="meta-2" class="widget widget_meta"><h2 class="widgettitle">Meta</h2> <ul> <li><a href="https://wordpress.com/start?ref=wplogin">Register</a></li> <li><a href="https://repec.wordpress.com/wp-login.php">Log in</a></li> <li><a href="https://blog.repec.org/feed/">Entries feed</a></li> <li><a href="https://blog.repec.org/comments/feed/">Comments feed</a></li> <li><a href="https://wordpress.com/" title="Powered by WordPress, state-of-the-art semantic personal publishing platform.">WordPress.com</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> <div id="footer"> <p> <br /> <a href="https://wordpress.com/?ref=footer_blog" rel="nofollow">Blog at WordPress.com.</a> </p> </div> </div>  <div style="display:none"> </div> <div id="actionbar" dir="ltr" style="display: none;" class="actnbr-pub-contempt actnbr-has-follow actnbr-has-actions"> <ul> <li class="actnbr-btn actnbr-hidden"> <a class="actnbr-action actnbr-actn-follow " href=""> <svg class="gridicon" height="20" width="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path clip-rule="evenodd" d="m4 4.5h12v6.5h1.5v-6.5-1.5h-1.5-12-1.5v1.5 10.5c0 1.1046.89543 2 2 2h7v-1.5h-7c-.27614 0-.5-.2239-.5-.5zm10.5 2h-9v1.5h9zm-5 3h-4v1.5h4zm3.5 1.5h-1v1h1zm-1-1.5h-1.5v1.5 1 1.5h1.5 1 1.5v-1.5-1-1.5h-1.5zm-2.5 2.5h-4v1.5h4zm6.5 1.25h1.5v2.25h2.25v1.5h-2.25v2.25h-1.5v-2.25h-2.25v-1.5h2.25z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path></svg> <span>Subscribe</span> </a> <a class="actnbr-action actnbr-actn-following no-display" href=""> <svg class="gridicon" height="20" width="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M16 4.5H4V15C4 15.2761 4.22386 15.5 4.5 15.5H11.5V17H4.5C3.39543 17 2.5 16.1046 2.5 15V4.5V3H4H16H17.5V4.5V12.5H16V4.5ZM5.5 6.5H14.5V8H5.5V6.5ZM5.5 9.5H9.5V11H5.5V9.5ZM12 11H13V12H12V11ZM10.5 9.5H12H13H14.5V11V12V13.5H13H12H10.5V12V11V9.5ZM5.5 12H9.5V13.5H5.5V12Z" fill="#008A20"></path><path class="following-icon-tick" d="M13.5 16L15.5 18L19 14.5" stroke="#008A20" stroke-width="1.5"></path></svg> <span>Subscribed</span> </a> <div class="actnbr-popover tip tip-top-left actnbr-notice" id="follow-bubble"> <div class="tip-arrow"></div> <div class="tip-inner actnbr-follow-bubble"> <ul> <li class="actnbr-sitename"> <a href="https://blog.repec.org"> <img loading='lazy' alt='' src='https://s2.wp.com/i/logo/wpcom-gray-white.png' srcset='https://s2.wp.com/i/logo/wpcom-gray-white.png 1x' class='avatar avatar-50' height='50' width='50' /> The RePEc Blog </a> </li> <div class="actnbr-message no-display"></div> <form method="post" action="https://subscribe.wordpress.com" accept-charset="utf-8" style="display: none;"> <div class="actnbr-follow-count">Join 449 other subscribers</div> <div> <input type="email" name="email" placeholder="Enter your email address" class="actnbr-email-field" aria-label="Enter your email address" /> </div> <input type="hidden" name="action" value="subscribe" /> <input type="hidden" name="blog_id" value="5564166" /> <input type="hidden" name="source" value="https://blog.repec.org/2014/10/" /> <input type="hidden" name="sub-type" value="actionbar-follow" /> <input type="hidden" id="_wpnonce" name="_wpnonce" value="063a020e71" /> <div class="actnbr-button-wrap"> <button type="submit" value="Sign me up"> Sign me up </button> </div> </form> <li class="actnbr-login-nudge"> <div> Already have a WordPress.com account? <a href="https://wordpress.com/log-in?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fr-login.wordpress.com%2Fremote-login.php%3Faction%3Dlink%26back%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Fblog.repec.org%252F2014%252F10%252F31%252Fhow-authors-can-improve-their-repec-ranking%252F">Log in now.</a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li class="actnbr-ellipsis actnbr-hidden"> <svg class="gridicon gridicons-ellipsis" height="24" width="24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><g><path d="M7 12c0 1.104-.896 2-2 2s-2-.896-2-2 .896-2 2-2 2 .896 2 2zm12-2c-1.104 0-2 .896-2 2s.896 2 2 2 2-.896 2-2-.896-2-2-2zm-7 0c-1.104 0-2 .896-2 2s.896 2 2 2 2-.896 2-2-.896-2-2-2z"/></g></svg> <div class="actnbr-popover tip tip-top-left actnbr-more"> <div class="tip-arrow"></div> <div class="tip-inner"> <ul> <li class="actnbr-sitename"> <a href="https://blog.repec.org"> <img loading='lazy' alt='' src='https://s2.wp.com/i/logo/wpcom-gray-white.png' srcset='https://s2.wp.com/i/logo/wpcom-gray-white.png 1x' class='avatar avatar-50' height='50' width='50' /> The RePEc Blog </a> </li> <li class="actnbr-folded-follow"> <a class="actnbr-action actnbr-actn-follow " href=""> <svg class="gridicon" height="20" width="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path clip-rule="evenodd" d="m4 4.5h12v6.5h1.5v-6.5-1.5h-1.5-12-1.5v1.5 10.5c0 1.1046.89543 2 2 2h7v-1.5h-7c-.27614 0-.5-.2239-.5-.5zm10.5 2h-9v1.5h9zm-5 3h-4v1.5h4zm3.5 1.5h-1v1h1zm-1-1.5h-1.5v1.5 1 1.5h1.5 1 1.5v-1.5-1-1.5h-1.5zm-2.5 2.5h-4v1.5h4zm6.5 1.25h1.5v2.25h2.25v1.5h-2.25v2.25h-1.5v-2.25h-2.25v-1.5h2.25z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path></svg> <span>Subscribe</span> </a> <a class="actnbr-action actnbr-actn-following no-display" href=""> <svg class="gridicon" height="20" width="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M16 4.5H4V15C4 15.2761 4.22386 15.5 4.5 15.5H11.5V17H4.5C3.39543 17 2.5 16.1046 2.5 15V4.5V3H4H16H17.5V4.5V12.5H16V4.5ZM5.5 6.5H14.5V8H5.5V6.5ZM5.5 9.5H9.5V11H5.5V9.5ZM12 11H13V12H12V11ZM10.5 9.5H12H13H14.5V11V12V13.5H13H12H10.5V12V11V9.5ZM5.5 12H9.5V13.5H5.5V12Z" fill="#008A20"></path><path class="following-icon-tick" d="M13.5 16L15.5 18L19 14.5" stroke="#008A20" stroke-width="1.5"></path></svg> <span>Subscribed</span> </a> </li> <li class="actnbr-signup"><a href="https://wordpress.com/start/">Sign up</a></li> <li class="actnbr-login"><a href="https://wordpress.com/log-in?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Fr-login.wordpress.com%2Fremote-login.php%3Faction%3Dlink%26back%3Dhttps%253A%252F%252Fblog.repec.org%252F2014%252F10%252F31%252Fhow-authors-can-improve-their-repec-ranking%252F">Log in</a></li> <li class="flb-report"> <a href="https://wordpress.com/abuse/?report_url=https://blog.repec.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> Report this content </a> </li> <li class="actnbr-reader"> <a href="https://wordpress.com/reader/feeds/253067"> View site in Reader </a> </li> <li class="actnbr-subs"> <a href="https://subscribe.wordpress.com/">Manage subscriptions</a> </li> <li class="actnbr-fold"><a href="">Collapse this bar</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <script> window.addEventListener( "load", function( event ) { var link = document.createElement( "link" ); link.href = "https://s0.wp.com/wp-content/mu-plugins/actionbar/actionbar.css?v=20250116"; link.type = "text/css"; link.rel = "stylesheet"; document.head.appendChild( link ); var script = document.createElement( "script" ); script.src = "https://s0.wp.com/wp-content/mu-plugins/actionbar/actionbar.js?v=20250204"; script.defer = true; document.body.appendChild( script ); } ); </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://s1.wp.com/wp-content/js/mobile-useragent-info.js?m=1609849039i&ver=20241018" id="mobile-useragent-info-js" defer="defer" data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> (function () { var wpcom_reblog = { source: 'toolbar', toggle_reblog_box_flair: function (obj_id, post_id) { // Go to site selector. This will redirect to their blog if they only have one. const postEndpoint = `https://wordpress.com/post`; // Ideally we would use the permalink here, but fortunately this will be replaced with the // post permalink in the editor. const originalURL = `${ document.location.href }?page_id=${ post_id }`; const url = postEndpoint + '?url=' + encodeURIComponent( originalURL ) + '&is_post_share=true' + '&v=5'; const redirect = function () { if ( ! window.open( url, '_blank' ) ) { location.href = url; } }; if ( /Firefox/.test( navigator.userAgent ) ) { setTimeout( redirect, 0 ); } else { redirect(); } }, }; window.wpcom_reblog = wpcom_reblog; })(); </script> <script src="//stats.wp.com/w.js?68" defer></script> <script type="text/javascript"> _tkq = window._tkq || []; _stq = window._stq || []; _tkq.push(['storeContext', {'blog_id':'5564166','blog_tz':'0','user_lang':'en','blog_lang':'en','user_id':'0'}]); _stq.push(['view', {'blog':'5564166','v':'wpcom','tz':'0','user_id':'0','subd':'repec'}]); _stq.push(['extra', {'crypt':'UE40eW5QN0p8M2Y/RE1mNzc2NTVTamdsd0xoLz9RQkM2K298TXY9bERQMXc2MjhEaVZfb2wwakRoSj0mUkp1THptM1NdbkV1WjZIcU9mVWQmPUIvMlN6Jk8wW3NYVEJ3dWZOWExuWD8lRDBtMGt1TUV2L1hfaUF5M3Jvd0d5XUxVdHBFbGFWM0tOTDYuPW5wLUI4PzlfWDNOLnxHVmhaP1RpS3B4K0NbbTUyMW9YSTFMcmwtXXhyeiVIJkQyVW9EfGlXfjNTdkYyVksrNWc/eldlUD1KJmROdy1RUl1PdH5uUHxFWjN+Mi0/THk9K3JUTXBSOVVNWyVxcGhkYTIlXSVYbzVhQTJqaiVrWHpCbS40JW5jWVlUUDZuQzVwanxJQ21zWzJvNXUyUnpUJkhTQU85cFJoeE1CTklDU2RJ'}]); _stq.push([ 'clickTrackerInit', '5564166', '0' ]); </script> <noscript><img src="https://pixel.wp.com/b.gif?v=noscript" style="height:1px;width:1px;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;bottom:1px;" alt="" /></noscript> <script defer id="bilmur" data-customproperties="{"logged_in":"0","wptheme":"pub\/contempt","wptheme_is_block":"0"}" data-provider="wordpress.com" data-service="simple" data-site-tz="Etc/GMT-0" src="/wp-content/js/bilmur-4.min.js?i=12&m=202511"></script><script> ( function() { function getMobileUserAgentInfo() { if ( typeof wpcom_mobile_user_agent_info === 'object' ) { wpcom_mobile_user_agent_info.init(); var mobileStatsQueryString = ''; if ( wpcom_mobile_user_agent_info.matchedPlatformName !== false ) { mobileStatsQueryString += '&x_' + 'mobile_platforms' + '=' + wpcom_mobile_user_agent_info.matchedPlatformName; } if ( wpcom_mobile_user_agent_info.matchedUserAgentName !== false ) { mobileStatsQueryString += '&x_' + 'mobile_devices' + '=' + wpcom_mobile_user_agent_info.matchedUserAgentName; } if ( wpcom_mobile_user_agent_info.isIPad() ) { mobileStatsQueryString += '&x_' + 'ipad_views' + '=' + 'views'; } if ( mobileStatsQueryString != '' ) { new Image().src = document.location.protocol + '//pixel.wp.com/g.gif?v=wpcom-no-pv' + mobileStatsQueryString + '&baba=' + Math.random(); } } } document.addEventListener( 'DOMContentLoaded', getMobileUserAgentInfo ); } )(); </script> </body> </html>