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Pakatan Rakyat - Wikipedia Bahasa Melayu, ensiklopedia bebas

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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Belanjawan_alternatif"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Belanjawan alternatif</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Belanjawan_alternatif-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Isu-isu_utama" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Isu-isu_utama"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Isu-isu utama</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Isu-isu_utama-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Togol subbahagian Isu-isu utama</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Isu-isu_utama-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ideologi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ideologi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Ideologi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ideologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Negara_Islam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Negara_Islam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Negara Islam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Negara_Islam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pendaftaran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pendaftaran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Pendaftaran</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pendaftaran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Senarai_parti_komponen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Senarai_parti_komponen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Senarai parti komponen</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Senarai_parti_komponen-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Togol subbahagian Senarai parti komponen</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Senarai_parti_komponen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Parti_Keadilan_Rakyat_(PKR)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parti_Keadilan_Rakyat_(PKR)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Parti Keadilan Rakyat (PKR)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parti_Keadilan_Rakyat_(PKR)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parti_Tindakan_Demokratik_(DAP)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parti_Tindakan_Demokratik_(DAP)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Parti Tindakan Demokratik (DAP)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parti_Tindakan_Demokratik_(DAP)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parti_Islam_Se-Malaysia_(PAS)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parti_Islam_Se-Malaysia_(PAS)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Parti Islam Se-Malaysia (PAS)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parti_Islam_Se-Malaysia_(PAS)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wakil_rakyat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wakil_rakyat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Wakil rakyat</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Wakil_rakyat-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Togol subbahagian Wakil rakyat</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Wakil_rakyat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Dewan_Negara_Malaysia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dewan_Negara_Malaysia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Dewan Negara Malaysia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dewan_Negara_Malaysia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Dewan_Rakyat_Malaysia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Dewan_Rakyat_Malaysia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Dewan Rakyat Malaysia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Dewan_Rakyat_Malaysia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kedah_Darul_Aman" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kedah_Darul_Aman"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.1</span> <span>Kedah Darul Aman</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kedah_Darul_Aman-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kelantan_Darul_Niam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kelantan_Darul_Niam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.2</span> <span>Kelantan Darul Niam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kelantan_Darul_Niam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Terengganu_Darul_Iman" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Terengganu_Darul_Iman"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.3</span> <span>Terengganu Darul Iman</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Terengganu_Darul_Iman-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pulau_Pinang_Pulau_Mutiara" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pulau_Pinang_Pulau_Mutiara"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.4</span> <span>Pulau Pinang Pulau Mutiara</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pulau_Pinang_Pulau_Mutiara-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Perak_Darul_Ridzuan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perak_Darul_Ridzuan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.5</span> <span>Perak Darul Ridzuan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Perak_Darul_Ridzuan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pahang_Darul_Makmur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pahang_Darul_Makmur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.6</span> <span>Pahang Darul Makmur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pahang_Darul_Makmur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Selangor_Darul_Ehsan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Selangor_Darul_Ehsan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.7</span> <span>Selangor Darul Ehsan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Selangor_Darul_Ehsan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wilayah_Persekutuan_Kuala_Lumpur" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wilayah_Persekutuan_Kuala_Lumpur"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.8</span> <span>Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wilayah_Persekutuan_Kuala_Lumpur-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Negeri_Sembilan_Darul_Khusus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Negeri_Sembilan_Darul_Khusus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.9</span> <span>Negeri Sembilan Darul Khusus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Negeri_Sembilan_Darul_Khusus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Melaka_Bandaraya_Bersejarah" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Melaka_Bandaraya_Bersejarah"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.10</span> <span>Melaka Bandaraya Bersejarah</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Melaka_Bandaraya_Bersejarah-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Johor_Darul_Takzim" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Johor_Darul_Takzim"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.11</span> <span>Johor Darul Takzim</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Johor_Darul_Takzim-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sabah_Di_Bawah_Bayu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sabah_Di_Bawah_Bayu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.12</span> <span>Sabah Di Bawah Bayu</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sabah_Di_Bawah_Bayu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sarawak_Bumi_Kenyalang" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sarawak_Bumi_Kenyalang"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.13</span> <span>Sarawak Bumi Kenyalang</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sarawak_Bumi_Kenyalang-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ketua_kerajaan_negeri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ketua_kerajaan_negeri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Ketua kerajaan negeri</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ketua_kerajaan_negeri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pembubaran" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pembubaran"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Pembubaran</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pembubaran-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Keputusan_pilihan_raya_umum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Keputusan_pilihan_raya_umum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Keputusan pilihan raya umum</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Keputusan_pilihan_raya_umum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Keputusan_pilihan_raya_negeri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Keputusan_pilihan_raya_negeri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Keputusan pilihan raya negeri</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Keputusan_pilihan_raya_negeri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_juga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_juga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Lihat juga</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_juga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rujukan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rujukan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Rujukan</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rujukan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pautan_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pautan_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Pautan luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pautan_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Kandungan" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Isi Kandungan" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Togol isi kandungan" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Togol isi kandungan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Pakatan Rakyat</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke rencana dalam bahasa lain. Tersedia dalam 14 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-14" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">14 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xalq_bloku" title="Xalq bloku – Azerbaijan" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Xalq bloku" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakatan_Rakyat" title="Pakatan Rakyat – Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Pakatan Rakyat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakatan_Rakyat" title="Pakatan Rakyat – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Pakatan Rakyat" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakatan_Rakyat" title="Pakatan Rakyat – Inggeris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Pakatan Rakyat" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggeris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakatan_Rakyat" title="Pakatan Rakyat – Sepanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Pakatan Rakyat" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sepanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B2%D8%A8_%D9%BE%D8%A7%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%A9%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="حزب پاکاتان راکیات – Parsi" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="حزب پاکاتان راکیات" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Parsi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakatan_Rakyat" title="Pakatan Rakyat – Perancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Pakatan Rakyat" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Perancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakatan_Rakyat" title="Pakatan Rakyat – Macedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Pakatan Rakyat" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakatan_Rakyat" title="Pakatan Rakyat – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Pakatan Rakyat" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BA_(%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Народный блок (Малайзия) – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Народный блок (Малайзия)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakatan_Rakyat" title="Pakatan Rakyat – Sweden" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Pakatan Rakyat" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweden" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D" title="பாக்காத்தான் ராக்யாட் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பாக்காத்தான் ராக்யாட்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%99" title="พันธมิตรประชาชน – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พันธมิตรประชาชน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E4%BA%BA%E6%B0%91%E8%81%94%E7%9B%9F_(%E9%A9%AC%E6%9D%A5%E8%A5%BF%E4%BA%9A)" title="人民联盟 (马来西亚) – Cina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="人民联盟 (马来西亚)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Cina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1570973#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pautan antara bahasa" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pautan</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pakatan_Rakyat" title="Lihat laman kandungan [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Rencana</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Perbincangan:Pakatan_Rakyat" rel="discussion" title="Perbincangan mengenai laman kandungan [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Perbincangan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tukar kelainan bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bahasa Melayu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Rupa"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pakatan_Rakyat"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakatan_Rakyat&amp;veaction=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakatan_Rakyat&amp;action=edit" title="Sunting kod sumber untuk laman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakatan_Rakyat&amp;action=history" title="Semakan terdahulu bagi laman ini [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" 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> <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Peralatan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Lagi pilihan" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pakatan_Rakyat"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakatan_Rakyat&amp;veaction=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakatan_Rakyat&amp;action=edit" title="Sunting kod sumber untuk laman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakatan_Rakyat&amp;action=history"><span>Lihat sejarah</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Pautan_ke_sini/Pakatan_Rakyat" title="Senarai semua laman wiki yang mengandungi pautan ke laman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pautan ke laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perubahan_berkaitan/Pakatan_Rakyat" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terkini bagi laman yang dipaut dari laman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan berkaitan</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=ms" title="Muat naik fail [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Muat naik fail</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakatan_Rakyat&amp;oldid=6450346" title="Pautan kekal ke semakan laman ini"><span>Pautan kekal</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakatan_Rakyat&amp;action=info" title="Maklumat lanjut mengenai laman ini"><span>Maklumat laman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Petik_laman_ini&amp;page=Pakatan_Rakyat&amp;id=6450346&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Maklumat tentang cara memetik laman ini"><span>Petik laman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a 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href="/w/index.php?title=Pakatan_Rakyat&amp;printable=yes" title="Versi boleh cetak bagi laman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi boleh cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam projek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1570973" title="Pautan ke item repositori data yang bersambung [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Penampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Penampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Daripada Wikipedia, ensiklopedia bebas.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ms" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5657302">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 125%;"><div style="padding-top:0.3em; padding-bottom:0.3em; border-top:2.0px solid Orange and white; border-bottom:2.0px solid Orange and white; line-height: 1;"><div class="fn org">Pakatan Rakyat</div></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo" style="padding-top:.4em;padding-bottom:.3em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Pakatan_Rakyat_logo_variation.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Pakatan_Rakyat_logo_variation.svg/180px-Pakatan_Rakyat_logo_variation.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="63" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Pakatan_Rakyat_logo_variation.svg/270px-Pakatan_Rakyat_logo_variation.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Pakatan_Rakyat_logo_variation.svg/360px-Pakatan_Rakyat_logo_variation.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2274" data-file-height="798" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em">Ketua Umum</th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Anwar_Ibrahim" title="Anwar Ibrahim">Anwar Ibrahim</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em"><a href="/wiki/Pembangkang_(Malaysia)" title="Pembangkang (Malaysia)">Ketua Pembangkang</a></th><td class="infobox-data agent" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Wan_Azizah_Wan_Ismail" title="Wan Azizah Wan Ismail">Wan Azizah Wan Ismail</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em">Ditubuhkan</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">11&#160;April 2008<span class="noprint">&#59;&#32;16 tahun yang lalu</span><span style="display:none">&#160;(<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2008-04-11</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em">Dibubarkan</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">16&#160;Julai 2015<span class="noprint">&#59;&#32;9 tahun yang lalu</span><span style="display:none">&#160;(<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2015-07-16</span>)</span> (Dalam pertikaian)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em">Didahului oleh</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Barisan_Alternatif" title="Barisan Alternatif">Barisan Alternatif</a> (BA)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em">Digantikan oleh</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Pakatan_Harapan" title="Pakatan Harapan">Pakatan Harapan</a> (PH) and <a href="/wiki/Gagasan_Sejahtera" title="Gagasan Sejahtera">Gagasan Sejahtera</a> (GS)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em">Ibu pejabat</th><td class="infobox-data label" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Petaling_Jaya" title="Petaling Jaya">Petaling Jaya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Selangor" title="Selangor">Selangor</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/PKR" class="mw-redirect" title="PKR">PKR</a>) <br /><a href="/wiki/Kuala_Lumpur" title="Kuala Lumpur">Kuala Lumpur</a> <br />(<a href="/wiki/DAP" class="mw-redirect" title="DAP">DAP</a>, <a href="/wiki/PAS" class="mw-redirect" title="PAS">PAS</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Kuching" title="Kuching">Kuching</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak">Sarawak</a> <br />(<a href="/wiki/SNAP" class="mw-redirect" title="SNAP">SNAP</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em">Keanggotaan&#160;(2014)</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Lambang_keadilan.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ms/thumb/3/37/Lambang_keadilan.png/16px-Lambang_keadilan.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ms/thumb/3/37/Lambang_keadilan.png/24px-Lambang_keadilan.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ms/thumb/3/37/Lambang_keadilan.png/32px-Lambang_keadilan.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="80" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:DAP-100px.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ms/thumb/c/c2/DAP-100px.jpg/15px-DAP-100px.jpg" decoding="async" width="15" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ms/thumb/c/c2/DAP-100px.jpg/23px-DAP-100px.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ms/thumb/c/c2/DAP-100px.jpg/30px-DAP-100px.jpg 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="60" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:LogoSNAP.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ms/thumb/a/aa/LogoSNAP.jpg/14px-LogoSNAP.jpg" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ms/thumb/a/aa/LogoSNAP.jpg/21px-LogoSNAP.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ms/thumb/a/aa/LogoSNAP.jpg/28px-LogoSNAP.jpg 2x" data-file-width="150" data-file-height="147" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:PAS_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/PAS_logo.svg/14px-PAS_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/PAS_logo.svg/21px-PAS_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/PAS_logo.svg/28px-PAS_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="647" data-file-height="448" /></a></span> <br /> • 185,300 (<a href="/wiki/Parti_Keadilan_Rakyat" title="Parti Keadilan Rakyat">PKR</a>) <br /> • 76,850 (<a href="/wiki/Parti_Tindakan_Demokratik" title="Parti Tindakan Demokratik">DAP</a>) <br /> • 85,500 (<a href="/wiki/Parti_Islam_Se-Malaysia" title="Parti Islam Se-Malaysia">PAS</a>) <br /> • 25,000 (<a href="/wiki/Parti_Kebangsaan_Sarawak" title="Parti Kebangsaan Sarawak">SNAP</a>) <small>(20 April 2010 – 7 Mei 2011)</small></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em">Ideologi</th><td class="infobox-data category" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Liberalisme_sosial" title="Liberalisme sosial">Liberalisme sosial</a> <br /><a href="/wiki/Demokrasi_sosial" title="Demokrasi sosial">Demokrasi sosial</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Negara_kebajikan" title="Negara kebajikan">Negara kebajikan</a> <br />Negara Berkebajikan</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em"><a href="/wiki/Dewan_Negara_Malaysia" title="Dewan Negara Malaysia">Dewan Negara Malaysia</a>:</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">8 / 70</span><div role="img" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8991C; width: 11%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em"><a href="/wiki/Dewan_Rakyat_Malaysia" title="Dewan Rakyat Malaysia">Dewan Rakyat Malaysia</a>:</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">86 / 222</span><div role="img" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8991C; width: 39%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em"><a href="/wiki/Dewan_Undangan_Negeri" class="mw-redirect" title="Dewan Undangan Negeri">Dewan Undangan Negeri</a>:</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">239 / 576</span><div role="img" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8991C; width: 41%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="padding-top:0; border-top: 1.5px solid Orange and white"><a href="/wiki/Politik_Malaysia" title="Politik Malaysia">Politik Malaysia</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Senarai_parti_politik_di_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Senarai parti politik di Malaysia">Parti politik</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Pilihan_raya_di_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Pilihan raya di Malaysia">Pilihan raya</a></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6349617">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.2em;text-align:center;line-height:1.4em;font-size:88%;border-collapse:collapse;display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:table!important;float:right!important;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em!important}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-subgroup{width:100%;margin:0;border-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-left{float:left;clear:left;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-none{float:none;clear:both;margin:0.5em 1em 1em 0}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-outer-title{padding:0 0.4em 0.2em;font-size:125%;line-height:1.2em;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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.sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:720px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile plainlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><div style="margin: -0.2em 0; font-size:70%; font-weight:normal;">Sebahagian daripada <a href="/wiki/Kategori:Sejarah_Malaysia" title="Kategori:Sejarah Malaysia"><b> siri</b></a> tentang</div></th> </tr><tr> <th class="vcard navbox-title" style="background: none; font-size: 145%;padding: 0.15em 0.1em;line-height: 1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Sejarah_Malaysia" title="Sejarah Malaysia">Sejarah <span class="fn org label">Malaysia</span></a></th> </tr><tr><td style="padding: 0.2em; border-bottom: 1px solid #ccc;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sejarah_Malaysia" title="Kemerdekaan Malaya dan proklamasi penggabungan Borneo Utara dan Sarawak bagi membentuk Malaysia."><img alt="Kemerdekaan Malaya dan proklamasi penggabungan Borneo Utara dan Sarawak bagi membentuk Malaysia." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Malaysian_History.png/260px-Malaysian_History.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Malaysian_History.png/390px-Malaysian_History.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Malaysian_History.png/520px-Malaysian_History.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-bottom:0.5em; padding-top:0.5em;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">Prasejarah Malaysia</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Prasejarah_Malaysia" title="Prasejarah Malaysia">Prasejarah Malaysia</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 100&#8211;kurun-6</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">Kerajaan awal</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Chih_Tu" title="Chih Tu">Chih Tu</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> kurun-2&#8211;7</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Gangga_Negara" title="Gangga Negara">Gangga Negara</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> kurun-1&#8211;11</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Langkasuka" title="Langkasuka">Langkasuka</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> kurun-1&#8211;15</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Pan_Pan" title="Pan Pan">Pan Pan</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> kurun-3&#8211;5</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kedah_Tua" title="Kedah Tua">Kedah Tua</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> kurun-4&#8211;12</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Pahang_Tua" title="Pahang Tua">Pahang Tua</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> kurun-5&#8211;15</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kerajaan_Melayu_Jambi" class="mw-redirect" title="Kerajaan Melayu Jambi">Melayu Jambi</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> kurun-6</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Klang_Kio" title="Klang Kio">Kota Gelanggi</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> kurun-7&#8211;9</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Srivijaya" title="Srivijaya">Srivijaya</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 650-1377</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Majapahit" title="Majapahit">Majapahit</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1293-1500</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">Kemunculan Kesultanan Islam</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kesultanan_Kedah" title="Kesultanan Kedah">Kesultanan Kedah</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1136–sekarang</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Sultan_Kelantan" title="Sultan Kelantan">Sultan Kelantan</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1267-sekarang</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Sejarah_Brunei#Sejarah_awal_Brunei" title="Sejarah Brunei">Kesultanan Brunei</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1363–sekarang</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kesultanan_Melaka" class="mw-redirect" title="Kesultanan Melaka">Kesultanan Melaka</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1402–1511</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kesultanan_Sulu" title="Kesultanan Sulu">Kesultanan Sulu</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1450–1899</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Sultan_Pahang" title="Sultan Pahang">Kesultanan Pahang</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1470-sekarang</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kesultanan_Perak" class="mw-redirect" title="Kesultanan Perak">Kesultanan Perak</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1528–sekarang</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Sultan_Terengganu" title="Sultan Terengganu">Kesultanan Terengganu</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1725-sekarang</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Sultan_Selangor" title="Sultan Selangor">Kesultanan Selangor</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1743-sekarang</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Negeri_Sembilan" title="Negeri Sembilan">Negeri Sembilan</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1773-sekarang</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Raja_Perlis" title="Raja Perlis">Kerajaan Perlis</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1843-sekarang</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">Era Penjajahan Barat</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Sejarah_Melaka#Pemerintahan_Portugis" title="Sejarah Melaka">Serangan Portugis</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1511&#8211;1641</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Melaka_Belanda" title="Melaka Belanda">Melaka Belanda</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1641&#8211;1825</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Perjanjian_Inggeris-Belanda_1824" title="Perjanjian Inggeris-Belanda 1824">Perjanjian Inggeris-Belanda</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1824</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Perjanjian_Burney" title="Perjanjian Burney">Perjanjian Burney</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1826</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Negeri-Negeri_Selat" title="Negeri-Negeri Selat">Negeri-Negeri Selat</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1826-1946</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Negeri-negeri_Melayu_Tidak_Bersekutu" title="Negeri-negeri Melayu Tidak Bersekutu">Negeri-negeri Melayu Tidak Bersekutu</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1826 -1946</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Tanah_Melayu_British" title="Tanah Melayu British">Tanah Melayu British</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1826-1957</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Borneo_British" title="Borneo British">Borneo British</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1841-1963</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Raja_Putih_Sarawak" title="Raja Putih Sarawak">Raja Putih Sarawak</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1841-1946</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Perang_Kelang" title="Perang Kelang">Perang Kelang</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1867-1874</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Perjanjian_Pangkor" title="Perjanjian Pangkor">Perjanjian Pangkor</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1874</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Negeri-negeri_Melayu_Bersekutu" title="Negeri-negeri Melayu Bersekutu">Negeri-negeri Melayu Bersekutu</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1895-1946</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Perjanjian_Inggeris-Siam_1909" title="Perjanjian Inggeris-Siam 1909">Perjanjian Inggeris-Siam</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1909</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Pertempuran_Pulau_Pinang" title="Pertempuran Pulau Pinang">Pertempuran Pulau Pinang</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1914</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title"><a href="/wiki/Perang_Dunia_Kedua" title="Perang Dunia Kedua">Perang Dunia Kedua</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Perang_Tanah_Melayu" class="mw-redirect" title="Perang Tanah Melayu">Perang Tanah Melayu</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1941-1942</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Penjajahan_Jepun_di_Tanah_Melayu" class="mw-redirect" title="Penjajahan Jepun di Tanah Melayu">Penjajahan Jepun di Tanah Melayu</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1941-1945</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Pendudukan_Jepun_di_Borneo_British" title="Pendudukan Jepun di Borneo British">Penjajahan Jepun di Pulau Borneo</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1941-1945</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pendudukan_Jepun_di_Tanah_Melayu,_Borneo_Utara_dan_Sarawak&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pendudukan Jepun di Tanah Melayu, Borneo Utara dan Sarawak (laman tidak wujud)">Pendudukan Jepun</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1941-1945</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Pertempuran_Muar" title="Pertempuran Muar">Pertempuran Muar</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1942</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Pembunuhan_beramai-ramai_di_Parit_Sulong" title="Pembunuhan beramai-ramai di Parit Sulong">Tragedi Parit Sulong</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1942</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Perang_Singapura" class="mw-redirect" title="Perang Singapura">Pertempuran Singapura</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1942</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Pembunuhan_beramai-ramai_Sook_Ching" title="Pembunuhan beramai-ramai Sook Ching">Pembunuhan beramai-ramai Sook Ching</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1942</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Syburi" title="Syburi">Syburi</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1942-1945</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Pemberontakan_Jesselton" title="Pemberontakan Jesselton">Pemberontakan Jesselton</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1943-1944</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kawat_Kematian_Sandakan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kawat Kematian Sandakan">Kawat Kematian Sandakan</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1943-1945</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">Peralihan Malaysia</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Pentadbiran_Tentera_British_(Tanah_Melayu)" title="Pentadbiran Tentera British (Tanah Melayu)">Pentadbiran Tentera British di Tanah Melayu</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1945-1946</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Tanah_Jajahan_Mahkota_British_Borneo_Utara" title="Tanah Jajahan Mahkota British Borneo Utara">Tanah Jajahan Mahkota British Borneo Utara</a>&amp;<a href="/wiki/Tanah_Jajahan_Mahkota_Sarawak" title="Tanah Jajahan Mahkota Sarawak">Sarawak</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1946-1963</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Malayan_Union" title="Malayan Union">Malayan Union</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1946-1948</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Persekutuan_Tanah_Melayu" title="Persekutuan Tanah Melayu">Persekutuan Tanah Melayu</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1948-1963</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Darurat_Tanah_Melayu" title="Darurat Tanah Melayu">Darurat Tanah Melayu</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1948-1960</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Rundingan_Baling" class="mw-redirect" title="Rundingan Baling">Rundingan Baling</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1955</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Pemasyhuran_Kemerdekaan_Tanah_Melayu" title="Pemasyhuran Kemerdekaan Tanah Melayu">Kemerdekaan Tanah Melayu</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1957</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Hari_Kebangsaan_Malaysia" title="Hari Kebangsaan Malaysia">Hari Kebangsaan Malaysia</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1957</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Pemberontakan_Komunis_di_Sarawak" title="Pemberontakan Komunis di Sarawak">Pemberontakan Komunis di Sarawak</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1962-1990</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Konfrontasi_Indonesia-Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Konfrontasi Indonesia-Malaysia">Konfrontasi</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1962-1966</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Pemberontakan_Brunei" title="Pemberontakan Brunei">Pemberontakan Brunei</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1962-1966</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Perjanjian_Malaysia" title="Perjanjian Malaysia">Perjanjian Malaysia</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1963</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Hari_Kemerdekaan_Sarawak" title="Hari Kemerdekaan Sarawak">Hari Kemerdekaan Sarawak</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1963</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Hari_Pemerintahan_Sendiri_Borneo_Utara" title="Hari Pemerintahan Sendiri Borneo Utara">Hari Pemerintahan Sendiri Borneo Utara</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1963</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Proses_Pembentukan_Persekutuan_Malaysia_1963" class="mw-redirect" title="Proses Pembentukan Persekutuan Malaysia 1963">Pembentukan Malaysia</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1963</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Hari_Malaysia" title="Hari Malaysia">Hari Malaysia</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1963</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Singapura_dalam_Malaysia" title="Singapura dalam Malaysia">Singapura dalam Malaysia</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1963-1965</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Pemisahan_Singapura_daripada_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Pemisahan Singapura daripada Malaysia">Pemisahan Singapura</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1965</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Deklarasi_ASEAN" title="Deklarasi ASEAN">Deklarasi ASEAN</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1967</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Pemberontakan_Komunis_(1968-1989)" title="Pemberontakan Komunis (1968-1989)">Pemberontakan Komunis</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1968-1989</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Peristiwa_13_Mei" title="Peristiwa 13 Mei">Peristiwa 13 Mei</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1969</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Majlis_Gerakan_Negara" title="Majlis Gerakan Negara">MAGERAN</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1969-1971</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Rukun_Negara" title="Rukun Negara">Pembentukan Rukun Negara</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1970</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Dasar_Ekonomi_Baru" title="Dasar Ekonomi Baru">Dasar Ekonomi Baru</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1971-1990</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Peristiwa_Memali_1985" title="Peristiwa Memali 1985">Peristiwa Memali</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1985</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Rundingan_Damai_Haadyai_1989" title="Rundingan Damai Haadyai 1989">Rundingan Damai Haadyai</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1989</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">Malaysia Moden</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Krisis_Perlembagaan_Malaysia_1988" title="Krisis Perlembagaan Malaysia 1988">Krisis Perlembagaan Malaysia</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1987-1988</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Dasar_Pembangunan_Nasional" title="Dasar Pembangunan Nasional">Dasar Pembangunan Nasional</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1990-2000</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Wawasan_2020" title="Wawasan 2020">Wawasan 2020</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1991-2020</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/1Malaysia" title="1Malaysia">Gagasan 1Malaysia</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">2009-2018</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Wawasan_Kemakmuran_Bersama_2030" title="Wawasan Kemakmuran Bersama 2030">Wawasan Kemakmuran Bersama 2030</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">2019-2020</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kemelut_politik_Malaysia_2020%E2%80%932022" title="Kemelut politik Malaysia 2020–2022">Kemelut politik Malaysia</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">2020-2022</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Proklamasi_Darurat_2021" title="Proklamasi Darurat 2021">Proklamasi Darurat</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">2021</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Keluarga_Malaysia" title="Keluarga Malaysia">Gagasan Keluarga Malaysia</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">2021-2023</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Pilihan_raya_umum_Malaysia_2022" title="Pilihan raya umum Malaysia 2022">Pilihan raya umum Malaysia 2022</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2022</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Gelombang_hijau" title="Gelombang hijau">Gelombang Hijau</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2022-kini</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Malaysia_Madani" title="Malaysia Madani">Dasar Malaysia Madani</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2023-sekarang</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding:0.2em; border-top:#aaa 1px solid;"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">Parti Politik dan Pertubuhan</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Pertubuhan_Kebangsaan_Melayu_Bersatu" title="Pertubuhan Kebangsaan Melayu Bersatu">UMNO</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1946-sekarang</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Malaysian_Indian_Congress" class="mw-redirect" title="Malaysian Indian Congress">MIC</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1946-sekarang</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Persatuan_Cina_Malaysia" title="Persatuan Cina Malaysia">MCA</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1949-sekarang</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Parti_Islam_Se-Malaysia" title="Parti Islam Se-Malaysia">Parti Islam Se-Malaysia</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1951-sekarang</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Parti_Perikatan" title="Parti Perikatan">Parti Perikatan</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1952-1973</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Parti_Tindakan_Demokratik" title="Parti Tindakan Demokratik">Parti Tindakan Demokratik</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1965-sekarang</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Barisan_Nasional" title="Barisan Nasional">Barisan Nasional</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1973-sekarang</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Parti_Bersatu_Sabah" title="Parti Bersatu Sabah">Parti Bersatu Sabah</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1985-sekarang</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/BERSIH" title="BERSIH">Pertubuhan BERSIH</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">2006-sekarang</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pakatan Rakyat</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">2008-2015</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Hindraf" title="Hindraf">Pertubuhan Hindraf</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">2009-2019</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Pakatan_Harapan" title="Pakatan Harapan">Pakatan Harapan</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">2015-sekarang</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Parti_Pribumi_Bersatu_Malaysia" title="Parti Pribumi Bersatu Malaysia">Parti Pribumi Bersatu Malaysia</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">2016-sekarang</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Muafakat_Nasional" title="Muafakat Nasional">Muafakat Nasional</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">2019-2022</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Gabungan_Parti_Sarawak" title="Gabungan Parti Sarawak">Gabungan Parti Sarawak</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">2019-sekarang</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Perikatan_Nasional" title="Perikatan Nasional">Parti Perikatan Nasional</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">2020-sekarang</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Parti_Pejuang_Tanah_Air" title="Parti Pejuang Tanah Air">Parti Pejuang Tanah Air</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">2020-sekarang</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Ikatan_Demokratik_Malaysia" title="Ikatan Demokratik Malaysia">Ikatan Demokratik Malaysia</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">2020-sekarang</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">Peristiwa</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table style="width:100%;border-collapse:collapse;border-spacing:0px 0px;border:none"><tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Hartal_Tanah_Melayu_1947" title="Hartal Tanah Melayu 1947">Hartal Tanah Melayu 1947</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1947</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Gerakan_Anti-Penyerahan_Sarawak" title="Gerakan Anti-Penyerahan Sarawak">Gerakan Anti-Penyerahan Sarawak</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1946-1950</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Peristiwa_Bukit_Kepong" title="Peristiwa Bukit Kepong">Peristiwa Bukit Kepong</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1950</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Rusuhan_kaum_Singapura_1964" title="Rusuhan kaum Singapura 1964">Rusuhan kaum 1964</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1964</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Krisis_Perlembagaan_Sarawak_1966" title="Krisis Perlembagaan Sarawak 1966">Krisis Perlembagaan Sarawak</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1966</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Hartal_Pulau_Pinang_1967" title="Hartal Pulau Pinang 1967">Rusuhan Pulau Pinang</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1967</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Pertikaian_Pulau_Ligitan_dan_Sipadan" title="Pertikaian Pulau Ligitan dan Sipadan">Pertikaian Pulau Ligitan dan Sipadan</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 1969-2002</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kebangkitan_mahasiswa_Malaysia_1971-1975" title="Kebangkitan mahasiswa Malaysia 1971-1975">Kebangkitan mahasiswa Malaysia 1971-1975</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1971-1975</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Krisis_tebusan_Bangunan_AIA" title="Krisis tebusan Bangunan AIA">Krisis tebusan Bangunan AIA 1975</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1975</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Tugu_Negara" title="Tugu Negara">Peletupan Tugu Negara</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1975</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kebakaran_Kompleks_Campbell" title="Kebakaran Kompleks Campbell">Kebakaran Kompleks Campbell</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1976</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Tragedi_Double_Six" title="Tragedi Double Six">Tragedi Double Six</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1976</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Penerbangan_653_Malaysia_Airlines" title="Penerbangan 653 Malaysia Airlines">Tragedi Penerbangan MH653</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1977</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Darurat_Kelantan_1977" title="Darurat Kelantan 1977">Darurat Kelantan</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1977-1978</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kumpulan_Guthrie_Berhad" title="Kumpulan Guthrie Berhad">Dawn Raid</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1981</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Serangan_hendap_Lahad_Datu_1985" title="Serangan hendap Lahad Datu 1985">Serangan hendap Lahad Datu 1985</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1985</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Peristiwa_Memali_1985" title="Peristiwa Memali 1985">Peristiwa Memali</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1985</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Rusuhan_Sabah_1986" title="Rusuhan Sabah 1986">Rusuhan Senyap Sabah</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1986</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Operasi_Lalang" title="Operasi Lalang">Operasi Lalang</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1987</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Urusan_Mahkamah_Ming_1987" class="mw-redirect" title="Urusan Mahkamah Ming 1987">Urusan Mahkamah Ming 1987</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1987</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Keruntuhan_jambatan_terminal_feri_Sultan_Abdul_Halim" title="Keruntuhan jambatan terminal feri Sultan Abdul Halim">Tragedi Terminal Feri Sultan Abdul Halim</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1988</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kebakaran_Madrasah_Kedah_1989" title="Kebakaran Madrasah Kedah 1989">Kebakaran Madrasah Taufiqiah Al-Khairiah</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1989</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Tragedi_letupan_kilang_mercun_Bright_Sparklers" class="mw-redirect" title="Tragedi letupan kilang mercun Bright Sparklers">Tragedi letupan kilang mercun Bright Sparklers</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1991</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Pindaan_1993_kepada_Perlembagaan_Malaysia" title="Pindaan 1993 kepada Perlembagaan Malaysia">Pindaan Perlembagaan Malaysia 1993</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1993</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Tragedi_Highland_Towers" title="Tragedi Highland Towers">Tragedi Highland Towers</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1993</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Ribut_Tropika_Greg" title="Ribut Tropika Greg">Ribut Tropika Greg</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1996</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Krisis_Kewangan_Asia#Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Krisis Kewangan Asia">Krisis Kewangan Asia</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1997-1998</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Sukan_Komanwel_1998" title="Sukan Komanwel 1998">Sukan Komanwel 1998</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1998</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Reformasi_(Malaysia)" title="Reformasi (Malaysia)">Gerakan Reformasi Malaysia</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1998-sekarang</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Wabak_virus_Nipah_Malaysia_1998%E2%80%931999" title="Wabak virus Nipah Malaysia 1998–1999">Wabak virus Nipah di Malaysia</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">1998-1999</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Al-Ma%27unah" title="Al-Ma&#39;unah">Al-Ma'unah</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">2000</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Peristiwa_Kampung_Medan" title="Peristiwa Kampung Medan">Peristiwa Kampung Medan</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">2001</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kesan_gempa_bumi_Lautan_Hindi_2004_terhadap_Malaysia" title="Kesan gempa bumi Lautan Hindi 2004 terhadap Malaysia">Tsunami Malaysia 2004</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">2004</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Pembunuhan_Altantuya_Shaariibuu" title="Pembunuhan Altantuya Shaariibuu">Pembunuhan Altantuya Shaariibuu</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">2006</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Perhimpunan_Bersih_2007" title="Perhimpunan Bersih 2007">Perhimpunan Bersih 2007</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">2007</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Perhimpunan_Hindraf_2007" title="Perhimpunan Hindraf 2007">Perhimpunan Hindraf 2007</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">2007</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Gelombang_Pembangkang_Malaysia_2008" title="Gelombang Pembangkang Malaysia 2008">Gelombang Politik 2008</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">2008</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Himpunan_Anti_ISA" title="Himpunan Anti ISA">Himpunan Anti-ISA</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">2009</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Influenza_A_(H1N1)_di_Malaysia" class="mw-redirect" title="Influenza A (H1N1) di Malaysia">Pandemik H1N1 di Malaysia</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">2009-2010</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Perhimpunan_Bersih_2011" title="Perhimpunan Bersih 2011">Perhimpunan Bersih 2011</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">2011</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Perhimpunan_Bersih_2012" title="Perhimpunan Bersih 2012">Perhimpunan Bersih 2012</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">2012</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Himpunan_Kebangkitan_Rakyat_2013" title="Himpunan Kebangkitan Rakyat 2013">Himpunan Kebangkitan Rakyat 2013</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">2013</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Krisis_pencerobohan_Lahad_Datu_2013" title="Krisis pencerobohan Lahad Datu 2013">Pencerobohan Lahad Datu</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">2013</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Himpunan_Black_Out_2013" title="Himpunan Black Out 2013">Himpunan Black Out 2013</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">2013</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Krisis_politik_Selangor_2013-2014" title="Krisis politik Selangor 2013-2014">Langkah Kajang</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">2014</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Penerbangan_370_Penerbangan_Malaysia" title="Penerbangan 370 Penerbangan Malaysia">Tragedi Penerbangan MH370</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">2014</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Penerbangan_17_Penerbangan_Malaysia" title="Penerbangan 17 Penerbangan Malaysia">Tragedi Penerbangan MH17</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">2014</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Banjir_di_Malaysia_2014" class="mw-redirect" title="Banjir di Malaysia 2014">Banjir 2014-15</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">2014-2015</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Skandal_1Malaysia_Development_Berhad" title="Skandal 1Malaysia Development Berhad">Skandal 1Malaysia Development Berhad</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">2015-sekarang</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Perhimpunan_Bersih_2015" title="Perhimpunan Bersih 2015">Perhimpunan Bersih 2015</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">2015</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Gempa_bumi_Sabah_2015" title="Gempa bumi Sabah 2015">Gempa bumi Sabah 2015</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">2015</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Deklarasi_Rakyat" title="Deklarasi Rakyat">Deklarasi Rakyat</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">2016</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Serangan_bom_tangan_Movida_Bar_2016" title="Serangan bom tangan Movida Bar 2016">Serangan bom tangan Movida Bar</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">2016</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Perhimpunan_Bersih_2016" title="Perhimpunan Bersih 2016">Perhimpunan Bersih 2016</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">2016</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Pembunuhan_Kim_Jong-nam" title="Pembunuhan Kim Jong-nam">Pembunuhan Kim Jong-nam</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">2017</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kebakaran_Darul_Quran_Ittifaqiyah_2017" title="Kebakaran Darul Quran Ittifaqiyah 2017">Kebakaran Pusat Tahfiz Darul Quran Ittifaqiyah</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">2017</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Pilihan_raya_umum_Malaysia_2018" title="Pilihan raya umum Malaysia 2018">PRU-14 - Peralihan kerajaan</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">2018</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> Protes terhadap <a href="/wiki/Konvensyen_Antarabangsa_Penghapusan_Diskriminasi_Kaum" title="Konvensyen Antarabangsa Penghapusan Diskriminasi Kaum">ICERD</a> di Malaysia</td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">2018</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Rusuhan_Kuil_Sri_Maha_Mariamman" title="Rusuhan Kuil Sri Maha Mariamman">Rusuhan Kuil Sri Maha Mariamman</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">2018</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Perhimpunan_812" title="Perhimpunan 812">Perhimpunan Anti-ICERD</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">2018</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Pandemik_COVID-19_di_Malaysia" title="Pandemik COVID-19 di Malaysia">Pandemik COVID-19 di Malaysia</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">2020-2022</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Perintah_Kawalan_Pergerakan_Malaysia_2020" class="mw-redirect" title="Perintah Kawalan Pergerakan Malaysia 2020">Perintah Kawalan Pergerakan Malaysia</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">2020-2021</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Program_Imunisasi_COVID-19_Kebangsaan_(Malaysia)" title="Program Imunisasi COVID-19 Kebangsaan (Malaysia)">Program Imunisasi COVID-19 Kebangsaan</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">2021-2022</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Perlanggaran_LRT_Kelana_Jaya_2021" title="Perlanggaran LRT Kelana Jaya 2021">Kemalangan LRT Kelana Jaya 2021</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">2021</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Hartal_Doktor_Kontrak" title="Hartal Doktor Kontrak">Hartal Doktor Kontrak</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">2021</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Banjir_Malaysia_2021%E2%80%932022" title="Banjir Malaysia 2021–2022">Banjir 2021-22</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;">2021-2022</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Tanah_runtuh_Batang_Kali_2022" title="Tanah runtuh Batang Kali 2022">Tanah runtuh Batang Kali 2022</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2022</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kemalangan_pesawat_Elmina" title="Kemalangan pesawat Elmina">Tragedi pesawat Elmina</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2023</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Kemalangan_helikopter_Lumut_2024" title="Kemalangan helikopter Lumut 2024">Tragedi helikopter Angkatan Laut Kerajaan Malaysia Lumut 2024</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2024</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td style="text-align:left;"> <a href="/wiki/Serangan_balai_polis_Ulu_Tiram_2024" title="Serangan balai polis Ulu Tiram 2024">Serangan balai polis Ulu Tiram 2024</a></td><td style="white-space:nowrap;text-align:right;"> 2024</td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title">Mengikut topik</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Darurat_di_Malaysia" title="Darurat di Malaysia">Darurat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sejarah_ekonomi_di_Malaysia" title="Sejarah ekonomi di Malaysia">Ekonomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sejarah_komunikasi_di_Malaysia" title="Sejarah komunikasi di Malaysia">Komunikasi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sejarah_ketenteraan_di_Malaysia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" 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Inggeris</a>: <i lang="en">People's Pact</i><span class="lang-comment" style="font-style: normal; display: none; color: #33aa33; margin-left: 0.3em;">code: en is deprecated </span>) merupakan satu perikatan parti politik Malaysia. Perikatan ini terdiri daripada <a href="/wiki/Parti_Keadilan_Rakyat" title="Parti Keadilan Rakyat">Parti Keadilan Rakyat</a>-<a href="/wiki/Parti_Tindakan_Demokratik" title="Parti Tindakan Demokratik">Parti Tindakan Demokratik</a>-<a href="/wiki/Parti_Islam_Se-Malaysia" title="Parti Islam Se-Malaysia">Parti Islam Se-Malaysia</a> (PKR-DAP-PAS)<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> yang merupakan pihak pembangkang dalam <a href="/wiki/Parlimen_Malaysia" title="Parlimen Malaysia">Parlimen Malaysia</a> yang mula diumumkan pada 1 April 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Presiden PKR, <a href="/wiki/Wan_Azizah_Wan_Ismail" title="Wan Azizah Wan Ismail">Datuk Seri Wan Azizah Wan Ismail</a> merupakan Ketua Pembangkang sebelum ini, namun kemudiannya digantikan oleh suaminya, Datuk Seri <a href="/wiki/Anwar_Ibrahim" title="Anwar Ibrahim">Anwar Ibrahim</a>, selepas beliau memenangi pilihan raya Permatang Pauh pada tahun 2008. Pakatan Rakyat menggantikan <a href="/wiki/Gagasan_Rakyat" title="Gagasan Rakyat">Gagasan Rakyat</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Barisan_Alternatif" title="Barisan Alternatif">Barisan Alternatif</a> yang digunakan sebelum ini.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Kewujudan pakatan ini dipertikaikan kerana DAP mengisytiharkan ia tidak lagi wujud pada 16 Jun 2015 kerana DAP tidak dapat bekerjasama dengan PAS. Namun, PAS pula menegaskan pakatan ini masih wujud tetapi hanya di antara PAS dan PKR. Pakatan ini dikatakan diganti dengan <a href="/wiki/Pakatan_Harapan" title="Pakatan Harapan">Pakatan Harapan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sejarah">Sejarah</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakatan_Rakyat&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Sunting bahagian: Sejarah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakatan_Rakyat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Sejarah"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Pakatan_rakyat_logo_dan_bendera.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ms/thumb/a/aa/Pakatan_rakyat_logo_dan_bendera.png/220px-Pakatan_rakyat_logo_dan_bendera.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ms/thumb/a/aa/Pakatan_rakyat_logo_dan_bendera.png/330px-Pakatan_rakyat_logo_dan_bendera.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/ms/thumb/a/aa/Pakatan_rakyat_logo_dan_bendera.png/440px-Pakatan_rakyat_logo_dan_bendera.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="200" /></a><figcaption>kerjasama antara parti PKR-PAS-DAP</figcaption></figure> <p>Pembentukan Pakatan Rakyat diumumkan pada 1 April 2008 berikutan mesyuarat antara pihak ketiga-tiga parti di <a href="/wiki/Petaling_Jaya" title="Petaling Jaya">Petaling Jaya</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bharian1_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bharian1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Dalam <a href="/wiki/Pilihan_Raya_Umum_Malaysia_2008" class="mw-redirect" title="Pilihan Raya Umum Malaysia 2008">pilihan raya umum 2008</a>, gabungan tidak formal PKR-PAS-DAP yang membentuk Barisan Rakyat<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> berjaya memenangi 82 daripada 222 kerusi dalam <a href="/wiki/Parlimen_Malaysia" title="Parlimen Malaysia">Parlimen Malaysia</a>, dan berjaya menafikan majoriti dua per tiga kerusi yang dipegang <a href="/wiki/Barisan_Nasional" title="Barisan Nasional">Barisan Nasional</a> (BN) sejak kemerdekaan negara itu. Momentum ini dikekalkan dalam <a href="/wiki/Pilihan_Raya_Umum_Malaysia_2013" class="mw-redirect" title="Pilihan Raya Umum Malaysia 2013">Pilihan Raya Umum Malaysia 2013</a> apabila meningkatkan jumlah kerusi dari 82 ke 89 daripada 222 kerusi. </p><p>Pakatan membentuk Kerajaan Negeri di <a href="/wiki/Pulau_Pinang" title="Pulau Pinang">Pulau Pinang</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Selangor" title="Selangor">Selangor</a>. Manakala di <a href="/wiki/Kelantan" title="Kelantan">Kelantan</a>, Pakatan mengekalkan Kerajaan Negeri.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Proses membuat keputusan serta menetapkan dasar perikatan Pakatan Rakyat dikendalikan oleh satu Majlis Pimpinan dan Sekretariat Bersama. Datuk Seri Anwar Ibrahim merupakan Ketua Umum dan Pengerusi Majlis Pimpinan.<sup id="cite_ref-bharian1_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bharian1-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pakatan Rakyat berikrar akan memperjuangkan hak dan kebajikan semua rakyat tanpa mengira kaum seperti yang termaktub dalam <a href="/wiki/Perlembagaan_Malaysia" title="Perlembagaan Malaysia">Perlembagaan Malaysia</a>. Pakatan Rakyat akan mewujudkan Majlis Pimpinan yang terdiri daripada ketua ketiga-tiga parti, satu Sekretariat Bersama yang akan diwakili oleh tiga pimpinan daripada setiap parti. Sekretariat Bersama ini telah ditugaskan untuk membina asas dan kerangka Pakatan untuk disahkan oleh Majlis Pimpinan nanti.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pada April 2010, <a href="/wiki/Parti_Kebangsaan_Sarawak" title="Parti Kebangsaan Sarawak">Parti Kebangsaan Sarawak</a> (SNAP) telah menyertai gabungan ini menjelang pilihan raya kecil kawasan parlimen <a href="/wiki/Sibu" title="Sibu">Sibu</a> yang diadakan pada 16 Mei 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Namun ia hanya berkekalan selama setahun.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Zaid telah mengeluarkan satu kenyataan mengenai ideologi Pakatan Rakyat, menyatakan bahawa dalam kerajaan, ia akan memperkenalkan undang-undang anti-diskriminasi, menubuhkan jaring keselamatan sosial, mewujudkan dasar pendidikan baru yang bertujuan untuk menghasilkan graduan yang kompetitif, terutamanya di kalangan orang Melayu dan <a href="/wiki/Bumiputra" class="mw-redirect" title="Bumiputra">Bumiputra</a>, memansuhkan <a href="/wiki/Akta_Keselamatan_Dalam_Negeri" class="mw-disambig" title="Akta Keselamatan Dalam Negeri">Akta Keselamatan Dalam Negeri</a> dan Akta Pencetakan dan Penerbitan, meminda Akta Rahsia Rasmi dan <a href="/wiki/Akta_Hasutan_1948" title="Akta Hasutan 1948">Akta Hasutan</a> untuk menghadkan kuasa kerajaan, dan pembaharuan institusi penguatkuasa undang-undang seperti mahkamah, <a href="/wiki/Polis_Diraja_Malaysia" title="Polis Diraja Malaysia">Polis Diraja Malaysia</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Suruhanjaya_Pencegahan_Rasuah_Malaysia" title="Suruhanjaya Pencegahan Rasuah Malaysia">Suruhanjaya Pencegahan Rasuah Malaysia</a>. Zaid juga mengatakan bahawa undang-undang anti diskriminasi yang dicadangkan tidak akan memerlukan pemansuhan atau pindaan <a href="/wiki/Perkara_153_Perlembagaan_Malaysia" title="Perkara 153 Perlembagaan Malaysia">Perkara 153 Perlembagaan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Zaid juga meminta Dato’ Nik Aziz untuk menjadi pengerusi Pakatan Rakyat dan bukannya <a href="/wiki/Anwar_Ibrahim" title="Anwar Ibrahim">Anwar Ibrahim</a> (PKR) atau Hadi Awang (PAS). Pada November 2010, selepas cuti selama enam bulan dari PKR atas alasan yang tidak didedahkan, Zaid Ibrahim keluar dari PKR, menyebabkan Gabungan Rakyat kekal sebagai gabungan tidak rasmi. </p><p>Pada pilihan raya umum 2013 (Pilihan Raya Umum ke-13), Pakatan Rakyat yang masih tidak berdaftar memenangi majoriti popular di seluruh negara, tetapi disebabkan oleh banyak variasi dalam jumlah pemilih di kerusi parlimen yang berbeza, kalah kepada Barisan Nasional, yang memenangi 133 daripada 222 kerusi persekutuan dan 275 daripada 505 kerusi negeri.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pada 16 Jun 2015 Setiausaha Agung DAP <a href="/wiki/Lim_Guan_Eng" title="Lim Guan Eng">Lim Guan Eng</a> dalam satu kenyataan kepada media mengumumkan bahawa Pakatan Rakyat tidak lagi wujud. Penasihat DAP <a href="/wiki/Lim_Kit_Siang" title="Lim Kit Siang">Lim Kit Siang</a> berkata tindakan parti itu untuk mengenali realiti politik semasa. Beliau menambah terdapat keperluan untuk gabungan politik baru berdasarkan prinsip, dan bukannya kuasa.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>Perkara ini disebabkan oleh ketidakfahaman agenda politik yang dibawa oleh PAS dan DAP yang menyebabkan perbalahan dalam gabungan ini </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dasar">Dasar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakatan_Rakyat&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Sunting bahagian: Dasar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakatan_Rakyat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Dasar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5614044">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Rencana utama: <a href="/wiki/Buku_Jingga" title="Buku Jingga">Buku Jingga</a></div> <p>Dasar rangka kerja Pakatan Rakyat adalah: </p> <ul><li>Demokrasi telus dan tulen</li></ul> <ol><li>Negara berperlembagaan dan kedaulatan undang-undang</li> <li>Pengasingan kuasa</li> <li>Sistem pilihan raya yang bebas, bersih dan adil</li></ol> <ul><li>Memacu prestasi tinggi, mampan, dan ekonomi yang saksama</li></ul> <ol><li>Ekonomi berkemahiran tinggi</li> <li>Pengentalan dan pemberdayaan pengurusan ekonomi negeri</li> <li>Dasar afirmatif berdasarkan keperluan</li> <li>Buruh</li> <li>Rangkaian perlindungan sosial</li> <li>Perumahan</li> <li>Infrastruktur dan kemudahan awam</li> <li>Alam Sekitar</li></ol> <ul><li>Keadilan sosial dan pembangunan manusia</li></ul> <ol><li>Perpaduan dan keadilan sosial</li> <li>Agama</li> <li>Pendidikan</li> <li>Wanita dan institusi keluarga</li> <li>Pemuda</li> <li>Keselamatan</li> <li>Kesihatan</li> <li>Budaya</li></ol> <ul><li>Hubungan Persekutuan dan Dasar Luar Negara</li></ul> <ol><li>Sistem Persekutuan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabah" title="Sabah">Sabah</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Sarawak" title="Sarawak">Sarawak</a></li> <li>Dasar luar</li></ol> <p>Pakatan Rakyat meneruskan dasar mereka menerusi pengenalan "Buku Jingga", juga dikenali sebagai <a href="/wiki/Buku_Jingga" title="Buku Jingga">Buku Jingga</a>, yang menggariskan dasar bersama Pakatan. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Belanjawan_alternatif">Belanjawan alternatif</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakatan_Rakyat&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Sunting bahagian: Belanjawan alternatif" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakatan_Rakyat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Belanjawan alternatif"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt>Mengikut tahun (versi bahasa Melayu)</dt></dl> <p><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rafiziramli.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/RINGKASAN-BELANJAWAN-PAKATAN-RAKYAT-2012.pdf">2012</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fuziahsalleh.my/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Belanjawan-Pakatan-Rakyat-2013-BM.pdf">2013</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dapmalaysia.org/repository/Pakatan_Rakyat_Belanjawan_2014-BM.pdf">2014</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B_cdZuv25-4EdXZSR1o0ZC1JUjA/view?pli=1">2015</a> </p> <dl><dt>Mengikut tahun (versi bahasa Inggeris)</dt></dl> <p><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rafiziramli.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/10/Pakatan-Rakyat-Shadow-Budget-2012.pdf">2012</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dapmalaysia.org/repository/Belanjawan_2013_Pakatan_Rakyat.pdf">2013</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dapmalaysia.org/repository/Pakatan_Rakyat_Budget_2014-ENG.pdf">2014</a> · <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B_cdZuv25-4EbTF3TFNiUE5wWUE/view?pli=1">2015</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Isu-isu_utama">Isu-isu utama</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakatan_Rakyat&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Sunting bahagian: Isu-isu utama" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakatan_Rakyat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Isu-isu utama"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ideologi">Ideologi</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakatan_Rakyat&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Sunting bahagian: Ideologi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakatan_Rakyat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Ideologi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ketiga-tiga parti politik utama - PKR, PAS dan DAP - yang bergabung dalam Pakatan Rakyat mempunyai ideologi politik yang berbeza dengan DAP yang lebih ke arah <a href="/wiki/Sekularisme" title="Sekularisme">sekularisme</a> kepada PAS dengan konsep <a href="/wiki/Negara_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Negara Islam">Negara Islam</a>. PKR pula dilihat sebagai penghubung kepada kedua-dua parti PAS dan DAP. </p><p>Bagaimanapun, pemerhati berpendapat, berbeza dengan PAS dan DAP yang mempunyai ideologi yang jelas dan ahli parti yang memahami perjuangan parti masing-masing, PKR menghadapi masalah dalam menentukan ideologi teras. Ini berdasarkan kepada latar belakang pemimpin dan ahli PKR yang terdiri dari pelbagai pandangan politik daripada mereka yang berfahaman pro-pasaran bebas (<a href="/wiki/Kapitalisme" title="Kapitalisme">kapitalisme</a>) kepada golongan <a href="/wiki/Sosialisme" title="Sosialisme">sosialis</a>. </p><p>Contohnya, <a href="/wiki/Agenda_Ekonomi_Malaysia" title="Agenda Ekonomi Malaysia">Agenda Ekonomi Malaysia</a> yang mahu diperjuangkan oleh PKR nampak seperti menyokong perjanjian perdagangan bebas termasuk liberalisasi industri kewangan dan telekomunikasi negara. Tetapi di dalam PKR sendiri terdapat pemimpin dan ahli yang datang dari organisasi bukan kerajaan yang bersifat anti-kapitalis. Ahli Parlimen PKR seperti <a href="/wiki/Charles_Anthony_Santiago" title="Charles Anthony Santiago">Charles Anthony Santiago</a> (Klang dan bertanding atas tiket DAP) adalah aktivis kritikal terhadap globalisasi dan pasaran bebas sementara Dr Jeyakumar Devaraj adalah seorang sosialis dari Sungai Siput.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Negara_Islam">Negara Islam</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakatan_Rakyat&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=6" title="Sunting bahagian: Negara Islam" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakatan_Rakyat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=6" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Negara Islam"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kenyataan-kenyataan pemimpin Pakatan Rakyat mengenai negara Islam dalam media sama ada media arus perdana atau media alternatif lain menampakkan pandangan yang bercanggah. Pengerusi Kebangsaan DAP Karpal Singh misalnya amat menentang negara Islam yang diperjuangkan oleh PAS.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> PAS pula tidak boleh berkompromi dalam hal negara Islam kerana pengikutnya mendakwa objektif untuk menegakkan negara Islam terkandung dalam Fasal 5 Perlembagaan PAS. Satu komentar dalam laman web berkaitan dengan PAS Johor dilaporkan menulis amaran untuk membunuh Karpal.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Sebelum ini, Presiden PKR Wan Azizah berkata, untuk menubuhkan negara Islam dalam masyarakat berbilang kaum di Malaysia adalah satu yang tidak praktikal<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pendaftaran">Pendaftaran</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakatan_Rakyat&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=7" title="Sunting bahagian: Pendaftaran" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakatan_Rakyat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=7" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Pendaftaran"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tidak seperti <a href="/wiki/Barisan_Nasional" title="Barisan Nasional">Barisan Nasional</a> yang telah didaftarkan sebagai sebuah parti dengan pelbagai parti komponen di dalamnya, Pakatan Rakyat masih belum didaftarkan sebagai sebuah pertubuhan. Hal ini telah menjadi buah mulut di kalangan penyokong BN yang melabelkan Pakatan Rakyat sebagai "Pakatan Haram". Di antara cabaran utama mendaftarkan Pakatan Rakyat ialah menetapkan satu matlamat yang dapat dipersetujui oleh semua pihak. <a href="/wiki/DAP" class="mw-redirect" title="DAP">DAP</a> tidak mahu dilihat Islamik, manakala <a href="/wiki/PAS" class="mw-redirect" title="PAS">PAS</a> pula tidak mahu dilihat sebagai sekular. Maka gesaan untuk mendaftar Pakatan Rakyat telah diabaikan oleh pemimpin-pemimpin utama parti-parti tersebut. Di antara cabaran yang lain pula ialah untuk menentukan pembentukan jawatan kuasa Pakatan Rakyat. Kesemua parti tidak mahu dilihat berada pada kedudukan yang kurang dari lain. Hal ini akan memberikan persepsi yang tidak menyenangkan dikalangan penyokong parti-parti komponen. Sama ada Pakatan Rakyat akan terus menjadi pertubuhan tidak berdaftar terus menjadi tanda tanya. </p><p>Pakatan Rakyat telah mengemukakan permohonan pendaftarannya kepada <a href="/wiki/Pendaftar_Pertubuhan" class="mw-redirect" title="Pendaftar Pertubuhan">Pendaftar Pertubuhan</a> (ROS) pada 2010 namun menghadapi halangan ROS yang mengkehendaki ia didaftar sebagai ‘Pakatan Rakyat Malaysia’.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Senarai_parti_komponen">Senarai parti komponen</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakatan_Rakyat&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=8" title="Sunting bahagian: Senarai parti komponen" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakatan_Rakyat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=8" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Senarai parti komponen"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Ketua Umum PR: <a href="/wiki/Anwar_Ibrahim" title="Anwar Ibrahim">Anwar Ibrahim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pembangkang_(Malaysia)" title="Pembangkang (Malaysia)">Ketua Pembangkang</a>: Wan Azizah Wan Ismail</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parti_Keadilan_Rakyat_(PKR)"><span id="Parti_Keadilan_Rakyat_.28PKR.29"></span><a href="/wiki/Parti_Keadilan_Rakyat" title="Parti Keadilan Rakyat">Parti Keadilan Rakyat</a> (PKR)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakatan_Rakyat&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=9" title="Sunting bahagian: Parti Keadilan Rakyat (PKR)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakatan_Rakyat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=9" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Parti Keadilan Rakyat (PKR)"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Presiden: <a href="/wiki/Wan_Azizah_Wan_Ismail" title="Wan Azizah Wan Ismail">Wan Azizah Wan Ismail</a></li> <li>Setiausaha Agung: <a href="/wiki/Rafizi_Ramli" title="Rafizi Ramli">Rafizi Ramli</a></li> <li>Penasihat <i>de facto</i>: Anwar Ibrahim</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parti_Tindakan_Demokratik_(DAP)"><span id="Parti_Tindakan_Demokratik_.28DAP.29"></span><a href="/wiki/Parti_Tindakan_Demokratik" title="Parti Tindakan Demokratik">Parti Tindakan Demokratik</a> (DAP)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakatan_Rakyat&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=10" title="Sunting bahagian: Parti Tindakan Demokratik (DAP)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakatan_Rakyat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=10" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Parti Tindakan Demokratik (DAP)"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Setiausaha Agung: <a href="/wiki/Lim_Guan_Eng" title="Lim Guan Eng">Lim Guan Eng</a></li> <li>Pemangku Pengerusi Kebangsaan: <a href="/wiki/Tan_Kok_Wai" title="Tan Kok Wai">Tan Kok Wai</a></li> <li>Penasihat Parlimen: <a href="/wiki/Lim_Kit_Siang" title="Lim Kit Siang">Lim Kit Siang</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parti_Islam_Se-Malaysia_(PAS)"><span id="Parti_Islam_Se-Malaysia_.28PAS.29"></span><a href="/wiki/Parti_Islam_Se-Malaysia" title="Parti Islam Se-Malaysia">Parti Islam Se-Malaysia</a> (PAS)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakatan_Rakyat&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=11" title="Sunting bahagian: Parti Islam Se-Malaysia (PAS)" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakatan_Rakyat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=11" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Parti Islam Se-Malaysia (PAS)"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Presiden: Tuan Guru Dato' Seri <a href="/wiki/Abdul_Hadi_Awang" title="Abdul Hadi Awang">Abdul Hadi Awang</a></li> <li>Mursyidul Am: Tuan Guru Dato' <a href="/wiki/Haron_Din" title="Haron Din">Haron Din</a></li> <li>Setiausaha Agung: Dato' <a href="/wiki/Takiyuddin_Hassan" title="Takiyuddin Hassan">Takiyuddin Hassan</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Wakil_rakyat">Wakil rakyat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakatan_Rakyat&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=12" title="Sunting bahagian: Wakil rakyat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakatan_Rakyat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=12" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Wakil rakyat"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dewan_Negara_Malaysia"><a href="/wiki/Dewan_Negara_Malaysia" title="Dewan Negara Malaysia">Dewan Negara Malaysia</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakatan_Rakyat&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=13" title="Sunting bahagian: Dewan Negara Malaysia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakatan_Rakyat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=13" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Dewan Negara Malaysia"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Kelantan" title="Kelantan">Kelantan</a></b> 1. Johari Mat (PAS) 2. Khairiah Mohamed (PAS) </p><p><b><a href="/wiki/Pulau_Pinang" title="Pulau Pinang">Pulau Pinang</a></b> 1. Ariffin Omar (DAP) 2. Syed Shahir Syed Mohamud (PKR) </p><p><b><a href="/wiki/Selangor" title="Selangor">Selangor</a></b> 1. Syed Husin Ali (PKR) 2. Chandra Mohan S. Thambirajah (DAP) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dewan_Rakyat_Malaysia"><a href="/wiki/Dewan_Rakyat_Malaysia" title="Dewan Rakyat Malaysia">Dewan Rakyat Malaysia</a></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakatan_Rakyat&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=14" title="Sunting bahagian: Dewan Rakyat Malaysia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakatan_Rakyat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=14" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Dewan Rakyat Malaysia"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kedah_Darul_Aman"><a href="/wiki/Kedah_Darul_Aman" class="mw-redirect" title="Kedah Darul Aman">Kedah Darul Aman</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakatan_Rakyat&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=15" title="Sunting bahagian: Kedah Darul Aman" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakatan_Rakyat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=15" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Kedah Darul Aman"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>P008 – <a href="/wiki/Pokok_Sena,_Kedah" title="Pokok Sena, Kedah">Pokok Sena</a> – Mahfuz Omar (PAS)</li> <li>P009 – <a href="/wiki/Alor_Setar" title="Alor Setar">Alor Setar</a> – Gooi Hsiao Leung (PKR)</li> <li>P010 – <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Kedah" title="Kuala Kedah">Kuala Kedah</a> – Azman Ismail (PKR)</li> <li>P015 – <a href="/wiki/Sungai_Petani" title="Sungai Petani">Sungai Petani</a> – Johari Abdul (PKR)</li> <li>P017 – <a href="/wiki/Padang_Serai,_Kulim" title="Padang Serai, Kulim">Padang Serai</a> – Surendran Nagarajan (PKR)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kelantan_Darul_Niam"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kelantan_Darul_Niam&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Kelantan Darul Niam (laman tidak wujud)">Kelantan Darul Niam</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakatan_Rakyat&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=16" title="Sunting bahagian: Kelantan Darul Niam" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakatan_Rakyat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=16" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Kelantan Darul Niam"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>P019 – <a href="/wiki/Tumpat" class="mw-redirect" title="Tumpat">Tumpat</a> – Kamaruddin Jaffar (PAS)</li> <li>P020 – <a href="/wiki/Pengkalan_Chepa" title="Pengkalan Chepa">Pengkalan Chepa</a> – Izani Husin (PAS)</li> <li>P021 – <a href="/wiki/Kota_Bharu" title="Kota Bharu">Kota Bharu</a> – Takiyuddin Hassan (PAS)</li> <li>P022 – <a href="/wiki/Pasir_Mas" class="mw-redirect" title="Pasir Mas">Pasir Mas</a> – Nik Mohamad Abduh Nik Abdul Aziz (PAS)</li> <li>P023 – <a href="/wiki/Rantau_Panjang" title="Rantau Panjang">Rantau Panjang</a> – Siti Zailah Mohd Yusoff (PAS)</li> <li>P024 – <a href="/wiki/Kubang_Kerian" title="Kubang Kerian">Kubang Kerian</a> – Ahmad Baihaki Atiqullah (PAS)</li> <li>P025 – <a href="/wiki/Bachok" class="mw-redirect" title="Bachok">Bachok</a> – Ahmad Marzuk Shaary (PAS)</li> <li>P028 – <a href="/wiki/Pasir_Puteh,_Kelantan" class="mw-redirect" title="Pasir Puteh, Kelantan">Pasir Puteh</a> – Nik Mazian Nik Mohamad (PAS)</li> <li>P031 – <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Krai" class="mw-redirect" title="Kuala Krai">Kuala Krai</a> – Mohd Hatta Ramli (PAS)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Terengganu_Darul_Iman"><a href="/wiki/Terengganu_Darul_Iman" class="mw-redirect" title="Terengganu Darul Iman">Terengganu Darul Iman</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakatan_Rakyat&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=17" title="Sunting bahagian: Terengganu Darul Iman" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakatan_Rakyat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=17" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Terengganu Darul Iman"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>P035 – <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Nerus" title="Kuala Nerus">Kuala Nerus</a> – Mohd Khairuddin Aman Razali (PAS)</li> <li>P036 – <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Terengganu" title="Kuala Terengganu">Kuala Terengganu</a> – Raja Kamarul Bahrin Shah (PAS)</li> <li>P037 – <a href="/wiki/Marang" title="Marang">Marang</a> – Abdul Hadi Awang (PAS)</li> <li>P039 – <a href="/wiki/Dungun" title="Dungun">Dungun</a> – Wan Hassan Mohd Ramli (PAS)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pulau_Pinang_Pulau_Mutiara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pulau_Pinang_Pulau_Mutiara&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Pulau Pinang Pulau Mutiara (laman tidak wujud)">Pulau Pinang Pulau Mutiara</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakatan_Rakyat&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=18" title="Sunting bahagian: Pulau Pinang Pulau Mutiara" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakatan_Rakyat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=18" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Pulau Pinang Pulau Mutiara"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>P043 – <a href="/wiki/Bagan" class="mw-redirect" title="Bagan">Bagan</a> – Lim Guan Eng (DAP)</li> <li>P044 - <a href="/wiki/Permatang_Pauh" title="Permatang Pauh">Permatang Pauh</a> - Dr. Wan Azizah Wan Ismail (PKR)</li> <li>P045 – <a href="/wiki/Bukit_Mertajam" title="Bukit Mertajam">Bukit Mertajam</a> – Steven Sim Chee Kiong (DAP)</li> <li>P046 – <a href="/wiki/Batu_Kawan" title="Batu Kawan">Batu Kawan</a> – Kasthuriranni Patto (DAP)</li> <li>P047 – <a href="/wiki/Nibong_Tebal" title="Nibong Tebal">Nibong Tebal</a> – Mansor Othman (PKR)</li> <li>P048 – <a href="/wiki/Bukit_Bendera" title="Bukit Bendera">Bukit Bendera</a> – Zairil Khir Johari (DAP)</li> <li>P049 – <a href="/wiki/Tanjong,_Pulau_Pinang" class="mw-redirect" title="Tanjong, Pulau Pinang">Tanjong</a> – Ng Wei Aik (DAP)</li> <li>P050 – <a href="/wiki/Jelutong" title="Jelutong">Jelutong</a> – Jeff Ooi Chuan Aun (DAP)</li> <li>P051 – <a href="/wiki/Bukit_Gelugor" title="Bukit Gelugor">Bukit Gelugor</a> – Ramkarpal Singh (DAP)</li> <li>P052 – <a href="/wiki/Bayan_Baru" title="Bayan Baru">Bayan Baru</a> – Sim Tze Tzin (PKR)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Perak_Darul_Ridzuan"><a href="/wiki/Perak_Darul_Ridzuan" class="mw-redirect" title="Perak Darul Ridzuan">Perak Darul Ridzuan</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakatan_Rakyat&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=19" title="Sunting bahagian: Perak Darul Ridzuan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakatan_Rakyat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=19" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Perak Darul Ridzuan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>P057 – <a href="/wiki/Parit_Buntar_(kawasan_persekutuan)" title="Parit Buntar (kawasan persekutuan)">Parit Buntar</a> – Mujahid Yusof Rawa (PAS)</li> <li>P059 – <a href="/wiki/Bukit_Gantang_(kawasan_persekutuan)" title="Bukit Gantang (kawasan persekutuan)">Bukit Gantang</a> – Idris Ahmad (PAS)</li> <li>P060 – <a href="/wiki/Taiping_(kawasan_persekutuan)" title="Taiping (kawasan persekutuan)">Taiping</a> – Nga Kor Ming (DAP)</li> <li>P062 – <a href="/wiki/Sungai_Siput_(kawasan_persekutuan)" title="Sungai Siput (kawasan persekutuan)">Sungai Siput</a> – Michael Jeyakumar Devaraj (PKR/PSM)</li> <li>P064 – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ipoh_Timur_(kawasan_persekutuan)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ipoh Timur (kawasan persekutuan) (laman tidak wujud)">Ipoh Timur</a> – Su Keong Siong (DAP)</li> <li>P065 – <a href="/wiki/Ipoh_Barat_(kawasan_persekutuan)" title="Ipoh Barat (kawasan persekutuan)">Ipoh Barat</a> – Kulasegaran Murugeson (DAP)</li> <li>P066 – <a href="/wiki/Batu_Gajah_(kawasan_persekutuan)" title="Batu Gajah (kawasan persekutuan)">Batu Gajah</a> – Sivakumar Varatharaju Naidu (DAP)</li> <li>P068 – <a href="/wiki/Beruas_(kawasan_persekutuan)" title="Beruas (kawasan persekutuan)">Beruas</a> – Ngeh Koo Ham (DAP)</li> <li>P070 – <a href="/wiki/Kampar_(kawasan_persekutuan)" title="Kampar (kawasan persekutuan)">Kampar</a> – Ko Chung Sen (DAP)</li> <li>P071 – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gopeng(kawasan_persekutuan)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Gopeng(kawasan persekutuan) (laman tidak wujud)">Gopeng</a> – Lee Boon Chye (PKR)</li> <li>P074 – <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumut(kawasan_persekutuan)&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Lumut(kawasan persekutuan) (laman tidak wujud)">Lumut</a> – Mohamad Imran Abd Hamid (PKR)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Pahang_Darul_Makmur"><a href="/wiki/Pahang_Darul_Makmur" class="mw-redirect" title="Pahang Darul Makmur">Pahang Darul Makmur</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakatan_Rakyat&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=20" title="Sunting bahagian: Pahang Darul Makmur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakatan_Rakyat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=20" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Pahang Darul Makmur"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>P080 – <a href="/wiki/Raub" title="Raub">Raub</a> – Ariff Sabri Abdul Aziz (DAP)</li> <li>P082 – <a href="/wiki/Indera_Mahkota" title="Indera Mahkota">Indera Mahkota</a> – Fauzi Abdul Rahman (PKR)</li> <li>P083 – <a href="/wiki/Kuantan" title="Kuantan">Kuantan</a> – Fuziah Salleh (PKR)</li> <li>P088 – <a href="/wiki/Temerloh" title="Temerloh">Temerloh</a> – Nasrudin Hassan (PAS)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Selangor_Darul_Ehsan"><a href="/wiki/Selangor_Darul_Ehsan" class="mw-redirect" title="Selangor Darul Ehsan">Selangor Darul Ehsan</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakatan_Rakyat&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=21" title="Sunting bahagian: Selangor Darul Ehsan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakatan_Rakyat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=21" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Selangor Darul Ehsan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>P097 – <a href="/wiki/Selayang" title="Selayang">Selayang</a> – William Leong Jee Keen (PKR)</li> <li>P098 – <a href="/wiki/Gombak" title="Gombak">Gombak</a> – Mohamed Azmin Ali (PKR)</li> <li>P099 – <a href="/wiki/Ampang" title="Ampang">Ampang</a> – Zuraida Kamaruddin (PKR)</li> <li>P100 – <a href="/wiki/Pandan_(kawasan_persekutuan)" title="Pandan (kawasan persekutuan)">Pandan</a> – Rafizi Ramli (PKR)</li> <li>P101 – <a href="/wiki/Hulu_Langat" title="Hulu Langat">Hulu Langat</a> – Che Rosli Che Mat (PAS)</li> <li>P102 – <a href="/wiki/Serdang,_Selangor" title="Serdang, Selangor">Serdang</a> – Ong Kian Ming (DAP)</li> <li>P103 – <a href="/wiki/Puchong,_Selangor" title="Puchong, Selangor">Puchong</a> – Gobind Singh Deo (DAP)</li> <li>P104 – <a href="/wiki/Kelana_Jaya" title="Kelana Jaya">Kelana Jaya</a> – Wong Chen (PKR)</li> <li>P105 – Petaling Jaya Selatan – Hee Loy Sian (PKR)</li> <li>P106 – Petaling Jaya Utara – Tony Pua Kiam Wee (DAP)</li> <li>P107 – <a href="/wiki/Subang,_Selangor" class="mw-redirect" title="Subang, Selangor">Subang</a> – Sivarasa Rasiah (PKR)</li> <li>P108 – <a href="/wiki/Shah_Alam" title="Shah Alam">Shah Alam</a> – Khalid Samad (PAS)</li> <li>P109 – <a href="/wiki/Kapar" title="Kapar">Kapar</a> – G. Manivannan Gowindasamy (PKR)</li> <li>P110 – <a href="/wiki/Klang" title="Klang">Klang</a> – Charles Santiago (DAP)</li> <li>P111 – Kota Raja – Siti Mariah Mahmud (PAS)</li> <li>P112 – <a href="/wiki/Kuala_Langat" title="Kuala Langat">Kuala Langat</a> – Abdullah Sani Abdul Hamid (PKR)</li> <li>P113 – <a href="/wiki/Sepang" title="Sepang">Sepang</a> – Mohamed Hanipa Maidin (PAS)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Wilayah_Persekutuan_Kuala_Lumpur"><a href="/wiki/Wilayah_Persekutuan_Kuala_Lumpur" class="mw-redirect" title="Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur">Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakatan_Rakyat&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=22" title="Sunting bahagian: Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakatan_Rakyat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=22" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>P114 – <a href="/wiki/Kepong" title="Kepong">Kepong</a> – Tan Seng Giaw (DAP)</li> <li>P115 – <a href="/wiki/Batu,_Kuala_Lumpur" title="Batu, Kuala Lumpur">Batu</a> – Chua Tian Chang (PKR)</li> <li>P116 – <a href="/wiki/Wangsa_Maju" title="Wangsa Maju">Wangsa Maju</a> – Tan Kee Kwong (PKR)</li> <li>P117 – <a href="/wiki/Segambut" title="Segambut">Segambut</a> – Lim Lip Eng (DAP)</li> <li>P120 – <a href="/wiki/Bukit_Bintang" title="Bukit Bintang">Bukit Bintang</a> – Fong Kui Lun (DAP)</li> <li>P121 – <a href="/wiki/Lembah_Pantai" class="mw-redirect" title="Lembah Pantai">Lembah Pantai</a> – Nurul Izzah Anwar (PKR)</li> <li>P122 – <a href="/wiki/Seputeh" title="Seputeh">Seputeh</a> – Teresa Kok Suh Sim (DAP)</li> <li>P123 – <a href="/wiki/Cheras" class="mw-disambig" title="Cheras">Cheras</a> – Tan Kok Wai (DAP)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Negeri_Sembilan_Darul_Khusus"><a href="/wiki/Negeri_Sembilan_Darul_Khusus" class="mw-redirect" title="Negeri Sembilan Darul Khusus">Negeri Sembilan Darul Khusus</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakatan_Rakyat&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=23" title="Sunting bahagian: Negeri Sembilan Darul Khusus" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakatan_Rakyat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=23" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Negeri Sembilan Darul Khusus"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>P128 – <a href="/wiki/Seremban" title="Seremban">Seremban</a> – Loke Siew Fook (DAP)</li> <li>P130 – <a href="/wiki/Rasah" title="Rasah">Rasah</a> – Teo Kok Seong (DAP)</li> <li>P132 – <a href="/wiki/Teluk_Kemang" title="Teluk Kemang">Teluk Kemang</a> – Kamarul Bahrin Abbas (PKR)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Melaka_Bandaraya_Bersejarah"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Melaka_Bandaraya_Bersejarah&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Melaka Bandaraya Bersejarah (laman tidak wujud)">Melaka Bandaraya Bersejarah</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakatan_Rakyat&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=24" title="Sunting bahagian: Melaka Bandaraya Bersejarah" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakatan_Rakyat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=24" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Melaka Bandaraya Bersejarah"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>P137 – <a href="/wiki/Bukit_Katil" title="Bukit Katil">Bukit Katil</a> – Shamsul Iskandar Md. Akin (PKR)</li> <li>P138 – <a href="/wiki/Kota_Melaka" class="mw-redirect" title="Kota Melaka">Kota Melaka</a> – Sim Tong Him (DAP)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Johor_Darul_Takzim"><a href="/wiki/Johor_Darul_Takzim" class="mw-redirect" title="Johor Darul Takzim">Johor Darul Takzim</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakatan_Rakyat&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=25" title="Sunting bahagian: Johor Darul Takzim" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakatan_Rakyat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=25" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Johor Darul Takzim"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>P145 – <a href="/wiki/Bakri,_Johor" title="Bakri, Johor">Bakri</a> – Er Teck Hwa (DAP)</li> <li>P150 – <a href="/wiki/Batu_Pahat" title="Batu Pahat">Batu Pahat</a> – Mohd Idris Jusi (PKR)</li> <li>P152 – <a href="/wiki/Kluang" class="mw-disambig" title="Kluang">Kluang</a> – Liew Chin Tong (DAP)</li> <li>P162 – <a href="/wiki/Gelang_Patah" title="Gelang Patah">Gelang Patah</a> – Lim Kit Siang (DAP)</li> <li>P163 – <a href="/wiki/Kulai" title="Kulai">Kulai</a> – Teo Nie Ching (DAP)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sabah_Di_Bawah_Bayu"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sabah_Di_Bawah_Bayu&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sabah Di Bawah Bayu (laman tidak wujud)">Sabah Di Bawah Bayu</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakatan_Rakyat&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=26" title="Sunting bahagian: Sabah Di Bawah Bayu" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakatan_Rakyat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=26" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Sabah Di Bawah Bayu"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>P172 – <a href="/wiki/Kota_Kinabalu" title="Kota Kinabalu">Kota Kinabalu</a> – Wong Sze Phin (DAP)</li> <li>P174 – <a href="/wiki/Penampang" class="mw-redirect" title="Penampang">Penampang</a> – Ignatius Dorell Leiking (PKR)</li> <li>P186 – <a href="/wiki/Sandakan" title="Sandakan">Sandakan</a> – Wong Tien Fatt (DAP)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sarawak_Bumi_Kenyalang"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarawak_Bumi_Kenyalang&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Sarawak Bumi Kenyalang (laman tidak wujud)">Sarawak Bumi Kenyalang</a></h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakatan_Rakyat&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=27" title="Sunting bahagian: Sarawak Bumi Kenyalang" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakatan_Rakyat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=27" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Sarawak Bumi Kenyalang"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>P195 – <a href="/wiki/Bandar_Kuching" class="mw-redirect" title="Bandar Kuching">Bandar Kuching</a> – Chong Chieng Jen (DAP)</li> <li>P196 – <a href="/wiki/Stampin" title="Stampin">Stampin</a> – Julian Tan Kok Ping (DAP)</li> <li>P208 – <a href="/wiki/Sarikei" title="Sarikei">Sarikei</a> – Wong Ling Biu (DAP)</li> <li>P211 – Lanang – Alice Lau Kiong Yieng (DAP)</li> <li>P212 – <a href="/wiki/Sibu" title="Sibu">Sibu</a> – Oscar Ling Chai Yew (DAP)</li> <li>P219 – <a href="/wiki/Miri" class="mw-redirect" title="Miri">Miri</a> – Michael Teo Yu Keng (PKR)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ketua_kerajaan_negeri">Ketua kerajaan negeri</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakatan_Rakyat&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=28" title="Sunting bahagian: Ketua kerajaan negeri" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakatan_Rakyat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=28" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Ketua kerajaan negeri"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Kelantan Darul Naim <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Menteri_Besar_Kelantan" title="Menteri Besar Kelantan">Menteri Besar</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ahmad_Yakob" title="Ahmad Yakob">Ahmad Yakob</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pasir_Pekan" title="Pasir Pekan">N.03 Pasir Pekan</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Pulau Pinang <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ketua_Menteri_Pulau_Pinang" title="Ketua Menteri Pulau Pinang">Ketua Menteri</a>: <a href="/wiki/Lim_Guan_Eng" title="Lim Guan Eng">Lim Guan Eng</a> (<a href="/wiki/Air_Putih,_Bukit_Bendera,_Pulau_Pinang" class="mw-redirect" title="Air Putih, Bukit Bendera, Pulau Pinang">N.23 Air Putih</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Selangor Darul Ehsan <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Menteri_Besar_Selangor" class="mw-redirect" title="Menteri Besar Selangor">Menteri Besar</a>: <a href="/wiki/Mohamed_Azmin_Ali" title="Mohamed Azmin Ali">Mohamed Azmin Ali</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bukit_Antarabangsa" title="Bukit Antarabangsa">N.19 Bukit Antarabangsa</a>)</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pembubaran">Pembubaran</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakatan_Rakyat&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=29" title="Sunting bahagian: Pembubaran" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakatan_Rakyat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=29" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Pembubaran"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pada 16 Jun 2015, Setiausaha Agung Parti Tindakan Demokratik, <a href="/wiki/Lim_Guan_Eng" title="Lim Guan Eng">Lim Guan Eng</a> mengisytiharkan bahawa Pakatan Rakyat telah dibubarkan atas tiada kerjasama antara satu parti (PAS) dengan satu parti komponen yang lain. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Keputusan_pilihan_raya_umum">Keputusan pilihan raya umum</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakatan_Rakyat&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=30" title="Sunting bahagian: Keputusan pilihan raya umum" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakatan_Rakyat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=30" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Keputusan pilihan raya umum"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Pemilihan </th> <th>Jumlah tempat duduk yang dimenangi </th> <th>Jumlah undi </th> <th>Bahagian undi </th> <th>Keputusan pilihan raya </th> <th>Pemimpin pilihan raya </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Pilihan_raya_umum_Malaysia_2008" title="Pilihan raya umum Malaysia 2008">2008</a> </th> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">82 / 222</span><div role="img" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8991C; width: 37%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>3,796,464 </td> <td>46.75% </td> <td><span style="color: #0c0; font-size: larger;">▲</span>82 kerusi; <b>Pakatan pembangkang</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Wan_Azizah_Wan_Ismail" title="Wan Azizah Wan Ismail">Wan Azizah Wan Ismail</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Anwar_Ibrahim" title="Anwar Ibrahim">Anwar Ibrahim</a> (de facto) </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Pilihan_raya_umum_Malaysia_2013" title="Pilihan raya umum Malaysia 2013">2013</a> </th> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">89 / 222</span><div role="img" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8991C; width: 40%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td> <td>5,623,984 </td> <td>50.87% </td> <td><span style="color: #0c0; font-size: larger;">▲</span>7 kerusi; <b>Pakatan pembangkang</b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Anwar_Ibrahim" title="Anwar Ibrahim">Anwar Ibrahim</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Keputusan_pilihan_raya_negeri">Keputusan pilihan raya negeri</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakatan_Rakyat&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=31" title="Sunting bahagian: Keputusan pilihan raya negeri" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakatan_Rakyat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=31" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Keputusan pilihan raya negeri"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div style="width: 100%; height:20em; overflow:auto; border: 2px solid #088"> <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%;"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Pilihan raya negeri</th> <th colspan="14">Dewan Undangan Negeri </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Dewan_Undangan_Negeri_Perlis" title="Dewan Undangan Negeri Perlis">Dewan Undangan Negeri Perlis</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Dewan_Undangan_Negeri_Kedah" title="Dewan Undangan Negeri Kedah">Dewan Undangan Negeri Kedah</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Dewan_Undangan_Negeri_Kelantan" title="Dewan Undangan Negeri Kelantan">Dewan Undangan Negeri Kelantan</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Dewan_Undangan_Negeri_Terengganu" title="Dewan Undangan Negeri Terengganu">Dewan Undangan Negeri Terengganu</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Dewan_Undangan_Negeri_Pulau_Pinang" title="Dewan Undangan Negeri Pulau Pinang">Dewan Undangan Negeri Pulau Pinang</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Dewan_Undangan_Negeri_Perak" class="mw-redirect" title="Dewan Undangan Negeri Perak">Dewan Undangan Negeri Perak</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Dewan_Undangan_Negeri_Pahang" class="mw-redirect" title="Dewan Undangan Negeri Pahang">Dewan Undangan Negeri Pahang</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Dewan_Undangan_Negeri_Selangor" class="mw-redirect" title="Dewan Undangan Negeri Selangor">Dewan Undangan Negeri Selangor</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Dewan_Undangan_Negeri_Sembilan" title="Dewan Undangan Negeri Sembilan">Dewan Undangan Negeri Sembilan</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Dewan_Undangan_Negeri_Melaka" title="Dewan Undangan Negeri Melaka">Dewan Undangan Negeri Melaka</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Dewan_Undangan_Negeri_Johor" class="mw-redirect" title="Dewan Undangan Negeri Johor">Dewan Undangan Negeri Johor</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Dewan_Undangan_Negeri_Sabah" title="Dewan Undangan Negeri Sabah">Dewan Undangan Negeri Sabah</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Dewan_Undangan_Negeri_Sarawak" title="Dewan Undangan Negeri Sarawak">Dewan Undangan Negeri Sarawak</a></th> <th>Jumlah menang / Jumlah yang dipertandingkan </th></tr> <tr> <th></th> <th></th> <th></th> <th></th> <th></th> <th></th> <th></th> <th></th> <th></th> <th></th> <th></th> <th></th> <th></th> <th></th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td>2008</td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">1 / 15</span><div role="img" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8991C; width: 7%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">21 / 36</span><div role="img" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8991C; width: 58%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">39 / 45</span><div role="img" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8991C; width: 87%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">8 / 32</span><div role="img" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8991C; width: 25%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">29 / 40</span><div role="img" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8991C; width: 73%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">31 / 59</span><div role="img" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8991C; width: 53%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">4 / 42</span><div role="img" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8991C; width: 10%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">36 / 56</span><div role="img" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8991C; width: 64%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">15 / 36</span><div role="img" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8991C; width: 42%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">5 / 28</span><div role="img" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8991C; width: 18%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">6 / 56</span><div role="img" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8991C; width: 11%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">1 / 60</span><div role="img" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8991C; width: 2%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">196 / 510</span><div role="img" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8991C; width: 38%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2011</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">15 / 71</span><div role="img" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8991C; width: 21%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">15 / 69</span><div role="img" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8991C; width: 22%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2013</td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">2 / 15</span><div role="img" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8991C; width: 13%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">15 / 36</span><div role="img" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8991C; width: 42%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">33 / 45</span><div role="img" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8991C; width: 73%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">15 / 32</span><div role="img" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8991C; width: 47%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">30 / 40</span><div role="img" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8991C; width: 75%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">28 / 59</span><div role="img" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8991C; width: 47%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">12 / 42</span><div role="img" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8991C; width: 29%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">44 / 56</span><div role="img" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8991C; width: 79%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">14 / 36</span><div role="img" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8991C; width: 39%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">7 / 28</span><div role="img" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8991C; width: 25%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">18 / 56</span><div role="img" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8991C; width: 32%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">11 / 60</span><div role="img" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8991C; width: 18%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div></td> <td></td> <td><div style="width: 100px;"><span class="nowrap">229 / 511</span><div role="img" style="box-sizing: border-box; border: 1px solid #aaa; height: 1.15em; position: relative;"><div style="background-color: #F8991C; width: 45%; height: 100%;"></div></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_juga">Lihat juga</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakatan_Rakyat&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=32" title="Sunting bahagian: Lihat juga" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakatan_Rakyat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=32" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Lihat juga"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pilihan_Raya_Umum_Malaysia_2008" class="mw-redirect" title="Pilihan Raya Umum Malaysia 2008">Pilihan Raya Umum Malaysia 2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keputusan_Pilihan_Raya_Umum_Malaysia_2008,_Dewan_Undangan_Negeri" class="mw-redirect" title="Keputusan Pilihan Raya Umum Malaysia 2008, Dewan Undangan Negeri">Keputusan Pilihan Raya Umum Malaysia 2008, Dewan Undangan Negeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isu_Pakatan_Rakyat_tubuh_kerajaan" class="mw-redirect" title="Isu Pakatan Rakyat tubuh kerajaan">Isu Pakatan Rakyat tubuh kerajaan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barisan_Alternatif" title="Barisan Alternatif">Barisan Alternatif</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rujukan">Rujukan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakatan_Rakyat&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=33" title="Sunting bahagian: Rujukan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakatan_Rakyat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=33" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Rujukan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6415981">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lim Kit Siang. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://blog.limkitsiang.com/2008/04/01/pakatan-rakyat-%e2%80%93-logical-next-step-of-march-8-political-tsunami/">Pakatan Rakyat – logical next step of March 8 political tsunami</a>. Dicapai 2 April 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6405196">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:var(--color-subtle,#54595d)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFFarouq_Johari2015" class="citation web cs1">Farouq Johari (18 June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://says.com/my/seismik/pakatan-rakyat-pr-berkubur-dan-hanya-tinggal-kenangan">"Kisah 7 Tahun 2 Bulan Pakatan Rakyat Yang Kini Hanya Tinggal Kenangan"</a>. Says.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">19 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Kisah+7+Tahun+2+Bulan+Pakatan+Rakyat+Yang+Kini+Hanya+Tinggal+Kenangan&amp;rft.pub=Says.com&amp;rft.date=2015-06-18&amp;rft.au=Farouq+Johari&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsays.com%2Fmy%2Fseismik%2Fpakatan-rakyat-pr-berkubur-dan-hanya-tinggal-kenangan&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APakatan+Rakyat" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error error citation-comment">Cite has empty unknown parameter: <code class="cs1-code">&#124;dead-url=</code> (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#param_unknown_empty" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196"><cite id="CITEREFJack_Wong2011" class="citation web cs1">Jack Wong (6 May 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com.my/news/nation/2011/05/06/snap-quits-pakatan/">"SNAP quits Pakatan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Star_(Malaysia)" title="The Star (Malaysia)">The Star</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=SNAP+quits+Pakatan&amp;rft.pub=The+Star&amp;rft.date=2011-05-06&amp;rft.au=Jack+Wong&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com.my%2Fnews%2Fnation%2F2011%2F05%2F06%2Fsnap-quits-pakatan%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APakatan+Rakyat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196"><cite id="CITEREFPeter_Sibon2011" class="citation web cs1">Peter Sibon (7 May 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theborneopost.com/2011/05/07/snap-quits-pakatan/">"SNAP quits Pakatan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Borneo_Post" title="The Borneo Post">The Borneo Post</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=SNAP+quits+Pakatan&amp;rft.pub=The+Borneo+Post&amp;rft.date=2011-05-07&amp;rft.au=Peter+Sibon&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theborneopost.com%2F2011%2F05%2F07%2Fsnap-quits-pakatan%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APakatan+Rakyat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://english.astroawani.com/politics-news/pakatan-rakyat-no-longer-exists-says-daps-lim-guan-eng-62668">"Pakatan Rakyat no longer exists, says DAPs Lim Guan Eng"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Astro_Awani" title="Astro Awani">Astro Awani</a>. 16 June 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Pakatan+Rakyat+no+longer+exists%2C+says+DAPs+Lim+Guan+Eng&amp;rft.pub=Astro+Awani&amp;rft.date=2015-06-16&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fenglish.astroawani.com%2Fpolitics-news%2Fpakatan-rakyat-no-longer-exists-says-daps-lim-guan-eng-62668&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APakatan+Rakyat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bharian1-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bharian1_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bharian1_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bharian.com.my/Current_News/BH/Tuesday/Mutakhir/20080401162632/Article">PKR, DAP dan Pas mahu dikenali sebagai Pakatan Rakyat</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pautan_reput" title="Wikipedia:Pautan reput"><span title="&#160;Pautan mati ditandakan pada Oktober 2021">pautan mati kekal</span></a></i>&#93;</span></sup> Berita Harian.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.harakahdaily.net/index.php?option=com_content&amp;task=view&amp;id=14076&amp;Itemid=28">Usah tiru kaedah BN untuk bentuk Pakatan Rakyat, Maulana Purnama, 23 Apr 2008, Harakah Daily</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160123144531/http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/114553">"ROS: Pakatan can register as a single party"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Malaysiakini" title="Malaysiakini">Malaysiakini</a>. 8 October 2009. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://malaysiakini.com/news/114553">yang asal</a> pada 2016-01-23<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">8 October</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=ROS%3A+Pakatan+can+register+as+a+single+party&amp;rft.pub=Malaysiakini&amp;rft.date=2009-10-08&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmalaysiakini.com%2Fnews%2F114553&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APakatan+Rakyat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091010160350/http://www.malaysianinsider.com/index.php/malaysia/39878-pakatan-rakyat-to-register-as-a-coalition">"Pakatan Rakyat to register as a coalition"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Malaysian_Insider" title="The Malaysian Insider">The Malaysian Insider</a>. 9 October 2009. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.malaysianinsider.com/index.php/malaysia/39878-pakatan-rakyat-to-register-as-a-coalition">yang asal</a> pada 10 October 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Pakatan+Rakyat+to+register+as+a+coalition&amp;rft.pub=The+Malaysian+Insider&amp;rft.date=2009-10-09&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malaysianinsider.com%2Findex.php%2Fmalaysia%2F39878-pakatan-rakyat-to-register-as-a-coalition&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APakatan+Rakyat" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">&#124;deadurl=</code> ignored (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Christine Chan, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://malaysiakini.com/news/129685">Snap secara rasmi sertai Pakatan Rakyat</a>, 20 Apr 2010, Malaysiakini</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.malaysiandigest.com/ghostrider/22621-snap-finally-snaps-off-from-pakatan.html">"SNAP Finally Snaps Off from Pakatan"</a>. <i>Malaysian Digest</i>. 7 Mei 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">18 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&amp;rft.genre=article&amp;rft.jtitle=Malaysian+Digest&amp;rft.atitle=SNAP+Finally+Snaps+Off+from+Pakatan&amp;rft.date=2011-05-07&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.malaysiandigest.com%2Fghostrider%2F22621-snap-finally-snaps-off-from-pakatan.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APakatan+Rakyat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196"><cite id="CITEREFLeslie_Lau2009" class="citation web cs1">Leslie Lau (10 August 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090811053604/http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/index.php/malaysia/34702-zaid-outlines-blueprint-for-pakatan-government">"Zaid outlines blueprint for Pakatan government"</a>. The Malaysian Insider. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/index.php/malaysia/34702-zaid-outlines-blueprint-for-pakatan-government">yang asal</a> pada 11 August 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">10 August</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Zaid+outlines+blueprint+for+Pakatan+government&amp;rft.pub=The+Malaysian+Insider&amp;rft.date=2009-08-10&amp;rft.au=Leslie+Lau&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.themalaysianinsider.com%2Findex.php%2Fmalaysia%2F34702-zaid-outlines-blueprint-for-pakatan-government&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APakatan+Rakyat" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">&#124;deadurl=</code> ignored (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.economist.com/news/asia/21611139-years-delineation-electoral-boundaries-will-determine-future-malaysian-politics-whats">"What's Malay for gerrymandering?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Economist" title="The Economist">The Economist</a>. 9 August 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">14 October</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=What%27s+Malay+for+gerrymandering%3F&amp;rft.pub=The+Economist&amp;rft.date=2014-08-09&amp;rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fnews%2Fasia%2F21611139-years-delineation-electoral-boundaries-will-determine-future-malaysian-politics-whats&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APakatan+Rakyat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130423092454/http://keputusan.spr.gov.my/">"Home &#91;PRU13&#93;"</a>. Election Commission of Malaysia. Diarkibkan daripada <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://keputusan.spr.gov.my/">yang asal</a> pada 23 April 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Home+%5BPRU13%5D&amp;rft.pub=Election+Commission+of+Malaysia&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkeputusan.spr.gov.my%2F&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APakatan+Rakyat" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">&#124;deadurl=</code> ignored (<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">bantuan</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6405196"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.channelnewsasia.com/news/asiapacific/malaysia-s-opposition/1918690.html">"Malaysia's opposition Pakatan Rakyat alliance ceases to exist: DAP"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Channel_News_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Channel News Asia">Channel News Asia</a>. 16 June 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Dicapai pada <span class="nowrap">16 June</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Malaysia%27s+opposition+Pakatan+Rakyat+alliance+ceases+to+exist%3A+DAP&amp;rft.pub=Channel+News+Asia&amp;rft.date=2015-06-16&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.channelnewsasia.com%2Fnews%2Fasiapacific%2Fmalaysia-s-opposition%2F1918690.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3APakatan+Rakyat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theedgedaily.com/cms/content.jsp?id=com.tms.cms.article.Article_126cda15-cb73c03a-1582a7c0-15e0b216">Is Pakatan Rakyat moving left, right or centre?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080405164838/http://www.theedgedaily.com/cms/content.jsp?id=com.tms.cms.article.Article_126cda15-cb73c03a-1582a7c0-15e0b216">Diarkibkan</a> 2008-04-05 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> oleh Kevin Tan, The Edge Malaysia, 3 April 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/81785">DAP desak PAS gugur negara Islam</a>, Malaysiakini, 22 April 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.malaysiakini.com/news/82011">Karpal: I didn't insult Islam</a>, Malaysiakini, 28 April 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/world-news/impractical-to-turn-malaysia-into-islamic-state-opposition-leader_10041785.html">Impractical to turn Malaysia into Islamic State</a>, IANS, 25 April 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.themalaysianinsider.com/litee/malaysia/article/RoS-prefers-Pakatan-Rakyat-Malaysia/">RoS prefers ‘Pakatan Rakyat Malaysia’, 20 Feb 2010, Malaysian Insider</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pautan_reput" title="Wikipedia:Pautan reput"><span title="&#160;Pautan mati ditandakan pada Oktober 2021">pautan mati kekal</span></a></i>&#93;</span></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pautan_luar">Pautan luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakatan_Rakyat&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=34" title="Sunting bahagian: Pautan luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pakatan_Rakyat&amp;action=edit&amp;section=34" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Pautan luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ensiklopedia-malaysia.jbdirectory.com/Dasar_Pakatan_Rakyat">Ensiklopedia Malaysia: Dasar Pakatan Rakyat</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pautan_reput" title="Wikipedia:Pautan reput"><span title="&#160;Pautan mati ditandakan pada September 2021">pautan mati kekal</span></a></i>&#93;</span></sup></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&amp;#124;border_&amp;#124;alt=Malaysia&amp;#124;link=Malaysia_Parti_politik_di_Malaysia" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r6453376"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Parti-parti_politik_Malaysia" title="Templat:Parti-parti politik Malaysia"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini" style=";;background:none transparent;color:inherit;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bincang"><a href="/wiki/Perbincangan_templat:Parti-parti_politik_Malaysia" title="Perbincangan templat:Parti-parti politik Malaysia"><abbr title="Bincang templat ini" style=";;background:none 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style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pakatan_Harapan" title="Pakatan Harapan">Pakatan Harapan</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Keadilan_Rakyat" title="Parti Keadilan Rakyat">Parti Keadilan Rakyat</a> (PKR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Tindakan_Demokratik" title="Parti Tindakan Demokratik">Parti Tindakan Demokratik</a> (DAP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Amanah_Negara" title="Parti Amanah Negara">Parti Amanah Negara</a> (AMANAH)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pertubuhan_Kinabalu_Progresif_Bersatu" title="Pertubuhan Kinabalu Progresif Bersatu">Pertubuhan Kinabalu Progresif Bersatu</a> (UPKO)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Perikatan_Nasional" title="Perikatan Nasional">Perikatan Nasional</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Islam_Se-Malaysia" title="Parti Islam Se-Malaysia">Parti Islam Se-Malaysia</a> (PAS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Pribumi_Bersatu_Malaysia" title="Parti Pribumi Bersatu Malaysia">Parti Pribumi Bersatu Malaysia</a> (BERSATU)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Gerakan_Rakyat_Malaysia" title="Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia">Parti Gerakan Rakyat Malaysia</a> (GERAKAN)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Progresif_Sabah" class="mw-redirect" title="Parti Progresif Sabah">Parti Progresif Sabah</a> (SAPP)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Barisan_Nasional" title="Barisan Nasional">Barisan Nasional</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pertubuhan_Kebangsaan_Melayu_Bersatu" title="Pertubuhan Kebangsaan Melayu Bersatu">Pertubuhan Kebangsaan Melayu Bersatu</a> (UMNO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persatuan_Cina_Malaysia" title="Persatuan Cina Malaysia">Persatuan Cina Malaysia</a> (MCA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kongres_India_Malaysia" title="Kongres India Malaysia">Kongres India Malaysia</a> (MIC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Bersatu_Rakyat_Sabah" title="Parti Bersatu Rakyat Sabah">Parti Bersatu Rakyat Sabah</a> (PBRS)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gabungan_Parti_Sarawak" title="Gabungan Parti Sarawak">Gabungan Parti Sarawak</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Pesaka_Bumiputera_Bersatu_Sarawak" title="Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu Sarawak">Parti Pesaka Bumiputera Bersatu Sarawak</a> (PBB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Rakyat_Sarawak" title="Parti Rakyat Sarawak">Parti Rakyat Sarawak</a> (PRS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Demokratik_Progresif" title="Parti Demokratik Progresif">Parti Demokratik Progresif</a> (PDP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Rakyat_Bersatu_Sarawak" title="Parti Rakyat Bersatu Sarawak">Parti Rakyat Bersatu Sarawak</a> (SUPP)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gabungan_Rakyat_Sabah" title="Gabungan Rakyat Sabah">Gabungan Rakyat Sabah</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Gagasan_Rakyat_Sabah" title="Parti Gagasan Rakyat Sabah">Parti Gagasan Rakyat Sabah</a> (GAGASAN)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Bersatu_Sabah" title="Parti Bersatu Sabah">Parti Bersatu Sabah</a> (PBS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Solidariti_Tanah_Airku" title="Parti Solidariti Tanah Airku">Parti Solidariti Tanah Airku</a> (STAR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Progresif_Sabah" class="mw-redirect" title="Parti Progresif Sabah">Parti Progresif Sabah</a> (SAPP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Harapan_Rakyat_Sabah" title="Parti Harapan Rakyat Sabah">Parti Harapan Rakyat Sabah</a> (PHRS)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parti politik lain</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Warisan" title="Parti Warisan">Parti Warisan</a> (Warisan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Bangsa_Malaysia" title="Parti Bangsa Malaysia">Parti Bangsa Malaysia</a> (PBM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikatan_Demokratik_Malaysia" title="Ikatan Demokratik Malaysia">Ikatan Demokratik Malaysia</a> (MUDA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Kesejahteraan_Demokratik_Masyarakat" title="Parti Kesejahteraan Demokratik Masyarakat">Parti Kesejahteraan Demokratik Masyarakat</a> (KDM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Sarawak_Bersatu" title="Parti Sarawak Bersatu">Parti Sarawak Bersatu</a> (PSB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahli_politik_bebas" title="Ahli politik bebas">Bebas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Parti_yang_tidak_mempunyai_wakil_di_Parlimen_dan/atau_Dewan_Undangan_Negeri" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Parti yang tidak mempunyai wakil di Parlimen dan/atau Dewan Undangan Negeri</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Perikatan_Nasional" title="Perikatan Nasional">Perikatan Nasional</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Tindakan_Hak_Minoriti" title="Parti Tindakan Hak Minoriti">Parti Tindakan Hak Minoriti</a> (MIRA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Perikatan_India_Muslim_Nasional" title="Parti Perikatan India Muslim Nasional">Parti Perikatan India Muslim Nasional</a> (IMAN)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Gabungan_Rakyat_Sabah" title="Gabungan Rakyat Sabah">Gabungan Rakyat Sabah</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pertubuhan_Kebangsaan_Sabah_Bersatu_(Baru)" title="Pertubuhan Kebangsaan Sabah Bersatu (Baru)">Pertubuhan Kebangsaan Sabah Bersatu (Baru)</a> (USNO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Liberal_Demokratik" title="Parti Liberal Demokratik">Parti Liberal Demokratik</a> (LDP)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Barisan_Nasional" title="Barisan Nasional">Sahabat Barisan Nasional</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barisan_Kemajuan_India_Se-Malaysia" title="Barisan Kemajuan India Se-Malaysia">Barisan Kemajuan India Se-Malaysia</a> (AMIPF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Makkal_Sakti_Malaysia" title="Parti Makkal Sakti Malaysia">Parti Makkal Sakti Malaysia</a> (MMSP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kongres_India_Muslim_Malaysia" title="Kongres India Muslim Malaysia">Kongres India Muslim Malaysia</a> (KIMMA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Punjabi_Malaysia" title="Parti Punjabi Malaysia">Parti Punjabi Malaysia</a> (PPM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Cinta_Malaysia" title="Parti Cinta Malaysia">Parti Cinta Malaysia</a> (PCM)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parti_Keadilan_India_Malaysia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Parti Keadilan India Malaysia (laman tidak wujud)">Parti Keadilan India Malaysia</a> (MIJP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Bersatu_India_Malaysia" title="Parti Bersatu India Malaysia">Parti Bersatu India Malaysia</a> (MIUP)*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parti politik lain</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Malaysia</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Kemajuan_Malaysia" title="Parti Kemajuan Malaysia">Parti Kemajuan Malaysia</a> (MAP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Sosialis_Malaysia" title="Parti Sosialis Malaysia">Parti Sosialis Malaysia</a> (PSM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Pejuang_Tanah_Air" title="Parti Pejuang Tanah Air">Parti Pejuang Tanah Air</a> (PEJUANG)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Ikatan_Bangsa_Malaysia" title="Parti Ikatan Bangsa Malaysia">Parti Ikatan Bangsa Malaysia</a> (IKATAN)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barisan_Jemaah_Islamiah_Se-Malaysia" title="Barisan Jemaah Islamiah Se-Malaysia">Barisan Jemaah Islamiah Se-Malaysia</a> (BERJASA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Bumiputera_Perkasa_Malaysia" title="Parti Bumiputera Perkasa Malaysia">Parti Bumiputera Perkasa Malaysia</a> (PUTRA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Rakyat_Malaysia" title="Parti Rakyat Malaysia">Parti Rakyat Malaysia</a> (PRM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Progresif_Penduduk" title="Parti Progresif Penduduk">Parti Progresif Penduduk</a> (myPPP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Alternatif_Rakyat" title="Parti Alternatif Rakyat">Parti Alternatif Rakyat</a> (PAP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Barisan_Pulau_Pinang" title="Parti Barisan Pulau Pinang">Parti Barisan Pulau Pinang</a> (PFP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Bersama_Malaysia" title="Parti Bersama Malaysia">Parti Bersama Malaysia</a> (PBM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Bersatu_Sasa_Malaysia" title="Parti Bersatu Sasa Malaysia">Parti Bersatu Sasa Malaysia</a> (BERSAMA/MUPP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kongres_Ceylonese_Malaysia" title="Kongres Ceylonese Malaysia">Kongres Ceylonese Malaysia</a> (MCC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Utama_Rakyat" title="Parti Utama Rakyat">Parti Utama Rakyat</a> (PUR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Sedar_Rakyat" title="Parti Sedar Rakyat">Parti Sedar Rakyat</a> (SEDAR)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parti_Nasional_Malaysia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Parti Nasional Malaysia (laman tidak wujud)">Parti Nasional Malaysia</a> (MNP)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parti_Nasional_Penduduk_Malaysia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Parti Nasional Penduduk Malaysia (laman tidak wujud)">Parti Nasional Penduduk Malaysia</a> (PNP)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parti_Kongres_Keadilan_India_Malaysia&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Parti Kongres Keadilan India Malaysia (laman tidak wujud)">Parti Kongres Keadilan India Malaysia</a> (KKIM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Kesejahteraan_Insan_Tanah_Air" title="Parti Kesejahteraan Insan Tanah Air">Parti Kesejahteraan Insan Tanah Air</a> (KITA)*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kongres_Penyatuan_Masyarakat" title="Kongres Penyatuan Masyarakat">Kongres Penyatuan Masyarakat</a> (CCC)*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Hak_Asasi_Manusia_(Malaysia)" title="Parti Hak Asasi Manusia (Malaysia)">Parti Hak Asasi Manusia (Malaysia)</a> (HRP)*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Nasionalis_Malaysia" title="Parti Nasionalis Malaysia">Parti Nasionalis Malaysia</a> (NASMA)*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Bersepakat_Hak_Rakyat_Malaysia" title="Parti Bersepakat Hak Rakyat Malaysia">Parti Bersepakat Hak Rakyat Malaysia</a> (URIMAI)*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sarawak</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Bumi_Kenyalang" title="Parti Bumi Kenyalang">Parti Bumi Kenyalang</a> (PBK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Tenaga_Rakyat_Sarawak" title="Parti Tenaga Rakyat Sarawak">Parti Tenaga Rakyat Sarawak</a> (TERAS)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parti_Rakyat_Gabungan_Jaksa_Pendamai&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Parti Rakyat Gabungan Jaksa Pendamai (laman tidak wujud)">Parti Rakyat Gabungan Jaksa Pendamai</a> (PEACE)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Aspirasi_Rakyat_Sarawak" title="Parti Aspirasi Rakyat Sarawak">Parti Aspirasi Rakyat Sarawak</a> (Aspirasi)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Bansa_Dayak_Sarawak_Baru" title="Parti Bansa Dayak Sarawak Baru">Parti Bansa Dayak Sarawak</a> (PBDS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Ekonomi_Rakyat_Sarawak_Bersatu" title="Parti Ekonomi Rakyat Sarawak Bersatu">Parti Ekonomi Rakyat Sarawak Bersatu</a> (PERSB)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kongres_Dayak_Malaysia" title="Kongres Dayak Malaysia">Kongres Dayak Malaysia</a> (MDC)*</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sabah</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Cinta_Sabah" title="Parti Cinta Sabah">Parti Cinta Sabah</a> (PCS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Kerjasama_Anak_Negeri" title="Parti Kerjasama Anak Negeri">Parti Kerjasama Anak Negeri</a> (Anak Negeri)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pertubuhan_Kebangsaan_Sabah_Bersatu_(Baru)" title="Pertubuhan Kebangsaan Sabah Bersatu (Baru)">Pertubuhan Kebangsaan Sabah Bersatu</a> (USNO Baru)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pertubuhan_Perpaduan_Rakyat_Kebangsaan_Sabah" title="Pertubuhan Perpaduan Rakyat Kebangsaan Sabah">Pertubuhan Perpaduan Rakyat Kebangsaan Sabah</a> (PERPADUAN)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Perpaduan_Rakyat_Sabah" title="Parti Perpaduan Rakyat Sabah">Parti Perpaduan Rakyat Sabah</a> (PPRS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Kebangsaan_Sabah" title="Parti Kebangsaan Sabah">Parti Kebangsaan Sabah</a> (PKS)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parti_Sejahtera_Angkatan_Perpaduan_Sabah&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Parti Sejahtera Angkatan Perpaduan Sabah (laman tidak wujud)">Parti Sejahtera Angkatan Perpaduan Sabah</a> (SAPU)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parti_Damai_Sabah&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Parti Damai Sabah (laman tidak wujud)">Parti Damai Sabah</a> (SPP)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parti_Gagasan_Bersama_Rakyat_Sabah&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Parti Gagasan Bersama Rakyat Sabah (laman tidak wujud)">Parti Gagasan Bersama Rakyat Sabah</a> (BERSAMA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Kebenaran_Sabah" title="Parti Kebenaran Sabah">Parti Kebenaran Sabah</a> (Kebenaran)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parti_Bersatu_Bugis_Sabah&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Parti Bersatu Bugis Sabah (laman tidak wujud)">Parti Bersatu Bugis Sabah</a> (PBBS)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parti_Ekonomi_Rakyat_Sabah&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Parti Ekonomi Rakyat Sabah (laman tidak wujud)">Parti Ekonomi Rakyat Sabah</a> (PERS)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Parti_dan_gabungan_tidak_aktif/dibubar" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Parti dan gabungan tidak aktif/dibubar</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Gabungan parti</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Majlis_Bertindak_Bersama_Se-Malaya" title="Majlis Bertindak Bersama Se-Malaya">Majlis Bertindak Bersama Se-Malaya</a> (AMCJA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barisan_Sosialis" title="Barisan Sosialis">Barisan Sosialis</a> (SF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Perikatan" title="Parti Perikatan">Parti Perikatan</a> (Perikatan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harakah_Keadilan_Rakyat" title="Harakah Keadilan Rakyat">Harakah Keadilan Rakyat</a> (HAK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barisan_Alternatif" title="Barisan Alternatif">Barisan Alternatif</a> (BA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angkatan_Perpaduan_Ummah" title="Angkatan Perpaduan Ummah">Angkatan Perpaduan Ummah</a> (APU)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gagasan_Rakyat" title="Gagasan Rakyat">Gagasan Rakyat</a> (GR)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pakatan Rakyat</a> (PR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerakan_Tanah_Air" title="Gerakan Tanah Air">Gerakan Tanah Air</a> (GTA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gagasan_Sejahtera" title="Gagasan Sejahtera">Gagasan Sejahtera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gagasan_Rakyat_Sarawak" title="Gagasan Rakyat Sarawak">Gagasan Rakyat Sarawak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabungan_Sabah" title="Gabungan Sabah">Gabungan Sabah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parti politik</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Malaysia</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angkatan_Keadilan_Insan_Malaysia" title="Angkatan Keadilan Insan Malaysia">Angkatan Keadilan Insan Malaysia</a> (AKIM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikatan_Masyarakat_Islam_Malaysia" title="Ikatan Masyarakat Islam Malaysia">Ikatan Masyarakat Islam Malaysia</a> (IKATAN)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kesatuan_Insaf_Tanah_Air" title="Kesatuan Insaf Tanah Air">Kesatuan Insaf Tanah Air</a> (Parti KITA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Konvensyen_Solidariti_Malaysia" title="Konvensyen Solidariti Malaysia">Konvensyen Solidariti Malaysia</a> (MSC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Buruh_Malaya" title="Parti Buruh Malaya">Parti Buruh Malaya</a> (MLP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Demokratik_Malaysia" title="Parti Demokratik Malaysia">Parti Demokratik Malaysia</a> (MDP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Demokratik_Bersatu" title="Parti Demokratik Bersatu">Parti Demokratik Bersatu</a> (UDP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Demokratik_India_Malaysia" title="Parti Demokratik India Malaysia">Parti Demokratik India Malaysia</a> (DIMP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Hizbul_Muslimin_Malaysia" title="Parti Hizbul Muslimin Malaysia">Parti Hizbul Muslimin Malaysia</a> (HAMIM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Keadilan_Nasional" title="Parti Keadilan Nasional">Parti Keadilan Nasional</a> (Keadilan)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Keadilan_Masyarakat_Malaysia" title="Parti Keadilan Masyarakat Malaysia">Parti Keadilan Masyarakat Malaysia</a> (PEKEMAS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Kemerdekaan_Malaya" title="Parti Kemerdekaan Malaya">Parti Kemerdekaan Malaya</a> (IMP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Komunis_Malaya" title="Parti Komunis Malaya">Parti Komunis Malaya</a> (PKM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Mahasiswa_Negara" title="Parti Mahasiswa Negara">Parti Mahasiswa Negara</a> (PMN)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Marhaen" title="Parti Marhaen">Parti Marhaen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Melayu_Semangat_46" title="Parti Melayu Semangat 46">Parti Melayu Semangat 46</a> (S46)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Negara" title="Parti Negara">Parti Negara</a> (Negara)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Pekerja-Pekerja_Malaysia" title="Parti Pekerja-Pekerja Malaysia">Parti Pekerja-Pekerja Malaysia</a> (PPM</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Perhimpunan_Kebangsaan" title="Parti Perhimpunan Kebangsaan">Parti Perhimpunan Kebangsaan</a> (PPK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Reformasi_Insan_Malaysia" title="Parti Reformasi Insan Malaysia">Parti Reformasi Insan Malaysia</a> (PRIM)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Sosial_Demokratik" title="Parti Sosial Demokratik">Parti Sosial Demokratik</a> (SDP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pertubuhan_Cina_Malaysia_Bersatu" title="Pertubuhan Cina Malaysia Bersatu">Pertubuhan Cina Malaysia Bersatu</a> (UMCO)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sarawak</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barisan_Rakyat_Jati_Sarawak" title="Barisan Rakyat Jati Sarawak">Barisan Rakyat Jati Sarawak</a> (BARJASA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Bansa_Dayak_Sarawak" title="Parti Bansa Dayak Sarawak">Parti Bansa Dayak Sarawak</a> (PBDS Lama)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Bumiputera" title="Parti Bumiputera">Parti Bumiputera</a> (BUMIPUTERA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Demokratik_Progresif_Sarawak" class="mw-redirect" title="Parti Demokratik Progresif Sarawak">Parti Demokratik Progresif Sarawak</a> (SPDP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Kebangsaan_Sarawak" title="Parti Kebangsaan Sarawak">Parti Kebangsaan Sarawak</a> (SNAP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Komunis_Kalimantan_Utara" title="Parti Komunis Kalimantan Utara">Parti Komunis Kalimantan Utara</a> (NKCP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Machinda" title="Parti Machinda">Parti Machinda</a> (MACHINDA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Negara_Sarawak" title="Parti Negara Sarawak">Parti Negara Sarawak</a> (PANAS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Pesaka_Anak_Sarawak" title="Parti Pesaka Anak Sarawak">Parti Pesaka Anak Sarawak</a> (PESAKA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persatuan_Rakyat_Malaysia_Sarawak" title="Persatuan Rakyat Malaysia Sarawak">Persatuan Rakyat Malaysia Sarawak</a> (PERMAS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Pekerja_Sarawak" title="Parti Pekerja Sarawak">Parti Pekerja Sarawak</a> (SWP)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persatuan_Cina_Sarawak" title="Persatuan Cina Sarawak">Persatuan Cina Sarawak</a> (SCA)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sabah</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angkatan_Keadilan_Rakyat" title="Angkatan Keadilan Rakyat">Angkatan Keadilan Rakyat</a> (AKAR)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barisan_Rakyat_Sabah_Bersekutu" title="Barisan Rakyat Sabah Bersekutu">Barisan Rakyat Sabah Bersekutu</a> (BERSEKUTU)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barisan_Rakyat_Sabah" title="Barisan Rakyat Sabah">Barisan Rakyat Sabah</a> (SPF)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Bersatu_Rakyat_Jelata_Sabah" title="Parti Bersatu Rakyat Jelata Sabah">Parti Bersatu Rakyat Jelata Sabah</a> (BERJAYA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Demokratik_Sabah" title="Parti Demokratik Sabah">Parti Demokratik Sabah</a> (PDS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Sabah_Assembly_Party" class="mw-redirect" title="United Sabah Assembly Party">Parti Perhimpunan Sabah Bersatu</a> (PUSAKA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parti_Tindakan_Sabah_Bersatu" title="Parti Tindakan Sabah Bersatu">Parti Tindakan Sabah Bersatu</a> (USAP)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Persatuan_Cina_Sabah&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Persatuan Cina Sabah (laman tidak wujud)">Persatuan Cina Sabah</a> (SCA)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pertubuhan_Kebangsaan_Kadazan_Bersatu" title="Pertubuhan Kebangsaan Kadazan Bersatu">Pertubuhan Kebangsaan Kadazan Bersatu</a> (UNKO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pertubuhan_Kebangsaan_Pasok_Nunukragang_Bersatu" title="Pertubuhan Kebangsaan Pasok Nunukragang Bersatu">Pertubuhan Kebangsaan Pasok Nunukragang Bersatu</a> (PASOK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pertubuhan_Pasokmomogun_Kadazandusun_Murut_Bersatu" title="Pertubuhan Pasokmomogun Kadazandusun Murut Bersatu">Pertubuhan Pasokmomogun Kadazandusun Murut Bersatu</a> (UPKO)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pertubuhan_Pasok_Momogun_Bersatu" title="Pertubuhan Pasok Momogun Bersatu">Pertubuhan Pasok Momogun Bersatu</a> (PASOK)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>parti tidak berdaftar ditandakan*<br /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sayap_pemuda_parti_politik_Malaysia" title="Sayap pemuda parti politik Malaysia">Sayap pemuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sayap_wanita_parti_politik_Malaysia" title="Sayap wanita parti politik Malaysia">Sayap wanita</a></li></ul> <hr /> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Politik_Malaysia" title="Politik Malaysia">Politik Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Politik" title="Portal:Politik">Portal politik</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Senarai_parti_politik_yang_memenangi_pilihan_raya_umum_Malaysia_mengikut_Parlimen&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Senarai parti politik yang memenangi pilihan raya umum Malaysia mengikut Parlimen (laman tidak wujud)">Senarai parti politik yang memenangi pilihan raya umum Malaysia mengikut Parlimen</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.codfw.main‐794cbc8768‐jw6n8 Cached time: 20250213160729 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [vary‐revision‐sha1, show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.764 seconds Real time usage: 0.973 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 7130/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 302625/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 8149/2097152 bytes Highest 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