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Taju – Vikipeedia

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class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sisukord</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">vii külgpaanile</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">peida</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Algus</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Psühholoogia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Psühholoogia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Psühholoogia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Psühholoogia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Filosoofia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filosoofia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Filosoofia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Filosoofia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Lülita ümber alaosa &quot;Filosoofia&quot;</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Filosoofia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Taju_olemus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taju_olemus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Taju olemus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taju_olemus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taju_fenomenoloogia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taju_fenomenoloogia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Taju fenomenoloogia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Taju_fenomenoloogia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tajuprobleem" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tajuprobleem"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Tajuprobleem</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tajuprobleem-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vaata_ka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vaata_ka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Vaata ka</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vaata_ka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kirjandus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kirjandus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Kirjandus</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Kirjandus-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Lülita ümber alaosa &quot;Kirjandus&quot;</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Kirjandus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Filosoofia_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filosoofia_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Filosoofia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Filosoofia_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sisukord" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Lülita sisukord ümber" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Lülita sisukord ümber</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Taju</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Mine teises keeles artiklisse. Saadaval 74 keeles" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-74" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">74 keelt</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahrnehmung" title="Wahrnehmung – šveitsisaksa" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Wahrnehmung" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="šveitsisaksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A5%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%83_%D8%AD%D8%B3%D9%8A" title="إدراك حسي – araabia" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="إدراك حسي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="araabia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perceici%C3%B3n" title="Perceición – astuuria" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Perceición" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="astuuria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qavray%C4%B1%C5%9F" title="Qavrayış – aserbaidžaani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Qavrayış" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="aserbaidžaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9" title="ایدراک – lõunaaserbaidžaani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ایدراک" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="lõunaaserbaidžaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persepsi" title="Persepsi – indoneesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Persepsi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persepsi" title="Persepsi – malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Persepsi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%A3" title="প্রত্যক্ষণ – bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্রত্যক্ষণ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5" title="Успрыманне – valgevene" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Успрыманне" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="valgevene" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percepcija" title="Percepcija – bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Percepcija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%8A%D0%B7%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Възприятие – bulgaaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Възприятие" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percepci%C3%B3" title="Percepció – katalaani" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Percepció" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="katalaani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%81%C4%95%D0%BC-%D0%B8%D0%BB%C4%95%D0%BC" title="Сисĕм-илĕм – tšuvaši" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Сисĕм-илĕм" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="tšuvaši" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vn%C3%ADm%C3%A1n%C3%AD" title="Vnímání – tšehhi" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Vnímání" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="tšehhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canfyddiad" title="Canfyddiad – kõmri" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Canfyddiad" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="kõmri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perception" title="Perception – taani" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Perception" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="taani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wahrnehmung" title="Wahrnehmung – saksa" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Wahrnehmung" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="saksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AF%CE%BB%CE%B7%CF%88%CE%B7" title="Αντίληψη – kreeka" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αντίληψη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="kreeka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perception" title="Perception – inglise" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Perception" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percepci%C3%B3n" title="Percepción – hispaania" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Percepción" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hispaania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percepto" title="Percepto – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Percepto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pertzepzio" title="Pertzepzio – baski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Pertzepzio" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="baski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9" title="ادراک – pärsia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ادراک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="pärsia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perception_humaine" title="Perception humaine – prantsuse" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Perception humaine" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="prantsuse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EA%B0%81_(%EC%8B%AC%EB%A6%AC%ED%95%99)" title="지각 (심리학) – korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="지각 (심리학)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B8%D5%B6%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B4" title="Ընկալում – armeenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ընկալում" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%AE" title="अवगम – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अवगम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percepcija" title="Percepcija – horvaadi" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Percepcija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="horvaadi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perception" title="Perception – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Perception" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intshwayo" title="Intshwayo – suulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Intshwayo" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="suulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percezione" title="Percezione – itaalia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Percezione" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itaalia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%94" title="תפיסה – heebrea" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תפיסה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="heebrea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A6%E1%83%A5%E1%83%9B%E1%83%90" title="აღქმა – gruusia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="აღქმა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="gruusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D2%AF%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%83" title="Түйсіну – kasahhi" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Түйсіну" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kasahhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="eeskujulik artikkel"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perceptio" title="Perceptio – ladina" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Perceptio" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ladina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uztvere" title="Uztvere – läti" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Uztvere" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="läti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suvokimas" title="Suvokimas – leedu" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Suvokimas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="leedu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89szlel%C3%A9s" title="Észlelés – ungari" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Észlelés" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Восприемање – makedoonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Восприемање" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="makedoonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%86%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B4" title="بنمارش – mazandaraani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="بنمارش" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandaraani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%81%E1%80%B6%E1%80%85%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AD%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%AD" title="ခံစားသိရှိ – birma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ခံစားသိရှိ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waarneming_(perceptie)" title="Waarneming (perceptie) – hollandi" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Waarneming (perceptie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="hollandi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9F%A5%E8%A6%9A" title="知覚 – jaapani" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="知覚" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="jaapani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persepsjon" title="Persepsjon – norra bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Persepsjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norra bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persepsjon" title="Persepsjon – uusnorra" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Persepsjon" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="uusnorra" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/In%CA%BCikos" title="Inʼikos – usbeki" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Inʼikos" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="usbeki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A7" title="ਬੋਧ – pandžabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬੋਧ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="pandžabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%B1%DA%A9" title="درک – puštu" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="درک" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="puštu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spostrzeganie" title="Spostrzeganie – poola" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Spostrzeganie" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percep%C3%A7%C3%A3o" title="Percepção – portugali" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Percepção" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percep%C8%9Bie" title="Percepție – rumeenia" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Percepție" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percepziun" title="Percepziun – romanši" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Percepziun" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="romanši" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sut%27i_musyay" title="Sut&#039;i musyay – ketšua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Sut&#039;i musyay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="ketšua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Восприятие – vene" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Восприятие" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="vene" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perception" title="Perception – šoti" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Perception" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="šoti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%ABrceptimi" title="Përceptimi – albaania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Përceptimi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%83%E0%B6%82%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%B1%E0%B6%BA" title="සංජානනය – singali" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="සංජානනය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perception" title="Perception – lihtsustatud inglise" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Perception" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="lihtsustatud inglise" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percept%C3%ADvnos%C5%A5" title="Perceptívnosť – slovaki" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Perceptívnosť" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8E%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D9%86" title="پێزانین – sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پێزانین" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%9A%D0%B5" title="Опажање – serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Опажање" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opa%C5%BEanje" title="Opažanje – serbia-horvaadi" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Opažanje" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbia-horvaadi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Havaitseminen" title="Havaitseminen – soome" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Havaitseminen" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="soome" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perception" title="Perception – rootsi" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Perception" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="rootsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A3%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="உள்ளுணர்தல் – tamili" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="உள்ளுணர்தல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9%E0%B9%89" title="การรับรู้ – tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="การรับรู้" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tri_gi%C3%A1c" title="Tri giác – vietnami" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tri giác" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnami" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Идрок – tadžiki" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Идрок" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="tadžiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alg%C4%B1" title="Algı – türgi" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Algı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="türgi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD%D1%8F%D1%82%D1%82%D1%8F" title="Сприйняття – ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сприйняття" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9" title="حسی ادراک – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="حسی ادراک" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%84%9F%E7%9F%A5" title="感知 – uu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="感知" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="uu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%84%9F%E7%9F%A5" title="感知 – kantoni" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="感知" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%9F%A5%E8%A7%89" title="知觉 – hiina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="知觉" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="hiina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q160402#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Muuda keelelinke" class="wbc-editpage">Muuda linke</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Nimeruumid"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Taju" title="Vaata sisulehekülge [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artikkel</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Arutelu:Taju" rel="discussion" title="Arutelu selle lehekülje sisu kohta [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Arutelu</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Muuda keelevarianti" > <label 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title="Muuda seda lehekülge [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Muuda</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taju&amp;action=edit" title="Redigeeri selle lehekülje lähteteksti [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Muuda lähteteksti</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taju&amp;action=history" title="Selle lehekülje varasemad redaktsioonid [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Näita ajalugu</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Lehekülje tööriistad"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tööriistad" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">peida</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Allikas: Vikipeedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="et" dir="ltr"><p><b>Taju</b> ehk <b>pertseptsioon</b> on <a href="/wiki/Ps%C3%BChholoogia" title="Psühholoogia">psühholoogias</a> <a href="/wiki/Objektiivsus" title="Objektiivsus">objektiivse</a> <a href="/wiki/Tegelikkus" title="Tegelikkus">tegelikkuse</a> <a href="/wiki/Peegeldumine" title="Peegeldumine">peegeldumine</a> <a href="/wiki/Teadvus" title="Teadvus">teadvuses</a> tervikliku <a href="/wiki/Meeled" title="Meeled">meelelise</a> <a href="/wiki/Kujund" title="Kujund">kujundina</a>, mis tagab <a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%B5jur&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Mõjur (pole veel kirjutatud)">mõjurite</a> äratundmise ja identifitseerimise. <a href="/wiki/Filosoofia" title="Filosoofia">Filosoofias</a> mõeldakse taju ehk <b>meeltetaju</b> all ümbritseva maailma teadvustamist meelte abil. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Psühholoogia"><span id="Ps.C3.BChholoogia"></span>Psühholoogia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taju&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Psühholoogia&quot;" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taju&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Psühholoogia&quot; lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Taju formeerumine toimub <a href="/wiki/Aisting" title="Aisting">aistingutes</a> sisalduva elementaarinformatsiooni alusel aju vastavates <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tajukeskus&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tajukeskus (pole veel kirjutatud)">keskustes</a> ja on tegelikkuse <a href="/w/index.php?title=Meeleline_peegeldus&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Meeleline peegeldus (pole veel kirjutatud)">meelelise peegeldamise</a> või <a href="/w/index.php?title=Meeleline_tunnetus&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Meeleline tunnetus (pole veel kirjutatud)">meelelise tunnetamise</a> üks etappe aistingu ja <a href="/wiki/Kujutlus" title="Kujutlus">kujutluse</a> kõrval. Kuivõrd oluline on tajukeskuste osa taju kujunemisel, näitab kasvõi see, et osa tajuelamusi formeeritakse ilma otsese aistingu olemasoluta, vaid eelneva <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kogemuse&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kogemuse (pole veel kirjutatud)">kogemuse</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Tagasiside" title="Tagasiside">tagasiside</a> alusel. Näiteks <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruumitaju&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruumitaju (pole veel kirjutatud)">ruumitaju</a> – kuigi <a href="/wiki/Silm" title="Silm">silma</a> <a href="/wiki/V%C3%B5rkkest" title="Võrkkest">võrkkestale</a> langev kujutis on kahemõõtmeline, moodustatakse eelneva kogemuse põhjal kolmemõõtmeline tajuelamus. </p><p>Kuigi 19. sajandist pärineva traditsiooni järgi tehakse selget vahet aistingu ja taju vahel, on uuringud näidanud, et alati ei ole see otstarbekas. Viidatakse "taibukatele" mehhanismidele, mis ilma vaheastmeteta suudavad registreerida keerukaid ja samal ajal mõttekaid keskkonna omadusi. See seisukoht ei ole veel tänaseks kindlapiiriliselt välja kujunenud. </p><p><a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C3%A4ibekeel&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Käibekeel (pole veel kirjutatud)">Käibekeeles</a> mõistetakse tajumise all sageli meelelise tunnetuse protsessi tervikuna ja üsna tüüpiliselt liitub käibekeeles tajumise mõistele ka <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B5tlemine" title="Mõtlemine">mõtlemist</a> sisaldav nüanss. Näiteks: "ma tajun, et midagi on muutumas". </p><p>Eristatakse järgmisi tajuliike: </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haistmistaju&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Haistmistaju (pole veel kirjutatud)">haistmistaju</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuulmistaju&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuulmistaju (pole veel kirjutatud)">kuulmistaju</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Liigutamistaju&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Liigutamistaju (pole veel kirjutatud)">liigutamistaju</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maitsmistaju&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Maitsmistaju (pole veel kirjutatud)">maitsmistaju</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=N%C3%A4gemistaju&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Nägemistaju (pole veel kirjutatud)">nägemistaju</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puutetaju&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Puutetaju (pole veel kirjutatud)">puutetaju</a></li></ul> <p>Lisaks konkreetse meeleelundiga otseselt seotud tajudele on võimalik eristada tajusid, mille seos meeleelundiga on üsna kaudne või pole vastavat meeleelundit avastatud: </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ruumitaju&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ruumitaju (pole veel kirjutatud)">ruumitaju</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ajataju&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ajataju (pole veel kirjutatud)">ajataju</a></li></ul> <p>Tajul eristatakse mitmeid omadusi: </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taju_antropomorfsus&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Taju antropomorfsus (pole veel kirjutatud)">antropomorfism</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taju_apertseptiivsus&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Taju apertseptiivsus (pole veel kirjutatud)">apertseptiivsus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taju_konstantsus&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Taju konstantsus (pole veel kirjutatud)">Konstantsus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taju_eelistus_(liikumine)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Taju eelistus (liikumine) (pole veel kirjutatud)">liikuvuse eelistamine</a> liikumatusele</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taju_m%C3%B5testatus&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Taju mõtestatus (pole veel kirjutatud)">mõtestatus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taju_kulgemine&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Taju kulgemine (pole veel kirjutatud)">taju kulgemine</a> üldiselt üksikule</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taju_eelistus_(tuntus)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Taju eelistus (tuntus) (pole veel kirjutatud)">tuntuse eelistamine</a> tundmatule</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taju_valivus&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Taju valivus (pole veel kirjutatud)">valivus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taju_%C3%B6konoomsus&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Taju ökonoomsus (pole veel kirjutatud)">ökonoomsus</a></li></ul> <p>Tajufenomenidega, mille füsioloogilist substraati (nt vastavaid retseptoreid) ei ole inimesel tänini avastatud või mille olemasolu ei suudeta tänapäevaste teaduslike meetoditega tõestada, tegeleb <a href="/wiki/Paraps%C3%BChholoogia" title="Parapsühholoogia">parapsühholoogia</a>. Selliseid meelesüsteeme nimetatakse kuuendaks, seitsmendaks jne meeleks. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Filosoofia">Filosoofia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taju&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Filosoofia&quot;" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taju&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Filosoofia&quot; lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Taju_olemus">Taju olemus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taju&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Taju olemus&quot;" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taju&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Taju olemus&quot; lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kui öeldakse, et keegi tajub, et <i>p</i>, siis see implitseerib, et <i>p</i>. Kui kellelgi on <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tajuelamus&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tajuelamus (pole veel kirjutatud)">tajuelamus</a>, et <i>p</i>, siis see ei implitseeri, et <i>p</i>. Sellepärast tekib küsimus, kuidas tajuelamus on seotud tajutava reaalsusega. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Taju_fenomenoloogia">Taju fenomenoloogia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taju&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Taju fenomenoloogia&quot;" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taju&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Taju fenomenoloogia&quot; lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tajuelamus&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tajuelamus (pole veel kirjutatud)">Tajuelamusele</a> on subjektiivselt iseloomulik avatus maailmale, st otsene ja vahetu ligipääs reaalsusele. </p><p>Tajuelamuse objektid on tavakäsituses objektiivsed avalikud objektid. Tajutakse ka nende omadusi (mille objektiivsus pole alati selge). Kuigi mõne <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tajuteooria&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tajuteooria (pole veel kirjutatud)">tajuteooria</a> järgi tajutakse objektiivseid objekte millegi subjektiivse tajumise kaudu, tundub tajuelamus tajujale peaaegu kõigi tajuteooriate järgi objektiivse maailma teadvustamisena, mitte taju enda põhjustatud asjade teadvustamisena. Näiteks nägemiselamust kirjeldatakse tavaliselt rääkides kogemusest erinevatest nähtavatest objektidest ja nende omadustest ning kasutades <a href="/wiki/M%C3%B5iste" title="Mõiste">mõisteid</a>, mis ei piirdu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuju&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuju (pole veel kirjutatud)">kujude</a> ja <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4rvus" title="Värvus">värvustega</a>. Neil kirjeldustel on väljaspool kogemust eksisteerivate asjade <a href="/wiki/Sidumus" class="mw-redirect" title="Sidumus">sidumus</a>. Parim viis kirjeldada ilma niisuguse sidumuseta on öelda, et tajujal on niisugune tajuelamus, mida oleks loomulik kirjeldada sõnastuses, millel muidu oleks niisugune sidumus. Tõsiasi, et taju fenomenoloogia on niisugune, ei välista idealistlikke tajuteooriaid, mille järgi tajutavad objektid ja omadused on subjektiivsed. </p><p>Tajuelamuse tavakäsituse järgi on elamuse <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fenomeniline_iseloom&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Fenomeniline iseloom (pole veel kirjutatud)">fenomeniline iseloom</a> seotud tajutavate tegelike objektide loomusega. Elamuse fenomenilist iseloomu on kõige parem edasi anda kogemuse objektide kaudu ja selle kaudu, millistena need meile tunduvad. Analoogne lugu on <a href="/wiki/Uskumus" title="Uskumus">uskumustega</a>: nende loomust on kõige parem edasi anda, kirjeldades seda, mille kohta uskumus käib. Tajuelamuse fenomeniline iseloom sõltub tajutavatest objektidest, aga kuidagi teisiti kui uskumuste puhul. Taju puhul kogetakse objekti kohalolevana nii, nagu see uskumuse, <a href="/w/index.php?title=M%C3%B5te&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Mõte (pole veel kirjutatud)">mõtte</a> ja paljude teiste <a href="/wiki/Vaimuseisund" title="Vaimuseisund">vaimuseisundite</a> ja <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vaimus%C3%BCndmus&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vaimusündmus (pole veel kirjutatud)">vaimusündmuste</a> puhul ei ole. See kohalolu ei ole lihtsalt objektiivne olemasolu (erinevalt <a href="/wiki/Teadmine" title="Teadmine">teadmise</a>, mõtte ja <a href="/wiki/Kujutlus" title="Kujutlus">kujutluse</a> juhtumist). Tajule on iseloomulik, et teda piirab see, missugune on taju kohalolev objekt tajumise hetkel. Taju on vahetu ja elav, nii nagu mõte ei ole: asi on selles, et tajutavad objektid ja nende omadused on tajumise ajal tajujale tegelikult antud. </p><p>Tajuelamus on läbipaistev selles mõttes, et <a href="/wiki/Refleksioon" title="Refleksioon">refleksioon</a> või <a href="/wiki/Introspektsioon" title="Introspektsioon">introspektsioon</a> tajuelamuste üle ilmutab, et me ei teadvusta mitte elamusi ja nende tunnuseid (<a href="/wiki/Kvaal" class="mw-redirect" title="Kvaal">kvaale</a>), vaid nende objektiivseid objekte. On vastu väidetud, et näiteks kui prillid eest ära võtta, siis nägemuselamus on teistsugune, ilma et objekte teistsugustena nähtaks; nii et võib-olla läbipaistmatuse tees ei kuulu taju tervemõistuslikku käsitusse. </p><p>Tajuobjektide objektiivsus ei käi ainult <a href="/wiki/N%C3%A4gemine" title="Nägemine">nägemise</a>, vaid ka teiste meelte kohta. Usutav on öelda, et me kuuleme asju <a href="/wiki/Heli" title="Heli">helide</a> kuulmise kaudu, ja helid on meie kogemuses objektiivsed. Sama lugu on <a href="/wiki/L%C3%B5hn" title="Lõhn">lõhnadega</a>. Mõned metafüüsilised teooriad eitavad helide ja lõhnade objektiivsust, aga need teooriad lahknevad tervemõistuslikust arusaamast. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tajuprobleem">Tajuprobleem</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taju&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Tajuprobleem&quot;" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taju&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Tajuprobleem&quot; lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/12px-Next.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/18px-Next.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Next.svg/24px-Next.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span></span>&#160;<i>Pikemalt artiklis <a href="/wiki/Tajuprobleem" title="Tajuprobleem">Tajuprobleem</a></i></dd></dl> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tajufilosoofia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tajufilosoofia (pole veel kirjutatud)">Tajufilosoofia</a> üks põhilisi lähtekohti on tajuprobleem: kui on olemas <a href="/wiki/Illusioon" title="Illusioon">illusioonid</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Hallutsinatsioon" title="Hallutsinatsioon">hallutsinatsioonid</a>, kuidas siis saab taju anda otsese ja vahetu ligipääsu <a href="/wiki/Reaalsus" title="Reaalsus">reaalsusele</a>? Probleem esineb vastavalt <a href="/wiki/Illusiooniargument" title="Illusiooniargument">illusiooniargumendina</a> ja <a href="/wiki/Hallutsinatsiooniargument" title="Hallutsinatsiooniargument">hallutsinatsiooniargumendina</a>. Illusioonide ja hallutsinatsioonide võimalikkus näitab nende argumentide järgi, et taju ei saa olla objektiivsete esemete vahetu teadvustamine. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vaata_ka">Vaata ka</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taju&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Vaata ka&quot;" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taju&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Vaata ka&quot; lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apertseptsioon" title="Apertseptsioon">apertseptsioon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kognitiivsemiootika" title="Kognitiivsemiootika">kognitiivsemiootika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meeled" title="Meeled">meeled</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meeleelund" title="Meeleelund">meeleelund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taju_mikrogenees" title="Taju mikrogenees">taju mikrogenees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tajumish%C3%A4ired" title="Tajumishäired">tajumishäired</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tajumus&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tajumus (pole veel kirjutatud)">tajumus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tunnetus" class="mw-disambig" title="Tunnetus">tunnetus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adverbiaalne_tajuteooria" title="Adverbiaalne tajuteooria">adverbiaalne tajuteooria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%B5hjuslik_tajuteooria" title="Põhjuslik tajuteooria">põhjuslik tajuteooria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V%C3%A4lismaailma_probleem" title="Välismaailma probleem">välismaailma probleem</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kirjandus">Kirjandus</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taju&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Kirjandus&quot;" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taju&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Kirjandus&quot; lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Filosoofia_2">Filosoofia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taju&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Filosoofia&quot;" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>muuda</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Taju&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Muuda alaosa &quot;Filosoofia&quot; lähteteksti"><span>muuda lähteteksti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_Hume" title="David Hume">David Hume</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Essee_inimarust" class="mw-redirect" title="Essee inimarust">Essee inimarust</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/1748" title="1748">1748</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._E._Moore" class="mw-redirect" title="G. E. Moore">G. E. Moore</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Refutation_of_Idealism" title="The Refutation of Idealism">The Refutation of Idealism</a>. – <i>Philosophical Studies</i>, London: Routledge &amp; Kegan Paul <a href="/wiki/1905" title="1905">1905</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._E._Moore" class="mw-redirect" title="G. E. Moore">G. E. Moore</a>. Sense Data, <a href="/wiki/1910" title="1910">1910</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertrand_Russell" title="Bertrand Russell">Bertrand Russell</a>. <i>The Problems of Philosophy</i>, Oxford: Oxford University Press <a href="/wiki/1912" title="1912">1912</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=C._D._Broad&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="C. D. Broad (pole veel kirjutatud)">C. D. Broad</a>. The Theory of Sensa, <a href="/wiki/1923" title="1923">1923</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=H._H._Price&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="H. H. Price (pole veel kirjutatud)">H. H. Price</a>. <i>Perception</i>, London: Methuen <a href="/wiki/1932" title="1932">1932</a>.</li> <li>R. J. Swartz (toim). <i>Perceiving, Sensing and Knowing</i>, Los Angeles and Berkeley: University of California Press <a href="/wiki/1965" title="1965">1965</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/G._E._M._Anscombe" title="G. E. M. Anscombe">G. E. M. Anscombe</a>. The Intentionality of Sensation: a Grammatical Feature. – <a href="/w/index.php?title=R._J._Butler&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="R. J. Butler (pole veel kirjutatud)">R. J. Butler</a> (toim). <i>Analytical Philosophy: First Series</i>, Oxford: Blackwell <a href="/wiki/1965" title="1965">1965</a>, lk 143–158. Ümbertrükk: G. E. M. Anscombe. <i>Metaphysics and the Philosophy of Mind: Collected Papers</i>, kd II, Oxford: Blackwell.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Armstrong&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="David Armstrong (pole veel kirjutatud)">D. M. Armstrong</a>. <i>A Materialist Theory of the Mind</i>, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul <a href="/wiki/1968" title="1968">1968</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fred_Dretske&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Fred Dretske (pole veel kirjutatud)">Fred Dretske</a>. <i>Seeing and Knowing</i>, Chicago: University of Chicago Press <a href="/wiki/1969" title="1969">1969</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frank_Jackson" title="Frank Jackson">Frank Jackson</a>. <i>Perception: A Representative Theory</i>, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press <a href="/wiki/1977" title="1977">1977</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Strawson" title="Peter Strawson">P. F. Strawson</a>. Perception and its Objects. – G. Macdonald (toim). <i>Perception and Identity: Essays Presented to A.J. Ayer with His Replies</i>, London: Macmillan <a href="/wiki/1979" title="1979">1979</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=P._F._Snowdon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="P. F. Snowdon (pole veel kirjutatud)">P. F. Snowdon</a>. Perception, Vision and Causation. – <i>Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society</i>, 1979–80, 81. lk 175–192.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Christopher_Peacocke&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Christopher Peacocke (pole veel kirjutatud)">Christopher Peacocke</a>. <i>Sense and Content</i>, Oxford: Oxford University Press <a href="/wiki/1983" title="1983">1983</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moreland_Perkins&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Moreland Perkins (pole veel kirjutatud)">Moreland Perkins</a>. <i>Sensing the World</i>, Indianapolis: Hackett <a href="/wiki/1983" title="1983">1983</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jonathan_Dancy&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jonathan Dancy (pole veel kirjutatud)">Jonathan Dancy</a> (toim). <i>Perceptual Knowledge</i>, Oxford: Oxford University Press <a href="/wiki/1988" title="1988">1988</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerome_Valberg&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jerome Valberg (pole veel kirjutatud)">J. J. Valberg</a>. <i>The Puzzle of Experience</i>, Oxford: Clarendon Press <a href="/wiki/1992" title="1992">1992</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=P._F._Snowdon&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="P. F. Snowdon (pole veel kirjutatud)">P. F. Snowdon</a>. How to Interpret 'Direct Perception', <a href="/wiki/1992" title="1992">1992</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tim_Crane" title="Tim Crane">Tim Crane</a> (toim). <i>The Contents of Experience</i>, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press <a href="/wiki/1992" title="1992">1992</a>. <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jerome_Valberg&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Jerome Valberg (pole veel kirjutatud)">J. J. Valberg</a>. The Puzzle of Experience, lk 18–47.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Michael_Tye&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Michael Tye (pole veel kirjutatud)">Michael Tye</a>. Visual Qualia and Visual Content, lk 158–176.</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Howard_Robinson&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Howard Robinson (pole veel kirjutatud)">Howard Robinson</a>. <i>Perception</i>, London: Routledge <a href="/wiki/1994" title="1994">1994</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_McDowell" title="John McDowell">John McDowell</a>. The Content of Perceptual Experience. – <i>Philosophical Quarterly</i>, <a href="/wiki/1994" title="1994">1994</a>, 44, lk. Ümbertükk: Noë, Thompson. 2002.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Foster&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="John Foster (pole veel kirjutatud)">John Foster</a>. <i>The Nature of Perception</i>, Oxford: Oxford University Press <a href="/wiki/2000" title="2000">2000</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alva_No%C3%AB&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Alva Noë (pole veel kirjutatud)">Alva Noë</a>, <a href="/wiki/Evan_Thompson" title="Evan Thompson">Evan Thompson</a> (toim). <i>Vision and Mind: Selected Readings in the Philosophy of Perception</i>, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. <a href="/wiki/2002" title="2002">2002</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=M._G._F._Martin&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="M. G. F. Martin (pole veel kirjutatud)">M. G. F. Martin</a>. The Transparency of Experience. – <i>Mind and Language</i>, <a href="/wiki/2002" title="2002">2002</a>, 17, lk 376–425.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tamar_Szab%C3%B3_Gendler&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tamar Szabó Gendler (pole veel kirjutatud)">Tamar Szabó Gendler</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=John_Hawthorne&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="John Hawthorne (pole veel kirjutatud)">John Hawthorne</a> (toim). <i>Perceptual Experience</i>, Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/2006" title="2006">2006</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=A._D._Smith&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="A. D. Smith (pole veel kirjutatud)">A. D. Smith</a>. <i>The Problem of Perception</i>, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/2008" title="2008">2008</a>.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adrian_Haddock&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Adrian Haddock (pole veel kirjutatud)">Adrian Haddock</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fiona_Macpherson" title="Fiona Macpherson">Fiona Macpherson</a> (toim). <i>Disjunctivism: Perception, Action, Knowledge, Oxford University Press.</i> <a href="/wiki/2008" title="2008">2008</a>].</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matthew_Nudds&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Matthew Nudds (pole veel kirjutatud)">Matthew Nudds</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Casey_O%27Callaghan&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Casey O&#39;Callaghan (pole veel kirjutatud)">Casey O'Callaghan</a> (toim). <i>Sounds and Perception</i>, Oxford: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/2009" title="2009">2009</a>.</li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6724296">.mw-parser-output table.side-box{margin:4px 0;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output th.side-box-text,.mw-parser-output td.side-box-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output td.side-box-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output td.side-box-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output table.side-box a>img{max-width:none!important}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output table.side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output table.side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output table.side-box-left{margin-right:1em;border-collapse:collapse}}</style><table role="presentation" class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"> <tbody><tr> <td class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span></td> <td class="side-box-text">Tsitaadid Vikitsitaatides: <b><a href="https://et.wikiquote.org/wiki/Taju" class="extiw" title="q:Taju">Taju</a></b></td></tr></tbody></table> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐7f58d5dcf5‐ddxp9 Cached time: 20241110153627 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.100 seconds Real time usage: 0.130 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 203/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 1474/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 69/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 9/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 882/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.049/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1929751/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 89.300 1 -total 94.87% 84.719 1 Mall:Vikitsitaadid 92.00% 82.159 1 Mall:Sõsarprojekt 89.08% 79.551 1 Mall:Äärekast 4.84% 4.322 1 Mall:Vaata --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key etwiki:pcache:idhash:89885-0!canonical and timestamp 20241110153627 and revision id 6219358. 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