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class="data"><span class="js-profile-view-count"></span></p></div></span></div><div class="ri-section"><div class="ri-section-header"><span>Interests</span></div><div class="ri-tags-container"><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="31283622" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_Palaeolithic"><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" data-rails-context="{"inMailer":false,"i18nLocale":"en","i18nDefaultLocale":"en","href":"https://independent.academia.edu/BertrandLudes","location":"/BertrandLudes","scheme":"https","host":"independent.academia.edu","port":null,"pathname":"/BertrandLudes","search":null,"httpAcceptLanguage":null,"serverSide":false}"></div> <div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Middle Palaeolithic"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-36a81a04-888c-4002-a8a3-e74f89cfe807"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-36a81a04-888c-4002-a8a3-e74f89cfe807"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="31283622" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Taphonomy"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Taphonomy"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-13b9c9f7-ecf6-4ba9-b9f7-c6acfa1d7e35"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-13b9c9f7-ecf6-4ba9-b9f7-c6acfa1d7e35"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="31283622" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geoarchaeology"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Geoarchaeology"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-a4104d21-6cc3-4ed9-8a49-250782ef18d6"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-a4104d21-6cc3-4ed9-8a49-250782ef18d6"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="31283622" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Experimental_Archaeology"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Experimental Archaeology"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-54803d66-72c6-4333-93a6-203912bd7ee6"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-54803d66-72c6-4333-93a6-203912bd7ee6"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="31283622" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Prehistoric_Archaeology"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Prehistoric Archaeology"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-045bf408-6dd4-4def-99f4-3ffbcbf35018"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-045bf408-6dd4-4def-99f4-3ffbcbf35018"></div> </a></div></div></div></div><div class="right-panel-container"><div class="user-content-wrapper"><div class="uploads-container" id="social-redesign-work-container"><div class="upload-header"><h2 class="ds2-5-heading-sans-serif-xs">Uploads</h2></div><div class="documents-container backbone-social-profile-documents" style="width: 100%;"><div class="u-taCenter"></div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane active" id="all"><div class="profile--tab_heading_container js-section-heading" data-section="Papers" id="Papers"><h3 class="profile--tab_heading_container">Papers by Bertrand Ludes</h3></div><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="12457965"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/12457965/Nicotine_monitoring_in_sweat_with_a_sweat_patch"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Nicotine monitoring in sweat with a sweat patch" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/12457965/Nicotine_monitoring_in_sweat_with_a_sweat_patch">Nicotine monitoring in sweat with a sweat patch</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of chromatography. B, Biomedical sciences and applications</span><span>, Jan 13, 1998</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In recent years, remarkable advances in sensitive analytical techniques have enabled the analysis...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In recent years, remarkable advances in sensitive analytical techniques have enabled the analysis of drugs in unconventional samples, such as sweat. In a study conducted with cigarettes smokers and nonsmokers, PharmChek sweat patches were applied to 29 subjects for 72 h. Nicotine was extracted in 5 ml methanol in the presence of 200 ng nicotine-d4, used as internal standard. After 20 min agitation, the methanolic solution was evaporated to dryness in the presence of 10 microl octanol to ensure nonvolatility of nicotine. Nicotine was determined using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry after separation on a 30-m capillary HP5 MS column. The assay was linear in the range 50-2500 ng/patch, with an extraction recovery of 76+/-5%. Limit of detection was 10 ng/patch. Nicotine concentrations in sweat were not detected for the nonexposed nonsmokers (n = 8), 87 to 266 ng/patch for the passive smokers (n = 6) and 150 to 2498 ng/patch for the smokers (n = 15). This study demonstrat...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="12457965"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12457965"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12457965; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12457965]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12457965]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12457965; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='12457965']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12457965, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=12457965]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":12457965,"title":"Nicotine monitoring in sweat with a sweat patch","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"In recent years, remarkable advances in sensitive analytical techniques have enabled the analysis of drugs in unconventional samples, such as sweat. In a study conducted with cigarettes smokers and nonsmokers, PharmChek sweat patches were applied to 29 subjects for 72 h. Nicotine was extracted in 5 ml methanol in the presence of 200 ng nicotine-d4, used as internal standard. After 20 min agitation, the methanolic solution was evaporated to dryness in the presence of 10 microl octanol to ensure nonvolatility of nicotine. Nicotine was determined using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry after separation on a 30-m capillary HP5 MS column. The assay was linear in the range 50-2500 ng/patch, with an extraction recovery of 76+/-5%. Limit of detection was 10 ng/patch. Nicotine concentrations in sweat were not detected for the nonexposed nonsmokers (n = 8), 87 to 266 ng/patch for the passive smokers (n = 6) and 150 to 2498 ng/patch for the smokers (n = 15). This study demonstrat...","publication_date":{"day":13,"month":1,"year":1998,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Journal of chromatography. B, Biomedical sciences and applications"},"translated_abstract":"In recent years, remarkable advances in sensitive analytical techniques have enabled the analysis of drugs in unconventional samples, such as sweat. In a study conducted with cigarettes smokers and nonsmokers, PharmChek sweat patches were applied to 29 subjects for 72 h. Nicotine was extracted in 5 ml methanol in the presence of 200 ng nicotine-d4, used as internal standard. After 20 min agitation, the methanolic solution was evaporated to dryness in the presence of 10 microl octanol to ensure nonvolatility of nicotine. Nicotine was determined using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry after separation on a 30-m capillary HP5 MS column. The assay was linear in the range 50-2500 ng/patch, with an extraction recovery of 76+/-5%. Limit of detection was 10 ng/patch. Nicotine concentrations in sweat were not detected for the nonexposed nonsmokers (n = 8), 87 to 266 ng/patch for the passive smokers (n = 6) and 150 to 2498 ng/patch for the smokers (n = 15). This study demonstrat...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/12457965/Nicotine_monitoring_in_sweat_with_a_sweat_patch","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2015-05-19T00:52:18.006-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":31283622,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Nicotine_monitoring_in_sweat_with_a_sweat_patch","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":31283622,"first_name":"Bertrand","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Ludes","page_name":"BertrandLudes","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-05-19T00:51:41.209-07:00","display_name":"Bertrand Ludes","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BertrandLudes"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":5769,"name":"Mass Spectrometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mass_Spectrometry"},{"id":9109,"name":"Tobacco","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tobacco"},{"id":58380,"name":"Therapeutic drug monitoring","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Therapeutic_drug_monitoring"},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans"},{"id":75318,"name":"Smoking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Smoking"},{"id":91360,"name":"Nicotine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nicotine"},{"id":162553,"name":"Skin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Skin"},{"id":166448,"name":"Gas Chromatography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gas_Chromatography"},{"id":295155,"name":"Middle Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_Aged"},{"id":382075,"name":"Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adult"},{"id":529560,"name":"Gas Chromatography/mass Spectrometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gas_Chromatography_mass_Spectrometry"},{"id":549280,"name":"Reproducibility of Results","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproducibility_of_Results"},{"id":793577,"name":"Sweat","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sweat"},{"id":901876,"name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sensitivity_and_Specificity"},{"id":945595,"name":"Pilot Projects","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pilot_Projects"},{"id":1000427,"name":"Reference Values","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reference_Values"},{"id":1312021,"name":"Environmental Exposure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Exposure"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="12457964"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/12457964/_Study_of_Siberian_population_movements_use_of_multiple_markers_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of [Study of Siberian population movements: use of multiple markers]" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/12457964/_Study_of_Siberian_population_movements_use_of_multiple_markers_">[Study of Siberian population movements: use of multiple markers]</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Bulletin de l'Académie nationale de médecine</span><span>, 2012</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">To further explore early Eurasian steppe migration, we determined the Y chromosome and mitochondr...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">To further explore early Eurasian steppe migration, we determined the Y chromosome and mitochondrial haplotypes of 26 ancient human specimens from the Krasnoyarsk area, dated between the middle of the second millennium BC and the fourth century AD. Our autosomal Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA analyses reveal that, whereas few specimens seem to be related matrilineally or patrilineally, nearly all the subjects belong to haplogroup R1a1--M17, which is thought to mark the eastward migration of early Indo-Europeans. Our results also confirm that, during the Bronze and Iron Ages, southern Siberia was a region of overwhelming European settlement.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="12457964"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12457964"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12457964; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12457964]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12457964]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12457964; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='12457964']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12457964, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=12457964]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":12457964,"title":"[Study of Siberian population movements: use of multiple markers]","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"To further explore early Eurasian steppe migration, we determined the Y chromosome and mitochondrial haplotypes of 26 ancient human specimens from the Krasnoyarsk area, dated between the middle of the second millennium BC and the fourth century AD. Our autosomal Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA analyses reveal that, whereas few specimens seem to be related matrilineally or patrilineally, nearly all the subjects belong to haplogroup R1a1--M17, which is thought to mark the eastward migration of early Indo-Europeans. Our results also confirm that, during the Bronze and Iron Ages, southern Siberia was a region of overwhelming European settlement.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2012,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Bulletin de l'Académie nationale de médecine"},"translated_abstract":"To further explore early Eurasian steppe migration, we determined the Y chromosome and mitochondrial haplotypes of 26 ancient human specimens from the Krasnoyarsk area, dated between the middle of the second millennium BC and the fourth century AD. Our autosomal Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA analyses reveal that, whereas few specimens seem to be related matrilineally or patrilineally, nearly all the subjects belong to haplogroup R1a1--M17, which is thought to mark the eastward migration of early Indo-Europeans. Our results also confirm that, during the Bronze and Iron Ages, southern Siberia was a region of overwhelming European settlement.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/12457964/_Study_of_Siberian_population_movements_use_of_multiple_markers_","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2015-05-19T00:52:17.869-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":31283622,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"_Study_of_Siberian_population_movements_use_of_multiple_markers_","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":31283622,"first_name":"Bertrand","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Ludes","page_name":"BertrandLudes","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-05-19T00:51:41.209-07:00","display_name":"Bertrand Ludes","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BertrandLudes"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":130,"name":"Ancient History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History"},{"id":7125,"name":"Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Culture"},{"id":9733,"name":"Siberia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Siberia"},{"id":63093,"name":"Mitochondrial DNA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mitochondrial_DNA"},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans"},{"id":71831,"name":"Human Migration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Migration"},{"id":75826,"name":"Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Europe"},{"id":86952,"name":"Haplotypes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Haplotypes"},{"id":98925,"name":"Female","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Female"},{"id":111545,"name":"Male","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Male"},{"id":128357,"name":"Mummies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mummies"},{"id":219123,"name":"Ethnic Groups","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnic_Groups"},{"id":349211,"name":"Skin Pigmentation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Skin_Pigmentation"},{"id":561981,"name":"European Continental Ancestry Group","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Continental_Ancestry_Group"},{"id":576640,"name":"Hair Color","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hair_Color"},{"id":1232430,"name":"Genetic Markers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_Markers"},{"id":1235646,"name":"Eye Color","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Color"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="12457963"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/12457963/European_Council_of_Legal_Medicine_ECLM_accreditation_of_forensic_pathology_services_in_Europe"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of European Council of Legal Medicine (ECLM) accreditation of forensic pathology services in Europe" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/12457963/European_Council_of_Legal_Medicine_ECLM_accreditation_of_forensic_pathology_services_in_Europe">European Council of Legal Medicine (ECLM) accreditation of forensic pathology services in Europe</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>International Journal of Legal Medicine</span><span>, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Forensic experts play a major role in the legal process as they offer professional expert opinion...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Forensic experts play a major role in the legal process as they offer professional expert opinion and evidence within the criminal justice system adjudicating on the innocence or alleged guilt of an accused person. In this respect, medico-legal examination is an essential part of the investigation process, determining in a scientific way the cause(s) and manner of unexpected and/or unnatural death or bringing clinical evidence in case of physical, psychological, or sexual abuse in living people. From a legal perspective, these types of investigation must meet international standards, i.e., it should be independent, effective, and prompt. Ideally, the investigations should be conducted by board-certified experts in forensic medicine, endowed with a solid experience in this field, without any hierarchical relationship with the prosecuting authorities and having access to appropriate facilities in order to provide forensic reports of high quality. In this respect, there is a need for any private or public national or international authority including non-governmental organizations seeking experts qualified in forensic medicine to have at disposal a list of specialists working in accordance with high standards of professional performance within forensic pathology services that have been successfully submitted to an official accreditation/certification process using valid and acceptable criteria. To reach this goal, the National Association of Medical Examiners (NAME) has elaborated an accreditation/certification checklist which should be served as decision-making support to assist inspectors appointed to evaluate applicants. In the same spirit than NAME Accreditation Standards, European Council of Legal Medicine (ECLM) board decided to set up an ad hoc working group with the mission to elaborate an accreditation/certification procedure similar to the NAME&amp;amp;amp;#39;s one but taking into account the realities of forensic medicine practices in Europe and restricted to post-mortem investigations. This accreditation process applies to services and not to individual practitioners by emphasizing policies and procedures rather than professional performance. In addition, the standards to be complied with should be considered as the minimum standards needed to get the recognition of performing and reliable forensic pathology service.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="12457963"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12457963"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12457963; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12457963]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12457963]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12457963; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='12457963']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12457963, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=12457963]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":12457963,"title":"European Council of Legal Medicine (ECLM) accreditation of forensic pathology services in Europe","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Forensic experts play a major role in the legal process as they offer professional expert opinion and evidence within the criminal justice system adjudicating on the innocence or alleged guilt of an accused person. In this respect, medico-legal examination is an essential part of the investigation process, determining in a scientific way the cause(s) and manner of unexpected and/or unnatural death or bringing clinical evidence in case of physical, psychological, or sexual abuse in living people. From a legal perspective, these types of investigation must meet international standards, i.e., it should be independent, effective, and prompt. Ideally, the investigations should be conducted by board-certified experts in forensic medicine, endowed with a solid experience in this field, without any hierarchical relationship with the prosecuting authorities and having access to appropriate facilities in order to provide forensic reports of high quality. In this respect, there is a need for any private or public national or international authority including non-governmental organizations seeking experts qualified in forensic medicine to have at disposal a list of specialists working in accordance with high standards of professional performance within forensic pathology services that have been successfully submitted to an official accreditation/certification process using valid and acceptable criteria. To reach this goal, the National Association of Medical Examiners (NAME) has elaborated an accreditation/certification checklist which should be served as decision-making support to assist inspectors appointed to evaluate applicants. In the same spirit than NAME Accreditation Standards, European Council of Legal Medicine (ECLM) board decided to set up an ad hoc working group with the mission to elaborate an accreditation/certification procedure similar to the NAME\u0026amp;amp;amp;#39;s one but taking into account the realities of forensic medicine practices in Europe and restricted to post-mortem investigations. This accreditation process applies to services and not to individual practitioners by emphasizing policies and procedures rather than professional performance. In addition, the standards to be complied with should be considered as the minimum standards needed to get the recognition of performing and reliable forensic pathology service.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2014,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"International Journal of Legal Medicine"},"translated_abstract":"Forensic experts play a major role in the legal process as they offer professional expert opinion and evidence within the criminal justice system adjudicating on the innocence or alleged guilt of an accused person. In this respect, medico-legal examination is an essential part of the investigation process, determining in a scientific way the cause(s) and manner of unexpected and/or unnatural death or bringing clinical evidence in case of physical, psychological, or sexual abuse in living people. From a legal perspective, these types of investigation must meet international standards, i.e., it should be independent, effective, and prompt. Ideally, the investigations should be conducted by board-certified experts in forensic medicine, endowed with a solid experience in this field, without any hierarchical relationship with the prosecuting authorities and having access to appropriate facilities in order to provide forensic reports of high quality. In this respect, there is a need for any private or public national or international authority including non-governmental organizations seeking experts qualified in forensic medicine to have at disposal a list of specialists working in accordance with high standards of professional performance within forensic pathology services that have been successfully submitted to an official accreditation/certification process using valid and acceptable criteria. To reach this goal, the National Association of Medical Examiners (NAME) has elaborated an accreditation/certification checklist which should be served as decision-making support to assist inspectors appointed to evaluate applicants. In the same spirit than NAME Accreditation Standards, European Council of Legal Medicine (ECLM) board decided to set up an ad hoc working group with the mission to elaborate an accreditation/certification procedure similar to the NAME\u0026amp;amp;amp;#39;s one but taking into account the realities of forensic medicine practices in Europe and restricted to post-mortem investigations. This accreditation process applies to services and not to individual practitioners by emphasizing policies and procedures rather than professional performance. In addition, the standards to be complied with should be considered as the minimum standards needed to get the recognition of performing and reliable forensic pathology service.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/12457963/European_Council_of_Legal_Medicine_ECLM_accreditation_of_forensic_pathology_services_in_Europe","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2015-05-19T00:52:17.713-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":31283622,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"European_Council_of_Legal_Medicine_ECLM_accreditation_of_forensic_pathology_services_in_Europe","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":31283622,"first_name":"Bertrand","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Ludes","page_name":"BertrandLudes","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-05-19T00:51:41.209-07:00","display_name":"Bertrand Ludes","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BertrandLudes"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":1589,"name":"Photography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Photography"},{"id":12106,"name":"Accreditation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Accreditation"},{"id":21717,"name":"Forensic Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forensic_Pathology"},{"id":31806,"name":"Forensic Toxicology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forensic_Toxicology"},{"id":32696,"name":"Scientific Societies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scientific_Societies"},{"id":37306,"name":"Quality Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quality_Control"},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans"},{"id":75826,"name":"Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Europe"},{"id":239507,"name":"Laboratories","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Laboratories"},{"id":248653,"name":"Legal Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legal_Medicine"},{"id":325096,"name":"Security Measures","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Security_Measures"},{"id":920739,"name":"Research Report","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Research_Report"},{"id":1033836,"name":"Post Disaster Planning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Post_Disaster_Planning"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="12457962"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/12457962/Screening_for_forensically_relevant_benzodiazepines_in_human_hair_by_gas_chromatography_negative_ion_chemical_ionization_mass_spectrometry"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Screening for forensically relevant benzodiazepines in human hair by gas chromatography-negative ion chemical ionization-mass spectrometry" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/12457962/Screening_for_forensically_relevant_benzodiazepines_in_human_hair_by_gas_chromatography_negative_ion_chemical_ionization_mass_spectrometry">Screening for forensically relevant benzodiazepines in human hair by gas chromatography-negative ion chemical ionization-mass spectrometry</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of chromatography. B, Biomedical sciences and applications</span><span>, Jan 24, 1997</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">A procedure is presented for the detection in human hair of forensically relevant benzodiazepines...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">A procedure is presented for the detection in human hair of forensically relevant benzodiazepines, i.e. nordiazepam, oxazepam, bromazepam, diazepam, lorazepam, flunitrazepam, alprazolam and triazolam. The method involves decontamination of hair with methylene chloride, pulverization in a ball mill, incubation of 50 mg powdered hair in Soerensen buffer (pH 7.6) in the presence of prazepam-d5 used as internal standard, liquid-liquid extraction with diethyl ether-chloroform (80:20, v/v) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using negative chemical ionization after derivatization with N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide plus 1% trimethylchlorosilane. The limits of detection for all benzodiazepines ranged from 1 to 20 pg/mg using a 50-mg hair sample. Coefficients of variation and extraction recoveries, ranging from 7.4 to 25.4% and 47.6 to 90%, respectively, were found suitable for a screening procedure. One hundred and fifteen samples were submitted to this screening procedure,...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="12457962"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12457962"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12457962; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12457962]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12457962]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12457962; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='12457962']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12457962, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=12457962]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":12457962,"title":"Screening for forensically relevant benzodiazepines in human hair by gas chromatography-negative ion chemical ionization-mass spectrometry","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"A procedure is presented for the detection in human hair of forensically relevant benzodiazepines, i.e. nordiazepam, oxazepam, bromazepam, diazepam, lorazepam, flunitrazepam, alprazolam and triazolam. The method involves decontamination of hair with methylene chloride, pulverization in a ball mill, incubation of 50 mg powdered hair in Soerensen buffer (pH 7.6) in the presence of prazepam-d5 used as internal standard, liquid-liquid extraction with diethyl ether-chloroform (80:20, v/v) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using negative chemical ionization after derivatization with N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide plus 1% trimethylchlorosilane. The limits of detection for all benzodiazepines ranged from 1 to 20 pg/mg using a 50-mg hair sample. Coefficients of variation and extraction recoveries, ranging from 7.4 to 25.4% and 47.6 to 90%, respectively, were found suitable for a screening procedure. One hundred and fifteen samples were submitted to this screening procedure,...","publication_date":{"day":24,"month":1,"year":1997,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Journal of chromatography. B, Biomedical sciences and applications"},"translated_abstract":"A procedure is presented for the detection in human hair of forensically relevant benzodiazepines, i.e. nordiazepam, oxazepam, bromazepam, diazepam, lorazepam, flunitrazepam, alprazolam and triazolam. The method involves decontamination of hair with methylene chloride, pulverization in a ball mill, incubation of 50 mg powdered hair in Soerensen buffer (pH 7.6) in the presence of prazepam-d5 used as internal standard, liquid-liquid extraction with diethyl ether-chloroform (80:20, v/v) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using negative chemical ionization after derivatization with N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide plus 1% trimethylchlorosilane. The limits of detection for all benzodiazepines ranged from 1 to 20 pg/mg using a 50-mg hair sample. Coefficients of variation and extraction recoveries, ranging from 7.4 to 25.4% and 47.6 to 90%, respectively, were found suitable for a screening procedure. One hundred and fifteen samples were submitted to this screening procedure,...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/12457962/Screening_for_forensically_relevant_benzodiazepines_in_human_hair_by_gas_chromatography_negative_ion_chemical_ionization_mass_spectrometry","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2015-05-19T00:52:17.592-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":31283622,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Screening_for_forensically_relevant_benzodiazepines_in_human_hair_by_gas_chromatography_negative_ion_chemical_ionization_mass_spectrometry","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":31283622,"first_name":"Bertrand","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Ludes","page_name":"BertrandLudes","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-05-19T00:51:41.209-07:00","display_name":"Bertrand Ludes","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BertrandLudes"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":5769,"name":"Mass Spectrometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mass_Spectrometry"},{"id":13397,"name":"Forensic Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forensic_Medicine"},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans"},{"id":80465,"name":"Liquid Liquid Extraction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liquid_Liquid_Extraction"},{"id":83996,"name":"Hair","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hair"},{"id":111545,"name":"Male","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Male"},{"id":133351,"name":"Benzodiazepines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Benzodiazepines"},{"id":166448,"name":"Gas Chromatography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gas_Chromatography"},{"id":184682,"name":"Coefficient of Variation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coefficient_of_Variation"},{"id":466103,"name":"Narcotics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Narcotics"},{"id":529560,"name":"Gas Chromatography/mass Spectrometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gas_Chromatography_mass_Spectrometry"},{"id":785480,"name":"Heroin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heroin"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="12457961"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/12457961/High_performance_liquid_chromatography_ionspray_mass_spectrometry_for_the_specific_determination_of_digoxin_and_some_related_cardiac_glycosides_in_human_plasma"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of High-performance liquid chromatography-ionspray mass spectrometry for the specific determination of digoxin and some related cardiac glycosides in human plasma" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/46169304/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/12457961/High_performance_liquid_chromatography_ionspray_mass_spectrometry_for_the_specific_determination_of_digoxin_and_some_related_cardiac_glycosides_in_human_plasma">High-performance liquid chromatography-ionspray mass spectrometry for the specific determination of digoxin and some related cardiac glycosides in human plasma</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of chromatography. B, Biomedical sciences and applications</span><span>, Jan 25, 1997</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">An original method based upon high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to ionspray mass spe...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">An original method based upon high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to ionspray mass spectrometry (HPLC-ISP-MS) has been developed for the identification and quantification in plasma of several cardiac glycosides, namely digoxin, digitoxin, lanatoside C and acetyldigitoxin. After single-step liquid-liquid extraction by chloroform-2-propanol (95:5, v/v) at pH 9.5 using oleandrin as an internal standard, solutes are separated on a 4 microm NovaPak C18 (Waters) column (150x2.0 mm, I.D.), using a gradient of acetonitrile-2 mM NH4COOH, pH 3 buffer (flow-rate 200 microl/min, post-column split 1:3). Detection is done by a Perkin-Elmer Sciex API-100 mass analyzer equipped with an ISP interface. In most instances the major ion observed is not [M+H]+ as expected, but [M+NH4]+. The mean retention times (min) are: lanatoside C, 5.74; digoxin, 6.00; digitoxin, 8.08, oleandrin, 8.30, acetyldigitoxin, 8.66 and 9.01 (isomers alpha and beta, respectively). The lower limits of detection in s...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c96d059685eb16b4d775407f440e28ac" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":46169304,"asset_id":12457961,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46169304/download_file?st=MTczMjUyMTcyNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="12457961"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12457961"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12457961; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12457961]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12457961]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12457961; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='12457961']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12457961, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "c96d059685eb16b4d775407f440e28ac" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=12457961]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":12457961,"title":"High-performance liquid chromatography-ionspray mass spectrometry for the specific determination of digoxin and some related cardiac glycosides in human plasma","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"An original method based upon high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to ionspray mass spectrometry (HPLC-ISP-MS) has been developed for the identification and quantification in plasma of several cardiac glycosides, namely digoxin, digitoxin, lanatoside C and acetyldigitoxin. After single-step liquid-liquid extraction by chloroform-2-propanol (95:5, v/v) at pH 9.5 using oleandrin as an internal standard, solutes are separated on a 4 microm NovaPak C18 (Waters) column (150x2.0 mm, I.D.), using a gradient of acetonitrile-2 mM NH4COOH, pH 3 buffer (flow-rate 200 microl/min, post-column split 1:3). Detection is done by a Perkin-Elmer Sciex API-100 mass analyzer equipped with an ISP interface. In most instances the major ion observed is not [M+H]+ as expected, but [M+NH4]+. The mean retention times (min) are: lanatoside C, 5.74; digoxin, 6.00; digitoxin, 8.08, oleandrin, 8.30, acetyldigitoxin, 8.66 and 9.01 (isomers alpha and beta, respectively). The lower limits of detection in s...","publication_date":{"day":25,"month":1,"year":1997,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Journal of chromatography. B, Biomedical sciences and applications"},"translated_abstract":"An original method based upon high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to ionspray mass spectrometry (HPLC-ISP-MS) has been developed for the identification and quantification in plasma of several cardiac glycosides, namely digoxin, digitoxin, lanatoside C and acetyldigitoxin. After single-step liquid-liquid extraction by chloroform-2-propanol (95:5, v/v) at pH 9.5 using oleandrin as an internal standard, solutes are separated on a 4 microm NovaPak C18 (Waters) column (150x2.0 mm, I.D.), using a gradient of acetonitrile-2 mM NH4COOH, pH 3 buffer (flow-rate 200 microl/min, post-column split 1:3). Detection is done by a Perkin-Elmer Sciex API-100 mass analyzer equipped with an ISP interface. In most instances the major ion observed is not [M+H]+ as expected, but [M+NH4]+. The mean retention times (min) are: lanatoside C, 5.74; digoxin, 6.00; digitoxin, 8.08, oleandrin, 8.30, acetyldigitoxin, 8.66 and 9.01 (isomers alpha and beta, respectively). 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="12457960"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/12457960/Influence_of_the_benign_enlargement_of_the_subarachnoid_space_on_the_bridging_veins_strain_during_a_shaking_event_a_finite_element_study"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Influence of the benign enlargement of the subarachnoid space on the bridging veins strain during a shaking event: a finite element study" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/12457960/Influence_of_the_benign_enlargement_of_the_subarachnoid_space_on_the_bridging_veins_strain_during_a_shaking_event_a_finite_element_study">Influence of the benign enlargement of the subarachnoid space on the bridging veins strain during a shaking event: a finite element study</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">There is controversy regarding the influence of the benign enlargement of the subarachnoid space ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">There is controversy regarding the influence of the benign enlargement of the subarachnoid space on intracranial injuries in the field of the shaken baby syndrome. In the literature, several terminologies exists to define this entity illustrating the lack of unicity on this theme, and often what is &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;benign&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; enlargement is mistaken with an old subdural bleeding or with abnormal enlargement due to brain pathology. This certainly led to mistaken conclusions. To investigate the influence of the benign enlargement of the subarachnoid space on child head injury and especially its influence on the bridging veins, we used a finite element model of a 6-month-old child head on which the size of the subarachnoid space was modified. Regarding the bridging veins strain, which is at the origin of the subdural bleeding when shaking an infant, our results show that the enlargement of the subarachnoid space has a damping effect which reduces the relative brain/skull displacement. Our numerical simulations suggest that the benign enlargement of the subarachnoid space may not be considered as a risk factor for subdural bleeding.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="12457960"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12457960"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12457960; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12457960]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12457960]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12457960; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='12457960']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12457960, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=12457960]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":12457960,"title":"Influence of the benign enlargement of the subarachnoid space on the bridging veins strain during a shaking event: a finite element study","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"There is controversy regarding the influence of the benign enlargement of the subarachnoid space on intracranial injuries in the field of the shaken baby syndrome. In the literature, several terminologies exists to define this entity illustrating the lack of unicity on this theme, and often what is \u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;benign\u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; enlargement is mistaken with an old subdural bleeding or with abnormal enlargement due to brain pathology. This certainly led to mistaken conclusions. To investigate the influence of the benign enlargement of the subarachnoid space on child head injury and especially its influence on the bridging veins, we used a finite element model of a 6-month-old child head on which the size of the subarachnoid space was modified. Regarding the bridging veins strain, which is at the origin of the subdural bleeding when shaking an infant, our results show that the enlargement of the subarachnoid space has a damping effect which reduces the relative brain/skull displacement. Our numerical simulations suggest that the benign enlargement of the subarachnoid space may not be considered as a risk factor for subdural bleeding.","publication_date":{"day":1,"month":7,"year":2008,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"There is controversy regarding the influence of the benign enlargement of the subarachnoid space on intracranial injuries in the field of the shaken baby syndrome. In the literature, several terminologies exists to define this entity illustrating the lack of unicity on this theme, and often what is \u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;benign\u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; enlargement is mistaken with an old subdural bleeding or with abnormal enlargement due to brain pathology. This certainly led to mistaken conclusions. To investigate the influence of the benign enlargement of the subarachnoid space on child head injury and especially its influence on the bridging veins, we used a finite element model of a 6-month-old child head on which the size of the subarachnoid space was modified. Regarding the bridging veins strain, which is at the origin of the subdural bleeding when shaking an infant, our results show that the enlargement of the subarachnoid space has a damping effect which reduces the relative brain/skull displacement. Our numerical simulations suggest that the benign enlargement of the subarachnoid space may not be considered as a risk factor for subdural bleeding.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/12457960/Influence_of_the_benign_enlargement_of_the_subarachnoid_space_on_the_bridging_veins_strain_during_a_shaking_event_a_finite_element_study","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2015-05-19T00:52:17.355-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":31283622,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Influence_of_the_benign_enlargement_of_the_subarachnoid_space_on_the_bridging_veins_strain_during_a_shaking_event_a_finite_element_study","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":31283622,"first_name":"Bertrand","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Ludes","page_name":"BertrandLudes","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-05-19T00:51:41.209-07:00","display_name":"Bertrand Ludes","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BertrandLudes"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":21717,"name":"Forensic Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forensic_Pathology"},{"id":23042,"name":"Finite Element","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finite_Element"},{"id":49273,"name":"Finite Element Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finite_Element_Analysis"},{"id":60658,"name":"Numerical Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Numerical_Simulation"},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans"},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child"},{"id":91079,"name":"Child Abuse","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_Abuse"},{"id":124107,"name":"Subarachnoid space","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Subarachnoid_space"},{"id":192721,"name":"Risk factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_factors"},{"id":248653,"name":"Legal Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legal_Medicine"},{"id":368876,"name":"Head injury","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Head_injury"},{"id":386557,"name":"Finite Element Model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finite_Element_Model"},{"id":477118,"name":"Shaken Baby Syndrome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shaken_Baby_Syndrome"},{"id":620049,"name":"Risk Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Factors-1"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); 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In this context, the genetic characteristics of the Y chromosome (i.e. its paternal inheritance and lack of recombination) render STRs particularly powerful. However, genetic differences between male populations appear to be larger for Y-STRs than for autosomal STRs, a fact that is most likely due to the higher sensitivity of Y-chromosomal lineages to genetic drift (Forensic Sci Int 118 ). The assessment of probabilities for matches between haplotyped male persons or traces/ persons requires the typing of a large number of haplotypes in the appropriate reference populations. The haplotype data of a large number of European as well as South and North American populations have been collected and are continuously published online (Y-STR Haplotype Reference Database -YHRD; http://www.ystr.org). The most recent multicentric effort has led to the Legal Medicine 5 (2003) S160-S163 1344-6223/03/$ -see front matter q","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2003,"errors":{}},"grobid_abstract_attachment_id":46169322},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/12457959/Asian_online_Y_STR_Haplotype_Reference_Database","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2015-05-19T00:52:17.214-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":31283622,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46169322,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/46169322/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Asian_online_Y-STR_Haplotype_Reference_D20160602-8704-vj52gv.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46169322/download_file?st=MTczMjUyMTcyNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Asian_online_Y_STR_Haplotype_Reference_D.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/46169322/Asian_online_Y-STR_Haplotype_Reference_D20160602-8704-vj52gv-libre.pdf?1464880774=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAsian_online_Y_STR_Haplotype_Reference_D.pdf\u0026Expires=1732525324\u0026Signature=HvDsDXv~db-rdTAxLYe~NAdOndjntbG3cNfbS6amjgZDhj-fPPJyyBufPQWUDKFwq21VmBAfpv6HEQZvdzfsU5VgDISj7E8VPi9Yy8-5-8TCCVFug6q~FF8ft38lRq9tMtP3cqKgZyFQC9wG-u06lHPfNMpYK~ZjaG13qOMOtPtzUunue9TuetMs0KAy4dWZynDq8vhKBfhWcS-wot4aTx91yxPfk8rSrOGWF1DF77S-F4Qk8w-2KGwFQ6AAQTUlszIsHgepwfZIK65UZuZeS9gEzb~GZYKiQIKU8YeJwOHQDqYkymchTK6LvOyEOHSr~7DIJm9sV0s8vLxc-~0dZA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Asian_online_Y_STR_Haplotype_Reference_Database","translated_slug":"","page_count":4,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":31283622,"first_name":"Bertrand","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Ludes","page_name":"BertrandLudes","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-05-19T00:51:41.209-07:00","display_name":"Bertrand Ludes","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BertrandLudes"},"attachments":[{"id":46169322,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/46169322/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Asian_online_Y-STR_Haplotype_Reference_D20160602-8704-vj52gv.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46169322/download_file?st=MTczMjUyMTcyNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Asian_online_Y_STR_Haplotype_Reference_D.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/46169322/Asian_online_Y-STR_Haplotype_Reference_D20160602-8704-vj52gv-libre.pdf?1464880774=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAsian_online_Y_STR_Haplotype_Reference_D.pdf\u0026Expires=1732525324\u0026Signature=HvDsDXv~db-rdTAxLYe~NAdOndjntbG3cNfbS6amjgZDhj-fPPJyyBufPQWUDKFwq21VmBAfpv6HEQZvdzfsU5VgDISj7E8VPi9Yy8-5-8TCCVFug6q~FF8ft38lRq9tMtP3cqKgZyFQC9wG-u06lHPfNMpYK~ZjaG13qOMOtPtzUunue9TuetMs0KAy4dWZynDq8vhKBfhWcS-wot4aTx91yxPfk8rSrOGWF1DF77S-F4Qk8w-2KGwFQ6AAQTUlszIsHgepwfZIK65UZuZeS9gEzb~GZYKiQIKU8YeJwOHQDqYkymchTK6LvOyEOHSr~7DIJm9sV0s8vLxc-~0dZA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics"},{"id":4312,"name":"Genetic Drift","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_Drift"},{"id":4480,"name":"Population Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population_Genetics"},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans"},{"id":86952,"name":"Haplotypes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Haplotypes"},{"id":110578,"name":"Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asia"},{"id":134041,"name":"DNA fingerprinting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DNA_fingerprinting"},{"id":165099,"name":"Y chromosome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Y_chromosome"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences"},{"id":248653,"name":"Legal Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legal_Medicine"},{"id":561987,"name":"Asian Continental Ancestry Group","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asian_Continental_Ancestry_Group"},{"id":648834,"name":"North American","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/North_American"},{"id":741771,"name":"Short Tandem Repeat","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Short_Tandem_Repeat"},{"id":1191356,"name":"Internet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet"},{"id":1232430,"name":"Genetic Markers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_Markers"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="12457958"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/12457958/Testing_for_alpha_chloralose_by_headspace_GC_MS_A_case_report"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Testing for alpha-chloralose by headspace-GC/MS: A case report" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/12457958/Testing_for_alpha_chloralose_by_headspace_GC_MS_A_case_report">Testing for alpha-chloralose by headspace-GC/MS: A case report</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">A case is presented involving an acute fatality resulting from self-administered alpha-chloralose...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">A case is presented involving an acute fatality resulting from self-administered alpha-chloralose, a rodenticide. A 18-year-old man was found dead at home, with several stains of vomit on the carpet. An empty box of three bags of 5 g 100% alpha-chloralose (Corbeaux nuisibles, Rhône Poulenc) was found near the body. The compound was identified and quantified by headspace gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Alpha-chloralose was converted by concentrated sulphuric acid into chloral, a volatile compound, that was, after chromatography on a HP5-MS capillary column, identified by the following ions, m/z 82, 111 and 148. Peripheral blood concentration was 175.7 mg/l. Alpha-chloralose was quantified in several tissues, indicating kidney sequestration. No other drugs, including ethanol, were detected.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="12457958"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12457958"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12457958; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12457958]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12457958]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12457958; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='12457958']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12457958, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=12457958]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":12457958,"title":"Testing for alpha-chloralose by headspace-GC/MS: A case report","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"A case is presented involving an acute fatality resulting from self-administered alpha-chloralose, a rodenticide. A 18-year-old man was found dead at home, with several stains of vomit on the carpet. An empty box of three bags of 5 g 100% alpha-chloralose (Corbeaux nuisibles, Rhône Poulenc) was found near the body. The compound was identified and quantified by headspace gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Alpha-chloralose was converted by concentrated sulphuric acid into chloral, a volatile compound, that was, after chromatography on a HP5-MS capillary column, identified by the following ions, m/z 82, 111 and 148. Peripheral blood concentration was 175.7 mg/l. Alpha-chloralose was quantified in several tissues, indicating kidney sequestration. No other drugs, including ethanol, were detected.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":1999,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"A case is presented involving an acute fatality resulting from self-administered alpha-chloralose, a rodenticide. A 18-year-old man was found dead at home, with several stains of vomit on the carpet. An empty box of three bags of 5 g 100% alpha-chloralose (Corbeaux nuisibles, Rhône Poulenc) was found near the body. The compound was identified and quantified by headspace gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Alpha-chloralose was converted by concentrated sulphuric acid into chloral, a volatile compound, that was, after chromatography on a HP5-MS capillary column, identified by the following ions, m/z 82, 111 and 148. Peripheral blood concentration was 175.7 mg/l. Alpha-chloralose was quantified in several tissues, indicating kidney sequestration. No other drugs, including ethanol, were detected.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/12457958/Testing_for_alpha_chloralose_by_headspace_GC_MS_A_case_report","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2015-05-19T00:52:17.066-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":31283622,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Testing_for_alpha_chloralose_by_headspace_GC_MS_A_case_report","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":31283622,"first_name":"Bertrand","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Ludes","page_name":"BertrandLudes","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-05-19T00:51:41.209-07:00","display_name":"Bertrand Ludes","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BertrandLudes"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":1588,"name":"Forensic Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forensic_Science"},{"id":13397,"name":"Forensic Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forensic_Medicine"},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent"},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary"},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans"},{"id":111545,"name":"Male","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Male"},{"id":529560,"name":"Gas Chromatography/mass Spectrometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gas_Chromatography_mass_Spectrometry"},{"id":575553,"name":"Rodenticides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rodenticides"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="12457957"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/12457957/Tracing_back_ancient_south_Siberian_population_history_using_mitochondrial_and_Y_chromosome_SNPs"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Tracing back ancient south Siberian population history using mitochondrial and Y-chromosome SNPs" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/46169300/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/12457957/Tracing_back_ancient_south_Siberian_population_history_using_mitochondrial_and_Y_chromosome_SNPs">Tracing back ancient south Siberian population history using mitochondrial and Y-chromosome SNPs</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series</span><span>, 2008</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="ffd5e991bc7f53c2511f2a4c42d959ed" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":46169300,"asset_id":12457957,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46169300/download_file?st=MTczMjUyMTcyNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="12457957"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12457957"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12457957; 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From these works, it appeared that south Siberian populations are the reflect of the complex interactions that occurred at different times between Eastern and Western Eurasian people. According to paleoantropological and modern molecular data, European populations predominated in south Siberia during the Bronze age whereas Asian component began to increase from the Iron age. To test this hypothesis we determined the mitochondrial and Ychromosomal haplotypes and haplogroups of 29 ancient specimens from the Krasnoyarsk area (Southern Central Siberia) dating from the Bronze and Iron ages. The data obtained supported the hypothesis of the prevalence of Western Eurasian component in Southern Central Siberia in the Bronze age. Moreover, they allowed us to propose a geographic origin of the Krasnoyarsk population during this period. #","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2008,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":46169300},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/12457957/Tracing_back_ancient_south_Siberian_population_history_using_mitochondrial_and_Y_chromosome_SNPs","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2015-05-19T00:52:16.934-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":31283622,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46169300,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/46169300/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"j.fsigss.2007.10.13320160602-8704-1h2bjsc.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46169300/download_file?st=MTczMjUyMTcyNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Tracing_back_ancient_south_Siberian_popu.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/46169300/j.fsigss.2007.10.13320160602-8704-1h2bjsc-libre.pdf?1464880775=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DTracing_back_ancient_south_Siberian_popu.pdf\u0026Expires=1732525324\u0026Signature=TtiQisB9oEQbkFDW0wiqZJVsBhEJP4Py7HxomlVcdAdrpZ-16bHy8-1tZFhIM8wESYfHLUhvE6POsjIRA0125jDlPdEG3~88Q1uubKo2~cnQEwOGsJGRuplU3mVY6BVKvNujzAlg60zknSGTDLHzsz59SW9gCgdMGHPCkZrrrhYj9z6DAuVVIXeP9MWTsa8Hhat~OZ~20SQrBi0M74cFpo6pn3iO2rIycYjdusiQX8kT0vpA02delOEPwX10vWdgq6wbWacr27wXz7h95mxHutQUDWMzF71EBLiz8qfuLl7FYQEnSnsFomgNXIs~-X2tcvZTplfyZWQ~L4-wzJDUBg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Tracing_back_ancient_south_Siberian_population_history_using_mitochondrial_and_Y_chromosome_SNPs","translated_slug":"","page_count":3,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":31283622,"first_name":"Bertrand","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Ludes","page_name":"BertrandLudes","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-05-19T00:51:41.209-07:00","display_name":"Bertrand Ludes","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BertrandLudes"},"attachments":[{"id":46169300,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/46169300/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"j.fsigss.2007.10.13320160602-8704-1h2bjsc.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46169300/download_file?st=MTczMjUyMTcyNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Tracing_back_ancient_south_Siberian_popu.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/46169300/j.fsigss.2007.10.13320160602-8704-1h2bjsc-libre.pdf?1464880775=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DTracing_back_ancient_south_Siberian_popu.pdf\u0026Expires=1732525324\u0026Signature=TtiQisB9oEQbkFDW0wiqZJVsBhEJP4Py7HxomlVcdAdrpZ-16bHy8-1tZFhIM8wESYfHLUhvE6POsjIRA0125jDlPdEG3~88Q1uubKo2~cnQEwOGsJGRuplU3mVY6BVKvNujzAlg60zknSGTDLHzsz59SW9gCgdMGHPCkZrrrhYj9z6DAuVVIXeP9MWTsa8Hhat~OZ~20SQrBi0M74cFpo6pn3iO2rIycYjdusiQX8kT0vpA02delOEPwX10vWdgq6wbWacr27wXz7h95mxHutQUDWMzF71EBLiz8qfuLl7FYQEnSnsFomgNXIs~-X2tcvZTplfyZWQ~L4-wzJDUBg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":42197,"name":"Iron Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Iron_Age"},{"id":58724,"name":"Bronze Age","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bronze_Age"},{"id":93913,"name":"Population History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population_History"},{"id":100347,"name":"Ancient DNA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_DNA"},{"id":165099,"name":"Y chromosome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Y_chromosome"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="12457956"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/12457956/Racine_de_Kava_dans_les_cheveux_dosage_de_la_kava%C3%AFne_par_CGSM_SM_Ann_Toxicol_Anal_2004_16_1_85_7_rectificatif"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Racine de Kava dans les cheveux : dosage de la kavaïne par CGSM/SM (Ann. Toxicol. Anal. 2004 ; 16(1) : 85-7) : rectificatif" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/12457956/Racine_de_Kava_dans_les_cheveux_dosage_de_la_kava%C3%AFne_par_CGSM_SM_Ann_Toxicol_Anal_2004_16_1_85_7_rectificatif">Racine de Kava dans les cheveux : dosage de la kavaïne par CGSM/SM (Ann. Toxicol. Anal. 2004 ; 16(1) : 85-7) : rectificatif</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Annales De Toxicologie Analytique</span><span>, 2004</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="12457956"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12457956"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12457956; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12457956]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12457956]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12457956; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='12457956']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12457956, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=12457956]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":12457956,"title":"Racine de Kava dans les cheveux : dosage de la kavaïne par CGSM/SM (Ann. 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Anal. 2004 ; 16(1) : 85-7) : rectificatif","translated_title":"","metadata":{"publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2004,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Annales De Toxicologie Analytique"},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/12457956/Racine_de_Kava_dans_les_cheveux_dosage_de_la_kava%C3%AFne_par_CGSM_SM_Ann_Toxicol_Anal_2004_16_1_85_7_rectificatif","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2015-05-19T00:52:16.753-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":31283622,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Racine_de_Kava_dans_les_cheveux_dosage_de_la_kavaïne_par_CGSM_SM_Ann_Toxicol_Anal_2004_16_1_85_7_rectificatif","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"fr","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":31283622,"first_name":"Bertrand","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Ludes","page_name":"BertrandLudes","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-05-19T00:51:41.209-07:00","display_name":"Bertrand Ludes","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BertrandLudes"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[],"urls":[{"id":4786284,"url":"http://www.ata-journal.org/10.1051/ata/2004020"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="12457955"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/12457955/Haplogroup_H_in_prehistoric_osseous_remains_from_the_Basque_Country_as_a_genetic_marker_to_study_the_resettlement_of_Europe"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Haplogroup H in prehistoric osseous remains from the Basque Country as a genetic marker to study the resettlement of Europe" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/46169307/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/12457955/Haplogroup_H_in_prehistoric_osseous_remains_from_the_Basque_Country_as_a_genetic_marker_to_study_the_resettlement_of_Europe">Haplogroup H in prehistoric osseous remains from the Basque Country as a genetic marker to study the resettlement of Europe</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>International Congress Series</span><span>, 2006</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Working with ancient DNA is an extremely useful approach in prehistoric population genetics. In t...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Working with ancient DNA is an extremely useful approach in prehistoric population genetics. In this work we observed that all the samples already analysed belonged to haplogroup H of the mtDNA. Thus, we aimed to check the frequency of haplogroup H in samples from the Basque Country to assess the possibility of using it as a genetic marker of the</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="190511a103755e0749a0b8086275189c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":46169307,"asset_id":12457955,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46169307/download_file?st=MTczMjUyMTcyNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="12457955"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12457955"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12457955; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12457955]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12457955]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12457955; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='12457955']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12457955, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "190511a103755e0749a0b8086275189c" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=12457955]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":12457955,"title":"Haplogroup H in prehistoric osseous remains from the Basque Country as a genetic marker to study the resettlement of Europe","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Working with ancient DNA is an extremely useful approach in prehistoric population genetics. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="12457954"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/12457954/A_finite_element_model_investigation_of_gunshot_injury"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A finite element model investigation of gunshot injury" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/12457954/A_finite_element_model_investigation_of_gunshot_injury">A finite element model investigation of gunshot injury</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>International Journal of Legal Medicine</span><span>, 2007</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Multiple gunshot suicide can be a controversial subject mainly because of wrong opinions concerni...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Multiple gunshot suicide can be a controversial subject mainly because of wrong opinions concerning immediate incapacitation or alleged backwards hurling. For the last 20 years, experts in medicine and physics have tried to demonstrate what really happens during a gunshot wound. Different methods have been used to achieve this aim such as basic physics or the use of empirical evidence. In</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="12457954"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12457954"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12457954; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12457954]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12457954]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12457954; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='12457954']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12457954, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=12457954]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":12457954,"title":"A finite element model investigation of gunshot injury","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Multiple gunshot suicide can be a controversial subject mainly because of wrong opinions concerning immediate incapacitation or alleged backwards hurling. 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In","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/12457954/A_finite_element_model_investigation_of_gunshot_injury","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2015-05-19T00:52:16.366-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":31283622,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"A_finite_element_model_investigation_of_gunshot_injury","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":31283622,"first_name":"Bertrand","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Ludes","page_name":"BertrandLudes","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-05-19T00:51:41.209-07:00","display_name":"Bertrand Ludes","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BertrandLudes"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":8981,"name":"Suicide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Suicide"},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans"},{"id":73069,"name":"Legal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legal"},{"id":111545,"name":"Male","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Male"},{"id":248653,"name":"Legal Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legal_Medicine"},{"id":382075,"name":"Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adult"},{"id":386557,"name":"Finite Element Model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finite_Element_Model"},{"id":393134,"name":"Empirical evidence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Empirical_evidence"},{"id":462466,"name":"Forensic Ballistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forensic_Ballistics"},{"id":1902100,"name":"Biomechanical Phenomena","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomechanical_Phenomena"}],"urls":[{"id":4786282,"url":"http://www.springerlink.com/content/p0p576811663lk48"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="12457953"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/12457953/Ricochet_of_a_Bullet_in_the_Spinal_Canal_A_Case_Report_and_Review_of_the_Literature_on_Bullet_Migration_RICOCHET_OF_A_BULLET_IN_THE_SPINAL_CANAL"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Ricochet of a Bullet in the Spinal Canal: A Case Report and Review of the Literature on Bullet Migration: RICOCHET OF A BULLET IN THE SPINAL CANAL" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/46169301/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/12457953/Ricochet_of_a_Bullet_in_the_Spinal_Canal_A_Case_Report_and_Review_of_the_Literature_on_Bullet_Migration_RICOCHET_OF_A_BULLET_IN_THE_SPINAL_CANAL">Ricochet of a Bullet in the Spinal Canal: A Case Report and Review of the Literature on Bullet Migration: RICOCHET OF A BULLET IN THE SPINAL CANAL</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Forensic Sciences</span><span>, 2010</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="5440e63b96caabadb8973aa5a41df949" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":46169301,"asset_id":12457953,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46169301/download_file?st=MTczMjUyMTcyNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="12457953"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12457953"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12457953; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12457953]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12457953]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12457953; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='12457953']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12457953, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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This article presents a homicide case of a penetrating gunshot injury of the lumbar spine through the T12-L1 intervertebral foramen with active movement of the projectile within the spinal canal to the L5-S1 level. This case illustrates a bullet intradural and intramedullary active movement because of a ricochet of the body of T12 with active redirection of the path. In the current literature, different types of migration in caudal or cranial direction, intradural, or intramedullary are reported. If spontaneous migration of T10 to S1 seems to be more frequent, some authors reported a C1 to S2 migration. Such migration could be asymptomatic or induce neurological impairment. The medico-legal consequences of these migrations within the spinal canal are described.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2010,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Journal of Forensic Sciences","grobid_abstract_attachment_id":46169301},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/12457953/Ricochet_of_a_Bullet_in_the_Spinal_Canal_A_Case_Report_and_Review_of_the_Literature_on_Bullet_Migration_RICOCHET_OF_A_BULLET_IN_THE_SPINAL_CANAL","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2015-05-19T00:52:16.141-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":31283622,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46169301,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/46169301/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"j.1556-4029.2010.01439.x20160602-32366-1ggav5h.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46169301/download_file?st=MTczMjUyMTcyNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Ricochet_of_a_Bullet_in_the_Spinal_Canal.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/46169301/j.1556-4029.2010.01439.x20160602-32366-1ggav5h-libre.pdf?1464880775=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DRicochet_of_a_Bullet_in_the_Spinal_Canal.pdf\u0026Expires=1732525324\u0026Signature=XlgelCUipC1Z6IMhQ0QmUpQ9ggurccSmehnQWGXhbNol10i5oCUm07LeKccKbWc-HrYMg3SgN4cOfziDyMT4GJmJgAV8Jhvtkw9GXBfzbjktY4Sd4yxDft3tfc-lRlEASNZcwh1GJvsx5bAxnH4rvPvx9wsY2lPAKF4vGf1GfO2SmMUvvb5ypJF~JstZVaYDDX4JC~8yzCrLBdsCrj-3R744ssaW1T98HLvv1tBDIDurx0ysXxF2ClxM5KkcgHoC10mcauGdWSdmj~EPTvPm00V7e-S1vLgzDHpESVD64Z6Tw6~n1iuEibA8PpY7rAivqtlunm4vWiLP8SXUWLC3kw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Ricochet_of_a_Bullet_in_the_Spinal_Canal_A_Case_Report_and_Review_of_the_Literature_on_Bullet_Migration_RICOCHET_OF_A_BULLET_IN_THE_SPINAL_CANAL","translated_slug":"","page_count":4,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":31283622,"first_name":"Bertrand","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Ludes","page_name":"BertrandLudes","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-05-19T00:51:41.209-07:00","display_name":"Bertrand Ludes","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BertrandLudes"},"attachments":[{"id":46169301,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/46169301/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"j.1556-4029.2010.01439.x20160602-32366-1ggav5h.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46169301/download_file?st=MTczMjUyMTcyNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Ricochet_of_a_Bullet_in_the_Spinal_Canal.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/46169301/j.1556-4029.2010.01439.x20160602-32366-1ggav5h-libre.pdf?1464880775=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DRicochet_of_a_Bullet_in_the_Spinal_Canal.pdf\u0026Expires=1732525324\u0026Signature=XlgelCUipC1Z6IMhQ0QmUpQ9ggurccSmehnQWGXhbNol10i5oCUm07LeKccKbWc-HrYMg3SgN4cOfziDyMT4GJmJgAV8Jhvtkw9GXBfzbjktY4Sd4yxDft3tfc-lRlEASNZcwh1GJvsx5bAxnH4rvPvx9wsY2lPAKF4vGf1GfO2SmMUvvb5ypJF~JstZVaYDDX4JC~8yzCrLBdsCrj-3R744ssaW1T98HLvv1tBDIDurx0ysXxF2ClxM5KkcgHoC10mcauGdWSdmj~EPTvPm00V7e-S1vLgzDHpESVD64Z6Tw6~n1iuEibA8PpY7rAivqtlunm4vWiLP8SXUWLC3kw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":3208,"name":"Homicide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Homicide"},{"id":24246,"name":"FORENSIC","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/FORENSIC"},{"id":63886,"name":"Case Report","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Case_Report"},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans"},{"id":66408,"name":"Forensic Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forensic_Sciences"},{"id":71437,"name":"Liver","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liver"},{"id":111545,"name":"Male","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Male"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences"},{"id":382075,"name":"Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adult"},{"id":462466,"name":"Forensic Ballistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forensic_Ballistics"},{"id":745088,"name":"FOREIGN BODY MIGRATION","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/FOREIGN_BODY_MIGRATION"},{"id":820775,"name":"Renal Artery","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Renal_Artery"},{"id":1004785,"name":"Hemorrhage","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hemorrhage"},{"id":1030661,"name":"Stomach","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Stomach"}],"urls":[{"id":4786281,"url":"http://blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1556-4029.2010.01439.x"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="12457952"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/12457952/%C3%89pid%C3%A9miologie_de_larthrose_et_des_enth%C3%A9sopathies_dans_une_population_europ%C3%A9enne_dil_y_a_7_700_ans"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Épidémiologie de l'arthrose et des enthésopathies dans une population européenne d'il y a 7 700 ans" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/12457952/%C3%89pid%C3%A9miologie_de_larthrose_et_des_enth%C3%A9sopathies_dans_une_population_europ%C3%A9enne_dil_y_a_7_700_ans">Épidémiologie de l'arthrose et des enthésopathies dans une population européenne d'il y a 7 700 ans</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Revue du Rhumatisme</span><span>, 2002</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Objectives. To investigate the epidemiology of bone changes related to degenerative joint disease...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Objectives. To investigate the epidemiology of bone changes related to degenerative joint disease and enthesopathies in the earliest Neolithic population identified in Europe (dated back 7 700 years), to compare the findings with those in medieval and contemporary populations, and to draw etiological inferences. Methods. Examination of the skeletal remains of 119 individuals older than 20 years of age at death and buried in</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="12457952"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12457952"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12457952; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12457952]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12457952]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12457952; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='12457952']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12457952, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=12457952]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":12457952,"title":"Épidémiologie de l'arthrose et des enthésopathies dans une population européenne d'il y a 7 700 ans","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Objectives. To investigate the epidemiology of bone changes related to degenerative joint disease and enthesopathies in the earliest Neolithic population identified in Europe (dated back 7 700 years), to compare the findings with those in medieval and contemporary populations, and to draw etiological inferences. Methods. Examination of the skeletal remains of 119 individuals older than 20 years of age at death and buried in","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2002,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Revue du Rhumatisme"},"translated_abstract":"Objectives. To investigate the epidemiology of bone changes related to degenerative joint disease and enthesopathies in the earliest Neolithic population identified in Europe (dated back 7 700 years), to compare the findings with those in medieval and contemporary populations, and to draw etiological inferences. Methods. Examination of the skeletal remains of 119 individuals older than 20 years of age at death and buried in","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/12457952/%C3%89pid%C3%A9miologie_de_larthrose_et_des_enth%C3%A9sopathies_dans_une_population_europ%C3%A9enne_dil_y_a_7_700_ans","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2015-05-19T00:52:15.993-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":31283622,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Épidémiologie_de_larthrose_et_des_enthésopathies_dans_une_population_européenne_dil_y_a_7_700_ans","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":31283622,"first_name":"Bertrand","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Ludes","page_name":"BertrandLudes","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-05-19T00:51:41.209-07:00","display_name":"Bertrand Ludes","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BertrandLudes"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":35830,"name":"Osteoarthritis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Osteoarthritis"},{"id":457463,"name":"Knee Osteoarthritis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Knee_Osteoarthritis"},{"id":653041,"name":"Degenerative Joint Disease (DJD)","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Degenerative_Joint_Disease_DJD_"},{"id":963781,"name":"Upper Limb","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Upper_Limb"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="12457951"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/12457951/Megaplex_analysis_of_a_Mongolian_population_from_the_Egyin_Gol_site_300_B_C_300_A_D_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Megaplex analysis of a Mongolian population from the Egyin Gol site (300 B.C.–300 A.D.)" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/46169320/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/12457951/Megaplex_analysis_of_a_Mongolian_population_from_the_Egyin_Gol_site_300_B_C_300_A_D_">Megaplex analysis of a Mongolian population from the Egyin Gol site (300 B.C.–300 A.D.)</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>International Congress Series</span><span>, 2003</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Genetic analysis of archaeological remains may provide information of prime importance to the und...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Genetic analysis of archaeological remains may provide information of prime importance to the understanding of human past history. In order to investigate the history of Mongolian populations, we have analyzed the skeletal remains of 56 specimens excavated from the Egyin Gol necropolis located in northern Mongolia. This burial site is linked to the Xiongnu period, which extended from the 3rd</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="4b715f507b8698b9cc79b7df805aa806" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":46169320,"asset_id":12457951,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46169320/download_file?st=MTczMjUyMTcyNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="12457951"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12457951"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12457951; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12457951]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12457951]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12457951; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='12457951']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12457951, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "4b715f507b8698b9cc79b7df805aa806" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=12457951]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":12457951,"title":"Megaplex analysis of a Mongolian population from the Egyin Gol site (300 B.C.–300 A.D.)","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Genetic analysis of archaeological remains may provide information of prime importance to the understanding of human past history. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="12457950"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/12457950/Windows_of_detection_of_lorazepam_in_urine_oral_fluid_and_hair_with_a_special_focus_on_drug_facilitated_crimes"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Windows of detection of lorazepam in urine, oral fluid and hair, with a special focus on drug-facilitated crimes" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/46169316/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/12457950/Windows_of_detection_of_lorazepam_in_urine_oral_fluid_and_hair_with_a_special_focus_on_drug_facilitated_crimes">Windows of detection of lorazepam in urine, oral fluid and hair, with a special focus on drug-facilitated crimes</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Forensic Science International</span><span>, 2004</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The purported lowering of sex opposition, coupled with a possible abrupt unconsciousness-inducing...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The purported lowering of sex opposition, coupled with a possible abrupt unconsciousness-inducing effect and ease of administration in spiked drinks have resulted in the use of hypnotics in cases of drug-facilitated offense. Among these compounds, lorazepam possesses amnesic properties and can impair an individual rapidly.The chances to detect this substance increase if the most sensitive methods are used and if</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="dc5aec90016b5afbc98e83b8bc2900e4" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":46169316,"asset_id":12457950,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46169316/download_file?st=MTczMjUyMTcyNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="12457950"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12457950"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12457950; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12457950]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12457950]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12457950; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='12457950']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12457950, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "dc5aec90016b5afbc98e83b8bc2900e4" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=12457950]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":12457950,"title":"Windows of detection of lorazepam in urine, oral fluid and hair, with a special focus on drug-facilitated crimes","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The purported lowering of sex opposition, coupled with a possible abrupt unconsciousness-inducing effect and ease of administration in spiked drinks have resulted in the use of hypnotics in cases of drug-facilitated offense. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="12457949"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/12457949/GHB_dans_le_sang_post_mortem_Crit%C3%A8res_dinterpr%C3%A9tation"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of GHB dans le sang post-mortem. Critères d'interprétation" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/12457949/GHB_dans_le_sang_post_mortem_Crit%C3%A8res_dinterpr%C3%A9tation">GHB dans le sang post-mortem. Critères d'interprétation</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Annales de Toxicologie Analytique</span><span>, 2004</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">... concentrations Pascal KINTZ*, Marion VILLAIN, Carole JAMEY, Vincent ÓREMELE, ... GHB was test...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">... concentrations Pascal KINTZ*, Marion VILLAIN, Carole JAMEY, Vincent ÓREMELE, ... GHB was tested by GC/MS after precipitation. 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Eight haplotypes were found among the 13 ancient horse samples tested. Phylogenetical analysis showed that these ancient horse&amp;#39;s sequences, along with two Yakut ones, were distributed throughout the tree defined by modern horses&amp;#39; sequences and are closely related to them. No clear geographical affiliation of the specimens studied was thus determined. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="12457947"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/12457947/Molecular_Identification_of_Bacteria_by_Total_Sequence_Screening_Determining_the_Cause_of_Death_in_Ancient_Human_Subjects"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Molecular Identification of Bacteria by Total Sequence Screening: Determining the Cause of Death in Ancient Human Subjects" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/46169350/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/12457947/Molecular_Identification_of_Bacteria_by_Total_Sequence_Screening_Determining_the_Cause_of_Death_in_Ancient_Human_Subjects">Molecular Identification of Bacteria by Total Sequence Screening: Determining the Cause of Death in Ancient Human Subjects</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>PLOS One</span><span>, 2011</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Research of ancient pathogens in ancient human skeletons has been mainly carried out on the basis...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Research of ancient pathogens in ancient human skeletons has been mainly carried out on the basis of one essential historical or archaeological observation, permitting specific pathogens to be targeted. Detection of ancient human pathogens without such evidence is more difficult, since the quantity and quality of ancient DNA, as well as the environmental bacteria potentially present in the sample, limit</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="4e17f148382c0091b1d8d0daab027e7f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":46169350,"asset_id":12457947,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46169350/download_file?st=MTczMjUyMTcyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="12457947"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12457947"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12457947; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12457947]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12457947]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12457947; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='12457947']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12457947, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "4e17f148382c0091b1d8d0daab027e7f" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=12457947]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":12457947,"title":"Molecular Identification of Bacteria by Total Sequence Screening: Determining the Cause of Death in Ancient Human Subjects","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Research of ancient pathogens in ancient human skeletons has been mainly carried out on the basis of one essential historical or archaeological observation, permitting specific pathogens to be targeted. 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href="https://www.academia.edu/12457946/Increasing_the_discrimination_power_of_forensic_STR_testing_by_employing_high_performance_mass_spectrometry_as_illustrated_in_indigenous_South_African_and_Central_Asian_populations"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Increasing the discrimination power of forensic STR testing by employing high-performance mass spectrometry, as illustrated in indigenous South African and Central Asian populations" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/46169344/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/12457946/Increasing_the_discrimination_power_of_forensic_STR_testing_by_employing_high_performance_mass_spectrometry_as_illustrated_in_indigenous_South_African_and_Central_Asian_populations">Increasing the discrimination power of forensic STR testing by employing high-performance mass spectrometry, as illustrated in indigenous South African and Central Asian populations</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>International Journal of Legal Medicine</span><span>, 2010</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Short tandem repeat (STR) typing has become the standard technique in forensic methodology for th...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Short tandem repeat (STR) typing has become the standard technique in forensic methodology for the identification of unknown samples. National DNA databases have been established that contain STR genotypes for intelligence purposes. Due to their success, national DNA databases have been growing so fast that the number of advantageous matches may become a logistic problem for the analysts. This is</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="a19c4e902fd93dc70c13e22e88a166c2" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":46169344,"asset_id":12457946,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46169344/download_file?st=MTczMjUyMTcyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="12457946"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12457946"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12457946; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12457946]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12457946]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12457946; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='12457946']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12457946, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "a19c4e902fd93dc70c13e22e88a166c2" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=12457946]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":12457946,"title":"Increasing the discrimination power of forensic STR testing by employing high-performance mass spectrometry, as illustrated in indigenous South African and Central Asian populations","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Short tandem repeat (STR) typing has become the standard technique in forensic methodology for the identification of unknown samples. 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wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/12457965/Nicotine_monitoring_in_sweat_with_a_sweat_patch">Nicotine monitoring in sweat with a sweat patch</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of chromatography. B, Biomedical sciences and applications</span><span>, Jan 13, 1998</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">In recent years, remarkable advances in sensitive analytical techniques have enabled the analysis...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">In recent years, remarkable advances in sensitive analytical techniques have enabled the analysis of drugs in unconventional samples, such as sweat. In a study conducted with cigarettes smokers and nonsmokers, PharmChek sweat patches were applied to 29 subjects for 72 h. Nicotine was extracted in 5 ml methanol in the presence of 200 ng nicotine-d4, used as internal standard. After 20 min agitation, the methanolic solution was evaporated to dryness in the presence of 10 microl octanol to ensure nonvolatility of nicotine. Nicotine was determined using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry after separation on a 30-m capillary HP5 MS column. The assay was linear in the range 50-2500 ng/patch, with an extraction recovery of 76+/-5%. Limit of detection was 10 ng/patch. Nicotine concentrations in sweat were not detected for the nonexposed nonsmokers (n = 8), 87 to 266 ng/patch for the passive smokers (n = 6) and 150 to 2498 ng/patch for the smokers (n = 15). This study demonstrat...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="12457965"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12457965"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12457965; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12457965]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12457965]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12457965; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='12457965']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12457965, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=12457965]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":12457965,"title":"Nicotine monitoring in sweat with a sweat patch","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"In recent years, remarkable advances in sensitive analytical techniques have enabled the analysis of drugs in unconventional samples, such as sweat. In a study conducted with cigarettes smokers and nonsmokers, PharmChek sweat patches were applied to 29 subjects for 72 h. Nicotine was extracted in 5 ml methanol in the presence of 200 ng nicotine-d4, used as internal standard. After 20 min agitation, the methanolic solution was evaporated to dryness in the presence of 10 microl octanol to ensure nonvolatility of nicotine. Nicotine was determined using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry after separation on a 30-m capillary HP5 MS column. The assay was linear in the range 50-2500 ng/patch, with an extraction recovery of 76+/-5%. Limit of detection was 10 ng/patch. Nicotine concentrations in sweat were not detected for the nonexposed nonsmokers (n = 8), 87 to 266 ng/patch for the passive smokers (n = 6) and 150 to 2498 ng/patch for the smokers (n = 15). This study demonstrat...","publication_date":{"day":13,"month":1,"year":1998,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Journal of chromatography. B, Biomedical sciences and applications"},"translated_abstract":"In recent years, remarkable advances in sensitive analytical techniques have enabled the analysis of drugs in unconventional samples, such as sweat. In a study conducted with cigarettes smokers and nonsmokers, PharmChek sweat patches were applied to 29 subjects for 72 h. Nicotine was extracted in 5 ml methanol in the presence of 200 ng nicotine-d4, used as internal standard. After 20 min agitation, the methanolic solution was evaporated to dryness in the presence of 10 microl octanol to ensure nonvolatility of nicotine. Nicotine was determined using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry after separation on a 30-m capillary HP5 MS column. The assay was linear in the range 50-2500 ng/patch, with an extraction recovery of 76+/-5%. Limit of detection was 10 ng/patch. Nicotine concentrations in sweat were not detected for the nonexposed nonsmokers (n = 8), 87 to 266 ng/patch for the passive smokers (n = 6) and 150 to 2498 ng/patch for the smokers (n = 15). This study demonstrat...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/12457965/Nicotine_monitoring_in_sweat_with_a_sweat_patch","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2015-05-19T00:52:18.006-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":31283622,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Nicotine_monitoring_in_sweat_with_a_sweat_patch","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":31283622,"first_name":"Bertrand","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Ludes","page_name":"BertrandLudes","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-05-19T00:51:41.209-07:00","display_name":"Bertrand Ludes","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BertrandLudes"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":5769,"name":"Mass Spectrometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mass_Spectrometry"},{"id":9109,"name":"Tobacco","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Tobacco"},{"id":58380,"name":"Therapeutic drug monitoring","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Therapeutic_drug_monitoring"},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans"},{"id":75318,"name":"Smoking","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Smoking"},{"id":91360,"name":"Nicotine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Nicotine"},{"id":162553,"name":"Skin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Skin"},{"id":166448,"name":"Gas Chromatography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gas_Chromatography"},{"id":295155,"name":"Middle Aged","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Middle_Aged"},{"id":382075,"name":"Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adult"},{"id":529560,"name":"Gas Chromatography/mass Spectrometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gas_Chromatography_mass_Spectrometry"},{"id":549280,"name":"Reproducibility of Results","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reproducibility_of_Results"},{"id":793577,"name":"Sweat","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sweat"},{"id":901876,"name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sensitivity_and_Specificity"},{"id":945595,"name":"Pilot Projects","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Pilot_Projects"},{"id":1000427,"name":"Reference Values","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Reference_Values"},{"id":1312021,"name":"Environmental Exposure","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Exposure"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="12457964"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/12457964/_Study_of_Siberian_population_movements_use_of_multiple_markers_"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of [Study of Siberian population movements: use of multiple markers]" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/12457964/_Study_of_Siberian_population_movements_use_of_multiple_markers_">[Study of Siberian population movements: use of multiple markers]</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Bulletin de l'Académie nationale de médecine</span><span>, 2012</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">To further explore early Eurasian steppe migration, we determined the Y chromosome and mitochondr...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">To further explore early Eurasian steppe migration, we determined the Y chromosome and mitochondrial haplotypes of 26 ancient human specimens from the Krasnoyarsk area, dated between the middle of the second millennium BC and the fourth century AD. Our autosomal Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA analyses reveal that, whereas few specimens seem to be related matrilineally or patrilineally, nearly all the subjects belong to haplogroup R1a1--M17, which is thought to mark the eastward migration of early Indo-Europeans. Our results also confirm that, during the Bronze and Iron Ages, southern Siberia was a region of overwhelming European settlement.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="12457964"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12457964"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12457964; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12457964]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12457964]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12457964; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='12457964']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12457964, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=12457964]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":12457964,"title":"[Study of Siberian population movements: use of multiple markers]","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"To further explore early Eurasian steppe migration, we determined the Y chromosome and mitochondrial haplotypes of 26 ancient human specimens from the Krasnoyarsk area, dated between the middle of the second millennium BC and the fourth century AD. Our autosomal Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA analyses reveal that, whereas few specimens seem to be related matrilineally or patrilineally, nearly all the subjects belong to haplogroup R1a1--M17, which is thought to mark the eastward migration of early Indo-Europeans. Our results also confirm that, during the Bronze and Iron Ages, southern Siberia was a region of overwhelming European settlement.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2012,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Bulletin de l'Académie nationale de médecine"},"translated_abstract":"To further explore early Eurasian steppe migration, we determined the Y chromosome and mitochondrial haplotypes of 26 ancient human specimens from the Krasnoyarsk area, dated between the middle of the second millennium BC and the fourth century AD. Our autosomal Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA analyses reveal that, whereas few specimens seem to be related matrilineally or patrilineally, nearly all the subjects belong to haplogroup R1a1--M17, which is thought to mark the eastward migration of early Indo-Europeans. Our results also confirm that, during the Bronze and Iron Ages, southern Siberia was a region of overwhelming European settlement.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/12457964/_Study_of_Siberian_population_movements_use_of_multiple_markers_","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2015-05-19T00:52:17.869-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":31283622,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"_Study_of_Siberian_population_movements_use_of_multiple_markers_","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":31283622,"first_name":"Bertrand","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Ludes","page_name":"BertrandLudes","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-05-19T00:51:41.209-07:00","display_name":"Bertrand Ludes","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BertrandLudes"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":130,"name":"Ancient History","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ancient_History"},{"id":7125,"name":"Culture","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Culture"},{"id":9733,"name":"Siberia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Siberia"},{"id":63093,"name":"Mitochondrial DNA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mitochondrial_DNA"},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans"},{"id":71831,"name":"Human Migration","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Migration"},{"id":75826,"name":"Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Europe"},{"id":86952,"name":"Haplotypes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Haplotypes"},{"id":98925,"name":"Female","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Female"},{"id":111545,"name":"Male","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Male"},{"id":128357,"name":"Mummies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mummies"},{"id":219123,"name":"Ethnic Groups","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ethnic_Groups"},{"id":349211,"name":"Skin Pigmentation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Skin_Pigmentation"},{"id":561981,"name":"European Continental Ancestry Group","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/European_Continental_Ancestry_Group"},{"id":576640,"name":"Hair Color","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hair_Color"},{"id":1232430,"name":"Genetic Markers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_Markers"},{"id":1235646,"name":"Eye Color","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Eye_Color"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="12457963"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/12457963/European_Council_of_Legal_Medicine_ECLM_accreditation_of_forensic_pathology_services_in_Europe"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of European Council of Legal Medicine (ECLM) accreditation of forensic pathology services in Europe" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/12457963/European_Council_of_Legal_Medicine_ECLM_accreditation_of_forensic_pathology_services_in_Europe">European Council of Legal Medicine (ECLM) accreditation of forensic pathology services in Europe</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>International Journal of Legal Medicine</span><span>, 2014</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Forensic experts play a major role in the legal process as they offer professional expert opinion...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Forensic experts play a major role in the legal process as they offer professional expert opinion and evidence within the criminal justice system adjudicating on the innocence or alleged guilt of an accused person. In this respect, medico-legal examination is an essential part of the investigation process, determining in a scientific way the cause(s) and manner of unexpected and/or unnatural death or bringing clinical evidence in case of physical, psychological, or sexual abuse in living people. From a legal perspective, these types of investigation must meet international standards, i.e., it should be independent, effective, and prompt. Ideally, the investigations should be conducted by board-certified experts in forensic medicine, endowed with a solid experience in this field, without any hierarchical relationship with the prosecuting authorities and having access to appropriate facilities in order to provide forensic reports of high quality. In this respect, there is a need for any private or public national or international authority including non-governmental organizations seeking experts qualified in forensic medicine to have at disposal a list of specialists working in accordance with high standards of professional performance within forensic pathology services that have been successfully submitted to an official accreditation/certification process using valid and acceptable criteria. To reach this goal, the National Association of Medical Examiners (NAME) has elaborated an accreditation/certification checklist which should be served as decision-making support to assist inspectors appointed to evaluate applicants. In the same spirit than NAME Accreditation Standards, European Council of Legal Medicine (ECLM) board decided to set up an ad hoc working group with the mission to elaborate an accreditation/certification procedure similar to the NAME&amp;amp;amp;#39;s one but taking into account the realities of forensic medicine practices in Europe and restricted to post-mortem investigations. This accreditation process applies to services and not to individual practitioners by emphasizing policies and procedures rather than professional performance. In addition, the standards to be complied with should be considered as the minimum standards needed to get the recognition of performing and reliable forensic pathology service.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="12457963"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12457963"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12457963; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12457963]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12457963]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12457963; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='12457963']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12457963, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=12457963]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":12457963,"title":"European Council of Legal Medicine (ECLM) accreditation of forensic pathology services in Europe","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Forensic experts play a major role in the legal process as they offer professional expert opinion and evidence within the criminal justice system adjudicating on the innocence or alleged guilt of an accused person. In this respect, medico-legal examination is an essential part of the investigation process, determining in a scientific way the cause(s) and manner of unexpected and/or unnatural death or bringing clinical evidence in case of physical, psychological, or sexual abuse in living people. From a legal perspective, these types of investigation must meet international standards, i.e., it should be independent, effective, and prompt. Ideally, the investigations should be conducted by board-certified experts in forensic medicine, endowed with a solid experience in this field, without any hierarchical relationship with the prosecuting authorities and having access to appropriate facilities in order to provide forensic reports of high quality. In this respect, there is a need for any private or public national or international authority including non-governmental organizations seeking experts qualified in forensic medicine to have at disposal a list of specialists working in accordance with high standards of professional performance within forensic pathology services that have been successfully submitted to an official accreditation/certification process using valid and acceptable criteria. To reach this goal, the National Association of Medical Examiners (NAME) has elaborated an accreditation/certification checklist which should be served as decision-making support to assist inspectors appointed to evaluate applicants. In the same spirit than NAME Accreditation Standards, European Council of Legal Medicine (ECLM) board decided to set up an ad hoc working group with the mission to elaborate an accreditation/certification procedure similar to the NAME\u0026amp;amp;amp;#39;s one but taking into account the realities of forensic medicine practices in Europe and restricted to post-mortem investigations. This accreditation process applies to services and not to individual practitioners by emphasizing policies and procedures rather than professional performance. In addition, the standards to be complied with should be considered as the minimum standards needed to get the recognition of performing and reliable forensic pathology service.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2014,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"International Journal of Legal Medicine"},"translated_abstract":"Forensic experts play a major role in the legal process as they offer professional expert opinion and evidence within the criminal justice system adjudicating on the innocence or alleged guilt of an accused person. In this respect, medico-legal examination is an essential part of the investigation process, determining in a scientific way the cause(s) and manner of unexpected and/or unnatural death or bringing clinical evidence in case of physical, psychological, or sexual abuse in living people. From a legal perspective, these types of investigation must meet international standards, i.e., it should be independent, effective, and prompt. Ideally, the investigations should be conducted by board-certified experts in forensic medicine, endowed with a solid experience in this field, without any hierarchical relationship with the prosecuting authorities and having access to appropriate facilities in order to provide forensic reports of high quality. In this respect, there is a need for any private or public national or international authority including non-governmental organizations seeking experts qualified in forensic medicine to have at disposal a list of specialists working in accordance with high standards of professional performance within forensic pathology services that have been successfully submitted to an official accreditation/certification process using valid and acceptable criteria. To reach this goal, the National Association of Medical Examiners (NAME) has elaborated an accreditation/certification checklist which should be served as decision-making support to assist inspectors appointed to evaluate applicants. In the same spirit than NAME Accreditation Standards, European Council of Legal Medicine (ECLM) board decided to set up an ad hoc working group with the mission to elaborate an accreditation/certification procedure similar to the NAME\u0026amp;amp;amp;#39;s one but taking into account the realities of forensic medicine practices in Europe and restricted to post-mortem investigations. This accreditation process applies to services and not to individual practitioners by emphasizing policies and procedures rather than professional performance. In addition, the standards to be complied with should be considered as the minimum standards needed to get the recognition of performing and reliable forensic pathology service.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/12457963/European_Council_of_Legal_Medicine_ECLM_accreditation_of_forensic_pathology_services_in_Europe","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2015-05-19T00:52:17.713-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":31283622,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"European_Council_of_Legal_Medicine_ECLM_accreditation_of_forensic_pathology_services_in_Europe","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":31283622,"first_name":"Bertrand","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Ludes","page_name":"BertrandLudes","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-05-19T00:51:41.209-07:00","display_name":"Bertrand Ludes","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BertrandLudes"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":1589,"name":"Photography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Photography"},{"id":12106,"name":"Accreditation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Accreditation"},{"id":21717,"name":"Forensic Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forensic_Pathology"},{"id":31806,"name":"Forensic Toxicology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forensic_Toxicology"},{"id":32696,"name":"Scientific Societies","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Scientific_Societies"},{"id":37306,"name":"Quality Control","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Quality_Control"},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans"},{"id":75826,"name":"Europe","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Europe"},{"id":239507,"name":"Laboratories","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Laboratories"},{"id":248653,"name":"Legal Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legal_Medicine"},{"id":325096,"name":"Security Measures","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Security_Measures"},{"id":920739,"name":"Research Report","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Research_Report"},{"id":1033836,"name":"Post Disaster Planning","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Post_Disaster_Planning"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="12457962"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/12457962/Screening_for_forensically_relevant_benzodiazepines_in_human_hair_by_gas_chromatography_negative_ion_chemical_ionization_mass_spectrometry"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Screening for forensically relevant benzodiazepines in human hair by gas chromatography-negative ion chemical ionization-mass spectrometry" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/12457962/Screening_for_forensically_relevant_benzodiazepines_in_human_hair_by_gas_chromatography_negative_ion_chemical_ionization_mass_spectrometry">Screening for forensically relevant benzodiazepines in human hair by gas chromatography-negative ion chemical ionization-mass spectrometry</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of chromatography. B, Biomedical sciences and applications</span><span>, Jan 24, 1997</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">A procedure is presented for the detection in human hair of forensically relevant benzodiazepines...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">A procedure is presented for the detection in human hair of forensically relevant benzodiazepines, i.e. nordiazepam, oxazepam, bromazepam, diazepam, lorazepam, flunitrazepam, alprazolam and triazolam. The method involves decontamination of hair with methylene chloride, pulverization in a ball mill, incubation of 50 mg powdered hair in Soerensen buffer (pH 7.6) in the presence of prazepam-d5 used as internal standard, liquid-liquid extraction with diethyl ether-chloroform (80:20, v/v) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using negative chemical ionization after derivatization with N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide plus 1% trimethylchlorosilane. The limits of detection for all benzodiazepines ranged from 1 to 20 pg/mg using a 50-mg hair sample. Coefficients of variation and extraction recoveries, ranging from 7.4 to 25.4% and 47.6 to 90%, respectively, were found suitable for a screening procedure. One hundred and fifteen samples were submitted to this screening procedure,...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="12457962"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12457962"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12457962; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12457962]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12457962]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12457962; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='12457962']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12457962, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=12457962]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":12457962,"title":"Screening for forensically relevant benzodiazepines in human hair by gas chromatography-negative ion chemical ionization-mass spectrometry","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"A procedure is presented for the detection in human hair of forensically relevant benzodiazepines, i.e. nordiazepam, oxazepam, bromazepam, diazepam, lorazepam, flunitrazepam, alprazolam and triazolam. The method involves decontamination of hair with methylene chloride, pulverization in a ball mill, incubation of 50 mg powdered hair in Soerensen buffer (pH 7.6) in the presence of prazepam-d5 used as internal standard, liquid-liquid extraction with diethyl ether-chloroform (80:20, v/v) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using negative chemical ionization after derivatization with N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide plus 1% trimethylchlorosilane. The limits of detection for all benzodiazepines ranged from 1 to 20 pg/mg using a 50-mg hair sample. Coefficients of variation and extraction recoveries, ranging from 7.4 to 25.4% and 47.6 to 90%, respectively, were found suitable for a screening procedure. One hundred and fifteen samples were submitted to this screening procedure,...","publication_date":{"day":24,"month":1,"year":1997,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Journal of chromatography. B, Biomedical sciences and applications"},"translated_abstract":"A procedure is presented for the detection in human hair of forensically relevant benzodiazepines, i.e. nordiazepam, oxazepam, bromazepam, diazepam, lorazepam, flunitrazepam, alprazolam and triazolam. The method involves decontamination of hair with methylene chloride, pulverization in a ball mill, incubation of 50 mg powdered hair in Soerensen buffer (pH 7.6) in the presence of prazepam-d5 used as internal standard, liquid-liquid extraction with diethyl ether-chloroform (80:20, v/v) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using negative chemical ionization after derivatization with N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide plus 1% trimethylchlorosilane. The limits of detection for all benzodiazepines ranged from 1 to 20 pg/mg using a 50-mg hair sample. Coefficients of variation and extraction recoveries, ranging from 7.4 to 25.4% and 47.6 to 90%, respectively, were found suitable for a screening procedure. One hundred and fifteen samples were submitted to this screening procedure,...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/12457962/Screening_for_forensically_relevant_benzodiazepines_in_human_hair_by_gas_chromatography_negative_ion_chemical_ionization_mass_spectrometry","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2015-05-19T00:52:17.592-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":31283622,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Screening_for_forensically_relevant_benzodiazepines_in_human_hair_by_gas_chromatography_negative_ion_chemical_ionization_mass_spectrometry","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":31283622,"first_name":"Bertrand","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Ludes","page_name":"BertrandLudes","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-05-19T00:51:41.209-07:00","display_name":"Bertrand Ludes","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BertrandLudes"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":5769,"name":"Mass Spectrometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mass_Spectrometry"},{"id":13397,"name":"Forensic Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forensic_Medicine"},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans"},{"id":80465,"name":"Liquid Liquid Extraction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liquid_Liquid_Extraction"},{"id":83996,"name":"Hair","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Hair"},{"id":111545,"name":"Male","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Male"},{"id":133351,"name":"Benzodiazepines","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Benzodiazepines"},{"id":166448,"name":"Gas Chromatography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gas_Chromatography"},{"id":184682,"name":"Coefficient of Variation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Coefficient_of_Variation"},{"id":466103,"name":"Narcotics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Narcotics"},{"id":529560,"name":"Gas Chromatography/mass Spectrometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gas_Chromatography_mass_Spectrometry"},{"id":785480,"name":"Heroin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Heroin"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="12457961"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/12457961/High_performance_liquid_chromatography_ionspray_mass_spectrometry_for_the_specific_determination_of_digoxin_and_some_related_cardiac_glycosides_in_human_plasma"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of High-performance liquid chromatography-ionspray mass spectrometry for the specific determination of digoxin and some related cardiac glycosides in human plasma" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/46169304/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/12457961/High_performance_liquid_chromatography_ionspray_mass_spectrometry_for_the_specific_determination_of_digoxin_and_some_related_cardiac_glycosides_in_human_plasma">High-performance liquid chromatography-ionspray mass spectrometry for the specific determination of digoxin and some related cardiac glycosides in human plasma</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of chromatography. B, Biomedical sciences and applications</span><span>, Jan 25, 1997</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">An original method based upon high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to ionspray mass spe...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">An original method based upon high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to ionspray mass spectrometry (HPLC-ISP-MS) has been developed for the identification and quantification in plasma of several cardiac glycosides, namely digoxin, digitoxin, lanatoside C and acetyldigitoxin. After single-step liquid-liquid extraction by chloroform-2-propanol (95:5, v/v) at pH 9.5 using oleandrin as an internal standard, solutes are separated on a 4 microm NovaPak C18 (Waters) column (150x2.0 mm, I.D.), using a gradient of acetonitrile-2 mM NH4COOH, pH 3 buffer (flow-rate 200 microl/min, post-column split 1:3). Detection is done by a Perkin-Elmer Sciex API-100 mass analyzer equipped with an ISP interface. In most instances the major ion observed is not [M+H]+ as expected, but [M+NH4]+. The mean retention times (min) are: lanatoside C, 5.74; digoxin, 6.00; digitoxin, 8.08, oleandrin, 8.30, acetyldigitoxin, 8.66 and 9.01 (isomers alpha and beta, respectively). The lower limits of detection in s...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c96d059685eb16b4d775407f440e28ac" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":46169304,"asset_id":12457961,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46169304/download_file?st=MTczMjUyMTcyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjUyMTcyNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="12457961"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12457961"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12457961; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12457961]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12457961]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12457961; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='12457961']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12457961, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "c96d059685eb16b4d775407f440e28ac" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=12457961]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":12457961,"title":"High-performance liquid chromatography-ionspray mass spectrometry for the specific determination of digoxin and some related cardiac glycosides in human plasma","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"An original method based upon high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to ionspray mass spectrometry (HPLC-ISP-MS) has been developed for the identification and quantification in plasma of several cardiac glycosides, namely digoxin, digitoxin, lanatoside C and acetyldigitoxin. After single-step liquid-liquid extraction by chloroform-2-propanol (95:5, v/v) at pH 9.5 using oleandrin as an internal standard, solutes are separated on a 4 microm NovaPak C18 (Waters) column (150x2.0 mm, I.D.), using a gradient of acetonitrile-2 mM NH4COOH, pH 3 buffer (flow-rate 200 microl/min, post-column split 1:3). Detection is done by a Perkin-Elmer Sciex API-100 mass analyzer equipped with an ISP interface. In most instances the major ion observed is not [M+H]+ as expected, but [M+NH4]+. The mean retention times (min) are: lanatoside C, 5.74; digoxin, 6.00; digitoxin, 8.08, oleandrin, 8.30, acetyldigitoxin, 8.66 and 9.01 (isomers alpha and beta, respectively). The lower limits of detection in s...","publication_date":{"day":25,"month":1,"year":1997,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Journal of chromatography. B, Biomedical sciences and applications"},"translated_abstract":"An original method based upon high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to ionspray mass spectrometry (HPLC-ISP-MS) has been developed for the identification and quantification in plasma of several cardiac glycosides, namely digoxin, digitoxin, lanatoside C and acetyldigitoxin. After single-step liquid-liquid extraction by chloroform-2-propanol (95:5, v/v) at pH 9.5 using oleandrin as an internal standard, solutes are separated on a 4 microm NovaPak C18 (Waters) column (150x2.0 mm, I.D.), using a gradient of acetonitrile-2 mM NH4COOH, pH 3 buffer (flow-rate 200 microl/min, post-column split 1:3). Detection is done by a Perkin-Elmer Sciex API-100 mass analyzer equipped with an ISP interface. In most instances the major ion observed is not [M+H]+ as expected, but [M+NH4]+. The mean retention times (min) are: lanatoside C, 5.74; digoxin, 6.00; digitoxin, 8.08, oleandrin, 8.30, acetyldigitoxin, 8.66 and 9.01 (isomers alpha and beta, respectively). The lower limits of detection in s...","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/12457961/High_performance_liquid_chromatography_ionspray_mass_spectrometry_for_the_specific_determination_of_digoxin_and_some_related_cardiac_glycosides_in_human_plasma","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2015-05-19T00:52:17.473-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":31283622,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46169304,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/46169304/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"s0378-4347_2896_2900462-820160602-16151-1orf66j.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46169304/download_file?st=MTczMjUyMTcyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjUyMTcyNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"High_performance_liquid_chromatography_i.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/46169304/s0378-4347_2896_2900462-820160602-16151-1orf66j-libre.pdf?1464880775=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DHigh_performance_liquid_chromatography_i.pdf\u0026Expires=1732525324\u0026Signature=PchzFg-c5AQepEZM64ofo7vWaGkemMdrjKGI5CJPgfNOWyNjC4oWPjDkS~oXboDmN1p5f6G-S-iCPpqhJCihGWxndH2CI7AXym~snW0pM0Z64eFAeZWrj-bXB993w4fQOVKsJ-W1CI13VcjUN0LZnrtVpeX7ee-KlGG2cYUAGgmWHHg~Txn~NpkAJWfnjh3XhuaCrTWQvuR10-N66te2pzytSbnd22btPKVAYV4ok10m-RuD0sFnD70bFYelP5k3OtyY4xwd~IgsfV38iN6k-Wvl0QY6Eb7NdJOJjr6nuFSfTmMCGykaKg9Lx52eJZScV670WNsCOehB4vjQXO~LLA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"High_performance_liquid_chromatography_ionspray_mass_spectrometry_for_the_specific_determination_of_digoxin_and_some_related_cardiac_glycosides_in_human_plasma","translated_slug":"","page_count":9,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":31283622,"first_name":"Bertrand","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Ludes","page_name":"BertrandLudes","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-05-19T00:51:41.209-07:00","display_name":"Bertrand Ludes","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BertrandLudes"},"attachments":[{"id":46169304,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/46169304/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"s0378-4347_2896_2900462-820160602-16151-1orf66j.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46169304/download_file?st=MTczMjUyMTcyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjUyMTcyNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"High_performance_liquid_chromatography_i.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/46169304/s0378-4347_2896_2900462-820160602-16151-1orf66j-libre.pdf?1464880775=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DHigh_performance_liquid_chromatography_i.pdf\u0026Expires=1732525324\u0026Signature=PchzFg-c5AQepEZM64ofo7vWaGkemMdrjKGI5CJPgfNOWyNjC4oWPjDkS~oXboDmN1p5f6G-S-iCPpqhJCihGWxndH2CI7AXym~snW0pM0Z64eFAeZWrj-bXB993w4fQOVKsJ-W1CI13VcjUN0LZnrtVpeX7ee-KlGG2cYUAGgmWHHg~Txn~NpkAJWfnjh3XhuaCrTWQvuR10-N66te2pzytSbnd22btPKVAYV4ok10m-RuD0sFnD70bFYelP5k3OtyY4xwd~IgsfV38iN6k-Wvl0QY6Eb7NdJOJjr6nuFSfTmMCGykaKg9Lx52eJZScV670WNsCOehB4vjQXO~LLA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":5769,"name":"Mass Spectrometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mass_Spectrometry"},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans"},{"id":80465,"name":"Liquid Liquid Extraction","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Liquid_Liquid_Extraction"},{"id":225787,"name":"High Performance Liquid Chromatography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/High_Performance_Liquid_Chromatography"},{"id":246560,"name":"High Pressure Liquid Chromatography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/High_Pressure_Liquid_Chromatography"},{"id":529560,"name":"Gas Chromatography/mass Spectrometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gas_Chromatography_mass_Spectrometry"},{"id":898062,"name":"Flow Rate","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Flow_Rate"},{"id":901876,"name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sensitivity_and_Specificity"},{"id":977495,"name":"Digoxin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digoxin"},{"id":977496,"name":"Digitoxin","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Digitoxin"},{"id":991578,"name":"Mean Retention Time","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mean_Retention_Time"},{"id":1648955,"name":"Radioimmunoassay","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Radioimmunoassay"},{"id":2085586,"name":"Ouabain","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ouabain"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="12457960"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/12457960/Influence_of_the_benign_enlargement_of_the_subarachnoid_space_on_the_bridging_veins_strain_during_a_shaking_event_a_finite_element_study"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Influence of the benign enlargement of the subarachnoid space on the bridging veins strain during a shaking event: a finite element study" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/12457960/Influence_of_the_benign_enlargement_of_the_subarachnoid_space_on_the_bridging_veins_strain_during_a_shaking_event_a_finite_element_study">Influence of the benign enlargement of the subarachnoid space on the bridging veins strain during a shaking event: a finite element study</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">There is controversy regarding the influence of the benign enlargement of the subarachnoid space ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">There is controversy regarding the influence of the benign enlargement of the subarachnoid space on intracranial injuries in the field of the shaken baby syndrome. In the literature, several terminologies exists to define this entity illustrating the lack of unicity on this theme, and often what is &amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;benign&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; enlargement is mistaken with an old subdural bleeding or with abnormal enlargement due to brain pathology. This certainly led to mistaken conclusions. To investigate the influence of the benign enlargement of the subarachnoid space on child head injury and especially its influence on the bridging veins, we used a finite element model of a 6-month-old child head on which the size of the subarachnoid space was modified. Regarding the bridging veins strain, which is at the origin of the subdural bleeding when shaking an infant, our results show that the enlargement of the subarachnoid space has a damping effect which reduces the relative brain/skull displacement. Our numerical simulations suggest that the benign enlargement of the subarachnoid space may not be considered as a risk factor for subdural bleeding.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="12457960"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12457960"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12457960; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12457960]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12457960]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12457960; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='12457960']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12457960, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=12457960]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":12457960,"title":"Influence of the benign enlargement of the subarachnoid space on the bridging veins strain during a shaking event: a finite element study","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"There is controversy regarding the influence of the benign enlargement of the subarachnoid space on intracranial injuries in the field of the shaken baby syndrome. In the literature, several terminologies exists to define this entity illustrating the lack of unicity on this theme, and often what is \u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;benign\u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; enlargement is mistaken with an old subdural bleeding or with abnormal enlargement due to brain pathology. This certainly led to mistaken conclusions. To investigate the influence of the benign enlargement of the subarachnoid space on child head injury and especially its influence on the bridging veins, we used a finite element model of a 6-month-old child head on which the size of the subarachnoid space was modified. Regarding the bridging veins strain, which is at the origin of the subdural bleeding when shaking an infant, our results show that the enlargement of the subarachnoid space has a damping effect which reduces the relative brain/skull displacement. Our numerical simulations suggest that the benign enlargement of the subarachnoid space may not be considered as a risk factor for subdural bleeding.","publication_date":{"day":1,"month":7,"year":2008,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"There is controversy regarding the influence of the benign enlargement of the subarachnoid space on intracranial injuries in the field of the shaken baby syndrome. In the literature, several terminologies exists to define this entity illustrating the lack of unicity on this theme, and often what is \u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot;benign\u0026amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;quot; enlargement is mistaken with an old subdural bleeding or with abnormal enlargement due to brain pathology. This certainly led to mistaken conclusions. To investigate the influence of the benign enlargement of the subarachnoid space on child head injury and especially its influence on the bridging veins, we used a finite element model of a 6-month-old child head on which the size of the subarachnoid space was modified. Regarding the bridging veins strain, which is at the origin of the subdural bleeding when shaking an infant, our results show that the enlargement of the subarachnoid space has a damping effect which reduces the relative brain/skull displacement. Our numerical simulations suggest that the benign enlargement of the subarachnoid space may not be considered as a risk factor for subdural bleeding.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/12457960/Influence_of_the_benign_enlargement_of_the_subarachnoid_space_on_the_bridging_veins_strain_during_a_shaking_event_a_finite_element_study","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2015-05-19T00:52:17.355-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":31283622,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Influence_of_the_benign_enlargement_of_the_subarachnoid_space_on_the_bridging_veins_strain_during_a_shaking_event_a_finite_element_study","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":31283622,"first_name":"Bertrand","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Ludes","page_name":"BertrandLudes","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-05-19T00:51:41.209-07:00","display_name":"Bertrand Ludes","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BertrandLudes"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":21717,"name":"Forensic Pathology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forensic_Pathology"},{"id":23042,"name":"Finite Element","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finite_Element"},{"id":49273,"name":"Finite Element Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finite_Element_Analysis"},{"id":60658,"name":"Numerical Simulation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Numerical_Simulation"},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans"},{"id":64933,"name":"Child","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child"},{"id":91079,"name":"Child Abuse","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Child_Abuse"},{"id":124107,"name":"Subarachnoid space","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Subarachnoid_space"},{"id":192721,"name":"Risk factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_factors"},{"id":248653,"name":"Legal Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legal_Medicine"},{"id":368876,"name":"Head injury","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Head_injury"},{"id":386557,"name":"Finite Element Model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finite_Element_Model"},{"id":477118,"name":"Shaken Baby Syndrome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Shaken_Baby_Syndrome"},{"id":620049,"name":"Risk Factors","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Risk_Factors-1"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); 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In this context, the genetic characteristics of the Y chromosome (i.e. its paternal inheritance and lack of recombination) render STRs particularly powerful. However, genetic differences between male populations appear to be larger for Y-STRs than for autosomal STRs, a fact that is most likely due to the higher sensitivity of Y-chromosomal lineages to genetic drift (Forensic Sci Int 118 ). The assessment of probabilities for matches between haplotyped male persons or traces/ persons requires the typing of a large number of haplotypes in the appropriate reference populations. The haplotype data of a large number of European as well as South and North American populations have been collected and are continuously published online (Y-STR Haplotype Reference Database -YHRD; http://www.ystr.org). The most recent multicentric effort has led to the Legal Medicine 5 (2003) S160-S163 1344-6223/03/$ -see front matter q","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2003,"errors":{}},"grobid_abstract_attachment_id":46169322},"translated_abstract":null,"internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/12457959/Asian_online_Y_STR_Haplotype_Reference_Database","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2015-05-19T00:52:17.214-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":31283622,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":46169322,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/46169322/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Asian_online_Y-STR_Haplotype_Reference_D20160602-8704-vj52gv.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46169322/download_file?st=MTczMjUyMTcyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjUyMTcyNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Asian_online_Y_STR_Haplotype_Reference_D.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/46169322/Asian_online_Y-STR_Haplotype_Reference_D20160602-8704-vj52gv-libre.pdf?1464880774=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAsian_online_Y_STR_Haplotype_Reference_D.pdf\u0026Expires=1732525324\u0026Signature=HvDsDXv~db-rdTAxLYe~NAdOndjntbG3cNfbS6amjgZDhj-fPPJyyBufPQWUDKFwq21VmBAfpv6HEQZvdzfsU5VgDISj7E8VPi9Yy8-5-8TCCVFug6q~FF8ft38lRq9tMtP3cqKgZyFQC9wG-u06lHPfNMpYK~ZjaG13qOMOtPtzUunue9TuetMs0KAy4dWZynDq8vhKBfhWcS-wot4aTx91yxPfk8rSrOGWF1DF77S-F4Qk8w-2KGwFQ6AAQTUlszIsHgepwfZIK65UZuZeS9gEzb~GZYKiQIKU8YeJwOHQDqYkymchTK6LvOyEOHSr~7DIJm9sV0s8vLxc-~0dZA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Asian_online_Y_STR_Haplotype_Reference_Database","translated_slug":"","page_count":4,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":31283622,"first_name":"Bertrand","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Ludes","page_name":"BertrandLudes","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-05-19T00:51:41.209-07:00","display_name":"Bertrand Ludes","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BertrandLudes"},"attachments":[{"id":46169322,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/46169322/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"Asian_online_Y-STR_Haplotype_Reference_D20160602-8704-vj52gv.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46169322/download_file?st=MTczMjUyMTcyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjUyMTcyNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Asian_online_Y_STR_Haplotype_Reference_D.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/46169322/Asian_online_Y-STR_Haplotype_Reference_D20160602-8704-vj52gv-libre.pdf?1464880774=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DAsian_online_Y_STR_Haplotype_Reference_D.pdf\u0026Expires=1732525324\u0026Signature=HvDsDXv~db-rdTAxLYe~NAdOndjntbG3cNfbS6amjgZDhj-fPPJyyBufPQWUDKFwq21VmBAfpv6HEQZvdzfsU5VgDISj7E8VPi9Yy8-5-8TCCVFug6q~FF8ft38lRq9tMtP3cqKgZyFQC9wG-u06lHPfNMpYK~ZjaG13qOMOtPtzUunue9TuetMs0KAy4dWZynDq8vhKBfhWcS-wot4aTx91yxPfk8rSrOGWF1DF77S-F4Qk8w-2KGwFQ6AAQTUlszIsHgepwfZIK65UZuZeS9gEzb~GZYKiQIKU8YeJwOHQDqYkymchTK6LvOyEOHSr~7DIJm9sV0s8vLxc-~0dZA__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics"},{"id":4312,"name":"Genetic Drift","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_Drift"},{"id":4480,"name":"Population Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Population_Genetics"},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans"},{"id":86952,"name":"Haplotypes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Haplotypes"},{"id":110578,"name":"Asia","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asia"},{"id":134041,"name":"DNA fingerprinting","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DNA_fingerprinting"},{"id":165099,"name":"Y chromosome","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Y_chromosome"},{"id":244814,"name":"Clinical Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Clinical_Sciences"},{"id":248653,"name":"Legal Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legal_Medicine"},{"id":561987,"name":"Asian Continental Ancestry Group","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Asian_Continental_Ancestry_Group"},{"id":648834,"name":"North American","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/North_American"},{"id":741771,"name":"Short Tandem Repeat","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Short_Tandem_Repeat"},{"id":1191356,"name":"Internet","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Internet"},{"id":1232430,"name":"Genetic Markers","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_Markers"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="12457958"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/12457958/Testing_for_alpha_chloralose_by_headspace_GC_MS_A_case_report"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Testing for alpha-chloralose by headspace-GC/MS: A case report" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/12457958/Testing_for_alpha_chloralose_by_headspace_GC_MS_A_case_report">Testing for alpha-chloralose by headspace-GC/MS: A case report</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">A case is presented involving an acute fatality resulting from self-administered alpha-chloralose...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">A case is presented involving an acute fatality resulting from self-administered alpha-chloralose, a rodenticide. A 18-year-old man was found dead at home, with several stains of vomit on the carpet. An empty box of three bags of 5 g 100% alpha-chloralose (Corbeaux nuisibles, Rhône Poulenc) was found near the body. The compound was identified and quantified by headspace gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Alpha-chloralose was converted by concentrated sulphuric acid into chloral, a volatile compound, that was, after chromatography on a HP5-MS capillary column, identified by the following ions, m/z 82, 111 and 148. Peripheral blood concentration was 175.7 mg/l. Alpha-chloralose was quantified in several tissues, indicating kidney sequestration. No other drugs, including ethanol, were detected.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="12457958"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12457958"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12457958; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12457958]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12457958]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12457958; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='12457958']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12457958, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=12457958]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":12457958,"title":"Testing for alpha-chloralose by headspace-GC/MS: A case report","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"A case is presented involving an acute fatality resulting from self-administered alpha-chloralose, a rodenticide. A 18-year-old man was found dead at home, with several stains of vomit on the carpet. An empty box of three bags of 5 g 100% alpha-chloralose (Corbeaux nuisibles, Rhône Poulenc) was found near the body. The compound was identified and quantified by headspace gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Alpha-chloralose was converted by concentrated sulphuric acid into chloral, a volatile compound, that was, after chromatography on a HP5-MS capillary column, identified by the following ions, m/z 82, 111 and 148. Peripheral blood concentration was 175.7 mg/l. Alpha-chloralose was quantified in several tissues, indicating kidney sequestration. No other drugs, including ethanol, were detected.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":1999,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"A case is presented involving an acute fatality resulting from self-administered alpha-chloralose, a rodenticide. A 18-year-old man was found dead at home, with several stains of vomit on the carpet. An empty box of three bags of 5 g 100% alpha-chloralose (Corbeaux nuisibles, Rhône Poulenc) was found near the body. The compound was identified and quantified by headspace gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. Alpha-chloralose was converted by concentrated sulphuric acid into chloral, a volatile compound, that was, after chromatography on a HP5-MS capillary column, identified by the following ions, m/z 82, 111 and 148. Peripheral blood concentration was 175.7 mg/l. Alpha-chloralose was quantified in several tissues, indicating kidney sequestration. No other drugs, including ethanol, were detected.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/12457958/Testing_for_alpha_chloralose_by_headspace_GC_MS_A_case_report","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2015-05-19T00:52:17.066-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":31283622,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Testing_for_alpha_chloralose_by_headspace_GC_MS_A_case_report","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":31283622,"first_name":"Bertrand","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Ludes","page_name":"BertrandLudes","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-05-19T00:51:41.209-07:00","display_name":"Bertrand Ludes","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BertrandLudes"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":1588,"name":"Forensic Science","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forensic_Science"},{"id":13397,"name":"Forensic Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forensic_Medicine"},{"id":22506,"name":"Adolescent","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adolescent"},{"id":28235,"name":"Multidisciplinary","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Multidisciplinary"},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans"},{"id":111545,"name":"Male","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Male"},{"id":529560,"name":"Gas Chromatography/mass Spectrometry","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Gas_Chromatography_mass_Spectrometry"},{"id":575553,"name":"Rodenticides","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Rodenticides"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="12457957"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/12457957/Tracing_back_ancient_south_Siberian_population_history_using_mitochondrial_and_Y_chromosome_SNPs"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Tracing back ancient south Siberian population history using mitochondrial and Y-chromosome SNPs" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/46169300/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/12457957/Tracing_back_ancient_south_Siberian_population_history_using_mitochondrial_and_Y_chromosome_SNPs">Tracing back ancient south Siberian population history using mitochondrial and Y-chromosome SNPs</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Forensic Science International: Genetics Supplement Series</span><span>, 2008</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="ffd5e991bc7f53c2511f2a4c42d959ed" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":46169300,"asset_id":12457957,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46169300/download_file?st=MTczMjUyMTcyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjUyMTcyNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="12457957"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12457957"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12457957; 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From these works, it appeared that south Siberian populations are the reflect of the complex interactions that occurred at different times between Eastern and Western Eurasian people. According to paleoantropological and modern molecular data, European populations predominated in south Siberia during the Bronze age whereas Asian component began to increase from the Iron age. To test this hypothesis we determined the mitochondrial and Ychromosomal haplotypes and haplogroups of 29 ancient specimens from the Krasnoyarsk area (Southern Central Siberia) dating from the Bronze and Iron ages. The data obtained supported the hypothesis of the prevalence of Western Eurasian component in Southern Central Siberia in the Bronze age. 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Toxicol. Anal. 2004 ; 16(1) : 85-7) : rectificatif" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/12457956/Racine_de_Kava_dans_les_cheveux_dosage_de_la_kava%C3%AFne_par_CGSM_SM_Ann_Toxicol_Anal_2004_16_1_85_7_rectificatif">Racine de Kava dans les cheveux : dosage de la kavaïne par CGSM/SM (Ann. Toxicol. Anal. 2004 ; 16(1) : 85-7) : rectificatif</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Annales De Toxicologie Analytique</span><span>, 2004</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="12457956"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12457956"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12457956; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12457956]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12457956]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12457956; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='12457956']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12457956, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=12457956]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":12457956,"title":"Racine de Kava dans les cheveux : dosage de la kavaïne par CGSM/SM (Ann. 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In t...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Working with ancient DNA is an extremely useful approach in prehistoric population genetics. In this work we observed that all the samples already analysed belonged to haplogroup H of the mtDNA. Thus, we aimed to check the frequency of haplogroup H in samples from the Basque Country to assess the possibility of using it as a genetic marker of the</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="190511a103755e0749a0b8086275189c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":46169307,"asset_id":12457955,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46169307/download_file?st=MTczMjUyMTcyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjUyMTcyNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="12457955"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12457955"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12457955; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12457955]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12457955]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12457955; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='12457955']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12457955, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "190511a103755e0749a0b8086275189c" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=12457955]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":12457955,"title":"Haplogroup H in prehistoric osseous remains from the Basque Country as a genetic marker to study the resettlement of Europe","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Working with ancient DNA is an extremely useful approach in prehistoric population genetics. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="12457954"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/12457954/A_finite_element_model_investigation_of_gunshot_injury"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A finite element model investigation of gunshot injury" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/12457954/A_finite_element_model_investigation_of_gunshot_injury">A finite element model investigation of gunshot injury</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>International Journal of Legal Medicine</span><span>, 2007</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Multiple gunshot suicide can be a controversial subject mainly because of wrong opinions concerni...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Multiple gunshot suicide can be a controversial subject mainly because of wrong opinions concerning immediate incapacitation or alleged backwards hurling. For the last 20 years, experts in medicine and physics have tried to demonstrate what really happens during a gunshot wound. Different methods have been used to achieve this aim such as basic physics or the use of empirical evidence. In</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="12457954"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12457954"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12457954; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12457954]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12457954]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12457954; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='12457954']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12457954, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=12457954]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":12457954,"title":"A finite element model investigation of gunshot injury","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Multiple gunshot suicide can be a controversial subject mainly because of wrong opinions concerning immediate incapacitation or alleged backwards hurling. 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In","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/12457954/A_finite_element_model_investigation_of_gunshot_injury","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2015-05-19T00:52:16.366-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":31283622,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"A_finite_element_model_investigation_of_gunshot_injury","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":31283622,"first_name":"Bertrand","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Ludes","page_name":"BertrandLudes","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-05-19T00:51:41.209-07:00","display_name":"Bertrand Ludes","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BertrandLudes"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":8981,"name":"Suicide","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Suicide"},{"id":64568,"name":"Humans","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Humans"},{"id":73069,"name":"Legal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legal"},{"id":111545,"name":"Male","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Male"},{"id":248653,"name":"Legal Medicine","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Legal_Medicine"},{"id":382075,"name":"Adult","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Adult"},{"id":386557,"name":"Finite Element Model","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Finite_Element_Model"},{"id":393134,"name":"Empirical evidence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Empirical_evidence"},{"id":462466,"name":"Forensic Ballistics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Forensic_Ballistics"},{"id":1902100,"name":"Biomechanical Phenomena","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Biomechanical_Phenomena"}],"urls":[{"id":4786282,"url":"http://www.springerlink.com/content/p0p576811663lk48"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="12457953"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/12457953/Ricochet_of_a_Bullet_in_the_Spinal_Canal_A_Case_Report_and_Review_of_the_Literature_on_Bullet_Migration_RICOCHET_OF_A_BULLET_IN_THE_SPINAL_CANAL"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Ricochet of a Bullet in the Spinal Canal: A Case Report and Review of the Literature on Bullet Migration: RICOCHET OF A BULLET IN THE SPINAL CANAL" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/46169301/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/12457953/Ricochet_of_a_Bullet_in_the_Spinal_Canal_A_Case_Report_and_Review_of_the_Literature_on_Bullet_Migration_RICOCHET_OF_A_BULLET_IN_THE_SPINAL_CANAL">Ricochet of a Bullet in the Spinal Canal: A Case Report and Review of the Literature on Bullet Migration: RICOCHET OF A BULLET IN THE SPINAL CANAL</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Forensic Sciences</span><span>, 2010</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="5440e63b96caabadb8973aa5a41df949" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":46169301,"asset_id":12457953,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46169301/download_file?st=MTczMjUyMTcyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjUyMTcyNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="12457953"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12457953"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12457953; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12457953]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12457953]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12457953; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='12457953']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12457953, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="12457952"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/12457952/%C3%89pid%C3%A9miologie_de_larthrose_et_des_enth%C3%A9sopathies_dans_une_population_europ%C3%A9enne_dil_y_a_7_700_ans"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Épidémiologie de l'arthrose et des enthésopathies dans une population européenne d'il y a 7 700 ans" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/12457952/%C3%89pid%C3%A9miologie_de_larthrose_et_des_enth%C3%A9sopathies_dans_une_population_europ%C3%A9enne_dil_y_a_7_700_ans">Épidémiologie de l'arthrose et des enthésopathies dans une population européenne d'il y a 7 700 ans</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Revue du Rhumatisme</span><span>, 2002</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Objectives. To investigate the epidemiology of bone changes related to degenerative joint disease...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Objectives. To investigate the epidemiology of bone changes related to degenerative joint disease and enthesopathies in the earliest Neolithic population identified in Europe (dated back 7 700 years), to compare the findings with those in medieval and contemporary populations, and to draw etiological inferences. Methods. Examination of the skeletal remains of 119 individuals older than 20 years of age at death and buried in</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="12457952"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12457952"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12457952; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12457952]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12457952]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12457952; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='12457952']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12457952, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=12457952]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":12457952,"title":"Épidémiologie de l'arthrose et des enthésopathies dans une population européenne d'il y a 7 700 ans","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Objectives. To investigate the epidemiology of bone changes related to degenerative joint disease and enthesopathies in the earliest Neolithic population identified in Europe (dated back 7 700 years), to compare the findings with those in medieval and contemporary populations, and to draw etiological inferences. Methods. Examination of the skeletal remains of 119 individuals older than 20 years of age at death and buried in","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2002,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Revue du Rhumatisme"},"translated_abstract":"Objectives. To investigate the epidemiology of bone changes related to degenerative joint disease and enthesopathies in the earliest Neolithic population identified in Europe (dated back 7 700 years), to compare the findings with those in medieval and contemporary populations, and to draw etiological inferences. Methods. 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In order to investigate the history of Mongolian populations, we have analyzed the skeletal remains of 56 specimens excavated from the Egyin Gol necropolis located in northern Mongolia. This burial site is linked to the Xiongnu period, which extended from the 3rd</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="4b715f507b8698b9cc79b7df805aa806" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":46169320,"asset_id":12457951,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46169320/download_file?st=MTczMjUyMTcyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjUyMTcyNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="12457951"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12457951"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12457951; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12457951]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12457951]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12457951; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='12457951']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12457951, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "4b715f507b8698b9cc79b7df805aa806" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=12457951]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":12457951,"title":"Megaplex analysis of a Mongolian population from the Egyin Gol site (300 B.C.–300 A.D.)","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Genetic analysis of archaeological remains may provide information of prime importance to the understanding of human past history. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="12457950"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/12457950/Windows_of_detection_of_lorazepam_in_urine_oral_fluid_and_hair_with_a_special_focus_on_drug_facilitated_crimes"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Windows of detection of lorazepam in urine, oral fluid and hair, with a special focus on drug-facilitated crimes" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/46169316/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/12457950/Windows_of_detection_of_lorazepam_in_urine_oral_fluid_and_hair_with_a_special_focus_on_drug_facilitated_crimes">Windows of detection of lorazepam in urine, oral fluid and hair, with a special focus on drug-facilitated crimes</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Forensic Science International</span><span>, 2004</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The purported lowering of sex opposition, coupled with a possible abrupt unconsciousness-inducing...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The purported lowering of sex opposition, coupled with a possible abrupt unconsciousness-inducing effect and ease of administration in spiked drinks have resulted in the use of hypnotics in cases of drug-facilitated offense. Among these compounds, lorazepam possesses amnesic properties and can impair an individual rapidly.The chances to detect this substance increase if the most sensitive methods are used and if</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="dc5aec90016b5afbc98e83b8bc2900e4" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":46169316,"asset_id":12457950,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46169316/download_file?st=MTczMjUyMTcyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjUyMTcyNCw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="12457950"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12457950"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12457950; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12457950]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12457950]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12457950; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='12457950']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12457950, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "dc5aec90016b5afbc98e83b8bc2900e4" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=12457950]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":12457950,"title":"Windows of detection of lorazepam in urine, oral fluid and hair, with a special focus on drug-facilitated crimes","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The purported lowering of sex opposition, coupled with a possible abrupt unconsciousness-inducing effect and ease of administration in spiked drinks have resulted in the use of hypnotics in cases of drug-facilitated offense. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="12457949"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/12457949/GHB_dans_le_sang_post_mortem_Crit%C3%A8res_dinterpr%C3%A9tation"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of GHB dans le sang post-mortem. Critères d'interprétation" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/12457949/GHB_dans_le_sang_post_mortem_Crit%C3%A8res_dinterpr%C3%A9tation">GHB dans le sang post-mortem. Critères d'interprétation</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Annales de Toxicologie Analytique</span><span>, 2004</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">... concentrations Pascal KINTZ*, Marion VILLAIN, Carole JAMEY, Vincent ÓREMELE, ... GHB was test...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">... concentrations Pascal KINTZ*, Marion VILLAIN, Carole JAMEY, Vincent ÓREMELE, ... GHB was tested by GC/MS after precipitation. Briefly, 20 pL blood, bile, or vitreous humor were pipetted in a glass tube, followed by 20 pi GHB-d6 and 45 pL acétonitrile. ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="12457949"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12457949"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12457949; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12457949]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12457949]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12457949; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='12457949']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12457949, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=12457949]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":12457949,"title":"GHB dans le sang post-mortem. 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Eight haplotypes were found among the 13 ancient horse samples tested. Phylogenetical analysis showed that these ancient horse&amp;#39;s sequences, along with two Yakut ones, were distributed throughout the tree defined by modern horses&amp;#39; sequences and are closely related to them. No clear geographical affiliation of the specimens studied was thus determined. Our work, among others, supports the very ancient origin of the matrilines in horses.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="12457948"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12457948"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12457948; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12457948]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12457948]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12457948; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='12457948']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12457948, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=12457948]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":12457948,"title":"Mitochondrial DNA analysis of horses recovered from a frozen tomb (Berel site, Kazakhstan, 3rd Century BC)","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Sequence polymorphism of the mitochondrial DNA D-loop was used to determine the genetic diversity of horses recovered from a Scythian princely tomb dating from the beginning of the 3rd century BC. Eight haplotypes were found among the 13 ancient horse samples tested. Phylogenetical analysis showed that these ancient horse\u0026amp;#39;s sequences, along with two Yakut ones, were distributed throughout the tree defined by modern horses\u0026amp;#39; sequences and are closely related to them. No clear geographical affiliation of the specimens studied was thus determined. Our work, among others, supports the very ancient origin of the matrilines in horses.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2005,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Animal Genetics"},"translated_abstract":"Sequence polymorphism of the mitochondrial DNA D-loop was used to determine the genetic diversity of horses recovered from a Scythian princely tomb dating from the beginning of the 3rd century BC. Eight haplotypes were found among the 13 ancient horse samples tested. Phylogenetical analysis showed that these ancient horse\u0026amp;#39;s sequences, along with two Yakut ones, were distributed throughout the tree defined by modern horses\u0026amp;#39; sequences and are closely related to them. No clear geographical affiliation of the specimens studied was thus determined. Our work, among others, supports the very ancient origin of the matrilines in horses.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/12457948/Mitochondrial_DNA_analysis_of_horses_recovered_from_a_frozen_tomb_Berel_site_Kazakhstan_3rd_Century_BC_","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2015-05-19T00:52:15.348-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":31283622,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[],"slug":"Mitochondrial_DNA_analysis_of_horses_recovered_from_a_frozen_tomb_Berel_site_Kazakhstan_3rd_Century_BC_","translated_slug":"","page_count":null,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":31283622,"first_name":"Bertrand","middle_initials":null,"last_name":"Ludes","page_name":"BertrandLudes","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-05-19T00:51:41.209-07:00","display_name":"Bertrand Ludes","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/BertrandLudes"},"attachments":[],"research_interests":[{"id":156,"name":"Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetics"},{"id":173,"name":"Zoology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Zoology"},{"id":261,"name":"Geography","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geography"},{"id":4233,"name":"Computational Biology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Computational_Biology"},{"id":54433,"name":"Phylogeny","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Phylogeny"},{"id":63093,"name":"Mitochondrial DNA","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mitochondrial_DNA"},{"id":63555,"name":"Animal Genetics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal_Genetics"},{"id":67484,"name":"Sequence alignment","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Sequence_alignment"},{"id":77459,"name":"Animal","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animal"},{"id":85585,"name":"Kazakhstan","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Kazakhstan"},{"id":86952,"name":"Haplotypes","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Haplotypes"},{"id":90326,"name":"Fossils","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Fossils"},{"id":99234,"name":"Animals","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Animals"},{"id":131237,"name":"Cluster Analysis","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Cluster_Analysis"},{"id":168196,"name":"Horses","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Horses"},{"id":577933,"name":"Genetic variation","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Genetic_variation"},{"id":644860,"name":"Veterinary Sciences","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Veterinary_Sciences"},{"id":809882,"name":"Base Sequence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Base_Sequence"},{"id":1029221,"name":"Freezing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Freezing"},{"id":2467566,"name":"Molecular Sequence Data","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Molecular_Sequence_Data"}],"urls":[{"id":4786278,"url":"http://blackwell-synergy.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1365-2052.2005.01316.x"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="12457947"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/12457947/Molecular_Identification_of_Bacteria_by_Total_Sequence_Screening_Determining_the_Cause_of_Death_in_Ancient_Human_Subjects"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Molecular Identification of Bacteria by Total Sequence Screening: Determining the Cause of Death in Ancient Human Subjects" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/46169350/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/12457947/Molecular_Identification_of_Bacteria_by_Total_Sequence_Screening_Determining_the_Cause_of_Death_in_Ancient_Human_Subjects">Molecular Identification of Bacteria by Total Sequence Screening: Determining the Cause of Death in Ancient Human Subjects</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>PLOS One</span><span>, 2011</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Research of ancient pathogens in ancient human skeletons has been mainly carried out on the basis...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Research of ancient pathogens in ancient human skeletons has been mainly carried out on the basis of one essential historical or archaeological observation, permitting specific pathogens to be targeted. Detection of ancient human pathogens without such evidence is more difficult, since the quantity and quality of ancient DNA, as well as the environmental bacteria potentially present in the sample, limit</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="4e17f148382c0091b1d8d0daab027e7f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":46169350,"asset_id":12457947,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46169350/download_file?st=MTczMjUyMTcyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjUyMTcyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="12457947"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12457947"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12457947; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12457947]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12457947]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12457947; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='12457947']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12457947, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "4e17f148382c0091b1d8d0daab027e7f" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=12457947]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":12457947,"title":"Molecular Identification of Bacteria by Total Sequence Screening: Determining the Cause of Death in Ancient Human Subjects","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Research of ancient pathogens in ancient human skeletons has been mainly carried out on the basis of one essential historical or archaeological observation, permitting specific pathogens to be targeted. 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Subjects","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Human_Subjects"},{"id":1029221,"name":"Freezing","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Freezing"},{"id":1256683,"name":"Bone and Bones","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Bone_and_Bones"},{"id":2274872,"name":"DNA sequence","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/DNA_sequence"}],"urls":[{"id":4786277,"url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0021733"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="12457946"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/12457946/Increasing_the_discrimination_power_of_forensic_STR_testing_by_employing_high_performance_mass_spectrometry_as_illustrated_in_indigenous_South_African_and_Central_Asian_populations"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Increasing the discrimination power of forensic STR testing by employing high-performance mass spectrometry, as illustrated in indigenous South African and Central Asian populations" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/46169344/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/12457946/Increasing_the_discrimination_power_of_forensic_STR_testing_by_employing_high_performance_mass_spectrometry_as_illustrated_in_indigenous_South_African_and_Central_Asian_populations">Increasing the discrimination power of forensic STR testing by employing high-performance mass spectrometry, as illustrated in indigenous South African and Central Asian populations</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>International Journal of Legal Medicine</span><span>, 2010</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Short tandem repeat (STR) typing has become the standard technique in forensic methodology for th...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Short tandem repeat (STR) typing has become the standard technique in forensic methodology for the identification of unknown samples. National DNA databases have been established that contain STR genotypes for intelligence purposes. Due to their success, national DNA databases have been growing so fast that the number of advantageous matches may become a logistic problem for the analysts. This is</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="a19c4e902fd93dc70c13e22e88a166c2" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":46169344,"asset_id":12457946,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/46169344/download_file?st=MTczMjUyMTcyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&st=MTczMjUyMTcyNSw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="12457946"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="12457946"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12457946; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12457946]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=12457946]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 12457946; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='12457946']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 12457946, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "a19c4e902fd93dc70c13e22e88a166c2" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=12457946]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":12457946,"title":"Increasing the discrimination power of forensic STR testing by employing high-performance mass spectrometry, as illustrated in indigenous South African and Central Asian populations","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Short tandem repeat (STR) typing has become the standard technique in forensic methodology for the identification of unknown samples. 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