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[r]" accesskey="r"><span>Ostatnie zmiany</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Strona_g%C5%82%C3%B3wna" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="wolna encyklopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-pl.svg" width="120" height="13" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Szukaj" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Przeszukaj Wikipedię [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Szukaj</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Przeszukaj Wikipedię" aria-label="Przeszukaj Wikipedię" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Przeszukaj Wikipedię [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Specjalna:Szukaj"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Szukaj</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Narzędzia osobiste"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Wygląd"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Zmień rozmiar czcionki, szerokość oraz kolorystykę strony" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wygląd" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wygląd</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_pl.wikipedia.org&uselang=pl" class=""><span>Wspomóż Wikipedię</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Utw%C3%B3rz_konto&returnto=Esplas" title="Zachęcamy do stworzenia konta i zalogowania, ale nie jest to obowiązkowe." class=""><span>Utwórz konto</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Zaloguj&returnto=Esplas" title="Zachęcamy do zalogowania się, choć nie jest to obowiązkowe. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Zaloguj się</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Więcej opcji" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Narzędzia osobiste" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Narzędzia osobiste</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu użytkownika" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_pl.wikipedia.org&uselang=pl"><span>Wspomóż Wikipedię</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Utw%C3%B3rz_konto&returnto=Esplas" title="Zachęcamy do stworzenia konta i zalogowania, ale nie jest to obowiązkowe."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Utwórz konto</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Zaloguj&returnto=Esplas" title="Zachęcamy do zalogowania się, choć nie jest to obowiązkowe. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Zaloguj się</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Strony dla anonimowych edytorów <a href="/wiki/Pomoc:Pierwsze_kroki" aria-label="Dowiedz się więcej na temat edytowania"><span>dowiedz się więcej</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:M%C3%B3j_wk%C5%82ad" title="Lista edycji wykonanych z tego adresu IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Edycje</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Moja_dyskusja" title="Dyskusja użytkownika dla tego adresu IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Dyskusja</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Witryna"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Spis treści" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Spis treści</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Początek</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Spis treści" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Przełącz stan spisu treści" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Przełącz stan spisu treści</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Esplas</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Przejdź do artykułu w innym języku. Treść dostępna w 34 językach" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-34" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">34 języki</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esplas" title="Esplas – minnański" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Esplas" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="minnański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espl%C3%A0s" title="Esplàs – kataloński" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Esplàs" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataloński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esplas" title="Esplas – cebuański" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Esplas" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esplas" title="Esplas – niemiecki" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Esplas" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="niemiecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CF%83%CF%80%CE%BB%CE%AC" title="Εσπλά – grecki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Εσπλά" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esplas" title="Esplas – angielski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Esplas" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angielski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esplas" title="Esplas – hiszpański" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Esplas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hiszpański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esplas" title="Esplas – baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Esplas" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esplas" title="Esplas – francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Esplas" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B7%D5%BD%D5%BA%D5%AC%D5%A1" title="Էսպլա – ormiański" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Էսպլա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ormiański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esplas" title="Esplas – włoski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Esplas" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="włoski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esplas" title="Esplas – łaciński" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Esplas" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="łaciński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esplas" title="Esplas – węgierski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Esplas" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="węgierski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esplas" title="Esplas – malgaski" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Esplas" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgaski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esplas" title="Esplas – malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Esplas" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esplas" title="Esplas – niderlandzki" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Esplas" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="niderlandzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Эспла – czeczeński" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Эспла" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="czeczeński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espl%C3%A0s" title="Esplàs – oksytański" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Esplàs" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="oksytański" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esplas" title="Esplas – uzbecki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Esplas" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esplas" title="Esplas – portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Esplas" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esplas" title="Esplas – rumuński" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Esplas" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumuński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Эспла – rosyjski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Эспла" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rosyjski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esplas" title="Esplas – słowacki" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Esplas" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="słowacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Еспла – serbski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Еспла" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esplas" title="Esplas – serbsko-chorwacki" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Esplas" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbsko-chorwacki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esplas" title="Esplas – szwedzki" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Esplas" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="szwedzki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Эспла – tatarski" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Эспла" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tatarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bug mw-list-item"><a href="https://bug.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esplas" title="Esplas – bugijski" lang="bug" hreflang="bug" data-title="Esplas" data-language-autonym="Basa Ugi" data-language-local-name="bugijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Ugi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81" title="Есплас – ukraiński" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Есплас" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esplas" title="Esplas – wenecki" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Esplas" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="wenecki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esplas" title="Esplas – wietnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Esplas" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="wietnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esplas" title="Esplas – waraj" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Esplas" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waraj" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esplas" title="Esplas – kantoński" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="Esplas" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantoński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%83%E6%96%AF%E6%99%AE%E6%8B%89" title="埃斯普拉 – chiński" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="埃斯普拉" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chiński" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q764023#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edytuj linki pomiędzy wersjami językowymi" class="wbc-editpage">Edytuj linki</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Przestrzenie nazw"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Esplas" title="Zobacz stronę treści [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artykuł</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dyskusja:Esplas&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Dyskusja o zawartości tej strony (strona nie istnieje) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Dyskusja</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Zmień wariant języka" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">polski</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Widok"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Esplas"><span>Czytaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esplas&veaction=edit" title="Edytuj tę stronę [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Edytuj</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esplas&action=edit" title="Edycja kodu źródłowego strony [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edytuj kod źródłowy</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esplas&action=history" title="Starsze wersje tej strony [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Wyświetl historię</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Narzędzia dla stron"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Narzędzia" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Narzędzia</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Narzędzia</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Więcej opcji" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Działania </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Esplas"><span>Czytaj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esplas&veaction=edit" title="Edytuj tę stronę [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Edytuj</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esplas&action=edit" title="Edycja kodu źródłowego strony [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edytuj kod źródłowy</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esplas&action=history"><span>Wyświetl historię</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ogólne </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Linkuj%C4%85ce/Esplas" title="Pokaż listę wszystkich stron linkujących do tej strony [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Linkujące</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Zmiany_w_linkowanych/Esplas" rel="nofollow" title="Ostatnie zmiany w stronach, do których ta strona linkuje [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Zmiany w linkowanych</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Prześlij_plik" title="Prześlij pliki [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Prześlij plik</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Specjalna:Strony_specjalne" title="Lista wszystkich stron specjalnych [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Strony specjalne</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esplas&oldid=70638145" title="Stały link do tej wersji tej strony"><span>Link do tej wersji</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esplas&action=info" title="Więcej informacji na temat tej strony"><span>Informacje o tej stronie</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Cytuj&page=Esplas&id=70638145&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informacja o tym jak należy cytować tę stronę"><span>Cytowanie tego artykułu</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Skr%C3%B3%C4%87_adres_URL&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FEsplas"><span>Zobacz skrócony adres URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Kod_QR&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpl.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FEsplas"><span>Pobierz kod QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Drukuj lub eksportuj </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:Ksi%C4%85%C5%BCka&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Esplas"><span>Utwórz książkę</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Specjalna:DownloadAsPdf&page=Esplas&action=show-download-screen"><span>Pobierz jako PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esplas&printable=yes" title="Wersja do wydruku [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Wersja do druku</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> W innych projektach </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Esplas" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q764023" title="Link do powiązanego elementu w repozytorium danych [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element Wikidanych</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Narzędzia dla stron"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Wygląd"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Wygląd</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">przypnij</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ukryj</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates" class="coordinates plainlinks">Na mapach: <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ziemia" title="Ziemia"><img alt="Ziemia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Geographylogo.svg/20px-Geographylogo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Geographylogo.svg/30px-Geographylogo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Geographylogo.svg/40px-Geographylogo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span><a class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=pl&pagename=Esplas&params=43.183333333333_N_1.5_E"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Mapy, zdjęcia satelitarne i inne informacje dotyczące miejsca o współrzędnych geograficznych 43°11′N 1°30′E"><span class="latitude">43°11′N</span> <span class="longitude">1°30′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">/</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Mapy, zdjęcia satelitarne i inne informacje dotyczące miejsca o współrzędnych geograficznych 43,183333 1,500000"><span class="latitude">43,183333</span> <span class="longitude">1,500000</span></span></span></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Z Wikipedii, wolnej encyklopedii</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pl" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox"> <caption class="naglowek"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r65781301">.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex{display:flex;justify-content:flex-start;align-items:center;gap:4px}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex>.iboxt-ikona{flex-grow:0;flex-shrink:0;font-size:7px;max-width:40px;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption>.iboxt-flex>.iboxt-tekst{flex-grow:1}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-1{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-2{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .infobox>caption .iboxt-3{font-style:italic;font-size:90%}</style><div class="iboxt-1">Esplas</div> </caption> <tbody><tr style="background:#eee; color:black; text-align:center; font-style:italic; border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <td colspan="2">miejscowość i gmina </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Pa%C5%84stwo" title="Państwo">Państwo</a> </th> <td> <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/22px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/33px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/44px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Francja" title="Francja">Francja</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Region_(Francja)" title="Region (Francja)">Region</a> </th> <td> <p><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Flag_of_R%C3%A9gion_Occitanie_%28symbol_only%29.svg/22px-Flag_of_R%C3%A9gion_Occitanie_%28symbol_only%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="22" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Flag_of_R%C3%A9gion_Occitanie_%28symbol_only%29.svg/33px-Flag_of_R%C3%A9gion_Occitanie_%28symbol_only%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Flag_of_R%C3%A9gion_Occitanie_%28symbol_only%29.svg/44px-Flag_of_R%C3%A9gion_Occitanie_%28symbol_only%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Oksytania_(region)" title="Oksytania (region)">Oksytania</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Departament_(Francja)" title="Departament (Francja)">Departament</a> </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Ari%C3%A8ge_(departament)" title="Ariège (departament)">Ariège</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Okręg </th> <td> <p><a href="/wiki/Okr%C4%99g_Pamiers" title="Okręg Pamiers">Pamiers</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Kod <a href="/wiki/Institut_national_de_la_statistique_et_des_%C3%A9tudes_%C3%A9conomiques" title="Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques">INSEE</a> </th> <td> <p>09117 </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Powierzchnia </th> <td> <p>8 km² </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="padding-bottom:0px;">Populacja <small>(1990)</small><br />• liczba ludności </th> <td style="padding-bottom:0px;"> <p><br />72 </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th style="padding-top:0px;">• gęstość </th> <td style="padding-top:0px;"> <p>9 os./km² </p> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Kod_pocztowy" title="Kod pocztowy">Kod pocztowy</a> </th> <td> <p>09700 </p> </td></tr> <tr class="infobox-locationmap" style="background-color:var(--background-color-base, #fff); color:black; text-align:center; border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);"> <td colspan="2"><div style="text-align:center;margin:0 auto;width:242px"><div style="color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);;font-weight:bold">Położenie na mapie Ariège</div><div class="mapa-lokalizacyjna"><div style="width:238px;padding:0;border:0 solid #aaa;position:relative"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Mapa lokalizacyjna Ariège"><img alt="Mapa konturowa Ariège, u góry znajduje się punkt z opisem „Esplas”" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Ari%C3%A8ge_department_location_map.svg/238px-Ari%C3%A8ge_department_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="238" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Ari%C3%A8ge_department_location_map.svg/357px-Ari%C3%A8ge_department_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Ari%C3%A8ge_department_location_map.svg/476px-Ari%C3%A8ge_department_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="431" data-file-height="351" /></span></span><div aria-hidden="true" style="top:20.99358974359%;left:49.544097420242%;margin:0;position:absolute;height:0;padding:0;z-index:2;width:0"><div style="top:-3px;text-align:center;position:relative;line-height:6px;font-size:6px;left:-3px;width:6px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=pl&params=43.183333333333_N_1.5_E_" title="Esplas"><img alt="Esplas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div><div style="line-height:15.12px;position:absolute;width:112px;z-index:90;font-size:12.6px;top:-0.5em;float:left;left:5px;text-align:left"><span style="text-shadow:0 0 5px white;;padding:1px">Esplas</span></div></div></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr class="infobox-locationmap" style="background-color:var(--background-color-base, #fff); color:black; text-align:center; border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);"> <td colspan="2"><div style="text-align:center;margin:0 auto;width:242px"><div style="color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);;font-weight:bold">Położenie na mapie Francji</div><div class="mapa-lokalizacyjna"><div style="width:238px;padding:0;border:0 solid #aaa;position:relative"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Mapa lokalizacyjna Francji"><img alt="Mapa konturowa Francji, na dole znajduje się punkt z opisem „Esplas”" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg/238px-France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg.png" decoding="async" width="238" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg/357px-France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg/476px-France_location_map-Regions_and_departements-2016.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="1922" /></span></span><div aria-hidden="true" style="top:79.206349206349%;left:46.20253164557%;margin:0;position:absolute;height:0;padding:0;z-index:2;width:0"><div style="top:-3px;text-align:center;position:relative;line-height:6px;font-size:6px;left:-3px;width:6px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=pl&params=43.183333333333_N_1.5_E_" title="Esplas"><img alt="Esplas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div><div style="line-height:15.12px;position:absolute;width:120px;z-index:90;font-size:12.6px;top:-0.5em;float:left;left:5px;text-align:left"><span style="text-shadow:0 0 5px white;;padding:1px">Esplas</span></div></div></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr class="infobox-locationmap" style="background-color:var(--background-color-base, #fff); color:black; text-align:center; border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);"> <td colspan="2"><div style="text-align:center;margin:0 auto;width:242px"><div style="color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);;font-weight:bold">Położenie na mapie Oksytanii</div><div class="mapa-lokalizacyjna"><div style="width:238px;padding:0;border:0 solid #aaa;position:relative"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Mapa lokalizacyjna Oksytanii"><img alt="Mapa konturowa Oksytanii, blisko centrum po lewej na dole znajduje się punkt z opisem „Esplas”" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Languedoc-Roussillon-Midi-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es_region_location_map.svg/238px-Languedoc-Roussillon-Midi-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es_region_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="238" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Languedoc-Roussillon-Midi-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es_region_location_map.svg/357px-Languedoc-Roussillon-Midi-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es_region_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Languedoc-Roussillon-Midi-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es_region_location_map.svg/476px-Languedoc-Roussillon-Midi-Pyr%C3%A9n%C3%A9es_region_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1628" data-file-height="1261" /></span></span><div aria-hidden="true" style="top:66.166833277796%;left:37.09562744401%;margin:0;position:absolute;height:0;padding:0;z-index:2;width:0"><div style="top:-3px;text-align:center;position:relative;line-height:6px;font-size:6px;left:-3px;width:6px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=pl&params=43.183333333333_N_1.5_E_" title="Esplas"><img alt="Esplas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></a></span></div><div style="line-height:15.12px;position:absolute;width:120px;z-index:90;font-size:12.6px;top:-0.5em;float:left;left:5px;text-align:left"><span style="text-shadow:0 0 5px white;;padding:1px">Esplas</span></div></div></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:var(--background-color-base, #fff); color:black; text-align:center; border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);"><span class="coordinates inline inline-and-top plainlinks"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ziemia" title="Ziemia"><img alt="Ziemia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Geographylogo.svg/20px-Geographylogo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Geographylogo.svg/30px-Geographylogo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Geographylogo.svg/40px-Geographylogo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a></span><a class="external text" href="//tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?language=pl&pagename=Esplas&params=43.183333333333_N_1.5_E"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Mapy, zdjęcia satelitarne i inne informacje dotyczące miejsca o współrzędnych geograficznych 43°11′N 1°30′E"><span class="latitude">43°11′N</span> <span class="longitude">1°30′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct">/</span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Mapy, zdjęcia satelitarne i inne informacje dotyczące miejsca o współrzędnych geograficznych 43,183333 1,500000"><span class="latitude">43,183333</span> <span class="longitude">1,500000</span></span></span></a></span> </td></tr> <tr class="noprint plainlinks" style="border-top:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1); text-align:center;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0;"> <table cellpadding="4" cellspacing="0" style="width:100%; margin:0px; background:var(--background-color-base, #fff); color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:middle; width:30px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Esplas" title="Commons"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/21px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/31px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/42px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Esplas" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Esplas">Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Esplas</b> – miejscowość i gmina we <a href="/wiki/Francja" title="Francja">Francji</a>, w regionie <a href="/wiki/Oksytania_(region)" title="Oksytania (region)">Oksytania</a>, w departamencie <a href="/wiki/Ari%C3%A8ge_(departament)" title="Ariège (departament)">Ariège</a>. </p><p>Według danych na rok 1990 gminę zamieszkiwały 72 osoby, a gęstość zaludnienia wynosiła 9 osób/km² (wśród 3020 gmin regionu Midi-Pyrénées, Esplas plasuje się na 991. miejscu pod względem liczby ludności, natomiast pod względem powierzchni na miejscu 1245.). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esplas&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj sekcję: Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>edytuj</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Esplas&action=edit&section=1" title="Edytuj kod źródłowy sekcji: Bibliografia"><span>edytuj kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><cite class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.insee.fr/fr/default.asp">Francuski urząd statystyczny</a>. <span class="lang-list">(<abbr title="Treść w języku francuskim (français)">fr.</abbr>)</span>.</cite></li></ul> <div class="navbox do-not-make-smaller mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" data-expandtext="pokaż" data-collapsetext="ukryj"><style 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.opis.a3,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a3 .opis{background:#764617}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>.caption,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>tbody>tr>th{background-color:#3a3c3e}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox .title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>.mw-collapsible-content>.above,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox>.mw-collapsible-content>.below,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox .opis{background-color:#303234}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a1,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a1 .opis{background:#715f00}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a2,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a2 .opis{background:#5f5f5f}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .opis.a3,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbox.medaliści .a3 .opis{background:#764617}}</style><ul class="tnavbar noprint plainlinks hlist"><li><a href="/wiki/Szablon:Okr%C4%99g_Pamiers" title="Szablon:Okręg Pamiers"><span title="Pokaż ten szablon">p</span></a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dyskusja_szablonu:Okr%C4%99g_Pamiers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dyskusja szablonu:Okręg Pamiers (strona nie istnieje)"><span title="Dyskusja na temat tego szablonu">d</span></a></li><li title="Możesz edytować ten szablon. Użyj przycisku podglądu przed zapisaniem zmian."><a class="external text" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Szablon:Okr%C4%99g_Pamiers&action=edit">e</a></li></ul><div class="navbox-title caption">Gminy <a href="/wiki/Okr%C4%99g_Pamiers" title="Okręg Pamiers">okręgu Pamiers</a></div><div class="mw-collapsible-content"><table class="navbox-main-content inner-standard"><tbody><tr class="a1"><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list spis hlist navbox-odd"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aigues-Vives_(Ari%C3%A8ge)" title="Aigues-Vives (Ariège)">Aigues-Vives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artigat" title="Artigat">Artigat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artix_(Ari%C3%A8ge)" title="Artix (Ariège)">Artix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arvigna" title="Arvigna">Arvigna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belloc_(Francja)" title="Belloc (Francja)">Belloc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benagues" title="Benagues">Benagues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bastide-de-Bousignac" title="Bastide-de-Bousignac">Bastide-de-Bousignac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Besset" title="Besset">Besset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9zac" title="Bézac">Bézac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonnac_(Ari%C3%A8ge)" title="Bonnac (Ariège)">Bonnac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brie_(Ari%C3%A8ge)" title="Brie (Ariège)">Brie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calzan" title="Calzan">Calzan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camarade" title="Camarade">Camarade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camon_(Ari%C3%A8ge)" title="Camon (Ariège)">Camon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campagne-sur-Arize" title="Campagne-sur-Arize">Campagne-sur-Arize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cant%C3%A9" title="Canté">Canté</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carla-Bayle" title="Carla-Bayle">Carla-Bayle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cast%C3%A9ras" title="Castéras">Castéras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castex_(Ari%C3%A8ge)" title="Castex (Ariège)">Castex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cazals-des-Bayl%C3%A8s" title="Cazals-des-Baylès">Cazals-des-Baylès</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cazaux" title="Cazaux">Cazaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coussa" title="Coussa">Coussa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coutens" title="Coutens">Coutens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crampagna" title="Crampagna">Crampagna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalou" title="Dalou">Dalou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daumazan-sur-Arize" title="Daumazan-sur-Arize">Daumazan-sur-Arize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dun" title="Dun">Dun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Durfort_(Ari%C3%A8ge)" title="Durfort (Ariège)">Durfort</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esclagne" title="Esclagne">Esclagne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escosse" title="Escosse">Escosse</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Esplas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fornex" title="Fornex">Fornex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabre" title="Gabre">Gabre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaudi%C3%A8s" title="Gaudiès">Gaudiès</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gudas" title="Gudas">Gudas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justiniac" title="Justiniac">Justiniac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Bastide-de-Besplas" title="La Bastide-de-Besplas">La Bastide-de-Besplas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Bastide-de-Lordat" title="La Bastide-de-Lordat">La Bastide-de-Lordat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Bastide-sur-l%E2%80%99Hers" title="La Bastide-sur-l’Hers">La Bastide-sur-l’Hers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Tour-du-Crieu" title="La Tour-du-Crieu">La Tour-du-Crieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labatut_(Ari%C3%A8ge)" title="Labatut (Ariège)">Labatut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lagarde_(Ari%C3%A8ge)" title="Lagarde (Ariège)">Lagarde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lanoux" title="Lanoux">Lanoux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lapenne" title="Lapenne">Lapenne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laroque-d%E2%80%99Olmes" title="Laroque-d’Olmes">Laroque-d’Olmes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Carlaret" title="Le Carlaret">Le Carlaret</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Fossat" title="Le Fossat">Le Fossat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Mas-d%E2%80%99Azil" title="Le Mas-d’Azil">Le Mas-d’Azil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Peyrat" title="Le Peyrat">Le Peyrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Vernet_(Ari%C3%A8ge)" title="Le Vernet (Ariège)">Le Vernet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9ran" title="Léran">Léran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Bordes-sur-Arize" title="Les Bordes-sur-Arize">Les Bordes-sur-Arize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Issards" title="Les Issards">Les Issards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Pujols" title="Les Pujols">Les Pujols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lescousse" title="Lescousse">Lescousse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9zat-sur-L%C3%A8ze" title="Lézat-sur-Lèze">Lézat-sur-Lèze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limbrassac" title="Limbrassac">Limbrassac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lissac_(Ari%C3%A8ge)" title="Lissac (Ariège)">Lissac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loubaut" title="Loubaut">Loubaut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loubens_(Ari%C3%A8ge)" title="Loubens (Ariège)">Loubens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludi%C3%A8s" title="Ludiès">Ludiès</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madi%C3%A8re" title="Madière">Madière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malegoude" title="Malegoude">Malegoude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mall%C3%A9on" title="Malléon">Malléon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manses" title="Manses">Manses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maz%C3%A8res_(Ari%C3%A8ge)" title="Mazères (Ariège)">Mazères</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9ras" title="Méras">Méras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirepoix_(Ari%C3%A8ge)" title="Mirepoix (Ariège)">Mirepoix</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monesple" title="Monesple">Monesple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montaut_(Ari%C3%A8ge)" title="Montaut (Ariège)">Montaut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montbel_(Ari%C3%A8ge)" title="Montbel (Ariège)">Montbel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mont%C3%A9gut-Plantaurel" title="Montégut-Plantaurel">Montégut-Plantaurel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montfa_(Ari%C3%A8ge)" title="Montfa (Ariège)">Montfa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moulin-Neuf_(Ari%C3%A8ge)" title="Moulin-Neuf (Ariège)">Moulin-Neuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pailh%C3%A8s_(Ari%C3%A8ge)" title="Pailhès (Ariège)">Pailhès</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pamiers" title="Pamiers">Pamiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pradettes" title="Pradettes">Pradettes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9gat" title="Régat">Régat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rieucros" title="Rieucros">Rieucros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rieux-de-Pelleport" title="Rieux-de-Pelleport">Rieux-de-Pelleport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roumengoux" title="Roumengoux">Roumengoux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabarat" title="Sabarat">Sabarat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Amadou" title="Saint-Amadou">Saint-Amadou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Amans_(Ari%C3%A8ge)" title="Saint-Amans (Ariège)">Saint-Amans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Bauzeil" title="Saint-Bauzeil">Saint-Bauzeil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-F%C3%A9lix-de-Rieutord" title="Saint-Félix-de-Rieutord">Saint-Félix-de-Rieutord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-F%C3%A9lix-de-Tournegat" title="Saint-Félix-de-Tournegat">Saint-Félix-de-Tournegat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Jean-du-Falga" title="Saint-Jean-du-Falga">Saint-Jean-du-Falga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Julien-de-Gras-Capou" title="Saint-Julien-de-Gras-Capou">Saint-Julien-de-Gras-Capou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Martin-d%E2%80%99Oydes" title="Saint-Martin-d’Oydes">Saint-Martin-d’Oydes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Michel_(Ari%C3%A8ge)" title="Saint-Michel (Ariège)">Saint-Michel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Quentin-la-Tour" title="Saint-Quentin-la-Tour">Saint-Quentin-la-Tour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Quirc" title="Saint-Quirc">Saint-Quirc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Victor-Rouzaud" title="Saint-Victor-Rouzaud">Saint-Victor-Rouzaud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Ybars" title="Saint-Ybars">Saint-Ybars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Foi" title="Sainte-Foi">Sainte-Foi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sainte-Suzanne_(Ari%C3%A8ge)" title="Sainte-Suzanne (Ariège)">Sainte-Suzanne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saverdun" title="Saverdun">Saverdun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9gura" title="Ségura">Ségura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sieuras" title="Sieuras">Sieuras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabre" title="Tabre">Tabre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teilhet_(Ari%C3%A8ge)" title="Teilhet (Ariège)">Teilhet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thouars-sur-Arize" title="Thouars-sur-Arize">Thouars-sur-Arize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourtrol" title="Tourtrol">Tourtrol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tr%C3%A9moulet" title="Trémoulet">Trémoulet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troye-d%E2%80%99Ari%C3%A8ge" title="Troye-d’Ariège">Troye-d’Ariège</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unzent" title="Unzent">Unzent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vals_(Ari%C3%A8ge)" title="Vals (Ariège)">Vals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varilhes" title="Varilhes">Varilhes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ventenac" title="Ventenac">Ventenac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verniolle" title="Verniolle">Verniolle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villeneuve-du-Latou" title="Villeneuve-du-Latou">Villeneuve-du-Latou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villeneuve-du-Par%C3%A9age" title="Villeneuve-du-Paréage">Villeneuve-du-Paréage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vira_(Ari%C3%A8ge)" title="Vira (Ariège)">Vira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivi%C3%A8s" title="Viviès">Viviès</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Źródło: „<a dir="ltr" href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Esplas&oldid=70638145">https://pl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Esplas&oldid=70638145</a>”</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" 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