CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-disabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Seattle Opera: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-disabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy" ,"wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"bf141c30-5788-4640-8722-d43dbcb611d0","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Seattle_Opera","wgTitle":"Seattle Opera","wgCurRevisionId":1259207444,"wgRevisionId":802239202,"wgArticleId":1000718,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","Coordinates not on Wikidata","All articles with vague or ambiguous time","Vague or ambiguous time from August 2013","Pages using div col with unknown parameters","Commons category link from Wikidata","Musical groups established in 1963","Non-profit organizations based in Seattle","American opera companies","Musical groups from Seattle","1962 establishments in Washington (state)","Performing arts in Washington (state)"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en", "wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Seattle_Opera","wgRelevantArticleId":1000718,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"extRevisionSliderTimeOffset":0,"wgDiffOldId":801265513,"wgDiffNewId":802239202,"wgCoordinates":{"lat":47.620017,"lon":-122.336811},"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage", "wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q7442146","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.visualEditor.diffPage.init.styles":"ready","oojs-ui.styles.icons-accessibility":"ready","oojs-ui.styles.icons-editing-advanced":"ready","oojs-ui-core.styles":"ready","oojs-ui.styles.indicators":"ready","mediawiki.widgets.styles":"ready","oojs-ui-core.icons":"ready","ext.RevisionSlider.lazyCss":"ready","mediawiki.interface.helpers.styles":"ready","mediawiki.diff.styles":"ready", "ext.cite.styles":"ready","mediawiki.helplink":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.visualEditor.diffPage.init","ext.RevisionSlider.lazyJs","mediawiki.diff","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns", "ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.RevisionSlider.lazyCss%7Cext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.visualEditor.diffPage.init.styles%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cmediawiki.diff.styles%7Cmediawiki.helplink%7Cmediawiki.interface.helpers.styles%7Cmediawiki.widgets.styles%7Coojs-ui-core.icons%2Cstyles%7Coojs-ui.styles.icons-accessibility%2Cicons-editing-advanced%2Cindicators%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow,max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Seattle_Opera_logo.svg/1200px-Seattle_Opera_logo.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="673"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Seattle_Opera_logo.svg/800px-Seattle_Opera_logo.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="449"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Seattle_Opera_logo.svg/640px-Seattle_Opera_logo.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="359"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Seattle Opera: Difference between revisions - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seattle_Opera"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Seattle_Opera&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seattle_Opera"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="mw-article-diff skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Seattle_Opera rootpage-Seattle_Opera skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Seattle+Opera&returntoquery=diff%3Dprev%26oldid%3D802239202" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Seattle+Opera&returntoquery=diff%3Dprev%26oldid%3D802239202" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Seattle+Opera&returntoquery=diff%3Dprev%26oldid%3D802239202" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Seattle+Opera&returntoquery=diff%3Dprev%26oldid%3D802239202" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-The_Ross_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#The_Ross_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>The Ross years</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-The_Ross_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Richard_Wagner_at_Seattle_Opera" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Richard_Wagner_at_Seattle_Opera"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Richard Wagner at Seattle Opera</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Richard_Wagner_at_Seattle_Opera-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Richard Wagner at Seattle Opera subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Richard_Wagner_at_Seattle_Opera-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-"Ring_1,"_1975_to_1984" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Ring_1,"_1975_to_1984"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>"Ring 1," 1975 to 1984</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Ring_1,"_1975_to_1984-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"Ring_2,"_1985-1995" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Ring_2,"_1985-1995"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>"Ring 2," 1985-1995</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Ring_2,"_1985-1995-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-"Ring_3,"_2000-2013" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Ring_3,"_2000-2013"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>"Ring 3," 2000-2013</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Ring_3,"_2000-2013-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Speight_Jenkins_and_Wagner" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Speight_Jenkins_and_Wagner"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Speight Jenkins and Wagner</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Speight_Jenkins_and_Wagner-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Performers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Performers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Performers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Performers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Conductors_and_directors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conductors_and_directors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Conductors and directors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conductors_and_directors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-New_operas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#New_operas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>New operas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-New_operas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Seattle Opera: Difference between revisions</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 2 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-2" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">2 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seattle_Opera" title="Seattle Opera – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Seattle Opera" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seattle_Opera" title="Seattle Opera – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Seattle Opera" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7442146#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Seattle_Opera" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Seattle_Opera" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Seattle_Opera"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seattle_Opera&action=edit&oldid=802239202" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seattle_Opera&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Seattle_Opera"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seattle_Opera&action=edit&oldid=802239202" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seattle_Opera&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Seattle_Opera" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Seattle_Opera" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seattle_Opera&oldid=802239202" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seattle_Opera&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Seattle_Opera&id=802239202&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DSeattle_Opera%26diff%3Dprev%26oldid%3D802239202"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fw%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DSeattle_Opera%26diff%3Dprev%26oldid%3D802239202"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Book&bookcmd=render_article&arttitle=Seattle+Opera&returnto=Seattle+Opera&oldid=802239202&writer=rl" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seattle_Opera&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Seattle_Opera" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7442146" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Seattle_Opera&params=47.620017_N_122.336811_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">47°37′12″N</span> <span class="longitude">122°20′13″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">47.620017°N 122.336811°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">47.620017; -122.336811</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-mw-helplink" class="mw-indicator"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Diff" target="_blank" class="mw-helplink"><span class="mw-helplink-icon"></span>Help</a></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-revslider-container"><span style='width: 100%; text-align: center;' id='ooui-php-1' class='mw-revslider-toggle-button oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-indicatorElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget' data-ooui='{"_":"OO.ui.ButtonWidget","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"indicator":"down","label":"Browse history interactively","title":"Open revision slider","classes":["mw-revslider-toggle-button"]}'><a role='button' title='Open revision slider' tabindex='0' rel='nofollow' class='oo-ui-buttonElement-button'><span class='oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-iconElement-noIcon'></span><span class='oo-ui-labelElement-label'>Browse history interactively</span><span class='oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicator-down'></span></a></span><div class="mw-revslider-slider-wrapper" style="display: none;"><div class="mw-revslider-placeholder"><div class="mw-revslider-spinner"><div class="mw-revslider-bounce"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="mw-diff-revision-history-links"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seattle_Opera&diff=prev&oldid=801265513" class="mw-diff-revision-history-link-previous" title="Seattle Opera">← Previous edit</a><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seattle_Opera&diff=next&oldid=802239202" class="mw-diff-revision-history-link-next" title="Seattle Opera">Next edit →</a></div><div class="mw-diff-table-prefix" dir="ltr" lang="en"><div class="mw-diff-inline-legend oo-ui-element-hidden"><span class="mw-diff-inline-legend-del">Content deleted</span> <span class="mw-diff-inline-legend-ins">Content added</span></div><div class="ve-init-mw-diffPage-diffMode"><span class='oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonGroupWidget'><span aria-disabled='true' class='oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-disabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-framed oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget'><a role='button' tabindex='-1' aria-disabled='true' rel='nofollow' class='oo-ui-buttonElement-button'><span class='oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-eye oo-ui-image-invert'></span><span class='oo-ui-labelElement-label'>Visual</span><span class='oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator oo-ui-image-invert'></span></a></span><span class='oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-framed oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-buttonWidget oo-ui-buttonElement-active'><a role='button' tabindex='0' rel='nofollow' class='oo-ui-buttonElement-button'><span class='oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-wikiText oo-ui-image-invert'></span><span class='oo-ui-labelElement-label'>Wikitext</span><span class='oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator oo-ui-image-invert'></span></a></span></span></div><div class="mw-diffPage-inlineToggle-container"><div id='mw-diffPage-inline-toggle-switch-layout' class='oo-ui-layout oo-ui-labelElement oo-ui-fieldLayout oo-ui-fieldLayout-align-left' data-ooui='{"_":"OO.ui.FieldLayout","fieldWidget":{"tag":"mw-diffPage-inline-toggle-switch"},"$overlay":true,"label":"Inline","title":"Switches between inline format and two-column format"}'><div class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-body'><span class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-header'><label title='Switches between inline format and two-column format' id='ooui-php-2' class='oo-ui-labelElement-label'>Inline</label></span><div class='oo-ui-fieldLayout-field'><div id='mw-diffPage-inline-toggle-switch' title='Switches between inline format and two-column format' aria-checked='false' tabindex='0' role='switch' aria-labelledby='ooui-php-2' class='oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-toggleWidget oo-ui-toggleWidget-off oo-ui-toggleSwitchWidget' data-ooui='{"_":"OO.ui.ToggleSwitchWidget","href":"\/w\/index.php?title=Seattle_Opera&diff=prev&oldid=802239202&diff-type=inline","value":false,"title":"Switches between inline format and two-column format"}'><span class='oo-ui-toggleSwitchWidget-glow'></span><a href='/w/index.php?title=Seattle_Opera&diff=prev&oldid=802239202&diff-type=inline'><span class='oo-ui-toggleSwitchWidget-grip'></span></a></div></div></div></div></div></div><table class="diff diff-type-table diff-contentalign-left diff-editfont-monospace" data-mw="interface"> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <col class="diff-marker" /> <col class="diff-content" /> <tr class="diff-title" lang="en"> <td colspan="2" class="diff-otitle diff-side-deleted"><div id="mw-diff-otitle1"><strong><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seattle_Opera&oldid=801265513" title="Seattle Opera">Revision as of 17:42, 18 September 2017</a> <span class="mw-diff-edit"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seattle_Opera&action=edit&oldid=801265513" title="Seattle Opera">edit</a></span><span class="mw-diff-timestamp" data-timestamp="2017-09-18T17:42:23Z"></span></strong></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle2"><a href="/wiki/User:Bristol_Irish" class="mw-userlink" title="User:Bristol Irish" data-mw-revid="801265513"><bdi>Bristol Irish</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Bristol_Irish" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:Bristol Irish">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/Bristol_Irish" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/Bristol Irish">contribs</a>)</span><div class="mw-diff-usermetadata"><div class="mw-diff-userroles"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Extended_confirmed_editors" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Extended confirmed editors">Extended confirmed users</a></div><div class="mw-diff-usereditcount"><span>531</span> edits</div></div></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle3"><abbr class="minoredit" title="This is a minor edit">m</abbr><span class="comment mw-comment-none">No edit summary</span></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle5"><span class="mw-tag-markers"><a href="/wiki/Special:Tags" title="Special:Tags">Tag</a>: <span class="mw-tag-marker mw-tag-marker-visualeditor-switched"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:VisualEditor" title="Wikipedia:VisualEditor">Visual edit: Switched</a></span></span></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle4"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seattle_Opera&diff=prev&oldid=801265513" title="Seattle Opera" id="differences-prevlink">← Previous edit</a></div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-ntitle diff-side-added"><div id="mw-diff-ntitle1"><strong><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seattle_Opera&oldid=802239202" title="Seattle Opera">Revision as of 21:31, 24 September 2017</a> <span class="mw-diff-edit"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seattle_Opera&action=edit&oldid=802239202" title="Seattle Opera">edit</a></span><span class="mw-diff-timestamp" data-timestamp="2017-09-24T21:31:04Z"></span> <span class="mw-diff-undo"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seattle_Opera&action=edit&undoafter=801265513&undo=802239202" title=""Undo" reverts this edit and opens the edit form in preview mode. It allows adding a reason in the summary.">undo</a></span></strong></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle2"><a href="/wiki/User:Proofreader" class="mw-userlink" title="User:Proofreader" data-mw-revid="802239202"><bdi>Proofreader</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Proofreader" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:Proofreader">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/Proofreader" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/Proofreader">contribs</a>)</span><div class="mw-diff-usermetadata"><div class="mw-diff-userroles"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Extended_confirmed_editors" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Extended confirmed editors">Extended confirmed users</a></div><div class="mw-diff-usereditcount"><span>11,931</span> edits</div></div></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle3"> <span class="comment comment--without-parentheses"><span class="autocomment"><a href="#"Ring_2,"_1985-1995">→<bdi dir="ltr">"Ring 2," 1985-1995</bdi></a>: </span> wikilink</span></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle5"></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle4"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Seattle_Opera&diff=next&oldid=802239202" title="Seattle Opera" id="differences-nextlink">Next edit →</a></div></td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 79:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 79:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>==="Ring 2," 1985-1995===</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>==="Ring 2," 1985-1995===</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>Speight Jenkins was appointed General Director in 1983, and immediately set about creating a new ''Ring'' production. ''Die Walküre'' appeared first, in 1985, followed by complete cycles in 1986, 1987, 1991, and 1995. (Jenkins determined that the company could achieve higher quality performances by presenting the ''Ring'' every four years.) The new production was directed by Francois Rochaix, with sets and costumes designed by Robert Israel, lighting designed by Joan Sullivan, and supertitles (the first ever created for the ''Ring'') by [[Sonya Friedman]]. The production set the action in a world of nineteenth-century theatricality. Initially controversial, it sold out in 1995. Conductors included [[Armin Jordan]] (''Die Walküre'' in 1985), [[Manuel Rosenthal]] (1986), and Hermann Michael (1987, 1991, and 1995).<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline"> </del></div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>Speight Jenkins was appointed General Director in 1983, and immediately set about creating a new ''Ring'' production. ''Die Walküre'' appeared first, in 1985, followed by complete cycles in 1986, 1987, 1991, and 1995. (Jenkins determined that the company could achieve higher quality performances by presenting the ''Ring'' every four years.) The new production was directed by Francois Rochaix, with sets and costumes designed by Robert Israel, lighting designed by Joan Sullivan, and supertitles (the first ever created for the ''Ring'') by [[Sonya Friedman]]. The production set the action in a world of nineteenth-century theatricality. Initially controversial, it sold out in 1995. Conductors included [[Armin Jordan]] (''Die Walküre'' in 1985), [[Manuel Rosenthal]] (1986), and <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">[[</ins>Hermann Michael<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">]]</ins> (1987, 1991, and 1995).</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>==="Ring 3," 2000-2013===</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>==="Ring 3," 2000-2013===</div></td> </tr> </table><hr class='diff-hr' id='mw-oldid' /> <h2 class='diff-currentversion-title'>Revision as of 21:31, 24 September 2017</h2> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Seattle Opera</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seattle_Opera_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Seattle_Opera_logo.svg/150px-Seattle_Opera_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Seattle_Opera_logo.svg/225px-Seattle_Opera_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Seattle_Opera_logo.svg/300px-Seattle_Opera_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="41" data-file-height="23" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Formation</th><td class="infobox-data note">1963</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Glynn_Ross" title="Glynn Ross">Glynn Ross</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Opera_company" class="mw-redirect" title="Opera company">Opera company</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data">1020 John Street</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a>, <a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Coordinates</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Seattle_Opera&params=47.620017_N_122.336811_W_"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">47°37′12″N</span> <span class="longitude">122°20′13″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">47.620017°N 122.336811°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">47.620017; -122.336811</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">General Director</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aidan_Lang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aidan Lang (page does not exist)">Aidan Lang</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.seattleopera.org/">seattleopera.org</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:McCaw_Hall_Kreielsheimer_Promenade.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/McCaw_Hall_Kreielsheimer_Promenade.JPG/220px-McCaw_Hall_Kreielsheimer_Promenade.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/McCaw_Hall_Kreielsheimer_Promenade.JPG/330px-McCaw_Hall_Kreielsheimer_Promenade.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/McCaw_Hall_Kreielsheimer_Promenade.JPG/440px-McCaw_Hall_Kreielsheimer_Promenade.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3872" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>The facade of Marion Oliver McCaw Hall at <a href="/wiki/Seattle_Center" title="Seattle Center">Seattle Center</a>, seen from Kreielsheimer Promenade, with the <a href="/wiki/Space_Needle" title="Space Needle">Space Needle</a> in the background</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Seattle Opera</b> is an <a href="/wiki/Opera" title="Opera">opera</a> company located in <a href="/wiki/Seattle,_Washington" class="mw-redirect" title="Seattle, Washington">Seattle, Washington</a>. Founded in 1963 by <a href="/wiki/Glynn_Ross" title="Glynn Ross">Glynn Ross</a>, who served as the company's first general director through 1983, Seattle Opera's season runs from August to late May, with five or six operas offered and with eight to ten performances each, often with double casts in major roles to allow for successive evening presentations. </p><p>The second general director of Seattle Opera was <a href="/wiki/Speight_Jenkins" title="Speight Jenkins">Speight Jenkins</a>, who retired in 2014. He was replaced by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aidan_Lang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aidan Lang (page does not exist)">Aidan Lang</a>. </p><p>Since August 2003, the company has presented operas in the <a href="/wiki/McCaw_Hall" title="McCaw Hall">Marion Oliver McCaw Hall</a>, built on the site of the old Seattle Opera House at <a href="/wiki/Seattle_Center" title="Seattle Center">Seattle Center</a>. The company does not have a full-time music director. In October 2007, Seattle Opera announced the appointment of <a href="/wiki/Asher_Fisch" title="Asher Fisch">Asher Fisch</a> as the company's principal guest conductor.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_Ross_years">The Ross years</h2></div> <p>From the outset, Ross saw opera as something that had to be sold using similar techniques to those used to sell popular entertainment. "To sell opera…you have to get their attention with a little razzle-dazzle. You've got to be simpatico. You have to be able to communicate, and you have to deliver your message with the best possible product you can manage."<sup id="cite_ref-Jones_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jones-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1970, <a href="/wiki/Harold_C._Schonberg" title="Harold C. Schonberg">H. C. Schonberg</a> of the <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Times">New York Times</a></i> contrasted Seattle Opera's approach to marketing to the then still staid marketing of New York's <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera" title="Metropolitan Opera">Metropolitan Opera</a>: "Out there, you see campaign buttons with the legend <i>Opera Lives</i>. It is in Seattle where you can look at the sky and find an airplane skywriting the virtues of Seattle Opera. There are even auto <a href="/wiki/Bumper_sticker" title="Bumper sticker">bumper stickers</a> about opera." Further, Schonberg remarked favorably on the "air of freshness and experimentation that contrasts vividly with the dull, tried and true, tired professionalism in other opera houses one could mention."<sup id="cite_ref-Jones_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jones-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Richard_Wagner_at_Seattle_Opera">Richard Wagner at Seattle Opera</h2></div> <p>The company is noted for its performances of the works of <a href="/wiki/Richard_Wagner" title="Richard Wagner">Richard Wagner</a>, including the <i><a href="/wiki/Der_Ring_des_Nibelungen" title="Der Ring des Nibelungen">Ring</a></i> cycle. In 1975, it was the first American company to perform the cycle in its entirety over the space of a week since the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera" title="Metropolitan Opera">Metropolitan Opera</a> did it in 1939. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""Ring_1,"_1975_to_1984"><span id=".22Ring_1.2C.22_1975_to_1984"></span>"Ring 1," 1975 to 1984</h3></div> <p>Beginning with a production of <i><a href="/wiki/Die_Walk%C3%BCre" title="Die Walküre">Die Walküre</a></i> one year, and following successively each year with <i><a href="/wiki/Siegfried_(opera)" title="Siegfried (opera)">Siegfried</a></i> and, finally, <i><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6tterd%C3%A4mmerung" title="Götterdämmerung">Götterdämmerung</a></i>, Ross announced in 1975 that <i><a href="/wiki/Das_Rheingold" title="Das Rheingold">Das Rheingold</a></i> would precede the others to make up the first consecutive Ring Cycle over six days in July. In spite of the modernization of the opera productions which Ross found at the <a href="/wiki/Bayreuth_Festival" title="Bayreuth Festival">Bayreuth Festival</a>, Seattle's were to be traditional productions and appeal to the lovers of the traditional. </p><p>Two back-to-back cycles of the <i>Ring</i>, one each in German and English, were presented annually between 1975 and 1983. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Andrew_Porter_(opera_translator)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andrew Porter (opera translator) (page does not exist)">Andrew Porter</a>'s English adaptation which was prepared for the <a href="/wiki/English_National_Opera" title="English National Opera">English National Opera</a> and which was priced below the German language cycle, introduced many new listeners to Wagner. Originally directed by <a href="/wiki/George_London_(bass-baritone)" title="George London (bass-baritone)">George London</a> with designer John Naccarato, later presentations were directed by Lincoln Clark between 1976 and 1983, and by the tenor, <a href="/wiki/Ragnar_Ulfung" title="Ragnar Ulfung">Ragnar Ulfung</a> in 1984. Henry Holt conducted all the cycles. The performances were well attended and received good press. </p><p>By 1982, the cycle was drawing opera lovers from all over the United States, as well as many other countries of the world, and Seattle appeared to be a serious rival to Bayreuth. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""Ring_2,"_1985-1995"><span id=".22Ring_2.2C.22_1985-1995"></span>"Ring 2," 1985-1995</h3></div> <p>Speight Jenkins was appointed General Director in 1983, and immediately set about creating a new <i>Ring</i> production. <i>Die Walküre</i> appeared first, in 1985, followed by complete cycles in 1986, 1987, 1991, and 1995. (Jenkins determined that the company could achieve higher quality performances by presenting the <i>Ring</i> every four years.) The new production was directed by Francois Rochaix, with sets and costumes designed by Robert Israel, lighting designed by Joan Sullivan, and supertitles (the first ever created for the <i>Ring</i>) by <a href="/wiki/Sonya_Friedman" title="Sonya Friedman">Sonya Friedman</a>. The production set the action in a world of nineteenth-century theatricality. Initially controversial, it sold out in 1995. Conductors included <a href="/wiki/Armin_Jordan" title="Armin Jordan">Armin Jordan</a> (<i>Die Walküre</i> in 1985), <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Rosenthal" title="Manuel Rosenthal">Manuel Rosenthal</a> (1986), and <a href="/wiki/Hermann_Michael" title="Hermann Michael">Hermann Michael</a> (1987, 1991, and 1995). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""Ring_3,"_2000-2013"><span id=".22Ring_3.2C.22_2000-2013"></span>"Ring 3," 2000-2013</h3></div> <p>Jenkins engaged a new creative team to conceive Seattle Opera's third <i>Ring</i> production, which was unveiled in 2000 (<i>Das Rheingold</i> and <i>Die Walküre</i>) and 2001 (full cycle) and returned in 2005, 2009, and 2013. Director <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stephen_Wadsworth&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stephen Wadsworth (page does not exist)">Stephen Wadsworth</a>, Set Designer Thomas Lynch, Costume Designer <a href="/wiki/Martin_Pakledinaz" title="Martin Pakledinaz">Martin Pakledinaz</a>, Lighting Designer <a href="/wiki/Peter_Kaczorowski" title="Peter Kaczorowski">Peter Kaczorowski</a> created a production which became known as the "Green" <i>Ring</i>, inspired in part by the natural beauty of the Pacific Northwest. Armin Jordan returned to conduct in 2000, Franz Vote in 2001, and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Spano" title="Robert Spano">Robert Spano</a> in 2005 and 2009. The 2013 production, conducted by <a href="/wiki/Asher_Fisch" title="Asher Fisch">Asher Fisch</a>, was released as a commercial recording on compact disc and on iTunes. The productions starred singers such as <a href="/wiki/Greer_Grimsley" title="Greer Grimsley">Greer Grimsley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stephanie_Blythe" title="Stephanie Blythe">Stephanie Blythe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ewa_Podle%C5%9B" title="Ewa Podleś">Ewa Podles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jane_Eaglen" title="Jane Eaglen">Jane Eaglen</a>, Richard Paul Fink, <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Jane_Wray" title="Margaret Jane Wray">Margaret Jane Wray</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Milling" title="Stephen Milling">Stephen Milling</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Speight_Jenkins_and_Wagner">Speight Jenkins and Wagner</h3></div> <p>Upon taking leadership of Seattle Opera in 1983 Speight Jenkins stated a goal of producing all ten of the major Wagner works in Seattle. Beginning with <i><a href="/wiki/Tannh%C3%A4user_(opera)" title="Tannhäuser (opera)">Tannhäuser</a></i> in 1984 (the first Seattle Opera production with supertitles), Jenkins finally achieved his goal with the August 2003 production of <i><a href="/wiki/Parsifal" title="Parsifal">Parsifal</a></i> that opened McCaw Hall. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Performers">Performers</h2></div> <p>Seattle Opera draws some of the world's best opera singers to its stage. Some of the notable performers who have appeared in productions include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harolyn_Blackwell" title="Harolyn Blackwell">Harolyn Blackwell</a> - a regular figure on the Seattle Opera stage during the 1990s and 2000s, her credits with the company include the title roles in <a href="/wiki/Donizetti" class="mw-redirect" title="Donizetti">Donizetti</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Lucia_di_Lammermoor" title="Lucia di Lammermoor">Lucia di Lammermoor</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9o_Delibes" title="Léo Delibes">Delibes</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Lakm%C3%A9" title="Lakmé">Lakmé</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_Brownlee" title="Lawrence Brownlee">Lawrence Brownlee</a> - was a participant in Seattle Opera's Young Artist program. Since then, he has appeared with the company as Ernesto in <a href="/wiki/Donizetti" class="mw-redirect" title="Donizetti">Donizetti</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Don_Pasquale" title="Don Pasquale">Don Pasquale</a>, Arcadio in <a href="/wiki/Catan" title="Catan">Catan</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Florencia_en_el_Amazonas" title="Florencia en el Amazonas">Florencia en el Amazonas</a>, Arturo in <a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_Bellini" title="Vincenzo Bellini">Bellini</a>'s<i> <a href="/wiki/I_puritani" title="I puritani">I puritani</a></i>, Almaviva in <a href="/wiki/Rossini" class="mw-redirect" title="Rossini">Rossini</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Il_barbiere_di_Siviglia" class="mw-redirect" title="Il barbiere di Siviglia">Il barbiere di Siviglia</a></i>, Tonio in <a href="/wiki/Donizetti" class="mw-redirect" title="Donizetti">Donizetti</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/La_fille_du_r%C3%A9giment" title="La fille du régiment">La fille du régiment</a></i>, Don Ottavio in <a href="/wiki/Mozart" class="mw-redirect" title="Mozart">Mozart</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Don_Giovanni" title="Don Giovanni">Don Giovanni</a></i>, and Count Ory in <a href="/wiki/Rossini" class="mw-redirect" title="Rossini">Rossini</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Count_Ory" class="mw-redirect" title="Count Ory">Count Ory</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Burdette" title="Kevin Burdette">Kevin Burdette</a> - debuted with the company in 2006 as Mustafà in <a href="/wiki/Rossini" class="mw-redirect" title="Rossini">Rossini</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/L%27italiana_in_Algeri" title="L'italiana in Algeri">L'italiana in Algeri</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Cassilly" title="Richard Cassilly">Richard Cassilly</a> - made his debut with the company as Manrico in April 1967 opposite <a href="/wiki/Eileen_Farrell" title="Eileen Farrell">Eileen Farrell</a>'s Leonora and <a href="/wiki/Sherrill_Milnes" title="Sherrill Milnes">Sherrill Milnes</a>'s Count DiLuna.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_Curry" title="Diane Curry">Diane Curry</a> -From 1981-1986 Curry performed annually in Seattle Opera's Wagner's <i><a href="/wiki/Der_Ring_des_Nibelungen" title="Der Ring des Nibelungen">The Ring Cycle</a></i> under director <a href="/wiki/Speight_Jenkins" title="Speight Jenkins">Speight Jenkins</a>, portraying Fricka in <i><a href="/wiki/Das_Rheingold" title="Das Rheingold">Das Rheingold</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Die_Walk%C3%BCre" title="Die Walküre">Die Walküre</a></i> and Waltraute/Second Norn in <i><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6tterd%C3%A4mmerung" title="Götterdämmerung">Götterdämmerung</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geraldine_Decker" title="Geraldine Decker">Geraldine Decker</a>- From 1974-1987 Decker performed annually in Seattle Opera's Wagner's <i><a href="/wiki/Der_Ring_des_Nibelungen" title="Der Ring des Nibelungen">The Ring Cycle</a></i> under director <a href="/wiki/Speight_Jenkins" title="Speight Jenkins">Speight Jenkins</a>, as Erda in both <i><a href="/wiki/Das_Rheingold" title="Das Rheingold">Das Rheingold</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Siegfried_(opera)" title="Siegfried (opera)">Siegfried</a></i>, Schwertleite in <i><a href="/wiki/Die_Walk%C3%BCre" title="Die Walküre">Die Walküre</a></i>, and the First Norn <i><a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6tterd%C3%A4mmerung" title="Götterdämmerung">Götterdämmerung</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jane_Eaglen" title="Jane Eaglen">Jane Eaglen</a> - made her American debut as well as her Seattle Opera debut in the company's 1994 production of <a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_Bellini" title="Vincenzo Bellini">Bellini</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Norma_(opera)" title="Norma (opera)">Norma</a></i>. A previous unknown, she was cast personally by <a href="/wiki/Speight_Jenkins" title="Speight Jenkins">Speight Jenkins</a> to replace <a href="/wiki/Carol_Vaness" title="Carol Vaness">Carol Vaness</a> when the latter was unable to sing due to medical issues. She went on to sing Turandot, Isolde, Brünnhilde, Ariadne, Ortrud, Senta, and other roles with the company.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joyce_El-Khoury" title="Joyce El-Khoury">Joyce El-Khoury</a> - sang all the 2016 performances of <a href="/wiki/Maria_Stuarda" title="Maria Stuarda">Maria Stuarda</a> due to a colleague's indisposition.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9e_Fleming" title="Renée Fleming">Renée Fleming</a> - made her debut with the company singing the title role in the 1990 production of <a href="/wiki/Anton%C3%ADn_Dvo%C5%99%C3%A1k" title="Antonín Dvořák">Dvořák</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Rusalka" title="Rusalka">Rusalka</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuccia_Focile" title="Nuccia Focile">Nuccia Focile</a> - has appeared in many productions, including the title role in the 2007 production of <i><a href="/wiki/Gluck" class="mw-redirect" title="Gluck">Gluck</a>'</i>s <i><a href="/wiki/Iphigenia_in_Tauris" title="Iphigenia in Tauris">Iphigenia in Tauris</a></i> and Susanna in 2016's <i><a href="/wiki/Le_nozze_di_Figaro" class="mw-redirect" title="Le nozze di Figaro">Le nozze di Figaro</a></i>. The company named her "Artist of the Year" for her 2013 performances of <a href="/wiki/La_voix_humaine" title="La voix humaine">La voix humaine</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greer_Grimsley" title="Greer Grimsley">Greer Grimsley</a> - made his debut as Telramund in Lohengrin in 1994 (revived 2004), then returned for Escamillo (1995), Mephistopheles (1997), Kurwenal (1998 and 2010), Scarpia (2001, 2007, and 2015), Donner and Gunther (2001), Amfortas (2003), Jack Rance (2004), Wotan (2005, 2009, and 2013), the Flying Dutchman (2007 and 2016), and Don Pizarro (2012).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Gruber" title="Andrea Gruber">Andrea Gruber</a> - has sung numerous roles with the company including the title role in <a href="/wiki/Verdi" class="mw-redirect" title="Verdi">Verdi</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Aida" title="Aida">Aida</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Heppner" title="Ben Heppner">Ben Heppner</a> - performed his first ever Tristan in <a href="/wiki/Wagner" class="mw-redirect" title="Wagner">Wagner</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Tristan_und_Isolde" title="Tristan und Isolde">Tristan und Isolde</a></i> with Seattle Opera in 1998. Other roles in Seattle include Walther von Stolzing, Lohengrin, and Andrea Chenier.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bette_Midler" title="Bette Midler">Bette Midler</a>- played the Acid Queen in Seattle Opera's production of <a href="/wiki/The_Who" title="The Who">The Who</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Tommy_(album)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Tommy (album)">Tommy</a></i>, the first time it was ever performed in an theater format.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brett_Polegato" title="Brett Polegato">Brett Polegato</a> - made his debut with the company as Henry Miles in the 2005 production of <a href="/wiki/Jake_Heggie" title="Jake Heggie">Jake Heggie</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_End_of_the_Affair_(opera)" title="The End of the Affair (opera)">The End of the Affair</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alberto_Remedios" title="Alberto Remedios">Alberto Remedios</a> - who appeared as Siegfried in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Ring_Cycle" class="mw-redirect" title="The Ring Cycle">The Ring Cycle</a></i> with the company in the 1970s.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gidon_Saks" title="Gidon Saks">Gidon Saks</a> - has appeared in several Wagner productions with the company.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beverly_Sills" title="Beverly Sills">Beverly Sills</a> - made her debut with the company in 1965 as Mimi in <a href="/wiki/Puccini" class="mw-redirect" title="Puccini">Puccini</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/La_Boheme" class="mw-redirect" title="La Boheme">La Boheme</a></i>. It was the only time she ever sang that role on stage.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_Sutherland" title="Joan Sutherland">Joan Sutherland</a> - portrayed Lakmé for the company in 1967, then returned as Donna Anna, the three heroines in <a href="/wiki/Les_contes_d%27Hoffmann" class="mw-redirect" title="Les contes d'Hoffmann">Les contes d'Hoffmann</a>, and Sita in <a href="/wiki/Le_roi_de_Lahore" title="Le roi de Lahore">Le roi de Lahore</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Vaness" title="Carol Vaness">Carol Vaness</a> - performed frequently with the company in the 1980s and 1990s.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Conductors_and_directors">Conductors and directors</h2></div> <p>Seattle Opera often invites guest directors and conductors to take part in its productions. Notable conductors and directors include: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Alden_(director)" title="Christopher Alden (director)">Christopher Alden</a> - made his debut with the company in 1990<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> directing <a href="/wiki/Mozart" class="mw-redirect" title="Mozart">Mozart</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Don_Giovanni" title="Don Giovanni">Don Giovanni</a></i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asher_Fisch" title="Asher Fisch">Asher Fisch</a> - made his debut opening McCaw Hall with <a href="/wiki/Parsifal" title="Parsifal">Parsifal</a>, and returned to conduct <a href="/wiki/Lohengrin" title="Lohengrin">Lohengrin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Der_fliegende_Hollander" class="mw-redirect" title="Der fliegende Hollander">Der fliegende Hollander</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tristan_und_Isolde" title="Tristan und Isolde">Tristan und Isolde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fidelio" title="Fidelio">Fidelio</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Der_Ring_des_Nibelungen" title="Der Ring des Nibelungen">Der Ring des Nibelungen</a> (released as a commercial CD recording). He won "Artist of the Year" for conducting both <a href="/wiki/Der_Rosenkavalier" title="Der Rosenkavalier">Der Rosenkavalier</a> (2006) and <a href="/wiki/Turandot" title="Turandot">Turandot</a> (2012).</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Pearlman" title="Richard Pearlman">Richard Pearlman</a> - conducted the first professional theatrical production of <a href="/wiki/The_Who" title="The Who">The Who</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Rock_opera" title="Rock opera">rock opera</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Tommy_(rock_opera)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tommy (rock opera)">Tommy</a></i> featuring <a href="/wiki/Bette_Midler" title="Bette Midler">Bette Midler</a> with the company in 1971.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartlett_Sher" title="Bartlett Sher">Bartlett Sher</a> - made his opera directing debut with the company's production of <a href="/wiki/Marvin_David_Levy" title="Marvin David Levy">Marvin David Levy</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Mourning_Becomes_Electra" title="Mourning Becomes Electra">Mourning Becomes Electra</a></i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (August 2013)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Spano" title="Robert Spano">Robert Spano</a> - conducted the 2005 and 2009 productions of <i>The Ring Cycle</i>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Werner_Torkanowsky" title="Werner Torkanowsky">Werner Torkanowsky</a> - conducted the 1974 production of <a href="/wiki/Boito" class="mw-redirect" title="Boito">Boito</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Mefistofele" title="Mefistofele">Mefistofele</a></i>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="New_operas">New operas</h2></div> <p>Seattle Opera supports the creation of new operas and has commissioned several works throughout its history. New operas performed by the company include: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col div-col-rules"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carlisle_Floyd" title="Carlisle Floyd">Carlisle Floyd</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Of_Mice_and_Men_(opera)" title="Of Mice and Men (opera)">Of Mice and Men</a></i> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Pasatieri" title="Thomas Pasatieri">Thomas Pasatieri</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Calvary_(opera)" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvary (opera)">Calvary</a>)(1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Pasatieri" title="Thomas Pasatieri">Thomas Pasatieri</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Black_Widow_(opera)" title="Black Widow (opera)">Black Widow</a></i> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Cat%C3%A1n" title="Daniel Catán">Daniel Catán</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Florencia_en_el_Amazonas" title="Florencia en el Amazonas">Florencia en el Amazonas</a></i> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marvin_David_Levy" title="Marvin David Levy">Marvin David Levy</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Mourning_Becomes_Electra_(opera)" title="Mourning Becomes Electra (opera)">Mourning Becomes Electra</a></i> (2003, premiere of revised version)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daron_Hagen" title="Daron Hagen">Daron Hagen</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Amelia_(opera)" title="Amelia (opera)">Amelia</a></i> (2010)</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_MusicWorks" title="Pacific MusicWorks">Pacific MusicWorks</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <p><b>Notes</b> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMatthew_Westphal2007" class="citation news cs1">Matthew Westphal (16 October 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.playbillarts.com/news/article/7214.html">"Seattle Opera Appoints Asher Fisch Principal Guest Conductor"</a>. <i>Playbill Arts</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-10-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Playbill+Arts&rft.atitle=Seattle+Opera+Appoints+Asher+Fisch+Principal+Guest+Conductor&rft.date=2007-10-16&rft.au=Matthew+Westphal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.playbillarts.com%2Fnews%2Farticle%2F7214.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeattle+Opera" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jones-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jones_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jones_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Quoted in <a href="#CITEREFJones1972">Jones 1972</a>, p. 254.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://seattleopera50.com/tag/diane-curry/">"Diane Curry"</a>. <i>Seattle Opera Performance Archives</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 28,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Seattle+Opera+Performance+Archives&rft.atitle=Diane+Curry&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fseattleopera50.com%2Ftag%2Fdiane-curry%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeattle+Opera" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFF._Paul_Driscoll2013" class="citation journal cs1">F. Paul Driscoll (October 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.operanews.com/Opera_News_Magazine/2013/10/Departments/Obituaries.html">"Obituary: Geraldine Decker"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Opera_News" title="Opera News">Opera News</a></i>. <b>78</b> (4).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Opera+News&rft.atitle=Obituary%3A+Geraldine+Decker&rft.volume=78&rft.issue=4&rft.date=2013-10&rft.au=F.+Paul+Driscoll&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.operanews.com%2FOpera_News_Magazine%2F2013%2F10%2FDepartments%2FObituaries.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeattle+Opera" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://christopheralden.net/Production%20History.htm">List of productions on Christopher Alden's website</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><b>Sources</b> </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones1972" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Nard_Jones" title="Nard Jones">Jones, Nard</a> (1972). <i>Seattle</i>. Garden City, New York: Doubleday. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-385-01875-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-385-01875-4"><bdi>0-385-01875-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/532396">532396</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Seattle&rft.place=Garden+City%2C+New+York&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1972&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F532396&rft.isbn=0-385-01875-4&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Nard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASeattle+Opera" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Seattle_Opera" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Seattle Opera">Seattle Opera</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.seattleopera.org/">Seattle Opera official website homepage</a></li> <li>[<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.seattleopera50.com/">http://www.seattleopera50.com/</a> Official historical archive listing all performances and performers</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bruceduffie.com/drake.html">Interview with Archie Drake</a> by Bruce Duffie, August, 1987</li></ul></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seattle_Opera&oldid=802239202">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seattle_Opera&oldid=802239202</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Musical_groups_established_in_1963" title="Category:Musical groups established in 1963">Musical groups established in 1963</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Non-profit_organizations_based_in_Seattle" title="Category:Non-profit organizations based in Seattle">Non-profit organizations based in Seattle</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_opera_companies" title="Category:American opera companies">American opera companies</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Musical_groups_from_Seattle" title="Category:Musical groups from Seattle">Musical groups from Seattle</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1962_establishments_in_Washington_(state)" title="Category:1962 establishments in Washington (state)">1962 establishments in Washington (state)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Performing_arts_in_Washington_(state)" title="Category:Performing arts in Washington (state)">Performing arts in Washington (state)</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Coordinates_not_on_Wikidata" title="Category:Coordinates not on Wikidata">Coordinates not on Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_vague_or_ambiguous_time" title="Category:All articles with vague or ambiguous time">All articles with vague or ambiguous time</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Vague_or_ambiguous_time_from_August_2013" title="Category:Vague or ambiguous time from August 2013">Vague or ambiguous time from August 2013</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_div_col_with_unknown_parameters" title="Category:Pages using div col with unknown parameters">Pages using div col with unknown parameters</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 24 September 2017, at 21:31<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright"><span class="nowraplinks">This version of the page has been <a href="/wiki/Help:Page_history" title="Help:Page history">revised</a>. Besides normal editing, the reason for revision may have been that this version contains factual inaccuracies, vandalism, or material not compatible with the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>.</span></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Seattle_Opera&diff=prev&oldid=802239202&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-5cxzh","wgBackendResponseTime":801,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.347","walltime":"0.494","ppvisitednodes":{"value":1839,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":21217,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":2253,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":14,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":2,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":18628,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 426.300 1 -total"," 37.67% 160.602 1 Template:Reflist"," 31.34% 133.607 1 Template:Infobox_organization"," 29.62% 126.284 1 Template:Infobox"," 23.85% 101.654 1 Template:Cite_news"," 14.34% 61.141 1 Template:Commons_category"," 13.71% 58.458 1 Template:Sister_project"," 13.26% 56.515 1 Template:Side_box"," 11.68% 49.806 1 Template:When"," 10.56% 45.026 1 Template:Fix"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.205","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":5945408,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFF._Paul_Driscoll2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJones1972\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMatthew_Westphal2007\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Cite book\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 1,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"Coord\"] = 1,\n [\"Div col\"] = 1,\n [\"Div col end\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvnb\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox organization\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"URL\"] = 1,\n [\"When\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-5cxzh","timestamp":"20241125072636","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Seattle Opera","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Seattle_Opera","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q7442146","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q7442146","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-09-20T05:13:44Z","dateModified":"2017-09-24T21:31:04Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/de\/Seattle_Opera_logo.svg","headline":"opera company in Seattle, Washington, U.S."}</script> </body> </html>