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class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Cuprins</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mută în bara laterală</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ascunde</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Început</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Aspecte_terminologice" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aspecte_terminologice"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Aspecte terminologice</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aspecte_terminologice-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legile_din_Torá" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legile_din_Torá"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Legile din Torá</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legile_din_Torá-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Categoriile_legale" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Categoriile_legale"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Categoriile legale</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Categoriile_legale-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legături_externe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legături_externe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Legături externe</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legături_externe-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Legături externe subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Legături_externe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Responsa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Responsa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Responsa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Responsa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Resurse_pentru_studiu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Resurse_pentru_studiu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Resurse pentru studiu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Resurse_pentru_studiu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Cuprins" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Comută cuprinsul" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Comută cuprinsul</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Halaha</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mergeți la un articol în altă limbă. Disponibil în 51 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-51" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">51 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halacha" title="Halacha – germană (Elveția)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Halacha" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="germană (Elveția)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%87" title="هالاخاه – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هالاخاه" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%87" title="هالاخاه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هالاخاه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halaxa" title="Halaxa – azeră" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Halaxa" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halacha" title="Halacha – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Halacha" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0" title="Халаха – bulgară" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Халаха" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halac%27ha" title="Halac'ha – bretonă" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Halac'ha" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halac%C3%A0" title="Halacà – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Halacà" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halakha" title="Halakha – cebuană" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Halakha" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halacha" title="Halacha – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Halacha" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halakha" title="Halakha – daneză" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Halakha" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halacha" title="Halacha – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Halacha" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%AC%CF%87%CE%B1" title="Χαλάχα – greacă" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χαλάχα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halakha" title="Halakha – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Halakha" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hala%C4%A5o" title="Halaĥo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Halaĥo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halaj%C3%A1" title="Halajá – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Halajá" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halakha" title="Halakha – bască" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Halakha" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bască" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%A7" title="هلاخا – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هلاخا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halakha" title="Halakha – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Halakha" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halakha" title="Halakha – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Halakha" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%94" title="הלכה – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הלכה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B9%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%96%E0%A4%BE" title="हलाखा – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="हलाखा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A1l%C3%A1ch%C3%A1" title="Háláchá – maghiară" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Háláchá" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maghiară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halakha" title="Halakha – indoneziană" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Halakha" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halakhah" title="Halakhah – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Halakhah" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8F%E3%83%BC" title="ハラーハー – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハラーハー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%95%A0%EB%9D%BC%EC%B9%B4" title="할라카 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="할라카" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaha" title="Alaha – ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Alaha" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halacha" title="Halacha – lituaniană" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Halacha" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halaha" title="Halaha – letonă" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Halaha" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halak%C3%A0" title="Halakà – malgașă" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Halakà" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="malgașă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halakhah" title="Halakhah – malaeză" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Halakhah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halacha" title="Halacha – germana de jos" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Halacha" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="germana de jos" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halacha" title="Halacha – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Halacha" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halakh%C3%A1" title="Halakhá – norvegiană nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Halakhá" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegiană nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halakh%C3%A1" title="Halakhá – norvegiană bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Halakhá" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegiană bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halacha" title="Halacha – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Halacha" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%A7" title="ہالاخا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ہالاخا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halac%C3%A1" title="Halacá – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Halacá" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0" title="Галаха – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Галаха" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halaha" title="Halaha – sârbo-croată" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Halaha" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="sârbo-croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halakha" title="Halakha – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Halakha" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0" title="Халаха – sârbă" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Халаха" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sârbă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halacha" title="Halacha – suedeză" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Halacha" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halakha" title="Halakha – tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Halakha" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halaha" title="Halaha – turcă" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Halaha" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%85%D0%B0" title="Галаха – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Галаха" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%81%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AE%D8%A7%DB%81" title="ہلاخاہ – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ہلاخاہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halakha" title="Halakha – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Halakha" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%94" title="הלכה – idiș" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="הלכה" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="idiș" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%88%E6%8B%89%E5%8D%A1" 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href="/wiki/Special:Ce_se_leag%C4%83_aici/Halaha" title="Lista tuturor paginilor wiki care conduc spre această pagină [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Ce trimite aici</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Modific%C4%83ri_corelate/Halaha" rel="nofollow" title="Schimbări recente în legătură cu această pagină [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Schimbări corelate</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Trimite_fi%C8%99ier" title="Încărcare fișiere [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Trimite fișier</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Pagini_speciale" title="Lista tuturor paginilor speciale [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pagini speciale</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halaha&oldid=16387073" title="Legătură permanentă către această versiune a acestei pagini"><span>Legătură permanentă</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a 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class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Carte&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Halaha"><span>Creare carte</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Halaha&action=show-download-screen"><span>Descărcare ca PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halaha&printable=yes" title="Versiunea de tipărit a acestei pagini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versiune de tipărit</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> În alte proiecte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Halakhah" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q107427" title="Legătură către elementul asociat din depozitul de date [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Element Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspect"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16501920">.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0px 10%;border:1px solid #aaa;border-left:10px solid #1e90ff;background:#fbfbfb}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-notice{border-left:10px solid #1e90ff}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b22222;background:#fee}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b22222}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #f4c430}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output table.ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #bba}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ambox-notice{border-left:10px solid #000f1e!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{background-color:#202122!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-notice{border-left:10px solid #000f1e!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{background-color:#310402!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #070101!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #261500!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #544004!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #1e0a28!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #bba!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-notice,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-delete,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-content,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-style,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-move,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{background-color:#202122!important}}</style><table class="metadata plainlinks ambox ambox ambox-style ambox-style" style=""> <tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width: 52px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/50px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/75px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg/100px-Text_document_with_red_question_mark.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text" style=""><span class="mbox-text-span">Deși acest articol conține o listă de referințe bibliografice, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verificabilitate" title="Wikipedia:Verificabilitate">sursele</a> sale rămân neclare deoarece îi lipsesc <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citarea_surselor#.E2.80.9ENote.E2.80.9D" title="Wikipedia:Citarea surselor">notele de subsol</a>.<br /> Puteți ajuta introducând <a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Note" title="Ajutor:Note">citări mai precise</a> ale surselor.<span class="hide-when-compact"> </span><span class="hide-when-compact"> </span></span></td></tr></tbody></table><p><b>Halahá</b> (ebraică: הלכה) -Halachá în pronunția sefardă și ebraică modernă, transliterat Halócho după pronunția tradițională așkenazită - este un corpus de legi religioase evreiești, inclusiv legea (dreptul) biblică (<a href="/wiki/613_porunci" title="613 porunci">613 porunci</a>), legea <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">talmudică</a> și rabinică, precum tradițiile și obiceiurile ce țin de <a href="/wiki/Iudaism" title="Iudaism">iudaism</a>. Iudaismul clasic nu face nici o distincție în legile sale dintre viața religioasă și ne-religioasă. Prin urmare, Halaha este nu numai un ghid de practici și credințe religioase, dar atinge numeroase aspecte ale vieții de toate zilele. </p><p>Termenul Halahá este adesea tradus ca "Legea iudaică". Cuvântul este derivat din verbul ebraic „halah” = "a merge". </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Shulchan_Aruch.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Shulchan_Aruch.jpg/300px-Shulchan_Aruch.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="526" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Shulchan_Aruch.jpg/450px-Shulchan_Aruch.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Shulchan_Aruch.jpg/600px-Shulchan_Aruch.jpg 2x" data-file-width="607" data-file-height="1065" /></a><figcaption>Pagina de titlu pentru Şulhan Aruh de Iosef Karo, tipărită în Veneţia în 1574</figcaption></figure> <p>Halahá a servit pentru multe comunități evreiești drept sursa aplicativă de drept civil și religios. În epoca modernă, evreii sunt legați de Halahá numai prin consimțământul lor voluntar. Potrivit legii israeliene contemporane anumite aspecte ale vieții civile sunt guvernate de legea rabinică și interpretări ale codului Halaha. Diversitatea comunităților evreiești (așkenazi, sefarzi,"orientali" sau iemeniți) duce la abordări diferite ale legilor halahice. Dezacordurile asupra legislației Halahá în rândurile evreilor așkenazi și sefarzi, și asupra modului în care evreii ar trebui să continue să urmeze Halaha, au jucat un rol esențial în apariția curentelor iudaice reformiste: reformat, conservativ, și reconstrucționist. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Aspecte_terminologice">Aspecte terminologice</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halaha&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Aspecte terminologice" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halaha&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Aspecte terminologice"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Termenul Halahá este derivat din verbul ebraic halakh הלך, ceea ce înseamnă "a merge". Prin urmare, o traducere literală nu conține explicit ideea de "lege", ci, mai degrabă "calea de mers". Termenul Halahá poate să se refere la o singură lege, sau la un corpus rabinic de texte juridice, sau la sistemul, în general, a dreptului religios iudaic. Rădăcina cuvîntului ar putea fi înrudită cu termenul akkadian „ilku” - o taxă antică pe proprietate, tradus în <a href="/wiki/Aramaic%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Aramaică">aramaică</a> prin „halakh” desemnând una sau mai multe obligațiuni. Rădăcina proto-semitică reconstruită „halakh” însemnând „a merge” a avut descendenți și în <a href="/wiki/Akkadian%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Akkadiană">akkadiană</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arab%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabă">arabă</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aramaic%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Aramaică">aramaică</a> și <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ugaritic%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ugaritică — pagină inexistentă">ugaritică</a>. </p><p>Halahá este adesea opusă textelor denumite <a href="/wiki/Agada" title="Agada">Agadá</a>, care reprezintă o colecție de literatură rabinică, exegetică, narativă, mistică, filosofică, dar fără caracter "juridic". În același timp, autorii de literatură halahică fac referințe la <a href="/wiki/Agada" title="Agada">Agada</a> și la literatura mistică, astfel încât există o legătură dinamică dintre aceste genuri. </p><p>Halahá constituie aplicarea practică a celor <a href="/wiki/613_porunci" title="613 porunci">613 mițvot</a> ("porunci", singular: mițva) în <a href="/wiki/Tora" title="Tora">Tora</a>, (cele cinci cărți ale lui <a href="/wiki/Moise" title="Moise">Moise</a>, a "Legii scrise"), după cum ulterior este dezvoltată prin discuții și dezbateri în literatura rabinică clasică, în special în <a href="/wiki/Mi%C8%99na" title="Mișna">Mișna</a> și <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a> ("Legea orală"), și codificată în <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mi%C8%99n%C3%A9_Tor%C3%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mișné Torá — pagină inexistentă">Mișné Torá</a> sau <a href="/w/index.php?title=%C8%98ulhan_Aruh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Șulhan Aruh — pagină inexistentă">Șulhan Aruh</a> ("Codul de drept" evreiesc.) </p><p>Halahá este un ghid pentru toate aspectele legate de viața umană, atât fizice, cît și spirituale. Legile, instrucțiunile și opiniile expuse in Halaha acoperă o mare varietate de situații și principii, în încercarea de a realiza ceea ce este implicit în porunca biblică „fii sfânt, cum eu <a href="/wiki/Dumnezeu" title="Dumnezeu">Dumnezeul</a> tău, sunt sfânt”. Acestea se referă la calea cea mai bună de a trăi, și la modalitatea de a alege, atunci când poruncile par să se contrazică: cum se poate alege un mod corect de a realiza ceea ce este implicit, dar care nu declarat în mod explicit în Biblie, și ceea ce a fost dedus din implicare, deși nu este limpede la suprafață. </p><p>Deoarece Halahá s-a dezvoltat și a fost aplicată de diferite autorități halahice, mai des decît de o instituție centrală, au apărut diferite răspunsuri la aceleași întrebări, propuse de reprezentanții celor mai diverse comunități. Majoritatea diferențelor nu au fost rezolvate pentru motivul că evreii au trăit în exil și nu au avut o ierarhie judiciară centralizată. Evreii observanți ai religiei deveneau cel mai adesea discipolii unui rabin sau se afiliau unei comunități bine structurate. </p><p>Halahá s-a dezvoltat începând din secolul al V-lea (e.n), producând în mod continuu texte religioase și comentarii, care ulterior au fost consolidate în <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a>. În primul rând, ea formează un corp de opinii judiciare, legislație, obiceiuri, precum și recomandări, multe dintre ele transmise peste secole către generațiile succesive, din momentul în care un copil începea să vorbească. Este, de asemenea, obiectul de studiu intens în școlile religioase superioare de tip <a href="/wiki/Ie%C8%99iva" title="Ieșiva">ieșiva</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legile_din_Torá"><span id="Legile_din_Tor.C3.A1"></span>Legile din Torá</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halaha&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifică secțiunea: Legile din Torá" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halaha&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Legile din Torá"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>În general, Halahá cuprinde aplicarea practică a poruncilor (fiecare dintre ele cunoscută ca o mițvá מצוה) din Torá in sensul larg, și cum au fost dezvoltate în literatura rabinică ulterioară. </p><p>Potrivit Talmudului (tratatul Makot), există 613 mitzvot ( "porunci") în <a href="/wiki/Tora" title="Tora">Tora</a>, în <a href="/wiki/Ebraic%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Ebraică">ebraică</a> acestea sunt cunoscute sub numele de Taryag mitzvot תרי"ג מצוות. Sunt definite 248 de porunci pozitive și 365 porunci negative, completate cu încă șapte mițvot legiferate de rabinii din antichitate. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Categoriile_legale">Categoriile legale</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halaha&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifică secțiunea: Categoriile legale" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halaha&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Categoriile legale"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Mishnah_Torah.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Mishnah_Torah.jpg/300px-Mishnah_Torah.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="466" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/Mishnah_Torah.jpg/450px-Mishnah_Torah.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f0/Mishnah_Torah.jpg 2x" data-file-width="591" data-file-height="919" /></a><figcaption>Pagina de titlu pentru Mişne Tora de Moshe ben Maimon haRambam, tipărită în Veneţia în 1575</figcaption></figure> <p>Legile evreiești pot fi clasificate în diverse moduri. In afară de categoriile de bază - mițvot (porunci) din antichitate, în perioada medievală legea evreiască a fost detailată în cărțile"<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mi%C8%99ne_Tora&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mișne Tora — pagină inexistentă">Mișne Tora</a>" de Maimonide și în codul "<a href="/w/index.php?title=%C8%98ulhan_Aruh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Șulhan Aruh — pagină inexistentă">Șulhan Aruh</a>" al lui Yosef Karo. </p><p>Iudaismul rabinic clasic distinge două categorii de legi: </p> <ul><li>Legile revelate de Dumnezeu poporului evreu la muntele <a href="/wiki/Sinai" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinai">Sinai</a> (de exemplu, <a href="/wiki/Tora" title="Tora">Tora</a> scrisă, (Pentateuh) ;</li> <li>Legile considerate a fi de origine umană, dar inspirate de divinitate, inclusiv decretele rabinice, interpretări, tradiții etc</li></ul> <p>Această divizare dintre <b>poruncile revelate</b> (în limba aramaică <b>DeOraita</b> - din Tora) și cele <b>rabinice</b> (în limba aramaică DeRabanan) pot influența importanța regulei, aplicarea acesteia și interpretarea ulterioară. </p><p>Autoritățile halahice pot avea diferite opinii cu privire la care legi se încadrează în care categorie sau circumstanțele (dacă este cazul) în care, hotărârile rabinilor precedenți pot fi re-analizate de către rabinii contemporani. </p><p>Unanim toți evrei religioși susțin faptul că ambele categorii există și că prima categorie este invariabilă, cu excepția situației în care prevalează salvarea unei vieți sau alte împrejurări de urgență similare. </p><p>O a doua distincție clasică este dintre Tora scrisă (legile scrise în Biblie ebraică, în mod specific la primele cinci cărți), precum și Legea orală, legile transmise pe cale orală, înainte de compilare lor în texte, cum ar fi <a href="/wiki/Mi%C8%99na" title="Mișna">Mișna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a>, și Coduri rabinice. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legături_externe"><span id="Leg.C4.83turi_externe"></span>Legături externe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halaha&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifică secțiunea: Legături externe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halaha&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Legături externe"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aish.com/societyWork/sciencenature/Why_Jewish_Medical_Ethics.asp">An introduction to the system of Jewish Law</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090304152502/http://www.aish.com/societyWork/sciencenature/Why_Jewish_Medical_Ethics.asp">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2009-03-04">4 martie 2009</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., aish.com</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=35&letter=T">Talmudic Law</a>, jewishencyclopedia.com</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=107&letter=L">Law, Codification of</a>, jewishencyclopedia.com</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aish.com/literacy/concepts/The_Rules_of_Halacha.asp">The Rules of Halacha</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140423112621/http://www.aish.com/literacy/concepts/The_Rules_of_Halacha.asp">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2014-04-23">23 aprilie 2014</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., Rabbi Aryeh Kaplan</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://shamash.org/lists/scj-faq/HTML/faq/04-index.html">FAQ on halakha and Jewish law</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051126181958/http://shamash.org/lists/scj-faq/HTML/faq/04-index.html">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2005-11-26">26 noiembrie 2005</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., shamash.org</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewfaq.org/halakhah.htm">Halakhah article</a>, jewfaq.org</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.faqs.org/faqs/judaism/FAQ/03-Torah-Halacha/section-52.html">FAQ on the different rabbinic eras</a>, faqs.org</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hsf.bgu.ac.il/cjt/files/electures/gloss.htm#Halakhah">Entry on Halakhah</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051126224709/http://hsf.bgu.ac.il/cjt/files/electures/gloss.htm#Halakhah">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2005-11-26">26 noiembrie 2005</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., Goldstein-Goren International Center for Jewish Thought</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://torahforme.com/">Intro to Halacha: Classes on Understanding the Halachic Process and Basic Halacha Classes</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yeshiva.org.il/midrash/Hmidrash.asp?cat=149">Pniney Halakha-פניני הלכה in Hebrew</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.jlaw.com">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081216015705/http://www.jlaw.com/">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2008-12-16">16 decembrie 2008</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Jewish Law</li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tpeople.co.il/leibowitz/leibarticles.asp?id=81">Religious Praxis: The Meaning of Halakhah</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120112044939/http://tpeople.co.il/leibowitz/leibarticles.asp?id=81">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2012-01-12">12 ianuarie 2012</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., Yeshayahu Leibowitz</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.torahweb.org/torah/special/2003/rsch_masorah.html">On the Matter of Masorah</a>, Rabbi Hershel Schachter</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.beingjewish.com/mesorah/notchaotic.html">The Oral Law and Our Own Opinions</a>, Mordechai Housman</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Judaism/muslim_rabbis.html">Great Rabbis of the Muslim Empire</a>, Dr. Ezra Chwat</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.yasharbooks.com/freedom%20to%20interpret.pdf">Freedom to Interpret</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090922044519/http://www.yasharbooks.com/freedom%20to%20interpret.pdf">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2009-09-22">22 septembrie 2009</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., Rabbi Aryeh Carmell (Modern Orthodox View)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jlaw.com/Articles/">Jewish Law Articles: "Examining Halacha, Jewish Issues and Secular Law"</a>, jlaw.com</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.daat.ac.il/daat/english/journal/broyde-wagner-1.htm">Orthodox Responses to Sociological and Technological Change</a>, Journal of Halacha & Contemporary Society</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.law.harvard.edu/programs/Gruss/katz.html">Da'at Torah — The Unqualified Authority Claimed for Halachists</a>, Prof. Jacob Katz</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nishmat.net/article.php?id=180&heading=0">Authority and Autonomy in Pesikat HaHalacha</a>, Rabbi Zvi Leshem</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mechon-mamre.org/i/0.htm"><i>Mishneh Torah</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201127012839/http://www.mechon-mamre.org/i/0.htm">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2020-11-27">27 noiembrie 2020</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. (ebraică)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kitzur.net/main.php?siman=1"><i>Kitzur Shulchan Aruch</i></a> (ebraică)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shechem.org/torah/benishhi/index.html"><i>Ben Ish Chai</i></a> (ebraică)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mishnaberura.com/"><i>Mishna Berura</i></a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Responsa">Responsa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halaha&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifică secțiunea: Responsa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Halaha&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Responsa"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.halachabrura.org/alephlink.htm#שות">Index of Orthodox Responsa</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rabbinicalassembly.org/law/teshuvot_public.html">Rabbinical Assembly Committee on Jewish Law and Standards (American Conservative)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.responsafortoday.com/eng_index.html">Rabbinical Assembly Vaad Halakha (Israeli Masorti)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.ccarnet.org/resp/tindex.html">Topical index of non-binding Reform responsa</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080210063829/http://data.ccarnet.org/resp/tindex.html">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2008-02-10">10 februarie 2008</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Resurse_pentru_studiu">Resurse pentru studiu</h3><span 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text" href="http://www.chabad.org/library/article.asp?AID=262763">Laws and customs: daily, shabbat and festivals</a>, chabad.org</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ravkaplan.dafyomireview.com/">MP3 Halacha Shiurim by Rav Nissan Kaplan of Mir Yeshiva, Jerusalem</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150208081233/http://ravkaplan.dafyomireview.com/">Arhivat</a> în <time datetime="2015-02-08">8 februarie 2015</time>, la <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" class="mw-redirect" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <table class="navbox" cellspacing="0" style=""> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:2px;"> <table cellspacing="0" class="nowraplinks collapsible autocollapse" style="width:100%;background:transparent;color:inherit;;"> <tbody><tr> <th style=";" colspan="3" class="navbox-title"><div style="float:left; width:6em;text-align:left;"><div class="noprint plainlinks" style="padding:0; font-size:xx-small; color:var(--color-base, #000); white-space:nowrap; ;"><span style=";;border:none;"><a href="/wiki/Format:Iudaism" title="Format:Iudaism"><span title="Vizualizare format" style=";;border:none;;">v</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Discu%C8%9Bie_Format:Iudaism" title="Discuție Format:Iudaism"><span title="Discuție format" style=";;border:none;;">d</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Format:Iudaism&action=edit"><span title="Acest format se poate modifica. Folosiți butonul de previzualizare înainte de a salva." style=";;border:none;;">m</span></a></span></div></div><span class="" style="font-size: 110%;"><a href="/wiki/Iudaism" title="Iudaism">Iudaism</a></span> </th></tr> <tr style="height:2px;"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Denominații </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"> <div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Schisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schisme — pagină inexistentă">Schisme</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Karai%C8%9Bi" class="mw-redirect" title="Karaiți">Karaiți</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Iudaismul_ortodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Iudaismul ortodox">Iudaism ortodox</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iudaism_reformat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iudaism reformat — pagină inexistentă">Iudaism reformat</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Iudaism_conservativ&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Iudaism conservativ — pagină inexistentă">Iudaism conservativ</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Hasidism" title="Hasidism">Hasidism</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Evrei_a%C8%99kenazi" title="Evrei așkenazi">Rit așkenaz</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Evrei_sefarzi" title="Evrei sefarzi">Rit sefard</a></div> </td> <td class="navbox-image" style="width:0%;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px;" rowspan="15"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Star_of_David_3.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Steaua lui David"><img alt="Steaua lui David" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Star_of_David_3.svg/75px-Star_of_David_3.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Star_of_David_3.svg/113px-Star_of_David_3.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Star_of_David_3.svg/150px-Star_of_David_3.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Scrieri </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Biblia_ebraic%C4%83" title="Biblia ebraică">Biblia ebraică</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Tora" title="Tora">Tora</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Mi%C8%99na" title="Mișna">Mișna</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Ghemara" title="Ghemara">Ghemara</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chumash&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chumash — pagină inexistentă">Chumash</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Midra%C8%99" title="Midraș">Midraș</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mishnah_Berurah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mishnah Berurah — pagină inexistentă">Mishnah Berurah</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Tosefta" title="Tosefta">Tosefta</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Halaha</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Agada" title="Agada">Agada</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shulchan_Aruch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shulchan Aruch — pagină inexistentă">Shulchan Aruch</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Siddur" title="Siddur">Siddur</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Tosefta" title="Tosefta">Tosefta</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Zohar" title="Zohar">Zohar</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Geonim" title="Geonim">Geonim</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Adepți </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Evrei" title="Evrei">Evrei</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Regatul_Iuda" title="Regatul Iuda">Regatul Iuda</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Regatul_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Regatul Israel">Regatul Israel</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Hazar" class="mw-redirect" title="Hazar">Hazar</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Instituții și funcții religioase </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Sinagog%C4%83" title="Sinagogă">Sinagogă</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Rabin" title="Rabin">Rabin</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Rebbe" title="Rebbe">Rebbe</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Posek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Posek — pagină inexistentă">Posek</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hazzan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hazzan — pagină inexistentă">Hazzan</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Preot" title="Preot">Kohen/Preot</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mashgiah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mashgiah — pagină inexistentă">Mashgiah</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gabbai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gabbai — pagină inexistentă">Gabbai</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Maggid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maggid — pagină inexistentă">Maggid</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Mohel" title="Mohel">Mohel</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Beth_din&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beth din — pagină inexistentă">Beth din</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rosh_yeshiva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rosh yeshiva — pagină inexistentă">Rosh yeshiva</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Ritual </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Circumcizia" class="mw-redirect" title="Circumcizia">Circumcizia</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/613_porunci" title="613 porunci">613 porunci</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Rug%C4%83ciuni" class="mw-redirect" title="Rugăciuni">Rugăciuni</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Calendarul ebraic<br />și sărbători </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-even"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Purim" title="Purim">Purim</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Pesah" title="Pesah">Pesah</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%C8%98avuot" title="Șavuot">Șavuot</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Ro%C8%99_Ha%C8%99ana" title="Roș Hașana">Roș Hașana</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Iom_Kipur" title="Iom Kipur">Iom Kipur</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Hanuka" title="Hanuka">Hanuka</a>· <a href="/wiki/Nisan" title="Nisan">Nisan</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Iyar" title="Iyar">Iyar</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Sivan" title="Sivan">Sivan</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Tammuz" class="mw-redirect" title="Tammuz">Tammuz</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Av" title="Av">Av</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Elul" title="Elul">Elul</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Ti%C8%99rei" title="Tișrei">Tișrei</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/He%C8%99van" title="Heșvan">Heșvan</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Kislev" title="Kislev">Kislev</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Tevet" title="Tevet">Tevet</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/%C8%98evat" class="mw-redirect" title="Șevat">Șevat</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Adar" title="Adar">Adar</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Altele </td> <td style="text-align:left;border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;width:100%;padding:0px;;;" class="navbox-list navbox-odd"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <a href="/wiki/Lista_sinagogilor_din_Rom%C3%A2nia" title="Lista sinagogilor din România">Lista sinagogilor din România</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Monoteism" title="Monoteism">Monoteism</a>· <a href="/wiki/Istoria_evreilor_%C3%AEn_Rom%C3%A2nia" class="mw-redirect" title="Istoria evreilor în România">Istoria evreilor în România</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Dumnezeu" title="Dumnezeu">Dumnezeu</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Moise" title="Moise">Moise</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Cre%C8%99tinism" title="Creștinism">Creștinism</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Samariteni" title="Samariteni">Samariteni</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Limba_ebraic%C4%83" title="Limba ebraică">Limba ebraică</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/List%C4%83_de_obiecte_cu_importan%C8%9B%C4%83_biblic%C4%83" title="Listă de obiecte cu importanță biblică">Listă de obiecte cu importanță biblică</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;">·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Cortul_%C3%AEnt%C3%A2lnirii" title="Cortul întâlnirii">Cortul întâlnirii</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="height:2px"> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-group" style=";;">Personalități </td> <td 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— pagină inexistentă">Răspunderea delictuală în dreptul comun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Drept#Discipline_suplimentare" title="Drept">Alte subiecte</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drept_agrar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Drept agrar — pagină inexistentă">Drept agrar</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreptul_avia%C8%9Biei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreptul aviației — pagină inexistentă">Dreptul aviației</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reglementarea_bancar%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Reglementarea bancară">Dreptul bancar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faliment" title="Faliment">Faliment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drept_comercial" title="Drept comercial">Drept comercial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dreptul_concuren%C8%9Bei" title="Dreptul concurenței">Dreptul concurenței</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dreptul_concuren%C8%9Bei_(Uniunea_European%C4%83)" title="Dreptul concurenței (Uniunea Europeană)">Dreptul concurenței (Uniunea Europeană)</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drept_interna%C8%9Bional_privat" title="Drept internațional privat">Drept internațional privat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreptul_construc%C8%9Biilor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreptul construcțiilor — pagină inexistentă">Dreptul construcțiilor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drepturile_consumatorului" title="Drepturile consumatorului">Drepturile consumatorului</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drept_corporativ" title="Drept corporativ">Drept corporativ</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Probleme_juridice_ale_societ%C4%83%C8%9Bii_informa%C8%9Bionale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Probleme juridice ale societății informaționale — pagină inexistentă">Drept informatic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drept_electoral&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Drept electoral — pagină inexistentă">Drept electoral</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreptul_energiei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreptul energiei — pagină inexistentă">Dreptul energiei</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreptul_media&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreptul media — pagină inexistentă">Dreptul media</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreptul_mediului&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreptul mediului — pagină inexistentă">Dreptul mediului</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dreptul_familiei" title="Dreptul familiei">Dreptul familiei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reglementare_bancar%C4%83" title="Reglementare bancară">Reglementare bancară</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreptul_s%C4%83n%C4%83t%C4%83%C8%9Bii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreptul sănătății — pagină inexistentă">Dreptul sănătății</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreptul_imigra%C8%9Biei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreptul imigrației — pagină inexistentă">Dreptul imigrației</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proprietate_intelectual%C4%83" title="Proprietate intelectuală">Proprietate intelectuală</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drept_penal_interna%C8%9Bional&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Drept penal internațional — pagină inexistentă">Drept penal internațional</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreptul_interna%C8%9Bional_al_drepturilor_omului&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreptul internațional al drepturilor omului — pagină inexistentă">Drepturile internaționale ale omului</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sclavia_%C3%AEn_dreptul_interna%C8%9Bional&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sclavia în dreptul internațional — pagină inexistentă">Legile internaționale ale sclaviei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dreptul_muncii" title="Dreptul muncii">Dreptul muncii</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreptul_r%C4%83zboiului&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreptul războiului — pagină inexistentă">Dreptul războiului</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arheologie_juridic%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arheologie juridică — pagină inexistentă">Arheologie juridică</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fic%C8%9Biunea_juridic%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ficțiunea juridică — pagină inexistentă">Ficțiunea juridică</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drept_maritim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Drept maritim — pagină inexistentă">Drept maritim</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drept_media&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Drept media — pagină inexistentă">Drept media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justi%C8%9Bie_militar%C4%83" title="Justiție militară">Drept militar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succesiune_(drept)" title="Succesiune (drept)">Succesiune (drept)</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patrimoniu_(drept)" title="Patrimoniu (drept)">Patrimoniu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testament" title="Testament">Testament</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C4%83spunderea_produc%C4%83torilor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Răspunderea producătorilor — pagină inexistentă">Răspunderea producătorilor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drept_interna%C8%9Bional_public" title="Drept internațional public">Drept internațional public</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drept_aero-spa%C8%9Bial&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Drept aero-spațial — pagină inexistentă">Drept aero-spațial</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dreptul_sportului&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dreptul sportului — pagină inexistentă">Dreptul sportului</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drept_fiscal&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Drept fiscal — pagină inexistentă">Drept fiscal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiducia" title="Fiducia">Fiducia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Surse_de_drept&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Surse de drept — pagină inexistentă">Surse de drept</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cart%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cartă — pagină inexistentă">Cartă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitu%C8%9Bie" title="Constituție">Constituție</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cutum%C4%83_(drept)" title="Cutumă (drept)">Cutumă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drept_divin" title="Drept divin">Drept divin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drepturile_omului" title="Drepturile omului">Drepturile omului</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drepturile_naturale_%C8%99i_juridice&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Drepturile naturale și juridice — pagină inexistentă">Drepturile naturale și juridice</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jurispruden%C8%9Ba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jurisprudența — pagină inexistentă">Jurisprudența</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Precedent&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Precedent — pagină inexistentă">Precedent</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Legiferare</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Referendum" title="Referendum">Referendum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Codificare_(drept)" title="Codificare (drept)">Codificare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decret" title="Decret">Decret</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Edict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edict — pagină inexistentă">Edict</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ordin_executiv&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ordin executiv — pagină inexistentă">Ordin executiv</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proclama%C8%9Bie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proclamație — pagină inexistentă">Proclamație</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legisla%C8%9Bie" title="Legislație">Legislație</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Delegarea_legislativa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Delegarea legislativa — pagină inexistentă">Delegarea legislativa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Reglementare&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Reglementare — pagină inexistentă">Reglementare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decret" title="Decret">Decret</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promulgare" title="Promulgare">Promulgare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abrogare" title="Abrogare">Abrogare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tratat" title="Tratat">Tratat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norm%C4%83_juridic%C4%83" title="Normă juridică">Normă juridică</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lege" title="Lege">Lege</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Actele_Parlamentului&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Actele Parlamentului — pagină inexistentă">Actele Parlamentului</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Actele_Congresului&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Actele Congresului — pagină inexistentă">Actele Congresului (SUA)</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lista_sistemelor_juridice_na%C8%9Bionale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lista sistemelor juridice naționale — pagină inexistentă">Sisteme juridice</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drept_civil_(sistem_juridic)" title="Drept civil (sistem juridic)">Drept civil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drept_jurispruden%C8%9Bial_(comun)" title="Drept jurisprudențial (comun)">Drept comun</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drept_chinez&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Drept chinez — pagină inexistentă">Drept chinez</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pluralismul_juridic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pluralismul juridic — pagină inexistentă">pluralismul juridic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drept_religios" title="Drept religios">Drept religios</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drept_canonic" title="Drept canonic">Drept canonic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drept_hindus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Drept hindus — pagină inexistentă">Drept hindus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drept_jain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Drept jain — pagină inexistentă">Drept jain</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Legea iudaică</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C8%98aria" title="Șaria">Șaria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drept_roman" title="Drept roman">Drept roman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drept_socialist&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Drept socialist — pagină inexistentă">Drept socialist</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Drept" title="Drept">Teoria juridică</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Studii_critice_ale_dreptului&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Studii critice ale dreptului — pagină inexistentă">Studii critice ale dreptului</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drept_comparat" title="Drept comparat">Drept comparat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jurispruden%C8%9Ba_feminist%C4%83" class="mw-redirect" title="Jurisprudența feministă">Feministă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drept_%C8%99i_economie" title="Drept și economie">Drept și economie</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Formalismul_juridic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Formalismul juridic — pagină inexistentă">Formalismul juridic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istoria_dreptului&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Istoria dreptului — pagină inexistentă">Istoric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drept_natural" title="Drept natural">Drept natural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pozitivism_juridic" title="Pozitivism juridic">Pozitivism juridic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drept_pozitiv" title="Drept pozitiv">Drept pozitiv</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teoriile_juridice_interna%C8%9Bionale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Teoriile juridice internaționale — pagină inexistentă">Teoriile juridice internaționale</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Legalitate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Legalitate — pagină inexistentă">Legalitate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suprema%C8%9Bia_dreptului" title="Supremația dreptului">Supremația dreptului</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sociologia_dreptului&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sociologia dreptului — pagină inexistentă">Sociologie</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jurispruden%C8%9B%C4%83" title="Jurisprudență">Jurisprudență</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adjudecare&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adjudecare — pagină inexistentă">Adjudecare</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Administrarea_justi%C8%9Biei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Administrarea justiției — pagină inexistentă">Administrarea justiției</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Justi%C8%9Bia_%C3%AEn_materia_penal%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Justiția în materia penală — pagină inexistentă">Justiția în materia penală</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curte_mar%C8%9Bial%C4%83" title="Curte marțială">Curte marțială</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solu%C8%9Bionare_a_litigiilor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Soluționare a litigiilor — pagină inexistentă">Soluționare a litigiilor</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fiqh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fiqh — pagină inexistentă">Fiqh</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proces&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proces — pagină inexistentă">Proces/Litigiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opinie_juridic%C4%83" title="Opinie juridică">Opinie juridică</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Compensa%C8%9Bie_judiciar%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Compensație judiciară — pagină inexistentă">Compensație judiciară</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judec%C4%83tor" title="Judecător">Judecător</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Justi%C8%9Bia_p%C4%83cii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Justiția păcii — pagină inexistentă">Justiția păcii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magistrat" class="mw-disambig" title="Magistrat">Magistrat</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hot%C4%83r%C3%A2re_judec%C4%83toreasc%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hotărâre judecătorească — pagină inexistentă">Hotărâre</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Control_jurisdic%C8%9Bional&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Control jurisdicțional — pagină inexistentă">Control jurisdicțional</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Competen%C8%9B%C4%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Competență — pagină inexistentă">Competență</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juriu" title="Juriu">Juriu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Justi%C8%9Bie" title="Justiție">Justiție</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avocatur%C4%83" title="Avocatură">Avocatură</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avocat" title="Avocat">Avocat</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barrister&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barrister — pagină inexistentă">Barrister</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Consilier_juridic" title="Consilier juridic">Consilier juridic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ap%C4%83rare_(drept)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apărare (drept) — pagină inexistentă">Apărare (drept)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procuror" title="Procuror">Procuror</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solicitor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Solicitor — pagină inexistentă">Solicitor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Proces&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Proces — pagină inexistentă">Proces</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Judecata_de_fond&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Judecata de fond — pagină inexistentă">Judecata de fond</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verdict&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Verdict — pagină inexistentă">Verdict</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Drept#Instituțiile_juridice" title="Drept">Instituțiile juridice</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Birocra%C8%9Bie" class="mw-disambig" title="Birocrație">Birocrație</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barou_(drept)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barou (drept) — pagină inexistentă">Barou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Societate_civil%C4%83" title="Societate 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