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id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav 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id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 22 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-22" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">22 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_de_Clare" title="Richard de Clare – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Richard de Clare" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_de_Clare,_2._hrab%C4%9B_z_Pembroke" title="Richard de Clare, 2. hrabě z Pembroke – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Richard de Clare, 2. hrabě z Pembroke" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Fitz_Gilbert_de_Clare,_2il_Iarll_Penfro" title="Richard Fitz Gilbert de Clare, 2il Iarll Penfro – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Richard Fitz Gilbert de Clare, 2il Iarll Penfro" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_de_Clare,_2._jarl_af_Pembroke" title="Richard de Clare, 2. jarl af Pembroke – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Richard de Clare, 2. jarl af Pembroke" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_de_Clare,_2._Earl_of_Pembroke" title="Richard de Clare, 2. Earl of Pembroke – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Richard de Clare, 2. Earl of Pembroke" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_FitzGilbert_de_Clare" title="Richard FitzGilbert de Clare – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Richard FitzGilbert de Clare" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_de_Clare_(2-a_grafo_de_Pembroke)" title="Richard de Clare (2-a grafo de Pembroke) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Richard de Clare (2-a grafo de Pembroke)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_FitzGilbert_de_Clare" title="Richard FitzGilbert de Clare – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Richard FitzGilbert de Clare" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risteard_FitzGilbert_de_Clare,_2%C3%BA_hIarla_Penfro" title="Risteard FitzGilbert de Clare, 2ú hIarla Penfro – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Risteard FitzGilbert de Clare, 2ú hIarla Penfro" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_de_Clare,_2nd_Earl_of_Pembroke" title="Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Richard de Clare, 2nd Earl of Pembroke" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riccardo_di_Clare,_II_conte_di_Pembroke" title="Riccardo di Clare, II conte di Pembroke – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Riccardo di Clare, II conte di Pembroke" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricardus_de_Clare_(comes_II_Penbrochiae)" title="Ricardus de Clare (comes II Penbrochiae) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ricardus de Clare (comes II Penbrochiae)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AF_%D8%AF%D9%89_%D9%83%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A7%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%84_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%83_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89" title="ريتشارد دى كلير ايرل بيمبروك التانى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ريتشارد دى كلير ايرل بيمبروك التانى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_de_Clare_(2e_graaf_van_Pembroke)" title="Richard de Clare (2e graaf van Pembroke) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Richard de Clare (2e graaf van Pembroke)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AA%E3%83%81%E3%83%A3%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%83%89%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AC%E3%82%A2_(%E7%AC%AC2%E4%BB%A3%E3%83%9A%E3%83%B3%E3%83%96%E3%83%AB%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E4%BC%AF)" title="リチャード・ド・クレア (第2代ペンブルック伯) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="リチャード・ド・クレア (第2代ペンブルック伯)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_de_Clare,_2._jarl_av_Pembroke" title="Richard de Clare, 2. jarl av Pembroke – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Richard de Clare, 2. jarl av Pembroke" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_de_Clare_(hrabia_Pembroke)" title="Richard de Clare (hrabia Pembroke) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Richard de Clare (hrabia Pembroke)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4_%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%80,_2-%D0%B9_%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%84_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BA" title="Ричард де Клер, 2-й граф Пембрук – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Ричард де Клер, 2-й граф Пембрук" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_FitzGilbert_de_Clare" title="Richard FitzGilbert de Clare – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Richard FitzGilbert de Clare" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_de_Clare" title="Richard de Clare – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Richard de Clare" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DA%86%D8%B1%DA%88_%DA%88%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%84%DB%8C%D8%A6%D8%B1%D8%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%84_%D9%BE%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%DA%A9_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85" title="رچرڈ ڈی کلیئر، ارل پیمبروک دوم – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="رچرڈ ڈی کلیئر، ارل پیمبروک دوم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AC%AC%E4%BA%8C%E4%BB%A3%E5%BD%AD%E5%B8%83%E7%BD%97%E5%85%8B%E4%BC%AF%E7%88%B5%E7%90%86%E6%9F%A5%C2%B7%E5%BE%B7%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E8%8E%B1%E5%B0%94" title="第二代彭布罗克伯爵理查·德·克莱尔 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="第二代彭布罗克伯爵理查·德·克莱尔" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q437952#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">12th-century Anglo-Norman lord in Ireland</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Richard FitzGilbert of Clare</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="center"><div class="center"> <div style="width: 257px; height: 257px; overflow: hidden;"> <div style="position: relative; top: -20px; left: -163px; width: 507px"><div class="noresize"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Strongbow.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Strongbow.jpg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/Strongbow.jpg" decoding="async" width="507" height="1698" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="507" data-file-height="1698" /></a></span></div></div> </div> </div></div><div class="infobox-caption">Depiction by <a href="/wiki/Gerald_of_Wales" title="Gerald of Wales">Gerald of Wales</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/Topographia_Hibernica" title="Topographia Hibernica">Topographia Hibernica</a></i>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1188</span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">1130<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Tonbridge" title="Tonbridge">Tonbridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">England</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="dday deathdate">1176-04-20</span>)</span>20 April 1176 (aged 45 or 46)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lordship_of_Ireland" title="Lordship of Ireland">Ireland</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Resting place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Christ_Church_Cathedral,_Dublin" title="Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin">Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Aoife_MacMurrough" title="Aoife MacMurrough">Aoife MacMurrough</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_de_Clare,_3rd_Earl_of_Pembroke" title="Gilbert de Clare, 3rd Earl of Pembroke">Gilbert de Clare, 3rd Earl of Pembroke</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Isabel_de_Clare,_4th_Countess_of_Pembroke" title="Isabel de Clare, 4th Countess of Pembroke">Isabel de Clare, 4th Countess of Pembroke</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parent(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_de_Clare,_1st_Earl_of_Pembroke" title="Gilbert de Clare, 1st Earl of Pembroke">Gilbert de Clare, 1st Earl of Pembroke</a><br />Isabel de Beaumont</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Richard FitzGilbert of Clare</b> (1130 – 20 April 1176), 2nd <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Pembroke" title="Earl of Pembroke">Earl of Pembroke</a>, also Lord of <a href="/wiki/Leinster" title="Leinster">Leinster</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lord_Chief_Justice_of_Ireland" title="Lord Chief Justice of Ireland">Justiciar of Ireland</a>, was an Anglo-Norman nobleman notable for his leading role in the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Norman_invasion_of_Ireland" title="Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland">Anglo-Norman invasion of Ireland</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Encyclopedia_Britannica_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encyclopedia_Britannica-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_de_Clare,_1st_Earl_of_Pembroke" title="Gilbert de Clare, 1st Earl of Pembroke">his father</a>, Richard is commonly known by his nickname, <b>Strongbow</b> (<a href="/wiki/Anglo-Norman_language" title="Anglo-Norman language">Anglo-Norman</a>: <i lang="xno">Arc-Fort</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After his son and heir, Gilbert, died childless before 1189, the earldom passed through Richard's daughter <a href="/wiki/Isabel_de_Clare,_4th_Countess_of_Pembroke" title="Isabel de Clare, 4th Countess of Pembroke">Isabel de Clare</a> and to her husband, <a href="/wiki/William_Marshal,_1st_Earl_of_Pembroke" title="William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke">William Marshal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Encyclopedia_Britannica_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Encyclopedia_Britannica-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nickname">Nickname</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_de_Clare,_2nd_Earl_of_Pembroke&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Nickname"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>, official documents, with few exceptions, were written in Latin; in the Domesday Exchequer <a href="/wiki/Annals" title="Annals">annals</a>, written between 1300 and 1304 (that means, over 120 years after Richard's death), he was referred to as "<i>Ricardus cognomento Stranghose Comes Strugulliae"</i>, which translates to "Richard, known as Stranghose, earl of Striguil" (modern <a href="/wiki/Chepstow" title="Chepstow">Chepstow</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In reality, Stranghose is probably a different spelling of Striguil. In the 14th century, the nickname was finally rendered as "Strongbow".<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_de_Clare,_2nd_Earl_of_Pembroke&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Richard de Clare was the son of <a href="/wiki/Gilbert_de_Clare,_1st_Earl_of_Pembroke" title="Gilbert de Clare, 1st Earl of Pembroke">Gilbert de Clare</a>, 1st <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Pembroke" title="Earl of Pembroke">Earl of Pembroke</a> and his wife, Isabel de Beaumont, daughter of <a href="/wiki/Robert_de_Beaumont,_1st_Earl_of_Leicester" title="Robert de Beaumont, 1st Earl of Leicester">Robert de Beaumont</a>, <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Leicester" title="Earl of Leicester">Earl of Leicester</a> and mistress of King <a href="/wiki/Henry_I_of_England" title="Henry I of England">Henry I</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAltschul201921_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAltschul201921-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Richard also had a sister, <a href="/wiki/Basilea_de_Clare" class="mw-redirect" title="Basilea de Clare">Basilea de Clare</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gilbert died in about 1148, and Richard inherited his father’s possessions when he was roughly 18 years old. It is possible that the title of Earl of Pembroke was never recognized, and in 1154 <a href="/wiki/Henry_II_of_England" title="Henry II of England">Henry II</a> deprived Richard of the title for siding against his mother, <a href="/wiki/Empress_Matilda" title="Empress Matilda">Empress Matilda</a>, during <a href="/wiki/The_Anarchy" title="The Anarchy">the Anarchy</a>. In fact, Richard’s contemporaries referred to him as "Count Striguil", for his <a href="/wiki/Marcher_lord" title="Marcher lord">marcher lordship</a> of <a href="/wiki/Striguil" title="Striguil">Striguil</a> where he had a fortress.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HII193_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HII193-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_de_Clare,_2nd_Earl_of_Pembroke&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Background">Background</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_de_Clare,_2nd_Earl_of_Pembroke&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kingdom_of_Leinster-900.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Kingdom_of_Leinster-900.svg/220px-Kingdom_of_Leinster-900.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="287" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Kingdom_of_Leinster-900.svg/330px-Kingdom_of_Leinster-900.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Kingdom_of_Leinster-900.svg/440px-Kingdom_of_Leinster-900.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="633" data-file-height="825" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Leinster" title="Kingdom of Leinster">Leinster</a> (<i>Laighin</i>) among the other kingdoms of <a href="/wiki/Gaelic_Ireland" title="Gaelic Ireland">Gaelic Ireland</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1167 the <a href="/wiki/List_of_kings_of_Leinster" title="List of kings of Leinster">King of Leinster</a>, <a href="/wiki/Diarmait_Mac_Murchada" title="Diarmait Mac Murchada">Dermot MacMurrough</a>, was deprived of his title by <a href="/wiki/Ruaidr%C3%AD_Ua_Conchobair" title="Ruaidrí Ua Conchobair">Rory O'Connor</a>, the <a href="/wiki/High_King_of_Ireland" title="High King of Ireland">High King of Ireland</a>, for having abducted <a href="/wiki/Derbforgaill_ingen_Maeleachlainn" title="Derbforgaill ingen Maeleachlainn">Dervorgilla</a>, the wife of <a href="/wiki/Tiernan_O%27Rourke" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiernan O'Rourke">Tiernan O'Rourke</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Breifne" title="Kingdom of Breifne">King of Breifne</a>, 15 years prior. In order to recover his kingdom, Dermot embarked from <a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a> on 1 August 1166 to ask for help to <a href="/wiki/Henry_II_of_England" title="Henry II of England">Henry II of England</a>. He met the king in <a href="/wiki/Aquitaine" title="Aquitaine">Aquitaine</a>, in the autumn, but Henry only sent him a letter and did not offer his military support. On his return to <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a>, Dermot tried to rally some forces, but failed. This is when he met Richard De Clare and the other lords of the <a href="/wiki/Welsh_Marches" title="Welsh Marches">Welsh Marches</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dermot came to an agreement with Richard: if the latter helped the deposed king in the retaking of Leinster, he could have <a href="/wiki/Aoife_MacMurrough" title="Aoife MacMurrough">Aoife</a>, Dermot's eldest daughter, in marriage, along with the succession to the crown if it was regained. Since Henry II's letter to Dermot was general in nature, Richard wanted to obtain the king's specific consent to travel to Ireland. In 1168 he raised the issue at court and he was granted permission.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Campaign_in_Ireland">Campaign in Ireland</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_de_Clare,_2nd_Earl_of_Pembroke&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Campaign in Ireland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Norman_invasion_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Norman invasion of Ireland">Norman invasion of Ireland</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Image_of_Richard_de_Clare.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Image_of_Richard_de_Clare.jpg/220px-Image_of_Richard_de_Clare.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Image_of_Richard_de_Clare.jpg/330px-Image_of_Richard_de_Clare.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Image_of_Richard_de_Clare.jpg/440px-Image_of_Richard_de_Clare.jpg 2x" data-file-width="502" data-file-height="376" /></a><figcaption>Detail of Strongbow from <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Maclise" title="Daniel Maclise">Daniel Maclise</a>'s painting below</figcaption></figure> <p>Dermot and Richard raised a large army, commanded by <a href="/wiki/Raymond_FitzGerald" title="Raymond FitzGerald">Raymond FitzGerald</a>, which included <a href="/wiki/Welsh_people" title="Welsh people">Welsh</a> archers. The army sailed in <a href="/wiki/Ireland" title="Ireland">Ireland</a> and took the Ostman towns of <a href="/wiki/Wexford" title="Wexford">Wexford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Waterford" title="Waterford">Waterford</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> between 1169 and 1170. On 23 August 1170, Richard embarked on his ships at <a href="/wiki/Milford_Haven" title="Milford Haven">Milford Haven</a> to join the force; however, a royal messenger arrived to forbid him to go. Richard sailed anyway and ignored the king's wishes.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dermot died in May 1171, and his son <a href="/wiki/Domhnall_Caomh%C3%A1nach" title="Domhnall Caomhánach">Donal MacMurrough</a> claimed the kingdom of Leinster in accordance to the <a href="/wiki/Brehon_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Brehon law">Brehon laws</a>. Richard, in turn, claimed the kingship in the right of his wife. At the same time he sent his uncle, <a href="/wiki/Hervey_de_Montmorency" title="Hervey de Montmorency">Hervey de Montmorency</a>, on an <a href="/wiki/Diplomatic_mission" title="Diplomatic mission">embassy</a> to Henry II to appease the king who was growing worried with Richard's increasing power. Henry offered to return Richard's lands in <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a>, <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> and Wales (which he had confiscated) in exchange for the conquered possessions in Ireland. Richard accepted and surrendered Dublin, Waterford and other fortresses to the English king, only keeping <a href="/wiki/Kildare" title="Kildare">Kildare</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Henry crossed over to Ireland in October 1172 and stayed there for six months, stationing his own men where needed. His rule in Ireland was accepted by both the Gaelic and the Norman lords, and the relationship between him and Richard was restored. Richard, in fact, also agreed to help Henry with the <a href="/wiki/Revolt_of_1173%E2%80%931174" title="Revolt of 1173–1174">revolt in France</a> in 1173 and as a reward he was given his possession of Leinster back. In 1174 he tried to advance into <a href="/wiki/Munster" title="Munster">Munster</a> but was defeated in the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Thurles" title="Battle of Thurles">battle of Thurles</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Death_and_succession">Death and succession</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_de_Clare,_2nd_Earl_of_Pembroke&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Death and succession"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Richard de Clare died in June 1176 of an infection in either his leg or foot. He was buried in <a href="/wiki/Christ_Church_Cathedral,_Dublin" title="Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin">Holy Trinity Church, Dublin</a>, together with his uncle-in-law, <a href="/wiki/Laurence_O%27Toole" class="mw-redirect" title="Laurence O'Toole">Laurence O'Toole</a>, <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Dublin" title="Archbishop of Dublin">Archbishop of Dublin</a>. King Henry II took Richard's possessions for himself and placed a royal official in charge of them, protecting the inheritance of Richard's children. Richard's wife <a href="/wiki/Aoife_MacMurrough" title="Aoife MacMurrough">Aoife</a> was given her <a href="/wiki/Dower" title="Dower">dower</a> rights and possibly held Striguil until the Welsh rebellion of 1184/85. </p><p>Richard was first succeeded by his son Gilbert. When Gilbert died, still a minor, the inheritance passed onto Richard's daughter <a href="/wiki/Isabel_de_Clare,_4th_Countess_of_Pembroke" title="Isabel de Clare, 4th Countess of Pembroke">Isabel</a>. Isabel, on the wishes of Henry II and his son <a href="/wiki/Richard_the_Lionheart" class="mw-redirect" title="Richard the Lionheart">Richard the Lionheart</a>, was given in spouse to <a href="/wiki/William_Marshal,_1st_Earl_of_Pembroke" title="William Marshal, 1st Earl of Pembroke">William Marshal</a>, who became the Earl of Pembroke for <a href="/wiki/Jure_uxoris" title="Jure uxoris">jure uxoris</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Marriage_and_issue">Marriage and issue</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_de_Clare,_2nd_Earl_of_Pembroke&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Marriage and issue"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Marriage_of_strongbow_and_aoife.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Marriage_of_strongbow_and_aoife.jpg/275px-Marriage_of_strongbow_and_aoife.jpg" decoding="async" width="275" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Marriage_of_strongbow_and_aoife.jpg/413px-Marriage_of_strongbow_and_aoife.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Marriage_of_strongbow_and_aoife.jpg/550px-Marriage_of_strongbow_and_aoife.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3441" data-file-height="2098" /></a><figcaption><i>The Marriage of Strongbow and Aoife</i> (1854) by <a href="/wiki/Daniel_Maclise" title="Daniel Maclise">Daniel Maclise</a>, a romanticised depiction of the union in the ruins of <a href="/wiki/Waterford" title="Waterford">Waterford</a></figcaption></figure> <p>By an unknown mistress, Richard de Clare fathered two daughters: </p> <ul><li>Aline de Clare,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> married William FitzMaurice FitzGerald, baron of <a href="/wiki/Naas" title="Naas">Naas</a><sup id="cite_ref-CPX-H103_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CPX-H103-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Basilia de Clare, married <a href="/wiki/Robert_de_Quincy" title="Robert de Quincy">Robert de Quincy</a>, Constable of Leinster.<sup id="cite_ref-CPX-H103_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CPX-H103-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>On about 26 August 1171, in Reginald's Tower (<a href="/wiki/Waterford" title="Waterford">Waterford</a>), Richard de Clare married Aoife MacMurrough.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Their children were: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_de_Clare,_3rd_Earl_of_Pembroke" title="Gilbert de Clare, 3rd Earl of Pembroke">Gilbert de Clare, 3rd Earl of Pembroke</a>, who died a minor in 1185<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isabel_de_Clare,_4th_Countess_of_Pembroke" title="Isabel de Clare, 4th Countess of Pembroke">Isabel de Clare, 4th Countess of Pembroke</a>, who became Countess of Pembroke <a href="/wiki/Suo_jure" title="Suo jure">in her own right</a> in 1185 (on the death of her brother) until her own death in 1220.<sup id="cite_ref-EB1911_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB1911-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_de_Clare,_2nd_Earl_of_Pembroke&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dublino,_christ_church_cathedral,_interno,_tomba_di_strongbow,_ricostruita_con_pezzi_non_pertinenti_nel_XVI_secolo_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Dublino%2C_christ_church_cathedral%2C_interno%2C_tomba_di_strongbow%2C_ricostruita_con_pezzi_non_pertinenti_nel_XVI_secolo_01.jpg/220px-Dublino%2C_christ_church_cathedral%2C_interno%2C_tomba_di_strongbow%2C_ricostruita_con_pezzi_non_pertinenti_nel_XVI_secolo_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Dublino%2C_christ_church_cathedral%2C_interno%2C_tomba_di_strongbow%2C_ricostruita_con_pezzi_non_pertinenti_nel_XVI_secolo_01.jpg/330px-Dublino%2C_christ_church_cathedral%2C_interno%2C_tomba_di_strongbow%2C_ricostruita_con_pezzi_non_pertinenti_nel_XVI_secolo_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d2/Dublino%2C_christ_church_cathedral%2C_interno%2C_tomba_di_strongbow%2C_ricostruita_con_pezzi_non_pertinenti_nel_XVI_secolo_01.jpg/440px-Dublino%2C_christ_church_cathedral%2C_interno%2C_tomba_di_strongbow%2C_ricostruita_con_pezzi_non_pertinenti_nel_XVI_secolo_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5118" data-file-height="2310" /></a><figcaption>Strongbow's tomb, <a href="/wiki/Christ_Church_Cathedral,_Dublin" title="Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin">Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Richard de Clare was first interred in Dublin's <a href="/wiki/Christ_Church_Cathedral,_Dublin" title="Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin">Christ Church Cathedral</a>, where a purported <a href="/wiki/Tomb_effigy" title="Tomb effigy">tomb effigy</a> is located.<sup id="cite_ref-CIB130_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CIB130-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Next to it lies a "smaller half-sized monument"<sup id="cite_ref-Kinsella_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kinsella-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which <a href="/wiki/Richard_Stanyhurst" title="Richard Stanyhurst">Richard Stanyhurst</a> claimed was "that of Strongbow’s son, whom his father had cleft in twain for cowardice in battle",<sup id="cite_ref-Kinsella_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kinsella-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although "no contemporary authors"<sup id="cite_ref-Kinsella_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kinsella-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mention any such tale. Richard de Clare's actual tomb effigy was destroyed when the roof of the Cathedral collapsed in 1562. The effigy was replaced by "Strongbow’s distant successor, <a href="/wiki/Lord_Deputy_of_Ireland" title="Lord Deputy of Ireland">Lord Deputy</a> Sir <a href="/wiki/Henry_Sidney" title="Henry Sidney">Henry Sidney</a>",<sup id="cite_ref-Kinsella_30-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kinsella-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in 1570. "The larger figure dates from c. 1330, while the smaller [...] is probably late thirteenth- or early fourteenth-century. [...] What is clear is that the present tomb replaced the original. The tomb’s shield is not that of the de Clare family and today remains unidentified".<sup id="cite_ref-Kinsella_30-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kinsella-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Marc_Marie,_Marquis_de_Bombelles" title="Marc Marie, Marquis de Bombelles">Marc Marie, Marquis de Bombelles</a> "described Strongbow’s tomb astutely as ‘the least authentic and the most remarkable’."<sup id="cite_ref-Kinsella_30-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kinsella-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Richard de Clare was buried in Christ Church Cathedral, Dublin, within sight of the cross according to an eyewitness, <a href="/wiki/Gerald_of_Wales" title="Gerald of Wales">Giraldus Cambrensis</a>. There is little evidence to support the tradition that he was buried either in <a href="/wiki/Ferns_Cathedral" title="Ferns Cathedral">St Edan's Cathedral, Ferns</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Christ_Church_Cathedral,_Waterford" title="Christ Church Cathedral, Waterford">Christ Church Cathedral, Waterford</a> or <a href="/wiki/Black_Abbey" title="Black Abbey">Dominican priory, Kilkenny</a>. References to "de Clare" being buried in <a href="/wiki/Gloucester_Cathedral" title="Gloucester Cathedral">Gloucester Cathedral</a> refer to his father, while those to "Strongbow" in Tintern abbey refer probably to Walter or Anselm Marshall, both of whom died in 1245. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_de_Clare,_2nd_Earl_of_Pembroke&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The English cider brand <a href="/wiki/Strongbow_(cider)" title="Strongbow (cider)">Strongbow</a> is named after him.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_de_Clare,_2nd_Earl_of_Pembroke&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Bendings" title="William Bendings">William Bendings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Song_of_Dermot_and_the_Earl" title="The Song of Dermot and the Earl">The Song of Dermot and the Earl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Normans_in_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Normans in Ireland">Normans in Ireland</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_de_Clare,_2nd_Earl_of_Pembroke&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This may be a mistranscription or mistranslation of "Striguil", see Nickname section.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">These were <i><a href="/wiki/Longphort" title="Longphort">longphorts</a></i> where the Viking raiders settled, marrying Gaelic women and slightly acculturating to Gaelic customs (such as naming practices, MacGiollamhuire, MacTurkill, etc.), Dublin being the most famous. See: James F. Lydon, <i>The Making of Ireland: From Ancient Times to Present</i> (London; New York: Routledge, 1998), p. 21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Aline was born well before her father married Aoife, daughter of Dermot. That both she and her unnamed sister were illegitimate is indicated by the fact that neither inherited anything from their father's great holdings. See: Cokayne, <i>CP</i>, X, Appendix H, 103</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_de_Clare,_2nd_Earl_of_Pembroke&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_de_Clare,_2nd_Earl_of_Pembroke&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCokayneDoubledayWhiteScott-Ellis1945" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/George_Edward_Cokayne" title="George Edward Cokayne">Cokayne, George Edward</a>; Doubleday, H. A.; White, Geoffrey H.; <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Scott-Ellis,_8th_Baron_Howard_de_Walden" title="Thomas Scott-Ellis, 8th Baron Howard de Walden">Scott-Ellis, Thomas</a>, eds. (1945). <i>The Complete Peerage; or, A History of the House of Lords and All its Members from the Earliest Times</i>. Vol. X: Oakham – Richmond (2nd ed.). London: St. Catherine Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Peerage%3B+or%2C+A+History+of+the+House+of+Lords+and+All+its+Members+from+the+Earliest+Times&rft.place=London&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=St.+Catherine+Press&rft.date=1945&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+de+Clare%2C+2nd+Earl+of+Pembroke" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAltschul2019" class="citation cs2">Altschul, Michael (2019), <i>A Baronial Family in Medieval England: The Clares, 1217-1314</i>, Johns Hopkins University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4214-3617-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4214-3617-3"><bdi>978-1-4214-3617-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Baronial+Family+in+Medieval+England%3A+The+Clares%2C+1217-1314&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-1-4214-3617-3&rft.aulast=Altschul&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+de+Clare%2C+2nd+Earl+of+Pembroke" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOrpen1911" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Goddard_Henry_Orpen" title="Goddard Henry Orpen">Orpen, Goddard Henry</a> (1911). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/irelandundernorm01orpe"><i>Ireland under the Normans, 1169–1216</i></a>. Vol. I. Oxford: Clarendon Press<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ireland+under+the+Normans%2C+1169%E2%80%931216&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Orpen&rft.aufirst=Goddard+Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Firelandundernorm01orpe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+de+Clare%2C+2nd+Earl+of+Pembroke" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarren1973" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/W._L._Warren" title="W. L. Warren">Warren, Wilfred Lewis</a> (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=C8KrkVOxaT0C"><i>Henry II</i></a> (1st ed.). Berkeley, Los Angeles: University of California Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-520-02282-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-520-02282-9"><bdi>978-0-520-02282-9</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 May</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Henry+II&rft.place=Berkeley%2C+Los+Angeles&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=978-0-520-02282-9&rft.aulast=Warren&rft.aufirst=Wilfred+Lewis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DC8KrkVOxaT0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+de+Clare%2C+2nd+Earl+of+Pembroke" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarren2000" class="citation book cs1">Warren, Wilfred Lewis (2000). <i>Henry II</i> (2nd ed.). New Haven; London: Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-08474-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-08474-0"><bdi>978-0-300-08474-0</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/44694567">44694567</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Henry+II&rft.place=New+Haven%3B+London&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F44694567&rft.isbn=978-0-300-08474-0&rft.aulast=Warren&rft.aufirst=Wilfred+Lewis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+de+Clare%2C+2nd+Earl+of+Pembroke" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKostick2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Conor_Kostick" title="Conor Kostick">Kostick, Conor</a> (2013). <i>Strongbow</i>. Dublin: O'Brien Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84717-200-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84717-200-6"><bdi>978-1-84717-200-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Strongbow&rft.place=Dublin&rft.pub=O%27Brien+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-84717-200-6&rft.aulast=Kostick&rft.aufirst=Conor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+de+Clare%2C+2nd+Earl+of+Pembroke" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_de_Clare,_2nd_Earl_of_Pembroke&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Encyclopedia_Britannica-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Encyclopedia_Britannica_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Encyclopedia_Britannica_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Richard-FitzGilbert-2nd-Earl-of-Pembroke">"Richard FitzGilbert, 2nd earl of Pembroke | Anglo-Norman lord"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 November</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Richard+FitzGilbert%2C+2nd+earl+of+Pembroke+%7C+Anglo-Norman+lord&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fbiography%2FRichard-FitzGilbert-2nd-Earl-of-Pembroke&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+de+Clare%2C+2nd+Earl+of+Pembroke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Goodrich Castle and the families of Godric Mapson, Monmouth, Clare, Marshall, Montchesney, Valence, Despenser and Talbot</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brut y Tywysogyon or The Chronicle of the Princes. Peniarth Ms. 20 version, ed. and trans. T. Jones [Cardiff, 1952], 65. Richard vabGilbert Stragbow[iarll Amhwydic], Brenhinedd y Saeson or The Kings of the Saxons, ed. and trans. T. Jones [Cardiff, 1971], p. 170.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cokayne 1945, p. 352</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAltschul201921-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAltschul201921_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAltschul2019">Altschul 2019</a>, p. 21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dib.ie/biography/clare-richard-de-richard-fitz-gilbert-strongbow-a1685">"Clare, Richard de"</a>. <i>dib.ie</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dib.ie&rft.atitle=Clare%2C+Richard+de&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dib.ie%2Fbiography%2Fclare-richard-de-richard-fitz-gilbert-strongbow-a1685&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+de+Clare%2C+2nd+Earl+of+Pembroke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">M.T. Flanagan, 'Clare, Richard fitz Gilbert de, second earl of Pembroke (c. 1130–1176)', <i>Oxford Dictionary of National Biography</i>, Oxford University Press (2004)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB1911-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EB1911_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChisholm1911" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Chisholm" title="Hugh Chisholm">Chisholm, Hugh</a>, ed. (1911). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Pembroke, Earls of"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Pembroke,_Earls_of">"Pembroke, Earls of" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 21 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 78.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Pembroke%2C+Earls+of&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=78&rft.edition=11th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+de+Clare%2C+2nd+Earl+of+Pembroke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HII193-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HII193_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Warren 1973, p. 193</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Orpen 1911, pp. 85–89</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Warren 1973, p. 114</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kostick 2013, p. 94</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The Oxford Illustrated History of Ireland</i>, ed. R. F. Foster (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000), p. 57</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Orpen 1911, p. 91</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Orpen 1911, p. 93</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kostick 2013, pp. 142-143</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Orpen 1911, p. 184</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Davies, <i>A History of Wales</i> (London: Penguin Group, 1993), p. 126</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A J Otway-Ruthven; Kathleen Hughes, "A History of Medieval Ireland" (London: Ernest Benn Limited; New York: Barnes & Noble Inc., 1968), p. 48</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Warren 2000, p. 197</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Warren 2000, p. 200</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CPX-H103-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-CPX-H103_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-CPX-H103_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cokayne 1945, Appendix H, p. 103</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cokayne 1945, p. 356</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cokayne 1945, p. 357</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cokayne 1945, pp. 358–64</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CIB130-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CIB130_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alfred Webb, <i>A compendium of Irish biography</i> (Dublin: M.H. Gill & Son, 1878), p. 130</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kinsella-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kinsella_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kinsella_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kinsella_30-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kinsella_30-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kinsella_30-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kinsella_30-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKinsella2019" class="citation web cs1">Kinsella, Stuart (June 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.historyireland.com/artefacts-strongbows-tomb-nothing-to-declare/">"ARTEFACTS: 'Strongbow's tomb'—nothing to deClare"</a>. <i>History Ireland</i>. History Publications<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=History+Ireland&rft.atitle=ARTEFACTS%3A+%E2%80%98Strongbow%E2%80%99s+tomb%E2%80%99%E2%80%94nothing+to+deClare&rft.date=2019-06&rft.aulast=Kinsella&rft.aufirst=Stuart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.historyireland.com%2Fartefacts-strongbows-tomb-nothing-to-declare%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+de+Clare%2C+2nd+Earl+of+Pembroke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">James Graves, 'Armorial bearings of Strongbow', Gentleman's magazine and historical review, ccxvi, 1 (March 1864), 362–3; 'On the arms of Richard de Clare', Gentleman's magazine and historical review, ccxviii, 1 (April 1865), 403–8; ccxvix, 2 (July 1865), 3–11; (August 1865), 207–8;(November 1865), 551–63 gives the best summary.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><span title="The material near this tag possibly contains original research. (May 2019)">original research?</span></a></i>]</sup> Stuart Kinsella summarised the most recent work in a lecture to the conference on 'Monuments and Monumentality in Later Medieval and Early Modern Europe' at Stirling University in August 2011<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research"><span title="The material near this tag possibly contains original research. (May 2019)">original research?</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">John Finlayson, <i>Inscriptions on the monuments, mural tablets &c, Christ Church Cathedral</i> (Dublin: Hodges, Foster, & Figgis, 1878), p. 66 notes no more than a 'fearful malediction ... pronounced against him by a Bishop of Ferns' citing King's Church History, ii, 622 and Haverty's 'History of Ireland', p. 256.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190307165205/https://www.strongbow.com.au/about">"About Strongbow"</a>. <i>strongbow.com.au</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.strongbow.com.au/about">the original</a> on 7 March 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=strongbow.com.au&rft.atitle=About+Strongbow&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.strongbow.com.au%2Fabout&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARichard+de+Clare%2C+2nd+Earl+of+Pembroke" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_de_Clare,_2nd_Earl_of_Pembroke&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ccccff;">Political offices </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>New office</b> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Justiciar_of_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Justiciar of Ireland">Justiciar of Ireland</a> </b><br />1173–1176 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>Unknown</b> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;"><a href="/wiki/Peerage_of_England" title="Peerage of England">Peerage of England</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_de_Clare,_1st_Earl_of_Pembroke" title="Gilbert de Clare, 1st Earl of Pembroke">Gilbert de Clare</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Pembroke" title="Earl of Pembroke">Earl of Pembroke</a> </b><br />1148–1168 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a 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