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class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B7%D1%8A%D0%BA_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%B9" title="Близък бой – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Близък бой" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combat_en_espai_confinat" title="Combat en espai confinat – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Combat en espai confinat" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Close_Quarters_Battle" title="Close Quarters Battle – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Close Quarters Battle" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Close_Quarters_Battle" title="Close Quarters Battle – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Close Quarters Battle" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combate_en_espacios_cerrados" title="Combate en espacios cerrados – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Combate en espacios cerrados" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Close-quarters_combat" title="Close-quarters combat – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Close-quarters combat" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B7%BC%EC%A0%91_%EC%A0%84%ED%88%AC" title="근접 전투 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="근접 전투" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combattimento_ravvicinato" title="Combattimento ravvicinato – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Combattimento ravvicinato" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BF%91%E6%8E%A5%E6%88%A6%E9%97%98" title="近接戦闘 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="近接戦闘" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walka_w_przestrzeniach_zamkni%C4%99tych" title="Walka w przestrzeniach zamkniętych – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Walka w przestrzeniach zamkniętych" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combate_em_ambientes_confinados" title="Combate em ambientes confinados – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Combate em ambientes confinados" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bojevanje_v_zaprtih_prostorih" title="Bojevanje v zaprtih prostorih – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Bojevanje v zaprtih prostorih" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Блиска борба – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Блиска борба" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesk%C3%BBn_mahal_sava%C5%9F%C4%B1" title="Meskûn mahal savaşı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Meskûn mahal savaşı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" 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searchaux" style="display:none">Physical combat at close range</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Flickr_-_Official_U.S._Navy_Imagery_-_SWAT_team_members_breach_a_room_and_engage_hostile_targets_in_a_training_exercise..jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flickr_-_Official_U.S._Navy_Imagery_-_SWAT_team_members_breach_a_room_and_engage_hostile_targets_in_a_training_exercise..jpg/220px-Flickr_-_Official_U.S._Navy_Imagery_-_SWAT_team_members_breach_a_room_and_engage_hostile_targets_in_a_training_exercise..jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flickr_-_Official_U.S._Navy_Imagery_-_SWAT_team_members_breach_a_room_and_engage_hostile_targets_in_a_training_exercise..jpg/330px-Flickr_-_Official_U.S._Navy_Imagery_-_SWAT_team_members_breach_a_room_and_engage_hostile_targets_in_a_training_exercise..jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Flickr_-_Official_U.S._Navy_Imagery_-_SWAT_team_members_breach_a_room_and_engage_hostile_targets_in_a_training_exercise..jpg/440px-Flickr_-_Official_U.S._Navy_Imagery_-_SWAT_team_members_breach_a_room_and_engage_hostile_targets_in_a_training_exercise..jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Police_Department" title="Los Angeles Police Department">Los Angeles Police Department</a> <a href="/wiki/LAPD_Metropolitan_Division" title="LAPD Metropolitan Division">SWAT</a> officers engaged in close-quarters battle during a joint <a href="/wiki/Military_exercise" title="Military exercise">training exercise</a> with the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">U.S. Navy</a>, 2007<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist" style="width:"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:150%;"><span style="font-size:120%"><a href="/wiki/War" title="War">War</a></span><br /><span class="nobold"><span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Outline_of_war" title="Outline of war">outline</a>)</span></span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:War,_northwest_gallery_-_Gari_Melchers,_artist._LCCN91480633_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/War%2C_northwest_gallery_-_Gari_Melchers%2C_artist._LCCN91480633_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-War%2C_northwest_gallery_-_Gari_Melchers%2C_artist._LCCN91480633_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="64" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/War%2C_northwest_gallery_-_Gari_Melchers%2C_artist._LCCN91480633_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-War%2C_northwest_gallery_-_Gari_Melchers%2C_artist._LCCN91480633_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/War%2C_northwest_gallery_-_Gari_Melchers%2C_artist._LCCN91480633_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-War%2C_northwest_gallery_-_Gari_Melchers%2C_artist._LCCN91480633_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3691" data-file-height="1076" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Military_history" title="Military history">History</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> * <a href="/wiki/Prehistoric_warfare" title="Prehistoric warfare">Prehistoric</a> * <a href="/wiki/Ancient_warfare" title="Ancient warfare">Ancient</a> * <a href="/wiki/Medieval_warfare" title="Medieval warfare">Post-classical</a> ** <a href="/wiki/Medieval_fortification" title="Medieval fortification">Castles</a> * <a href="/wiki/Early_modern_warfare" title="Early modern warfare">Early modern</a> ** <a href="/wiki/Military_Revolution" title="Military Revolution">Military revolution</a> ** <a href="/wiki/Pike_and_shot" title="Pike and shot">Pike and shot</a> ** <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_weaponry_and_warfare" title="Napoleonic weaponry and warfare">Napoleonic warfare</a> * <a href="/wiki/Modern_warfare" title="Modern warfare">Late modern</a> ** <a href="/wiki/Industrial_warfare" title="Industrial warfare">Industrial warfare</a> ** <a href="/wiki/Fourth-generation_warfare" title="Fourth-generation warfare">Fourth-gen warfare</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Military" title="Military">Military</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> *<a href="/wiki/Military_organization" title="Military organization">Organization</a> *<a href="/wiki/Command_and_control" title="Command and control">Command and control</a> *<a href="/wiki/Defense_ministry" class="mw-redirect" title="Defense ministry">Defense ministry</a> *<a href="/wiki/Army" title="Army">Army</a> *<a href="/wiki/Navy" title="Navy">Navy</a> *<a href="/wiki/Air_force" title="Air force">Air force</a> *<a href="/wiki/Marines" title="Marines">Marines</a> *<a href="/wiki/Coast_guard" title="Coast guard">Coast guard</a> *<a href="/wiki/Space_force" title="Space force">Space force</a> *<a href="/wiki/Military_reserve_force" title="Military reserve force">Reserves</a> *<a href="/wiki/Military_rank" title="Military rank">Ranks</a> <hr /> *<i>Specialties:</i> *<a href="/wiki/Staff_(military)" title="Staff (military)">Staff</a> *<a href="/wiki/Combat_engineer" title="Combat engineer">Engineers</a> *<a href="/wiki/Military_intelligence" title="Military intelligence">Intel</a> *<a href="/wiki/Reconnaissance" title="Reconnaissance">Recon</a> *<a href="/wiki/Medical_corps" title="Medical corps">Medical</a> *<a href="/wiki/Military_police" title="Military police">Police</a> *<a href="/wiki/Military_diving" title="Military diving">Diving</a> *<a href="/wiki/Aircraft_pilot" title="Aircraft pilot">Pilot</a> <hr /> *<i>Land units:</i> * <a href="/wiki/Infantry" title="Infantry">Infantry</a> * <a href="/wiki/Armoured_fighting_vehicle" title="Armoured fighting vehicle">Armor</a> ** <a href="/wiki/Cavalry" title="Cavalry">Cavalry</a> * <a href="/wiki/Artillery" title="Artillery">Artillery</a> * <a href="/wiki/Special_forces" title="Special forces">Special forces</a> * <a href="/wiki/Signal_corps" title="Signal corps">Signal corps</a> <hr /> *<i>Naval units:</i> * <a href="/wiki/Warship" title="Warship">Warships</a> * <a href="/wiki/Submarine" title="Submarine">Submarines</a> * <a href="/wiki/Aircraft_carrier" title="Aircraft carrier">Aircraft carriers</a> * <a href="/wiki/Landing_craft" title="Landing craft">Landing craft</a> * <a href="/wiki/Auxiliary_ship" title="Auxiliary ship">Auxiliary ships</a> <hr /> *<i>Air units:</i> * <a href="/wiki/Fighter_aircraft" title="Fighter aircraft">Fighters</a> * <a href="/wiki/Bomber" title="Bomber">Bombers</a> * <a href="/wiki/Airborne_early_warning_and_control" title="Airborne early warning and control">Command</a> * <a href="/wiki/Close_air_support" title="Close air support">Close air support</a> * <a href="/wiki/Electronic-warfare_aircraft" title="Electronic-warfare aircraft">Electronic-warfare</a> * <a href="/wiki/Reconnaissance_aircraft" title="Reconnaissance aircraft">Reconnaissance</a> <hr /> *<i>Combat systems:</i> * <a href="/wiki/Fire-control_system" title="Fire-control system">Fire-control system</a> * <a href="/wiki/Fire-control_radar" title="Fire-control radar">Fire-control radar</a> * <a href="/wiki/Director_(military)" title="Director (military)">Director (military)</a> * <a href="/wiki/Combat_information_center" title="Combat information center">Combat information center</a> * <a href="/wiki/Sonar" title="Sonar">Sonar</a> * <a href="/wiki/Radar" title="Radar">Radar</a> <hr /> *<i>Historical:</i> * <a href="/wiki/Ship_gun_fire-control_system" title="Ship gun fire-control system">Ship gun fire-control</a> * <a href="/wiki/Gun_data_computer" title="Gun data computer">Gun data computer</a> * <a href="/wiki/Torpedo_Data_Computer" title="Torpedo Data Computer">Torpedo data computer</a> <hr /> * <i>Development:</i> * <a href="/wiki/Basic_training" class="mw-redirect" title="Basic training">Basic training</a> * <a href="/wiki/Military_exercise" title="Military exercise">Military manoeuvrers</a> * <a href="/wiki/Combat_training" class="mw-redirect" title="Combat training">Combat training</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Battlespace" title="Battlespace">Battlespace</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> * <a href="/wiki/Aerospace" title="Aerospace">Aerospace</a> ** <a href="/wiki/Aerial_warfare" title="Aerial warfare">Aerial</a> ** <a href="/wiki/Airborne_forces" title="Airborne forces">Airborne</a> ** <a href="/wiki/Space_warfare" title="Space warfare">Space</a> <hr /> * <a href="/wiki/Land_warfare" title="Land warfare">Land</a> ** <a href="/wiki/Cold-weather_warfare" title="Cold-weather warfare">Cold-region</a> ** <a href="/wiki/Desert_warfare" title="Desert warfare">Desert</a> ** <a href="/wiki/Fortification" title="Fortification">Fortification</a> ** <a href="/wiki/Jungle_warfare" title="Jungle warfare">Jungle</a> ** <a href="/wiki/Mountain_warfare" title="Mountain warfare">Mountain</a> ** <a href="/wiki/Urban_warfare" title="Urban warfare">Urban</a> ** <a href="/wiki/Subterranean_warfare" title="Subterranean warfare">Subterranean</a> *** <a href="/wiki/Tunnel_warfare" title="Tunnel warfare">Tunnel</a> <hr /> * <a href="/wiki/Naval_warfare" title="Naval warfare">Sea</a> ** <a href="/wiki/Amphibious_warfare" title="Amphibious warfare">Amphibious</a> ** <a href="/wiki/Blue-water_navy" title="Blue-water navy">Blue</a> ** <a href="/wiki/Brown-water_navy" title="Brown-water navy">Brown</a> ** <a href="/wiki/Green-water_navy" title="Green-water navy">Green</a> ** <a href="/wiki/Surface_warfare" title="Surface warfare">Surface</a> ** <a href="/wiki/Underwater_warfare" title="Underwater warfare">Underwater</a> *** <a href="/wiki/Seabed_warfare" title="Seabed warfare">Seabed</a> <hr /> * <a href="/wiki/Cyberwarfare" title="Cyberwarfare">Cyber</a> * <a href="/wiki/Information_warfare" title="Information warfare">Information</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Weapon" title="Weapon">Weapons</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> * <a href="/wiki/Anti-aircraft_warfare" title="Anti-aircraft warfare">Air defence</a> * <a href="/wiki/Armoured_warfare" title="Armoured warfare">Armor</a> * <a href="/wiki/Artillery" title="Artillery">Artillery</a> * <a href="/wiki/Barrage_(artillery)" title="Barrage (artillery)">Barrage</a> * <a href="/wiki/Biological_warfare" title="Biological warfare">Biological</a> * <a href="/wiki/Military_camouflage" title="Military camouflage">Camouflage</a> * <a href="/wiki/Cavalry" title="Cavalry">Cavalry</a> ** <a href="/wiki/Horses_in_warfare" title="Horses in warfare">Horses</a> ** <a href="/wiki/Cavalry_tactics#Cavalry_in_modern_warfare" title="Cavalry tactics">Air cavalry</a> * <a href="/wiki/Chemical_warfare" title="Chemical warfare">Chemical</a> * <a href="/wiki/Combined_arms" title="Combined arms">Combined arms</a> * <a href="/wiki/Conventional_warfare" title="Conventional warfare">Conventional</a> * <a href="/wiki/Cyberweapon" title="Cyberweapon">Cyber</a> * <a href="/wiki/Area_denial_weapon" title="Area denial weapon">Denial</a> * <a href="/wiki/Disinformation" title="Disinformation">Disinformation</a> * <a href="/wiki/Drone_warfare" title="Drone warfare">Drone</a> / <a href="/wiki/Military_robot" title="Military robot">Robot</a> * <a href="/wiki/Electromagnetic_warfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Electromagnetic warfare">Electromagnetic</a> * <a href="/wiki/Infantry" title="Infantry">Infantry</a> * <a href="/wiki/Loitering_munition" title="Loitering munition">Loitering</a> * <a href="/wiki/Missile_defense" title="Missile defense">Missile</a> * <a href="/wiki/Martial_music" title="Martial music">Music</a> * <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_warfare" title="Nuclear warfare">Nuclear</a> * <a href="/wiki/Psychological_warfare" title="Psychological warfare">Psychological</a> * <a href="/wiki/Radiological_warfare" title="Radiological warfare">Radiological</a> * <a href="/wiki/Submarine_warfare" title="Submarine warfare">Submarine</a> * <a href="/wiki/Unconventional_warfare" title="Unconventional warfare">Unconventional</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Military_tactics" title="Military tactics">Tactics</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_tactics" title="List of military tactics">List of military tactics</a> * <a href="/wiki/Air_combat_manoeuvring" title="Air combat manoeuvring">Aerial</a> * <a href="/wiki/Airlift" title="Airlift">Airlift</a> ** <a href="/wiki/Air_assault" title="Air assault">Air assault</a> ** <a href="/wiki/Airbridge_(logistics)" title="Airbridge (logistics)">Airbridge</a> ** <a href="/wiki/Airdrop" title="Airdrop">Airdrop</a> * <a href="/wiki/Anti-aircraft_warfare" title="Anti-aircraft warfare">Anti-aircraft</a> * <a href="/wiki/Anti-submarine_warfare" title="Anti-submarine warfare">Anti-sub</a> * <a href="/wiki/Anti-tank_warfare" title="Anti-tank warfare">Anti-tank</a> * <a href="/wiki/Battle" title="Battle">Battle</a> * <a href="/wiki/Cavalry_tactics" title="Cavalry tactics">Cavalry</a> * <a href="/wiki/Charge_(warfare)" title="Charge (warfare)">Charge</a> * <a class="mw-selflink selflink">CQC</a> * <a href="/wiki/Counterattack" title="Counterattack">Counterattack</a> * <a href="/wiki/Counterinsurgency" title="Counterinsurgency">Counterinsurgency</a> * <a href="/wiki/Convoy" title="Convoy">Convoy</a> * <a href="/wiki/Defeat_in_detail" title="Defeat in detail">Defeat in detail</a> * <a href="/wiki/Defensive_fighting_position" title="Defensive fighting position">Foxhole</a> * <a href="/wiki/Drone_warfare" title="Drone warfare">Drone</a> * <a href="/wiki/Envelopment" title="Envelopment">Envelopment</a> * <a href="/wiki/Tactical_formation" title="Tactical formation">Formation</a> * <a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_warfare" title="Guerrilla warfare">Guerrilla</a> * <a href="/wiki/Naval_tactics" title="Naval tactics">Naval</a> * <a href="/wiki/Shock_and_awe" title="Shock and awe">Rapid dominance</a> * <a href="/wiki/Encirclement" title="Encirclement">Encirclement</a> * <a href="/wiki/Investment_(military)" title="Investment (military)">Investment</a> ** <a href="/wiki/Siege" title="Siege">Siege</a> * <a href="/wiki/Swarming_(military)" title="Swarming (military)">Swarm</a> * <a href="/wiki/Screening_(tactical)" title="Screening (tactical)">Screen</a> * <a href="/wiki/Tactical_objective" title="Tactical objective">Tactical objective</a> * <a href="/wiki/Saturation_attack" title="Saturation attack">Target saturation</a> * <a href="/wiki/Trench_warfare" title="Trench warfare">Trench</a> * <a href="/wiki/Withdrawal_(military)" title="Withdrawal (military)">Withdrawal</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Operational_level_of_war" title="Operational level of war">Operational</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> * <a href="/wiki/Military_operation" title="Military operation">Military operation</a> ** <a href="/wiki/Special_operations" title="Special operations">Special</a> * <a href="/wiki/Operations_research" title="Operations research">Operations research</a> * <i><a href="/wiki/Blitzkrieg" title="Blitzkrieg">Blitzkrieg</a></i> * <a href="/wiki/Expeditionary_warfare" title="Expeditionary warfare">Expeditionary</a> * <a href="/wiki/Deep_operation" title="Deep operation">Deep operation</a> * <a href="/wiki/Maneuver_warfare" title="Maneuver warfare">Maneuver</a> * <a href="/wiki/Operational_manoeuvre_group" title="Operational manoeuvre group">Operational manoeuvre group</a> * <a href="/wiki/Raid_(military)" title="Raid (military)">Raid</a> * <a href="/wiki/Covert_operation" title="Covert operation">Covert</a> * <a href="/wiki/Stay-behind" title="Stay-behind">Stay-behind</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Military_strategy" title="Military strategy">Strategy</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><a href="/wiki/List_of_military_strategies_and_concepts" title="List of military strategies and concepts">List of military strategies and concepts</a> * <a href="/wiki/Military_campaign" title="Military campaign">Military campaign</a> * <a href="/wiki/Anti-access/area_denial" title="Anti-access/area denial">Anti-access</a> * <a href="/wiki/Attrition_warfare" title="Attrition warfare">Attrition</a> * <a href="/wiki/Commerce_raiding" title="Commerce raiding">Commerce raiding</a> * <a href="/wiki/Counter-offensive" class="mw-redirect" title="Counter-offensive">Counter-offensive</a> * <a href="/wiki/Culminating_point" title="Culminating point">Culminating</a> * <a href="/wiki/Defence_in_depth" title="Defence in depth">Defence in depth</a> * <a href="/wiki/Fabian_strategy" title="Fabian strategy">Fabian</a> * <a href="/wiki/Empty_Fort_Strategy" title="Empty Fort Strategy">Empty fort</a> * <a href="/wiki/Mosaic_Warfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Mosaic Warfare">Mosaic</a> * <a href="/wiki/Military_deception" title="Military deception">Deception</a> * <a href="/wiki/Strategic_defence" title="Strategic defence">Defensive</a> * <a href="/wiki/Strategic_depth" title="Strategic depth">Depth</a> * <a href="/wiki/Strategic_goal_(military)" title="Strategic goal (military)">Goal</a> * <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_strategy" title="Nuclear strategy">Nuclear</a> * <a href="/wiki/Naval_strategy" title="Naval strategy">Naval</a> * <a href="/wiki/Offensive_(military)" title="Offensive (military)">Offensive</a> * <a href="/wiki/Scorched_earth" title="Scorched earth">Scorched earth</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Grand_strategy" title="Grand strategy">Grand strategy</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> * <a href="/wiki/Asymmetric_warfare" title="Asymmetric warfare">Asymmetric</a> * <a href="/wiki/Blockade" title="Blockade">Blockade</a> * <a href="/wiki/Broken-backed_war_theory" title="Broken-backed war theory">Broken-backed</a> * <a href="/wiki/Class_conflict" title="Class conflict">Class</a> * <a href="/wiki/Cold_war_(general_term)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cold war (general term)">Cold war</a> * <a href="/wiki/Colonial_war" title="Colonial war">Colonial</a> * <a href="/wiki/Conquest" title="Conquest">Conquest</a> * <a href="/wiki/Containment" title="Containment">Containment</a> * <a href="/wiki/Divide_and_rule" class="mw-redirect" title="Divide and rule">Divide and conquer</a> * <a href="/wiki/Economic_warfare" title="Economic warfare">Economic</a> * <a href="/wiki/Endemic_warfare" class="mw-redirect" title="Endemic warfare">Endemic</a> * <a href="/wiki/Fleet_in_being" title="Fleet in being">Fleet in being</a> * <a href="/wiki/Irregular_warfare" title="Irregular warfare">Irregular</a> * <a href="/wiki/Wars_of_national_liberation" title="Wars of national liberation">Liberation</a> * <a href="/wiki/Limited_war" title="Limited war">Limited</a> * <a href="/wiki/Network-centric_warfare" title="Network-centric warfare">Network-centric</a> * <a href="/wiki/New_generation_warfare" title="New generation warfare">New generation</a> * <a href="/wiki/Perpetual_war" title="Perpetual war">Perpetual</a> * <a href="/wiki/Political_warfare" title="Political warfare">Political</a> * <a href="/wiki/Princely_rebellion" title="Princely rebellion">Princely</a> * <a href="/wiki/Proxy_war" title="Proxy war">Proxy</a> * <a href="/wiki/Religious_war" title="Religious war">Religious</a> * <a href="/wiki/Resource_war" title="Resource war">Resource</a> * <a href="/wiki/Strategic_studies" title="Strategic studies">Strategic</a> * <a href="/wiki/War_of_succession" title="War of succession">Succession</a> * <a href="/wiki/Military_technology" title="Military technology">Technology</a> * <a href="/wiki/Theater_(warfare)" title="Theater (warfare)">Theater</a> * <a href="/wiki/Total_war" title="Total war">Total war</a> * <a href="/wiki/World_war" title="World war">World war</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Military_administration" title="Military administration">Administrative</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> * <a href="/wiki/Military_branch" title="Military branch">Branch</a> * <a href="/wiki/Military_policy" title="Military policy">Policy</a> * <a href="/wiki/Staff_(military)" title="Staff (military)">Staff</a> * <a href="/wiki/Military_education_and_training" title="Military education and training">Training</a> * <a href="/wiki/Military_service" title="Military service">Service</a> * <a href="/wiki/Military_sociology" title="Military sociology">Sociology</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Military_organization" title="Military organization">Organization</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> * <a href="/wiki/Area_of_responsibility" title="Area of responsibility">Area of responsibility</a> * <a href="/wiki/Command_hierarchy" title="Command hierarchy">Chain of command</a> * <a href="/wiki/Command_and_control" title="Command and control">Command and control</a> * <a href="/wiki/Military_doctrine" title="Military doctrine">Doctrine</a> * <a href="/wiki/Order_of_battle" title="Order of battle">Order of battle</a> * <a href="/wiki/Principles_of_war" title="Principles of war">Principles of war</a> * <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_force" title="Economy of force">Economy of force</a> * <a href="/wiki/Military_medicine" title="Military medicine">Medicine</a> * <a href="/wiki/Military_engineering" title="Military engineering">Engineers</a> * <a href="/wiki/Military_intelligence" title="Military intelligence">Intelligence</a> * <a href="/wiki/Military_rank" title="Military rank">Ranks</a> * <a href="/wiki/Military_technology" title="Military technology">Technology and equipment</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Military_personnel" title="Military personnel">Personnel</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> * <a href="/wiki/Military_recruitment" title="Military recruitment">Recruitment</a> * <a href="/wiki/Conscription" title="Conscription">Conscription</a> * <a href="/wiki/Mobilization" title="Mobilization">Mobilization</a> * <a href="/wiki/Recruit_training" class="mw-redirect" title="Recruit training">Training</a> * <a href="/wiki/Military_specialism" title="Military specialism">Specialism</a> * <a href="/wiki/Soldier" title="Soldier">Soldier</a> * <a href="/wiki/Morale" title="Morale">Morale</a> * <a href="/wiki/Military_volunteer" title="Military volunteer">Volunteer</a> * <a href="/wiki/Women_in_the_military" title="Women in the military">Women</a> * <a href="/wiki/Children_in_the_military" title="Children in the military">Children</a> * <a href="/wiki/Transgender_people_and_military_service" title="Transgender people and military service">Transgender</a> * <a href="/wiki/Sexual_harassment_in_the_military" title="Sexual harassment in the military">Harassment</a> * <a href="/wiki/Conscientious_objector" title="Conscientious objector">Conscientious objector</a> * <a href="/wiki/Counter-recruitment" title="Counter-recruitment">Counter-recruitment</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Military_logistics" title="Military logistics">Logistics</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> * <a href="/wiki/History_of_military_logistics" title="History of military logistics">History</a> * <a href="/wiki/War_economy" title="War economy">War economy</a> * <a href="/wiki/Arms_industry" title="Arms industry">Arms industry</a> * <a href="/wiki/Materiel" title="Materiel">Materiel</a> * <a href="/wiki/Military_supply-chain_management" title="Military supply-chain management">Supply-chain management</a> * <a href="/wiki/Military%E2%80%93industrial_complex" title="Military–industrial complex">Military–industrial complex</a> * <a href="/wiki/Military_base" title="Military base">Base</a> ** <a href="/wiki/Main_operating_base" title="Main operating base">MOB</a> ** <a href="/wiki/Forward_operating_base" title="Forward operating base">FOB</a> ** <a href="/wiki/Outpost_(military)" title="Outpost (military)">Outpost</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Military_science" title="Military science">Science</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> * <a href="/wiki/Power_projection" title="Power projection">Power projection</a> * <a href="/wiki/Loss-of-strength_gradient" title="Loss-of-strength gradient">Loss-of-strength gradient</a> * <a href="/wiki/Lanchester%27s_laws" title="Lanchester's laws">Lanchester's laws</a> ** <a href="/wiki/Force_multiplication" title="Force multiplication">Force multiplication</a> * <a href="/wiki/Morale" title="Morale">Morale</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Law_of_war" title="Law of war">Law</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> * <a href="/wiki/Military_occupation" title="Military occupation">Occupation</a> * <a href="/wiki/Armistice" title="Armistice">Armistice</a> * <a href="/wiki/Ceasefire" title="Ceasefire">Ceasefire</a> * <a href="/wiki/Court-martial" title="Court-martial">Court-martial</a> * <a href="/wiki/Desertion" title="Desertion">Desertion</a> * <a href="/wiki/Geneva_Conventions" title="Geneva Conventions">Geneva Conventions</a> * <a href="/wiki/Geneva_Protocol" title="Geneva Protocol">Geneva Protocol</a> * <a href="/wiki/Islamic_military_jurisprudence" title="Islamic military jurisprudence">Islamic rules</a> * <a href="/wiki/Military_justice" title="Military justice">Justice</a> * <a href="/wiki/Combatant" title="Combatant">Lawful</a> / <a href="/wiki/Unlawful_combatant" title="Unlawful combatant">Unlawful combatant</a> * <a href="/wiki/Perfidy" title="Perfidy">Perfidy</a> * <a href="/wiki/Regular_army" title="Regular army">Regular</a> / <a href="/wiki/Irregular_military" title="Irregular military">Irregular</a> * <a href="/wiki/Jewish_laws_on_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish laws on war">Jewish laws on war</a> * <a href="/wiki/Rules_of_engagement" title="Rules of engagement">Rules of engagement</a> * <a href="/wiki/Martial_law" title="Martial law">Martial law</a> * <a href="/wiki/War_crime" title="War crime">War crime</a> * <a href="/wiki/War_treason" title="War treason">War treason</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Military_theory" title="Military theory">Theory</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> * <a href="/wiki/Air_supremacy" title="Air supremacy">Air supremacy</a> * <a href="/wiki/Appeasement" title="Appeasement">Appeasement</a> * <a href="/wiki/Command_of_the_sea" title="Command of the sea">Command of the sea</a> * <a href="/wiki/Deterrence_theory" title="Deterrence theory">Deterrence theory</a> * <a href="/wiki/Full-spectrum_dominance" title="Full-spectrum dominance">Full-spectrum dominance</a> * <a href="/wiki/Overmatch" title="Overmatch">Overmatch</a> * <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unrestricted_warfare&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unrestricted warfare (page does not exist)">Unrestricted warfare</a></i> * <a href="/wiki/Just_war_theory" title="Just war theory">Just war theory</a> * <a href="/wiki/Principles_of_war" title="Principles of war">Principles of war</a> * <a href="/wiki/Philosophy_of_war" title="Philosophy of war">Philosophy of war</a> * <a href="/wiki/Security_dilemma" title="Security dilemma">Security dilemma</a> ** <a href="/wiki/Tripwire_force" title="Tripwire force">Tripwire force</a> * <a href="/wiki/Professional_wargaming" title="Professional wargaming">Wargaming</a> ** <a href="/wiki/Military_simulation" title="Military simulation">Simulation</a> ** <a href="/wiki/Military_exercise" title="Military exercise">Exercises</a> * <a href="/wiki/Combat_effectiveness" title="Combat effectiveness">Combat effectiveness</a> * <a href="/wiki/Center_of_gravity_(military)" title="Center of gravity (military)">Center of gravity</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Military_operations_other_than_war" title="Military operations other than war">Non-warfare</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> * <a href="/wiki/Arms_control" title="Arms control">Arms control</a> * <a href="/wiki/Counter-insurgency" class="mw-redirect" title="Counter-insurgency">Counter-insurgency</a> * <a href="/wiki/Deterrence_theory" title="Deterrence theory">Deterrence</a> * <a href="/wiki/Disaster_response" title="Disaster response">Disaster response</a> * <a href="/wiki/Grey-zone_(international_relations)" title="Grey-zone (international relations)">Grey-zone</a> * <a href="/wiki/Gunboat_diplomacy" title="Gunboat diplomacy">Gunboat diplomacy</a> * <a href="/wiki/Humanitarian_aid" title="Humanitarian aid">Humanitarian aid</a> * <a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement" title="Law enforcement">Law enforcement</a> * <a href="/wiki/Low-intensity_conflict" title="Low-intensity conflict">Low-intensity conflict</a> * <a href="/wiki/Military_engineering" title="Military engineering">Military engineering</a> * <a href="/wiki/Peacekeeping" title="Peacekeeping">Peacekeeping</a> ** <a href="/wiki/Peacebuilding" title="Peacebuilding">Peacebuilding</a> ** <a href="/wiki/Peace_through_strength" title="Peace through strength">Peace through strength</a> * <a href="/wiki/Show_of_force" title="Show of force">Show of force</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Military_tradition" title="Military tradition">Culture</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> * <a href="/wiki/Military_awards_and_decorations" title="Military awards and decorations">Awards and decorations</a> * <a href="/wiki/Battle_cry" title="Battle cry">Battle cry</a> * <a href="/wiki/Warrior" title="Warrior">Warrior</a> * <a href="/wiki/War_film" title="War film">War film</a> * <a href="/wiki/Military_science_fiction" title="Military science fiction">Military science fiction</a> * <a href="/wiki/War_novel" title="War novel">War novel</a> * <a href="/wiki/Anti-war_movement" title="Anti-war movement">Anti-war movement</a> * <a href="/wiki/Foot_drill" title="Foot drill">Foot drill</a> * <a href="/wiki/War_song" title="War song">War song</a> * <a href="/wiki/Military_uniform" title="Military uniform">Uniform</a> * <a href="/wiki/Wargame" title="Wargame">Wargame</a> * <a href="/wiki/Militarization" title="Militarization">Militarization</a> / <a href="/wiki/Militarism" title="Militarism">Militarism</a> * <a href="/wiki/Camp_follower" title="Camp follower">Camp follower</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)">Books</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> * <a href="/wiki/Seven_Military_Classics" title="Seven Military Classics">Seven Military Classics</a> ** <a href="/wiki/The_Art_of_War" title="The Art of War">The Art of War</a> * <a href="/wiki/De_re_militari" title="De re militari">De re militari</a> * <a href="/wiki/Strategemata" title="Strategemata">Strategemata</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)">Related</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> * <a href="/wiki/Women_in_war" title="Women in war">Women in war</a> * <a href="/wiki/War_resister" title="War resister">War resister</a> * <a href="/wiki/War_studies" title="War studies">War studies</a> * <a href="/wiki/Horses_in_warfare" title="Horses in warfare">Horses in warfare</a> * <a href="/wiki/Wartime_sexual_violence" title="Wartime sexual violence">Wartime sexual violence</a> * <a href="/wiki/Fifth_column" title="Fifth column">Fifth column</a> * <a href="/wiki/Mercenary" title="Mercenary">Mercenary</a> * <a href="/wiki/Privateer" title="Privateer">Privateer</a> * <a href="/wiki/Private_military_company" title="Private military company">Private military company</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:transparent;border-top:1px solid #aaa;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_lists" title="Category:Military lists">Lists</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> * <a href="/wiki/Lists_of_battles" title="Lists of battles">Battles</a> * <a href="/wiki/List_of_military_occupations" title="List of military occupations">Military occupations</a> * <a href="/wiki/List_of_established_military_terms" title="List of established military terms">Military terms</a> * <a href="/wiki/List_of_military_operations" title="List of military operations">Operations</a> * <a href="/wiki/List_of_sieges" title="List of sieges">Sieges</a> * <a href="/wiki/List_of_war_crimes" title="List of war crimes">War crimes</a> * <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_war#Wars" title="Outline of war">Wars</a> * <a href="/wiki/Lists_of_weapons" title="Lists of weapons">Weapons</a> * <a href="/wiki/List_of_military_writers" title="List of military writers">Writers</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:War" title="Template:War"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:War" title="Template talk:War"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:War" title="Special:EditPage/Template:War"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Close-quarters battle</b> (<b>CQB</b>), also called <b>close-quarters combat</b> (<b>CQC</b>), is a close combat situation between multiple <a href="/wiki/Combatant" title="Combatant">combatants</a> involving ranged (typically <a href="/wiki/Firearm" title="Firearm">firearm</a>-based) or <a href="/wiki/Melee" title="Melee">melee</a> combat.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It can occur between <a href="/wiki/Military" title="Military">military</a> units, <a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement" title="Law enforcement">law enforcement</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crime" title="Crime">criminal</a> elements, and in other similar situations. CQB is typically defined as a short duration, high intensity conflict characterized by sudden violence at close range.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Close-quarters_battle&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Close-quarters battle has occurred since the beginning of warfare, in the form of melee combat, the use of ranged weaponry (such as <a href="/wiki/Sling_(weapon)" title="Sling (weapon)">slings</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bow_and_arrow" title="Bow and arrow">bows</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Musket" title="Musket">muskets</a>) at close range, and the necessity of <a href="/wiki/Bayonet" title="Bayonet">bayonets</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="Bayonets are not essential, so what is this trying to say? (November 2024)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> During <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, CQB was a significant part of <a href="/wiki/Trench_warfare" title="Trench warfare">trench warfare</a>, where enemy soldiers would fight in close and narrow quarters in attempts to capture trenches. </p><p>The origins of modern close-quarters battle lie in the combat methods pioneered by Assistant Commissioner <a href="/wiki/William_E._Fairbairn" title="William E. Fairbairn">William E. Fairbairn</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Municipal_Police" title="Shanghai Municipal Police">Shanghai Municipal Police</a>, the police force of the <a href="/wiki/Shanghai_International_Settlement" title="Shanghai International Settlement">Shanghai International Settlement</a> (1854–1943).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> After the 1925 <a href="/wiki/May_Thirtieth_Movement" title="May Thirtieth Movement">May Thirtieth Movement</a>, Fairbairn was tasked with developing a dedicated auxiliary squad for <a href="/wiki/Riot_control" title="Riot control">riot control</a> and aggressive policing. After absorbing the most appropriate elements from a variety of <a href="/wiki/Martial_arts" title="Martial arts">martial arts</a> experts, Fairbairn condensed these arts into a martial art he called "<a href="/wiki/Defendu" title="Defendu">defendu</a>". The aim of defendu was to be as brutally effective as possible, while also being relatively easy for recruits and trainees to learn compared to other martial arts. The method incorporated both less-lethal and lethal fighting tactics, such as <a href="/wiki/Point_shooting" title="Point shooting">point shooting</a>, firearm combat techniques, and the use of more ad hoc weapons such as chairs or table legs. </p><p>During <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, Fairbairn was recruited to train <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allied</a> special forces in defendu. During this period, he expanded defendu's lethality for military purposes, calling it the "Silent Killing Close Quarters Combat method"; this became standard combat training for British special forces. He also published a textbook for CQB training called <i>Get Tough</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-CHAM_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CHAM-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">U.S. Army</a> officers <a href="/wiki/Rex_Applegate" title="Rex Applegate">Rex Applegate</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anthony_Joseph_Drexel_Biddle_Sr." title="Anthony Joseph Drexel Biddle Sr.">Anthony Biddle</a> were taught Fairbairn's methods at a training facility in Scotland, and adopted the program for the training of Allied operatives at <a href="/wiki/Camp_X" title="Camp X">Camp X</a> in Ontario, Canada. Applegate published his work in 1943, called <i>Kill or Get Killed</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the war, training was provided to <a href="/wiki/Commandos_(United_Kingdom)" title="Commandos (United Kingdom)">British Commandos</a>, the <a href="/wiki/First_Special_Service_Force" title="First Special Service Force">First Special Service Force</a>, <a href="/wiki/Office_of_Strategic_Services" title="Office of Strategic Services">OSS</a> operatives, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Rangers" title="United States Army Rangers">U.S. Army Rangers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Marine_Raiders" title="Marine Raiders">Marine Raiders</a>. Other military martial arts were later introduced elsewhere, including European <a href="/wiki/Unifight" title="Unifight">Unifight</a>, Chinese <a href="/wiki/Sanda_(sport)" title="Sanda (sport)">sanshou</a>, Soviet <a href="/wiki/Sambo_(martial_art)" title="Sambo (martial art)">sambo</a>, and the Israeli <a href="/wiki/Kapap" title="Kapap">kapap</a> and <a href="/wiki/Krav_Maga" title="Krav Maga">Krav Maga</a>. </p><p>For a lengthy period following World War II, urban warfare and CQB had barely changed in infantry tactics. Modern firearm CQB tactics were developed in the 1970s as "close-quarters battle" by Western <a href="/wiki/Counterterrorism" title="Counterterrorism">counterterrorist</a> <a href="/wiki/Special_forces" title="Special forces">special forces</a> units following the 1972 <a href="/wiki/Munich_massacre" title="Munich massacre">Munich massacre</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The units trained in the aftermath of the massacre, such as the <a href="/wiki/Special_Air_Service" title="Special Air Service">Special Air Service</a>, <a href="/wiki/Delta_Force" title="Delta Force">Delta Force</a>, <a href="/wiki/GSG_9" title="GSG 9">GSG 9</a>, <a href="/wiki/GIGN" title="GIGN">GIGN</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Joint_Task_Force_2" title="Joint Task Force 2">Joint Task Force 2</a>, developed CQB tactics involving firearms to quickly and precisely assault structures while minimizing friendly and <a href="/wiki/Hostage" title="Hostage">hostage</a> casualties; these CQB tactics were shared between these special forces units, who were closely-knit and frequently trained together.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Special Air Service used CQB tactics during the 1980 <a href="/wiki/Iranian_Embassy_siege" title="Iranian Embassy siege">Iranian Embassy siege</a>. CQB tactics soon reached <a href="/wiki/Police_tactical_unit" title="Police tactical unit">police tactical units</a> and similar <a href="/wiki/Paramilitary" title="Paramilitary">paramilitaries</a>, such as American <a href="/wiki/SWAT" title="SWAT">SWAT</a> teams, by the 1980s and 1990s.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, CQB was still not widely taught to regular <a href="/wiki/Infantry" title="Infantry">infantry</a>, as it was considered a hostage rescue tactic.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As late as the 1990s, some infantry manuals on urban combat described close-quarters room clearing essentially the same basic way it was described 60 years prior: a grenade being thrown into an enclosed area, followed by an infantry assault with automatic fire.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The special forces "monopoly" on CQB was broken following the experiences of urban warfare and close-quarters battles in the 1990s, during the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Mogadishu_(1993)" title="Battle of Mogadishu (1993)">Battle of Mogadishu</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bosnian_War" title="Bosnian War">Bosnian War</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/First_Chechen_War" title="First Chechen War">First Chechen War</a>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/First_Battle_of_Fallujah" title="First Battle of Fallujah">First</a> and <a href="/wiki/Second_Battle_of_Fallujah" title="Second Battle of Fallujah">Second Battles of Fallujah</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Iraq_War" title="Iraq War">Iraq War</a> were the watershed moments for infantry CQB, when <a href="/wiki/United_States_Marine_Corps" title="United States Marine Corps">U.S. Marines</a>, under pressure to capture the city of <a href="/wiki/Fallujah" title="Fallujah">Fallujah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iraq" title="Iraq">Iraq</a> from <a href="/wiki/Iraqi_insurgency_(2003%E2%80%932011)" title="Iraqi insurgency (2003–2011)">insurgents</a>, used conventional <a href="/wiki/Combined_arms" title="Combined arms">combined arms</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fire_support" title="Fire support">fire support</a> against the city, and lacked proper CQB training and equipment to effectively clear buildings, causing numerous civilian and allied casualties and severely damaging the city.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With similar struggles in towns and cities among <a href="/wiki/ABCANZ_Armies" title="ABCANZ Armies">ABCA Armies</a> during the <a href="/wiki/War_in_Afghanistan_(2001%E2%80%932021)" title="War in Afghanistan (2001–2021)">War in Afghanistan</a>, a proper approach to infantry in urban warfare became crucial, and CQB tactics began to be more widely taught to infantry.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to scholar Anthony King, some special forces units <a href="/wiki/Interservice_rivalry" title="Interservice rivalry">express disdain</a> at regular infantry being taught CQB, especially in organizational politics and internal matters such as securing budgets; a unit with CQB training requires expensive equipment and training facilities, using up funding that could be used for other units or purposes.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Examples">Examples</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Close-quarters_battle&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Examples"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Spotsylvania_Court_House" title="Battle of Spotsylvania Court House">Battle of Spotsylvania Court House</a> took place between 9 and 21 May 1864 during the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a>. The men of the Northern and Southern armies were periodically forced into a bloody hand-to-hand struggle reminiscent of ancient battles, with the men using swords, knives, bayonets, and even with sticks and bare hands.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Isandlwana" title="Battle of Isandlwana">Battle of Isandlwana</a> on 22 January 1879, the first battle in the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Zulu_War" title="Anglo-Zulu War">Anglo-Zulu War</a>, turned into close combat when the British exhausted their ammunition. It resulted in a decisive victory for Zulus over the modern British army.</li> <li>On 22 October 1986, during the <a href="/wiki/Pudu_Prison_siege" class="mw-redirect" title="Pudu Prison siege">Pudu Prison siege</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Pasukan_Gerakan_Khas" title="Pasukan Gerakan Khas">Special Actions Unit</a> (special ops unit of the Royal Malaysia Police) turned to hand-to-hand combat, using batons and rattan canes, after the Malaysian Prime Minister ordered the resolution of the hostage crisis without the use of firearms. The result was a victory for the police, and the five prisoners holding hostages in Pudu Prison were arrested.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Danny_Boy" title="Battle of Danny Boy">Battle of Danny Boy</a> took place close to the city of Amarah in southern Iraq on 14 May 2004, between British soldiers and about 100 Iraqi insurgents of the Mahdi Army. The insurgents ambushed a patrol of Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders close to a checkpoint known as Danny Boy near Majar al-Kabir. The Argylls called in reinforcements from the 1st Battalion of the Princess of Wales's Royal Regiment; the latter were also ambushed, and due to an electronic communications failure, it was some time before further British relief arrived. While waiting for reinforcements, the British were involved in one of the fiercest engagements they fought in Iraq. The fighting involved close-quarter rifle fire and bayonets. The battle lasted for about three hours, during which 28 Mahdi Army insurgents were killed; the British suffered some wounded, but none were killed in the action.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use">Use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Close-quarters_battle&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military">Military</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Close-quarters_battle&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Military"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SpecialForces_with_M4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/SpecialForces_with_M4.jpg/220px-SpecialForces_with_M4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/SpecialForces_with_M4.jpg/330px-SpecialForces_with_M4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/SpecialForces_with_M4.jpg/440px-SpecialForces_with_M4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1728" data-file-height="1152" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">U.S. Army</a> <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army_Special_Forces" title="United States Army Special Forces">Special Forces</a> soldier preparing to breach a structure during training</figcaption></figure> <p>Military uses of close-quarters battle vary by unit type, branch, and mission. <a href="/wiki/Military_operations_other_than_war" title="Military operations other than war">Military operations other than war</a> (MOOTW) may involve <a href="/wiki/Peacekeeping" title="Peacekeeping">peacekeeping</a> or <a href="/wiki/Riot_control" title="Riot control">riot control</a>. Specialized forces may adapt MOUT tactics to their own needs, such as <a href="/wiki/Marines" title="Marines">marine</a> <a href="/wiki/Naval_boarding" title="Naval boarding">naval boarding</a> teams being trained specifically to search <a href="/wiki/Ship" title="Ship">ships</a> and fight CQB within them. Hostage rescue or extraction units may involve even more esoteric adaptations or variations, depending on environments, weapons technology, political considerations, or personnel.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Armies that often engage in urban warfare operations may train most of their infantry in basic CQB doctrine as it relates to common tasks such as building entry, clearing a room, and using different types of grenades.<sup id="cite_ref-ranger_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ranger-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Police_and_law_enforcement">Police and law enforcement</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Close-quarters_battle&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Police and law enforcement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Atlantic_City_SWAT_low_light_tactical_training_at_JT2DC_161014-Z-NI803-260.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Atlantic_City_SWAT_low_light_tactical_training_at_JT2DC_161014-Z-NI803-260.jpg/220px-Atlantic_City_SWAT_low_light_tactical_training_at_JT2DC_161014-Z-NI803-260.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Atlantic_City_SWAT_low_light_tactical_training_at_JT2DC_161014-Z-NI803-260.jpg/330px-Atlantic_City_SWAT_low_light_tactical_training_at_JT2DC_161014-Z-NI803-260.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Atlantic_City_SWAT_low_light_tactical_training_at_JT2DC_161014-Z-NI803-260.jpg/440px-Atlantic_City_SWAT_low_light_tactical_training_at_JT2DC_161014-Z-NI803-260.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_City_Police_Department" title="Atlantic City Police Department">Atlantic City Police Department</a> <a href="/wiki/SWAT" title="SWAT">SWAT</a> officers conducting CQB training</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Police_tactical_unit" title="Police tactical unit">Police tactical units</a> (PTU) are the primary units that engage in CQB domestically. Situations involving the potential for CQB generally involve threats outside of conventional police capabilities, and thus PTUs are trained, equipped, and organized to handle these situations. Additionally, police action is often within what can be considered "close quarters", so members of PTUs are often well-trained in or already experienced with CQB, to the point that some PTUs may train military service members in CQB principles such as breaching and room clearing. </p><p>Police CQB doctrine is often specialized by unit type and mission. Depending on the unit or agency's jurisdiction or scope, PTUs may have different goals with different tactics and technology; for example, <a href="/wiki/Prison_officer" title="Prison officer">prison guards</a> may maintain a unit trained in CQB in compact indoors areas such as <a href="/wiki/Prison_cell" title="Prison cell">cells</a> without using lethal force, while a police anti-gang unit may be trained in CQB against multiple enemies that may be difficult to identify. </p><p>Unlike their military counterparts, PTUs, as law enforcement officers, are tasked with ideally apprehending suspects alive; for this reason, they are often trained in <a href="/wiki/Arrest" title="Arrest">arrest</a> procedures, non-lethal takedowns, and standoff negotiation instead of solely combat. They may be equipped with <a href="/wiki/Non-lethal_weapon" title="Non-lethal weapon">less-lethal weaponry</a> such as <a href="/wiki/Taser" title="Taser">tasers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pepper_spray" title="Pepper spray">pepper spray</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Riot_gun" title="Riot gun">riot guns</a> to fire <a href="/wiki/Tear_gas" title="Tear gas">tear gas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rubber_bullet" title="Rubber bullet">rubber bullets</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plastic_bullet" title="Plastic bullet">plastic bullets</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Flexible_baton_round" class="mw-redirect" title="Flexible baton round">beanbag rounds</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Private_industry">Private industry</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Close-quarters_battle&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Private industry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Security_company" title="Security company">Private security</a> and <a href="/wiki/Private_military_company" title="Private military company">private military companies</a> may maintain units that are trained in CQB. These teams may be responsible for responding to an incident at a facility operated by a government agency that has hired their security services, or to provide protection for VIPs in combat zones. For instance, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_State" title="United States Department of State">U.S. Department of State</a> employed such security teams in Iraq.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Private military and security companies known to maintain units that are trained in, or are capable of training other units in, CQB include <a href="/wiki/Blackwater_(company)" title="Blackwater (company)">Blackwater</a> and <a href="/wiki/SCG_International_Risk" title="SCG International Risk">SCG International Risk</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Close-quarters_battle&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_established_military_terms" title="List of established military terms">List of established military terms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand-to-hand_combat" title="Hand-to-hand combat">Hand-to-hand combat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kill_house" title="Kill house">Kill house</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knife_fight" title="Knife fight">Knife fight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozambique_Drill" title="Mozambique Drill">Mozambique Drill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charge_(warfare)" title="Charge (warfare)">Charge (warfare)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Combatives" title="Combatives">Combatives</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Close-quarters_battle&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1">"Overview". <i>U.S. Marine Close Combat Fighting Handbook</i>. Skyhorse Publishing Inc. 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Overview&rft.btitle=U.S.+Marine+Close+Combat+Fighting+Handbook&rft.pub=Skyhorse+Publishing+Inc.&rft.date=2011&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClose-quarters+battle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Royal Air Force Common Core and Deployment Skills Aide-Memoire AP 3242B VOL 5, ABBREVIATIONS</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CHAM-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CHAM_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Chambers, John W., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/history/history/online_books/oss/index.htm"><i>OSS Training in the National Parks and Service Abroad in World War II</i></a>, Washington, D.C., U.S. National Park Service (2008), p. 191.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141015133818/http://www.aikiproductions.com/history-of-modern-self-defense/">"History of Modern Self-Defence"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aikiproductions.com/history-of-modern-self-defense/">the original</a> on 15 October 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 November</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+Modern+Self-Defence&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aikiproductions.com%2Fhistory-of-modern-self-defense%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClose-quarters+battle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_5-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKing2015" class="citation journal cs1">King, Anthony C. (25 June 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0095327x15588292">"Close Quarters Battle: Urban Combat and 'Special Forcification'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Armed Forces & Society</i>. <b>42</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">276–</span>300. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0095327x15588292">10.1177/0095327x15588292</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10871%2F17093">10871/17093</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0095-327X">0095-327X</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:146961496">146961496</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Armed+Forces+%26+Society&rft.atitle=Close+Quarters+Battle%3A+Urban+Combat+and+%27Special+Forcification%27&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E276-%3C%2Fspan%3E300&rft.date=2015-06-25&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10871%2F17093&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A146961496%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0095-327X&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F0095327x15588292&rft.aulast=King&rft.aufirst=Anthony+C.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1177%2F0095327x15588292&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClose-quarters+battle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFordTim_Ripley2001" class="citation book cs1">Ford, Roger; Tim Ripley (2001). <i>The whites of their eyes: close-quarter combat</i>. Brassey's. p. 16. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57488-379-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57488-379-4"><bdi>978-1-57488-379-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+whites+of+their+eyes%3A+close-quarter+combat&rft.pages=16&rft.pub=Brassey%27s&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-57488-379-4&rft.aulast=Ford&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft.au=Tim+Ripley&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClose-quarters+battle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ranger-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ranger_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFU_S_Department_of_Defense2007" class="citation book cs1">U S Department of Defense (2007). <i>U.S. Army Ranger Handbook</i>. Skyhorse Publishing Inc. pp. <span class="nowrap">200–</span>206. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60239-052-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60239-052-2"><bdi>978-1-60239-052-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=U.S.+Army+Ranger+Handbook&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E200-%3C%2Fspan%3E206&rft.pub=Skyhorse+Publishing+Inc.&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-1-60239-052-2&rft.au=U+S+Department+of+Defense&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClose-quarters+battle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFitzsimmons2016" class="citation book cs1">Fitzsimmons, Scott (2016). <i>Private Security Companies during the Iraq War: Military Performance and the Use of Deadly Force</i>. Oxon: Routledge. p. 43. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781138844261" title="Special:BookSources/9781138844261"><bdi>9781138844261</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Private+Security+Companies+during+the+Iraq+War%3A+Military+Performance+and+the+Use+of+Deadly+Force&rft.place=Oxon&rft.pages=43&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9781138844261&rft.aulast=Fitzsimmons&rft.aufirst=Scott&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClose-quarters+battle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAxelrod2013" class="citation book cs1">Axelrod, Alan (2013). <i>Mercenaries: A Guide to Private Armies and Private Military Companies</i>. 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Washington, D.C.: Potomac Books, Inc. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americascovertwa0000engb/page/87">87</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781597972383" title="Special:BookSources/9781597972383"><bdi>9781597972383</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=America%27s+Covert+Warriors%3A+Inside+the+World+of+Private+Military+Contractors&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.C.&rft.pages=87&rft.pub=Potomac+Books%2C+Inc.&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9781597972383&rft.aulast=Engbrecht&rft.aufirst=Shawn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Famericascovertwa0000engb%2Fpage%2F87&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AClose-quarters+battle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Close-quarters_battle&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Close_quarters_combat_training" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Close quarters combat training">Close quarters combat training</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA489647.pdf">Lessons Learned: Infantry Squad Tactics in Military Operations in Urban Terrain During Operation Phantom Fury in Fallujah, Iraq</a> - Earl J. 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