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</div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Norman Armour</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Norman Armour</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Norman_Armour.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Norman_Armour.jpg/220px-Norman_Armour.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Norman_Armour.jpg/330px-Norman_Armour.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Norman_Armour.jpg/440px-Norman_Armour.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1096" data-file-height="1536" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_Haiti" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to Haiti">United States Ambassador to <span class="nowrap">Haiti</span></a> </th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />July 25, 1932 – March 21, 1935</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Hoover" title="Herbert Hoover">Herbert Hoover</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dana_G._Munro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dana G. Munro (page does not exist)">Dana G. Munro</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_A._Gordon" title="George A. Gordon">George A. Gordon</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to Canada">United States Ambassador to <span class="nowrap">Canada</span></a> </th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />August 7, 1935 – January 15, 1939</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Warren_Delano_Robbins" title="Warren Delano Robbins">Warren Delano Robbins</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Calhoun_Roper" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel Calhoun Roper">Daniel Calhoun Roper</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to Chile">United States Ambassador to <span class="nowrap">Chile</span></a> </th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />April 21, 1938 – June 10, 1939</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/James_B._Cunningham" title="James B. Cunningham">James B. Cunningham</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Claude_G._Bowers" title="Claude G. Bowers">Claude G. Bowers</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_Argentina" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to Argentina">United States Ambassador to <span class="nowrap">Argentina</span></a> </th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />May 18, 1939 – June 29, 1944</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_W._Weddell" title="Alexander W. Weddell">Alexander W. Weddell</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Spruille_Braden" title="Spruille Braden">Spruille Braden</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to Spain">United States Ambassador to <span class="nowrap">Spain</span></a> </th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />December 15, 1944 – December 1, 1945</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Carlton_J._H._Hayes" title="Carlton J. H. Hayes">Carlton J. H. Hayes</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Philip_W._Bonsal" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip W. Bonsal">Philip W. Bonsal</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_Venezuela" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to Venezuela">United States Ambassador to <span class="nowrap">Venezuela</span></a> </th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />December 7, 1950 – October 2, 1951</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Harry_S._Truman" title="Harry S. Truman">Harry S. Truman</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Walter_J._Donnelly" title="Walter J. Donnelly">Walter J. Donnelly</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fletcher_Warren&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fletcher Warren (page does not exist)">Fletcher Warren</a></td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_Guatemala" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to Guatemala">United States Ambassador to <span class="nowrap">Guatemala</span></a> </th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />October 18, 1954 – May 9, 1955</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left">President</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dwight_D._Eisenhower" title="Dwight D. Eisenhower">Dwight D. Eisenhower</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/John_Emil_Peurifoy" class="mw-redirect" title="John Emil Peurifoy">John Emil Peurifoy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Edward_J._Sparks" title="Edward J. Sparks">Edward J. Sparks</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1887-10-14</span>)</span>October 14, 1887<br /><a href="/wiki/Brighton,_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Brighton, England">Brighton, England</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">September 27, 1982<span style="display:none">(1982-09-27)</span> (aged 94)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">American</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data">Democratic Party</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data">Myra Sergueievna Koudashev</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a>; <br /> <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Law_School" title="Harvard Law School">Harvard Law School</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Norman Armour</b> (October 14, 1887– September 27, 1982) was a career United States diplomat whom <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> once called "the perfect diplomat". In his long career spanning both World Wars, he served as Chief of Mission in eight countries, as Assistant Secretary of State for Political Affairs, and married into <a href="/wiki/Russian_nobility" title="Russian nobility">Russian nobility</a>. He was the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to Canada">United States Ambassador to Canada</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norman_Armour&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Armour was born in <a href="/wiki/Brighton,_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Brighton, England">Brighton, England</a>, while his parents were vacationing there.<sup id="cite_ref-NewYorkTimes_obit_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NewYorkTimes_obit-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He grew up in <a href="/wiki/Princeton,_New_Jersey" title="Princeton, New Jersey">Princeton, New Jersey</a>, and graduated from <a href="/wiki/St._Paul%27s_School_(Concord,_NH)" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Paul's School (Concord, NH)">St. Paul's School</a>, and from <a href="/wiki/Princeton_University" title="Princeton University">Princeton University</a> in 1909. In 1913, he graduated from <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Law_School" title="Harvard Law School">Harvard Law School</a>, before returning to Princeton to study diplomacy. His first posts were to <a href="/wiki/Austria" title="Austria">Austria</a> in 1912 and <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> from 1915–1916 before formally entering the Foreign Service. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russia">Russia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norman_Armour&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Russia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>One of his first assignments in the Foreign Service was as Second Secretary in the United States embassy in <a href="/wiki/Petrograd" class="mw-redirect" title="Petrograd">Petrograd</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Empire" title="Russian Empire">Russian Empire</a>, beginning in 1916 (during <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>). After the collapse of Czarist Russia, the <a href="/wiki/Bolshevik" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolshevik">Bolsheviks</a> seized control of the government and signed the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Brest-Litovsk" title="Treaty of Brest-Litovsk">Treaty of Brest-Litovsk</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Central_powers" class="mw-redirect" title="Central powers">Central powers</a>, which marked their exit from World War I. (These events precipitated the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Civil_War" title="Russian Civil War">Russian Civil War</a> which would lead to the formation of the <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a> in 1922.) Prior to the formal signing of the treaty, the United States partially evacuated their embassy, but Armour remained as part of the limited staff. On July 25, the Russian authorities ordered the diplomats out of Petrograd and a new <a href="/wiki/Legation" title="Legation">legation</a> was set up in <a href="/wiki/Vologda" title="Vologda">Vologda</a>. The <a href="/wiki/North_Russia_Campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="North Russia Campaign">North Russia Campaign</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Allied_Intervention_in_the_Russian_Civil_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Allied Intervention in the Russian Civil War">Allied Intervention in the Russian Civil War</a>, further destabilized the situation and resulted in the legation becoming essentially under siege. (The Russian army had already attacked the British consulate and killed its Attache.) At this point, the order of events for Armour becomes somewhat unclear. </p><p>According to news reports of the time, Armour was arrested and brought back to Moscow, where he and other Americans (diplomats and otherwise) were allowed to flee the country on August 26, by train to Sweden, arriving on September 5. Later, it was revealed that Armour had during this period used a fake Norwegian passport and, disguised as a courier, sneaked back into Petrograd and arranged for <a href="/wiki/Russian_nobility" title="Russian nobility">Princess</a> Myra Koudashev of Petrograd to escape the country. Contrary to the contemporary reports, his obituary in the New York Times also says that he did not travel in the refugee train from Moscow, but rather escaped himself to Finland, still disguised as a courier, where he caught up with them. </p><p>On November 2, shortly after they arrived back in the United States, the two announced their engagement. They were married February 2, 1919 in <a href="/wiki/Brussels,_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Brussels, Belgium">Brussels, Belgium</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Russian_background_of_Mrs._Armour">Russian background of Mrs. Armour</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norman_Armour&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Russian background of Mrs. Armour"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Née Myra Sergueievna Koudashev, Mrs. Armour was a daughter of a first marriage of Tatar Prince Serguey Vladimirovich Kudashev, to a Russian Countess of the Nieroth family, being born in <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a>, 7 April 1895. </p><p>Over the following years, diplomat Armour served in a number of embassies and consulates, including those in <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Netherlands" class="mw-redirect" title="The Netherlands">The Netherlands</a>, <a href="/wiki/Uruguay" title="Uruguay">Uruguay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a>, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">United States Department of State</a> (1922–1924), <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> (1925–1928), and <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a> (1928–1932). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="France">France</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norman_Armour&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: France"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1929, after the death of <a href="/wiki/Myron_T._Herrick" title="Myron T. Herrick">Myron T. Herrick</a> on March 31, 1929, Armour was made <a href="/wiki/Charg%C3%A9_d%27affaires" title="Chargé d'affaires">Chargé d'affaires</a> and Head of the Embassy in Paris until the selection of a replacement. This was Armour's first time as Chief of Mission. He was also an extremely popular social figure in France and he and his wife were often written about in American newspapers, flaunting the Parisian high life. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Haiti">Haiti</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norman_Armour&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Haiti"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1932, Armour was assigned as Minister to <a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a> in the Caribbean. His primary responsibility was to work toward returning the government of the country to native hands at the conclusion of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_occupation_of_Ha%C3%AFti_(1915-1934)" class="mw-redirect" title="United States occupation of Haïti (1915-1934)">United States occupation of Haiti</a>. The Occupation had been in effect since July 1915 when U.S. Marines landed at Port au Prince.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was selected for the position due to his fluency in French, but also as a sign to the Haitians that the United States would put a well-respected diplomat in their country. On August 7, 1933, Armour signed a treaty with Haitian Foreign Minister, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Albert_Blanchett&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Albert Blanchett (page does not exist)">Albert Blanchett</a> in which the U.S. agreed "to return government functions to the Haitians by October 1944 and to withdraw the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marines" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Marines">United States Marines</a> stationed there by November 1944." The plan succeeded ahead of schedule, as the Marines left the country on August 14, 1934.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Canada">Canada</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norman_Armour&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Canada"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FreeTradeAgreement1935.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/FreeTradeAgreement1935.jpg/220px-FreeTradeAgreement1935.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/FreeTradeAgreement1935.jpg/330px-FreeTradeAgreement1935.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/FreeTradeAgreement1935.jpg/440px-FreeTradeAgreement1935.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="495" /></a><figcaption>Armour, behind Prime Minister <a href="/wiki/Mackenzie_King" class="mw-redirect" title="Mackenzie King">Mackenzie King</a> during the signing of the United States-Canada Trade Agreement in 1935.</figcaption></figure> <p>After the death in office of <a href="/wiki/Warren_Delano_Robbins" title="Warren Delano Robbins">Warren Delano Robbins</a>, Armour was made Minister to <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>. His appointment to Canada so soon after his success in Haiti was meant to underscore Canada's importance to the United States, according to the <i>New York Times</i>. </p><p>During his time in Canada, the State Department banned marriages between diplomatic personnel and the citizens of foreign countries they served due to potential <a href="/wiki/Conflict_of_interest" title="Conflict of interest">conflict of interest</a> problems. Though there were at this time 122 diplomats who had taken foreign wives, Armour's high-profile relationship with his highborn Russian wife and the way in which they were engaged were commonly cited by the press on both sides of the issue. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chile_and_Argentina">Chile and Argentina</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norman_Armour&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Chile and Argentina"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1938, Armour was appointed as <a href="/wiki/US_ambassador_to_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="US ambassador to Chile">Ambassador to Chile</a>, was a post in which he served relatively uneventfully. </p><p>The following year, he was appointed as Ambassador to <a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina">Argentina</a>, as the <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a> was heating up. During this period, Armour worked to negotiate better trade relations with these South American countries, and, once the United States entered the war, to apply pressure on them to not support the <a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis powers</a>. One of the provisions of the treaty that he helped negotiate essentially cut off the supply of <a href="/wiki/Tungsten" title="Tungsten">tungsten</a>, essential for steels in armored tanks and in electrical lamps, to Japan from Argentina. Imports from that country to Japan accounted for half of that country's supply. However, Argentina refused to budge off key issues and remained ostensibly neutral. </p><p>In 1941, Armour was made honorary director of the first <a href="/wiki/Pan-American_Games" class="mw-redirect" title="Pan-American Games">Pan-American Games</a>, which were to be held in 1942, but were called off due to the war. </p><p>Near the end of the war, on January 26, 1944, Argentina finally caved to pressure from Britain and the United States and broke ties with the Axis powers. However, almost immediately after this, General <a href="/wiki/Edelmiro_Juli%C3%A1n_Farrell" title="Edelmiro Julián Farrell">Edelmiro Julián Farrell</a> seized power in a coup from <a href="/wiki/President_of_Argentina" title="President of Argentina">President</a> General <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Pablo_Ram%C3%ADrez" title="Pedro Pablo Ramírez">Pedro Pablo Ramírez</a>. </p><p>Both generals closely backed General <a href="/wiki/Juan_Domingo_Per%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Juan Domingo Perón">Juan Domingo Perón</a>, their successor from June 1946 to July 1974, who was President in three different periods: 1946–1952; 1952–1955 until a military coup ousted him; and from September 1973, after 18 years in exile, to 1 July 1974 when he died. </p><p>As a result of this turmoil, the United States refused to recognize the legitimacy of the new government. Armour was ordered to remain in Argentina, but not to officially establish relations of any kind with the new government until a list of conditions were met. The United States officially suspended relations with the country on March 3, 1944, believing that the coup was backed by pro-Axis groups. Armour was officially recalled on June 27, 1944. </p><p>After his recall, Armour was made acting Chief of the Department of Latin American Affairs, now probably integrated under the <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Western_Hemisphere_Affairs" title="Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs">Bureau of Western Hemisphere Affairs</a> in the State Department, until his appointment the following year, on 15 December 1944, to Spain, presenting his credentials three and a half months later, on March 24, 1945. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Spain_and_retirement">Spain and retirement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norman_Armour&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Spain and retirement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Spain, Armour continued to apply pressure on the government of <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Franco" title="Francisco Franco">Francisco Franco</a> due in part to its support of the Axis powers during the Second World War. On his retirement on November 29, 1945 (formally, 1 December 1945), only 8 months afterwards, the United States further isolated Spain by refusing to send another ambassador until 1951. </p><p>A resolution of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a>, document 32(I) 9 February 1946, commended General Franco's regimen, stating: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>... the actual Spanish Government, founded through the help of the powers of the Axis, not possessing, in view of his origins, nature, historical and the intimate association with the agreeing States, the conditions justifying his admission ...</p></blockquote><p> in Spanish: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>. ... El actual gobierno español, el cual habiendo sido fundado con el apoyo de las potencias del Eje, no posee, en vistas de sus orígenes, su naturaleza, su historial y su íntima asociación con los Estados agresores, las condiciones que justifiquen su admisión.</p></blockquote> <p>During the period from December 1945 to March 1951, the U.S. embassy remained open with a succession of Chargé d'Affaires, namely <a href="/wiki/Philip_W._Bonsal" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip W. Bonsal">Philip W. Bonsal</a> from March 1946 to June 1947, Paul T. Culbertson from June 1947 to December 1952, and <a href="/wiki/Stanton_Griffis" title="Stanton Griffis">Stanton Griffis</a>. </p><p>The later Chargé d'Áffaires was appointed on February 1, 1951 again as an Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary presenting his credentials on March 1, 1951, just one month after his appointment, but he relinquished the charge on January 28, 1952, 11 months later. </p><p>In 1947, Armour came out of retirement to serve as Assistant Secretary of State of Political Affairs under <a href="/wiki/George_C._Marshall" title="George C. Marshall">George C. Marshall</a>. On July 15, 1948, he retired for a second time. In 1950, Armour was asked out of retirement again to serve as Ambassador to <a href="/wiki/Venezuela" title="Venezuela">Venezuela</a>. In 1954, he came out of retirement again to serve as Ambassador to <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a>, a post he only served in for seven months. </p><p>According to an interview in 1976, Armour indicated that he was proudest of his work in 1954, protesting <a href="/wiki/Joseph_R._McCarthy" class="mw-redirect" title="Joseph R. McCarthy">Joseph R. McCarthy</a>'s attacks on the members of the Foreign Service who were suspected of connivance with communism during the ongoing <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a>, in his February 9, 1950 Wheeling Speech on <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Day" class="mw-redirect" title="Lincoln Day">Lincoln Day</a> to the Republican Women's Club of <a href="/wiki/Wheeling,_West_Virginia" title="Wheeling, West Virginia">Wheeling, West Virginia</a>. </p><p>With a Russian wife, no matter whether she was an exiled Tsarist times aristocrat descending from Tatar Princes settled at the Saint Petersburg corridors of power centuries before, there were grounds for deep suspicions, and as a <a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a> member of the Democratic Party under Democrat Presidents <a href="/wiki/Franklin_D._Roosevelt" title="Franklin D. Roosevelt">Franklin D. Roosevelt</a> and Harry S. Truman. </p><p>Armour died in 1982 and was buried in Princeton Cemetery. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norman_Armour&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table width="100%"> <tbody><tr valign="top"> <td> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1">"Allied Ambassadors Still In Petrograd". <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. February 26, 1918. p. 2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Allied+Ambassadors+Still+In+Petrograd&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1918-02-26&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorman+Armour" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Bolsheviki Regime Practically at War With Allied Powers". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Atlanta_Constitution" class="mw-redirect" title="The Atlanta Constitution">The Atlanta Constitution</a></i>. August 15, 1918. p. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlanta+Constitution&rft.atitle=Bolsheviki+Regime+Practically+at+War+With+Allied+Powers&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1918-08-15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorman+Armour" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Americans Flee From Bolsheviki". <i>The Atlanta Constitution</i>. September 8, 1918. p. 3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlanta+Constitution&rft.atitle=Americans+Flee+From+Bolsheviki&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1918-09-08&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorman+Armour" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Story of Allied Consuls' Withdrawal From Russia Bares Bolshevik Threats". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a></i>. September 15, 1918. p. 17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Story+of+Allied+Consuls%27+Withdrawal+From+Russia+Bares+Bolshevik+Threats&rft.pages=17&rft.date=1918-09-15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorman+Armour" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"To Wed Russian Princess". <i>The New York Times</i>. November 2, 1918. p. 15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=To+Wed+Russian+Princess&rft.pages=15&rft.date=1918-11-02&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorman+Armour" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Embassy Secretary Back from Russia". <i>The New York Times</i>. November 6, 1918. p. 24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Embassy+Secretary+Back+from+Russia&rft.pages=24&rft.date=1918-11-06&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorman+Armour" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Marriage Announcement". <i>The New York Times</i>. February 3, 1919. p. 15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Marriage+Announcement&rft.pages=15&rft.date=1919-02-03&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorman+Armour" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Hoover Appoints Norman Armour Envoy to Haiti". <i><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Daily_Tribune" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicago Daily Tribune">Chicago Daily Tribune</a></i>. August 14, 1932. p. 3.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Daily+Tribune&rft.atitle=Hoover+Appoints+Norman+Armour+Envoy+to+Haiti&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1932-08-14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorman+Armour" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Armour Appointed Minister to Haiti". <i>The New York Times</i>. August 14, 1932. p. 14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Armour+Appointed+Minister+to+Haiti&rft.pages=14&rft.date=1932-08-14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorman+Armour" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Treaty Signed with Haiti for Marines' Withdrawal". <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>. August 8, 1933. p. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Treaty+Signed+with+Haiti+for+Marines%27+Withdrawal&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1933-08-08&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorman+Armour" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Our Minister to Canada". <i>The New York Times</i>. May 22, 1935. p. 18.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Our+Minister+to+Canada&rft.pages=18&rft.date=1935-05-22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorman+Armour" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Armour Gets Games Post". <i>The New York Times</i>. September 14, 1941. p. S8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Armour+Gets+Games+Post&rft.pages=S8&rft.date=1941-09-14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorman+Armour" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCortesi1941" class="citation news cs1">Cortesi, Arnaldo (November 28, 1941). "Argentina Sells U.S. All Tungsten". <i>The New York Times</i>. p. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Argentina+Sells+U.S.+All+Tungsten&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1941-11-28&rft.aulast=Cortesi&rft.aufirst=Arnaldo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorman+Armour" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"U.S. to Hold Up Recognition of Argentina Chief". <i>Los Angeles Times</i>. March 5, 1944. p. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=U.S.+to+Hold+Up+Recognition+of+Argentina+Chief&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1944-03-05&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorman+Armour" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Recall Armour in New Blow at Argentine Rule". <i>Chicago Daily Tribune</i>. June 28, 1944. p. 8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Daily+Tribune&rft.atitle=Recall+Armour+in+New+Blow+at+Argentine+Rule&rft.pages=8&rft.date=1944-06-28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorman+Armour" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Armour New Head of U.S. Latin Bureau". <i>The New York Times</i>. July 19, 1944. p. 10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Armour+New+Head+of+U.S.+Latin+Bureau&rft.pages=10&rft.date=1944-07-19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorman+Armour" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Armour Quits Post Today". <i>The New York Times</i>. December 1, 1945. p. 2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Armour+Quits+Post+Today&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1945-12-01&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorman+Armour" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Norman Armour Named Assistant Secretary of State". <i>Chicago Daily Tribune</i>. June 10, 1947. p. 33.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Daily+Tribune&rft.atitle=Norman+Armour+Named+Assistant+Secretary+of+State&rft.pages=33&rft.date=1947-06-10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorman+Armour" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Norman Armour Retires Again". <i>The New York Times</i>. July 16, 1948. p. 8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Norman+Armour+Retires+Again&rft.pages=8&rft.date=1948-07-16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorman+Armour" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrebs1982" class="citation news cs1">Krebs, Alvin (September 29, 1982). "Norman Armour, 94, Dies". <i>The New York Times</i>. p. D26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Norman+Armour%2C+94%2C+Dies&rft.pages=D26&rft.date=1982-09-29&rft.aulast=Krebs&rft.aufirst=Alvin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorman+Armour" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-NewYorkTimes_obit-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-NewYorkTimes_obit_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrebs" class="citation web cs1">Krebs, Albin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1982/09/29/obituaries/norman-armour-94-dies-served-as-an-assistant-secretary-of-state.html">"NORMAN ARMOUR, 94, DIES; SERVED AS AN ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF STATE"</a>. <i>New York Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 22,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+York+Times&rft.atitle=NORMAN+ARMOUR%2C+94%2C+DIES%3B+SERVED+AS+AN+ASSISTANT+SECRETARY+OF+STATE&rft.aulast=Krebs&rft.aufirst=Albin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1982%2F09%2F29%2Fobituaries%2Fnorman-armour-94-dies-served-as-an-assistant-secretary-of-state.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorman+Armour" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMunro1969" class="citation journal cs1">Munro, Dana G. (1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2511314">"The American Withdrawal from Haiti, 1929-1934"</a>. <i>Hispanic American Review</i>. <b>49</b> (1): 2.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hispanic+American+Review&rft.atitle=The+American+Withdrawal+from+Haiti%2C+1929-1934&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Munro&rft.aufirst=Dana+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2511314&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorman+Armour" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMunro1969" class="citation journal cs1">Munro, Dana G. (1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/2511314">"The American Withdrawal from Haiti, 1929-1934"</a>. <i>Hispanic American Review</i>. <b>49</b> (1): 24–25<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 17,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hispanic+American+Review&rft.atitle=The+American+Withdrawal+from+Haiti%2C+1929-1934&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=24-25&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Munro&rft.aufirst=Dana+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F2511314&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorman+Armour" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norman_Armour&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arks.princeton.edu/ark:/88435/n870zq81v">Norman Armour Papers at the Seeley G. Mudd Manuscript Library, Princeton University</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/6443765">Norman Armour</a> at <a href="/wiki/Find_a_Grave" title="Find a Grave">Find a Grave</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FACEFF;">Diplomatic posts </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Myron_T._Herrick" title="Myron T. Herrick">Myron T. Herrick</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_France" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to France">United States Chargé d'Affaires <i>ad interim</i>, France</a> </b><br />1929 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Walter_E._Edge" title="Walter E. Edge">Walter E. Edge</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dana_G._Munro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dana G. Munro (page does not exist)">Dana G. Munro</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_Haiti" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to Haiti">United States Minister to Haiti</a> </b><br />1932–1935 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/George_A._Gordon" title="George A. Gordon">George A. Gordon</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Warren_Delano_Robbins" title="Warren Delano Robbins">Warren Delano Robbins</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to Canada">United States Minister to Canada</a> </b><br />1935–1938 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_C._Roper" title="Daniel C. Roper">Daniel C. Roper</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Hoffman_Philip" title="Hoffman Philip">Hoffman Philip</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_Chile" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to Chile">United States Ambassador to Chile</a> </b><br />21 April 1938–10 June 1939 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Claude_G._Bowers" title="Claude G. Bowers">Claude G. Bowers</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_W._Weddell" title="Alexander W. Weddell">Alexander W. Weddell</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_Argentina" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to Argentina">United States Ambassador to Argentina</a> </b><br />19 June 1939–29 June 1944 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Spruille_Braden" title="Spruille Braden">Spruille Braden</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Carlton_J._H._Hayes" title="Carlton J. H. Hayes">Carlton J. H. Hayes</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to Spain">United States Ambassador to Spain</a> </b><br />1945 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Stanton_Griffis" title="Stanton Griffis">Stanton Griffis</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Walter_J._Donnelly" title="Walter J. Donnelly">Walter J. Donnelly</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_Venezuela" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to Venezuela">United States Ambassador to Venezuela</a> </b><br />7 December 1950–2 October 1951 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fletcher_Warren&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fletcher Warren (page does not exist)">Fletcher Warren</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/John_Peurifoy" title="John Peurifoy">John Peurifoy</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Ambassador_to_Guatemala" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Ambassador to Guatemala">United States Ambassador to Guatemala</a> </b><br />October 18, 1954 – May 9, 1955 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Edward_J._Sparks" title="Edward J. Sparks">Edward J. Sparks</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg/46px-Flag_of_Canada_%28Pantone%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/William_Phillips_(diplomat)" title="William Phillips (diplomat)">Phillips</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hanford_MacNider" title="Hanford MacNider">MacNider</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a 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class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Chile" title="Chile"><img alt="Chile" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/23px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/35px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Flag_of_Chile.svg/45px-Flag_of_Chile.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minister Plenipotentiary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heman_Allen_(of_Colchester)" title="Heman Allen (of Colchester)">Allen</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:U.S._Department_of_State_official_seal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the US Department of State"><img alt="Seal of the US Department of State" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/U.S._Department_of_State_official_seal.svg/70px-U.S._Department_of_State_official_seal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/U.S._Department_of_State_official_seal.svg/105px-U.S._Department_of_State_official_seal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/U.S._Department_of_State_official_seal.svg/140px-U.S._Department_of_State_official_seal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chargé d'Affaires</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Larned" title="Samuel Larned">Larned</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_E._Hamm" title="John E. Hamm">Hamm</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Richard_Pollard_(diplomat)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Richard Pollard (diplomat) (page does not exist)">Pollard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Pendleton" title="John Pendleton">Pendleton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Crump_(diplomat)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Crump (diplomat) (page does not exist)">Crump</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seth_Barton_(attorney)" title="Seth Barton (attorney)">Barton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Envoy Extraordinary<br />and Minister Plenipotentiary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balie_Peyton" title="Balie Peyton">Peyton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_A._Starkweather" title="David A. Starkweather">Starkweather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Bigler" title="John Bigler">Bigler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_H._Nelson" title="Thomas H. Nelson">Nelson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Judson_Kilpatrick" title="Hugh Judson Kilpatrick">Kilpatrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Pomeroy_Root" title="Joseph Pomeroy Root">Root</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Ambrose_Logan" title="Cornelius Ambrose Logan">Logan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Osborn" title="Thomas A. Osborn">Osborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Judson_Kilpatrick" title="Hugh Judson Kilpatrick">Kilpatrick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_Ambrose_Logan" title="Cornelius Ambrose Logan">Logan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_R._Roberts" title="William R. Roberts">Roberts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patrick_Egan_(activist)" title="Patrick Egan (activist)">Egan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_D._Porter" title="James D. Porter">Porter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Henry_Strobel" title="Edward Henry Strobel">Strobel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Lane_Wilson" title="Henry Lane Wilson">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Hicks_(diplomat)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John Hicks (diplomat) (page does not exist)">Hicks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cleland_Dawson" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Cleland Dawson">Dawson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_P._Fletcher" title="Henry P. Fletcher">Fletcher</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ambassador Extraordinary<br />and Plenipotentiary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Henry_P._Fletcher" title="Henry P. Fletcher">Fletcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Hooker_Shea" title="Joseph Hooker Shea">Shea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Miller_Collier" title="William Miller Collier">Collier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Smith_Culbertson" class="mw-redirect" title="William Smith Culbertson">Culbertson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hal_H._Sevier" title="Hal H. Sevier">Sevier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoffman_Philip" title="Hoffman Philip">Philip</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Armour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Bowers" class="mw-redirect" title="Claude Bowers">Bowers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willard_L._Beaulac" title="Willard L. Beaulac">Beaulac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cecil_B._Lyon" title="Cecil B. Lyon">Lyon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Howe" title="Walter Howe">Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Woodward" title="Robert F. Woodward">Woodward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_W._Cole" title="Charles W. Cole">Cole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ralph_A._Dungan" title="Ralph A. Dungan">Dungan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_M._Korry" title="Edward M. Korry">Korry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Davis" title="Nathaniel Davis">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_H._Popper" title="David H. Popper">Popper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Landau" title="George W. Landau">Landau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_D._Theberge" title="James D. Theberge">Theberge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_G._Barnes_Jr." title="Harry G. Barnes Jr.">Barnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_A._Gillespie_Jr." title="Charles A. Gillespie Jr.">Gillespie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtis_Warren_Kamman" title="Curtis Warren Kamman">Kamman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Guerra-Mondrag%C3%B3n" title="Gabriel Guerra-Mondragón">Guerra-Mondragón</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_O%27Leary_(ambassador)" title="John O'Leary (ambassador)">O'Leary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Brownfield" class="mw-redirect" title="William Brownfield">Brownfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Craig_A._Kelly" title="Craig A. Kelly">Kelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_E._Simons" title="Paul E. Simons">Simons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alejandro_Daniel_Wolff" title="Alejandro Daniel Wolff">Wolff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_A._Hammer" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael A. Hammer">Hammer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_Z._Perez" title="Carol Z. Perez">Perez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernadette_Meehan" title="Bernadette Meehan">Meehan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_United_States_ambassadors_to_Argentina_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Argentina&#124;link=Argentina" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_Ambassadors_to_Argentina" title="Template:US Ambassadors to Argentina"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_Ambassadors_to_Argentina" title="Template talk:US Ambassadors to Argentina"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_Ambassadors_to_Argentina" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US Ambassadors to Argentina"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_United_States_ambassadors_to_Argentina_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Argentina&#124;link=Argentina" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_States_to_Argentina" title="List of ambassadors of the United States to Argentina">United States ambassadors to Argentina</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Argentina" title="Argentina"><img alt="Argentina" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/23px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/35px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_Argentina.svg/46px-Flag_of_Argentina.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chargé d'Affaires</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caesar_Augustus_Rodney" title="Caesar Augustus Rodney">Rodney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Murray_Forbes_(diplomat)" title="John Murray Forbes (diplomat)">Forbes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Baylies" title="Francis Baylies">Baylies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Brent_Jr." title="William Brent Jr.">Brent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Alexander_Harris_(Virginia_politician)" title="William Alexander Harris (Virginia politician)">Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Pendleton" title="John Pendleton">Pendleton</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:U.S._Department_of_State_official_seal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the US Department of State"><img alt="Seal of the US Department of State" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/U.S._Department_of_State_official_seal.svg/70px-U.S._Department_of_State_official_seal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/U.S._Department_of_State_official_seal.svg/105px-U.S._Department_of_State_official_seal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/U.S._Department_of_State_official_seal.svg/140px-U.S._Department_of_State_official_seal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Minister Resident</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=James_A._Peden&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="James A. Peden (page does not exist)">Peden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Cudworth_Yancey_Jr." title="Benjamin Cudworth Yancey Jr.">Yancey</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_F._Cushman&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="John F. Cushman (page does not exist)">Cushman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_M._Palmer" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert M. Palmer">Palmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_C._Kirk" title="Robert C. Kirk">Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Asboth" title="Alexander Asboth">Asboth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_G._Worthington" title="Henry G. Worthington">Worthington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_C._Kirk" title="Robert C. Kirk">Kirk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_White" title="Julius White">White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_O._Osborn" title="Thomas O. Osborn">Osborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bayless_W._Hanna" title="Bayless W. Hanna">Hanna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Envoy Extraordinary<br />and Minister Plenipotentiary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bayless_W._Hanna" title="Bayless W. Hanna">Hanna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_R._G._Pitkin" title="John R. G. Pitkin">Pitkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_I._Buchanan" title="William I. Buchanan">Buchanan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Paine_Lord" title="William Paine Lord">Lord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Barrett_(diplomat)" title="John Barrett (diplomat)">Barrett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_M._Beaupre" title="Arthur M. Beaupre">Beaupre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spencer_F._Eddy" title="Spencer F. Eddy">Eddy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_H._Sherrill_(ambassador)" title="Charles H. Sherrill (ambassador)">Sherrill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Garrett_(diplomat)" title="John W. Garrett (diplomat)">Garrett</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ambassador Extraordinary<br />and Plenipotentiary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frederic_Jesup_Stimson" title="Frederic Jesup Stimson">Stimson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Riddle" title="John W. Riddle">Riddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Augustus_Jay_(diplomat)" title="Peter Augustus Jay (diplomat)">Jay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Woods_Bliss" title="Robert Woods Bliss">Bliss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_W._Weddell" title="Alexander W. Weddell">Weddell</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Armour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spruille_Braden" title="Spruille Braden">Braden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_S._Messersmith" title="George S. Messersmith">Messersmith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Cabell_Bruce" title="James Cabell Bruce">Bruce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanton_Griffis" title="Stanton Griffis">Griffis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellsworth_Bunker" title="Ellsworth Bunker">Bunker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_F._Nufer" title="Albert F. Nufer">Nufer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willard_L._Beaulac" title="Willard L. Beaulac">Beaulac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_R._Rubottom_Jr." title="Roy R. Rubottom Jr.">Rubottom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_M._McClintock" title="Robert M. McClintock">McClintock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_M._Martin" title="Edwin M. Martin">Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carter_L._Burgess" title="Carter L. Burgess">Burgess</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Davis_Lodge" title="John Davis Lodge">Lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_C._Hill" title="Robert C. Hill">Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%BAl_H%C3%A9ctor_Castro" title="Raúl Héctor Castro">Castro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_W._Shlaudeman" title="Harry W. Shlaudeman">Shlaudeman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_V._Ortiz_Jr." title="Frank V. Ortiz Jr.">Ortiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theodore_E._Gildred" title="Theodore E. Gildred">Gildred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terence_Todman" title="Terence Todman">Todman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Richard_Cheek" title="James Richard Cheek">Cheek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ronald_D._Godard" title="Ronald D. Godard">Godard</a> <small>(a.i.)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manuel_Rocha" title="Manuel Rocha">Rocha</a> <small>(a.i.)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Donald_Walsh" title="James Donald Walsh">Walsh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lino_Gutierrez" title="Lino Gutierrez">Gutierrez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Anthony_Wayne" title="Earl Anthony Wayne">Wayne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilma_Socorro_Mart%C3%ADnez" title="Vilma Socorro Martínez">Martínez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah_Mamet" title="Noah Mamet">Mamet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_C._Prado" title="Edward C. Prado">Prado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MaryKay_Carlson" title="MaryKay Carlson">Carlson</a> <small>(a.i.)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marc_Stanley" title="Marc Stanley">Stanley</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_ambassadors_to_Haiti" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_Ambassador_to_Haiti" title="Template:US Ambassador to Haiti"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_Ambassador_to_Haiti" title="Template talk:US Ambassador to Haiti"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_Ambassador_to_Haiti" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US Ambassador to Haiti"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_ambassadors_to_Haiti" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_States_to_Haiti" title="List of ambassadors of the United States to Haiti">United States ambassadors to Haiti</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Benjamin_F._Whidden" title="Benjamin F. Whidden">Whidden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_E._Peck" title="Henry E. Peck">Peck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gideon_Hiram_Hollister" title="Gideon Hiram Hollister">Hollister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ebenezer_Bassett" title="Ebenezer Bassett">Bassett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Mercer_Langston" title="John Mercer Langston">Langston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Washington_Williams" title="George Washington Williams">Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_E._W._Thompson" title="John E. W. Thompson">Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Douglass" title="Frederick Douglass">Douglass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_S._Durham_(ambassador)" class="mw-redirect" title="John S. Durham (ambassador)">Durham</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henry_M._Smythe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henry M. Smythe (page does not exist)">Smythe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Frank_Powell" title="William Frank Powell">Powell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_W._Furniss" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry W. Furniss">Furniss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison_Roswell_Smith" class="mw-redirect" title="Madison Roswell Smith">Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Bailly-Blanchard" title="Arthur Bailly-Blanchard">Bailly-Blanchard</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/James_Clement_Dunn" title="James Clement Dunn">Dunn</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_R._Merrell&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="George R. Merrell (page does not exist)">Merrell</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christian_Gross_(diplomat)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Christian Gross (diplomat) (page does not exist)">Gross</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stuart_E._Grummon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stuart E. Grummon (page does not exist)">Grummon</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dana_G._Munro&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dana G. Munro (page does not exist)">Munro</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Armour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_A._Gordon" title="George A. Gordon">Gordon</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_L._Mayer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ferdinand L. Mayer (page does not exist)">Mayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Campbell_White_(diplomat)" title="John Campbell White (diplomat)">White</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orme_Wilson&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orme Wilson (page does not exist)">Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_H._Tittmann_Jr." title="Harold H. Tittmann Jr.">Tittman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_E._DeCourcy&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William E. DeCourcy (page does not exist)">DeCourcy</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Howard_K._Travers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Howard K. Travers (page does not exist)">Travers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_T._Davis" title="Roy T. Davis">Davis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_A._Drew" title="Gerald A. Drew">Drew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Newbegin_II" title="Robert Newbegin II">Newbegin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Raymond_L._Thurston&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Raymond L. Thurston (page does not exist)">Thurston</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Benson_E._L._Timmons_III&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Benson E. L. Timmons III (page does not exist)">Timmons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_G._Ross" title="Claude G. Ross">Ross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinton_E._Knox" title="Clinton E. Knox">Knox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heyward_Isham" title="Heyward Isham">Isham</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=William_B._Jones_(diplomat)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William B. Jones (diplomat) (page does not exist)">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_L._Kimelman" title="Henry L. Kimelman">Kimelman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Preeg" title="Ernest Preeg">Preeg</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clayton_E._McManaway_Jr.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clayton E. McManaway Jr. (page does not exist)">McManaway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brunson_McKinley" title="Brunson McKinley">McKinley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alvin_P._Adams_Jr." title="Alvin P. Adams Jr.">Adams</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Leslie_M._Alexander" title="Leslie M. Alexander">Alexander</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vicki_J._Huddleston" title="Vicki J. Huddleston">Huddleston</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_L._Swing" title="William L. Swing">Swing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timothy_M._Carney" title="Timothy M. Carney">Carney</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brian_Dean_Curran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brian Dean Curran (page does not exist)">Curran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Brendan_Foley" title="James Brendan Foley">Foley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Janet_A._Sanderson" title="Janet A. Sanderson">Sanderson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_H._Merten" title="Kenneth H. Merten">Merten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamela_White" title="Pamela White">White</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Peter_Mulrean&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peter Mulrean (page does not exist)">Mulrean</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Brian_W._Shukan" title="Brian W. Shukan">Shukan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Robin_Diallo" title="Robin Diallo">Diallo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michele_J._Sison" title="Michele J. Sison">Sison</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_H._Merten" title="Kenneth H. Merten">Merten</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gregory_T._Kendrick&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gregory T. Kendrick (page does not exist)">Kendrick</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eric_Stromayer" title="Eric Stromayer">Stromayer</a></i></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:U.S._Department_of_State_official_seal.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seal of the US Department of State"><img alt="Seal of the US Department of State" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/U.S._Department_of_State_official_seal.svg/70px-U.S._Department_of_State_official_seal.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/U.S._Department_of_State_official_seal.svg/105px-U.S._Department_of_State_official_seal.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/U.S._Department_of_State_official_seal.svg/140px-U.S._Department_of_State_official_seal.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_States&#124;link=United_States_United_States_ambassadors_to_Spain_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Spain&#124;link=Spain" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:US_Ambassadors_to_Spain" title="Template:US Ambassadors to Spain"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:US_Ambassadors_to_Spain" title="Template talk:US Ambassadors to Spain"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:US_Ambassadors_to_Spain" title="Special:EditPage/Template:US Ambassadors to Spain"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=United_States&#124;link=United_States_United_States_ambassadors_to_Spain_23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Spain&#124;link=Spain" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States"><img alt="United States" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_ambassadors_of_the_United_States_to_Spain" title="List of ambassadors of the United States to Spain">United States ambassadors to Spain</a> <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ministers Plenipotentiary<br />to Spain<br />(1779–1825)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_Jay" title="John Jay">Jay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Carmichael_(diplomat)" title="William Carmichael (diplomat)">Carmichael</a> <small>(<i>chargé d'affaires</i>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Short_(American_ambassador)" title="William Short (American ambassador)">Short</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Humphreys_(soldier)" title="David Humphreys (soldier)">Humphreys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Pinckney_(governor)" title="Charles Pinckney (governor)">Pinckney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Erving" title="George W. Erving">Erving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_W._Erving" title="George W. Erving">Erving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Forsyth_(politician)" title="John Forsyth (politician)">Forsyth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Nelson_(American_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hugh Nelson (American politician)">Nelson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Envoy Extraordinary and<br />Minister Plenipotentiary <br />to Spain<br />(1825–1913)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hill_Everett" title="Alexander Hill Everett">Everett</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornelius_P._Van_Ness" title="Cornelius P. Van Ness">Van Ness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Eaton_(politician)" title="John Eaton (politician)">Eaton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Vail" title="Aaron Vail">Vail</a> <small>(<i>chargé d'affaires</i>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Irving" title="Washington Irving">Irving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romulus_Mitchell_Saunders" class="mw-redirect" title="Romulus Mitchell Saunders">Saunders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Moreau_Barringer" title="Daniel Moreau Barringer">Barringer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Soul%C3%A9" title="Pierre Soulé">Soulé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_C._Dodge" title="Augustus C. Dodge">Dodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Preston_(Kentucky_soldier)" title="William Preston (Kentucky soldier)">Preston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Schurz" title="Carl Schurz">Schurz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gustav_Koerner" title="Gustav Koerner">Koerner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_P._Hale" title="John P. Hale">Hale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Sickles" title="Daniel Sickles">Sickles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caleb_Cushing" title="Caleb Cushing">Cushing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Russell_Lowell" title="James Russell Lowell">Lowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Fairchild" title="Lucius Fairchild">Fairchild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannibal_Hamlin" title="Hannibal Hamlin">Hamlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_W._Foster" title="John W. Foster">Foster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabez_Lamar_Monroe_Curry" class="mw-redirect" title="Jabez Lamar Monroe Curry">Curry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perry_Belmont" title="Perry Belmont">Belmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_W._Palmer" title="Thomas W. Palmer">Palmer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_Burd_Grubb_Jr." title="Edward Burd Grubb Jr.">Grubb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._Loudon_Snowden" title="A. Loudon Snowden">Snowden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannis_Taylor" title="Hannis Taylor">Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stewart_L._Woodford" title="Stewart L. Woodford">Woodford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bellamy_Storer_(politician,_born_1847)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bellamy Storer (politician, born 1847)">Storer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Sherburne_Hardy" title="Arthur Sherburne Hardy">Hardy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Miller_Collier" title="William Miller Collier">Collier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Clay_Ide" title="Henry Clay Ide">Ide</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Ambassador Extraordinary<br />and Plenipotentiary<br />to Spain<br />(1913–present)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Edward_Willard" title="Joseph Edward Willard">Willard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyrus_Woods" title="Cyrus Woods">Woods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Pollock_Moore" title="Alexander Pollock Moore">Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ogden_H._Hammond" title="Ogden H. Hammond">Hammond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irwin_B._Laughlin" title="Irwin B. Laughlin">Laughlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_Bowers" class="mw-redirect" title="Claude Bowers">Bowers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._Freeman_Matthews" title="H. Freeman Matthews">Matthews</a> <small>(<i>chargé d'affaires</i>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_W._Weddell" title="Alexander W. Weddell">Weddell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlton_J._H._Hayes" title="Carlton J. H. Hayes">Hayes</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Armour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Bonsal" title="Philip Bonsal">Bonsal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_T._Culbertson" class="mw-redirect" title="Paul T. Culbertson">Culbertson</a> <small>(<i>chargé d'affaires</i>)</small></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanton_Griffis" title="Stanton Griffis">Griffis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_MacVeagh" title="Lincoln MacVeagh">MacVeagh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Clement_Dunn" title="James Clement Dunn">Dunn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Davis_Lodge" title="John Davis Lodge">Lodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Joseph_Drexel_Biddle_Jr." title="Anthony Joseph Drexel Biddle Jr.">Biddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Woodward" title="Robert F. Woodward">Woodward</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angier_Biddle_Duke" title="Angier Biddle Duke">Duke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_F._Wagner_Jr." title="Robert F. Wagner Jr.">Wagner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_C._Hill" title="Robert C. Hill">Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horacio_Rivero_Jr." title="Horacio Rivero Jr.">Rivero</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruce_Penn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bruce Penn (page does not exist)">Penn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wells_Stabler" title="Wells Stabler">Stabler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terence_Todman" title="Terence Todman">Todman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_O._Enders" title="Thomas O. Enders">Enders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reginald_Bartholomew" title="Reginald Bartholomew">Bartholomew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_Zappala" title="Joseph Zappala">Zappala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Goodwin_Capen_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="Richard Goodwin Capen Jr.">Capen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_N._Gardner" title="Richard N. Gardner">Gardner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_L._Romero" title="Edward L. Romero">Romero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Argyros" title="George Argyros">Argyros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eduardo_Aguirre_(diplomat)" title="Eduardo Aguirre (diplomat)">Aguirre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Solomont" title="Alan Solomont">Solomont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Costos" title="James Costos">Costos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duke_Buchan" title="Duke Buchan">Buchan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julissa_Reynoso_Pantale%C3%B3n" title="Julissa Reynoso Pantaleón">Pantaleón</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7051917#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7051917#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7051917#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/000000010812337X">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/160593939">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1950493/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJxMr8j3wFdgFgWBt67GpP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2010194532">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb155376251">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb155376251">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/21626522">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/095190767">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10609565">NARA</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6xp88vn">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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