CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Ukrainian nationalism - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"5d7d6eb8-a4dc-49fa-8b4f-0724dc114f76","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Ukrainian_nationalism","wgTitle":"Ukrainian nationalism","wgCurRevisionId":1269810574,"wgRevisionId":1269810574,"wgArticleId":13449920,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 Ukrainian-language sources (uk)","CS1 maint: location missing publisher","CS1: unfit URL","All articles with dead external links","Articles with dead external links from March 2016","CS1 Dutch-language sources (nl)","Articles with Russian-language sources (ru)","CS1 uses Russian-language script (ru)","CS1 Russian-language sources (ru)","CS1 uses Ukrainian-language script (uk)","Articles with Ukrainian-language sources (uk)","Webarchive template wayback links", "CS1 location test","Articles containing Ukrainian-language text","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Wikipedia articles in need of updating from May 2022","All Wikipedia articles in need of updating","Pages with Ukrainian IPA","Articles needing additional references from September 2024","All articles needing additional references","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from March 2023","Wikipedia articles needing clarification from March 2023","Articles with unsourced statements from February 2022","Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2023","All articles containing potentially dated statements","All articles lacking reliable references","Articles lacking reliable references from December 2021","Articles with unsourced statements from May 2022","Articles needing additional references from August 2022","Ukrainian nationalism","Independence movements","Nationalist movements in Europe", "Politics of Ukraine","Society of Ukraine"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Ukrainian_nationalism","wgRelevantArticleId":13449920,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":80000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q9048429", "wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc", "skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.17"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/1200px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="800"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/800px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="533"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/640px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="427"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Ukrainian nationalism - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainian_nationalism"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Ukrainian_nationalism&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainian_nationalism"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Ukrainian_nationalism rootpage-Ukrainian_nationalism skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Ukrainian+nationalism" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Ukrainian+nationalism" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Ukrainian+nationalism" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Ukrainian+nationalism" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Zaporozhian_Cossacks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zaporozhian_Cossacks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Zaporozhian Cossacks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zaporozhian_Cossacks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cossack_Hetmanate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cossack_Hetmanate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Cossack Hetmanate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cossack_Hetmanate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Russian_and_Habsburg_Empires" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Russian_and_Habsburg_Empires"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Russian and Habsburg Empires</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Russian_and_Habsburg_Empires-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_War_I" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_I"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>World War I</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_I-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interwar_period_in_Soviet_Ukraine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interwar_period_in_Soviet_Ukraine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Interwar period in Soviet Ukraine</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interwar_period_in_Soviet_Ukraine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interwar_period_in_the_West" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interwar_period_in_the_West"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Interwar period in the West</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interwar_period_in_the_West-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-World_War_II" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#World_War_II"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>World War II</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-World_War_II-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1945–1953" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1945–1953"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.8</span> <span>1945–1953</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1945–1953-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1953–1972" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1953–1972"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.9</span> <span>1953–1972</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1953–1972-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1972–1985" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1972–1985"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.10</span> <span>1972–1985</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1972–1985-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1985–1990" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1985–1990"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.11</span> <span>1985–1990</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1985–1990-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1991–2014" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1991–2014"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.12</span> <span>1991–2014</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1991–2014-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2014–2022" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2014–2022"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.13</span> <span>2014–2022</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2014–2022-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2022–present" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2022–present"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.14</span> <span>2022–present</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2022–present-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nationalist_political_parties" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nationalist_political_parties"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Nationalist political parties</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Nationalist_political_parties-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Nationalist political parties subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Nationalist_political_parties-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Current" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Current</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Defunct" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Defunct"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Defunct</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Defunct-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>In literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ukrainian nationalism</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 21 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%87_%D9%82%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A_%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A" title="توجه قومي أوكراني – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="توجه قومي أوكراني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BC" title="Украински национализъм – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Украински национализъм" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nacionalisme_ucra%C3%AFn%C3%A8s" title="Nacionalisme ucraïnès – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nacionalisme ucraïnès" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainische_Nation" title="Ukrainische Nation – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ukrainische Nation" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CF%85%CE%BA%CF%81%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CF%8C%CF%82_%CE%B5%CE%B8%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%B9%CF%83%CE%BC%CF%8C%CF%82" title="Ουκρανικός εθνικισμός – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ουκρανικός εθνικισμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nacionalismo_ucraniano" title="Nacionalismo ucraniano – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nacionalismo ucraniano" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrainar_nazionalismo" title="Ukrainar nazionalismo – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ukrainar nazionalismo" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationalisme_en_Ukraine" title="Nationalisme en Ukraine – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nationalisme en Ukraine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nacionalismo_ucra%C3%ADno" title="Nacionalismo ucraíno – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Nacionalismo ucraíno" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasionalisme_Ukraina" title="Nasionalisme Ukraina – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Nasionalisme Ukraina" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazionalismo_ucraino" title="Nazionalismo ucraino – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nazionalismo ucraino" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%99%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%AA" title="לאומיות אוקראינית – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="לאומיות אוקראינית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrai%C5%86u_nacion%C4%81lisms" title="Ukraiņu nacionālisms – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ukraiņu nacionālisms" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nacjonalizm_ukrai%C5%84ski" title="Nacjonalizm ukraiński – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nacjonalizm ukraiński" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nacionalismo_ucraniano" title="Nacionalismo ucraniano – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nacionalismo ucraniano" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Na%C8%9Bionalism_ucrainean" title="Naționalism ucrainean – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Naționalism ucrainean" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Украинский национализм – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Украинский национализм" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nacionalizmi_ukrainas" title="Nacionalizmi ukrainas – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Nacionalizmi ukrainas" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukrayna_milliyet%C3%A7ili%C4%9Fi" title="Ukrayna milliyetçiliği – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ukrayna milliyetçiliği" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%BC" title="Український націоналізм – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Український націоналізм" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%83%8F%E5%85%8B%E8%98%AD%E6%B0%91%E6%97%8F%E4%B8%BB%E7%BE%A9" title="烏克蘭民族主義 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="烏克蘭民族主義" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9048429#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_nationalism" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Ukrainian_nationalism" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_nationalism"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ukrainian_nationalism&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ukrainian_nationalism&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_nationalism"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ukrainian_nationalism&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ukrainian_nationalism&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Ukrainian_nationalism" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Ukrainian_nationalism" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ukrainian_nationalism&oldid=1269810574" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ukrainian_nationalism&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Ukrainian_nationalism&id=1269810574&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FUkrainian_nationalism"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FUkrainian_nationalism"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Ukrainian_nationalism&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ukrainian_nationalism&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9048429" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Nationalism in support of the collective identity of Ukraine</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Update plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Update" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/42px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png" decoding="async" width="42" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/63px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/Ambox_current_red.svg/84px-Ambox_current_red.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="290" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">Parts of this article (those related to 2014–2022) need to be <b>updated</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2022</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Ukraine.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/220px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/330px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/440px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Ukraine" title="Flag of Ukraine">Flag of Ukraine</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Blue_Square_in_Kiev.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Blue_Square_in_Kiev.JPG/220px-Blue_Square_in_Kiev.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Blue_Square_in_Kiev.JPG/330px-Blue_Square_in_Kiev.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Blue_Square_in_Kiev.JPG/440px-Blue_Square_in_Kiev.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/St._Michael%27s_Golden-Domed_Monastery" title="St. Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery">St. Michael's Golden-Domed Monastery</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a>, reconstructed after Ukrainian independence</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-image{padding:0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-top-caption,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle-with-top-image,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-caption{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-pretitle{padding:0.4em 0.4em 0;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.2em 0.8em;font-size:145%;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-image{padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-heading{padding:0.1em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content{padding:0 0.5em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-content-with-subgroup{padding:0.1em 0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-below{padding:0.3em 0.8em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-above,.mw-parser-output .sidebar-collapse .sidebar-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Ukrainian_nationalism" title="Category:Ukrainian nationalism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:black; padding-top:0.25em; font-size:160%; font-weight:normal; color:white; line-height:1em;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:white">Ukrainian nationalism</span></a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Ukrainian_Insurgent_Army.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_the_Ukrainian_Insurgent_Army.svg/80px-Flag_of_the_Ukrainian_Insurgent_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_the_Ukrainian_Insurgent_Army.svg/120px-Flag_of_the_Ukrainian_Insurgent_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_the_Ukrainian_Insurgent_Army.svg/160px-Flag_of_the_Ukrainian_Insurgent_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Ideologies</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communism" title="Anti-communism">Anti-communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Polish_sentiment" title="Anti-Polish sentiment">Anti-Polish sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Russian_sentiment" title="Anti-Russian sentiment">Anti-Russian sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Western_sentiment" title="Anti-Western sentiment">Anti-Western sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">Conservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integral_nationalism" title="Integral nationalism">Integral nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mixed_economy" title="Mixed economy">Mixed economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protectionism" title="Protectionism">Protectionism</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">History</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Act_of_restoration_of_the_Ukrainian_state" title="Act of restoration of the Ukrainian state">Act of restoration of the Ukrainian state</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_collaboration_with_Nazi_Germany" title="Ukrainian collaboration with Nazi Germany">Ukrainian collaboration with Nazi Germany</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Intellectuals</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dmytro_Dontsov" title="Dmytro Dontsov">Dontsov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andriy_Melnyk_(officer)" title="Andriy Melnyk (officer)">Melnyk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yevhen_Konovalets" title="Yevhen Konovalets">Konovalets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Shukhevych" title="Roman Shukhevych">R. Shukhevych</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stepan_Bandera" title="Stepan Bandera">Bandera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yaroslav_Stetsko" title="Yaroslav Stetsko">Stetsko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenovii_Krasivskyi" title="Zenovii Krasivskyi">Krasivskyi</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Politicians</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andriy_Biletsky" title="Andriy Biletsky">Andriy Biletsky</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleh_Liashko" title="Oleh Liashko">Oleh Liashko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yurii_Shukhevych" title="Yurii Shukhevych">Shukhevych</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oleh_Tyahnybok" title="Oleh Tyahnybok">Tyahnybok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dmytro_Yarosh" title="Dmytro Yarosh">Yarosh</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Parties</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"><b>Active</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Corps" title="National Corps">National Corps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Party_of_Oleh_Liashko" title="Radical Party of Oleh Liashko">Radical Party of Oleh Liashko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_Sector" title="Right Sector">Right Sector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svoboda_(political_party)" title="Svoboda (political party)">Svoboda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_National_Assembly_%E2%80%93_Ukrainian_People%27s_Self-Defence" title="Ukrainian National Assembly – Ukrainian People's Self-Defence">Ukrainian National Assembly</a></li></ul> <p><b>Inactive or defunct</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Ukrainian_Nationalists" title="Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists">Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social-National_Party_of_Ukraine" title="Social-National Party of Ukraine">Social-National Party of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All-Ukrainian_Political_Movement_%22State_Independence_of_Ukraine%22" title="All-Ukrainian Political Movement "State Independence of Ukraine"">State Independence of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Conservative_Republican_Party" title="Ukrainian Conservative Republican Party">Ukrainian Conservative Republican Party</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Organizations</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azov_Brigade" title="Azov Brigade">Azov Brigade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_of_Ukraine" title="Patriot of Ukraine">Patriot of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S14_(Ukrainian_group)" title="S14 (Ukrainian group)">S14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Insurgent_Army" title="Ukrainian Insurgent Army">Ukrainian Insurgent Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Military_Organization" title="Ukrainian Military Organization">Ukrainian Military Organization</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Related topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics_in_Ukraine" title="Far-right politics in Ukraine">Far-right politics in Ukraine</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/15px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/22px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg/30px-DodgerBlue_flag_waving.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="268" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Conservatism" title="Portal:Conservatism">Conservatism portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/16px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/24px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/32px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Ukraine" title="Portal:Ukraine">Ukraine portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ukrainian_nationalism" title="Template:Ukrainian nationalism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ukrainian_nationalism" title="Template talk:Ukrainian nationalism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ukrainian_nationalism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ukrainian nationalism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks vcard hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div class="sidebar-pretitle" style="margin: -0.2em 0; font-size:69%; font-weight:normal;">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_Ukraine" title="Category:History of Ukraine">a series</a> on the</div></th> </tr><tr> <th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style=""><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ukraine" title="History of Ukraine">History of <span class="fn org label">Ukraine</span></a></th> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lesser_Coat_of_Arms_of_Ukraine.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Lesser_Coat_of_Arms_of_Ukraine.svg/80px-Lesser_Coat_of_Arms_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Lesser_Coat_of_Arms_of_Ukraine.svg/120px-Lesser_Coat_of_Arms_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Lesser_Coat_of_Arms_of_Ukraine.svg/160px-Lesser_Coat_of_Arms_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="330" data-file-height="461" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Topics</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Name_of_Ukraine" title="Name of Ukraine">Name</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Ukraine" title="Flag of Ukraine">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Ukraine" title="Coat of arms of Ukraine">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_regions_in_present-day_Ukraine" title="Historical regions in present-day Ukraine">Historical regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Christianity_in_Ukraine" title="History of Christianity in Ukraine">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic history of Ukraine">Economic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_banking_in_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="History of banking in Ukraine">Banking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_rail_transport_in_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="History of rail transport in Ukraine">Rail transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_shipbuilding_in_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="History of shipbuilding in Ukraine">Shipbuilding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_technology_in_Ukraine" title="History of technology in Ukraine">Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_television_in_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="History of television in Ukraine">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Ukraine" title="History of the Jews in Ukraine">Jewish history</a></li></ul> </div></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Early history</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cucuteni%E2%80%93Trypillia_culture" title="Cucuteni–Trypillia culture">Cucuteni–Trypillia culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamnaya_culture" title="Yamnaya culture">Yamnaya culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catacomb_culture" title="Catacomb culture">Catacomb culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cimmerians" title="Cimmerians">Cimmeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Crimea" title="History of Crimea">Taurica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scythia" title="Scythia">Scythia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosporan_Kingdom" title="Bosporan Kingdom">Bosporan Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarmatians" title="Sarmatians">Sarmatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarubintsy_culture" title="Zarubintsy culture">Zarubintsy culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chernyakhov_culture" title="Chernyakhov culture">Chernyakhov culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Huns" title="History of the Huns">Hunnic Empire</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)">Middle Ages</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_Slavs" title="Early Slavs">Early East Slavs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rus%27_Khaganate" title="Rus' Khaganate">Rus' Khaganate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khazars" title="Khazars">Khazar Khaganate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kievan_Rus%27" title="Kievan Rus'">Kievan Rus'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumania" title="Cumania">Cumania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Kiev" title="Principality of Kiev">Principality of Kyiv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasion_of_Kievan_Rus%27" title="Mongol invasion of Kievan Rus'">Mongol invasion of Rus'</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Horde" title="Golden Horde">Golden Horde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Galicia%E2%80%93Volhynia" title="Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia">Kingdom of Ruthenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Lithuania,_Ruthenia_and_Samogitia" class="mw-redirect" title="Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Ruthenia and Samogitia">Grand Duchy of Lithuania, Ruthenia and Samogitia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Khanate" title="Crimean Khanate">Crimean Khanate</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ukraine#Early_modern_period" title="History of Ukraine">Early Modern period</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiev_Voivodeship" title="Kiev Voivodeship">Kyiv Voivodeship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Cossacks" title="History of the Cossacks">Cossacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaporozhian_Cossacks" title="Zaporozhian Cossacks">Zaporozhian Host</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaporozhian_Sich" title="Zaporozhian Sich">Zaporozhian Sich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmelnytsky_Uprising" title="Khmelnytsky Uprising">Khmelnytsky Uprising</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cossack_Hetmanate" title="Cossack Hetmanate">Cossack Hetmanate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Left-bank_Ukraine" title="Left-bank Ukraine">Left bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-bank_Ukraine" title="Right-bank Ukraine">Right bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sloboda_Ukraine" title="Sloboda Ukraine">Sloboda Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danubian_Sich" title="Danubian Sich">Danubian Sich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuban_Cossacks" title="Kuban Cossacks">Kuban Cossacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habsburg_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Habsburg Empire">Habsburg Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Galicia_and_Lodomeria" title="Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria">Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukovina" title="Bukovina">Bukovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carpathian_Ruthenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Carpathian Ruthenia">Carpathian Ruthenia</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Modern_history_of_Ukraine" title="Modern history of Ukraine">Modern history</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_during_World_War_I" title="Ukraine during World War I">Ukraine during World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukraine_after_the_Russian_Revolution" title="Ukraine after the Russian Revolution">Ukraine after the Russian Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_War_of_Independence" title="Ukrainian War of Independence">Ukrainian War of Independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_People%27s_Republic" title="Ukrainian People's Republic">Ukrainian People's Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makhnovshchina" title="Makhnovshchina">Makhnovshchina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_State" title="Ukrainian State">Ukrainian State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directorate_of_Ukraine" title="Directorate of Ukraine">Directorate of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Ukrainian_People%27s_Republic" title="West Ukrainian People's Republic">West Ukrainian People's Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unification_Act" title="Unification Act">Unification Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_the_Ukrainian_People%27s_Republic_in_exile" title="Government of the Ukrainian People's Republic in exile">UPR in exile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic">Ukrainian SSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_Party_of_Ukraine_(Soviet_Union)" title="Communist Party of Ukraine (Soviet Union)">Communist Party of Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holodomor" title="Holodomor">Holodomor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ukraine#World_War_II_and_the_Nazi_Occupation" title="History of Ukraine">Ukraine in World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reichskommissariat_Ukraine" title="Reichskommissariat Ukraine">Reichskommissariat Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organization_of_Ukrainian_Nationalists" class="mw-redirect" title="Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists">Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volhynia_genocide" class="mw-redirect" title="Volhynia genocide">Volhynia genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chernobyl_disaster" title="Chernobyl disaster">Chernobyl disaster</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Contemporary Ukraine</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Post-Soviet_transition_in_Ukraine" title="Post-Soviet transition in Ukraine">Post-Soviet transition in Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassette_Scandal" title="Cassette Scandal">Cassette Scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_Revolution" title="Orange Revolution">Orange Revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Ukraine_gas_disputes" title="Russia–Ukraine gas disputes">Russia–Ukraine gas disputes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euromaidan" title="Euromaidan">Euromaidan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolution_of_Dignity" title="Revolution of Dignity">Revolution of Dignity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">Russo-Ukrainian War</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Crimea_by_the_Russian_Federation" title="Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation">Annexation of Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_in_Donbas" title="War in Donbas">War in Donbas</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Ukraine" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Ukraine">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/16px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/24px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/32px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Ukraine" title="Portal:Ukraine">Ukraine portal</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/16px-P_history.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/24px-P_history.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/32px-P_history.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:History" title="Portal:History">History portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:History_of_Ukraine" title="Template:History of Ukraine"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:History_of_Ukraine" title="Template talk:History of Ukraine"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:History_of_Ukraine" title="Special:EditPage/Template:History of Ukraine"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ukrainian nationalism</b> (<a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a>: <span lang="uk">Український націоналізм</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Ukrainian" title="Romanization of Ukrainian">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Ukrainian-language romanization"><i lang="uk-Latn">Ukrainskyi natsionalizm</i></span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="uk-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Ukrainian" title="Help:IPA/Ukrainian">[ʊkrɐˈjinʲsʲkei̯<span class="wrap"> </span>nɐt͡sʲiɔnɐˈlʲizm]</a></span>) is the promotion of the unity of <a href="/wiki/Ukrainians" title="Ukrainians">Ukrainians</a> as a people and the promotion of the identity of <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a> as a <a href="/wiki/Nation_state" title="Nation state">nation state</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-oxford_dict_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oxford_dict-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The origins of modern Ukrainian nationalism emerge during the <a href="/wiki/Khmelnytsky_Uprising" title="Khmelnytsky Uprising">Cossack uprising</a> against the <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Bohdan_Khmelnytsky" title="Bohdan Khmelnytsky">Bohdan Khmelnytsky</a> in the mid-17th century. Ukrainian nationalism draws upon a single <a href="/wiki/National_identity" title="National identity">national identity</a> of <a href="/wiki/Culture" title="Culture">culture</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ethnicity" title="Ethnicity">ethnicity</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geographic_location" class="mw-redirect" title="Geographic location">geographic location</a>, <a href="/wiki/Language" title="Language">language</a>, <a href="/wiki/Politics" title="Politics">politics</a> (or the <a href="/wiki/Government" title="Government">government</a>), <a href="/wiki/Religion" title="Religion">religion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Traditions" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditions">traditions</a> and belief in a shared singular <a href="/wiki/History" title="History">history</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Triandafyllidou_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Triandafyllidou-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ukrainian_nationalism&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Ukrainian_nationalism" title="Special:EditPage/Ukrainian nationalism">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">Nationalism</a> emerged after the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a> while modern day Ukraine faced external pressure from the <a href="/wiki/Suzerainty" title="Suzerainty">suzerainty</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Tsardom_of_Russia" title="Tsardom of Russia">Tsardom of Russia</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Tajfel_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tajfel-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zaporozhian_Cossacks">Zaporozhian Cossacks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ukrainian_nationalism&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Zaporozhian Cossacks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Cossacks" title="Cossacks">Cossacks</a> played a strong role in solidifying Ukrainian identity during the <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth</a>. The Zaporozhian Cossacks lived on the <a href="/wiki/Pontic%E2%80%93Caspian_steppe" title="Pontic–Caspian steppe">Pontic–Caspian steppe</a> below the <a href="/wiki/Dnieper_Rapids" class="mw-redirect" title="Dnieper Rapids">Dnieper Rapids</a> (Ukrainian: <i>za porohamy</i>), also known as the <a href="/wiki/Wild_Fields" title="Wild Fields">Wild Fields</a>. They have played an important role in European <a href="/wiki/Geopolitics" title="Geopolitics">geopolitics</a>, participating in a series of conflicts and alliances with the <a href="/wiki/Polish%E2%80%93Lithuanian_Commonwealth" title="Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth">Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tsardom_of_Russia" title="Tsardom of Russia">Russia</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Ottoman_Empire" title="Ottoman Empire">Ottoman Empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Cossacks emerged as protection against Tartar raids but were given greater rights as their influence grew. Cossacks revolted as the Polish Kings tried to enforce <a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholicism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Polish_language" title="Polish language">Polish language</a> on the people of <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Precursors to the Ukrainian nation state identity emerged<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> as <a href="/wiki/Bohdan_Khmelnytsky" title="Bohdan Khmelnytsky">Bohdan Khmelnytsky</a> (c. 1595–1657), commanded the <a href="/wiki/Zaporozhian_Cossacks" title="Zaporozhian Cossacks">Zaporozhian Cossacks</a> and led the <a href="/wiki/Khmelnytsky_Uprising" title="Khmelnytsky Uprising">Khmelnytsky Uprising</a> against Polish rule in the mid-17th century. Khmelnytsky introduced a prop-government<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (March 2023)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> based on a form of democracy which had been practised by Cossacks since the 15th century. </p><p>After a conflict between Ottoman-Polish and Polish-Muscovite Principalities, the official <a href="/wiki/Cossack_register" class="mw-redirect" title="Cossack register">Cossack register</a> decreased. This, together with intensified socioeconomic and national-religious oppression of the other classes in Ukrainian society, led to a number of Cossack uprisings in the 1630s. These eventually culminated in the <a href="/wiki/Khmelnytsky_Uprising" title="Khmelnytsky Uprising">Khmelnytsky Uprising</a>, led by the hetman of the Zaporizhian Sich, <a href="/wiki/Bohdan_Khmelnytsky" title="Bohdan Khmelnytsky">Bohdan Khmelnytsky</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-autoa1_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autoa1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cossack_Hetmanate">Cossack Hetmanate</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ukrainian_nationalism&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Cossack Hetmanate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As a result of the mid-17th century <a href="/wiki/Khmelnytsky_Uprising" title="Khmelnytsky Uprising">Khmelnytsky Uprising</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Zaporozhian_Cossacks" title="Zaporozhian Cossacks">Zaporozhian Cossacks</a> briefly established an independent state, which later became the autonomous <a href="/wiki/Cossack_Hetmanate" title="Cossack Hetmanate">Cossack Hetmanate</a> (1649–1764). It was placed under the <a href="/wiki/Suzerainty" title="Suzerainty">suzerainty</a> of the Russian Tsar from 1667, but was ruled by local hetmans for a century. The principal political problem of the hetmans who followed the <a href="/wiki/Pereyaslav_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Pereyaslav Council">Pereyeslav Agreement</a> was defending the autonomy of the Hetmanate from Russian/Muscovite centralism. The hetmans <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Vyhovsky" title="Ivan Vyhovsky">Ivan Vyhovsky</a>, <a href="/wiki/Petro_Doroshenko" title="Petro Doroshenko">Petro Doroshenko</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Mazepa" title="Ivan Mazepa">Ivan Mazepa</a> attempted to resolve this by separating Ukraine from Russia.<sup id="cite_ref-autoa1_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-autoa1-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>These conflicts created the conditions for Ukrainian nationalism as Bohdan Khmelnytsky spoke of the liberation of the "entire <a href="/wiki/Ruthenians" title="Ruthenians">Ruthenian people</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the uprisings and establishment of the Hetmanate state, <a href="/wiki/Hetman" title="Hetman">Hetman</a> <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Mazepa" title="Ivan Mazepa">Ivan Mazepa</a> (1639–1709) focused on the restoration of Ukrainian culture and history during the early 18th century. Public works included the <a href="/wiki/Saint_Sophia_Cathedral_in_Kyiv" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Sophia Cathedral in Kyiv">Saint Sophia Cathedral</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kyiv" title="Kyiv">Kyiv</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Mazepa,_Ivan_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mazepa,_Ivan-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the elevation the <a href="/wiki/National_University_of_Kyiv-Mohyla_Academy" title="National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy">Kyiv Mohyla Collegium</a> to the status of <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Mohyla_Academy" class="mw-redirect" title="Kyiv Mohyla Academy">Kyiv Mohyla Academy</a> in 1694. </p><p>During the reign of <a href="/wiki/Catherine_II_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Catherine II of Russia">Catherine II of Russia</a>, the Cossack Hetmanate's autonomy was progressively destroyed. After several earlier attempts, the office of hetman was finally abolished by the Russian government in 1764, and his functions were assumed by the Little Russian Collegium, thus fully incorporating the Hetmanate into the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On May 7, 1775, Empress Catherine II issued a direct order that the Zaporozhian Sich was to be destroyed. On June 5, 1775, Russian artillery and infantry surrounded the <a href="/wiki/Sich" title="Sich">Sich</a> and razed it to the ground. The Russian troops disarmed the Cossacks, and the treasury archives were confiscated. The <a href="/wiki/Koshovyi_Otaman" class="mw-redirect" title="Koshovyi Otaman">Koshovyi Otaman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Petro_Kalnyshevsky" title="Petro Kalnyshevsky">Petro Kalnyshevsky</a>, was arrested and incarcerated in exile at <a href="/wiki/Solovetsky_Monastery" title="Solovetsky Monastery">Solovetsky Monastery</a>. This marked the end of the <a href="/wiki/Zaporozhian_Cossacks" title="Zaporozhian Cossacks">Zaporozhian Cossacks</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russian_and_Habsburg_Empires">Russian and Habsburg Empires</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ukrainian_nationalism&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Russian and Habsburg Empires"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An intense period of <a href="/wiki/Russification" title="Russification">russification</a> began for the areas of the Hetmanate. After 1785 the Romanov dynasty made a conscious effort to assimilate the Ruthenian and Cossack elites by granting them noble status within the Russian Empire. This led to a decline of the Ukrainian language among ruling elite. Ukrainian language and culture was preserved through folks stories and songs.<sup id="cite_ref-Wilson_78_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilson_78-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the three partitions of the <a href="/wiki/Polish-Lithuanian_Commonwealth" class="mw-redirect" title="Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth">Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth</a>, the regions of Galicia (Halychyna) and Bukovina became part of the <a href="/wiki/Habsburg_monarchy" title="Habsburg monarchy">Habsburg Empire</a>. Ukrainians living within the Austrian state did not face the same cultural repression and were influenced by the <a href="/wiki/Nationalism" title="Nationalism">nationalism</a> that spread after the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a> and the <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American Revolution</a>. </p><p>After the <a href="/wiki/Revolutions_of_1848_in_the_Austrian_Empire" title="Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire">Revolutions of 1848 in the Austrian Empire</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Ruthenian_Council" title="Supreme Ruthenian Council">Ruthenian Council</a> tried to establish a Ukrainian nation but this effort was thwarted. National identities developed among Belarusians, Ukrainians, and Carpatho-Rusyns.<sup id="cite_ref-auto4_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto4-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_I">World War I</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ukrainian_nationalism&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: World War I"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ukrainian-nationalism-1920.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Ukrainian-nationalism-1920.jpg/220px-Ukrainian-nationalism-1920.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Ukrainian-nationalism-1920.jpg/330px-Ukrainian-nationalism-1920.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/Ukrainian-nationalism-1920.jpg/440px-Ukrainian-nationalism-1920.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2200" data-file-height="1355" /></a><figcaption>Postcard published by the Ukrainian Brigade, "United Ukrainians defend against both <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Polish</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russian</a> forces", 1920</figcaption></figure> <p>With the collapse of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>, a political entity which encompassed political, community, cultural, and professional organizations was established in Kyiv from the initiative from the Association of the Ukrainian Progressionists (TUP). This entity was called the <a href="/wiki/Central_Council_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Council of Ukraine">Tsentralna Rada</a> (Central Council) and was headed by the historian <a href="/wiki/Mykhailo_Hrushevsky" title="Mykhailo Hrushevsky">Mykhailo Hrushevskyi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ukraine_-_MSN_Encarta_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ukraine_-_MSN_Encarta-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 22 January 1918, the Tsentralna Rada declared Ukraine an independent country.<sup id="cite_ref-Ukraine_-_MSN_Encarta_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ukraine_-_MSN_Encarta-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, this government did not survive very long because of pressures not only from Denikin's Russian White Guard but also the <a href="/wiki/Red_Army" title="Red Army">Red Army</a>, German, and <a href="/wiki/Entente_Cordiale" title="Entente Cordiale">Entente</a> intervention, and local anarchists such as <a href="/wiki/Nestor_Makhno" title="Nestor Makhno">Nestor Makhno</a> and <a href="/wiki/Green_armies" title="Green armies">Green Army</a> of <a href="/wiki/Terpylo_Danylo_Ilkovych" class="mw-redirect" title="Terpylo Danylo Ilkovych">Otaman Zeleny</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ukraine_-_MSN_Encarta_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ukraine_-_MSN_Encarta-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Ukraine_(postcard_1919).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Map_of_Ukraine_%28postcard_1919%29.jpg/220px-Map_of_Ukraine_%28postcard_1919%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Map_of_Ukraine_%28postcard_1919%29.jpg/330px-Map_of_Ukraine_%28postcard_1919%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Map_of_Ukraine_%28postcard_1919%29.jpg/440px-Map_of_Ukraine_%28postcard_1919%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1284" /></a><figcaption>Territory that was claimed by Ukraine according to an old postcard dating 1919</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interwar_period_in_Soviet_Ukraine">Interwar period in Soviet Ukraine</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ukrainian_nationalism&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Interwar period in Soviet Ukraine"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As <a href="/wiki/Bolshevik" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolshevik">Bolshevik</a> rule took hold in Ukraine, the early Soviet government had its own reasons to encourage the national movements of the former <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>. Until the early 1930s, Ukrainian culture enjoyed a widespread revival due to Bolshevik concessions known as the policy of <a href="/wiki/Korenization" class="mw-redirect" title="Korenization">Korenization</a> ("indigenization"). In these years an impressive <a href="/wiki/Ukrainization" title="Ukrainization">Ukrainization</a> program was implemented throughout the republic. In such conditions, the Ukrainian national idea initially continued to develop and even spread to a large territory with traditionally mixed population in the east and south that became part of the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic">Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic</a>. </p><p>At the same time, despite the ongoing <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="Religion in the Soviet Union">Soviet-wide anti-religious campaign</a>, the Ukrainian national <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Orthodox Church</a> was created, the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Autocephalous_Orthodox_Church" title="Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church">Ukrainian Autocephalous Orthodox Church</a>. The church was initially seen by the Bolshevik government as a tool in their goal to suppress the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian Orthodox Church</a>, always viewed with great suspicion by the regime for its being the cornerstone of the defunct Russian Empire and the initially strong opposition it took towards the regime change. Therefore, the government tolerated the new Ukrainian national church for some time and the UAOC gained a wide following among the Ukrainian peasantry. </p><p>These events greatly raised the national consciousness of the Ukrainians, and brought about the development of a new generation of Ukrainian cultural and political elite. This in turn raised the concerns of Soviet dictator <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a>, who saw danger in the Ukrainians' loyalty towards their nation competing with their loyalty to the Soviet State, and in the early 1930s "Ukrainian <a href="/wiki/Bourgeois_nationalism" title="Bourgeois nationalism">bourgeois nationalism</a>" was declared to be the primary problem in Ukraine. The Ukrainization policies were abruptly and bloodily reversed, most of the Ukrainian cultural and political elite was arrested and executed, and the nation was decimated with the famine called the <a href="/wiki/Holodomor" title="Holodomor">Holodomor</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interwar_period_in_the_West">Interwar period in the West</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ukrainian_nationalism&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Interwar period in the West"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After World War I ended in 1918, the newly created <a href="/wiki/Second_Polish_Republic" title="Second Polish Republic">Second Polish Republic</a> (1918–1939) and the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> (1922–1991) each annexed a part of the territory of present-day Ukraine. The governments in Warsaw and in Moscow both continued to view Ukrainian nationalism as a threat. In March 1926, <a href="/wiki/Vlas_Chubar" title="Vlas Chubar">Vlas Chubar</a> (Chairman of the <a href="/wiki/Council_of_People%27s_Commissars" title="Council of People's Commissars">Council of People's Commissars</a> of Soviet Ukraine), gave a speech in <a href="/wiki/Kharkiv" title="Kharkiv">Kharkiv</a> and later repeated it in <a href="/wiki/Moscow" title="Moscow">Moscow</a>, in which he warned of the danger that <a href="/wiki/Symon_Petliura" title="Symon Petliura">Symon Petliura</a>, the exiled former President of the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_People%27s_Republic" title="Ukrainian People's Republic">Ukrainian People's Republic</a>, represented to the Soviet Government. As a result of this speech the command was allegedly given to assassinate Petliura on French soil.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 25 May 1926, at 14:12, by the Gibert bookstore, Petliura was walking on Rue Racine near <a href="/wiki/Boulevard_Saint-Michel" title="Boulevard Saint-Michel">Boulevard Saint-Michel</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Latin_Quarter" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin Quarter">Latin Quarter</a> in <a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a> and was approached by <a href="/wiki/Sholom_Schwartzbard" class="mw-redirect" title="Sholom Schwartzbard">Sholom Schwartzbard</a>. Schwartzbard asked in Ukrainian: "Are you Mr. Petliura?". Petliura did not answer but raised his walking cane. As Schwartzbard claimed in court, he pulled out a gun and shot him five times.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>News of Petliura's assassination triggered massive uprisings in Soviet-ruled Ukraine, particularly in <a href="/wiki/Boromlia" title="Boromlia">Boromlia</a>, Zhehailivtsi, (Sumy province), Velyka Rublivka, Myloradov (Poltava province), Hnylsk, Bilsk, Kuzemyn and all along the <a href="/wiki/Vorskla_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Vorskla River">Vorskla River</a> from <a href="/wiki/Okhtyrka" title="Okhtyrka">Okhtyrka</a> to <a href="/wiki/Poltava" title="Poltava">Poltava</a>, Burynia, <a href="/wiki/Nizhyn" title="Nizhyn">Nizhyn</a> (Chernihiv province) and other cities.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These revolts were brutally suppressed by the Soviet government.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="Needs a source for suppression and claim of brutality (February 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The blind <a href="/wiki/Kobzars" class="mw-redirect" title="Kobzars">kobzars</a> <a href="/wiki/Pavlo_Hashchenko" title="Pavlo Hashchenko">Pavlo Hashchenko</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Kuchuhura_Kucherenko" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivan Kuchuhura Kucherenko">Ivan Kuchuhura Kucherenko</a> composed a <a href="/wiki/Duma_(epic)" title="Duma (epic)"><i>duma</i></a> (epic poem) in memory of Symon Petliura. To date<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ukrainian_nationalism&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> Petliura is the only modern Ukrainian politician to have a duma created and sung in his memory. This duma became popular among the kobzars of left-bank Ukraine and was also sung by <a href="/wiki/Stepan_Pasiuha" title="Stepan Pasiuha">Stepan Pasiuha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Petro_Drevchenko" title="Petro Drevchenko">Petro Drevchenko</a>, Bohushchenko, and Chumak.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The core defense at the <a href="/wiki/Schwartzbard_trial" title="Schwartzbard trial">Schwartzbard trial</a>, as presented by the noted French <a href="/wiki/Jurist" title="Jurist">jurist</a> <a href="/wiki/Henri_Torres" class="mw-redirect" title="Henri Torres">Henri Torres</a>, was that Petliura's assassin was avenging the deaths of his parents and the other Jewish victims of <a href="/wiki/Pogroms" class="mw-redirect" title="Pogroms">pogroms</a> committed by Petliura's soldiers, whereas the prosecution (both criminal and civil) tried to show that Petliura was not responsible for the pogroms and that Schwartzbard was a Soviet spy. After a trial lasting eight days the jury acquitted Schwartzbard.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Under Polish rule, many <a href="/wiki/Polonization" title="Polonization">Ukrainian schools were shut down</a> in the 1920s, while the promise of national autonomy for Ukrainians was not fulfilled.<sup id="cite_ref-Snyder3_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Snyder3-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Tadeusz_Ho%C5%82%C3%B3wko" title="Tadeusz Hołówko">Tadeusz Hołówko</a>, an advocate of concessions to the Ukrainian minority, was assassinated by the <a href="/wiki/Organization_of_Ukrainian_Nationalists" class="mw-redirect" title="Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists">Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists</a> (OUN) to prevent Polish-Ukrainian rapprochement.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Snyder3_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Snyder3-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hołówko was killed while staying in a guest house owned by nuns of the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Greek_Catholic_Church" title="Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church">Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church</a> at <a href="/wiki/Truskavets" title="Truskavets"><i>Truskawiec</i></a> on 29 August 1931. He was one of the victims of an assassination campaign waged by the OUN. His death, widely discussed in the Polish press, the international press, and even at a <a href="/wiki/League_of_Nations" title="League of Nations">League of Nations</a> session,<sup id="cite_ref-rosjapl.info_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rosjapl.info-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:NOTRS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:NOTRS"><span title="This claim needs references to better sources. (December 2021)">better source needed</span></a></i>]</sup> became part of a vicious cycle involving the OUN's violence and sabotage and the Second Polish Republic's <a href="/wiki/Pacification_of_Ukrainians_in_Eastern_Galicia_(1930)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pacification of Ukrainians in Eastern Galicia (1930)">brutal repression of ethnic-Ukrainians</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Snyder_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Snyder-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Davies_GP2-407_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davies_GP2-407-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some time later, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Emilian_Czechowski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emilian Czechowski (page does not exist)">Emilian Czechowski</a>, a senior Polish police <a href="/wiki/Commissioner" title="Commissioner">commissioner</a> investigating Hołówko's assassination, also became an OUN assassination-victim.<sup id="cite_ref-Subtelny_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Subtelny-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rosjapl.info_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rosjapl.info-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the early 1930s, OUN members carried out more than 60 successful or attempted assassinations, many of them targeted at Ukrainians who opposed the organization's policies (for example a respected educator <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Babij" class="mw-redirect" title="Ivan Babij">Ivan Babij</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Subtelny_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Subtelny-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1933, the OUN retaliated against the Soviet state for the <a href="/wiki/Holodomor" title="Holodomor">Holodomor</a> by assassinating <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexei_Mailov&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexei Mailov (page does not exist)">Alexei Mailov</a>, a Soviet consular official stationed in Polish-ruled <a href="/wiki/Lviv" title="Lviv">Lviv</a>. On 15 June 1934, Poland's Minister of the Interior, <a href="/wiki/Bronis%C5%82aw_Pieracki" title="Bronisław Pieracki">Bronisław Pieracki</a>, was <a href="/wiki/Assassination_of_Bronis%C5%82aw_Pieracki" title="Assassination of Bronisław Pieracki">also assassinated</a> by the faction led by <a href="/wiki/Stepan_Bandera" title="Stepan Bandera">Stepan Bandera</a> within the <a href="/wiki/Organization_of_Ukrainian_Nationalists" class="mw-redirect" title="Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists">Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists</a>. Poland's <a href="/wiki/Sanation" title="Sanation">Sanation</a> government retaliated by creating, two days after the assassination, the <a href="/wiki/Bereza_Kartuska_Prison" title="Bereza Kartuska Prison">Bereza Kartuska Prison</a>. The prison's first detainees were the leadership of the Polish opposition <a href="/wiki/National_Radical_Camp_(1934)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Radical Camp (1934)">National Radical Camp</a> (the ONR), who were arrested on 6–7 July 1934.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many Ukrainian nationalists and Polish critics of the ruling party soon joined them there. <a href="/wiki/Stepan_Bandera" title="Stepan Bandera">Stepan Bandera</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mykola_Lebed" title="Mykola Lebed">Mykola Lebed</a> were arrested, tried, and sentenced to death for Pieracki's assassination. Their sentences were later commuted to <a href="/wiki/Life_imprisonment" title="Life imprisonment">life imprisonment</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-report_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-report-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 23 May 1938, OUN leader <a href="/wiki/Yevhen_Konovalets" title="Yevhen Konovalets">Yevhen Konovalets</a> was <a href="/wiki/Assassination" title="Assassination">assassinated</a> in a <a href="/wiki/Rotterdam" title="Rotterdam">Rotterdam</a> cafe. Konovalets was inside the cafe meeting with <a href="/wiki/Pavel_Sudoplatov" title="Pavel Sudoplatov">Pavel Sudoplatov</a>, an <a href="/wiki/NKVD" title="NKVD">NKVD</a> <a href="/wiki/Mole_(intelligence)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mole (intelligence)">mole</a> who had infiltrated the OUN, and who gave Konovalets a box of chocolates with a bomb rigged to explode inside. Sudoplatov walked calmly away, waited until he heard the bomb explode, then walked calmly to the nearest train-station and left the city. Sudoplatov later alleged in his memoirs to have been personally ordered by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Stalin" title="Joseph Stalin">Joseph Stalin</a> to assassinate Konovalets as revenge for the 1933 assassination at the Soviet consulate in <a href="/wiki/Lviv" title="Lviv">Lviv</a>. Stalin also felt that Konovalets was a figure maintaining the unity of the OUN and that his death would cause the organization to become further factionalized, torn apart, and annihilated from within.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Ukrainian_Insurgent_Army.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_the_Ukrainian_Insurgent_Army.svg/246px-Flag_of_the_Ukrainian_Insurgent_Army.svg.png" decoding="async" width="246" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_the_Ukrainian_Insurgent_Army.svg/369px-Flag_of_the_Ukrainian_Insurgent_Army.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Flag_of_the_Ukrainian_Insurgent_Army.svg/492px-Flag_of_the_Ukrainian_Insurgent_Army.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Flag of the <a href="/wiki/Organization_of_Ukrainian_Nationalists" class="mw-redirect" title="Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists">Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Insurgent_Army" title="Ukrainian Insurgent Army">Ukrainian Insurgent Army</a> during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. The red represents blood and the black represents the <a href="/wiki/Chernozem" title="Chernozem">Black Soil</a> of Ukraine. This flag is commonly used by <a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics_in_Ukraine" title="Far-right politics in Ukraine">modern far-right Ukrainian nationalists</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Due to Sudoplatov's sudden disappearance, the OUN immediately suspected him of murdering Konovalets. Therefore, a photograph of Sudoplatov and Konovalets together was distributed to every OUN unit. According to Sudoplatov, "In the 1940s, <a href="/wiki/SMERSH" title="SMERSH">SMERSH</a> ... captured two guerilla fighters in Western Ukraine, one of whom had this photo of me on him. When asked why he was carrying it, he replied, 'I have no idea why, but the order is if we find this man to liquidate him'."<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Just as Stalin had hoped, the OUN following Konovalets' murder split into two parts. The older, more moderate members supported <a href="/wiki/Andriy_Atanasovych_Melnyk" class="mw-redirect" title="Andriy Atanasovych Melnyk">Andriy Melnyk</a> and the OUN-M (the <a href="/wiki/Melnykites" class="mw-redirect" title="Melnykites">Melnykites</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D1%85_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2_(%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%86%D1%8B)" class="extiw" title="ru:Организация украинских националистов (мельниковцы)">ru</a>]</span>), while the younger and more radical members supported <a href="/wiki/Stepan_Bandera" title="Stepan Bandera">Stepan Bandera</a>'s OUN-B (the <a href="/wiki/Banderites" class="mw-redirect" title="Banderites">Banderites</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="World_War_II">World War II</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ukrainian_nationalism&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: World War II"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With the outbreak of war between <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> in 1941, many nationalists in Ukraine thought that they would have an opportunity to create an independent country once again. An entire <a href="/wiki/14th_Waffen_Grenadier_Division_of_the_SS_(1st_Ukrainian)" class="mw-redirect" title="14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Ukrainian)">Ukrainian volunteer division of the SS</a> had been created. Many of the fighters who had originally looked to the Nazis as liberators, quickly became disillusioned and formed the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Insurgent_Army" title="Ukrainian Insurgent Army">Ukrainian Insurgent Army</a> (UPA) (<a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a>: <span lang="uk">Українська Повстанська Армія</span>), which waged military campaign against Germans and later Soviet forces as well against Polish civilians.<sup id="cite_ref-Wilson_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilson-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 47–51">: 47–51 </span></sup> The primary goal of OUN was "the rebirth, of setting everything in order, the defense and the expansion of the Independent Council of Ukrainian National State." The OUN also revived the sentiment that "Ukraine is for Ukrainians."<sup id="cite_ref-Wilson_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilson-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 48">: 48 </span></sup> In 1943, the UPA adopted a policy of massacring and expelling the Polish population.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Snyder2_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Snyder2-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_cleansing" title="Ethnic cleansing">ethnic cleansing</a> operation against the Poles began on a large scale in Volhynia in late February, or early spring,<sup id="cite_ref-Snyder2_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Snyder2-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of that year and lasted until the end of 1944.<sup id="cite_ref-HistoryOrgPDF16_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HistoryOrgPDF16-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 11 July 1943 was one of the deadliest days of the massacres, with UPA units marching from village to village, killing Polish civilians. On that day, UPA units surrounded and attacked 99 Polish villages and settlements in the counties of <a href="/wiki/Kovel" title="Kovel">Kowel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Horokhiv" title="Horokhiv">Horochów</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Volodymyr-Volynskyi" class="mw-redirect" title="Volodymyr-Volynskyi">Włodzimierz Wołyński</a>. On the following day, 50 additional villages were attacked.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 30 June 1941, the OUN, led by <a href="/wiki/Stepan_Bandera" title="Stepan Bandera">Stepan Bandera</a>, declared an <a href="/wiki/Proclamation_of_Ukrainian_Independence" class="mw-redirect" title="Proclamation of Ukrainian Independence">independent Ukrainian state</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-encyclopediaofukraine1_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encyclopediaofukraine1-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was immediately acted upon by the Nazi army, and Bandera was arrested and imprisoned from 1941 to 1944.<sup id="cite_ref-encyclopediaofukraine1_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-encyclopediaofukraine1-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ukrainian-nationalist-1941.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Ukrainian-nationalist-1941.jpg/220px-Ukrainian-nationalist-1941.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Ukrainian-nationalist-1941.jpg/330px-Ukrainian-nationalist-1941.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Ukrainian-nationalist-1941.jpg/440px-Ukrainian-nationalist-1941.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1227" /></a><figcaption>Ukrainian nationalists demonstrate against the Soviet Union and for an independent Ukraine in 1941.</figcaption></figure> <p>There has been much debate as to the legitimacy of the UPA as a political group. The UPA maintains a prominent and symbolic role in Ukrainian history and the quest for Ukrainian independence.<sup id="cite_ref-Wilson_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilson-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the same time it was deemed an insurgent or terrorist group by <a href="/wiki/Soviet_historiography" class="mw-redirect" title="Soviet historiography">Soviet historiography</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Wilson_34-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wilson-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ukrainian Canadian historian <a href="/wiki/Serhy_Yekelchyk" title="Serhy Yekelchyk">Serhiy Yekelchyk</a> writes that during 1943 and 1944 an estimated 35,000 Polish civilians and an unknown number of Ukrainian civilians in the <a href="/wiki/Volhynia" title="Volhynia">Volhynia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chelm" class="mw-redirect" title="Chelm">Chelm</a> regions fell victim to <a href="/wiki/Mutual_ethnic_cleansing" class="mw-redirect" title="Mutual ethnic cleansing">mutual ethnic cleansing</a> by the UPA and <a href="/wiki/Polish_resistance_movement_in_World_War_II" title="Polish resistance movement in World War II">Polish insurgents</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Serhy_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Serhy-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Niall_Ferguson" title="Niall Ferguson">Niall Ferguson</a> writes that around 80,000 Poles were murdered then by Ukrainian nationalists.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In his book <i><a href="/wiki/Europe_at_War_1939%E2%80%931945:_No_Simple_Victory" title="Europe at War 1939–1945: No Simple Victory">Europe at War 1939–1945: No Simple Victory</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Norman_Davies" title="Norman Davies">Norman Davies</a> puts the number of Poles killed by Ukrainian nationalists between 200,000 and 500,000,<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while <a href="/wiki/Timothy_Snyder" title="Timothy Snyder">Timothy Snyder</a> writes that the UPA killed "forty to sixty thousand Polish civilians in Volhynia in 1943."<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1945–1953"><span id="1945.E2.80.931953"></span>1945–1953</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ukrainian_nationalism&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 1945–1953"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the post-World War II era, Stalin would still be the leader until his death in 1953. Early on in this era, the policy of <a href="/wiki/Zhdanovschina" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhdanovschina">Zhdanovschina</a> was instituted, or the cultural-ideological purification of the Soviet Union. In the Ukrainian variant of this, any vestiges of nationalism were suppressed. Media that had been produced during the war to encourage Ukrainian patriotism, such as <a href="/wiki/Ukraine_in_Flames" title="Ukraine in Flames">Ukraine in Flames</a>, was denounced.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1953–1972"><span id="1953.E2.80.931972"></span>1953–1972</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ukrainian_nationalism&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 1953–1972"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Khrushchev_Thaw" title="Khrushchev Thaw">Khrushchev Thaw</a> started after Stalin's death. Under him, the first works of <a href="/wiki/Samizdat" title="Samizdat">Samizdat</a> appeared, and various people of Ukraine, whether it be ethnic Ukrainians, Crimean Tartars, and Jews, started publishing literature on both human rights and national/cultural rights issues.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under <a href="/wiki/Petro_Shelest" title="Petro Shelest">Petro Shelest</a>, who became leader of the Ukrainian SSR from 1963 to 1972, there was a revival of Ukrainian culture particularly in the '60s, as some decision making was allowed for a time to moved back to Kyiv from the center (Moscow). The <a href="/wiki/Shevchenko_National_Prize" title="Shevchenko National Prize">Shevchenko National Prize</a> was created, with <a href="/wiki/Oles_Honchar" title="Oles Honchar">Oles Honchar</a> as the first awardee. The Ukrainian <a href="/wiki/Sixtiers" title="Sixtiers">Sixtiers</a> would be an important new generator of <a href="/wiki/Intelligentsia" title="Intelligentsia">intelligentsia</a> that appeared during this time, and had similarities to the <a href="/wiki/Beat_Generation" title="Beat Generation">Beat Generation</a> in the west in cultural impact on later groups.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There was also a resurgence of Ukrainian nationalist thought, associated with dissident writers such as <a href="/wiki/Viacheslav_Chornovil" title="Viacheslav Chornovil">Viacheslav Chornovil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ivan_Dziuba" title="Ivan Dziuba">Ivan Dziuba</a> and <a href="/wiki/Valentyn_Moroz" title="Valentyn Moroz">Valentyn Moroz</a>, which the authorities tried to stamp out through threats, arrests, and prison sentences. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1972–1985"><span id="1972.E2.80.931985"></span>1972–1985</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ukrainian_nationalism&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: 1972–1985"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Shcherbytsky" title="Volodymyr Shcherbytsky">Volodymyr Shcherbytsky</a> took power over the Ukrainian SSR in 1972 until 1989. He was a member of the <a href="/wiki/Politburo_of_the_Communist_Party_of_the_Soviet_Union" title="Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union">Politburo of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union</a>, and a close friend of <a href="/wiki/Leonid_Brezhnev" title="Leonid Brezhnev">Leonid Brezhnev</a>. As such, he was a very influential person in the Soviet Union, and led a very reactionary administration, aimed at centralizing power and suppressing dissent.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1975, the <a href="/wiki/Helsinki_Accords" title="Helsinki Accords">Helsinki Accords</a> was passed, calling for a pan-European security structure. In 1976, <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Helsinki_Group" title="Ukrainian Helsinki Group">Ukrainian Helsinki Group</a> was formed to promote human rights, and this created a new nascent dissident movement. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1985–1990"><span id="1985.E2.80.931990"></span>1985–1990</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ukrainian_nationalism&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: 1985–1990"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under <a href="/wiki/Mikhail_Gorbachev" title="Mikhail Gorbachev">Mikhail Gorbachev</a>, a new era of <a href="/wiki/Perestroika" title="Perestroika">Perestroika</a> and <a href="/wiki/Glasnost" title="Glasnost">Glasnost</a> was instituted primarily to fix structural problems with the Soviet economy. In Ukraine, one year under Gorbachev, in April 1986, the <a href="/wiki/Chernobyl_disaster" title="Chernobyl disaster">disaster at Chornobyl</a> occurred, and this incident did much to delegitimize the power of both the Communist Party and <a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Shcherbytsky" title="Volodymyr Shcherbytsky">Volodymyr Shcherbytsky</a> locally, after he ordered the children of the central committee and the Communist Party away from Kyiv to the Caucausus, while the city celebrated <a href="/wiki/May_Day" title="May Day">May Day</a>. It also put Ukraine back on the world map, as the disaster was seen as an ecological problem not only locally, but potentially globally as well. The tragedy also started mobilizing the diaspora.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1991–2014"><span id="1991.E2.80.932014"></span>1991–2014</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ukrainian_nationalism&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: 1991–2014"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As opposed to the Soviet era, when nationality was understood in primarily ethnic terms where to be Ukrainian was something one would purely inherit, a gradual shift towards <a href="/wiki/Civic_nationalism" title="Civic nationalism">civic nationalism</a> started in 1991 with the birth of the modern Ukrainian state.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ukraine chose to adopt pluralistic citizenship laws, which made everyone within its territorial borders a citizen, rejecting the model of Latvia and Estonia which adopted German-style ethnic citizenship laws which disenfranchised (self-identified) ethnic Russians.<sup id="cite_ref-kuzio2022_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kuzio2022-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There has also been a gradual shift of self-identification of Russiophone Ukrainians away from a "Russian" self-identification. Even in the early 2000s, people from the Russian-speaking <a href="/wiki/Odesa" title="Odesa">Odesa</a> would often self-identify as "Russian" to foreigners and migrants, but not to Russians from the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Federation">Russian Federation</a>, indicating changes in identity.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_-_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%88_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_-_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%88_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9.jpg/220px-%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_-_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%88_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_-_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%88_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9.jpg/330px-%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_-_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%88_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_-_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%88_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9.jpg/440px-%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_-_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%88_%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1606" data-file-height="1843" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/FC_Lviv" title="FC Lviv">FC Lviv</a> soccer fans at a game against <a href="/wiki/FC_Shakhtar_Donetsk" title="FC Shakhtar Donetsk">FC Shakhtar Donetsk</a>. The banner reads "<a href="/wiki/Stepan_Bandera" title="Stepan Bandera">Bandera</a> – our hero".</figcaption></figure> <p>In the first decade of the 21st century, voters from <a href="/wiki/Western_Ukraine" title="Western Ukraine">Western Ukraine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Central_Ukraine" title="Central Ukraine">Central Ukraine</a> tended to vote for <a href="/wiki/Western_world" title="Western world">pro-Western</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pro-Europeanism" title="Pro-Europeanism">pro-European</a> general liberal <a href="/wiki/Civic_nationalism" title="Civic nationalism">national democrats</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-KuzioPORvotersdontgoaway_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KuzioPORvotersdontgoaway-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-books.google.com_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-books.google.com-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while <a href="/wiki/Russophilia" title="Russophilia">pro-Russian</a> parties got the vote in <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Ukraine" title="Eastern Ukraine">Eastern Ukraine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Southern_Ukraine" title="Southern Ukraine">Southern Ukraine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-KuzioPORvotersdontgoaway_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KuzioPORvotersdontgoaway-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From the <a href="/wiki/1998_Ukrainian_parliamentary_election" title="1998 Ukrainian parliamentary election">1998 Ukrainian parliamentary election</a><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DATASvob_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DATASvob-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-UkrinformTyahnybok_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UkrinformTyahnybok-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> until the <a href="/wiki/2012_Ukrainian_parliamentary_election" title="2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election">2012 Ukrainian parliamentary election</a>, no nationalist party obtained seats in the <a href="/wiki/Verkhovna_Rada" title="Verkhovna Rada">Verkhovna Rada</a> (Ukraine's parliament).<sup id="cite_ref-CESOlszańskiUKel12_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CESOlszańskiUKel12-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Shekhovtsov_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shekhovtsov-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In these elections, nationalist right-wing parties obtained less than 1% of the votes; in the 1998 parliamentary election, they obtained 3.26%.<sup id="cite_ref-Shekhovtsov_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shekhovtsov-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The nationalist party <a href="/wiki/All-Ukrainian_Union_%22Svoboda%22" class="mw-redirect" title="All-Ukrainian Union "Svoboda"">Svoboda</a> had an electoral breakthrough with the <a href="/wiki/2009_Ternopil_Oblast_local_election" title="2009 Ternopil Oblast local election">2009 Ternopil Oblast local election</a>, when they obtained 34.69% of the votes and 50 seats out of 120 in the <a href="/wiki/Ternopil_Oblast_Council" title="Ternopil Oblast Council">Ternopil Oblast Council</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Shekhovtsov_62-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shekhovtsov-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was the best result for a far-right party in Ukraine's history.<sup id="cite_ref-Shekhovtsov_62-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shekhovtsov-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the previous <a href="/w/index.php?title=2006_Ternopil_Oblast_local_election&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="2006 Ternopil Oblast local election (page does not exist)">2006 Ternopil Oblast local election</a>, the party had obtained 4.2% of the votes and 4 seats.<sup id="cite_ref-Shekhovtsov_62-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shekhovtsov-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the simultaneous <a href="/wiki/2006_Ukrainian_local_elections" title="2006 Ukrainian local elections">2006 Ukrainian local elections</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Lviv_Oblast_Council" title="Lviv Oblast Council">Lviv Oblast Council</a>, it had obtained 5.62% of the votes and 10 seats and 6.69% of the votes and 9 seats in the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lviv_city_council&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lviv city council (page does not exist)">Lviv city council</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Shekhovtsov_62-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shekhovtsov-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1991, <a href="/wiki/Svoboda_(political_party)" title="Svoboda (political party)">Svoboda</a> was founded as the <a href="/wiki/Social-National_Party_of_Ukraine" title="Social-National Party of Ukraine">Social-National Party of Ukraine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The party combined <a href="/wiki/Radical_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Radical nationalism">radical nationalism</a> and alleged neo-Nazi features.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under <a href="/wiki/Oleh_Tyahnybok" title="Oleh Tyahnybok">Oleh Tyahnybok</a>, it was renamed and rebranded in 2004 as the All-Ukrainian Association Svoboda. Political scientists <a href="/w/index.php?title=Olexiy_Haran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olexiy Haran (page does not exist)">Olexiy Haran</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alexander_J._Motyl" title="Alexander J. Motyl">Alexander J. Motyl</a> contend that Svoboda is radical rather than fascist and they also argue that it has more similarities with far-right movements such as the <a href="/wiki/Tea_Party_movement" title="Tea Party movement">Tea Party movement</a> than it has with either fascists or neo-Nazis.<sup id="cite_ref-mot20ma_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mot20ma-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-kpsvobodabandera_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kpsvobodabandera-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2005, <a href="/wiki/Victor_Yushchenko" class="mw-redirect" title="Victor Yushchenko">Victor Yushchenko</a> appointed <a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Viatrovych" title="Volodymyr Viatrovych">Volodymyr Viatrovych</a> head of the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_security_service" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian security service">Ukrainian security service</a> (SBU) archives. According to professor <a href="/wiki/Per_Anders_Rudling" title="Per Anders Rudling">Per Anders Rudling</a>, this not only allowed Viatrovych to sanitize ultra-nationalist history but also to officially promote its dissemination along with <a href="/wiki/Organization_of_Ukrainian_Nationalists" class="mw-redirect" title="Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists">OUN(b)</a> ideology, which is based on "ethnic purity" coupled with <a href="/wiki/Anti-Russian_sentiment" title="Anti-Russian sentiment">anti-Russian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anti-Polish_sentiment" title="Anti-Polish sentiment">anti-Polish</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Antisemitic" class="mw-redirect" title="Antisemitic">antisemitic</a> rhetoric.<sup id="cite_ref-Ruldig_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ruldig-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The extreme right-wing now capitalizes on Yushchenkoist propaganda initiatives.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This includes Iuryi Mykhal'chyshyn, an ideologue who proudly confesses that he is a part of the fascist tradition.<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The autonomous nationalists focus on recruiting young people, participating in violent actions, and advocating "anti-bourgeoism, anti-capitalism, anti-globalism, anti-democratism, anti-liberalism, anti-bureaucratism, anti-dogmatism". Rulig suggested that Ukrainian President <a href="/wiki/Viktor_Yanukovych" title="Viktor Yanukovych">Viktor Yanukovych</a>, sworn in on 25 February 2010,<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "indirectly aided Svoboda" by "granting Svoboda representatives disproportionate attention in the media".<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/2010_Ukrainian_local_elections" title="2010 Ukrainian local elections">2010 Ukrainian local elections</a>, Svoboda achieved notable success in <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Galicia" title="Eastern Galicia">Eastern Galicia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SvobodawonthankstoYanu_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SvobodawonthankstoYanu-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 2012 parliamentary election, Svoboda came in fourth with 10,44% (almost a fourteenfold of its votes compared with the <a href="/wiki/2007_Ukrainian_parliamentary_election" title="2007 Ukrainian parliamentary election">2007 Ukrainian parliamentary election</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-DATASvob_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DATASvob-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-BBC261212_73-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC261212-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of the national votes and 38 out of 450 seats.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTSVOB8112012_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTSVOB8112012-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following the 2012 parliamentary election, <a href="/wiki/Batkivshchyna" title="Batkivshchyna">Batkivshchyna</a> and <a href="/wiki/UDAR" class="mw-redirect" title="UDAR">UDAR</a> cooperated officially with Svoboda.<sup id="cite_ref-UDARBSfriends_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UDARBSfriends-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SS-Galizien-Banner.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/SS-Galizien-Banner.jpg/220px-SS-Galizien-Banner.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/SS-Galizien-Banner.jpg/330px-SS-Galizien-Banner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/SS-Galizien-Banner.jpg/440px-SS-Galizien-Banner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2576" data-file-height="1674" /></a><figcaption>Fans of <a href="/wiki/FC_Karpaty_Lviv" title="FC Karpaty Lviv">FC Karpaty Lviv</a> honoring the <a href="/wiki/14th_Waffen_Grenadier_Division_of_the_SS_(1st_Ukrainian)" class="mw-redirect" title="14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Ukrainian)">Waffen-SS Galizien division</a>, 2013</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C_-_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC%27%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%96_%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%96_-_14033018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C_-_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC%27%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%96_%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%96_-_14033018.jpg/220px-%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C_-_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC%27%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%96_%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%96_-_14033018.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C_-_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC%27%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%96_%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%96_-_14033018.jpg/330px-%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C_-_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC%27%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%96_%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%96_-_14033018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C_-_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC%27%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%96_%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%96_-_14033018.jpg/440px-%D0%A2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C_-_%D0%A5%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BC%27%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%96_%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%97_%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%96_-_14033018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2008" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Euromaidan" title="Euromaidan">Euromaidan</a> activists wave Ukraine's official flag, the flag of the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_National_Assembly_%E2%80%93_Ukrainian_People%27s_Self-Defence" title="Ukrainian National Assembly – Ukrainian People's Self-Defence">Ukrainian People's Self-Defense</a> and a red and black flag used by multiple nationalist organizations vying for Ukraine's independence after both World Wars; it dates back all the way to Ukraine's 16th century, March 2014.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2014–2022"><span id="2014.E2.80.932022"></span>2014–2022</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ukrainian_nationalism&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: 2014–2022"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the ongoing <a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">Russo-Ukrainian War</a>, Russian media attempted to portray the Ukrainian party in the conflict as neo-Nazi, with Russian president <a href="/wiki/Vladimir_Putin" title="Vladimir Putin">Vladimir Putin</a> claiming in early 2022 that Ukraine was an 'artificial country run by Nazis'.<sup id="cite_ref-Balduk_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Balduk-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scholars such as historians and political scientists generally regard such claims as unfounded.<sup id="cite_ref-Balduk_78-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Balduk-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dutch historian of Ukraine Marc Jansen stated in 2022: 'There are far-right, anti-Semitic parties in Ukraine, but they play no significant role in the national government.'<sup id="cite_ref-Balduk_78-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Balduk-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although certain neo-Nazi-like groups such as the <a href="/wiki/Azov_Battalion" class="mw-redirect" title="Azov Battalion">Azov Battalion</a> participated in Euromaidan (alongside many other groups), and some were incorporated into the Ukrainian military and deployed in Donbas, that didn't make the Zelenskyy government 'neo-Nazis', said Jansen, who pointed out that <a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Zelenskyy" title="Volodymyr Zelenskyy">Volodymyr Zelenskyy</a> (elected president in 2019) is Jewish and his family has suffered in <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">the Holocaust</a>, with several relatives being killed by the Nazis.<sup id="cite_ref-Balduk_78-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Balduk-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The main Ukrainian organisations involved with a neo-<a href="/wiki/Stepan_Bandera" title="Stepan Bandera">Banderaite</a> legacy are Svoboda, <a href="/wiki/Right_Sector" title="Right Sector">Right Sector</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Azov_Battalion" class="mw-redirect" title="Azov Battalion">Azov Battalion</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Andriy_Biletsky_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Andriy Biletsky (politician)">Andriy Biletsky</a>, the head of the ultra-nationalist and neo-Banderaite political groups <a href="/wiki/Social-National_Assembly" title="Social-National Assembly">Social-National Assembly</a> and <a href="/wiki/Patriots_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Patriots of Ukraine">Patriots of Ukraine</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-bbc.com_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc.com-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was also the first commander of the <a href="/wiki/Azov_Battalion" class="mw-redirect" title="Azov Battalion">Azov Battalion</a><sup id="cite_ref-telegraph.co.uk_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-telegraph.co.uk-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Azov Battalion is part of the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_National_Guard" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian National Guard">Ukrainian National Guard</a><sup id="cite_ref-bloomberg_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bloomberg-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> fighting pro-Russian separatists in the <a href="/wiki/War_in_Donbas_(2014%E2%80%932022)" class="mw-redirect" title="War in Donbas (2014–2022)">War in Donbass</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to a report in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a></i>, some individual anonymous members of the battalion identified themselves as sympathetic to the Third Reich.<sup id="cite_ref-telegraph.co.uk_80-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-telegraph.co.uk-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 2015, Democratic Representative <a href="/wiki/John_Conyers" title="John Conyers">John Conyers</a> and his Republican colleague <a href="/wiki/Ted_Yoho" title="Ted Yoho">Ted Yoho</a> offered bipartisan amendments to block the U.S. military training of Ukraine's Azov Battalion.<sup id="cite_ref-bloomberg_81-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bloomberg-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After President Yanokovych's ouster in the February <a href="/wiki/2014_Ukrainian_revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="2014 Ukrainian revolution">2014 Ukrainian revolution</a>, the interim <a href="/wiki/First_Yatsenyuk_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="First Yatsenyuk Government">Yatsenyuk Government</a> placed four Svoboda members in leading positions; <a href="/wiki/Oleksandr_Sych" title="Oleksandr Sych">Oleksandr Sych</a> as <a href="/wiki/Vice_Prime_Minister_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Vice Prime Minister of Ukraine">Vice Prime Minister of Ukraine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ihor_Tenyukh" title="Ihor Tenyukh">Ihor Tenyukh</a> as <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Defense_(Ukraine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Defense (Ukraine)">Minister of Defense</a>, lawyer <a href="/wiki/Ihor_Shvaika" title="Ihor Shvaika">Ihor Shvaika</a> as <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Agriculture_(Ukraine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Agriculture (Ukraine)">Minister of Agrarian Policy and Food</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Andriy_Mokhnyk" title="Andriy Mokhnyk">Andriy Mokhnyk</a> as <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Ecology_(Ukraine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ministry of Ecology (Ukraine)">Minister of Ecology and Natural Resources of Ukraine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a 5 March 2014 fact sheet, the U.S. State Department stated that "[f]ar-right wing ultranationalist groups, some of which were involved in open clashes with security forces during the Euromaidan protests, are not represented in the <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian parliament">Ukrainian parliament</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the <a href="/wiki/2014_Ukrainian_presidential_election" title="2014 Ukrainian presidential election">2014 Ukrainian presidential election</a> and <a href="/wiki/2014_Ukrainian_parliamentary_election" title="2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election">2014 Ukrainian parliamentary election</a>, Svoboda candidates failed to meet the electoral threshold to win. The party won six constituency seats in the 2014 parliamentary election and obtained 4.71% of national election list votes.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 2014 presidential election, Svoboda leader <a href="/wiki/Oleh_Tyahnybok" title="Oleh Tyahnybok">Oleh Tyahnybok</a> received 1.16% of the vote.<sup id="cite_ref-nrcu.gov.ua56663_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nrcu.gov.ua56663-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Right Sector leader <a href="/wiki/Dmytro_Yarosh" title="Dmytro Yarosh">Dmytro Yarosh</a> gained 0.7% of the votes in the 2014 presidential election,<sup id="cite_ref-nrcu.gov.ua56663_89-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nrcu.gov.ua56663-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was elected to parliament in the 2014 parliamentary election as a Right Sector candidate by winning a <a href="/wiki/Single-member_district" title="Single-member district">single-member district</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Right Sector spokesperson <a href="/wiki/Boryslav_Bereza" title="Boryslav Bereza">Boryslav Bereza</a> as an independent candidate also won a seat and district.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Euromaidan Revolution of Dignity, the Russian annexation of Crimea and the ongoing Russo-Ukrainian War in Donbas have in the post-2014 years led to profound political, socio-economic and cultural-religious consequences for Ukrainian society.<sup id="cite_ref-Balduk_78-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Balduk-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While it was a divided bilingual country between 1991 and 2014, the occupied parts became increasingly (pro-)Russian and the unoccupied parts more pro-European, pro-western and more monolingually Ukrainian.<sup id="cite_ref-Balduk_78-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Balduk-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unoccupied Ukraine developed into an increasingly united society, characterised to a large extent by its opposition to the government of Putin and to a lesser extent Russia, the Russian language and culture.<sup id="cite_ref-Balduk_78-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Balduk-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In October 2018, there was also a <a href="/wiki/2018_Moscow%E2%80%93Constantinople_schism" title="2018 Moscow–Constantinople schism">schism</a> between the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church" title="Russian Orthodox Church">Russian Orthodox Church</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Ecumenical_Patriarchate_of_Constantinople" title="Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople">Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople</a> when the latter granted autonomy to the <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_of_Ukraine" title="Orthodox Church of Ukraine">Orthodox Church of Ukraine</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Balduk_78-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Balduk-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to historian Marc Jansen (2022): 'It is precisely because of the war in eastern Ukraine, which has been raging since 2014, that Ukraine has become a largely unified country. Putin has done more for Ukrainian nation-building than anyone else.'<sup id="cite_ref-Balduk_78-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Balduk-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other scholars also noted an acceleration of <a href="/wiki/Civic_nationalism" title="Civic nationalism">civic nationalism</a> in a broad spectrum of Ukrainian society, such as political scientist Lowell Barrington of <a href="/wiki/Marquette_University" title="Marquette University">Marquette University</a>, who said this type of nationalism bonds people through "feelings of solidarity, sympathy and obligation" rather than ethnicity. According to political scientist Oxana Shevel, author of the 2021 book <i>From ‘the Ukraine’ to Ukraine</i>, this was a result of aggression by Russia: 'In a paradoxical twist, Putin is basically unifying the Ukrainian nation.' This was also reflected in sociological data, despite Ukraine not having conducted a census since 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The radical nationalists group <a href="/wiki/S14_(Ukrainian_group)" title="S14 (Ukrainian group)">С14</a>, whose members openly expressed neo-Nazi views, gained notoriety in 2018 for being involved in violent attacks on <a href="/wiki/Romani_people" title="Romani people">Romany</a> camps.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 19 November 2018, Svoboda and fellow Ukrainian nationalist political organizations <a href="/wiki/Organization_of_Ukrainian_Nationalists" class="mw-redirect" title="Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists">Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Ukrainian_Nationalists" title="Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists">Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists</a>, Right Sector, and C14 endorsed <a href="/wiki/Ruslan_Koshulynskyi" title="Ruslan Koshulynskyi">Ruslan Koshulynskyi</a>'s candidacy in the <a href="/wiki/2019_Ukrainian_presidential_election" title="2019 Ukrainian presidential election">2019 Ukrainian presidential election</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the election, <a href="/wiki/Ruslan_Koshulynskyi" title="Ruslan Koshulynskyi">Ruslan Koshulynskyi</a>'s and all united nationalist party received 1.6% of the votes.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the <a href="/wiki/2019_Ukrainian_parliamentary_election" title="2019 Ukrainian parliamentary election">2019 Ukrainian parliamentary election</a>, a united party list with the nationalist right-wing parties Svoboda, Right Sector, <a href="/wiki/Governmental_Initiative_of_Yarosh" class="mw-redirect" title="Governmental Initiative of Yarosh">Governmental Initiative of Yarosh</a>, and <a href="/wiki/National_Corps" title="National Corps">National Corps</a> completely failed elections with 2.15% of the votes and did not receive enough votes to clear the 5% election threshold, and thus lost all seats in <a href="/wiki/Verkhovna_Rada" title="Verkhovna Rada">Verkhovna Rada</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2748306ukrinform.net_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2748306ukrinform.net-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Svoboda did win one constituency seat in the election.<sup id="cite_ref-2748306ukrinform.net_97-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2748306ukrinform.net-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Boryslav Bereza and Dmytro Yarosh lost their parliamentary seats.<sup id="cite_ref-2748306ukrinform.net_97-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2748306ukrinform.net-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Zelenskyy" title="Volodymyr Zelenskyy">Volodymyr Zelenskyy</a> won the <a href="/wiki/2019_Ukrainian_presidential_election" title="2019 Ukrainian presidential election">2019 presidential election in Ukraine</a>. He ran for the <a href="/wiki/Servant_of_the_People" title="Servant of the People">Servant of the People</a> party which has previously argued for "mild Ukrainization".<sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2022–present"><span id="2022.E2.80.93present"></span>2022–present</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ukrainian_nationalism&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: 2022–present"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Protestors_against_2022_Russia_invasion_of_Ukraine,_in_Shibuya_Hachiko_square.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Protestors_against_2022_Russia_invasion_of_Ukraine%2C_in_Shibuya_Hachiko_square.jpg/200px-Protestors_against_2022_Russia_invasion_of_Ukraine%2C_in_Shibuya_Hachiko_square.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Protestors_against_2022_Russia_invasion_of_Ukraine%2C_in_Shibuya_Hachiko_square.jpg/300px-Protestors_against_2022_Russia_invasion_of_Ukraine%2C_in_Shibuya_Hachiko_square.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Protestors_against_2022_Russia_invasion_of_Ukraine%2C_in_Shibuya_Hachiko_square.jpg/400px-Protestors_against_2022_Russia_invasion_of_Ukraine%2C_in_Shibuya_Hachiko_square.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption>Pro-Ukrainian protestors in <a href="/wiki/Tokyo" title="Tokyo">Tokyo, Japan</a>, demonstrating support with the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Ukraine" title="Flag of Ukraine">flag of Ukraine</a></figcaption></figure> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Russian_invasion_of_Ukraine" title="Russian invasion of Ukraine">Russian invasion of Ukraine</a>, there has been a large increase in pro-Ukrainian position inside Ukraine. In other countries, the <a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Ukraine" title="Flag of Ukraine">Ukrainian flag</a> has been used to show support for the Ukrainian cause during the war. There was also a rapid shift in pro-Ukrainian attitudes in the eastern part of the country, including people vowing to use the Ukrainian language more.<sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A study of survey data from 2019, 2021, and 2022 indicated that the eight-year war and major Russian invasion had strengthened pro-European and pro-democratic civic identity, rather than ethnolinguistic or ethnonational identity.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A <a href="/wiki/Derussification_in_Ukraine" title="Derussification in Ukraine">derussification campaign</a> swept through Ukraine following the February 2022 invasion.<sup id="cite_ref-2022915MansurMirovalev_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2022915MansurMirovalev-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-DniproSBS7368431UN_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DniproSBS7368431UN-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among other renamings, in the <a href="/wiki/Central_Ukraine" title="Central Ukraine">central Ukrainian</a> city <a href="/wiki/Dnipro" title="Dnipro">Dnipro</a> the Schmidt Street (the street was originally the Gymnasium Street but it was renamed to <a href="/wiki/Otto_Schmidt" title="Otto Schmidt">Otto Schmidt</a> Street by <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet</a> authorities in 1934<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) was renamed to <a href="/wiki/Stepan_Bandera" title="Stepan Bandera">Stepan Bandera</a> Street.<sup id="cite_ref-DniproSBS7368431UN_104-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DniproSBS7368431UN-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Meanwhile several Ukrainian cities <a href="/wiki/Demolition_of_monuments_to_Alexander_Pushkin_in_Ukraine" title="Demolition of monuments to Alexander Pushkin in Ukraine">removed statues and busts</a> of the 19th century Russian poet <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Pushkin" title="Alexander Pushkin">Alexander Pushkin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-20220412Pushkinfall_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20220412Pushkinfall-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Public school curriculum are no longer prescribing works by Russian authors, and publishing books written by Russian nationals was outlawed.<sup id="cite_ref-2022915MansurMirovalev_103-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2022915MansurMirovalev-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nationalist_political_parties">Nationalist political parties</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ukrainian_nationalism&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Nationalist political parties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Ukrainian_nationalism" title="Special:EditPage/Ukrainian nationalism">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Current">Current</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ukrainian_nationalism&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Current"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Movement_of_Ukraine" title="People's Movement of Ukraine">People's Movement of Ukraine</a> (1990–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_National_Assembly_%E2%80%93_Ukrainian_People%27s_Self-Defence" title="Ukrainian National Assembly – Ukrainian People's Self-Defence">Ukrainian National Assembly – Ukrainian People's Self-Defence</a> (1990–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Ukrainian_Nationalists" title="Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists">Congress of Ukrainian Nationalists</a> (1992–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Svoboda_(political_party)" title="Svoboda (political party)">All-Ukrainian Union "Freedom"</a> (1995–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batkivshchyna" title="Batkivshchyna">All-Ukrainian Union "Fatherland"</a> (1999–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_People%27s_Party" title="Ukrainian People's Party">Ukrainian People's Party</a> (2002–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Republican_Party_(registered_in_2006)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian Republican Party (registered in 2006)">Ukrainian Republican Party</a> (2006–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_Party_of_Oleh_Liashko" title="Radical Party of Oleh Liashko">Radical Party of Oleh Liashko</a> (2010–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Solidarity" title="European Solidarity">European Solidarity</a> (2014–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_Sector" title="Right Sector">Right Sector</a> (2013–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/People%27s_Front_(Ukraine)" title="People's Front (Ukraine)">People's Front</a> (2014–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Corps" title="National Corps">National Corps</a> (2016–present)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Defunct">Defunct</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ukrainian_nationalism&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Defunct"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Radical_Party" title="Ukrainian Radical Party">Ukrainian Radical Party</a> (1890–1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Ukrainian_Party" title="Revolutionary Ukrainian Party">Revolutionary Ukrainian Party</a> (1900–1905)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borotbists" title="Borotbists">Borotbists</a> (1918–1920)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Communist_Party" title="Ukrainian Communist Party">Ukrainian Communist Party</a> (1920–1925)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/All-Ukrainian_Political_Movement_%22State_Independence_of_Ukraine%22" title="All-Ukrainian Political Movement "State Independence of Ukraine"">All-Ukrainian Political Movement "State Independence of Ukraine"</a> (1990–2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social-National_Party_of_Ukraine" title="Social-National Party of Ukraine">Social-National Party of Ukraine</a> (1991–2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/UKROP" title="UKROP">UKROP</a> (2015–2020)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_literature">In literature</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ukrainian_nationalism&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: In literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One of the most prominent figures in Ukrainian national history, the Ukrainian poet <a href="/wiki/Taras_Shevchenko" title="Taras Shevchenko">Taras Shevchenko</a>, voiced ideas of an independent and sovereign Ukraine in the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-Kleiner,_Israel_2000_107-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kleiner,_Israel_2000-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Taras Shevchenko used poetry to inspire cultural revival to the Ukrainian people and to strive to overthrow injustice.<sup id="cite_ref-Kleiner,_Israel_2000_107-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kleiner,_Israel_2000-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shevchenko died in Saint Petersburg on 10 March 1861, the day after his 47th birthday. Ukrainians regard him as a national hero, becoming a symbol of the national cultural revival of Ukraine. Beside Shevchenko, numerous other poets have written in Ukrainian. Among them, <a href="/wiki/Volodymyr_Sosyura" class="mw-redirect" title="Volodymyr Sosyura">Volodymyr Sosyura</a> stated in his poem <i>Love Ukraine</i> (1944) that one cannot respect other nations without respect for one's own. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ukrainian_nationalism&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Ukrainian_history" title="Bibliography of Ukrainian history">Bibliography of Ukrainian history</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Alexander_Armstrong" title="John Alexander Armstrong">John Alexander Armstrong</a>, <i>Ukrainian Nationalism</i>, <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University_Press" title="Columbia University Press">Columbia University Press</a>, 1963.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John-Paul_Himka" title="John-Paul Himka">John-Paul Himka</a>, <i>Galician Villagers and the Ukrainian National Movement in the Nineteenth Century</i>, <a href="/wiki/Palgrave_Macmillan" title="Palgrave Macmillan">Palgrave Macmillan</a>, 1988.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taras_Hunczak" title="Taras Hunczak">Taras Hunczak</a>, <i>The Ukraine, 1917-1921: A Study in Revolution</i>, <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>, 1990.</li> <li>John-Paul Himka, <i>Religion and Nationality in Western Ukraine: The Greek Catholic Church and the Ruthenian National Movement in Galicia, 1867–1900</i>, <a href="/wiki/McGill%E2%80%93Queen%27s_University_Press" title="McGill–Queen's University Press">McGill–Queen's University Press</a>, 1999.</li> <li>Taras Hunczak, <i>Ukraine: The Challenges of World War II</i>, <a href="/wiki/University_Press_of_America" title="University Press of America">University Press of America</a>, 2003.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Davies" title="Norman Davies">Norman Davies</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Europe_at_War_1939%E2%80%931945:_No_Simple_Victory" title="Europe at War 1939–1945: No Simple Victory">Europe at War 1939–1945: No Simple Victory</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Macmillan_Publishers" title="Macmillan Publishers">Macmillan Publishers</a>, 2006.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_D._Snyder" class="mw-redirect" title="Timothy D. Snyder">Timothy D. Snyder</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Bloodlands" title="Bloodlands">Bloodlands: Europe Between Hitler and Stalin</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Basic_Books" title="Basic Books">Basic Books</a>, 2010.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grzegorz_Rossoli%C5%84ski-Liebe" title="Grzegorz Rossoliński-Liebe">Grzegorz Rossoliński-Liebe</a>, <i>Stepan Bandera: The Life and Afterlife of a Ukrainian Nationalist. Fascism, Genocide, and Cult</i>, Ibidem Press, 2014.</li> <li>John-Paul Himka, <i>Ukrainian Nationalists and the Holocaust</i>, <a href="/wiki/Ibidem_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibidem Press">Ibidem Press</a>, 2021.</li> <li>Taras Hunczak, <i>On The Horns Of A Dilemma: The Story of the Ukrainian Division Halychyna</i>, University Press of America, 2021.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ukrainian_nationalism&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/32px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/48px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg/64px-Flag_of_Ukraine.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="800" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Ukraine" title="Portal:Ukraine">Ukraine portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism_in_Ukraine" title="Antisemitism in Ukraine">Antisemitism in Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Ukrainian_sentiment" title="Anti-Ukrainian sentiment">Anti-Ukrainian sentiment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics_in_Ukraine" title="Far-right politics in Ukraine">Far-right politics in Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Ukraine" title="Greater Ukraine">Greater Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazism_in_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Nazism in Ukraine">Neo-Nazism in Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism_in_Ukraine" title="Racism in Ukraine">Racism in Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_National_Revival" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrainian National Revival">Ukrainian National Revival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainization" title="Ukrainization">Ukrainization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainophilia" title="Ukrainophilia">Ukrainophilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De-Stalinization" title="De-Stalinization">De-Stalinization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russia%E2%80%93Ukraine_relations" title="Russia–Ukraine relations">Russia–Ukraine relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Ukrainian_War" title="Russo-Ukrainian War">Russo-Ukrainian War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronology_of_Ukrainian_language_suppression" title="Chronology of Ukrainian language suppression">Chronology of Ukrainian language suppression</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ukrainian_nationalism&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-oxford_dict-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-oxford_dict_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAdeney2009" class="citation book cs1">Adeney, Katharine (2009). "Nationalism". In Iain, McLean; McMillan, Alistair (eds.). <i>The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Politics</i> (3rd ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780191727191" title="Special:BookSources/9780191727191"><bdi>9780191727191</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Nationalism&rft.btitle=The+Concise+Oxford+Dictionary+of+Politics&rft.place=Oxford&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9780191727191&rft.aulast=Adeney&rft.aufirst=Katharine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Triandafyllidou-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Triandafyllidou_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTriandafyllidou1998" class="citation journal cs1">Triandafyllidou, Anna (1998). "National Identity and the Other". <i>Ethnic and Racial Studies</i>. <b>21</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">593–</span>612. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F014198798329784">10.1080/014198798329784</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Ethnic+and+Racial+Studies&rft.atitle=National+Identity+and+the+Other&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E593-%3C%2Fspan%3E612&rft.date=1998&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F014198798329784&rft.aulast=Triandafyllidou&rft.aufirst=Anna&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tajfel-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Tajfel_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTajfelTurner2004" class="citation book cs1">Tajfel, Henri; Turner, John C. (2004). "The Social Identity Theory of Intergroup Behavior". In Jost, John T.; Sidanius, Jim (eds.). <i>Key readings in social psychology. Political psychology: Key readings</i>. Psychology Press. pp. 276–293).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Social+Identity+Theory+of+Intergroup+Behavior&rft.btitle=Key+readings+in+social+psychology.+Political+psychology%3A+Key+readings&rft.pages=276-293%29&rft.pub=Psychology+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Tajfel&rft.aufirst=Henri&rft.au=Turner%2C+John+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CV%5CY%5CVyshnevetskyDmytro.htm">"Vyshnevetsky, Dmytro"</a>. <i>www.encyclopediaofukraine.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200201135227/http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CV%5CY%5CVyshnevetskyDmytro.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-02-01<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-02-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.encyclopediaofukraine.com&rft.atitle=Vyshnevetsky%2C+Dmytro&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopediaofukraine.com%2Fdisplay.asp%3Flinkpath%3Dpages%255CV%255CY%255CVyshnevetskyDmytro.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson1997" class="citation book cs1">Wilson, Andrew (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=F_QMCypjpXwC"><i>Ukrainian Nationalism in the 1990s: A Minority Faith</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 6. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-57457-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-57457-0"><bdi>978-0-521-57457-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ukrainian+Nationalism+in+the+1990s%3A+A+Minority+Faith&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-521-57457-0&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DF_QMCypjpXwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/place/Ukraine">"Ukraine | History, Geography, People, & Language"</a>. <i>Encyclopedia Britannica</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200124023022/https://www.britannica.com/place/Ukraine">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-01-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-02-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Encyclopedia+Britannica&rft.atitle=Ukraine+%7C+History%2C+Geography%2C+People%2C+%26+Language&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Fplace%2FUkraine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-autoa1-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-autoa1_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-autoa1_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CC%5CO%5CCossacks.htm">"Cossacks"</a>. <i>www.encyclopediaofukraine.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150720181731/http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/display.asp?linkpath=pages%5CC%5CO%5CCossacks.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2015-07-20<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2020-02-17</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.encyclopediaofukraine.com&rft.atitle=Cossacks&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopediaofukraine.com%2Fdisplay.asp%3Flinkpath%3Dpages%255CC%255CO%255CCossacks.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYekelchyk2007" class="citation book cs1">Yekelchyk, Serhy (2007). <i>Ukraine : birth of a modern nation</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 28. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-530545-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-530545-6"><bdi>978-0-19-530545-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/71173938">71173938</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ukraine+%3A+birth+of+a+modern+nation&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=28&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F71173938&rft.isbn=978-0-19-530545-6&rft.aulast=Yekelchyk&rft.aufirst=Serhy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mazepa,_Ivan-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Mazepa,_Ivan_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/pages/M/A/MazepaIvan.htm">"Mazepa, Ivan"</a>. Encyclopediaofukraine.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-04-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mazepa%2C+Ivan&rft.pub=Encyclopediaofukraine.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopediaofukraine.com%2Fpages%2FM%2FA%2FMazepaIvan.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMagocsi1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Robert_Magocsi" title="Paul Robert Magocsi">Magocsi, Paul Robert</a> (1996). <i>A History of Ukraine</i>. <a href="/wiki/Toronto" title="Toronto">Toronto</a>: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto_Press" title="University of Toronto Press">University of Toronto Press</a>. p. 784. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8020-0830-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8020-0830-5"><bdi>0-8020-0830-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Ukraine&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pages=784&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-8020-0830-5&rft.aulast=Magocsi&rft.aufirst=Paul+Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKármánKunčevic2013" class="citation book cs1">Kármán, Gábor; Kunčevic, Lovro, eds. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brill.com/european-tributary-states-ottoman-empire-sixteenth-and-seventeenth-centuries"><i>The European Tributary States of the Ottoman Empire in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries</i></a>. Leiden: Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004246065" title="Special:BookSources/9789004246065"><bdi>9789004246065</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+European+Tributary+States+of+the+Ottoman+Empire+in+the+Sixteenth+and+Seventeenth+Centuries&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=9789004246065&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.brill.com%2Feuropean-tributary-states-ottoman-empire-sixteenth-and-seventeenth-centuries&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wilson_78-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wilson_78_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Wilson 78</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto4-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-auto4_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uahistory.co/book/boyko/28.html">"Роль Галицько-Волинського князівства в історії української державності – Галицько-Волинська держава — спадкоємиця Київської Русі – Посібник О.Д. Бойко – Історія України – Статті – Шкільна програма 12 класів"</a> [The role of the Galicia-Volyn principality in the history of Ukrainian statehood - The Galicia-Volyn state - the heiress of Kyivan Rus - Guide O.D. Boyko - History of Ukraine - Articles - 12th grade school curriculum]. <i>uahistory.co</i> (in Ukrainian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-08-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=uahistory.co&rft.atitle=%D0%A0%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C+%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE+%D0%BA%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0+%D0%B2+%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%97+%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%97+%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96+%E2%80%93+%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE-%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0+%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0+%E2%80%94+%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%94%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8F+%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%97%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%97+%D0%A0%D1%83%D1%81%D1%96+%E2%80%93+%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA+%D0%9E.%D0%94.+%D0%91%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%BE+%E2%80%93+%D0%86%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%8F+%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8+%E2%80%93+%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%82%D1%96+%E2%80%93+%D0%A8%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0+12+%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%96%D0%B2&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fuahistory.co%2Fbook%2Fboyko%2F28.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ukraine_-_MSN_Encarta-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ukraine_-_MSN_Encarta_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ukraine_-_MSN_Encarta_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ukraine_-_MSN_Encarta_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061210152938/http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761573617_9/Ukraine.html"><i>Ukraine</i></a>. MSN Encarta. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761573617_9/Ukraine.html#p58">the original</a> on 10 December 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ukraine&rft.pub=MSN+Encarta&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fencarta.msn.com%2Fencyclopedia_761573617_9%2FUkraine.html%23p58&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShelest1997" class="citation book cs1">Shelest, V. (1997). <i>Symon Petliura – Liudyna i derzhavnyk</i> [<i>Symon Petliura - a man and a statesman</i>]. Toronto: University ofToronto. p. 47.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Symon+Petliura+%E2%80%93+Liudyna+i+derzhavnyk&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pages=47&rft.pub=University+ofToronto&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Shelest&rft.aufirst=V.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071030102658/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,731176-2,00.html">"Petlura Trial – TIME"</a>. November 5, 1927. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,731176-2,00.html">the original</a> on October 30, 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Petlura+Trial+%E2%80%93+TIME&rft.date=1927-11-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C731176-2%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071030102658/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,731176-2,00.html#ixzz0gBckOLa7">"FRANCE: Petlura Trial"</a>. <i>Time</i>. November 7, 1927. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,731176-2,00.html#ixzz0gBckOLa7">the original</a> on October 30, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 17,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=FRANCE%3A+Petlura+Trial&rft.date=1927-11-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Farticle%2F0%2C9171%2C731176-2%2C00.html%23ixzz0gBckOLa7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDanylevsky1947" class="citation book cs1">Danylevsky, K. (1947). <i>Petliura v sertsiakh i pisniakh svoho narodu</i> [<i>Petliura in the hearts and songs of his people</i>]. Regensberg. p. 6.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Petliura+v+sertsiakh+i+pisniakh+svoho+narodu&rft.place=Regensberg&rft.pages=6&rft.date=1947&rft.aulast=Danylevsky&rft.aufirst=K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="Please supply "|publisher=" for an organizational publisher with "|publisher=" (August 2024)">publisher missing</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDanylevsky1947" class="citation book cs1">Danylevsky, K. (1947). <i>Petliura v sertsiakh i pisniakh svoho narodu</i> [<i>Petliura in the hearts and songs of his people</i>]. Regensberg. p. 8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Petliura+v+sertsiakh+i+pisniakh+svoho+narodu&rft.place=Regensberg&rft.pages=8&rft.date=1947&rft.aulast=Danylevsky&rft.aufirst=K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources"><span title="Please supply "|publisher=" for an organizational publisher with "|publisher=" (August 2024)">publisher missing</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFriedman1976" class="citation book cs1">Friedman, Saul S. (1976). <i>Pogromchik : the assassination of Simon Petlura</i>. Paul Avrich Collection. New York: Hart Pub. Co. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8055-1162-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-8055-1162-8"><bdi>0-8055-1162-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/2306425">2306425</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pogromchik+%3A+the+assassination+of+Simon+Petlura&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Hart+Pub.+Co.&rft.date=1976&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F2306425&rft.isbn=0-8055-1162-8&rft.aulast=Friedman&rft.aufirst=Saul+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120913230841/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/printout/0,8816,731176,00.html">"FRANCE: Petlura Trial"</a>. <i>Time</i>. November 7, 1927. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.time.com/time/magazine/printout/0,8816,731176,00.html">the original</a> on September 13, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 24,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=FRANCE%3A+Petlura+Trial&rft.date=1927-11-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.time.com%2Ftime%2Fmagazine%2Fprintout%2F0%2C8816%2C731176%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Snyder3-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Snyder3_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Snyder3_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Snyder3_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSnyder2010" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Timothy_Snyder" title="Timothy Snyder">Snyder, Timothy</a> (24 February 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nybooks.com/daily/2010/02/24/a-fascist-hero-in-democratic-kiev/">"A Fascist Hero in Democratic Kiev"</a>. <i>nybooks.com</i>. NYREV<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=nybooks.com&rft.atitle=A+Fascist+Hero+in+Democratic+Kiev&rft.date=2010-02-24&rft.aulast=Snyder&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nybooks.com%2Fdaily%2F2010%2F02%2F24%2Fa-fascist-hero-in-democratic-kiev%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTrencsenyiKopecek2019" class="citation book cs1">Trencsenyi, Balazs; Kopecek, Michal (2019). <i>A History of Modern Political Thought in East Central Europe: Volume II: Negotiating Modernity in the 'Short Twentieth Century' and Beyond, Part I: 1918–1968</i>. <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">42–</span>43. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0198737155" title="Special:BookSources/978-0198737155"><bdi>978-0198737155</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Modern+Political+Thought+in+East+Central+Europe%3A+Volume+II%3A+Negotiating+Modernity+in+the+%27Short+Twentieth+Century%27+and+Beyond%2C+Part+I%3A+1918%E2%80%931968&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E42-%3C%2Fspan%3E43&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-0198737155&rft.aulast=Trencsenyi&rft.aufirst=Balazs&rft.au=Kopecek%2C+Michal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPolonsky1972" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Antony_Polonsky" title="Antony Polonsky">Polonsky, Antony</a> (1972). <i>Politics in Independent Poland, 1921-1939: The Crisis of Constitutional Government</i>. Clarendon Press. p. 374. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0198271826" title="Special:BookSources/978-0198271826"><bdi>978-0198271826</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Politics+in+Independent+Poland%2C+1921-1939%3A+The+Crisis+of+Constitutional+Government&rft.pages=374&rft.pub=Clarendon+Press&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=978-0198271826&rft.aulast=Polonsky&rft.aufirst=Antony&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rosjapl.info-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rosjapl.info_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rosjapl.info_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWojciech2014" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit">Wojciech, Kujawa (20 September 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211207200052/https://www.rosjapl.info/historia-rosji-ukrainy-zsrr/historia-ukrainy/ukraincy-w-miedzywojennej-polsce.html?start=1">"Ukraińcy w przedwojennej Polsce"</a>. <i>www.rosjapl.info</i>. Archived from the original on 7 December 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.rosjapl.info&rft.atitle=Ukrai%C5%84cy+w+przedwojennej+Polsce&rft.date=2014-09-20&rft.aulast=Wojciech&rft.aufirst=Kujawa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rosjapl.info%2Fhistoria-rosji-ukrainy-zsrr%2Fhistoria-ukrainy%2Fukraincy-w-miedzywojennej-polsce.html%3Fstart%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Snyder-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Snyder_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSnyder2006" class="citation book cs1">Snyder, Timothy (2006-03-22). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xSpEynLxJ1MC&q=Volhynia+1943&pg=PA170"><i>The Reconstruction of Nations</i></a>. Yale University Press. p. 144. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-10586-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-10586-5"><bdi>978-0-300-10586-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-04-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Reconstruction+of+Nations&rft.pages=144&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2006-03-22&rft.isbn=978-0-300-10586-5&rft.aulast=Snyder&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxSpEynLxJ1MC%26q%3DVolhynia%2B1943%26pg%3DPA170&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Davies_GP2-407-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Davies_GP2-407_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavies" class="citation book cs1">Davies, Norman. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DMoPXktGwiUC&dq=Davies+OUN+terrorism&pg=PA407"><i>God's Playground: A History of Poland</i></a>. Columbia University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780231514798" title="Special:BookSources/9780231514798"><bdi>9780231514798</bdi></a> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=God%27s+Playground%3A+A+History+of+Poland&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.isbn=9780231514798&rft.aulast=Davies&rft.aufirst=Norman&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDMoPXktGwiUC%26dq%3DDavies%2BOUN%2Bterrorism%26pg%3DPA407&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Subtelny-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Subtelny_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Subtelny_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSubtelny2009" class="citation book cs1">Subtelny, Orest (2009). <i>Ukraine: A History</i> (4th ed.). <a href="/wiki/Toronto_University_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Toronto University Press">Toronto University Press</a>. p. 445. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4426-4016-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4426-4016-0"><bdi>978-1-4426-4016-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ukraine%3A+A+History&rft.pages=445&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Toronto+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-4426-4016-0&rft.aulast=Subtelny&rft.aufirst=Orest&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRudnicki1977" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Szymon_Rudnicki" title="Szymon Rudnicki">Rudnicki, Szymon</a> (1977). "Rozbicie ruchu młodzieżowego "Obozu Narodowego"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>". <i>Dzieje Najnowsze</i>. <b>9</b> (1): 23–46 (43).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Dzieje+Najnowsze&rft.atitle=Rozbicie+ruchu+m%C5%82odzie%C5%BCowego+%22Obozu+Narodowego%22&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=23-46+%2843%29&rft.date=1977&rft.aulast=Rudnicki&rft.aufirst=Szymon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-report-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-report_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBreitmanNorman_J.W._Goda2010" class="citation book cs1">Breitman, Richard; Norman J.W. Goda (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.archives.gov/iwg/reports/hitlers-shadow.pdf"><i>Hitler's Shadow: Nazi War Criminals, US Intelligence, and the Cold War</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. National Archives. p. 73<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-12-12</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hitler%27s+Shadow%3A+Nazi+War+Criminals%2C+US+Intelligence%2C+and+the+Cold+War&rft.pages=73&rft.pub=National+Archives&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Breitman&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft.au=Norman+J.W.+Goda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.archives.gov%2Fiwg%2Freports%2Fhitlers-shadow.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSudoplatov1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Pavel_Sudoplatov" title="Pavel Sudoplatov">Sudoplatov, Pavel</a> (1994). <i><a href="/wiki/Special_Tasks" title="Special Tasks">Special Tasks: The Memoirs of an Unwanted Witness, a Soviet Spymaster</a></i>. pp. <span class="nowrap">23–</span>24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Special+Tasks%3A+The+Memoirs+of+an+Unwanted+Witness%2C+a+Soviet+Spymaster&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E23-%3C%2Fspan%3E24&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Sudoplatov&rft.aufirst=Pavel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSudoplatov1994" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Pavel_Sudoplatov" title="Pavel Sudoplatov">Sudoplatov, Pavel</a> (1994). <i><a href="/wiki/Special_Tasks" title="Special Tasks">Special Tasks: The Memoirs of an Unwanted Witness, a Soviet Spymaster</a></i>. p. 16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Special+Tasks%3A+The+Memoirs+of+an+Unwanted+Witness%2C+a+Soviet+Spymaster&rft.pages=16&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Sudoplatov&rft.aufirst=Pavel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wilson-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Wilson_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wilson_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wilson_34-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Wilson_34-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson1997" class="citation book cs1">Wilson, Andrew (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=F_QMCypjpXwC"><i>Ukrainian Nationalism in the 1990s: A Minority Faith</i></a>. Cambridge University Press. p. 51. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-57457-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-57457-0"><bdi>978-0-521-57457-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ukrainian+Nationalism+in+the+1990s%3A+A+Minority+Faith&rft.pages=51&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-0-521-57457-0&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DF_QMCypjpXwC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartin1998" class="citation journal cs1">Martin, Terry (December 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dash.harvard.edu/bitstream/handle/1/3229636/Martin%201998.pdf?sequence=2">"The Origins of Soviet Ethnic Cleansing"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The Journal of Modern History</i>. <b>70</b> (4). The University of Chicago Press: 820. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1086%2F235168">10.1086/235168</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:32917643">32917643</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Modern+History&rft.atitle=The+Origins+of+Soviet+Ethnic+Cleansing&rft.volume=70&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=820&rft.date=1998-12&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1086%2F235168&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A32917643%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Martin&rft.aufirst=Terry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdash.harvard.edu%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F1%2F3229636%2FMartin%25201998.pdf%3Fsequence%3D2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Snyder2-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Snyder2_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Snyder2_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSnyder2006" class="citation book cs1">Snyder, Timothy (2006-03-22). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xSpEynLxJ1MC&q=Volhynia+1943&pg=PA170"><i>The Reconstruction of Nations</i></a>. Yale University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">168–</span>170, 176. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-10586-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-10586-5"><bdi>978-0-300-10586-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-04-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Reconstruction+of+Nations&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E168-%3C%2Fspan%3E170%2C+176&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2006-03-22&rft.isbn=978-0-300-10586-5&rft.aulast=Snyder&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxSpEynLxJ1MC%26q%3DVolhynia%2B1943%26pg%3DPA170&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HistoryOrgPDF16-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HistoryOrgPDF16_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.org.ua/oun_upa/oun/16.pdf">"16"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists and the Ukrainian Insurgent Army</i>. Institute of Ukrainian History, Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. pp. <span class="nowrap">247–</span>295.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=16&rft.btitle=Organization+of+Ukrainian+Nationalists+and+the+Ukrainian+Insurgent+Army&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E247-%3C%2Fspan%3E295&rft.pub=Institute+of+Ukrainian+History%2C+Academy+of+Sciences+of+Ukraine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.org.ua%2Foun_upa%2Foun%2F16.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged March 2016">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMotyka2006" class="citation book cs1">Motyka, Grzegorz (2006). <i>Ukraińska Partyzantka 1942–1960</i>. Warszaw: Instytut Studiów Politycznych PAN: Oficyna Wydawnicza Rytm. p. 329.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ukrai%C5%84ska+Partyzantka+1942%E2%80%931960&rft.place=Warszaw&rft.pages=329&rft.pub=Instytut+Studi%C3%B3w+Politycznych+PAN%3A+Oficyna+Wydawnicza+Rytm&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Motyka&rft.aufirst=Grzegorz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-encyclopediaofukraine1-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-encyclopediaofukraine1_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-encyclopediaofukraine1_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.encyclopediaofukraine.com/pages/B/A/BanderaStepan.htm">"Bandera, Stepan"</a>. Encyclopediaofukraine.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-04-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bandera%2C+Stepan&rft.pub=Encyclopediaofukraine.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.encyclopediaofukraine.com%2Fpages%2FB%2FA%2FBanderaStepan.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Serhy-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Serhy_40-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYekelchyk2007" class="citation book cs1">Yekelchyk, Serhy (2007). <i>Ukraine : birth of a modern nation</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 144. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-530545-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-530545-6"><bdi>978-0-19-530545-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/71173938">71173938</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ukraine+%3A+birth+of+a+modern+nation&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=144&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F71173938&rft.isbn=978-0-19-530545-6&rft.aulast=Yekelchyk&rft.aufirst=Serhy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFerguson2006" class="citation book cs1">Ferguson, Niall (2006). <i>The war of the world : twentieth-century conflict and the descent of the West</i>. New York: Penguin Press. p. 455. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-311239-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-311239-6"><bdi>978-0-14-311239-6</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/180266465">180266465</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+war+of+the+world+%3A+twentieth-century+conflict+and+the+descent+of+the+West&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=455&rft.pub=Penguin+Press&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F180266465&rft.isbn=978-0-14-311239-6&rft.aulast=Ferguson&rft.aufirst=Niall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavies2006" class="citation book cs1">Davies, Norman (2006). <i>Europe at War 1939-1945: No Simple Victory</i>. London: Macmillan. p. 352. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-333-69285-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-333-69285-1"><bdi>978-0-333-69285-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/70401618">70401618</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Europe+at+War+1939-1945%3A+No+Simple+Victory&rft.place=London&rft.pages=352&rft.pub=Macmillan&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F70401618&rft.isbn=978-0-333-69285-1&rft.aulast=Davies&rft.aufirst=Norman&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSnyder2006" class="citation book cs1">Snyder, Timothy (2006-03-22). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xSpEynLxJ1MC&q=Volhynia+1943&pg=PA170"><i>The Reconstruction of Nations</i></a>. Yale University Press. p. 170. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-10586-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-10586-5"><bdi>978-0-300-10586-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-04-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Reconstruction+of+Nations&rft.pages=170&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2006-03-22&rft.isbn=978-0-300-10586-5&rft.aulast=Snyder&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxSpEynLxJ1MC%26q%3DVolhynia%2B1943%26pg%3DPA170&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYekelchyk2015" class="citation book cs1">Yekelchyk, Serhy (2015-01-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Kk5hBgAAQBAJ"><i>Stalin's Empire of Memory: Russian-Ukrainian Relations in the Soviet Historical Imagination</i></a>. University of Toronto Press. p. 95. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4426-2392-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4426-2392-7"><bdi>978-1-4426-2392-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stalin%27s+Empire+of+Memory%3A+Russian-Ukrainian+Relations+in+the+Soviet+Historical+Imagination&rft.pages=95&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=2015-01-15&rft.isbn=978-1-4426-2392-7&rft.aulast=Yekelchyk&rft.aufirst=Serhy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKk5hBgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoo2004" class="citation journal cs1">Joo, Hyung-Min (June 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/0966813042000220476">"Voices of freedom: Samizdat"</a>. <i>Europe-Asia Studies</i>. <b>56</b> (4): <span class="nowrap">571–</span>594. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F0966813042000220476">10.1080/0966813042000220476</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0966-8136">0966-8136</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:155084186">155084186</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Europe-Asia+Studies&rft.atitle=Voices+of+freedom%3A+Samizdat&rft.volume=56&rft.issue=4&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E571-%3C%2Fspan%3E594&rft.date=2004-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A155084186%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0966-8136&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F0966813042000220476&rft.aulast=Joo&rft.aufirst=Hyung-Min&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1080%2F0966813042000220476&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFУдовенко" class="citation web cs1">Удовенко, Олександр. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyivhistorymuseum.org/en/museum-affiliates/museum-60-th/">"The Ukrainian Sixtiers Dissident Movement Museum"</a>. <i>Музей історії міста Києва</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-05-02</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%D0%9C%D1%83%D0%B7%D0%B5%D0%B9+%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D1%97+%D0%BC%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%9A%D0%B8%D1%94%D0%B2%D0%B0&rft.atitle=The+Ukrainian+Sixtiers+Dissident+Movement+Museum&rft.aulast=%D0%A3%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%BE&rft.aufirst=%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%80&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kyivhistorymuseum.org%2Fen%2Fmuseum-affiliates%2Fmuseum-60-th%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaren_DawishaBruce_Parrott1997" class="citation book cs1">Karen Dawisha; Bruce Parrott, eds. (1997). <i>Democratic changes and authoritarian reactions in Russia, Ukraine, Belarus, and Moldova</i>. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press. p. 337. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-59245-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-59245-3"><bdi>0-521-59245-3</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/36130689">36130689</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Democratic+changes+and+authoritarian+reactions+in+Russia%2C+Ukraine%2C+Belarus%2C+and+Moldova&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+U.K.&rft.pages=337&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F36130689&rft.isbn=0-521-59245-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHunczak2015" class="citation book cs1">Hunczak, Taras (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/930023769"><i>My Memoirs: Life's Journey through WWII and Various Historical Events of the 21st Century</i></a>. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 65. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7618-6699-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7618-6699-2"><bdi>978-0-7618-6699-2</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/930023769">930023769</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=My+Memoirs%3A+Life%27s+Journey+through+WWII+and+Various+Historical+Events+of+the+21st+Century&rft.pages=65&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2015&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F930023769&rft.isbn=978-0-7618-6699-2&rft.aulast=Hunczak&rft.aufirst=Taras&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Foclc%2F930023769&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.manchester.ac.uk/discover/news/the-history-and-evolution-of-ukrainian-national-identity--podcast/">"The history and evolution of Ukrainian national identity – podcast"</a>. <i>The history and evolution of Ukrainian national identity – podcast</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-06-19</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+history+and+evolution+of+Ukrainian+national+identity+%E2%80%93+podcast&rft.atitle=The+history+and+evolution+of+Ukrainian+national+identity+%E2%80%93+podcast&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.manchester.ac.uk%2Fdiscover%2Fnews%2Fthe-history-and-evolution-of-ukrainian-national-identity--podcast%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kuzio2022-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kuzio2022_50-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKuzio2022" class="citation book cs1">Kuzio, Taras (2022-01-26). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AbBTEAAAQBAJ"><i>Russian Nationalism and the Russian-Ukrainian War</i></a>. Routledge. p. 53. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-000-53408-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-000-53408-5"><bdi>978-1-000-53408-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Russian+Nationalism+and+the+Russian-Ukrainian+War&rft.pages=53&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2022-01-26&rft.isbn=978-1-000-53408-5&rft.aulast=Kuzio&rft.aufirst=Taras&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAbBTEAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBesters-Dilger2009" class="citation book cs1">Besters-Dilger, Juliane (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QeXZYdjB_H0C&dq=Odeshchyna&pg=PA196"><i>Language Policy and Language Situation in Ukraine: Analysis and Recommendations</i></a>. Peter Lang. p. 198. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-631-58389-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-631-58389-0"><bdi>978-3-631-58389-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Language+Policy+and+Language+Situation+in+Ukraine%3A+Analysis+and+Recommendations&rft.pages=198&rft.pub=Peter+Lang&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-3-631-58389-0&rft.aulast=Besters-Dilger&rft.aufirst=Juliane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQeXZYdjB_H0C%26dq%3DOdeshchyna%26pg%3DPA196&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KuzioPORvotersdontgoaway-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-KuzioPORvotersdontgoaway_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KuzioPORvotersdontgoaway_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://jamestown.org/program/eight-reasons-why-ukraines-party-of-regions-will-win-the-2012-elections/">"Eight Reasons Why Ukraine's Party of Regions Will Win the 2012 Elections"</a>. <i>Jamestown</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-08-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jamestown&rft.atitle=Eight+Reasons+Why+Ukraine%27s+Party+of+Regions+Will+Win+the+2012+Elections&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fjamestown.org%2Fprogram%2Feight-reasons-why-ukraines-party-of-regions-will-win-the-2012-elections%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span> by <a href="/wiki/Taras_Kuzio" title="Taras Kuzio">Taras Kuzio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oxford_Analytica" title="Oxford Analytica">Oxford Analytica</a> (5 October 2007)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-books.google.com-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-books.google.com_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2UoQ-ueHjdEC&dq=national+democrats+Our+Ukraine+Blocs+and+Bloc+Yulia+Tymoshenko&pg=PA1629"><i>Nations and Nationalism: A Global Historical Overview</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/ABC-CLIO" class="mw-redirect" title="ABC-CLIO">ABC-CLIO</a>. 2008. p. 1629. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1851099078" title="Special:BookSources/978-1851099078"><bdi>978-1851099078</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nations+and+Nationalism%3A+A+Global+Historical+Overview&rft.pages=1629&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1851099078&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2UoQ-ueHjdEC%26dq%3Dnational%2Bdemocrats%2BOur%2BUkraine%2BBlocs%2Band%2BBloc%2BYulia%2BTymoshenko%26pg%3DPA1629&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLushnyckyRiabchuk2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrej_Lushnycky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrej Lushnycky (page does not exist)">Lushnycky, Andrej</a>; <a href="/wiki/Mykola_Riabchuk" title="Mykola Riabchuk">Riabchuk, Mykola</a> (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=cQqr7f9QkngC&dq=national+democrats+Our+Ukraine+Blocs+and+Bloc+Yulia+Tymoshenko&pg=PA122"><i>Ukraine on its Meandering Path Between East and West</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Peter_Lang_(publishing_company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter Lang (publishing company)">Peter Lang</a>. p. 122. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3039116072" title="Special:BookSources/978-3039116072"><bdi>978-3039116072</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ukraine+on+its+Meandering+Path+Between+East+and+West&rft.pages=122&rft.pub=Peter+Lang&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-3039116072&rft.aulast=Lushnycky&rft.aufirst=Andrej&rft.au=Riabchuk%2C+Mykola&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DcQqr7f9QkngC%26dq%3Dnational%2Bdemocrats%2BOur%2BUkraine%2BBlocs%2Band%2BBloc%2BYulia%2BTymoshenko%26pg%3DPA122&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120304065306/http://www.nbuv.gov.ua/polit/election/1998.html">"Передвиборчі програми політичних партій і виборчих блоків"</a> [Pre-election programmes of political parties and electoral blocs] (in Ukrainian). <a href="/wiki/Vernadsky_National_Library_of_Ukraine" title="Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine">Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine</a>. p. 1998. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nbuv.gov.ua/polit/election/1998.html">the original</a> on 2012-03-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%87%D1%96+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8+%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B9+%D1%96+%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%96%D0%B2&rft.pages=1998&rft.pub=Vernadsky+National+Library+of+Ukraine&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbuv.gov.ua%2Fpolit%2Felection%2F1998.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140219063558/http://www.cvk.gov.ua/pls/vd2002/webproc12v?kodvib=1&pf7171=27">"Виборчий блок партій "Менше слів"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> [Electoral block of parties "Fewer words"]. Central Election Commission of Ukraine. 2013-10-09. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cvk.gov.ua/pls/vd2002/webproc12v?kodvib=1&pf7171=27">the original</a> on 2014-02-19.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA+%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B9+%22%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%B5+%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B2%22&rft.pub=Central+Election+Commission+of+Ukraine&rft.date=2013-10-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cvk.gov.ua%2Fpls%2Fvd2002%2Fwebproc12v%3Fkodvib%3D1%26pf7171%3D27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120213001856/http://www.cvk.gov.ua/pls/vd2002/WEBPROC8V?kodvib=1&kodpart=27">"Виборчий блок партій "Менше слів"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> [Electoral block of parties "Fewer words"] (in Ukrainian). <a href="/wiki/Central_Election_Commission_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Election Commission of Ukraine">Central Election Commission of Ukraine</a>. 2010-03-11. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cvk.gov.ua/pls/vd2002/WEBPROC8V?kodvib=1&kodpart=27">the original</a> on 2012-02-13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA+%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B9+%22%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%B5+%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%B2%22&rft.pub=Central+Election+Commission+of+Ukraine&rft.date=2010-03-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cvk.gov.ua%2Fpls%2Fvd2002%2FWEBPROC8V%3Fkodvib%3D1%26kodpart%3D27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DATASvob-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DATASvob_59-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DATASvob_59-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sd.net.ua/2009/08/30/vseukranske_obdnannja_svoboda.html">"Всеукраїнське об'єднання "Свобода"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> [All-Ukrainian Association "Freedom"] (in Ukrainian). ASD. 2009-01-31.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%83%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B5+%D0%BE%D0%B1%27%D1%94%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8F+%22%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%22&rft.pub=ASD&rft.date=2009-01-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsd.net.ua%2F2009%2F08%2F30%2Fvseukranske_obdnannja_svoboda.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UkrinformTyahnybok-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UkrinformTyahnybok_60-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160121222526/http://photo.ukrinform.ua/ukr/rubrics/photo.php?id=297562">"Олег Тягнибок"</a> [Oleg Tyahnybok]. <a href="/wiki/Ukrinform" title="Ukrinform">Ukrinform</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://photo.ukrinform.ua/ukr/rubrics/photo.php?id=297562">the original</a> on 2016-01-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B3+%D0%A2%D1%8F%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BA&rft.pub=Ukrinform&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fphoto.ukrinform.ua%2Fukr%2Frubrics%2Fphoto.php%3Fid%3D297562&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CESOlszańskiUKel12-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CESOlszańskiUKel12_61-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlszański2012" class="citation web cs1">Olszański, Tadeusz A. (2012-11-07). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130317180048/http://www.osw.waw.pl/en/publikacje/eastweek/2012-11-07/after-parliamentary-elections-ukraine-a-tough-victory-party-regions">"After the parliamentary elections in Ukraine: a tough victory for the Party of Regions"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Eastern_Studies" title="Centre for Eastern Studies">Centre for Eastern Studies</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osw.waw.pl/en/publikacje/eastweek/2012-11-07/after-parliamentary-elections-ukraine-a-tough-victory-party-regions">the original</a> on 2013-03-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=After+the+parliamentary+elections+in+Ukraine%3A+a+tough+victory+for+the+Party+of+Regions&rft.pub=Centre+for+Eastern+Studies&rft.date=2012-11-07&rft.aulast=Olsza%C5%84ski&rft.aufirst=Tadeusz+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.osw.waw.pl%2Fen%2Fpublikacje%2Feastweek%2F2012-11-07%2Fafter-parliamentary-elections-ukraine-a-tough-victory-party-regions&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shekhovtsov-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Shekhovtsov_62-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shekhovtsov_62-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shekhovtsov_62-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shekhovtsov_62-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shekhovtsov_62-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shekhovtsov_62-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShekhovtsov2011" class="citation journal cs1">Shekhovtsov, Anton (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09668136.2011.547696">"The Creeping Resurgence of the Ukrainian Radical Right? The Case of the Freedom Party"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Europe-Asia_Studies" title="Europe-Asia Studies">Europe-Asia Studies</a></i>. <b>63</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">203–</span>228. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F09668136.2011.547696">10.1080/09668136.2011.547696</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Europe-Asia+Studies&rft.atitle=The+Creeping+Resurgence+of+the+Ukrainian+Radical+Right%3F+The+Case+of+the+Freedom+Party&rft.volume=63&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E203-%3C%2Fspan%3E228&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F09668136.2011.547696&rft.aulast=Shekhovtsov&rft.aufirst=Anton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Fabs%2F10.1080%2F09668136.2011.547696&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlgemeiner" class="citation web cs1">Algemeiner, The. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.algemeiner.com/2013/05/24/svoboda-fuels-ukraines-growing-anti-semitism/">"Svoboda Fuels Ukraine's Growing Anti-Semitism"</a>. <i>Algemeiner.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-08-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Algemeiner.com&rft.atitle=Svoboda+Fuels+Ukraine%27s+Growing+Anti-Semitism&rft.aulast=Algemeiner&rft.aufirst=The&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.algemeiner.com%2F2013%2F05%2F24%2Fsvoboda-fuels-ukraines-growing-anti-semitism%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKatchanovski2014" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivan_Katchanovski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ivan Katchanovski (page does not exist)">Katchanovski, Ivan</a> (2014-03-04). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/6327298">"Interview with Reuters Concerning Svoboda, the OUN-B, and other Far Right Organizations in Ukraine"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Academia.edu" title="Academia.edu">Academia.edu</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Academia.edu&rft.atitle=Interview+with+Reuters+Concerning+Svoboda%2C+the+OUN-B%2C+and+other+Far+Right+Organizations+in+Ukraine&rft.date=2014-03-04&rft.aulast=Katchanovski&rft.aufirst=Ivan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F6327298&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mot20ma-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mot20ma_65-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMotyl2014" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-unfit">Motyl, Alexander J. (21 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140322030302/http://www.worldaffairsjournal.org/blog/alexander-j-motyl/experts-ukraine">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'Experts' on Ukraine"</a>. <i>World Affairs Journal</i>. Archived from the original on March 22, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=World+Affairs+Journal&rft.atitle=%27Experts%27+on+Ukraine&rft.date=2014-03-21&rft.aulast=Motyl&rft.aufirst=Alexander+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldaffairsjournal.org%2Fblog%2Falexander-j-motyl%2Fexperts-ukraine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-kpsvobodabandera-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-kpsvobodabandera_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller2014" class="citation news cs1">Miller, Christopher (17 January 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyivpost.com/content/politics/svobodas-rise-inspires-some-frightens-many-others-335107.html">"Svoboda's rise inspires some, frightens many others"</a>. <i>Kyiv Post</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kyiv+Post&rft.atitle=Svoboda%27s+rise+inspires+some%2C+frightens+many+others&rft.date=2014-01-17&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kyivpost.com%2Fcontent%2Fpolitics%2Fsvobodas-rise-inspires-some-frightens-many-others-335107.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ruldig-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ruldig_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRudling2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Per_Anders_Rudling" title="Per Anders Rudling">Rudling, Per Anders</a> (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/2481420">"12:The Return of the Ukrainian Far Right The Case of VO Svoboda"</a>. In Ruth Wodak; John E. Richardson; Michelle Lazar (eds.). <i>Analysing Fascist Discourse European Fascism in Talk and Text</i>. New York: Routledge. pp. <span class="nowrap">229–</span>230<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=12%3AThe+Return+of+the+Ukrainian+Far+Right+The+Case+of+VO+Svoboda&rft.btitle=Analysing+Fascist+Discourse+European+Fascism+in+Talk+and+Text&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E229-%3C%2Fspan%3E230&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Rudling&rft.aufirst=Per+Anders&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F2481420&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRudling2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Per_Anders_Rudling" title="Per Anders Rudling">Rudling, Per Anders</a> (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/2481420">"12:The Return of the Ukrainian Far Right The Case of VO Svoboda"</a>. In Ruth Wodak; John E. Richardson; Michelle Lazar (eds.). <i>Analysing Fascist Discourse European Fascism in Talk and Text</i>. New York: Routledge. p. 235<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=12%3AThe+Return+of+the+Ukrainian+Far+Right+The+Case+of+VO+Svoboda&rft.btitle=Analysing+Fascist+Discourse+European+Fascism+in+Talk+and+Text&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=235&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Rudling&rft.aufirst=Per+Anders&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F2481420&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRudling2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Per_Anders_Rudling" title="Per Anders Rudling">Rudling, Per Anders</a> (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/2481420">"12:The Return of the Ukrainian Far Right The Case of VO Svoboda"</a>. In Ruth Wodak; John E. Richardson; Michelle Lazar (eds.). <i>Analysing Fascist Discourse European Fascism in Talk and Text</i>. New York: Routledge. p. 240<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=12%3AThe+Return+of+the+Ukrainian+Far+Right+The+Case+of+VO+Svoboda&rft.btitle=Analysing+Fascist+Discourse+European+Fascism+in+Talk+and+Text&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=240&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Rudling&rft.aufirst=Per+Anders&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F2481420&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100302233729/http://uk.news.yahoo.com/18/20100225/tpl-new-ukraine-president-pledges-neutra-ee974b3.html">"New Ukraine president pledges neutrality"</a>. Yahoo! UK. 2010-02-24. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://uk.news.yahoo.com/18/20100225/tpl-new-ukraine-president-pledges-neutra-ee974b3.html">the original</a> on 2 March 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+Ukraine+president+pledges+neutrality&rft.pub=Yahoo%21+UK&rft.date=2010-02-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuk.news.yahoo.com%2F18%2F20100225%2Ftpl-new-ukraine-president-pledges-neutra-ee974b3.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRudling2013" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Per_Anders_Rudling" title="Per Anders Rudling">Rudling, Per Anders</a> (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.academia.edu/2481420">"12:The Return of the Ukrainian Far Right The Case of VO Svoboda"</a>. In Ruth Wodak; John E. Richardson; Michelle Lazar (eds.). <i>Analysing Fascist Discourse European Fascism in Talk and Text</i>. New York: Routledge. p. 247<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=12%3AThe+Return+of+the+Ukrainian+Far+Right+The+Case+of+VO+Svoboda&rft.btitle=Analysing+Fascist+Discourse+European+Fascism+in+Talk+and+Text&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=247&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Rudling&rft.aufirst=Per+Anders&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.academia.edu%2F2481420&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SvobodawonthankstoYanu-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SvobodawonthankstoYanu_72-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110813031529/http://www.osw.waw.pl/en/publikacje/eastweek/2010-11-04/local-government-elections-ukraine-last-stage-party-regions-takeover-">"Local government elections in Ukraine: last stage in the Party of Regions' takeover of power"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Centre_for_Eastern_Studies" title="Centre for Eastern Studies">Centre for Eastern Studies</a>. 2010-10-04. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.osw.waw.pl/en/publikacje/eastweek/2010-11-04/local-government-elections-ukraine-last-stage-party-regions-takeover-">the original</a> on 2011-08-13.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Local+government+elections+in+Ukraine%3A+last+stage+in+the+Party+of+Regions%27+takeover+of+power&rft.pub=Centre+for+Eastern+Studies&rft.date=2010-10-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.osw.waw.pl%2Fen%2Fpublikacje%2Feastweek%2F2010-11-04%2Flocal-government-elections-ukraine-last-stage-party-regions-takeover-&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BBC261212-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BBC261212_73-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStern2012" class="citation web cs1">Stern, David (2012-12-26). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-20824693">"Svoboda: The rise of Ukraine's ultra-nationalists"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Svoboda%3A+The+rise+of+Ukraine%27s+ultra-nationalists&rft.pub=BBC+News&rft.date=2012-12-26&rft.aulast=Stern&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fmagazine-20824693&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTSVOB8112012-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NYTSVOB8112012_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerszenhorn2012" class="citation web cs1">Herszenhorn, David M. (2012-11-08). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2012/11/09/world/europe/ukraines-ultranationalists-do-well-in-elections.html?pagewanted=all">"Ukraine's Ultranationalists Show Surprising Strength at Polls"</a>. <i>New York Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Ukraine%27s+Ultranationalists+Show+Surprising+Strength+at+Polls&rft.date=2012-11-08&rft.aulast=Herszenhorn&rft.aufirst=David+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2012%2F11%2F09%2Fworld%2Feurope%2Fukraines-ultranationalists-do-well-in-elections.html%3Fpagewanted%3Dall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121030190210/http://www.cvk.gov.ua/vnd2012/wp300pt001f01=900.html">"Вибори народних депутатів України 28 жовтня 2012 року"</a> [Elections of People's Deputies of Ukraine on October 28, 2012] (in Ukrainian). <a href="/wiki/Central_Electoral_Commission_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Electoral Commission of Ukraine">Central Electoral Commission of Ukraine</a>. 2012-10-30. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cvk.gov.ua/vnd2012/wp300pt001f01=900.html">the original</a> on 2012-10-30.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B2+%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%97%D0%BD%D0%B8+28+%D0%B6%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8F+2012+%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%83&rft.pub=Central+Electoral+Commission+of+Ukraine&rft.date=2012-10-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cvk.gov.ua%2Fvnd2012%2Fwp300pt001f01%3D900.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-UDARBSfriends-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-UDARBSfriends_76-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/yatseniuk-batkivschyna-udar-svoboda-to-create-opposition-council-to-coordinate-activity-in-rada-317760.html">"Batkivschyna, UDAR, Svoboda to create opposition council to coordinate activity in Rada"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Post" title="Kyiv Post">Kyiv Post</a>. 2012-12-17. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121218005110/http://www.kyivpost.com/content/ukraine/yatseniuk-batkivschyna-udar-svoboda-to-create-opposition-council-to-coordinate-activity-in-rada-317760.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2012-12-18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Batkivschyna%2C+UDAR%2C+Svoboda+to+create+opposition+council+to+coordinate+activity+in+Rada&rft.pub=Kyiv+Post&rft.date=2012-12-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kyivpost.com%2Fcontent%2Fukraine%2Fyatseniuk-batkivschyna-udar-svoboda-to-create-opposition-council-to-coordinate-activity-in-rada-317760.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130525084314/http://www.interfax.co.uk/ukraine-news/batkivschyna-udar-svoboda-to-coordinate-their-actions-at-presidential-election-2/">"Batkivschyna, UDAR, Svoboda to coordinate their actions at presidential election"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Interfax-Ukraine" title="Interfax-Ukraine">Interfax-Ukraine</a>. 2013-05-16. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.interfax.co.uk/ukraine-news/batkivschyna-udar-svoboda-to-coordinate-their-actions-at-presidential-election-2/">the original</a> on 2013-05-25.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Batkivschyna%2C+UDAR%2C+Svoboda+to+coordinate+their+actions+at+presidential+election&rft.pub=Interfax-Ukraine&rft.date=2013-05-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.interfax.co.uk%2Fukraine-news%2Fbatkivschyna-udar-svoboda-to-coordinate-their-actions-at-presidential-election-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Balduk-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Balduk_78-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Balduk_78-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Balduk_78-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Balduk_78-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Balduk_78-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Balduk_78-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Balduk_78-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Balduk_78-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Balduk_78-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChiem_Balduk2022" class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Chiem Balduk (1 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nos.nl/collectie/13888/artikel/2419329-waarom-poetin-oekrainers-neonazi-s-in-een-gecreeerd-land-noemt">"Waarom Poetin Oekraïners 'neonazi's in een gecreëerd land' noemt"</a>. <i>NOS</i> (in Dutch)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=NOS&rft.atitle=Waarom+Poetin+Oekra%C3%AFners+%27neonazi%27s+in+een+gecre%C3%ABerd+land%27+noemt&rft.date=2022-03-01&rft.au=Chiem+Balduk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnos.nl%2Fcollectie%2F13888%2Fartikel%2F2419329-waarom-poetin-oekrainers-neonazi-s-in-een-gecreeerd-land-noemt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc.com-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bbc.com_79-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-28329329">"Ukraine conflict: 'White power' warrior from Sweden"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 2014-07-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-08-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Ukraine+conflict%3A+%27White+power%27+warrior+from+Sweden&rft.date=2014-07-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-28329329&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-telegraph.co.uk-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-telegraph.co.uk_80-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-telegraph.co.uk_80-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/ukraine/11025137/Ukraine-crisis-the-neo-Nazi-brigade-fighting-pro-Russian-separatists.html">"Ukraine crisis: the neo-Nazi brigade fighting pro-Russian separatists"</a>. <i>www.telegraph.co.uk</i>. 11 August 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-08-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.telegraph.co.uk&rft.atitle=Ukraine+crisis%3A+the+neo-Nazi+brigade+fighting+pro-Russian+separatists&rft.date=2014-08-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fworldnews%2Feurope%2Fukraine%2F11025137%2FUkraine-crisis-the-neo-Nazi-brigade-fighting-pro-Russian-separatists.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bloomberg-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bloomberg_81-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bloomberg_81-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2015-06-12/ukraine-s-neo-nazis-won-t-get-u-s-money">"Ukraine's Neo-Nazis Won't Get U.S. Money"</a>. <i>Bloomberg.com</i>. 2015-06-12<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-08-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg.com&rft.atitle=Ukraine%27s+Neo-Nazis+Won%27t+Get+U.S.+Money&rft.date=2015-06-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberg.com%2Fopinion%2Farticles%2F2015-06-12%2Fukraine-s-neo-nazis-won-t-get-u-s-money&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalker2014" class="citation web cs1">Walker, Shaun (2014-09-10). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2014/sep/10/azov-far-right-fighters-ukraine-neo-nazis">"Azov fighters are Ukraine's greatest weapon and may be its greatest threat"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Azov+fighters+are+Ukraine%27s+greatest+weapon+and+may+be+its+greatest+threat&rft.date=2014-09-10&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Shaun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2014%2Fsep%2F10%2Fazov-far-right-fighters-ukraine-neo-nazis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/ukraine-crisis/german-tv-shows-nazi-symbols-helmets-ukraine-soldiers-n198961">"German TV Shows Nazi Symbols on Helmets of Ukraine Soldiers"</a>. <a href="/wiki/NBC_News" title="NBC News">NBC News</a>. 2014-09-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=German+TV+Shows+Nazi+Symbols+on+Helmets+of+Ukraine+Soldiers&rft.pub=NBC+News&rft.date=2014-09-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nbcnews.com%2Fstoryline%2Fukraine-crisis%2Fgerman-tv-shows-nazi-symbols-helmets-ukraine-soldiers-n198961&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-26468720">"Ukraine's revolution and the far right"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 2014-03-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-08-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Ukraine%27s+revolution+and+the+far+right&rft.date=2014-03-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-26468720&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOffice_of_the_Spokesperson2014" class="citation web cs1">Office of the Spokesperson (5 March 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2014/03/222988.htm">"President Putin's Fiction: 10 False Claims About Ukraine"</a>. <i>Fact sheet</i>. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of State<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 March</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fact+sheet&rft.atitle=President+Putin%27s+Fiction%3A+10+False+Claims+About+Ukraine&rft.date=2014-03-05&rft.au=Office+of+the+Spokesperson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F2009-2017.state.gov%2Fr%2Fpa%2Fprs%2Fps%2F2014%2F03%2F222988.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141110220835/http://utr.tv/eng/news-from-www-ukrinform-ua/327072-poroshenko_bloc_to_have_greatest_number_of_seats_in_parliament_327072.html">"Poroshenko Bloc to have greatest number of seats in parliament"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Television_and_Radio" title="Ukrainian Television and Radio">Ukrainian Television and Radio</a>. 2014-11-08. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://utr.tv/eng/news-from-www-ukrinform-ua/327072-poroshenko_bloc_to_have_greatest_number_of_seats_in_parliament_327072.html">the original</a> on 10 November 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Poroshenko+Bloc+to+have+greatest+number+of+seats+in+parliament&rft.pub=Ukrainian+Television+and+Radio&rft.date=2014-11-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Futr.tv%2Feng%2Fnews-from-www-ukrinform-ua%2F327072-poroshenko_bloc_to_have_greatest_number_of_seats_in_parliament_327072.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/233404.html">"People's Front 0.33% ahead of Poroshenko Bloc with all ballots counted in Ukraine elections – CEC"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Interfax-Ukraine" title="Interfax-Ukraine">Interfax-Ukraine</a>. 2014-11-08.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=People%27s+Front+0.33%25+ahead+of+Poroshenko+Bloc+with+all+ballots+counted+in+Ukraine+elections+%E2%80%93+CEC&rft.pub=Interfax-Ukraine&rft.date=2014-11-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.interfax.com.ua%2Fnews%2Fgeneral%2F233404.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/233426.html">"Poroshenko Bloc to get 132 seats in parliament – CEC"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Interfax-Ukraine" title="Interfax-Ukraine">Interfax-Ukraine</a>. 2014-11-08.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Poroshenko+Bloc+to+get+132+seats+in+parliament+%E2%80%93+CEC&rft.pub=Interfax-Ukraine&rft.date=2014-11-08&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.interfax.com.ua%2Fnews%2Fgeneral%2F233426.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nrcu.gov.ua56663-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nrcu.gov.ua56663_89-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nrcu.gov.ua56663_89-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140529212731/http://www.nrcu.gov.ua/en/148/566632/">"Poroshenko wins presidential election with 54.7% of vote – CEC"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Radio_Ukraine_International" title="Radio Ukraine International">Radio Ukraine International</a>. 29 May 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nrcu.gov.ua/en/148/566632/">the original</a> on 29 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Poroshenko+wins+presidential+election+with+54.7%25+of+vote+%E2%80%93+CEC&rft.pub=Radio+Ukraine+International&rft.date=2014-05-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrcu.gov.ua%2Fen%2F148%2F566632%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span><br /><span class="languageicon">(in Russian)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://telegraf.com.ua/ukraina/politika/1300294-rezultatyi-vyiborov-prezidenta-ukrainyi-2014-tsik-obrabotala-51-99.html">Results election of Ukrainian president</a>, Телеграф (29 May 2014)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141223004531/http://vibori2014.rbc.ua/ukr/okrug/dnepropetrovskaya-oblast/odnomandatny-39"><bdi lang="ru">Кандидати на мажоритарних округах – Одномандатный избирательный округ № 39</bdi></a> [Candidates in majority districts – Single-mandate constituency № 39] (in Russian). <a href="/wiki/RBC_Information_Systems" class="mw-redirect" title="RBC Information Systems">RBK Ukraine</a>. 26 October 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vibori2014.rbc.ua/ukr/okrug/dnepropetrovskaya-oblast/odnomandatny-39">the original</a> on 23 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%85+%E2%80%93+%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3+%E2%84%96+39&rft.date=2014-10-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvibori2014.rbc.ua%2Fukr%2Fokrug%2Fdnepropetrovskaya-oblast%2Fodnomandatny-39&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span><br /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141029091159/http://www.cvk.gov.ua/pls/vnd2014/wp039ept001f01=910.html">"Extraordinary parliamentary election on 26.10.2014: Data on vote counting at precincts within single-mandate districts"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Central_Election_Commission_of_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Election Commission of Ukraine">Central Election Commission of Ukraine</a></i>. 29 October 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cvk.gov.ua/pls/vnd2014/wp039ept001f01=910.html">the original</a> on 29 October 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Central+Election+Commission+of+Ukraine&rft.atitle=Extraordinary+parliamentary+election+on+26.10.2014%3A+Data+on+vote+counting+at+precincts+within+single-mandate+districts&rft.date=2014-10-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cvk.gov.ua%2Fpls%2Fvnd2014%2Fwp039ept001f01%3D910.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141209222458/http://vibori2014.rbc.ua/ukr/okrug/volynskaya-oblast/odnomandatny-213"><bdi lang="uk">Кандидати на мажоритарних округах: Одномандатный избирательный округ № 213</bdi></a> [Candidates for single-mandate constituencies: single-mandate constituency № 213] (in Ukrainian). RBK Ukraine. 25 October 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vibori2014.rbc.ua/ukr/okrug/volynskaya-oblast/odnomandatny-213">the original</a> on 9 December 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%85+%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%85%3A+%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B1%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9+%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3+%E2%84%96+213&rft.pub=RBK+Ukraine&rft.date=2014-10-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvibori2014.rbc.ua%2Fukr%2Fokrug%2Fvolynskaya-oblast%2Fodnomandatny-213&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span>, <a href="/wiki/RBK_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="RBK Ukraine">RBK Ukraine</a><br /><span class="languageicon">(in Ukrainian)</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vibori2014.rbc.ua/ukr/person/bereza-borislav-efimovich">Boryslav Bereza very short bio</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141209223157/http://vibori2014.rbc.ua/ukr/person/bereza-borislav-efimovich">Archived</a> 2014-12-09 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/RBK_Ukraine" class="mw-redirect" title="RBK Ukraine">RBK Ukraine</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kyivpost.com/content/kyiv-post-plus/video-of-first-brawl-in-verkhovna-rada-becomes-a-youtube-hit-374217.html">Video of first brawl in Verkhovna Rada becomes a YouTube hit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kyiv_Post" title="Kyiv Post">Kyiv Post</a> (5 December 2014)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGupta2022" class="citation web cs1">Gupta, Sujata (2022-04-12). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sciencenews.org/article/ukraine-identity-nationalism-independence-putin-russia">"Ukrainian identity solidified for 30 years. Putin ignored the science"</a>. <i>Science News</i>. Society for Science & the Public<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-06-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Science+News&rft.atitle=Ukrainian+identity+solidified+for+30+years.+Putin+ignored+the+science&rft.date=2022-04-12&rft.aulast=Gupta&rft.aufirst=Sujata&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sciencenews.org%2Farticle%2Fukraine-identity-nationalism-independence-putin-russia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller2018" class="citation news cs1">Miller, Christopher (14 June 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rferl.org/a/ukrainian-militia-behind-brutal-romany-attacks-getting-state-funds/29290844.html">"Ukrainian Militia Behind Brutal Romany Attacks Getting State Funds"</a>. <i>Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-08-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radio+Free+Europe%2FRadio+Liberty&rft.atitle=Ukrainian+Militia+Behind+Brutal+Romany+Attacks+Getting+State+Funds&rft.date=2018-06-14&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rferl.org%2Fa%2Fukrainian-militia-behind-brutal-romany-attacks-getting-state-funds%2F29290844.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-44593995">"Ukraine Roma camp attack leaves one dead"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 2018-06-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-08-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Ukraine+Roma+camp+attack+leaves+one+dead&rft.date=2018-06-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-europe-44593995&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2018/11/19/7198643/">"Націоналісти визначились з кандидатом у президенти"</a> [The nationalists have been identified with a presidential candidate] (in Ukrainian). <a href="/wiki/Ukrayinska_Pravda" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrayinska Pravda">Ukrayinska Pravda</a>. 2018-11-19.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8+%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C+%D0%B7+%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BC+%D1%83+%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8&rft.pub=Ukrayinska+Pravda&rft.date=2018-11-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pravda.com.ua%2Fnews%2F2018%2F11%2F19%2F7198643%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaring2019" class="citation web cs1">Haring, Melinda (2019-04-04). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/ukrainealert/zelenskiy-wins-first-round-but-that-s-not-the-surprise/">"Zelenskiy wins first round but that's not the surprise"</a>. <i>Atlantic Council</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-08-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Atlantic+Council&rft.atitle=Zelenskiy+wins+first+round+but+that%27s+not+the+surprise&rft.date=2019-04-04&rft.aulast=Haring&rft.aufirst=Melinda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.atlanticcouncil.org%2Fblogs%2Fukrainealert%2Fzelenskiy-wins-first-round-but-that-s-not-the-surprise%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2748306ukrinform.net-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2748306ukrinform.net_97-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2748306ukrinform.net_97-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2748306ukrinform.net_97-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ukrinform.net/rubric-elections/2748306-cec-counts-100-percent-of-vote-in-ukraines-parliamentary-elections.html">"CEC counts 100 percent of vote in Ukraine's parliamentary elections"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ukrinform" title="Ukrinform">Ukrinform</a>. 2019-07-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=CEC+counts+100+percent+of+vote+in+Ukraine%27s+parliamentary+elections&rft.pub=Ukrinform&rft.date=2019-07-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ukrinform.net%2Frubric-elections%2F2748306-cec-counts-100-percent-of-vote-in-ukraines-parliamentary-elections.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://glavcom.ua/country/politics/yarosh-tyagnibok-bileckiy-taki-sformuvali-jediniy-spisok-na-vibori-600508.html">"Ярош, Тягнибок та Білецький таки сформували єдиний список на вибори"</a> [Yarosh, Tyagnibok and Biletsky have all formed a single list for the elections] (in Ukrainian). <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glavcom&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glavcom (page does not exist)">Glavcom</a>. 2019-06-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%AF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%88%2C+%D0%A2%D1%8F%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BA+%D1%82%D0%B0+%D0%91%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8+%D1%81%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8+%D1%94%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9+%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA+%D0%BD%D0%B0+%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8&rft.pub=Glavcom&rft.date=2019-06-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglavcom.ua%2Fcountry%2Fpolitics%2Fyarosh-tyagnibok-bileckiy-taki-sformuvali-jediniy-spisok-na-vibori-600508.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pravda.com.ua/rus/articles/2019/07/21/7221526/">"Результаты внеочередных выборов народных депутатов Украины 2019"</a> [Results of the extraordinary elections of the People's Deputies of Ukraine 2019] (in Russian). <a href="/wiki/Ukrayinska_Pravda" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrayinska Pravda">Ukrayinska Pravda</a>. 2019-07-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%D0%A0%D0%B5%D0%B7%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B+%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D1%85+%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%83%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2+%D0%A3%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B+2019&rft.pub=Ukrayinska+Pravda&rft.date=2019-07-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pravda.com.ua%2Frus%2Farticles%2F2019%2F07%2F21%2F7221526%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.interfax.com.ua/news/general/596988.html">"Ukrainization should be 'quite mild' – Zelensky's envoy to Verkhovna Rada"</a>. <i>Interfax-Ukraine</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-08-15</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Interfax-Ukraine&rft.atitle=Ukrainization+should+be+%27quite+mild%27+%E2%80%93+Zelensky%27s+envoy+to+Verkhovna+Rada&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.interfax.com.ua%2Fnews%2Fgeneral%2F596988.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalker2022" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-location-test">Walker, Shaun (2022-06-04). Written at Kharkiv, Ukraine. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jun/04/enemy-tongue-eastern-ukrainians-reject-their-russian-birth-language">"Enemy tongue: eastern Ukrainians reject their Russian birth language"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i>. London<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-06-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Enemy+tongue%3A+eastern+Ukrainians+reject+their+Russian+birth+language&rft.date=2022-06-04&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=Shaun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fworld%2F2022%2Fjun%2F04%2Fenemy-tongue-eastern-ukrainians-reject-their-russian-birth-language&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOnuch2022" class="citation journal cs1">Onuch, Olga (2022-09-26). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fnana.12883">"European Ukrainians and their fight against Russian invasion"</a>. <i>Nations and Nationalism</i>. <b>29</b>: <span class="nowrap">53–</span>62. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fnana.12883">10.1111/nana.12883</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1354-5078">1354-5078</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:252583979">252583979</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nations+and+Nationalism&rft.atitle=European+Ukrainians+and+their+fight+against+Russian+invasion&rft.volume=29&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E53-%3C%2Fspan%3E62&rft.date=2022-09-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A252583979%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1354-5078&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fnana.12883&rft.aulast=Onuch&rft.aufirst=Olga&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1111%252Fnana.12883&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2022915MansurMirovalev-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-2022915MansurMirovalev_103-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-2022915MansurMirovalev_103-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMansur_Mirovalev2022" class="citation web cs1">Mansur Mirovalev (15 September 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/9/15/how-ukrainians-de-russify-themselves-2">"How Ukrainians 'de-Russify' themselves"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera English</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera+English&rft.atitle=How+Ukrainians+%27de-Russify%27+themselves&rft.date=2022-09-15&rft.au=Mansur+Mirovalev&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2022%2F9%2F15%2Fhow-ukrainians-de-russify-themselves-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DniproSBS7368431UN-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-DniproSBS7368431UN_104-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-DniproSBS7368431UN_104-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pravda.com.ua/news/2022/09/21/7368431/">"In the center of Dnipro, the street of Stepan Bandera appeared - the mayor"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Ukrayinska_Pravda" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrayinska Pravda">Ukrayinska Pravda</a></i> (in Ukrainian). 21 September 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ukrayinska+Pravda&rft.atitle=In+the+center+of+Dnipro%2C+the+street+of+Stepan+Bandera+appeared+-+the+mayor&rft.date=2022-09-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pravda.com.ua%2Fnews%2F2022%2F09%2F21%2F7368431%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFL.M._Markova" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">L.M. Markova. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gorod.dp.ua/history/article_ua.php?article=98">"About the renaming of streets in the city of Katerynoslava - Dnipropetrovsk in the 1920s and 1930s"</a>. <i>gorod.dp.ua</i> (in Ukrainian)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=gorod.dp.ua&rft.atitle=About+the+renaming+of+streets+in+the+city+of+Katerynoslava+-+Dnipropetrovsk+in+the+1920s+and+1930s&rft.au=L.M.+Markova&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgorod.dp.ua%2Fhistory%2Farticle_ua.php%3Farticle%3D98&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20220412Pushkinfall-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20220412Pushkinfall_106-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_L._Stern,_Robert_Klemko_and_Robyn_Dixon2022" class="citation news cs1">David L. Stern, Robert Klemko and Robyn Dixon (12 April 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/04/12/ukrainians-abandon-russian-language/">"War impels many in Ukraine to abandon Russian language and culture"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 October</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=War+impels+many+in+Ukraine+to+abandon+Russian+language+and+culture&rft.date=2022-04-12&rft.au=David+L.+Stern%2C+Robert+Klemko+and+Robyn+Dixon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2F2022%2F04%2F12%2Fukrainians-abandon-russian-language%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kleiner,_Israel_2000-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kleiner,_Israel_2000_107-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kleiner,_Israel_2000_107-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKleĭnerKleiner2000" class="citation book cs1">Kleĭner, Izraïlʹ; Kleiner, Israel (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GSBpAAAAMAAJ"><i>From Nationalism to Universalism: Vladimir (Ze'ev) Zhabotinsky and the Ukrainian Question</i></a>. Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-895571-25-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-895571-25-7"><bdi>978-1-895571-25-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Nationalism+to+Universalism%3A+Vladimir+%28Ze%27ev%29+Zhabotinsky+and+the+Ukrainian+Question&rft.pub=Canadian+Institute+of+Ukrainian+Studies+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-1-895571-25-7&rft.aulast=Kle%C4%ADner&rft.aufirst=Izra%C3%AFl%CA%B9&rft.au=Kleiner%2C+Israel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGSBpAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUkrainian+nationalism" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ukrainian_nationalism&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"In the late 1920s and early 1930s, as a new Polish government sought reconciliation with its five million Ukrainian citizens, Ukrainian nationalists acted decisively to prevent any compromise settlement. <a href="/wiki/Stepan_Bandera" title="Stepan Bandera">Bandera</a> was one of the main organizers of terror campaigns intended to prevent Ukrainians from accepting the Polish government by provoking Polish retaliation."<sup id="cite_ref-Snyder3_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Snyder3-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In the 1998 parliamentary election, the radical-nationalist bloc of parties (<a href="/wiki/All-Ukrainian_Political_Movement_%22State_Independence_of_Ukraine%22" title="All-Ukrainian Political Movement "State Independence of Ukraine"">All-Ukrainian Political Movement "State Independence of Ukraine"</a> and <a href="/wiki/Social-National_Party_of_Ukraine" title="Social-National Party of Ukraine">Social-National Party of Ukraine</a>) called Less Words (<a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_language" title="Ukrainian language">Ukrainian</a>: <span lang="uk">Менше слів</span>) collected 0.16% of the national vote but <a href="/wiki/Oleh_Tyahnybok" title="Oleh Tyahnybok">Oleh Tyahnybok</a> was voted into Parliament from the bloc only.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ukrainian_nationalism&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bibliography_of_Ukrainian_history" title="Bibliography of Ukrainian history">Bibliography of Ukrainian history</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_F._Tsvirkun&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alexander F. Tsvirkun (page does not exist)">Alexander F. Tsvirkun</a> History of political and legal Teachings of Ukraine, Kharkiv, 2008.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Alexander_Armstrong" title="John Alexander Armstrong">John Alexander Armstrong</a>, "Ukrainian Nationalism 1939-1945", <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University_Press" title="Columbia University Press">Columbia University Press</a>, 1963, <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/item/62018367">62-18367</a>.</li> <li>Alexander J. Motyl, "The turn to the right : the ideological origins and development of Ukrainian nationalism, 1919–1929", Published: Boulder, [Colo. : East European quarterly]; New York : distributed by <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University_Press" title="Columbia University Press">Columbia University Press</a>, 1980, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-914710-58-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-914710-58-3">0-914710-58-3</a>.</li> <li>Kenneth C. Farmer, "Ukrainian nationalism in the post-Stalin era : myth, symbols, and ideology in Soviet nationalities policy", Kluwer Boston, 1980, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-247-2401-5" title="Special:BookSources/90-247-2401-5">90-247-2401-5</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Wilson_(historian)" title="Andrew Wilson (historian)">Andrew Wilson</a>, "Ukrainian Nationalism in the 1990s: A Minority Faith", <a href="/wiki/Cambridge_University_Press" title="Cambridge University Press">Cambridge University Press</a>, 1996, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-57457-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-57457-9">0-521-57457-9</a>.</li> <li>Ernst B. Haas, "Nationalism, Liberalism, and Progress", <a href="/wiki/Cornell_University_Press" title="Cornell University Press">Cornell University Press</a>, 1997, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8014-3108-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8014-3108-5">0-8014-3108-5</a>, Chapter seven: Russia and Ukraine, pp. 324–410.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_Grigor_Suny" title="Ronald Grigor Suny">Ronald Grigor Suny</a>, Revenge of the Past: Nationalism, Revolution, and the Collapse of the Soviet Union", <a href="/wiki/Stanford_University_Press" title="Stanford University Press">Stanford University Press</a>, 1993, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8047-2247-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8047-2247-1">0-8047-2247-1</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Robert_Magocsi" title="Paul Robert Magocsi">Paul Robert Magocsi</a>, "The Roots of Ukrainian Nationalism: Galicia As Ukraine's Piedmont", <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto_Press" title="University of Toronto Press">University of Toronto Press</a>, 2002, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8020-4738-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8020-4738-6">0-8020-4738-6</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen,_Velychenko&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stephen, Velychenko (page does not exist)">Stephen, Velychenko</a>, "Putin Preludes. Secret Russian Police Reports on the Ukrainian National Movement," <<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.historians.in.ua/index.php/en/doslidzhennya/2906-stephen-velychenko-putin-preludes-secret-russian-police-reports-on-the-ukrainian-national-movement">Stephen Velychenko. PUTIN PRELUDES. Secret Russian Police Reports on the Ukrainian National Movement</a>>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Wilson_(historian)" title="Andrew Wilson (historian)">Andrew Wilson</a>, "The Ukrainians: Unexpected Nation", <a href="/wiki/Yale_University_Press" title="Yale University Press">Yale University Press</a>, 2002, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-300-09309-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-300-09309-8">0-300-09309-8</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ukrainian_nationalism&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://maysterni.com/publication.php?id=91342">Ukrainian Patriot's Credo</a>, a poem by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Basil_Bucolic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Basil Bucolic (page does not exist)">Basil Bucolic</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ar25.org/node/20897">Oleksandr Palchenko. Ukrainian nation and Ukrainian people. First Social Agreement.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.istpravda.com.ua/artefacts/4da1f2bc6fd38/">"Bourgeois nationalists": as they were depicted by the Soviet propaganda</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ukrayinska_Pravda" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrayinska Pravda">Ukrayinska Pravda</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ethnic_nationalism315" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Ethnic_nationalism" title="Template:Ethnic nationalism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Ethnic_nationalism" title="Template talk:Ethnic nationalism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic_nationalism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Ethnic nationalism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ethnic_nationalism315" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_nationalism" title="Ethnic nationalism">Ethnic nationalism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nationalisms<br />in</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_nationalism" title="Arab nationalism">Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berberism" title="Berberism">Berber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_nationalism" title="Coptic nationalism">Coptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_nationalism" title="Egyptian nationalism">Egyptian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pharaonism" title="Pharaonism">Pharaonism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabyle_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Kabyle nationalism">Kabyle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahrawi_nationalism" title="Sahrawi nationalism">Sahrawi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acholi_nationalism" title="Acholi nationalism">Acholi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amhara_nationalism" title="Amhara nationalism">Amhara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutu_Power" title="Hutu Power">Hutu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somali_nationalism" title="Somali nationalism">Somali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tigrayan_nationalism" title="Tigrayan nationalism">Tigrayan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nigeria</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Igbo_nationalism" title="Igbo nationalism">Igbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogoni_nationalism" title="Ogoni nationalism">Ogoni</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afrikaner_nationalism" title="Afrikaner nationalism">Afrikaner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicano_nationalism" title="Chicano nationalism">Chicano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenlandic_independence" title="Greenlandic independence">Greenlandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenous_self-government_in_Canada" title="Indigenous self-government in Canada">Indigenous Canadian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Lakotah_proposal" title="Republic of Lakotah proposal">Lakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quebec_nationalism" title="Quebec nationalism">Québécois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_of_Sequoyah" title="State of Sequoyah">Sequoyahan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Caribbean</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Noirism" title="Noirism">Haitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independence_movement_in_Puerto_Rico" title="Independence movement in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rican</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentine_nationalism" title="Argentine nationalism">Argentine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chilean_nationalism" title="Chilean nationalism">Chilean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creole_nationalism" title="Creole nationalism">Criollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapuche_conflict" title="Mapuche conflict">Mapuche</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnocacerism" title="Ethnocacerism">Peruvian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Middle East</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arab_nationalism" title="Arab nationalism">Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_nationalism" title="Assyrian nationalism">Assyrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iranian_nationalism" title="Iranian nationalism">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_nationalism" title="Iraqi nationalism">Iraqi</a></li> <li>Jewish <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Golus_nationalism" title="Golus nationalism">Diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordanian_nationalism" title="Jordanian nationalism">Jordanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdish_nationalism" title="Kurdish nationalism">Kurdish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_nationalism" title="Lebanese nationalism">Lebanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_nationalism" title="Palestinian nationalism">Palestinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_nationalism" title="Syrian nationalism">Syrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_nationalism" title="Turkish nationalism">Turkish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Cypriot_nationalism" title="Turkish Cypriot nationalism">in Cyprus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaza_nationalism" title="Zaza nationalism">Zaza</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_nationalism" title="Cantonese nationalism">Cantonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_nationalism" title="Chinese nationalism">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Han_nationalism" title="Han nationalism">Han</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Han_chauvinism" title="Han chauvinism">chauvinist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hong_Kong_nationalism" title="Hong Kong nationalism">Hongkonger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_nationalism_in_Japan" title="Ethnic nationalism in Japan">Japanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_ethnic_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean ethnic nationalism">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchurian_nationalism" title="Manchurian nationalism">Manchu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Okinawan_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Okinawan nationalism">Okinawan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryukyu_independence_movement" title="Ryukyu independence movement">Ryukyu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_nationalism" title="Taiwanese nationalism">Taiwanese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_independence_movement" title="Tibetan independence movement">Tibetan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assam_separatist_movements" title="Assam separatist movements">Assamese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bengali_nationalism" title="Bengali nationalism">Bengali</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_nationalism" title="Bangladeshi nationalism">in Bangladesh</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bodo_nationalism" title="Bodo nationalism">Bodo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dravidian_nationalism" title="Dravidian nationalism">Dravidian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazara_nationalism" title="Hazara nationalism">Hazara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meitei_nationalism" title="Meitei nationalism">Meitei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naga_nationalism" title="Naga nationalism">Naga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Punjabi_nationalism" title="Punjabi nationalism">Punjabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhi_nationalism" title="Sindhi nationalism">Sindhi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinhalese_Buddhist_nationalism" title="Sinhalese Buddhist nationalism">Sinhalese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_nationalism" title="Tamil nationalism">Tamil</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lankan_Tamil_nationalism" title="Sri Lankan Tamil nationalism">in Sri Lanka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripuri_nationalism" title="Tripuri nationalism">Tripuri</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South-eastern Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_nationalism" title="Filipino nationalism">Filipino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khmer_nationalism" title="Khmer nationalism">Khmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Early_Malay_nationalism" title="Early Malay nationalism">Malay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mon_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Mon nationalism">Mon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shan_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Shan nationalism">Shan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_nationalism" title="Thai nationalism">Thai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_nationalism" title="Vietnamese nationalism">Vietnamese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern & Middle Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baloch_nationalism" title="Baloch nationalism">Baloch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Mongolism" title="Pan-Mongolism">Mongolian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolian_independence_movement" title="Inner Mongolian independence movement">South Mongolia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Turkism" title="Pan-Turkism">Pan-Turkism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashtun_nationalism" title="Pashtun nationalism">Pashtun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberian_regionalism" title="Siberian regionalism">Siberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uyghur_nationalism" title="Uyghur nationalism">Uyghur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yakut_nationalism" title="Yakut nationalism">Yakut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South Caucasus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_nationalism" title="Armenian nationalism">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azerbaijani_nationalism" title="Azerbaijani nationalism">Azerbaijani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_nationalism" title="Georgian nationalism">Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laz_nationalism" title="Laz nationalism">Laz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southeastern Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_nationalism" title="Albanian nationalism">Albanian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_nationalism_in_Albania" title="Albanian nationalism in Albania">in Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_nationalism_in_Kosovo" title="Albanian nationalism in Kosovo">in Kosovo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albanian_nationalism_in_North_Macedonia" title="Albanian nationalism in North Macedonia">in North Macedonia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aromanian_nationalism" title="Aromanian nationalism">Aromanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosniak_nationalism" title="Bosniak nationalism">Bosniak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_nationalism" title="Croatian nationalism">Croatian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_nationalism" title="Greek nationalism">Greek</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Cypriot_nationalism" title="Greek Cypriot nationalism">in Cyprus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_nationalism" title="Macedonian nationalism">Macedonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moldovenism" title="Moldovenism">Moldovan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montenegrin_nationalism" title="Montenegrin nationalism">Montenegrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romani_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Romani nationalism">Romani (Gypsy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_nationalism" title="Romanian nationalism">Romanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_nationalism" title="Serbian nationalism">Serbian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Central Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_nationalism" title="Austrian nationalism">Austrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bavarian_nationalism" title="Bavarian nationalism">Bavarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_nationalism" title="Czech nationalism">Czech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frisian_nationalism" title="Frisian nationalism">Frisian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_nationalism" title="German nationalism">German</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_nationalism_in_Austria" title="German nationalism in Austria">in Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6lkisch_nationalism" title="Völkisch nationalism">Völkisch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hungarian_nationalism" title="Hungarian nationalism">Hungarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polish_nationalism" title="Polish nationalism">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silesian_independence" title="Silesian independence">Silesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_nationalism" title="Slovak nationalism">Slovak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovenian_nationalism" title="Slovenian nationalism">Slovenian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eastern Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belarusian_nationalism" title="Belarusian nationalism">Belarusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_nationalism" title="Russian nationalism">Russian</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ukrainian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiddishist_movement" title="Yiddishist movement">Yiddish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North Caucasus</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balkar_and_Karachay_nationalism" title="Balkar and Karachay nationalism">Balkar and Karachay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circassian_nationalism" title="Circassian nationalism">Circassian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingush_nationalism" title="Ingush nationalism">Ingush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lezgin_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Lezgin nationalism">Lezgin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ossetian_nationalism" title="Ossetian nationalism">Ossetian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Volga Region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chuvash_nationalism" title="Chuvash nationalism">Chuvash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatar_nationalism" title="Tatar nationalism">Tatar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Western Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Breton_nationalism" title="Breton nationalism">Breton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch nationalism">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flemish_Movement" title="Flemish Movement">Flemish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_nationalism" title="French nationalism">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_nationalism" title="Irish nationalism">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occitan_nationalism" title="Occitan nationalism">Occitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walloon_Movement" title="Walloon Movement">Walloon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United Kingdom</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_nationalism" title="British nationalism">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornish_nationalism" title="Cornish nationalism">Cornish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_nationalism" title="English nationalism">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_nationalism" title="Scottish nationalism">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulster_nationalism" title="Ulster nationalism">Ulster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_nationalism" title="Welsh nationalism">Welsh</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Southern Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arpitania" title="Arpitania">Arpitan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_nationalism" title="Basque nationalism">Basque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corsican_nationalism" title="Corsican nationalism">Corsican</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Italy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_nationalism" title="Italian nationalism">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lombard_nationalism" title="Lombard nationalism">Lombard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padanian_nationalism" title="Padanian nationalism">Padanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardinian_nationalism" title="Sardinian nationalism">Sardinian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicilian_nationalism" title="Sicilian nationalism">Sicilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venetian_nationalism" title="Venetian nationalism">Venetian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_nationalism" title="Spanish nationalism">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andalusian_nationalism" title="Andalusian nationalism">Andalusian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aragonese_nationalism" title="Aragonese nationalism">Aragonese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asturian_nationalism" title="Asturian nationalism">Asturian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_nationalism" title="Basque nationalism">Basque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canarian_nationalism" title="Canarian nationalism">Canarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castilian_nationalism" title="Castilian nationalism">Castilian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_nationalism" title="Catalan nationalism">Catalan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician_nationalism" title="Galician nationalism">Galician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Navarrese_nationalism" title="Navarrese nationalism">Navarrese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valencian_nationalism" title="Valencian nationalism">Valencian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Northern Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_nationalism" title="Estonian nationalism">Estonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faroese_independence_movement" title="Faroese independence movement">Faroese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_nationalism" title="Finnish nationalism">Finnish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Icelandic_nationalism" title="Icelandic nationalism">Icelandic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_National_Revival" title="Lithuanian National Revival">Lithuanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norwegian_nationalism" title="Norwegian nationalism">Norwegian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_nationalism" title="Australian nationalism">Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_sovereignty_movement" title="Hawaiian sovereignty movement">Hawaiian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Indigenous_sovereignty" title="Australian Indigenous sovereignty">Indigenous Australian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_protest_movement" title="Māori protest movement">Māori</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pan-nationalism" title="Pan-nationalism">Pan-nationalism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Africanism" title="Pan-Africanism">African</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Arabism" title="Pan-Arabism">Arab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Asianism" title="Pan-Asianism">Asian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_nationalism" title="Bangladeshi nationalism">Bangladeshi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Celticism" title="Pan-Celticism">Celtic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_nationalism" title="Chinese nationalism">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congolese_nationalism_(Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo)" title="Congolese nationalism (Democratic Republic of the Congo)">Congolese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-European_nationalism" title="Pan-European nationalism">European</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Finnicism" title="Pan-Finnicism">Finnic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Germanism" title="Pan-Germanism">Germanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panhispanism" title="Panhispanism">Hispanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iberism" title="Iberism">Iberian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_nationalism" title="Indian nationalism">Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Iranism" title="Pan-Iranism">Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iraqi_nationalism" title="Iraqi nationalism">Iraqi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_reunification" title="Korean reunification">Korean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Latinism" title="Pan-Latinism">Latin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_nationalism" title="Libyan nationalism">Libyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Mongolism" title="Pan-Mongolism">Mongolian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Indianism" title="Pan-Indianism">Native American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_nationalism" title="Nigerian nationalism">Nigerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nordism" class="mw-redirect" title="Nordism">Nordic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Oceanian" title="Pan-Oceanian">Oceanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistani_nationalism" title="Pakistani nationalism">Pakistani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_nationalism" title="Russian nationalism">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scandinavism" title="Scandinavism">Scandinavian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Slavism" title="Pan-Slavism">Slavic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslavism" title="Yugoslavism">South Slavic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunisian_nationalism" title="Tunisian nationalism">Tunisian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turanism" title="Turanism">Turanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pan-Turkism" title="Pan-Turkism">Turkic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ugandan_nationalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Ugandan nationalism">Ugandan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Movements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alsace_independence_movement" title="Alsace independence movement">Alsace independence movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assam_separatist_movements" title="Assam separatist movements">Assam separatist movements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_independence_movement" title="Assyrian independence movement">Assyrian independence movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_independence_movement" title="Catalan independence movement">Catalan independence movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champa_independence_movement" title="Champa independence movement">Champa independence movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Turkestan_independence_movement" title="East Turkestan independence movement">East Turkestan independence movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faroese_independence_movement" title="Faroese independence movement">Faroese independence movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flemish_Movement" title="Flemish Movement">Flemish Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Aceh_Movement" title="Free Aceh Movement">Free Aceh Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Papua_Movement" title="Free Papua Movement">Free Papua Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_of_%C3%85land" title="Future of Åland">Future of Åland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician_independence_movement" title="Galician independence movement">Galician independence movement (Spain)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenlandic_independence" title="Greenlandic independence">Greenlandic independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cantonese_nationalism" title="Cantonese nationalism">Guangdong Independence Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawaiian_sovereignty_movement" title="Hawaiian sovereignty movement">Hawaiian sovereignty movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inner_Mongolian_independence_movement" title="Inner Mongolian independence movement">Inner Mongolian independence movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashubian_Association" title="Kashubian Association">Kashubian Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_protest_movement" title="Māori protest movement">Māori protest movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mapuche_conflict#Mapuche_Activist_Movements_and_Government_Responses" title="Mapuche conflict">Mapuche separatist movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Independence_Movement" title="Muslim Independence Movement">Muslim Independence Movement (Philippines)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Liberation_Front_of_Corsica" title="National Liberation Front of Corsica">National Liberation Front of Corsica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patani_United_Liberation_Organisation" title="Patani United Liberation Organisation">Patani United Liberation Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryukyu_independence_movement" title="Ryukyu independence movement">Ryukyu independence movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_independence" title="Scottish independence">Scottish independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siberian_regionalism" title="Siberian regionalism">Siberian regionalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silesian_Autonomy_Movement" title="Silesian Autonomy Movement">Silesian Autonomy Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sz%C3%A9kely_autonomy_movement" title="Székely autonomy movement">Székely autonomy movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwan_independence_movement" title="Taiwan independence movement">Taiwan independence movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibetan_independence_movement" title="Tibetan independence movement">Tibetan independence movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vojvodina_Autonomist_Movement" title="Vojvodina Autonomist Movement">Vojvodina Autonomist Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallmapuwen" title="Wallmapuwen">Wallmapuwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walloon_Movement" title="Walloon Movement">Walloon Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Welsh_independence" title="Welsh independence">Welsh independence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Projects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arakan" title="Arakan">Arakan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyria" title="Assyria">Assyria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azawad" title="Azawad">Azawad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balawaristan" title="Balawaristan">Balawaristan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balochistan" title="Balochistan">Balochistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangsamoro" title="Bangsamoro">Bangsamoro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_Country_(greater_region)" title="Basque Country (greater region)">Basque Country (greater region)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalan_Countries" title="Catalan Countries">Catalan Countries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chameria" title="Chameria">Chameria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champa" title="Champa">Champa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chechen_Republic_of_Ichkeria" title="Chechen Republic of Ichkeria">Chechen Republic of Ichkeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circassia" title="Circassia">Circassia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimea" title="Crimea">Crimea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatay_State" title="Hatay State">Hatay State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazarajat" title="Hazarajat">Hazarajat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_City_of_Danzig" title="Free City of Danzig">Danzig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donetsk_People%27s_Republic" title="Donetsk People's Republic">Donetsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Turkestan" title="East Turkestan">East Turkestan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Republic_of_Herzeg-Bosnia" title="Croatian Republic of Herzeg-Bosnia">Herzeg-Bosnia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hutu_Power" title="Hutu Power">Hutu Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ilirida" title="Ilirida">Ilirida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karakalpakstan" title="Karakalpakstan">Karakalpakstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karelia" title="Karelia">Karelia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Katarism" title="Katarism">Katarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketuanan_Melayu" title="Ketuanan Melayu">Ketuanan Melayu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurdistan" title="Kurdistan">Kurdistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lezgistan" title="Lezgistan">Lezgistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luhansk_People%27s_Republic" title="Luhansk People's Republic">Luhansk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchukuo" title="Manchukuo">Manchukuo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marathi_Abhimaangeet" title="Marathi Abhimaangeet">Marathi Abhimaangeet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_Epirus" title="Northern Epirus">Northern Epirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occitania" title="Occitania">Occitania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ossetia" title="Ossetia">Ossetia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pashtunistan" title="Pashtunistan">Pashtunistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republika_Srpska" title="Republika Srpska">Republika Srpska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_Department_(Bolivia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Santa Cruz Department (Bolivia)">Santa Cruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A1pmi" title="Sápmi">Sápmi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saraikistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Saraikistan">Saraikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silesia" title="Silesia">Silesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindhudesh_movement" title="Sindhudesh movement">Sindhudesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sz%C3%A9kely_Land" title="Székely Land">Székely Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tamil_Eelam" title="Tamil Eelam">Tamil Eelam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibet" title="Tibet">Tibet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Local_ethnic_nationalism" title="Local ethnic nationalism">Local (China)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racial_nationalism" title="Racial nationalism">Racial</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Indigenismo" title="Indigenismo">American Indigenous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_nationalism" title="Black nationalism">Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%B6lkisch_nationalism" title="Völkisch nationalism">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indigenism" title="Indigenism">Indigenous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_nationalism" title="White nationalism">White</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="wrap"><i><b>Note</b>: Forms of nationalism based primarily on <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">ethnic groups</a> are listed above. This does not imply that all nationalists with a given ethnicity subscribe to that form of <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_nationalism" title="Ethnic nationalism">ethnic nationalism</a></i>.</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox508" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a>: National <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9048429#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/sh2008108255">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007559345905171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ukrainian_nationalism&oldid=1269810574">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ukrainian_nationalism&oldid=1269810574</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ukrainian_nationalism" title="Category:Ukrainian nationalism">Ukrainian nationalism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Independence_movements" title="Category:Independence movements">Independence movements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nationalist_movements_in_Europe" title="Category:Nationalist movements in Europe">Nationalist movements in Europe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Politics_of_Ukraine" title="Category:Politics of Ukraine">Politics of Ukraine</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Ukraine" title="Category:Society of Ukraine">Society of Ukraine</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Ukrainian-language_sources_(uk)" title="Category:CS1 Ukrainian-language sources (uk)">CS1 Ukrainian-language sources (uk)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">CS1 maint: location missing publisher</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1: unfit URL">CS1: unfit URL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_dead_external_links" title="Category:All articles with dead external links">All articles with dead external links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_dead_external_links_from_March_2016" title="Category:Articles with dead external links from March 2016">Articles with dead external links from March 2016</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Dutch-language_sources_(nl)" title="Category:CS1 Dutch-language sources (nl)">CS1 Dutch-language sources (nl)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_Russian-language_sources_(ru)" title="Category:Articles with Russian-language sources (ru)">Articles with Russian-language sources (ru)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_uses_Russian-language_script_(ru)" title="Category:CS1 uses Russian-language script (ru)">CS1 uses Russian-language script (ru)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Russian-language_sources_(ru)" title="Category:CS1 Russian-language sources (ru)">CS1 Russian-language sources (ru)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_uses_Ukrainian-language_script_(uk)" title="Category:CS1 uses Ukrainian-language script (uk)">CS1 uses Ukrainian-language script (uk)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_Ukrainian-language_sources_(uk)" title="Category:Articles with Ukrainian-language sources (uk)">Articles with Ukrainian-language sources (uk)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_location_test" title="Category:CS1 location test">CS1 location test</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Ukrainian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Ukrainian-language text">Articles containing Ukrainian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_in_need_of_updating_from_May_2022" title="Category:Wikipedia articles in need of updating from May 2022">Wikipedia articles in need of updating from May 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_in_need_of_updating" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles in need of updating">All Wikipedia articles in need of updating</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_Ukrainian_IPA" title="Category:Pages with Ukrainian IPA">Pages with Ukrainian IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_September_2024" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from September 2024">Articles needing additional references from September 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_March_2023" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from March 2023">Articles with unsourced statements from March 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_clarification_from_March_2023" title="Category:Wikipedia articles needing clarification from March 2023">Wikipedia articles needing clarification from March 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_February_2022" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from February 2022">Articles with unsourced statements from February 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_2023" title="Category:Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2023">Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2023</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements" title="Category:All articles containing potentially dated statements">All articles containing potentially dated statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_lacking_reliable_references" title="Category:All articles lacking reliable references">All articles lacking reliable references</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_lacking_reliable_references_from_December_2021" title="Category:Articles lacking reliable references from December 2021">Articles lacking reliable references from December 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_May_2022" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from May 2022">Articles with unsourced statements from May 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_August_2022" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from August 2022">Articles needing additional references from August 2022</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 16 January 2025, at 14:36<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ukrainian_nationalism&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ukrainian nationalism</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>21 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-6ff899887-kjmdq","wgBackendResponseTime":129,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.816","walltime":"2.075","ppvisitednodes":{"value":10315,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":312035,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":8688,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":17,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":19,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":442425,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1749.985 1 -total"," 52.38% 916.641 2 Template:Reflist"," 22.85% 399.901 38 Template:Cite_book"," 14.86% 260.096 47 Template:Cite_web"," 8.46% 148.080 2 Template:Sidebar_with_collapsible_lists"," 7.50% 131.267 1 Template:Ukrainian_nationalism"," 6.82% 119.376 3 Template:Langx"," 5.07% 88.657 19 Template:Main_other"," 4.49% 78.607 1 Template:Short_description"," 4.40% 77.070 3 Template:Ambox"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.156","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":22127194,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"table#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","260","20.6"],["?","220","17.5"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","140","11.1"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","120","9.5"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getAllExpandedArguments","60","4.8"],["\u003Cmw.lua:694\u003E","60","4.8"],["type","60","4.8"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::getExpandedArgument","60","4.8"],["init \u003CModule:Citation/CS1/Utilities\u003E","40","3.2"],["rawset","40","3.2"],["[others]","200","15.9"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-7dfdf5498-q9jtq","timestamp":"20250220113538","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Ukrainian nationalism","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Ukrainian_nationalism","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q9048429","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q9048429","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2007-09-26T19:54:46Z","dateModified":"2025-01-16T14:36:46Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/4\/49\/Flag_of_Ukraine.svg","headline":"ideology aiming to create an ethno-state of Ukrainians"}</script> </body> </html>