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vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Equestrian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.3 Equestrian </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Equestrian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pedestrian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pedestrian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.4 Pedestrian </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pedestrian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Motor" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Motor"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.5 Motor </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Motor-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Water" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Water"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1.6 Water </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Water-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Shared-use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Shared-use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Shared-use </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Shared-use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Forest_road" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Forest_road"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.1 Forest road </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Forest_road-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Holloway" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Holloway"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.2 Holloway </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Holloway-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rail" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rail"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.3 Rail </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rail-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Towpath" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Towpath"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.4 Towpath </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Towpath-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Urban" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Urban"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Urban </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Urban-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Alley" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alley"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3.1 Alley </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alley-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-System_layout" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#System_layout"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 System layout </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-System_layout-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle System layout subsection </button> <ul id="toc-System_layout-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Linear" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Linear"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Linear </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Linear-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Looped" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Looped"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Looped </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Looped-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Administration </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Administration-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Administration subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Europe </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-UK_and_Ireland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#UK_and_Ireland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 UK and Ireland </div> </a> <ul id="toc-UK_and_Ireland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 United States </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Universal_access" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Universal_access"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3.1 Universal access </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Universal_access-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Construction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Construction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Construction </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Construction-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Construction subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Construction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Slopes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Slopes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Slopes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Slopes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Drainage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Drainage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Drainage </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Drainage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Maintenance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maintenance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Maintenance </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maintenance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Navigation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Navigation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 Navigation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Navigation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Classification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.5 Classification </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Classification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Trail</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 45 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-45" aria-hidden="true" > 45 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%83" title="مسلك – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مسلك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sender" title="Sender – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Sender" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sienda" title="Sienda – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Sienda" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sender" title="Sender – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Sender" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Сукмак – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Сукмак" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sti" title="Sti – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Sti" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trampelpfad" title="Trampelpfad – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Trampelpfad" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A0%CE%B5%CE%B6%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AC_%CE%BC%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%80%CE%AC%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%B1" title="Πεζοπορικά μονοπάτια – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Πεζοπορικά μονοπάτια" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sendero" title="Sendero – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Sendero" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pado_(vojeto)" title="Pado (vojeto) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Pado (vojeto)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bidezidor" title="Bidezidor – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bidezidor" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D8%B0%D8%B1_(%D9%85%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B1)" title="گذر (مسیر) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گذر (مسیر)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentier_(voie)" title="Sentier (voie) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sentier (voie)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sendeiro" title="Sendeiro – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Sendeiro" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8A%B8%EB%A0%88%EC%9D%BC" title="트레일 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="트레일" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treko" title="Treko – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Treko" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sentiero" title="Sentiero – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sentiero" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troi" title="Troi – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Troi" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semita" title="Semita – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Semita" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senter" title="Senter – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Senter" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pad_(weg)" title="Pad (weg) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Pad (weg)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%87%D0%B0_(%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%8A)" title="Тача (некъ) – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Тача (некъ)" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sti" title="Sti – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sti" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sti" title="Sti – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Sti" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B2" title="ਟ੍ਰੇਲ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਟ੍ਰੇਲ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%88%D9%86%DA%88%DB%8C" title="ڈنڈی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ڈنڈی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Acie%C5%BCka_(etologia)" title="Ścieżka (etologia) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Ścieżka (etologia)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percurso_pedestre" title="Percurso pedestre – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Percurso pedestre" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B0" title="Тропа – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тропа" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%85" title="Орох – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Орох" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trail" title="Trail – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Trail" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trail" title="Trail – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Trail" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pe%C5%A1pot" title="Pešpot – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Pešpot" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staza" title="Staza – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Staza" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polku" title="Polku – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Polku" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A5ngstig" title="Gångstig – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gångstig" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abrid" title="Abrid – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Abrid" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taclḥit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parkur" title="Parkur – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Parkur" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Стежка – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Стежка" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%81" title="جادہ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جادہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troi" title="Troi – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Troi" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pazea" title="Pazea – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Pazea" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B0%8F%E8%B7%AF" title="小路 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="小路" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taks" title="Taks – 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Path for mostly non-motorized travel through a natural area</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about paths, tracks or other routes used for recreational travel. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Trail_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Trail (disambiguation)">Trail (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Trails" redirects here. For the video game series, see <a href="/wiki/Trails_(series)" title="Trails (series)">Trails (series)</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Trail_between_two_fields_(Slovenia,_Selo_pri_Mirni).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photograph of a country track or fieldway" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Trail_between_two_fields_%28Slovenia%2C_Selo_pri_Mirni%29.jpg/220px-Trail_between_two_fields_%28Slovenia%2C_Selo_pri_Mirni%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Trail_between_two_fields_%28Slovenia%2C_Selo_pri_Mirni%29.jpg/330px-Trail_between_two_fields_%28Slovenia%2C_Selo_pri_Mirni%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Trail_between_two_fields_%28Slovenia%2C_Selo_pri_Mirni%29.jpg/440px-Trail_between_two_fields_%28Slovenia%2C_Selo_pri_Mirni%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="482" data-file-height="361" /></a><figcaption>A country track, or <a href="/wiki/Fieldway" class="mw-redirect" title="Fieldway">fieldway</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Slovenia" title="Slovenia">Slovenia</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MountainBikeTrail.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photograph of a mountain bike trail" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/MountainBikeTrail.jpg/220px-MountainBikeTrail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/MountainBikeTrail.jpg/330px-MountainBikeTrail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/MountainBikeTrail.jpg/440px-MountainBikeTrail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1899" data-file-height="1423" /></a><figcaption>Mountain bike trail in the <a href="/wiki/Forest_of_Dean" title="Forest of Dean">Forest of Dean</a>, England</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kruununpuisto_Imatra.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photograph of a dirt trail through a forest" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Kruununpuisto_Imatra.JPG/170px-Kruununpuisto_Imatra.JPG" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Kruununpuisto_Imatra.JPG/255px-Kruununpuisto_Imatra.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Kruununpuisto_Imatra.JPG/340px-Kruununpuisto_Imatra.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264" /></a><figcaption>Trail in the Kruununpuisto Nature Park in <a href="/wiki/Imatra" title="Imatra">Imatra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Finland" title="Finland">Finland</a></figcaption></figure> A trail, also known as a path or track, is an unpaved lane or a small paved road not intended for usage by <a href="/wiki/Motorized_vehicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Motorized vehicle">motorized vehicles</a>, usually passing through a <a href="/wiki/Natural_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Natural area">natural area</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a>, a path or <a href="/wiki/Footpath" title="Footpath">footpath</a> is the preferred term for a pedestrian or hiking trail.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> The term is also applied in North America to accompanying routes along rivers, and sometimes to highways. In the US, the term was historically used for a route into or through wild territory used by explorers and migrants (e.g. the <a href="/wiki/Oregon_Trail" title="Oregon Trail">Oregon Trail</a>). In the United States, "trace" is a synonym for trail, as in <a href="/wiki/Natchez_Trace" title="Natchez Trace">Natchez Trace</a>. Some trails are dedicated only for walking, cycling, <a href="/wiki/Horse_riding" class="mw-redirect" title="Horse riding">horse riding</a>, <a href="/wiki/Snowshoeing" class="mw-redirect" title="Snowshoeing">snowshoeing</a> or <a href="/wiki/Cross-country_skiing" title="Cross-country skiing">cross-country skiing</a>, but not more than one use; others, as in the case of a <a href="/wiki/Bridleway" class="mw-redirect" title="Bridleway">bridleway</a> in the UK, are <a href="/wiki/Shared-use_path" title="Shared-use path">shared-use</a> and can be used by pedestrians, cyclists and equestrians alike. Although most trails are for low-traffic, non-motorized usage, there are also unpaved trails used by <a href="/wiki/Dirt_bike" class="mw-redirect" title="Dirt bike">dirt bikes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quad_bike" class="mw-redirect" title="Quad bike">quad bikes</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Off-road_vehicle" title="Off-road vehicle">off-road vehicles</a>, usually for <a href="/wiki/Extreme_sports" class="mw-redirect" title="Extreme sports">extreme sports</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rally_race" class="mw-redirect" title="Rally race">rally races</a>. In some places, like the <a href="/wiki/Alps" title="Alps">Alps</a>, trails are used by alpine agrarian communities for <a href="/wiki/Transhumance" title="Transhumance">moving cattle and other livestock</a>. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usage">Usage</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Trail&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Usage">edit</a>]</div> In Australia, the term track can be used interchangeably with trail or walk, and can refer to anything from a <a href="/wiki/Dirt_road" title="Dirt road">dirt road</a> to an unpaved <a href="/wiki/Footpath" title="Footpath">pedestrian path</a>.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Rain_Forest_in_KLIA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photograph of a wooden walkway in a jungle with two people observing a waterfall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Rain_Forest_in_KLIA.jpg/220px-Rain_Forest_in_KLIA.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Rain_Forest_in_KLIA.jpg/330px-Rain_Forest_in_KLIA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Rain_Forest_in_KLIA.jpg/440px-Rain_Forest_in_KLIA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Jungle trail inside KLIA Airport</figcaption></figure> In New Zealand, the terms track or <a href="/wiki/Walkway" title="Walkway">walkway</a> are used almost exclusively except when referring to <a href="/wiki/Cross-country_skiing" title="Cross-country skiing">cross-country skiing</a>: "walkways vary enormously in nature, from short urban strolls, to moderate coastal locations, to challenging tramps [hikes] in the high country [mountains]".<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> Walkway is used similarly in <a href="/wiki/St._John%27s,_Newfoundland" class="mw-redirect" title="St. John's, Newfoundland">St. John's, Newfoundland</a>, Canada, where the "<a href="/wiki/Grand_Concourse_(St._John%27s)" title="Grand Concourse (St. John's)">Grand Concourse</a>", is an integrated walkway system.<a href="#cite_note-GrandConcourse-4">[4]</a> In the United Kingdom, the term trail is in common usage. Longer distance walking routes, and government-promoted long-distance paths, collectively known as <a href="/wiki/National_Trails" title="National Trails">National Trails</a>, are also frequently called ways as in the <a href="/wiki/Pennine_Way" title="Pennine Way">Pennine Way</a> and <a href="/wiki/South_Downs_Way" title="South Downs Way">South Downs Way</a>. Generally, the term footpath is preferred for pedestrian routes, including long-distance trails, and is used for urban paths and sometimes in place of <a href="/wiki/Sidewalk" title="Sidewalk">pavement</a>. Track is used for wider paths (wide enough for vehicles), often used for hiking. The terms <a href="/wiki/Bridleway" class="mw-redirect" title="Bridleway">bridleway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rights_of_way_in_England_and_Wales" title="Rights of way in England and Wales">byway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Restricted_byway" class="mw-redirect" title="Restricted byway">restricted byway</a> are all recognised legal terms and to a greater or lesser extent in general usage. The increased popularity of <a href="/wiki/Mountain_biking" title="Mountain biking">mountain biking</a> has led to a proliferation of mountain bike trails in many countries.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> Often these will be grouped to form larger complexes, known as trail centers. In the early years of the 20th century, the term <a href="/wiki/Auto_trail" title="Auto trail">auto trail</a> was used for a marked highway route,<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> and trail is now used to designate routes, including highway routes, designated for tourist interest like the <a href="/wiki/Cabot_Trail" title="Cabot Trail">Cabot Trail</a>, Nova Scotia, Canada and the <a href="/wiki/Quilt_Trail" class="mw-redirect" title="Quilt Trail">Quilt Trails</a> in the US. The term trail has been used by developers and urban planners for a variety of modern paved <a href="/wiki/Roads" class="mw-redirect" title="Roads">roads</a>, highways, and <a href="/wiki/Boulevards" class="mw-redirect" title="Boulevards">boulevards</a>, in these countries, and some highways continue to be officially called a trail, such as the Susquehanna Trail in Pennsylvania, a designation that varies from a two-lane road to a four-lane freeway. An unusual use of the term is in the Canadian province of <a href="/wiki/Alberta" title="Alberta">Alberta</a>, which has multi-lane <a href="/wiki/Freeways" class="mw-redirect" title="Freeways">freeways</a> called trails.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Trail&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:OldTraceSunken.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photograph of a dirt trail through a forest" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/OldTraceSunken.jpg/220px-OldTraceSunken.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/OldTraceSunken.jpg/330px-OldTraceSunken.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/OldTraceSunken.jpg/440px-OldTraceSunken.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="780" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Natchez_Trace" title="Natchez Trace">Natchez Trace</a> is a trail, that was created and used by <a href="/wiki/Native_Americans_in_the_United_States" title="Native Americans in the United States">Native Americans in the United States</a> for centuries, and was later used by early European and Americans.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Ancient_trackway" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient trackway">Ancient trackway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Old_military_roads_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Old military roads of Scotland">Old military roads of Scotland</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Hiking#History" title="Hiking">Hiking § History</a></div> Animals created the first trails, which were "later adapted by humans".<a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> Subsequently, farmers moved cattle to market along <a href="/wiki/Drove_road" class="mw-redirect" title="Drove road">drove roads</a> and between <a href="/wiki/Transhumance" title="Transhumance">winter and summer grazing</a> creating trails.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> More recently, former industrial routes, such as <a href="/wiki/Rail_trail" title="Rail trail">railway rights of way</a> and canal <a href="/wiki/Towpath" title="Towpath">towpaths</a>, have been turned into recreational trails. Many historic routes, like the <a href="/wiki/Silk_Road" title="Silk Road">Silk Road</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Amber_Road" title="Amber Road">Amber Road</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Road" title="Royal Road">Royal Road</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Persian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian Empire">Persian Empire</a>, existed before the <a href="/wiki/Christian_era" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian era">Christian era</a> and covered great distances. The <a href="/wiki/Post_Track" title="Post Track">Post Track</a>, a prehistoric <a href="/wiki/Causeway" title="Causeway">causeway</a> in the valley of the <a href="/wiki/River_Brue" title="River Brue">River Brue</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Somerset_Levels" title="Somerset Levels">Somerset Levels</a>, England, is one of the oldest known constructed trackways and dates from around 3838 BC.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> The idea of following a path or track for exercise or pleasure developed during the 18th century in Europe and arose because of changing attitudes to the landscape and nature associated with the <a href="/wiki/Romanticism" title="Romanticism">Romantic movement</a>.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> In earlier times, walking generally indicated poverty and was associated with vagrancy.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a>: 83, 297  In previous centuries long walks were undertaken as part of religious <a href="/wiki/Pilgrimages" class="mw-redirect" title="Pilgrimages">pilgrimages</a> and this tradition continues throughout the world. The first footpath built specifically for recreational hiking in America, and likely the world, is the <a href="/wiki/Crawford_Path" title="Crawford Path">Crawford Path</a> in the White Mountains of New Hampshire. The path was blazed in 1819 by Abel Crawford and his son, Ethan Allen. Originally 8.25 miles in length (now 8.5 miles), the trail leads to the summit of Mt. Washington.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Types">Types</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Trail&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Types">edit</a>]</div> Trails can be located in different settings for various uses. These can include: <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Segregated">Segregated</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Trail&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Segregated">edit</a>]</div> Trail segregation, the practice of designating certain trails as having a specific preferred or exclusive use, is increasingly common and diverse.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> For example, <a href="/wiki/Bike_path" title="Bike path">bike trails</a> are used not only on roads open to motor vehicles but also in trail systems open to other trail users. Some trails are segregated for use by both equestrians and mountain bikes or by equestrians or mountain bikes alone. Designated "wilderness area" trails may be segregated for non-wheeled use permitting backpacking and horses but not permitting mountain bikes and motorized vehicles.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> Often, trail segregation for a particular use is accompanied by prohibitions against that use on other trails within the trail system. Trail segregation may be supported by signage, markings, trail design and construction (especially the selection of tread materials), and by separation between parallel treads. Separation may be achieved by "natural" barriers including distance, ditching, banking, grading, and vegetation, and by "artificial" barriers including fencing, curbing, and walls.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bicycle">Bicycle</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Trail&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Bicycle">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Bike_path" title="Bike path">Bike path</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Bikeway" class="mw-redirect" title="Bikeway">Bikeway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rail_trail" title="Rail trail">Rail trail</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mountain_biking" title="Mountain biking">Mountain biking</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Single_track_(mountain_biking)" title="Single track (mountain biking)">Single track (mountain biking)</a></div> Bicycle trails encompass a wide variety of trail types, including shared-use paths used for commuting, off-road <a href="/wiki/Cross-country_cycling" title="Cross-country cycling">cross-country</a> trails and <a href="/wiki/Downhill_mountain_biking" title="Downhill mountain biking">downhill mountain bike</a> trails. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pfaelzerwald_Mountainbike_Drachenfels_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photograph of hikers and mountain bikers on top of a flat rock hill overlooking a forest" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Pfaelzerwald_Mountainbike_Drachenfels_01.jpg/220px-Pfaelzerwald_Mountainbike_Drachenfels_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Pfaelzerwald_Mountainbike_Drachenfels_01.jpg/330px-Pfaelzerwald_Mountainbike_Drachenfels_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Pfaelzerwald_Mountainbike_Drachenfels_01.jpg/440px-Pfaelzerwald_Mountainbike_Drachenfels_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1632" data-file-height="1224" /></a><figcaption>Hikers and mountain bikers on top of the Drachenfels (Dragon's Rock) in the <a href="/wiki/Palatinate_Forest" title="Palatinate Forest">Palatinate Forest</a>, Germany</figcaption></figure> The number of off-road cycle trails has increased significantly, along with the popularity of <a href="/wiki/Mountain_bikes" class="mw-redirect" title="Mountain bikes">mountain bikes</a>.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> Off-road bicycle trails are generally function-specific and most commonly waymarked along their route. They may take the form of single routes or form part of larger complexes, known as trail centers. Off-road trails often incorporate a mix of challenging terrain, <a href="/wiki/Singletrack" class="mw-redirect" title="Singletrack">singletrack</a>, smooth <a href="/wiki/Fire_trail" title="Fire trail">fireroads</a>, and even paved paths. Trails with an easy or moderate technical complexity are generally deemed cross-country trails, while trails difficult even to experienced riders are more often dubbed <a href="/wiki/Enduro_(mountain_biking)" title="Enduro (mountain biking)">all-mountain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Freeride_(mountain_biking)" title="Freeride (mountain biking)">freeride</a>, or downhill. Downhilling is popular at ski resorts like <a href="/wiki/Mammoth_Mountain_Ski_Area" title="Mammoth Mountain Ski Area">Mammoth Mountain</a> in California,<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> or <a href="/wiki/Whistler_Blackcomb#Whistler_Mountain_Bike_Park" title="Whistler Blackcomb">Whistler Blackcomb</a> in British Columbia, where <a href="/wiki/Ski_lifts" class="mw-redirect" title="Ski lifts">ski lifts</a> are used to get bikes and riders to the top of the mountain. <a href="/wiki/EuroVelo" title="EuroVelo">EuroVelo</a> bicycle routes are a network of (currently 17) <a href="/wiki/Long-distance_cycling_route" title="Long-distance cycling route">long-distance cycling routes</a> criss-crossing Europe in various stages of completion; more than 90,000 km (55,923 mi) was in place by 2020.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> EuroVelo is a project of the <a href="/wiki/European_Cyclists%27_Federation" title="European Cyclists' Federation">European Cyclists' Federation</a> (ECF). EuroVelo routes can be used for <a href="/wiki/Bicycle_touring" title="Bicycle touring">bicycle touring</a> across the continent, and by local people making short journeys. The routes comprise both existing <a href="/wiki/National_cycling_route_network" title="National cycling route network">national bike routes</a>, such as the Dutch <a href="/wiki/Dutch_National_Cycle_Routes" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch National Cycle Routes">LF-Routes</a>, the German <a href="/wiki/German_Cycling_Network" title="German Cycling Network">D-Routes</a>, and the British <a href="/wiki/National_Cycle_Network" title="National Cycle Network">National Cycle Network</a>, and existing general-purpose roads, together with new stretches of cycle routes to connect them.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> Off-road cycling can cause <a href="/wiki/Soil_erosion" title="Soil erosion">soil erosion</a> and <a href="/wiki/Habitat_destruction" title="Habitat destruction">habitat destruction</a> if not carried out on established trails. This is true when trails are wet, though overall, cycling may not have more of an impact as other trail users.<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cross-country_skiing">Cross-country skiing</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Trail&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Cross-country skiing">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ski_trails.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photograph of a groomed, snow-covered cross-country ski trail" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Ski_trails.jpg/220px-Ski_trails.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Ski_trails.jpg/330px-Ski_trails.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Ski_trails.jpg/440px-Ski_trails.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Prepared ski trails for <a href="/wiki/Cross-country_skiing" title="Cross-country skiing">cross-country skiing</a></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Cross-country_skiing_trail" title="Cross-country skiing trail">Cross-country skiing trail</a></div> In cross-country skiing, a trail is also called a track or piste.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> Recreational cross-country skiing is also called touring, especially in Europe. Some skiers stay out for extended periods using <a href="/wiki/Tents" class="mw-redirect" title="Tents">tents</a> and equipment similar to bushwalkers and hikers, whereas others take shorter trips from ski resorts on maintained trails. In some countries, organizations maintain a network of huts for use by cross-country skiers in wintertime. For example, the <a href="/wiki/Norwegian_Mountain_Touring_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="Norwegian Mountain Touring Association">Norwegian Mountain Touring Association</a> maintains over 400 huts stretching across hundreds of kilometres of trails hikers use in the summer and skiers use in the winter.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Equestrian">Equestrian</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Trail&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Equestrian">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Bridle_path" title="Bridle path">Bridle path</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trail_riding" title="Trail riding">trail riding</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Loantaka_Brook_Reservation_bikeway_horse_path_and_stream_and_reflections.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Loantaka_Brook_Reservation_bikeway_horse_path_and_stream_and_reflections.jpg/220px-Loantaka_Brook_Reservation_bikeway_horse_path_and_stream_and_reflections.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Loantaka_Brook_Reservation_bikeway_horse_path_and_stream_and_reflections.jpg/330px-Loantaka_Brook_Reservation_bikeway_horse_path_and_stream_and_reflections.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Loantaka_Brook_Reservation_bikeway_horse_path_and_stream_and_reflections.jpg/440px-Loantaka_Brook_Reservation_bikeway_horse_path_and_stream_and_reflections.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>A combination horse and hiking trail in a suburb of New York City</figcaption></figure> Horse riding and other <a href="/wiki/Equestrianism" title="Equestrianism">equestrian</a> uses of trails continue to be a popular activity for many trail users.<a href="#cite_note-BNT-26">[26]</a> Horses can usually negotiate much the same grades as hikers, but not always, although they can more easily clear obstacles in the path such as logs.<a href="#cite_note-john.chapman.name-27">[27]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Bicentennial_National_Trail" title="Bicentennial National Trail">Bicentennial National Trail</a> (BNT) in Australia is one of the longest marked multi-use trail in the world, stretching 5,330 km (3,312 mi) from <a href="/wiki/Cooktown,_Queensland" title="Cooktown, Queensland">Cooktown, Queensland</a>, through <a href="/wiki/New_South_Wales" title="New South Wales">New South Wales</a> to <a href="/wiki/Healesville,_Victoria" class="mw-redirect" title="Healesville, Victoria">Healesville, Victoria</a>.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> This trail runs the length of the rugged <a href="/wiki/Great_Dividing_Range" title="Great Dividing Range">Great Dividing Range</a> through <a href="/wiki/National_park" title="National park">national parks</a>, private property and alongside of <a href="/wiki/Wilderness_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilderness area">wilderness areas</a>. One of the objectives was to develop a trail that linked up the <a href="/wiki/Brumby" title="Brumby">brumby</a> tracks,<a href="#cite_note-BNT-26">[26]</a> <a href="/wiki/Muster_(livestock)" title="Muster (livestock)">mustering</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stock_route" title="Stock route">stock routes</a> along the Great Dividing Range, thus providing an opportunity to legally ride the routes of <a href="/wiki/Stockman_(Australia)" title="Stockman (Australia)">stockmen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Drover_(Australian)" title="Drover (Australian)">drovers</a> who once travelled these areas with <a href="/wiki/Packhorse" title="Packhorse">pack horses</a>. This Trail provides access to some of the wildest, most remote country in the world.<a href="#cite_note-BNT-26">[26]</a> The Bicentennial National Trail is suitable for self-reliant horse riders, fit walkers and mountain bike riders.<a href="#cite_note-john.chapman.name-27">[27]</a> Within the United States National Trail Classification System,<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> equestrian trails include simple day-use bridle paths and others built to accommodate long strings of pack animals on journeys lasting many days. Trail design parameters for these uses include trail base width and material, trail clear width, trail clear height, access to water suitable for stock (not human) use, and trail routing. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pedestrian">Pedestrian</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Trail&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Pedestrian">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Footpath" title="Footpath">Footpath</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sidewalk" title="Sidewalk">Sidewalk</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Trail_running" title="Trail running">Trail running</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:An_urban_footpath.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/An_urban_footpath.JPG/220px-An_urban_footpath.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/An_urban_footpath.JPG/330px-An_urban_footpath.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/An_urban_footpath.JPG/440px-An_urban_footpath.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>An urban footpath in <a href="/wiki/Ipswich" title="Ipswich">Ipswich</a>, Suffolk, United Kingdom, which prohibits cycling</figcaption></figure> A footpath is a type of <a href="/wiki/Thoroughfare" title="Thoroughfare">thoroughfare</a> that is intended for use only by <a href="/wiki/Pedestrians" class="mw-redirect" title="Pedestrians">pedestrians</a> either within an urban area or through the countryside. An urban footpath is usually called an alley or lane and often paved (see also: <a href="/wiki/Sidewalk" title="Sidewalk">sidewalk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sidewalk" title="Sidewalk">pavement</a>). Other public <a href="/wiki/Right_of_way_(transit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Right of way (transit)">rights of way</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Bridleways" class="mw-redirect" title="Bridleways">bridleways</a>, <a href="/wiki/Byway_(road)" title="Byway (road)">byways</a>, towpaths, and <a href="/wiki/Green_lane_(road)" title="Green lane (road)">green lanes</a> are also used by pedestrians. In England and Wales, there are rights of way on which pedestrians have a legally protected right to travel. <a href="/wiki/National_parks" class="mw-redirect" title="National parks">National parks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nature_preserves" class="mw-redirect" title="Nature preserves">nature preserves</a>, <a href="/wiki/Conservation_area" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservation area">conservation areas</a> and other protected <a href="/wiki/Wilderness" title="Wilderness">wilderness</a> areas may have trails that are restricted to pedestrians.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> Footpaths can be connected to form a <a href="/wiki/Long-distance_trail" title="Long-distance trail">long-distance trail</a> or way, which can be used by both day hikers and <a href="/wiki/Backpacking_(wilderness)" class="mw-redirect" title="Backpacking (wilderness)">backpackers</a>. Some trails are over 1,000 miles (1,600 km) long.<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> In the US and Canada, where <a href="/wiki/Urban_sprawl" title="Urban sprawl">urban sprawl</a> has reached rural communities, developers and local leaders are currently striving to make their communities more conducive to non-motorized transportation through the use of less traditional trails. The <a href="/wiki/Robert_Wood_Johnson_Foundation" title="Robert Wood Johnson Foundation">Robert Wood Johnson Foundation</a> in the US has established the <a href="/wiki/Active_Living_by_Design" class="mw-redirect" title="Active Living by Design">Active Living by Design</a> program to improve the <a href="/wiki/Quality_of_life" title="Quality of life">livability</a> of communities in part through developing trails,<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Upper_Valley_Trails_Alliance" title="Upper Valley Trails Alliance">Upper Valley Trails Alliance</a> in <a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a> has done similar work on traditional trails, while the <a href="/wiki/Somerville_Community_Path" title="Somerville Community Path">Somerville Community Path</a> in <a href="/wiki/Somerville,_Massachusetts" title="Somerville, Massachusetts">Somerville, Massachusetts</a>, and related paths, are examples of urban initiatives. In St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada the "Grand Concourse", is an integrated walkway system that has over 160 km (99 mi) of walkways, which link every major park, river, pond and green space in six municipalities.<a href="#cite_note-GrandConcourse-4">[4]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Motor">Motor</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Trail&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Motor">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Off_road_trail.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Off_road_trail.jpg/220px-Off_road_trail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Off_road_trail.jpg/330px-Off_road_trail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Off_road_trail.jpg/440px-Off_road_trail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>An off-road trail leading into a forest.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Orv-damage.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photograph of deep ruts left by a vehicle that left a posted trail" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Orv-damage.jpg/220px-Orv-damage.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Orv-damage.jpg/330px-Orv-damage.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Orv-damage.jpg/440px-Orv-damage.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="457" /></a><figcaption>Damage that occurred when vehicles left the posted trail at Anza-Borrego Desert State Park.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Off-roading" title="Off-roading">Off-roading</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Jeep_trail" title="Jeep trail">Jeep trail</a></div> A motorized trail is a trail intended for off-road vehicles for example 4×4 cars, dirt bikes, All-terrain vehicles (ATV). <a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> Motorized trail use remains very popular with some people, particularly in the US.<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Recreational_Trails_Program" title="Recreational Trails Program">Recreational Trails Program</a> defined as part of the <a href="/wiki/Intermodal_Surface_Transportation_Efficiency_Act" title="Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act">Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act</a> of 1991 mandates that states must use a minimum of 30 percent of these funds for motorized trail uses.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> Some members of the US government<a href="#cite_note-fed-36">[36]</a> and environmental organizations, including the <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Club" title="Sierra Club">Sierra Club</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Wilderness_Society_(United_States)" title="The Wilderness Society (United States)">The Wilderness Society</a>.<a href="#cite_note-sierra1-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-wilderness010-38">[38]</a> have criticized off-road vehicle use on <a href="/wiki/Public_land" title="Public land">public land</a>. They have noted several consequences of illegal ORV use such as pollution, trail damage, <a href="/wiki/Erosion" title="Erosion">erosion</a>, <a href="/wiki/Land_degradation" title="Land degradation">land degradation</a>, possible <a href="/wiki/Extinction" title="Extinction">species extinction</a>,<a href="#cite_note-CPC-39">[39]</a> and habitat destruction<a href="#cite_note-lvrj-40">[40]</a> which can leave hiking trails impassable. ORV proponents argue legal use taking place under planned access along with the multiple environmental and trail conservation efforts by ORV groups will mitigate these issues. Groups such as the BlueRibbon Coalition advocate Treadlightly, which is the responsible use of public lands used for off-road activities. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Seymour_Logging_Road.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A photogrpoh of a steep logging road climbing through a forest" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Seymour_Logging_Road.JPG/220px-Seymour_Logging_Road.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Seymour_Logging_Road.JPG/330px-Seymour_Logging_Road.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Seymour_Logging_Road.JPG/440px-Seymour_Logging_Road.JPG 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/British_Columbia_Ministry_of_Forests" class="mw-redirect" title="British Columbia Ministry of Forests">British Columbia Ministry of Forests</a> <a href="/wiki/Forest_service_road" class="mw-redirect" title="Forest service road">forest service road</a> in steep terrain at the Lower Seymour Conservation Reserve near <a href="/wiki/North_Vancouver_(district_municipality)" title="North Vancouver (district municipality)">North Vancouver</a>, British Columbia, Canada</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Noise_pollution" title="Noise pollution">Noise pollution</a> is also a concern,<a href="#cite_note-wilderness-41">[41]</a> and several studies conducted by <a href="/wiki/Montana_State_University_-_Bozeman" class="mw-redirect" title="Montana State University - Bozeman">Montana State University</a>, <a href="/wiki/California_State_University" title="California State University">California State University</a>, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Florida" title="University of Florida">University of Florida</a> and others have cited possible negative behavioral changes in wildlife as the result of some ORV use.<a href="#cite_note-wildland-42">[42]</a> Several US states such as Washington have laws to reduce noise generated by off-road and non-highway vehicles.<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Water">Water</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Trail&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Water">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Water_trail" title="Water trail">Water trails</a>, also referred to as blueways or paddling trails, are marked routes on <a href="/wiki/Navigable_waterway" class="mw-redirect" title="Navigable waterway">navigable waterways</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Rivers" class="mw-redirect" title="Rivers">rivers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lakes" class="mw-redirect" title="Lakes">lakes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canals" class="mw-redirect" title="Canals">canals</a> and coastlines for people using small non-motorized <a href="/wiki/Boats" class="mw-redirect" title="Boats">boats</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Kayaks" class="mw-redirect" title="Kayaks">kayaks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canoes" class="mw-redirect" title="Canoes">canoes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rafts" class="mw-redirect" title="Rafts">rafts</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Rowboats" class="mw-redirect" title="Rowboats">rowboats</a>. Some trails may be suitable for <a href="/wiki/Tubing_(recreation)#Water" title="Tubing (recreation)">float tubing</a> or developed in concert with motorized use. They include: signs and route markers; maps; facilities for parking, boat ramps or docks, and places to camp and picnic. There are also state programs and other promotion for water trails in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> The <a href="/wiki/American_Canoe_Association" title="American Canoe Association">American Canoe Association</a> has compiled a database of water trails in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> The <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a> Rivers, Trails, and Conservation Assistance Program has compiled a list of water trail resources, success stories, and statewide contacts for water trails.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shared-use">Shared-use</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Trail&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Shared-use">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Shared_use_path" class="mw-redirect" title="Shared use path">Shared use path</a> and <a href="/wiki/Trail_riding" title="Trail riding">Trail riding</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Taiwan_2009_JinGuaShi_Historic_Gold_Mine_Trail_Leading_to_Mining_Sites_FRD_8756.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photograph of an abandoned mining trail in Taiwan lined with shrubs and trees" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Taiwan_2009_JinGuaShi_Historic_Gold_Mine_Trail_Leading_to_Mining_Sites_FRD_8756.jpg/220px-Taiwan_2009_JinGuaShi_Historic_Gold_Mine_Trail_Leading_to_Mining_Sites_FRD_8756.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Taiwan_2009_JinGuaShi_Historic_Gold_Mine_Trail_Leading_to_Mining_Sites_FRD_8756.jpg/330px-Taiwan_2009_JinGuaShi_Historic_Gold_Mine_Trail_Leading_to_Mining_Sites_FRD_8756.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Taiwan_2009_JinGuaShi_Historic_Gold_Mine_Trail_Leading_to_Mining_Sites_FRD_8756.jpg/440px-Taiwan_2009_JinGuaShi_Historic_Gold_Mine_Trail_Leading_to_Mining_Sites_FRD_8756.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2828" data-file-height="4256" /></a><figcaption>An abandoned mining trail in the <a href="/wiki/Jinguashi" title="Jinguashi">Jinguashi</a> mining area in Taiwan</figcaption></figure>Shared use may be achieved by sharing a trail easement, but maintaining segregated and sometimes also separated trail treads within it. This is common with <a href="/wiki/Rail_trails" class="mw-redirect" title="Rail trails">rail trails</a>. Shared use may also refer to alternate day arrangements, whereby two uses are segregated by being permitted every other day. This is increasingly common on <a href="/wiki/Long-distance_trails" class="mw-redirect" title="Long-distance trails">long-distance trails</a> shared by equestrians and mountain bike users; these two user communities have similar trail requirements but may experience difficult encounters with each other on the trail. The <a href="/wiki/Trans_Canada_Trail" title="Trans Canada Trail">Trans Canada Trail</a> can be used by cyclists, hikers, horseback riders, and walkers, as well as <a href="/wiki/Cross_country_skiers" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross country skiers">cross-country skiers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Snowmobile" title="Snowmobile">snowmobilers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Snowshoe" title="Snowshoe">snowshoers</a> in winter.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> In the United States, the <a href="/wiki/East_Coast_Greenway" title="East Coast Greenway">East Coast Greenway</a>—3,000 mi (4,828 km) from Key West to the Canadian border<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a>— and the 11 September National Memorial Trail, a 1,300 mi (2,092 km) triangular loop connecting the three 9/11 memorial sites, are two long-distance multi-use paths for cyclists, runners, walkers, even equestrians.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> In Belgium <a href="/wiki/RAVeL_network" title="RAVeL network">RAVeL</a>, French for réseau autonome de voies lentes<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> (autonomous network of slow ways), is a <a href="/wiki/Wallonia" title="Wallonia">Walloon</a> initiative aimed at creating a network of route itineraries reserved for pedestrians, cyclists, horse riders and people with reduced mobility. The 1,350 km (840 mi) network makes use of towpaths on river banks and disused railway or <a href="/wiki/Vicinal_tramway" class="mw-redirect" title="Vicinal tramway">vicinal tramway</a> lines ( narrow-gauge tramways).<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> Old railway lines have been leased by the Walloon Government for 99 years using <a href="/wiki/Emphyteutic_lease" class="mw-redirect" title="Emphyteutic lease">emphyteutic lease</a> contracts.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> Where necessary, new paths are created to link parts of the network. In <a href="/wiki/England_and_Wales" title="England and Wales">England and Wales</a> a bridleway is a trail intended for use by equestrians,<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> but walkers also have a <a href="/wiki/Right_of_way_(transit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Right of way (transit)">right of way</a>, and Section 30 of the <a href="/wiki/Countryside_Act_1968" title="Countryside Act 1968">Countryside Act 1968</a>, permits the riding of bicycles (but not motor-cycles) on public bridleways, though the act says it "shall not create any obligation to facilitate the use of the bridleway by cyclists". Thus the right to cycle exists even though it may be difficult to exercise on occasion, especially in winter. Cyclists using a bridleway must give way to other users on foot or horseback.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Seawall_(Vancouver)" title="Seawall (Vancouver)">seawall</a> in <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Park" title="Stanley Park">Stanley Park</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vancouver,_British_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Vancouver, British Columbia">Vancouver, British Columbia</a>, Canada is popular for walking, running, cycling, and <a href="/wiki/Inline_skating" title="Inline skating">inline skating</a>. There are two paths, one for skaters and cyclists and the other for pedestrians. The lane for cyclists and skaters goes one-way in a counterclockwise loop.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> <a href="/wiki/Foreshoreway" class="mw-redirect" title="Foreshoreway">Foreshoreway</a> (also <a href="/wiki/Oceanway" class="mw-redirect" title="Oceanway">oceanway</a>) is a term used in <a href="/wiki/Australian_English" title="Australian English">Australia</a> for a type of <a href="/wiki/Greenway_(landscape)" title="Greenway (landscape)">greenway</a> that provides a public <a href="/wiki/Right_of_way_(transit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Right of way (transit)">right-of-way</a> along the edge of the sea open to both walkers and cyclists.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Forest_road">Forest road</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Trail&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Forest road">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mudway_at_Kambalakonda_Ecopark_Visakhapatnam.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photograph of a walkway through a forest" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Mudway_at_Kambalakonda_Ecopark_Visakhapatnam.JPG/220px-Mudway_at_Kambalakonda_Ecopark_Visakhapatnam.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Mudway_at_Kambalakonda_Ecopark_Visakhapatnam.JPG/330px-Mudway_at_Kambalakonda_Ecopark_Visakhapatnam.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Mudway_at_Kambalakonda_Ecopark_Visakhapatnam.JPG/440px-Mudway_at_Kambalakonda_Ecopark_Visakhapatnam.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Trail in Kambalakonda Ecopark near <a href="/wiki/Visakhapatnam" title="Visakhapatnam">Visakhapatnam</a></figcaption></figure> A <a href="/wiki/Forest_road" class="mw-redirect" title="Forest road">forest road</a> is a type of rudimentary access road, built mainly for the <a href="/wiki/Forest_industry" class="mw-redirect" title="Forest industry">forest industry</a>. In some cases they are used for <a href="/wiki/Backcountry" title="Backcountry">backcountry</a> recreation access. There is open access to most <a href="/wiki/Forestry_Commission" title="Forestry Commission">Forestry Commission</a> roads and land in Great Britain for walkers, cyclists and horse riders and, since the Countryside Bill of 1968, it has become the largest provider of outdoor recreation in Britain.<a href="#cite_note-largestOutdoor-59">[59]</a> The commission works with associations involved in <a href="/wiki/Ramblers" class="mw-redirect" title="Ramblers">rambling</a>, cycling, mountain biking and <a href="/wiki/Horse_riding" class="mw-redirect" title="Horse riding">horse riding</a> to promote the use of its land for recreation. The trails open to the public are not just forest roads. A notable example of the commission's promotion of outdoor activity is the <a href="/wiki/7stanes" title="7stanes">7stanes</a> project in Scotland, where seven purpose built areas of mountain bike trails have been laid, including facilities for disabled cyclists.<a href="#cite_note-disabledBikers-60">[60]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Holloway">Holloway</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Trail&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Holloway">edit</a>]</div> A Holloway (also hollow way) is a <a href="/wiki/Sunken_lane" title="Sunken lane">sunken path or lane</a>, i.e., a road or track that is significantly lower than the land on either side, not formed by the (recent) engineering of a road cutting but possibly of much greater age. Various mechanisms have been proposed for how holloways may have been formed, including erosion by water or traffic; the digging of embankments to assist with the herding of livestock; and the digging of double banks to mark the boundaries of estates. These mechanisms are all possible and could apply in different cases.<a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Rail">Rail</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Trail&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Rail">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_rail_trails" title="List of rail trails">List of rail trails</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Parkland_Walk_Islington.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A Photograph of the Parkland Walk rail trail in London" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Parkland_Walk_Islington.jpg/220px-Parkland_Walk_Islington.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Parkland_Walk_Islington.jpg/330px-Parkland_Walk_Islington.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Parkland_Walk_Islington.jpg/440px-Parkland_Walk_Islington.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Parkland_Walk" title="Parkland Walk">Parkland Walk</a> rail trail, <a href="/wiki/Islington" title="Islington">Islington</a>, London, England</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Rail_trails" class="mw-redirect" title="Rail trails">Rail trails</a> or paths are shared-use paths that take advantage of abandoned railway corridors. They can be used for walking, cycling and horseback riding. They exist throughout the world. RailTrails Australia describes them as:<blockquote>Following the route of the railways, they cut through hills, under roads, over embankments and across gullies and creeks. Apart from being great places to walk, cycle or horse ride, rail trails are linear conservation corridors protecting native plants and animals. They often link remnant vegetation in farming areas and contain valuable flora and fauna habitat. Wineries and other attractions are near many trails as well as B&B's and other great places to stay.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a></blockquote> Most trails have a gravel or dirt surface suitable for walking, mountain bikes and horses. In the USA the 42 mi (68 km) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cheshire_Rail_Trail&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cheshire Rail Trail (page does not exist)">Cheshire Rail Trail</a>, in <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire" title="New Hampshire">New Hampshire</a>, can be used by hikers, horseback riders, snowmobilers, cross-country skiers, cyclists, and even <a href="/wiki/Dog_sled" title="Dog sled">dogsledders</a>.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> In Canada, following the abandonment of the <a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island_Railway" title="Prince Edward Island Railway">Prince Edward Island Railway</a> in 1989, the government of <a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island" title="Prince Edward Island">Prince Edward Island</a> purchased the right-of-way to the entire railway system. The <a href="/wiki/Confederation_Trail" title="Confederation Trail">Confederation Trail</a> was developed as a tip-to-tip walking/cycling gravel rail trail which doubles as a monitored and groomed snowmobile trail during the winter months, operated by the PEI Snowmobile Association. A considerable part of the <a href="/wiki/Trans_Canada_trail" class="mw-redirect" title="Trans Canada trail">Trans Canada trail</a> is repurposed defunct rail lines donated to provincial governments by the <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Pacific" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian Pacific">Canadian Pacific</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canadian_National" class="mw-redirect" title="Canadian National">Canadian National</a> railways rebuilt as walking trails. Much of the Trans Canada Trail development emulated the successful <a href="/wiki/Rails-to-Trails" class="mw-redirect" title="Rails-to-Trails">Rails-to-Trails</a> initiative in the United States. The Trail is multi-use and depending on the section may allow hikers, bicyclists, horseback riders, cross-country skiers and snowmobilers.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Towpath">Towpath</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Trail&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Towpath">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Canal_swains_lock_20040911_121236_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photograph of a dirt towpath beside a canal with a lock with a house in the background" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Canal_swains_lock_20040911_121236_2.jpg/220px-Canal_swains_lock_20040911_121236_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Canal_swains_lock_20040911_121236_2.jpg/330px-Canal_swains_lock_20040911_121236_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Canal_swains_lock_20040911_121236_2.jpg/440px-Canal_swains_lock_20040911_121236_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Swain's Lock on the C & O Canal in <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a>, US</figcaption></figure> A <a href="/wiki/Towpath" title="Towpath">towpath</a> is a road or path on the bank of a river, canal, or other inland waterway. The original purpose of a towpath was to allow a horse, or a team of human pullers, to tow a boat, often a <a href="/wiki/Barge" title="Barge">barge</a>. They can be <a href="/wiki/Road_surface" title="Road surface">paved</a> or unpaved and are popular with cyclists and walkers; some are suitable for equestrians. Equestrians have legal access to all towpaths in Scotland, and there is a campaign for similar rights in England and Wales.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> In snowy winters in the USA they are popular with cross-country skiers and snowmobile users.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> Most canals were owned by private companies in Britain, and the towpaths were deemed to be private, for the benefit of legitimate users of the canal. The nationalisation of the canal system in 1948 did not result in the towpaths becoming public rights of way, and subsequent legislation, such as the Transport Act of 1968, which defined the government's obligations to the maintenance of the inland waterways for which it was now responsible, did not include any commitment to maintain towpaths for use by anyone.<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-67">[67]</a> Ten years later <a href="/wiki/British_Waterways" title="British Waterways">British Waterways</a> started to relax the rule that a permit was required to give access to a towpath, and began to encourage leisure usage by walkers, anglers and in some areas, cyclists.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> The <a href="/wiki/British_Waterways_Act_1995" class="mw-redirect" title="British Waterways Act 1995">British Waterways Act 1995</a> still did not enshrine any right of public access, although it did encourage recreational access of all kinds to the network,<a href="#cite_note-ReferenceA-67">[67]</a> although the steady development of the leisure use of the canals and the decline of commercial traffic had resulted in a general acceptance that towpaths are open to everyone, and not just boat users.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> The concept of free access to towpaths is enshrined in the legislation which transferred responsibility for the English and Welsh canals from British Waterways to the <a href="/wiki/Canal_%26_River_Trust" title="Canal & River Trust">Canal & River Trust</a> in 2012.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> Not all towpaths are suitable for use by cyclists, but where they are, and the canal is owned by British Waterways, a permit is required. There is no charge for a permit, but it acts as an opportunity to inform cyclists about safe and unsafe areas to cycle. Some areas including London are exempt from this policy, but are covered instead by the London Towpath Code of Conduct and cyclists must have a bell, which they ring twice when approaching pedestrians. Parts of some towpaths have been incorporated into the National Cycle Network, and in most cases this has resulted in the surface being improved.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> In France it is possible to cycle, <a href="/wiki/Rollerblade" title="Rollerblade">rollerblade</a>, and hike along the banks of the <a href="/wiki/Canal_du_Midi" title="Canal du Midi">Canal du Midi</a>. A paved stretch of 50 km (31 mi) from <a href="/wiki/Toulouse" title="Toulouse">Toulouse</a> to <a href="/wiki/Avignonet-Lauragais" title="Avignonet-Lauragais">Avignonet-Lauragais</a> and another 12 km (7.5 mi) between <a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9ziers" title="Béziers">Béziers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portiragnes" title="Portiragnes">Portiragnes</a> are particularly suited to cycling and rollerblading. It is possible to cycle or walk the entire <a href="/wiki/Canal_des_Deux_Mers" title="Canal des Deux Mers">Canal des Deux Mers</a> from <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8te" title="Sète">Sète</a> to <a href="/wiki/Bordeaux" title="Bordeaux">Bordeaux</a>.<a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a> Other French canals provide walkers "with many excellent routes, as they are always accompanied by a towpath, which makes a pleasant off-road track, and have the added virtues of flatness, shade and an abundance of villages along the way", though walking a canal can be monotonous, so that "a long trip beside a canal is better done by bicycle".<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Walnut_Creek_Urban_Trail_Austin_Texas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photograph of a concrete urban trail running alongside a road" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Walnut_Creek_Urban_Trail_Austin_Texas.jpg/220px-Walnut_Creek_Urban_Trail_Austin_Texas.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Walnut_Creek_Urban_Trail_Austin_Texas.jpg/330px-Walnut_Creek_Urban_Trail_Austin_Texas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/83/Walnut_Creek_Urban_Trail_Austin_Texas.jpg/440px-Walnut_Creek_Urban_Trail_Austin_Texas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2667" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>Part of the Northern Walnut Creek Trail, an urban trail in Austin, Texas, United States</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Urban">Urban</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Trail&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Urban">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Greenway_(landscape)" title="Greenway (landscape)">Greenway (landscape)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Linear_park" title="Linear park">Linear park</a></div> An urban trail is a citywide network of non-motorized, multi-use pathways that are used by bicyclists, walkers and runners for both transportation and recreation.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> Urban trails average ten foot in width and are surfaced with asphalt or concrete. Some are striped likes roads to designate two-way traffic. Urban trails are designed with connections to neighborhoods, businesses, places of employment and public transport stops.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Alley">Alley</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Trail&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Alley">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:FanTanAlley.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photograph of an alley with a man walking through it" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/FanTanAlley.jpg/220px-FanTanAlley.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/FanTanAlley.jpg/330px-FanTanAlley.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/FanTanAlley.jpg/440px-FanTanAlley.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1656" data-file-height="1242" /></a><figcaption>View into Fan Tan Alley, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada</figcaption></figure> Urban pedestrian footpaths are sometimes called <a href="/wiki/Alleys" class="mw-redirect" title="Alleys">alleys</a> or lanes and in older cities and towns in Europe and are often what is left of a medieval street network or rights-of-way or ancient footpaths. Similar paths also exist in some older North American towns and cities, like <a href="/wiki/Charleston,_South_Carolina" title="Charleston, South Carolina">Charleston, South Carolina</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_Castle,_Delaware" title="New Castle, Delaware">New Castle, Delaware</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh" title="Pittsburgh">Pittsburgh</a>, Pennsylvania. Such urban trails or footpaths are narrow, usually paved and often between the walls of buildings. This type is usually short and straight, and on steep ground can consist partially or entirely of steps. Some are named. Because of geography <a href="/wiki/Stairs" title="Stairs">steps</a> are a common form of footpath in hilly cities and towns. This includes Pittsburgh (see <a href="/wiki/Steps_of_Pittsburgh" title="Steps of Pittsburgh">Steps of Pittsburgh</a>), <a href="/wiki/Cincinnati" title="Cincinnati">Cincinnati</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Steps_of_Cincinnati" title="Steps of Cincinnati">Steps of Cincinnati</a>), <a href="/wiki/Seattle" title="Seattle">Seattle</a>,<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> and San Francisco<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> in the United States, as well as Hong Kong,<a href="#cite_note-77">[77]</a> <a href="/wiki/Quebec_City" title="Quebec City">Quebec City</a>, Quebec, Canada,<a href="#cite_note-78">[78]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> <a href="/wiki/Stairway" class="mw-redirect" title="Stairway">Stairway</a> trails are found in a number of hilly American cities. This includes the Stairway Trails in <a href="/wiki/Bernal_Heights,_San_Francisco,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Bernal Heights, San Francisco, California">Bernal Heights</a>, East San Francisco.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="System_layout">System layout</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Trail&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: System layout">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Linear">Linear</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Trail&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Linear">edit</a>]</div> A linear trail goes from one point to another without connecting trails.<a href="#cite_note-Connections-2008-81">[81]</a> These trails are also known as "out-and-back" or "destination" trails. Rail trails and long-distance trails are examples of linear trails. Linear trails usually follow long distances. A shorter linear trail is a spur trail, which takes a user to a particular point-of-interest, such as a waterfall or mountain summit.<a href="#cite_note-Connections-2008-81">[81]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Looped">Looped</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Trail&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Looped">edit</a>]</div> A looped trail allows a user to end up where they started with either minimal or no repeating parts of the trail.<a href="#cite_note-Connections-2008-81">[81]</a> Looped-trail systems come in many permutations. A single-looped trail system is often used around lakes, wetlands, and other geological features.<a href="#cite_note-PA_Department_of_Conservation_and_Natural_Resources_(DCNR)-2013-82">[82]</a> A series of looped trails is a stacked-loop trail system. A stacked loop trail system has several interconnected looped trails. This creates an efficient, compact design with many route options. In a multiple-loop system, each loop extends from a single trailhead. Trail systems often combine linear trails with looped trails. In a spoked-wheel system, linear trails connect a central trailhead with an outer loop. In a primary-and-secondary loop system, linear trails connect a primary loop with secondary loops. Last, a maze system incorporates both loops and linear trails. Maze systems provide users many choices; some users may find navigation difficult.<a href="#cite_note-PA_Department_of_Conservation_and_Natural_Resources_(DCNR)-2013-82">[82]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administration">Administration</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Trail&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Administration">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europe">Europe</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Trail&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Europe">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Refuge_Bel-Lachat_gr5_Chamonix.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A walker silhouetted by a cabin on mountain slope" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Refuge_Bel-Lachat_gr5_Chamonix.jpg/220px-Refuge_Bel-Lachat_gr5_Chamonix.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Refuge_Bel-Lachat_gr5_Chamonix.jpg/330px-Refuge_Bel-Lachat_gr5_Chamonix.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Refuge_Bel-Lachat_gr5_Chamonix.jpg/440px-Refuge_Bel-Lachat_gr5_Chamonix.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption>A walker preparing to leave the Refuge de Bel Lachat, <a href="/wiki/Chamonix" title="Chamonix">Chamonix</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/French_Alps" title="French Alps">French Alps</a>, on the long-distance path <a href="/wiki/GR5" class="mw-redirect" title="GR5">GR5</a></figcaption></figure> A group of public and private organisations from the eight Alpine countries in Europe created the <a href="/wiki/Via_Alpina" title="Via Alpina">Via Alpina</a> in 2000, receiving EU funding from 2001 until 2008. It was initiated by the Association <a href="/wiki/Grande_Travers%C3%A9e_des_Alpes" title="Grande Traversée des Alpes">Grande Traversée des Alpes</a> in <a href="/wiki/Grenoble" title="Grenoble">Grenoble</a>, which hosted the Via Alpina international secretariat until January 2014, when it was transferred to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=International_Commission_for_the_Protection_of_the_Alps&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="International Commission for the Protection of the Alps (page does not exist)">International Commission for the Protection of the Alps</a> CIPRA, in Liechtenstein. There are national secretariats (hosted by public administrations or hiking associations) in each country. Its aim is to support sustainable development in remote mountain areas and promote the Alpine cultures and cultural exchanges.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[84]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Grande_Randonn%C3%A9e" class="mw-redirect" title="Grande Randonnée">Grande Randonnée</a> (French), Grote Routepaden or Lange-afstand-wandelpaden (Dutch), Grande Rota (Portuguese) or Gran Recorrido (Spanish) is a network of <a href="/wiki/Long-distance_footpaths" class="mw-redirect" title="Long-distance footpaths">long-distance footpaths</a> in Europe, mostly in France, Belgium, the Netherlands and Spain. Many GR routes make up part of the longer <a href="/wiki/European_walking_routes" class="mw-redirect" title="European walking routes">European walking routes</a> which cross several countries. In France alone, the trails cover approximately 60,000 km (37,000 mi). In France, the network is maintained by the Fédération Française de la Randonnée Pédestre (French Hiking Federation),<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> and in Spain by the Spanish Mountain Sports Federation.<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="UK_and_Ireland">UK and Ireland</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Trail&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: UK and Ireland">edit</a>]</div> In England and Wales, many trails and footpaths are of ancient origin and are protected under law as <a href="/wiki/Rights_of_way_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Rights of way in the United Kingdom">rights of way</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ireland" title="Republic of Ireland">Ireland</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Keep_Ireland_Open" title="Keep Ireland Open">Keep Ireland Open</a> organization is campaigning for similar rights.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> Local highway authorities, in England and Wales, (usually <a href="/wiki/County_councils" class="mw-redirect" title="County councils">county councils</a> or <a href="/wiki/Unitary_authority#United_Kingdom" title="Unitary authority">unitary authorities</a>) are required to maintain the definitive map of all public rights of way in their areas, and these can be inspected at council offices. If a path is shown on the <a href="/wiki/Definitive_map" title="Definitive map">definitive map</a>, and no subsequent order (e.g. a stopping up) exists, then the right of way is conclusive in law. But just because a path is not on that map, does not mean that it is not a public path, as the rights may not have been recorded. The <a href="/wiki/Countryside_Agency" title="Countryside Agency">Countryside Agency</a> estimated that over 10% of public paths are not yet listed on the definitive map. The <a href="/wiki/Countryside_and_Rights_of_Way_Act_2000" title="Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000">Countryside and Rights of Way Act 2000</a> provides that paths that are not recorded on the definitive map by 2026 and that were in use prior to 1949 will automatically be deemed stopped-up on 1 January 2026.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> In Scotland, <a href="/wiki/Rights_of_way_in_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Rights of way in Scotland">a right of way</a> is a route over which the public has passed unhindered for at least 20 years.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> The route must link two "public places", such as villages, churches or roads. Unlike in England and Wales, there is no obligation on Scottish <a href="/wiki/Local_government_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Local government of Scotland">local authorities</a> to signpost or mark a right of way. The charity <a href="/wiki/Scotways" class="mw-redirect" title="Scotways">Scotways</a>, formed in 1845 to protect rights of way, records and signs the routes. There is no legal distinction between <a href="/wiki/Footpaths" class="mw-redirect" title="Footpaths">footpaths</a> and bridleways in Scotland, as there is in England and Wales, though it is generally accepted that cyclists and horseback riders may follow rights of way with suitable surfaces.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Scottish_Rights_of_Way_Society_Sign_-_geograph.org.uk_-_249365.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photograph of a sign indicating a Scottish public path" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Scottish_Rights_of_Way_Society_Sign_-_geograph.org.uk_-_249365.jpg/220px-Scottish_Rights_of_Way_Society_Sign_-_geograph.org.uk_-_249365.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Scottish_Rights_of_Way_Society_Sign_-_geograph.org.uk_-_249365.jpg/330px-Scottish_Rights_of_Way_Society_Sign_-_geograph.org.uk_-_249365.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Scottish_Rights_of_Way_Society_Sign_-_geograph.org.uk_-_249365.jpg/440px-Scottish_Rights_of_Way_Society_Sign_-_geograph.org.uk_-_249365.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Scotways sign for a Scottish public path</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Land_Reform_(Scotland)_Act_2003" title="Land Reform (Scotland) Act 2003">Land Reform (Scotland) Act 2003</a> established a general presumption of access to all land in Scotland, making the existence of rights of way less important in terms of access to land in Scotland. Certain categories of land are excluded from this presumption of open access such as railway land, airfields and private gardens.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a> <a href="/wiki/Northern_Ireland" title="Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a> has very few public rights of way and access to land there is more restricted than other parts of the UK. In many areas, walkers can enjoy the countryside only because of the goodwill and tolerance of landowners.<a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> Northern Ireland shares the same legal system as England, including concepts about the ownership of land and public rights of way, but it has its own court structure, system of precedents and specific access legislation.<a href="#cite_note-92">[92]</a> In England and Wales a National Trails system of <a href="/wiki/Long-distance_footpath" class="mw-redirect" title="Long-distance footpath">long-distance footpaths</a> also exists administered by <a href="/wiki/Natural_England" title="Natural England">Natural England</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Natural_Resources_Wales" title="Natural Resources Wales">Natural Resources Wales</a>, statutory agencies of the <a href="/wiki/UK_government" class="mw-redirect" title="UK government">UK</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Welsh_Government" title="Welsh Government">Welsh Governments</a>, respectively. These include <a href="/wiki/Hadrian%27s_Wall_Path" title="Hadrian's Wall Path">Hadrian's Wall Path</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Pembrokeshire_Coast_Path" title="Pembrokeshire Coast Path">Pembrokeshire Coast Path</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Pennine_Bridleway" title="Pennine Bridleway">Pennine Bridleway</a> (bridleway), the <a href="/wiki/South_West_Coast_Path" title="South West Coast Path">South West Coast Path</a> (South West Way) (the longest), and the <a href="/wiki/Thames_Path" title="Thames Path">Thames Path</a>, and many more. Together these are over 4,000 km (2,500 mi) long.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> In Scotland, the equivalent trails are called <a href="/wiki/Scotland%27s_Great_Trails" title="Scotland's Great Trails">Scotland's Great Trails</a> and are administered by <a href="/wiki/NatureScot" title="NatureScot">NatureScot</a>. The first, and probably the most popular, is the <a href="/wiki/West_Highland_Way" title="West Highland Way">West Highland Way</a>, which is 152 km (94 mi) long and was opened in 1980.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> <a href="/wiki/Sustrans" title="Sustrans">Sustrans</a> is a British charity that promotes <a href="/wiki/Sustainable_transport" title="Sustainable transport">sustainable transport</a>, and it works on projects to encourage people to walk, <a href="/wiki/Bicycle" title="Bicycle">cycle</a>, and use public transport, to give people the choice of "travelling in ways that benefit their health and the environment".<a href="#cite_note-Sustrans,-95">[95]</a> Sustrans' flagship project is the National Cycle Network, which has created over 14,000 mi (23,000 km) of signed <a href="/wiki/Cycle_route" class="mw-redirect" title="Cycle route">cycle routes</a> throughout the UK.<a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Trail&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: United States">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cascade_pass.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photograph of a trail at the foot of a mountain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Cascade_pass.jpg/220px-Cascade_pass.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Cascade_pass.jpg/330px-Cascade_pass.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Cascade_pass.jpg/440px-Cascade_pass.jpg 2x" data-file-width="790" data-file-height="590" /></a><figcaption>A trail north of Cascade Pass, <a href="/wiki/North_Cascades_National_Park" title="North Cascades National Park">North Cascades National Park</a>, Washington, United States</figcaption></figure> In 1968, the United States' <a href="/wiki/National_Trails_System" title="National Trails System">National Trails System</a>, which includes <a href="/wiki/National_Scenic_Trails" class="mw-redirect" title="National Scenic Trails">National Scenic Trails</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Historic_Trail" class="mw-redirect" title="National Historic Trail">National Historic Trails</a> and <a href="/wiki/National_Recreation_Trail" class="mw-redirect" title="National Recreation Trail">National Recreation Trails</a>, was created under the National Trails System Act.<a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> The most famous American long trails are the <a href="/wiki/Appalachian_National_Scenic_Trail" class="mw-redirect" title="Appalachian National Scenic Trail">Appalachian National Scenic Trail</a>, generally known as the Appalachian Trail and the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Crest_Trail" title="Pacific Crest Trail">Pacific Crest Trail</a>. The Appalachian Trail is a marked hiking route in the eastern United States extending between <a href="/wiki/Springer_Mountain" title="Springer Mountain">Springer Mountain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mount_Katahdin" title="Mount Katahdin">Mount Katahdin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maine" title="Maine">Maine</a>.<a href="#cite_note-OFAQ-98">[98]</a> The trail is approximately 2,200 miles (3,500 km) long.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> The Pacific Crest Trail is a long-distance hiking and equestrian trail closely aligned with the highest portion of the <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Nevada_(U.S.)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sierra Nevada (U.S.)">Sierra Nevada</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cascade_Range" title="Cascade Range">Cascade</a> mountain ranges, which lie 100 to 150 miles (160 to 240 km) east of the US Pacific coast. The trail's southern terminus is on the US border with Mexico and its northern terminus on the US-Canada border on the edge of <a href="/wiki/Manning_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Manning Park">Manning Park</a> in British Columbia, Canada; its corridor through the US is in the states of California, <a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">Oregon</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Washington_(state)" title="Washington (state)">Washington</a>. It is 2,663 miles (4,286 km) long.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> The land management agency in charge of a trail writes and enforces the rules and regulations for it. A trail may be completely contained within one administration (e.g. a State Park) or it may pass through multiple administrations, leading to a confusing array of regulations, allowing dogs or mountain bikes in one segment but not in another, or requiring <a href="/wiki/National_Wilderness_Preservation_System" title="National Wilderness Preservation System">Wilderness Permits</a> for a portion of the trail, but not everywhere.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In the United States agencies administering trails include the National Park Service, the <a href="/wiki/US_Forest_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="US Forest Service">US Forest Service</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bureau_of_Land_Management" title="Bureau of Land Management">Bureau of Land Management</a>, State Park systems, County Parks, cities, private organizations such as land trusts, businesses and individual property owners.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] New trail construction by an agency must often be assessed for its environmental impact and conformance with State or Federal laws. For example, in California new trails must undergo reviews specified by the <a href="/wiki/California_Environmental_Quality_Act" title="California Environmental Quality Act">California Environmental Quality Act</a> (CEQA).<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Universal_access">Universal access</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Trail&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Universal access">edit</a>]</div> All trails and shared use paths—indeed, any areas open to pedestrians—that are owned or operated by a public or private entity covered by the <a href="/wiki/Americans_with_Disabilities_Act_of_1990" title="Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990">Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990</a> are subject to federal regulations on Other Power-Driven Mobility Devices ("OPDMDs"). These rules potentially greatly expand the types of vehicular devices that must be permitted on trails, shared use paths, other routes, and other areas open to the public. This publication discusses ways to manage access by these vehicles.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a> There are many types of non-motorized, land-based recreational trails and shared use paths: hiker and pedestrian trails, mountain biking trails, equestrian trails, and multi-use trails designed for several user types. The companion guide to this publication, the 2013 Pennsylvania Trail Design and Development Principles: Guidelines for Sustainable, Non-Motorized Trails (the "Pennsylvania Trail Design Manual"), provides guidance and detailed information about the characteristics of the various types of trails and paths. The publication is a resource to help evaluate, plan, design, construct, and manage a route on a site. The publication Universal Access Trails and Shared Use Paths: Design, Management, Ethical and Legal Considerations focuses on the accessibility aspects of the most commonly constructed types.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Construction">Construction</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Trail&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Construction">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Under_the_rumbling_Steinsdalsfossen.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photograph of a trail under a waterfall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Under_the_rumbling_Steinsdalsfossen.png/220px-Under_the_rumbling_Steinsdalsfossen.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Under_the_rumbling_Steinsdalsfossen.png/330px-Under_the_rumbling_Steinsdalsfossen.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Under_the_rumbling_Steinsdalsfossen.png/440px-Under_the_rumbling_Steinsdalsfossen.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="533" /></a><figcaption>A trail constructed under the waterfall <a href="/wiki/Steinsdalsfossen" title="Steinsdalsfossen">Steinsdalsfossen</a>, Norway</figcaption></figure> While most trails have arisen through common usage, the design and construction of good quality new paths is a complex process that requires certain skills. When a trail passes across a flat area that is not wet, brush, tree limbs and undergrowth are removed to create a clear, walkable trail. A bridge is built when a stream or river is sufficiently deep to make it necessary. Other options are <a href="/wiki/Culverts" class="mw-redirect" title="Culverts">culverts</a>, <a href="/wiki/Step-stone_bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Step-stone bridge">stepping stones</a>, and shallow fords. For equestrian use, shallow <a href="/wiki/Ford_(crossing)" title="Ford (crossing)">fords</a> may be preferred. In wet areas an elevated trailway with fill or a <a href="/wiki/Boardwalk" title="Boardwalk">boardwalk</a> is often used, though boardwalks require frequent maintenance and replacement, because boards in poor condition can become slippery and hazardous.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Slopes">Slopes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Trail&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Slopes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Trail" title="Special:EditPage/Trail">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2021) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> Trail gradients are determined based on a site specific assessment of soils and geology, drainage patterns of the slope, surrounding vegetation types, position on the slope of a given trail segment (bottom, mid-slope, ridgeline), average precipitation, storm intensities, types of use, volume and intensity of use, and a host of other factors affecting the ability of the trail substrate to resist erosion and provide a navigable surface. Trails that ascend steep slopes may use <a href="/wiki/Hairpin_turn" title="Hairpin turn">switchbacks</a>, but switchback design and construction is a specialized topic. Trails that are accessible by users with disabilities are mandated by the U.S. Federal Government to have slope of less than 12%, with no more than 30% of the trail having slope greater than 8.33%.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a> Trails outside of wilderness areas have outward side-to-side gradients less than 8%,.<a href="#cite_note-NCT-106">[106]</a> A flat or inward-sloping trail collects water and causes extra trail maintenance.<a href="#cite_note-NCT-106">[106]</a> The ideal path is built almost, but not quite, level in cross-section. To achieve a proper slope in hilly terrain, a sidehill trail is excavated. This type of trailway is created by establishing a line of a suitable slope across a hillside, which is then dug out by means of a <a href="/wiki/Mattock" title="Mattock">mattock</a> or similar tool. This may be a full-bench trail, where the treadway is only on the firm ground surface after the overlying soil is removed and sidecast (thrown to the side as waste), or a half-bench trail, where soil is removed and packed to the side so that the treadway is half on firm old ground and half on new packed fill. In areas near drainages, creeks and other waterways, excavation spoils are taken away in bulk and deposited in an environmentally benign area. Trails are established entirely on fill in problem areas. In such cases, the soil is packed down firmly and the site is periodically checked to maintain the stability of the trail. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mohonk_Mountain_House_2011_Hiking_Trail_against_Guest_Rooms_2_FRD_3281.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A stairway trail on the side of a hill overlooking a river" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Mohonk_Mountain_House_2011_Hiking_Trail_against_Guest_Rooms_2_FRD_3281.jpg/220px-Mohonk_Mountain_House_2011_Hiking_Trail_against_Guest_Rooms_2_FRD_3281.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Mohonk_Mountain_House_2011_Hiking_Trail_against_Guest_Rooms_2_FRD_3281.jpg/330px-Mohonk_Mountain_House_2011_Hiking_Trail_against_Guest_Rooms_2_FRD_3281.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Mohonk_Mountain_House_2011_Hiking_Trail_against_Guest_Rooms_2_FRD_3281.jpg/440px-Mohonk_Mountain_House_2011_Hiking_Trail_against_Guest_Rooms_2_FRD_3281.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4256" data-file-height="2828" /></a><figcaption>Parts of many hiking trails at <a href="/wiki/Mohonk_Mountain_House" title="Mohonk Mountain House">Mohonk Mountain House</a> include stairway trails</figcaption></figure> Cycle trails built for commuting may be built to a different set of standards than pedestrian-only trails and, in some cases, may require a harder surface, fewer changes in grade and slope, increased sight visibility, and fewer sharp changes in direction. On the other hand, the cross-slope of a bicycle trail may be significantly greater than a foot trail, and the path may be narrower in some cases. The <a href="/wiki/American_Association_of_State_Highway_and_Transportation_Officials" title="American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials">American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials</a> recommends different widths for different types of bicycle facilities.<a href="#cite_note-aashto-107">[107]</a> For example, a shared use path has a recommended one directional width of 8 feet (2.44 m), while a bidirectional path should be significantly wider (10 to 12 feet or 3.05 to 3.66 metres) to accommodate bidirectional traffic and users. The US Department of Transportation provides additional guidance on recreational bicycle and pedestrian trail planning and design standards.<a href="#cite_note-108">[108]</a> A well designed recreational <a href="/wiki/Mountain_bike" title="Mountain bike">mountain bike</a> path for the exclusive use of bicycles has an average grade of less than 10% and generally follows a <a href="/wiki/Contour_line" title="Contour line">contour line</a>, rather than straight downhill. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Drainage">Drainage</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Trail&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Drainage">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a>. Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Trail" title="Special:EditPage/Trail">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2021) (<a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a>)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Waterbar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photograph showing a waterbar drainage ditch to the left, the trail to the right" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Waterbar.jpg/170px-Waterbar.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Waterbar.jpg/255px-Waterbar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Waterbar.jpg/340px-Waterbar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="881" data-file-height="1076" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Waterbar" title="Waterbar">waterbar</a> in New York's <a href="/wiki/Catskill_Mountains" title="Catskill Mountains">Catskill Mountains</a>. The trail forks right; the drainage ditch is to the left.</figcaption></figure> Trail construction requires proper drainage. If drainage is inadequate, three issues may occur: water may accumulate on flat terrain to the point that the trail becomes unusable; moving water can erode trails on slopes; or inadequate drainage may create local mud spots. Mountain bike trails slope out or across the trail 3–5% downhill to encourage water to run off the side, rather than down the trail bed.<a href="#cite_note-DBST-109">[109]</a> To remedy the first problem, water accumulation on flat terrain, raised walkways are often built. They include turnpikes, causeways, embankments, stepping stones, and bridges (or deckwalks).<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> The earthen approaches are often done by cutting poles from the woods, staking parallel poles in place on the ground, then filling between them with whatever material is available to create the raised walkway. The more elaborate option of the deckwalk is by necessity reserved for shorter stretches in very high-traffic areas. Water accumulation is particularly common in the <a href="/wiki/Northern_England" title="Northern England">North Country</a> of England. The second problem, water erosion, is caused because trails, by their nature, tend to become <a href="/wiki/Drainage" title="Drainage">drainage</a> channels and eventually gullies when the drainage is poorly controlled. Where a trail is near the top of a hill or ridge, this is usually a minor issue, but when it is farther down, it can become a very major one. In areas of heavy water flow along a trail, a ditch is often dug on the uphill side of the trail with drainage points across the trail. The cross-drainage is also accomplished by means of culverts cleared on a semi-annual basis, or by means of cross-channels, often created by placing logs or timbers across the trail in a downhill direction, called "thank-you-marms", "deadmen", or <a href="/wiki/Waterbars" class="mw-redirect" title="Waterbars">waterbars</a>. Timbers or rocks are also used for this purpose to create erosion barriers. Rock paving in the bottom of these channels and in the trailside ditches is sometimes used to maintain stability. The creation of water bars, with or without ditching, at major points of water flow on or along the trail, and in conjunction with existing drainage channels below the trail, is a technique that can be applied. Another technique that has been adopted is the construction of coweeta dips, or drain dips, points on the trail where it falls briefly (for a meter or so) and then rises again. These provide positive drainage points that are almost never clogged by debris. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Black_Hill_(Peak_District).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Photograph of a stone path laid across boggy ground" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Black_Hill_%28Peak_District%29.jpg/220px-Black_Hill_%28Peak_District%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Black_Hill_%28Peak_District%29.jpg/330px-Black_Hill_%28Peak_District%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Black_Hill_%28Peak_District%29.jpg/440px-Black_Hill_%28Peak_District%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Black_Hill_(Peak_District)" title="Black Hill (Peak District)">Black Hill (Peak District)</a>, Cheshire, England, where a stone path was laid across boggy ground</figcaption></figure> The third type of problem can occur both on bottomlands and on ridgetops and a variety of other spots. A local spot or short stretch of the trail may be chronically wet. If the trail is not directly on rock, then a mud pit forms. Trail users go to the side of the trail to avoid the mud pit, and the trail becomes widened. A "corduroy" is a technique used when an area cannot be drained. This ranges from random sticks to split logs being laid across the path. Some early turnpikes in the United States were <a href="/wiki/Corduroy_road" title="Corduroy road">corduroy roads</a>, and these can still be found in third-world forested areas. With recreational trails, it is common for the sticks to be one to three inches thick and laid in place, close together. Sometimes, a short bridge is used.<a href="#cite_note-DBST-109">[109]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Maintenance">Maintenance</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Trail&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Maintenance">edit</a>]</div> Natural surface, single-track trails will require some ongoing maintenance. If the trail is properly designed and constructed, maintenance should be limited to clearing downed trees, trimming back brush and clearing drainages. Depending on location, if the trail is properly designed, there should be no need for major rework such as grading or erosion control efforts. Mountain trails which see both significant rainfall and human traffic may require "trail hardening" efforts to prevent further erosion. Most of the seemingly natural rock steps on the mountain trails of the northeast United States are the work of professional and volunteer trail crews.<a href="#cite_note-DBST-109">[109]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Navigation">Navigation</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Trail&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Navigation">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Trail_blazing" title="Trail blazing">Trail blazing</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Trail_blaze-symbols.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Illustration of the common symbols used in trail blazing in the US" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Trail_blaze-symbols.svg/220px-Trail_blaze-symbols.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Trail_blaze-symbols.svg/330px-Trail_blaze-symbols.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Trail_blaze-symbols.svg/440px-Trail_blaze-symbols.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>The most common symbols used in <a href="/wiki/Trail_blazing" title="Trail blazing">trail blazing</a> in the US</figcaption></figure> For long-distance trails, or trails where there is any possibility of someone taking a wrong turn, <a href="/wiki/Trail_blazing" title="Trail blazing">blazing</a> or signage is provided (the term <a href="/wiki/Waymarking" class="mw-redirect" title="Waymarking">waymarking</a> is used in Britain). This is accomplished by using either paint on natural surfaces or by placing pre-made medallions or sometimes <a href="/wiki/Cairn" title="Cairn">cairns</a>. Horseshoe-shaped blazes are used frequently for bridle trails. The <a href="/wiki/Appalachian_Trail" title="Appalachian Trail">Appalachian Trail</a> is blazed with white rectangles, and blue is often used for side trails. <a href="/wiki/European_long-distance_path" class="mw-redirect" title="European long-distance path">European long-distance walking paths</a> are blazed with yellow points encircled with red. Other walking paths in European countries are blazed in a variety of manners. Where bike trails intersect with pedestrian or equestrian trails, signage at the intersections and high visibility onto the intersecting trails are needed to prevent collisions between fast-moving cyclists and slower moving hikers and horses. Bicycles and horses can share the same trails where the trail is wide enough with good visibility. The US Department of Transportation provides standards and guidelines for traffic control, including signage and striping, for bicycle facilities.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Classification">Classification</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Trail&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Classification">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BergAlpinWegweiser.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/BergAlpinWegweiser.jpg/220px-BergAlpinWegweiser.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/BergAlpinWegweiser.jpg/330px-BergAlpinWegweiser.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/BergAlpinWegweiser.jpg/440px-BergAlpinWegweiser.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>Swiss signs: hiking trails in yellow, mountain path in white-red-white, Alpine Route in white-blue-white</figcaption></figure> A simple colored symbol to classify a trail's difficulty in the USA was first used for ski trails and is now being used for hiking, bicycle, other trails.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> <ul><li>Green circle – easy</li> <li>Blue square – moderate</li> <li>Black diamond – difficult</li></ul> Other systems may be used in different locations.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-115">[115]</a> In Switzerland, paths are classified by three levels of difficulties: Hiking paths (yellow markers), mountain paths (white-red-white markers) and alpine paths (white-blue-white markers). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Trail&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output 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title="Boardwalk">Boardwalk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Promenade" class="mw-redirect" title="Promenade">Promenade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corpse_road" title="Corpse road">Corpse road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desire_path" title="Desire path">Desire path</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Educational_trail" title="Educational trail">Educational trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fastpacking" title="Fastpacking">Fastpacking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nature_trails" class="mw-redirect" title="Nature trails">Nature trails</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sculpture_trail" title="Sculpture trail">Sculpture trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steig" title="Steig">Steig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Themed_trail" class="mw-redirect" title="Themed trail">Themed trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trail_difficulty_rating_system" title="Trail difficulty rating system">Trail difficulty rating system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trail_ethics" title="Trail ethics">Trail ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trail_running" title="Trail running">Trail running</a></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Trail&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px 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.cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ramblers.org.uk/advice/paths-in-england-and-wales/definitive-maps-explained.aspx">"Definive Maps"</a>. 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US Forest Service. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121107204736/http://www.fs.usda.gov/wps/portal/fsinternet/!ut/p/c5/04_SB8K8xLLM9MSSzPy8xBz9CP0os3gDfxMDT8MwRydLA1cj72BTSw8jAwgAykeaxcN4jhYG_h4eYX5hPgYwefy6w0H24dcPNgEHcDTQ9_PIz03VL8iNMMgycVQEAIzTHkw!/dl3/d3/L2dJQSEvUUt3QS9ZQnZ3LzZfMjAwMDAwMDBBODBPSEhWTjJNMDAwMDAwMDA!/?navtype=&cid=stelprdb5103006&navid=110160000000000&pnavid=110000000000000&ss=110618&position=Not%20Yet%20Determined.Html&ttype=detail&pname=Willamette%20National%20Forest-%20Hiking">Archived</a> from the original on 7 November 2012. 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Trail Studies Unit, <a href="/wiki/Trent_University" title="Trent University">Trent University</a>. Retrieved 25 August 2009. </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://everything2.com/title/Ski+trail+difficulty+classifications">Ski trail difficulty classifications</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170802112959/https://everything2.com/title/Ski+trail+difficulty+classifications">Archived</a> 2 August 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. gavmck, <a href="/wiki/Everything2" title="Everything2">Everything2</a>, 4 June 2004. Retrieved 25 August 2009. </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Trail&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_Moor2016" class="citation book cs1">Robert Moor (2016). On Trails: An Exploration. Simon & Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1476739212" title="Special:BookSources/978-1476739212"><bdi>978-1476739212</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=On+Trails%3A+An+Exploration&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1476739212&rft.au=Robert+Moor&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATrail" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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.plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Trails" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Trails">Trails</a>.</div></div> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist 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