Policy & Advocacy Priorities

<!doctype html>      <html itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/Organization" class="no-js" lang="en-US">  <head>  <meta charset="utf-8">  <title> Policy & Advocacy Priorities - SPARC </title> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <meta content="yes" name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable"> <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="black-translucent">  <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="SPARC" href="https://sparcopen.org/feed/"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="SPARC" href="https://sparcopen.org/feed/atom/">  <link rel="shortcut icon" sizes="16x16 24x24 32x32 48x48 64x64" href="https://sparcopen.org/favicon.ico"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="https://sparcopen.org/wp-content/themes/wideeyecreative/img/favicons/favicon-57.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="57x57" href="https://sparcopen.org/wp-content/themes/wideeyecreative/img/favicons/favicon-57.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="https://sparcopen.org/wp-content/themes/wideeyecreative/img/favicons/favicon-72.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="https://sparcopen.org/wp-content/themes/wideeyecreative/img/favicons/favicon-114.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="https://sparcopen.org/wp-content/themes/wideeyecreative/img/favicons/favicon-120.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="https://sparcopen.org/wp-content/themes/wideeyecreative/img/favicons/favicon-144.png"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="https://sparcopen.org/wp-content/themes/wideeyecreative/img/favicons/favicon-152.png"> <meta name="application-name" content="SPARC"> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://sparcopen.org/wp-content/themes/wideeyecreative/img/favicons/favicon-144.png"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#ffffff">  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.5/css/bootstrap.min.css">  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.5/css/bootstrap-theme.min.css">  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/font-awesome/4.4.0/css/font-awesome.min.css">  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://sparcopen.org/wp-content/themes/wideeyecreative/css/magnific.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://sparcopen.org/wp-content/themes/wideeyecreative/build/style.min.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://sparcopen.org/wp-content/themes/wideeyecreative/style.css">   <meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' /> <style>img:is([sizes="auto" i], [sizes^="auto," i]) { contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px }</style>  <meta name="description" content="SPARC advocates for policies at the local, national, and international level that promote openness in research and education." /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://sparcopen.org/what-we-do/active-policy/" /> <link rel="next" href="https://sparcopen.org/what-we-do/active-policy/page/2/" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Policy & Advocacy Priorities - SPARC" /> <meta property="og:description" content="SPARC advocates for policies at the local, national, and international level that promote openness in research and education." /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://sparcopen.org/what-we-do/active-policy/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="SPARC" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://sparcopen.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/sparc-logo-gray2.png" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="627" /> <meta property="og:image:type" content="image/png" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"CollectionPage","@id":"https://sparcopen.org/what-we-do/active-policy/","url":"https://sparcopen.org/what-we-do/active-policy/","name":"Policy & Advocacy Priorities - SPARC","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://sparcopen.org/#website"},"description":"SPARC advocates for policies at the local, national, and international level that promote openness in research and education.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://sparcopen.org/what-we-do/active-policy/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://sparcopen.org/what-we-do/active-policy/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://sparcopen.org/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"Policy & Advocacy"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://sparcopen.org/#website","url":"https://sparcopen.org/","name":"SPARC","description":"Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition","publisher":{"@id":"https://sparcopen.org/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://sparcopen.org/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https://sparcopen.org/#organization","name":"SPARC","url":"https://sparcopen.org/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://sparcopen.org/#/schema/logo/image/","url":"https://sparcopen.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/A.png","contentUrl":"https://sparcopen.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/A.png","width":624,"height":624,"caption":"SPARC"},"image":{"@id":"https://sparcopen.org/#/schema/logo/image/"}}]}</script>  <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//ajax.googleapis.com' /> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/sparcopen.org\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=6.7.1"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); /* ]]> */ </script> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel="stylesheet" id="wp-block-library-css" href="https://sparcopen.org/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=6.7.1" media="all"> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css' type='text/css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <style id='akismet-widget-style-inline-css' type='text/css'> .a-stats { --akismet-color-mid-green: #357b49; --akismet-color-white: #fff; --akismet-color-light-grey: #f6f7f7; max-width: 350px; width: auto; } .a-stats * { all: unset; box-sizing: border-box; } .a-stats strong { font-weight: 600; } .a-stats a.a-stats__link, .a-stats a.a-stats__link:visited, .a-stats a.a-stats__link:active { background: var(--akismet-color-mid-green); border: none; box-shadow: none; border-radius: 8px; color: var(--akismet-color-white); cursor: pointer; display: block; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', 'Roboto', 'Oxygen-Sans', 'Ubuntu', 'Cantarell', 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; font-weight: 500; padding: 12px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.2s ease; } /* Extra specificity to deal with TwentyTwentyOne focus style */ .widget .a-stats a.a-stats__link:focus { background: var(--akismet-color-mid-green); color: var(--akismet-color-white); text-decoration: none; } .a-stats a.a-stats__link:hover { filter: brightness(110%); box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06), 0 0 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.16); } .a-stats .count { color: var(--akismet-color-white); display: block; font-size: 1.5em; line-height: 1.4; padding: 0 13px; white-space: nowrap; } </style> <script type="text/javascript" src="//ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.9.1/jquery.min.js?ver=1.9.1" id="jquery-js"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://sparcopen.org/wp-json/" /><link rel="icon" href="https://sparcopen.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/cropped-sparc-fav-ico-32x32.png" sizes="32x32" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://sparcopen.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/cropped-sparc-fav-ico-192x192.png" sizes="192x192" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://sparcopen.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/cropped-sparc-fav-ico-180x180.png" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://sparcopen.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/cropped-sparc-fav-ico-270x270.png" /> </head> <body class="archive tax-resourcecategory term-active-policy term-3"> <a class="skip-link" href="#site-canvas" style="position: absolute; top: -1000000px;">Skip to main content</a> <div id="site-wrap"> <div class="toggle-nav-holder"> <div href="#" class="toggle-nav"> <div></div> <div></div> </div> </div> <div id="mobile-nav"> <ul id="menu-main-menu" class="menu"> <div id="mobile-nav"> <nav class="menu-main-menu-container" role="navigation"> <a href="https://sparcopen.org" id="branding"> <svg version="1.1" id="Layer_8" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="175px" height="58px" viewBox="0 0 390 80" enable-background="new 0 0 390 80" xml:space="preserve">  <g> <path fill="#FFFFFF" d="M33,34c-9-2.52-14.16-4.47-14.16-10,0-4.1,3.54-6.89,10-6.89A20.36,20.36,0,0,1,44.21,24.7l0.1,0.11a2.7,2.7,0,0,0, 2.06.95,2.67,2.67,0,0,0,1.49-.45l0.26-.19,0,0,0.24-.18,5.4-4.1,0.73-.56a2.79,2.79,0,0,0,.76-1.91,2.72,2.72,0,0, 0-.47-1.54h0l-0.24-.31c-5-6.37-13.06-11.75-25.65-11.75C14.11,4.72,4,12.45,4,25.31,4,39.75,16.9,42.92,29.2,46.37c9,2.52, 14,4.75,14,10s-5,7.92-12,7.92A20.23,20.23,0,0,1,14,55.1l0,0-0.08-.12-0.07-.1a2.94,2.94,0,0,0-2.39-1.21,3,3,0,0, 0-1.38.33h0l-0.28.17L3.87,57.65l-0.25.15-0.45.26A2.78,2.78,0,0,0,2,60.31a2.72,2.72,0,0,0,.29,1.24L2.59,62c5.37,8.46,14.3, 14.3,27.83,14.3,19.19,0,27.58-9.88,27.58-21C58,41.06,45.13,37.24,33,34Z"/> <path fill="#FFFFFF" d="M93.65,6H71.36a2.78,2.78,0,0,0-2.78,2.78V72.19A2.78,2.78,0,0,0,71.36,75h9.54a2.78,2.78,0,0,0,2.77-2.64V50.47h9.78c13.79, 0,28.32-3.82,28.32-22.36C121.78,9.94,108.37,6,93.65,6ZM94,38.73H83.68V21.2h0a2.78,2.78,0,0,1,2.78-2.78H94c9.5,0,12.95,3.64,12.95, 10.06C107,35.1,103.43,38.73,94,38.73Z"/> <path fill="#FFFFFF" d="M157.49,7.73a2,2,0,0,0-.1-0.28,2.78,2.78,0,0,0-2.57-1.7h-10.5a2.78,2.78,0,0,0-2.66,2L117.94,75h12a2.79,2.79,0,0,0, 2.66-2l4.64-13.42h23.48l4.37,13.13h0l0.23,0.66A2.77,2.77,0,0,0,167.81,75H181.2ZM141,48.6l8.1-23.48h0.18l7.92,23.48H141Z"/> <path fill="#FFFFFF" d="M227.86,47c9.22-2.79,14.35-8.76,14.35-19.66C242.21,12.08,232,6,215.09,6H192a2.79,2.79,0,0,0-2.78,2.78V72.19A2.79,2.79,0,0,0,192, 75h9.35a2.78,2.78,0,0,0,2.78-2.78V49h8.76l13.46,24.37,0.2,0.38h0a2.75,2.75,0,0,0,2.3,1.23h14.4Zm-13.42-9.78H204.1v-16a2.78,2.78,0,0,1, 2.78-2.78h7.56c8.76,0,12.95,2.51,12.95,9.32C227.39,34.72,223.2,37.24,214.44,37.24Z"/> <path fill="#FFFFFF" d="M307.38,52.08l-0.11,0-8.56-1.9h0l-0.43-.1a2.18,2.18,0,0,0-.37,0,2.77,2.77,0,0,0-2.58,1.75h0c0,0.14-.08.27-0.13,0.41h0c-2.48, 7.71-6.46,11.88-13.77,11.88-10.43,0-16.21-9.14-16.21-23.67,0-14.26,5.59-23.11,16-23.11,7.18,0,10.63,4.24,12.88,10.72a2.78,2.78,0,0,0, 2.66,2,2.06,2.06,0,0,0,.5-0.06h0.05l0.28-.07,0.13,0,8.69-2.54,0.36-.1a2.84,2.84,0,0,0,1.74-3.49l-0.08-.26,0,0c-3.47-10.83-11.14-18.64-27.1-18.64-17.42, 0-31.3,11.74-31.3,35.68,0,24.32,13.32,35.87,31.3,35.87,16,0,24.19-8.22,28-20.37l0,0,0.13-.44v0a3.09,3.09,0,0,0,.06-0.56A2.81,2.81,0,0,0,307.38,52.08Z"/> </g>  <g> <path fill-rule="evenodd" class="animate" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M330.51,70.17c-0.29,0-.36-0.29-0.22-0.87l16.13-27.69-32,.22a0.58,0.58,0,0,1-.65-0.65V39.86a0.75,0.75,0,0,1,.65-0.65l32,0.22L330.29, 11.74c-0.29-.29-0.22-0.58.22-0.87l1.09-.65c0.14-.29.44-0.22,0.87,0.22l15.91,27.9,15.91-27.9c0.29-.44.58-0.51,0.87-0.22l1.09,0.65a0.72,0.72,0,0, 1,.22.87L350.35,39.43l32-.22a0.58,0.58,0,0,1,.65.65v1.31a0.58,0.58,0,0,1-.65.65l-32-.22,16.13,27.69a0.63,0.63,0,0,1-.22.87l-1.09.65a0.63,0.63, 0,0,1-.87-0.22L348.39,42.7,332.47,70.6c-0.29.44-.58,0.51-0.87,0.22Z" style="fill: #d92e35"/> <path fill-rule="evenodd" class="animate" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M332,76a5.42,5.42,0,0,1-3.21-1.06l-0.32-.19a5.21,5.21,0,0,1-2.07-1.6,5.66,5.66,0,0,1-.9-5.08l0.17-.68,12.07-20.72-23.28.16a5.54,5.54, 0,0,1-5.69-5.65V39.07l0.25-.76a5.7,5.7,0,0,1,5.4-4.09l23.31,0.16L326.15,14.56a5.42,5.42,0,0,1-1-3.7,5.61,5.61,0,0,1,2.6-4.16l0.74-.45A5.22,5.22, 0,0,1,331.85,5,5.79,5.79,0,0,1,336,6.9l0.48,0.48,11.9,20.87L360.14,7.66A5.61,5.61,0,0,1,364.83,5,5.42,5.42,0,0,1,368,6.11l1.33,0.8,0.43,0.43A5.7, 5.7,0,0,1,371,13.94l-0.17.32L359.08,34.37l23.28-.16A5.54,5.54,0,0,1,388,39.86v1.31a5.53,5.53,0,0,1-5.65,5.65l-23.31-.16,12,20.56,0.17,0.5a5.59, 5.59,0,0,1-2.48,6.78l-1.48.89-0.53.17A5.66,5.66,0,0,1,359.92,73L348.39,52.79l-11.76,20.6A5.61,5.61,0,0,1,332,76Z" style="fill: #d92e35"/> </g> </svg> <span class="ac-hide">Home</span> </a> <div class="nav-menu"> <ul id="menu-main-menu" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-9" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-9"><a href="/who-we-are">Who We Are</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-922" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-922"><a href="/who-we-are/">About SPARC</a></li> <li id="menu-item-924" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-924"><a href="/people/">People</a></li> <li id="menu-item-925" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-925"><a href="https://sparcopen.org/who-we-are/members/">Members</a></li> <li id="menu-item-7058" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-7058"><a href="/who-we-are/governance-and-operations/">Governance</a></li> <li id="menu-item-926" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-926"><a href="/contact">Contact Us</a></li> <li id="menu-item-8345" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-8345"><a href="https://sparcopen.org/who-we-are/careers/">Careers at SPARC</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-10" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom current-menu-ancestor current-menu-parent menu-item-has-children menu-item-10"><a href="/what-we-do/">What We Do</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-927" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-927"><a href="/what-we-do/popular-resources/">Popular Resources</a></li> <li id="menu-item-928" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-928"><a href="/what-we-do/projects/">Projects</a></li> <li id="menu-item-929" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom current-menu-item menu-item-929"><a href="/what-we-do/active-policy/" aria-current="page">Policy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-930" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-930"><a href="/news/">News</a></li> <li id="menu-item-931" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-931"><a href="/events">Events</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-11" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-11"><a href="/why-our-work-matters/">Why It Matters</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-934" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-934"><a href="https://sparcopen.org/open-access/">Open Access</a></li> <li id="menu-item-933" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-933"><a href="https://sparcopen.org/open-education/">Open Education</a></li> <li id="menu-item-932" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-932"><a href="https://sparcopen.org/open-data/">Open Data</a></li> <li id="menu-item-923" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-923"><a href="/impact-stories/">Impact Stories</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-12" class="highlight menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-12"><a href="/become-a-member">Become a Member</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="social-bar"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/SPARC-155218528004623" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-facebook"></i><span class="ac-hide">Facebook</span></a> <a href="https://twitter.com/SPARC_NA" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-twitter"></i><span class="ac-hide">Twitter</span></a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/sparcopen/" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-linkedin"></i><span class="ac-hide">LinkedIn</span></a> <a href="/contact/" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-envelope"></i><span class="ac-hide">Contact</span></a>  </div> </nav> </div> </ul> </div> <header id="header"> <nav role="navigation"> <a href="https://sparcopen.org" id="branding"> <svg version="1.1" id="Layer_8" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="175px" height="58px" viewBox="0 0 390 80" enable-background="new 0 0 390 80" xml:space="preserve">  <g> <path fill="#FFFFFF" d="M33,34c-9-2.52-14.16-4.47-14.16-10,0-4.1,3.54-6.89,10-6.89A20.36,20.36,0,0,1,44.21,24.7l0.1,0.11a2.7,2.7,0,0,0, 2.06.95,2.67,2.67,0,0,0,1.49-.45l0.26-.19,0,0,0.24-.18,5.4-4.1,0.73-.56a2.79,2.79,0,0,0,.76-1.91,2.72,2.72,0,0, 0-.47-1.54h0l-0.24-.31c-5-6.37-13.06-11.75-25.65-11.75C14.11,4.72,4,12.45,4,25.31,4,39.75,16.9,42.92,29.2,46.37c9,2.52, 14,4.75,14,10s-5,7.92-12,7.92A20.23,20.23,0,0,1,14,55.1l0,0-0.08-.12-0.07-.1a2.94,2.94,0,0,0-2.39-1.21,3,3,0,0, 0-1.38.33h0l-0.28.17L3.87,57.65l-0.25.15-0.45.26A2.78,2.78,0,0,0,2,60.31a2.72,2.72,0,0,0,.29,1.24L2.59,62c5.37,8.46,14.3, 14.3,27.83,14.3,19.19,0,27.58-9.88,27.58-21C58,41.06,45.13,37.24,33,34Z"/> <path fill="#FFFFFF" d="M93.65,6H71.36a2.78,2.78,0,0,0-2.78,2.78V72.19A2.78,2.78,0,0,0,71.36,75h9.54a2.78,2.78,0,0,0,2.77-2.64V50.47h9.78c13.79, 0,28.32-3.82,28.32-22.36C121.78,9.94,108.37,6,93.65,6ZM94,38.73H83.68V21.2h0a2.78,2.78,0,0,1,2.78-2.78H94c9.5,0,12.95,3.64,12.95, 10.06C107,35.1,103.43,38.73,94,38.73Z"/> <path fill="#FFFFFF" d="M157.49,7.73a2,2,0,0,0-.1-0.28,2.78,2.78,0,0,0-2.57-1.7h-10.5a2.78,2.78,0,0,0-2.66,2L117.94,75h12a2.79,2.79,0,0,0, 2.66-2l4.64-13.42h23.48l4.37,13.13h0l0.23,0.66A2.77,2.77,0,0,0,167.81,75H181.2ZM141,48.6l8.1-23.48h0.18l7.92,23.48H141Z"/> <path fill="#FFFFFF" d="M227.86,47c9.22-2.79,14.35-8.76,14.35-19.66C242.21,12.08,232,6,215.09,6H192a2.79,2.79,0,0,0-2.78,2.78V72.19A2.79,2.79,0,0,0,192, 75h9.35a2.78,2.78,0,0,0,2.78-2.78V49h8.76l13.46,24.37,0.2,0.38h0a2.75,2.75,0,0,0,2.3,1.23h14.4Zm-13.42-9.78H204.1v-16a2.78,2.78,0,0,1, 2.78-2.78h7.56c8.76,0,12.95,2.51,12.95,9.32C227.39,34.72,223.2,37.24,214.44,37.24Z"/> <path fill="#FFFFFF" d="M307.38,52.08l-0.11,0-8.56-1.9h0l-0.43-.1a2.18,2.18,0,0,0-.37,0,2.77,2.77,0,0,0-2.58,1.75h0c0,0.14-.08.27-0.13,0.41h0c-2.48, 7.71-6.46,11.88-13.77,11.88-10.43,0-16.21-9.14-16.21-23.67,0-14.26,5.59-23.11,16-23.11,7.18,0,10.63,4.24,12.88,10.72a2.78,2.78,0,0,0, 2.66,2,2.06,2.06,0,0,0,.5-0.06h0.05l0.28-.07,0.13,0,8.69-2.54,0.36-.1a2.84,2.84,0,0,0,1.74-3.49l-0.08-.26,0,0c-3.47-10.83-11.14-18.64-27.1-18.64-17.42, 0-31.3,11.74-31.3,35.68,0,24.32,13.32,35.87,31.3,35.87,16,0,24.19-8.22,28-20.37l0,0,0.13-.44v0a3.09,3.09,0,0,0,.06-0.56A2.81,2.81,0,0,0,307.38,52.08Z"/> </g>  <g> <path fill-rule="evenodd" class="animate" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M330.51,70.17c-0.29,0-.36-0.29-0.22-0.87l16.13-27.69-32,.22a0.58,0.58,0,0,1-.65-0.65V39.86a0.75,0.75,0,0,1,.65-0.65l32,0.22L330.29, 11.74c-0.29-.29-0.22-0.58.22-0.87l1.09-.65c0.14-.29.44-0.22,0.87,0.22l15.91,27.9,15.91-27.9c0.29-.44.58-0.51,0.87-0.22l1.09,0.65a0.72,0.72,0,0, 1,.22.87L350.35,39.43l32-.22a0.58,0.58,0,0,1,.65.65v1.31a0.58,0.58,0,0,1-.65.65l-32-.22,16.13,27.69a0.63,0.63,0,0,1-.22.87l-1.09.65a0.63,0.63, 0,0,1-.87-0.22L348.39,42.7,332.47,70.6c-0.29.44-.58,0.51-0.87,0.22Z" style="fill: #d92e35"/> <path fill-rule="evenodd" class="animate" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M332,76a5.42,5.42,0,0,1-3.21-1.06l-0.32-.19a5.21,5.21,0,0,1-2.07-1.6,5.66,5.66,0,0,1-.9-5.08l0.17-.68,12.07-20.72-23.28.16a5.54,5.54, 0,0,1-5.69-5.65V39.07l0.25-.76a5.7,5.7,0,0,1,5.4-4.09l23.31,0.16L326.15,14.56a5.42,5.42,0,0,1-1-3.7,5.61,5.61,0,0,1,2.6-4.16l0.74-.45A5.22,5.22, 0,0,1,331.85,5,5.79,5.79,0,0,1,336,6.9l0.48,0.48,11.9,20.87L360.14,7.66A5.61,5.61,0,0,1,364.83,5,5.42,5.42,0,0,1,368,6.11l1.33,0.8,0.43,0.43A5.7, 5.7,0,0,1,371,13.94l-0.17.32L359.08,34.37l23.28-.16A5.54,5.54,0,0,1,388,39.86v1.31a5.53,5.53,0,0,1-5.65,5.65l-23.31-.16,12,20.56,0.17,0.5a5.59, 5.59,0,0,1-2.48,6.78l-1.48.89-0.53.17A5.66,5.66,0,0,1,359.92,73L348.39,52.79l-11.76,20.6A5.61,5.61,0,0,1,332,76Z" style="fill: #d92e35"/> </g> </svg> <span class="ac-hide">Home</span> </a> <div class="nav-menu"> <ul id="menu-main-menu-1" class="menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-9"><a href="/who-we-are">Who We Are</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-922"><a href="/who-we-are/">About SPARC</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-924"><a href="/people/">People</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-925"><a href="https://sparcopen.org/who-we-are/members/">Members</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-7058"><a href="/who-we-are/governance-and-operations/">Governance</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-926"><a href="/contact">Contact Us</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-8345"><a href="https://sparcopen.org/who-we-are/careers/">Careers at SPARC</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom current-menu-ancestor current-menu-parent menu-item-has-children menu-item-10"><a href="/what-we-do/">What We Do</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-927"><a href="/what-we-do/popular-resources/">Popular Resources</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-928"><a href="/what-we-do/projects/">Projects</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom current-menu-item menu-item-929"><a href="/what-we-do/active-policy/" aria-current="page">Policy</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-930"><a href="/news/">News</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-931"><a href="/events">Events</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-11"><a href="/why-our-work-matters/">Why It Matters</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-934"><a href="https://sparcopen.org/open-access/">Open Access</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-933"><a href="https://sparcopen.org/open-education/">Open Education</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-932"><a href="https://sparcopen.org/open-data/">Open Data</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-923"><a href="/impact-stories/">Impact Stories</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="highlight menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-12"><a href="/become-a-member">Become a Member</a></li> </ul> </div> <a href="#" target="_blank" class="search toggle-search"><i class="fa fa-search"></i><span class="ac-hide">Search</span></a> <div class="social-bar"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/SPARC-155218528004623" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-facebook"></i><span class="ac-hide">Facebook</span></a> <a href="https://twitter.com/SPARC_NA" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-twitter"></i><span class="ac-hide">Twitter</span></a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/sparcopen/" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-linkedin"></i><span class="ac-hide">LinkedIn</span></a> <a href="/contact/"><i class="fa fa-envelope"></i><span class="ac-hide">Contact</span></a> </div> </nav>  <div id="site-search"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <form class="site-search" method="GET" action="/"> <label for="site-search-input"><span class="ac-hide">Search</span></label> <input type="search" name="s" placeholder="Search" id="site-search-input" required autocomplete="off"> <button type="submit" name="submit"><i class="fa fa-search"></i><span class="ac-hide">Submit</span></button> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div id="site-canvas"> <main>  <section class="page-topper"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-9"> <h1>Policy & Advocacy</h1>  <p >SPARC advocates for policies at the local, national, and international level that promote openness in research and education. Listed below are SPARC's active policy priorities. <span style="text-decoration: underline;"><a href="/what-we-do/past-policy/">Click here to see previous policies SPARC has advocated for.</a></span></p> </div> </div>  <div class="row sub-nav"> <div class="col-md-12"> <div class="menu-what-we-do-menu-container"><ul id="menu-what-we-do-menu" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-180" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-resourcecategory menu-item-180"><a href="https://sparcopen.org/what-we-do/popular-resources/">Popular Resources</a></li> <li id="menu-item-181" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-resourcecategory menu-item-181"><a href="https://sparcopen.org/what-we-do/projects/">Projects</a></li> <li id="menu-item-182" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-resourcecategory current-menu-item menu-item-182"><a href="https://sparcopen.org/what-we-do/active-policy/" aria-current="page">Policy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-183" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-183"><a href="/news/">News</a></li> <li id="menu-item-184" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-184"><a href="/events/">Events</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  </div> </section>  <div class="container posts sec-block"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-10 col-md-offset-1"> <ul class="post-list"> <li> <div class="posts-feed"> <div class="share-float"> <h6 class="share-label">Share</h6> <ul> <li> <a href="#" onclick=" window.open( 'https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u='+encodeURIComponent('https://sparcopen.org/our-work/oppose-section-552-that-will-block-taxpayer-access-to-research/'), 'facebook-share-dialog', 'width=626,height=436'); return false;"> <button class="fill facebook"><i class="fa fa-facebook"></i><span class="ac-hide">Share on Facebook</span></button> </a> </li>  <li> <a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsparcopen.org%2Four-work%2Foppose-section-552-that-will-block-taxpayer-access-to-research%2F&text=Oppose+Section+552+That+Will+Block+Taxpayer+Access+to+Research&via=&related=" target="_blank"> <button class="fill twitter"><i class="fa fa-twitter"></i><span class="ac-hide">Share on Twitter</span></button> </a> </li>  <li> <a href="#" class="addthis_button_email" addthis:title="Oppose Section 552 That Will Block Taxpayer Access to Research - SPARC" addthis:url="https://sparcopen.org/our-work/oppose-section-552-that-will-block-taxpayer-access-to-research/"> <button class="fill email"><i class="fa fa-envelope"></i><span class="ac-hide">Share via Email</span></button> </a> </li>  </ul> </div> <h3><a href="https://sparcopen.org/our-work/oppose-section-552-that-will-block-taxpayer-access-to-research/">Oppose Section 552 That Will Block Taxpayer Access to Research</a></h3> <span class="feed-links"><a href="/open-access/">Open Access</a></span> <p>The U.S. House of Representatives released an appropriations bill containing language that would block implementation of the 2022 updated OSTP policy guidance (the Nelson Memo) that would ensure immediate, free access to taxpayer-funded research. </p> <h6 class="more-link"><a href="https://sparcopen.org/our-work/oppose-section-552-that-will-block-taxpayer-access-to-research/">Read More   <i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i></a></h6> </div> </li> <li> <div class="posts-feed"> <div class="share-float"> <h6 class="share-label">Share</h6> <ul> <li> <a href="#" onclick=" window.open( 'https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u='+encodeURIComponent('https://sparcopen.org/our-work/2024-u-s-department-of-education-negotiated-rulemaking/'), 'facebook-share-dialog', 'width=626,height=436'); return false;"> <button class="fill facebook"><i class="fa fa-facebook"></i><span class="ac-hide">Share on Facebook</span></button> </a> </li>  <li> <a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsparcopen.org%2Four-work%2F2024-u-s-department-of-education-negotiated-rulemaking%2F&text=2024+U.S.+Department+of+Education+Negotiated+Rulemaking&via=&related=" target="_blank"> <button class="fill twitter"><i class="fa fa-twitter"></i><span class="ac-hide">Share on Twitter</span></button> </a> </li>  <li> <a href="#" class="addthis_button_email" addthis:title="2024 U.S. Department of Education Negotiated Rulemaking - SPARC" addthis:url="https://sparcopen.org/our-work/2024-u-s-department-of-education-negotiated-rulemaking/"> <button class="fill email"><i class="fa fa-envelope"></i><span class="ac-hide">Share via Email</span></button> </a> </li>  </ul> </div> <h3><a href="https://sparcopen.org/our-work/2024-u-s-department-of-education-negotiated-rulemaking/">2024 U.S. Department of Education Negotiated Rulemaking</a></h3> <span class="feed-links"><a href="/open-education/">Open Education</a></span> <p>The U.S. Department of Education began a process known as negotiated rulemaking to review and update a variety of higher education regulations including one related to the management of federal financial aid funds or "Cash Management."<br /> <br /> </p> <h6 class="more-link"><a href="https://sparcopen.org/our-work/2024-u-s-department-of-education-negotiated-rulemaking/">Read More   <i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i></a></h6> </div> </li> <li> <div class="posts-feed"> <div class="share-float"> <h6 class="share-label">Share</h6> <ul> <li> <a href="#" onclick=" window.open( 'https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u='+encodeURIComponent('https://sparcopen.org/our-work/2022-updated-ostp-policy-guidance/'), 'facebook-share-dialog', 'width=626,height=436'); return false;"> <button class="fill facebook"><i class="fa fa-facebook"></i><span class="ac-hide">Share on Facebook</span></button> </a> </li>  <li> <a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsparcopen.org%2Four-work%2F2022-updated-ostp-policy-guidance%2F&text=2022+Updated+OSTP+Policy+Guidance&via=&related=" target="_blank"> <button class="fill twitter"><i class="fa fa-twitter"></i><span class="ac-hide">Share on Twitter</span></button> </a> </li>  <li> <a href="#" class="addthis_button_email" addthis:title="2022 Updated OSTP Policy Guidance - SPARC" addthis:url="https://sparcopen.org/our-work/2022-updated-ostp-policy-guidance/"> <button class="fill email"><i class="fa fa-envelope"></i><span class="ac-hide">Share via Email</span></button> </a> </li>  </ul> </div> <h3><a href="https://sparcopen.org/our-work/2022-updated-ostp-policy-guidance/">2022 Updated OSTP Policy Guidance</a></h3> <span class="feed-links"><a href="/open-access/">Open Access</a>   <span class="sep">·</span>   <a href="/open-data/">Open Data</a></span> <p>Issued on August 25, 2022, OSTP's updated policy guidance calls on all federal agencies to generate policies that eliminate the current 12-month waiting period for access to the outputs of federally funded research, including articles and data.聽</p> <h6 class="more-link"><a href="https://sparcopen.org/our-work/2022-updated-ostp-policy-guidance/">Read More   <i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i></a></h6> </div> </li> <li> <div class="posts-feed"> <div class="share-float"> <h6 class="share-label">Share</h6> <ul> <li> <a href="#" onclick=" window.open( 'https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u='+encodeURIComponent('https://sparcopen.org/our-work/nasas-updated-scientific-information-policy-for-science-mission-directorate-smd/'), 'facebook-share-dialog', 'width=626,height=436'); return false;"> <button class="fill facebook"><i class="fa fa-facebook"></i><span class="ac-hide">Share on Facebook</span></button> </a> </li>  <li> <a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsparcopen.org%2Four-work%2Fnasas-updated-scientific-information-policy-for-science-mission-directorate-smd%2F&text=NASA%E2%80%99s+Updated+Scientific+Information+Policy+for+Science+Mission+Directorate+%28SMD%29&via=&related=" target="_blank"> <button class="fill twitter"><i class="fa fa-twitter"></i><span class="ac-hide">Share on Twitter</span></button> </a> </li>  <li> <a href="#" class="addthis_button_email" addthis:title="NASA’s Updated Scientific Information Policy for Science Mission Directorate (SMD) - SPARC" addthis:url="https://sparcopen.org/our-work/nasas-updated-scientific-information-policy-for-science-mission-directorate-smd/"> <button class="fill email"><i class="fa fa-envelope"></i><span class="ac-hide">Share via Email</span></button> </a> </li>  </ul> </div> <h3><a href="https://sparcopen.org/our-work/nasas-updated-scientific-information-policy-for-science-mission-directorate-smd/">NASA’s Updated Scientific Information Policy for Science Mission Directorate (SMD)</a></h3> <span class="feed-links"><a href="/open-access/">Open Access</a>   <span class="sep">·</span>   <a href="/open-data/">Open Data</a></span> <p>On December 8, NASA's Science Mission Directorate (SMD) released an important update to its comprehensive Scientific Information Policy (SPD-41a) to provide guidance on the open sharing of publications, data, and software .</p> <h6 class="more-link"><a href="https://sparcopen.org/our-work/nasas-updated-scientific-information-policy-for-science-mission-directorate-smd/">Read More   <i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i></a></h6> </div> </li> <li> <div class="posts-feed"> <div class="share-float"> <h6 class="share-label">Share</h6> <ul> <li> <a href="#" onclick=" window.open( 'https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u='+encodeURIComponent('https://sparcopen.org/our-work/california-governors-zero-textbook-cost-degree-budget-proposal/'), 'facebook-share-dialog', 'width=626,height=436'); return false;"> <button class="fill facebook"><i class="fa fa-facebook"></i><span class="ac-hide">Share on Facebook</span></button> </a> </li>  <li> <a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsparcopen.org%2Four-work%2Fcalifornia-governors-zero-textbook-cost-degree-budget-proposal%2F&text=California%E2%80%99s+Zero+Textbook+Cost+Degree+Program&via=&related=" target="_blank"> <button class="fill twitter"><i class="fa fa-twitter"></i><span class="ac-hide">Share on Twitter</span></button> </a> </li>  <li> <a href="#" class="addthis_button_email" addthis:title="California’s Zero Textbook Cost Degree Program - SPARC" addthis:url="https://sparcopen.org/our-work/california-governors-zero-textbook-cost-degree-budget-proposal/"> <button class="fill email"><i class="fa fa-envelope"></i><span class="ac-hide">Share via Email</span></button> </a> </li>  </ul> </div> <h3><a href="https://sparcopen.org/our-work/california-governors-zero-textbook-cost-degree-budget-proposal/">California’s Zero Textbook Cost Degree Program</a></h3> <span class="feed-links"><a href="/open-education/">Open Education</a></span> <p>California invested $115 million to develop Zero Textbook Cost degrees at the state's community colleges. </p> <h6 class="more-link"><a href="https://sparcopen.org/our-work/california-governors-zero-textbook-cost-degree-budget-proposal/">Read More   <i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i></a></h6> </div> </li> <li> <div class="posts-feed"> <div class="share-float"> <h6 class="share-label">Share</h6> <ul> <li> <a href="#" onclick=" window.open( 'https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u='+encodeURIComponent('https://sparcopen.org/our-work/public-access-language-in-the-u-s-innovation-competition-act-usica/'), 'facebook-share-dialog', 'width=626,height=436'); return false;"> <button class="fill facebook"><i class="fa fa-facebook"></i><span class="ac-hide">Share on Facebook</span></button> </a> </li>  <li> <a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsparcopen.org%2Four-work%2Fpublic-access-language-in-the-u-s-innovation-competition-act-usica%2F&text=Public+Access+Language+in+the+U.S.+Innovation+%26+Competition+Act+%28USICA%29&via=&related=" target="_blank"> <button class="fill twitter"><i class="fa fa-twitter"></i><span class="ac-hide">Share on Twitter</span></button> </a> </li>  <li> <a href="#" class="addthis_button_email" addthis:title="Public Access Language in the U.S. Innovation & Competition Act (USICA) - SPARC" addthis:url="https://sparcopen.org/our-work/public-access-language-in-the-u-s-innovation-competition-act-usica/"> <button class="fill email"><i class="fa fa-envelope"></i><span class="ac-hide">Share via Email</span></button> </a> </li>  </ul> </div> <h3><a href="https://sparcopen.org/our-work/public-access-language-in-the-u-s-innovation-competition-act-usica/">Public Access Language in the U.S. Innovation & Competition Act (USICA)</a></h3> <span class="feed-links"><a href="/open-access/">Open Access</a></span> <p>The House and Senate are considering language that supports providing public access to taxpayer-funded research results in a larger package of competition legislation.</p> <h6 class="more-link"><a href="https://sparcopen.org/our-work/public-access-language-in-the-u-s-innovation-competition-act-usica/">Read More   <i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i></a></h6> </div> </li> <li> <div class="posts-feed"> <div class="share-float"> <h6 class="share-label">Share</h6> <ul> <li> <a href="#" onclick=" window.open( 'https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u='+encodeURIComponent('https://sparcopen.org/our-work/open-textbook-pilot/'), 'facebook-share-dialog', 'width=626,height=436'); return false;"> <button class="fill facebook"><i class="fa fa-facebook"></i><span class="ac-hide">Share on Facebook</span></button> </a> </li>  <li> <a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsparcopen.org%2Four-work%2Fopen-textbook-pilot%2F&text=Open+Textbook+Pilot+Grant+Program&via=&related=" target="_blank"> <button class="fill twitter"><i class="fa fa-twitter"></i><span class="ac-hide">Share on Twitter</span></button> </a> </li>  <li> <a href="#" class="addthis_button_email" addthis:title="Open Textbook Pilot Grant Program - SPARC" addthis:url="https://sparcopen.org/our-work/open-textbook-pilot/"> <button class="fill email"><i class="fa fa-envelope"></i><span class="ac-hide">Share via Email</span></button> </a> </li>  </ul> </div> <h3><a href="https://sparcopen.org/our-work/open-textbook-pilot/">Open Textbook Pilot Grant Program</a></h3> <span class="feed-links"><a href="/open-education/">Open Education</a></span> <p>The Open Textbook Pilot offers grants to U.S. Colleges and universities to expand the use of open textbooks. SPARC is working to renew and expand funding for this program.</p> <h6 class="more-link"><a href="https://sparcopen.org/our-work/open-textbook-pilot/">Read More   <i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i></a></h6> </div> </li> <li> <div class="posts-feed"> <div class="share-float"> <h6 class="share-label">Share</h6> <ul> <li> <a href="#" onclick=" window.open( 'https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u='+encodeURIComponent('https://sparcopen.org/our-work/affordable-college-textbook-act/'), 'facebook-share-dialog', 'width=626,height=436'); return false;"> <button class="fill facebook"><i class="fa fa-facebook"></i><span class="ac-hide">Share on Facebook</span></button> </a> </li>  <li> <a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsparcopen.org%2Four-work%2Faffordable-college-textbook-act%2F&text=The+Affordable+College+Textbook+Act+%28H.R.1811%2FS.978%29&via=&related=" target="_blank"> <button class="fill twitter"><i class="fa fa-twitter"></i><span class="ac-hide">Share on Twitter</span></button> </a> </li>  <li> <a href="#" class="addthis_button_email" addthis:title="The Affordable College Textbook Act (H.R.1811/S.978) - SPARC" addthis:url="https://sparcopen.org/our-work/affordable-college-textbook-act/"> <button class="fill email"><i class="fa fa-envelope"></i><span class="ac-hide">Share via Email</span></button> </a> </li>  </ul> </div> <h3><a href="https://sparcopen.org/our-work/affordable-college-textbook-act/">The Affordable College Textbook Act (H.R.1811/S.978)</a></h3> <span class="feed-links"><a href="/open-education/">Open Education</a></span> <p>The Affordable College Textbook Act seeks to reduce the cost of textbooks at U.S. colleges and universities by expanding the use of open textbooks.</p> <h6 class="more-link"><a href="https://sparcopen.org/our-work/affordable-college-textbook-act/">Read More   <i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i></a></h6> </div> </li> <li> <div class="posts-feed"> <div class="share-float"> <h6 class="share-label">Share</h6> <ul> <li> <a href="#" onclick=" window.open( 'https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u='+encodeURIComponent('https://sparcopen.org/our-work/oppose-cengage-mcgraw-hill-merger/'), 'facebook-share-dialog', 'width=626,height=436'); return false;"> <button class="fill facebook"><i class="fa fa-facebook"></i><span class="ac-hide">Share on Facebook</span></button> </a> </li>  <li> <a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsparcopen.org%2Four-work%2Foppose-cengage-mcgraw-hill-merger%2F&text=Stopping+the+Cengage%2FMcGraw-Hill+Merger&via=&related=" target="_blank"> <button class="fill twitter"><i class="fa fa-twitter"></i><span class="ac-hide">Share on Twitter</span></button> </a> </li>  <li> <a href="#" class="addthis_button_email" addthis:title="Stopping the Cengage/McGraw-Hill Merger - SPARC" addthis:url="https://sparcopen.org/our-work/oppose-cengage-mcgraw-hill-merger/"> <button class="fill email"><i class="fa fa-envelope"></i><span class="ac-hide">Share via Email</span></button> </a> </li>  </ul> </div> <h3><a href="https://sparcopen.org/our-work/oppose-cengage-mcgraw-hill-merger/">Stopping the Cengage/McGraw-Hill Merger</a></h3> <a href="https://sparcopen.org/our-work/oppose-cengage-mcgraw-hill-merger/"><img src="https://sparcopen.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/160363ac5c2fc383d9f45b0b8330-1452217-1024x584.jpg" /></a> <p>After intense opposition from stakeholder groups and a year of regulatory review, the Cengage/McGraw-Hill has been called off. The merger would have remade the textbook market as a duopoly, and its termination prevents significant harm to students.</p> <h6 class="more-link"><a href="https://sparcopen.org/our-work/oppose-cengage-mcgraw-hill-merger/">Read More   <i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i></a></h6> </div> </li> <li> <div class="posts-feed"> <div class="share-float"> <h6 class="share-label">Share</h6> <ul> <li> <a href="#" onclick=" window.open( 'https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u='+encodeURIComponent('https://sparcopen.org/our-work/epa-rule-strengthening-transparency/'), 'facebook-share-dialog', 'width=626,height=436'); return false;"> <button class="fill facebook"><i class="fa fa-facebook"></i><span class="ac-hide">Share on Facebook</span></button> </a> </li>  <li> <a href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https%3A%2F%2Fsparcopen.org%2Four-work%2Fepa-rule-strengthening-transparency%2F&text=Environmental+Protection+Agency+Rule+on+%E2%80%98Strengthening+Transparency+in++Regulatory+Science%E2%80%99&via=&related=" target="_blank"> <button class="fill twitter"><i class="fa fa-twitter"></i><span class="ac-hide">Share on Twitter</span></button> </a> </li>  <li> <a href="#" class="addthis_button_email" addthis:title="Environmental Protection Agency Rule on ‘Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science’ - SPARC" addthis:url="https://sparcopen.org/our-work/epa-rule-strengthening-transparency/"> <button class="fill email"><i class="fa fa-envelope"></i><span class="ac-hide">Share via Email</span></button> </a> </li>  </ul> </div> <h3><a href="https://sparcopen.org/our-work/epa-rule-strengthening-transparency/">Environmental Protection Agency Rule on ‘Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science’</a></h3> <span class="feed-links"><a href="/open-access/">Open Access</a>   <span class="sep">·</span>   <a href="/open-data/">Open Data</a></span> <p>EPA seeking public comments on a controversial new proposed rule on 'Strengthening Transparency in Regulatory Science'</p> <h6 class="more-link"><a href="https://sparcopen.org/our-work/epa-rule-strengthening-transparency/">Read More   <i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i></a></h6> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="row pagination-nav" align="center"> <div class="col-md-12">  <ul><li class="active"><a href="">01</a></li><li><a href="https://sparcopen.org/what-we-do/active-policy/page/2/">02</a></li><li><a href="https://sparcopen.org/what-we-do/active-policy/page/3/">03</a></li><li><a href="https://sparcopen.org/what-we-do/active-policy/page/4/">04</a></li><li><a href="https://sparcopen.org/what-we-do/active-policy/page/2/" title="next"><i class="fa fa-angle-right"></i></a></li></ul>  </div> </div>  </div> <section class="container-fluid sec-block sec-icons sec-center sec-block-gray sec-short"> <div class="row"> <h4>Learn more about our work</h4> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-10 col-md-offset-1"> <ul class="ico-grid"> <li > <a href="/open-access/"> <span> <svg version="1.1" id="icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 481.859 375.35" enable-background="new 0 0 481.859 375.35" xml:space="preserve" class="ico"> <svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="474.87" height="370.5" viewBox="0 0 474.87 370.5"> <path fill: "#1f2222" d="M240.93,285.13a93.27,93.27,0,1,1,93.27-93.27A93.38,93.38,0,0,1,240.93,285.13Zm0-164.53a71.27, 71.27,0,1,0,71.27,71.26A71.35,71.35,0,0,0,240.93,120.59Z" transform="translate(-2.5)"/> <path fill: "#1f2222" d="M240.61,0c-19.38,0-34.45,6.08-44.82,17-10.57,11.12-15.93,34.13-15.93,55.36V85h24.72V73.42c0-28.59, 12.6-50.3,36.45-50.3,11.89,0,21,5.84,27.1,13s9.14,22.25,9.14,36.21v58H302V73.64c0-21.79-5.44-45.18-16.17-56.49C275.38, 6.13,260.17,0,240.61,0Z" transform="translate(-2.5)"/> <circle fill: "#1f2222" cx="237.43" cy="191.86" r="33.01"/> <line x1="13" y1="302.5" x2="237.43" y2="357.5" style="fill: none"/> <path d="M240.94,370.5a13,13,0,0,1-3.1-.38l-224.43-55a13,13,0,1,1,6.19-25.25l224.43,55A13,13,0,0,1,240.94,370.5Z" transform="translate(-3.5)" style="fill: #da2c35"/> <line x1="461.86" y1="302.5" x2="237.43" y2="357.5" style="fill: none"/> <path d="M240.92,370.5a13,13,0,0,1-3.08-25.63l224.43-55a13,13,0,1,1,6.19,25.25L244,370.13A13,13,0,0,1,240.92,370.5Z" transform="translate(-3.5)" style="fill: #da2c35"/> </svg> <h5>Open Access</h5></span></a> </li>  <li > <a href="/open-education/"> <span> <svg version="1.1" id="icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 481.859 375.35" enable-background="new 0 0 481.859 375.35" xml:space="preserve" class="ico"> <path fill: "#1f2222" d="M391.67,243.2c-74.49-46.85-139-3.91-139,3.44V90.51c0-27.75,36.92-42.71,82.47-42.71,21.9,0,41.74,5.18,56.5,13.65V243.2h0Zm-161.41, 3.44c0-7.35-64.51-50.27-139-3.44V61.44C106,53,125.85,47.8,147.75,47.8c45.6,0,82.51,15,82.51,42.71V246.64h0ZM242.58,56C231,44.91,164.73,6.58,74, 45.64V260H211.46c4.71,4.05,15.92,6.9,29,6.9s24.34-2.87,29.07-6.9H407.82V45.64C320.84,7.31,251.36,47.87,242.58,56Z" transform="translate(-3.5 -27.37)"/> <path fill: "#1f2222" d="M240.51,268c-12.75,0-24.22-2.7-29.45-6.9H72.93V44.91l0.67-.29C100.17,33.18,127,27.37, 153.24,27.37c48.35,0,80.59,19.35,89.36,27.09,9.17-7.64,44.46-26.15,90.37-26.15a185.91,185.91, 0,0,1,75.3,16.32l0.67,0.29V261.09H270C264.72,265.29,253.23,268,240.51,268ZM75.15,258.86H211.88l0.31, 0.27c4.62,4,16,6.63,28.32,6.63s23.69-2.67,28.35-6.64l0.31-.27H406.7V46.37A183.48,183.48,0,0,0,333, 30.53c-50.52,0-84.95,21.93-89.63,26.24l-0.76.71-0.76-.72c-7.37-7-39.45-27.16-88.58-27.16-25.75,0-52, 5.65-78.08,16.78V258.86h0Zm178.66-12.22h-2.23V90.51c0-26.22,33.59-43.83,83.58-43.83,21.28,0,41.54, 4.9,57,13.79l0.56,0.32V245.21l-1.7-1.07c-22.59-14.21-46.25-21.41-70.34-21.41C280.7,222.73,253.81, 242.52,253.81,246.64ZM335.17,48.91c-40.5,0-81.36,12.86-81.36,41.6V242.73c7.56-8.15,33.65-22.22,66.93-22.22, 23.9,0,47.39,7,69.82,20.69V62.09C375.45,53.59,355.81,48.91,335.17,48.91ZM231.37, 246.64h-2.23c0-4.11-26.9-23.9-66.95-23.9-24.09,0-47.76,7.2-70.35,21.4l-1.7,1.07V60.8l0.56-.32c15.51-8.89, 35.78-13.79,57.06-13.79,50.8,0,83.62,17.2,83.62,43.83V246.64Zm-69.18-26.12c33.29,0,59.39,14.06,66.95, 22.22V90.51c0-28.74-40.88-41.6-81.39-41.6-20.64,0-40.28,4.68-55.39,13.18V241.2C114.8,227.47,138.28,220.51,162.19,220.51Z" transform="translate(-3.5 -27.37)"/> <line x1="13" y1="302.5" x2="237.43" y2="357.5" style="fill: none"/> <path d="M240.94,370.5a13,13,0,0,1-3.1-.38l-224.43-55a13,13,0,1,1,6.19-25.25l224.43,55A13,13,0,0,1,240.94,370.5Z" transform="translate(-3.5)" style="fill: #da2c35"/> <line x1="461.86" y1="302.5" x2="237.43" y2="357.5" style="fill: none"/> <path d="M240.92,370.5a13,13,0,0,1-3.08-25.63l224.43-55a13,13,0,1,1,6.19,25.25L244,370.13A13,13,0,0,1,240.92,370.5Z" transform="translate(-3.5)" style="fill: #da2c35"/> </svg> <h5>Open Education</h5></span></a> </li>  <li > <a href="/open-data/"> <span> <svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 481.859 375.35" enable-background="new 0 0 481.859 375.35" xml:space="preserve" class="ico"> <path fill="#1F2222" d="M367.11,250.47h-243V41.18c0-3.19-2.59-3.72-5.78-3.72s-5.79.53-5.79,3.72V256.26a5.79,5.79,0,0,0,5.79, 5.79H367.11c3.19,0,3.72-2.59,3.72-5.79S370.3,250.47,367.11,250.47Z" transform="translate(-3.27 -33.59)"/> <path fill="#1F2222" d="M367.11,265.92H118.36a9.67,9.67,0,0,1-9.66-9.66V41.18c0-2.83,1.25-7.59,9.66-7.59S128,38.35,128, 41.18V246.6H367.11c2.84,0,7.59,1.25,7.59,9.66S369.94,265.92,367.11,265.92ZM116.45,41.46V256.26a1.91,1.91, 0,0,0,1.91,1.91H366.83a14.68,14.68,0,0,0,0-3.82H120.27V41.46a11.11,11.11,0,0,0-1.91-.12A11.23,11.23,0,0,0,116.45,41.46Z" transform="translate(-3.27 -33.59)"/> <path fill="#1F2222" d="M222.33,116.05a5.4,5.4,0,0,1,5.39-5.39h26.94a5.4,5.4,0,0,1,5.39,5.39v97a5.4,5.4,0,0,1-5.39, 5.39H227.71a5.4,5.4,0,0,1-5.39-5.39v-97h0Zm-54.66,97a5.41,5.41,0,0,0,5.39,5.39H200a5.41,5.41,0,0,0, 5.39-5.39V156.21a5.4,5.4,0,0,0-5.39-5.39H173a5.4,5.4,0,0,0-5.39,5.39V213ZM282.37,68.9A5.4,5.4,0,0,0, 277,74.29V213a5.41,5.41,0,0,0,5.39,5.39h26.95A5.4,5.4,0,0,0,314.7,213V74.29a5.4,5.4,0,0,0-5.39-5.39H282.37Z" transform="translate(-3.27 -33.59)"/> <line x1="13" y1="302.5" x2="237.43" y2="357.5" style="fill: none"/> <path d="M240.94,370.5a13,13,0,0,1-3.1-.38l-224.43-55a13,13,0,1,1,6.19-25.25l224.43,55A13,13,0,0,1,240.94,370.5Z" transform="translate(-3.5)" style="fill: #da2c35"/> <line x1="461.86" y1="302.5" x2="237.43" y2="357.5" style="fill: none"/> <path d="M240.92,370.5a13,13,0,0,1-3.08-25.63l224.43-55a13,13,0,1,1,6.19,25.25L244,370.13A13,13,0,0,1,240.92,370.5Z" transform="translate(-3.5)" style="fill: #da2c35"/> </svg> <h5>Open Data</h5></span></a> </li>  </ul> </div> </div> <div class="sec-node gray-node"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="50" height="51" viewBox="0 0 346.41 164.3"> <path d="M346.61-.26L269.2,78.09l-77.4,78.43A25.8,25.8,0,0,1,173.41,164h0A25.81,25.81,0,0,1,155,156.53L0.2-.3" transform="translate(-0.2 0.3)"/> </svg> </div> </section>  </main></div>  </div> <footer> <div class="container-fluid footer-block"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-10 col-md-offset-1"> <a href="https://sparcopen.org" id="branding-footer"> <svg version="1.1" id="Layer_8" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" width="175px" height="58px" viewBox="0 0 390 80" enable-background="new 0 0 390 80" xml:space="preserve">  <g> <path fill="#FFFFFF" d="M33,34c-9-2.52-14.16-4.47-14.16-10,0-4.1,3.54-6.89,10-6.89A20.36,20.36,0,0,1,44.21,24.7l0.1,0.11a2.7,2.7,0,0,0, 2.06.95,2.67,2.67,0,0,0,1.49-.45l0.26-.19,0,0,0.24-.18,5.4-4.1,0.73-.56a2.79,2.79,0,0,0,.76-1.91,2.72,2.72,0,0, 0-.47-1.54h0l-0.24-.31c-5-6.37-13.06-11.75-25.65-11.75C14.11,4.72,4,12.45,4,25.31,4,39.75,16.9,42.92,29.2,46.37c9,2.52, 14,4.75,14,10s-5,7.92-12,7.92A20.23,20.23,0,0,1,14,55.1l0,0-0.08-.12-0.07-.1a2.94,2.94,0,0,0-2.39-1.21,3,3,0,0, 0-1.38.33h0l-0.28.17L3.87,57.65l-0.25.15-0.45.26A2.78,2.78,0,0,0,2,60.31a2.72,2.72,0,0,0,.29,1.24L2.59,62c5.37,8.46,14.3, 14.3,27.83,14.3,19.19,0,27.58-9.88,27.58-21C58,41.06,45.13,37.24,33,34Z"/> <path fill="#FFFFFF" d="M93.65,6H71.36a2.78,2.78,0,0,0-2.78,2.78V72.19A2.78,2.78,0,0,0,71.36,75h9.54a2.78,2.78,0,0,0,2.77-2.64V50.47h9.78c13.79, 0,28.32-3.82,28.32-22.36C121.78,9.94,108.37,6,93.65,6ZM94,38.73H83.68V21.2h0a2.78,2.78,0,0,1,2.78-2.78H94c9.5,0,12.95,3.64,12.95, 10.06C107,35.1,103.43,38.73,94,38.73Z"/> <path fill="#FFFFFF" d="M157.49,7.73a2,2,0,0,0-.1-0.28,2.78,2.78,0,0,0-2.57-1.7h-10.5a2.78,2.78,0,0,0-2.66,2L117.94,75h12a2.79,2.79,0,0,0, 2.66-2l4.64-13.42h23.48l4.37,13.13h0l0.23,0.66A2.77,2.77,0,0,0,167.81,75H181.2ZM141,48.6l8.1-23.48h0.18l7.92,23.48H141Z"/> <path fill="#FFFFFF" d="M227.86,47c9.22-2.79,14.35-8.76,14.35-19.66C242.21,12.08,232,6,215.09,6H192a2.79,2.79,0,0,0-2.78,2.78V72.19A2.79,2.79,0,0,0,192, 75h9.35a2.78,2.78,0,0,0,2.78-2.78V49h8.76l13.46,24.37,0.2,0.38h0a2.75,2.75,0,0,0,2.3,1.23h14.4Zm-13.42-9.78H204.1v-16a2.78,2.78,0,0,1, 2.78-2.78h7.56c8.76,0,12.95,2.51,12.95,9.32C227.39,34.72,223.2,37.24,214.44,37.24Z"/> <path fill="#FFFFFF" d="M307.38,52.08l-0.11,0-8.56-1.9h0l-0.43-.1a2.18,2.18,0,0,0-.37,0,2.77,2.77,0,0,0-2.58,1.75h0c0,0.14-.08.27-0.13,0.41h0c-2.48, 7.71-6.46,11.88-13.77,11.88-10.43,0-16.21-9.14-16.21-23.67,0-14.26,5.59-23.11,16-23.11,7.18,0,10.63,4.24,12.88,10.72a2.78,2.78,0,0,0, 2.66,2,2.06,2.06,0,0,0,.5-0.06h0.05l0.28-.07,0.13,0,8.69-2.54,0.36-.1a2.84,2.84,0,0,0,1.74-3.49l-0.08-.26,0,0c-3.47-10.83-11.14-18.64-27.1-18.64-17.42, 0-31.3,11.74-31.3,35.68,0,24.32,13.32,35.87,31.3,35.87,16,0,24.19-8.22,28-20.37l0,0,0.13-.44v0a3.09,3.09,0,0,0,.06-0.56A2.81,2.81,0,0,0,307.38,52.08Z"/> </g>  <g> <path fill-rule="evenodd" class="animate" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M330.51,70.17c-0.29,0-.36-0.29-0.22-0.87l16.13-27.69-32,.22a0.58,0.58,0,0,1-.65-0.65V39.86a0.75,0.75,0,0,1,.65-0.65l32,0.22L330.29, 11.74c-0.29-.29-0.22-0.58.22-0.87l1.09-.65c0.14-.29.44-0.22,0.87,0.22l15.91,27.9,15.91-27.9c0.29-.44.58-0.51,0.87-0.22l1.09,0.65a0.72,0.72,0,0, 1,.22.87L350.35,39.43l32-.22a0.58,0.58,0,0,1,.65.65v1.31a0.58,0.58,0,0,1-.65.65l-32-.22,16.13,27.69a0.63,0.63,0,0,1-.22.87l-1.09.65a0.63,0.63, 0,0,1-.87-0.22L348.39,42.7,332.47,70.6c-0.29.44-.58,0.51-0.87,0.22Z" style="fill: #d92e35"/> <path fill-rule="evenodd" class="animate" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M332,76a5.42,5.42,0,0,1-3.21-1.06l-0.32-.19a5.21,5.21,0,0,1-2.07-1.6,5.66,5.66,0,0,1-.9-5.08l0.17-.68,12.07-20.72-23.28.16a5.54,5.54, 0,0,1-5.69-5.65V39.07l0.25-.76a5.7,5.7,0,0,1,5.4-4.09l23.31,0.16L326.15,14.56a5.42,5.42,0,0,1-1-3.7,5.61,5.61,0,0,1,2.6-4.16l0.74-.45A5.22,5.22, 0,0,1,331.85,5,5.79,5.79,0,0,1,336,6.9l0.48,0.48,11.9,20.87L360.14,7.66A5.61,5.61,0,0,1,364.83,5,5.42,5.42,0,0,1,368,6.11l1.33,0.8,0.43,0.43A5.7, 5.7,0,0,1,371,13.94l-0.17.32L359.08,34.37l23.28-.16A5.54,5.54,0,0,1,388,39.86v1.31a5.53,5.53,0,0,1-5.65,5.65l-23.31-.16,12,20.56,0.17,0.5a5.59, 5.59,0,0,1-2.48,6.78l-1.48.89-0.53.17A5.66,5.66,0,0,1,359.92,73L348.39,52.79l-11.76,20.6A5.61,5.61,0,0,1,332,76Z" style="fill: #d92e35"/> </g> </svg> <span class="ac-hide">Home</span> </a> <div class="nav-menu"> <ul class="social-bar nav"> <li> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/SPARC-155218528004623" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-facebook"></i><span class="ac-hide">Facebook</span></a> </li>  <li> <a href="https://twitter.com/SPARC_NA" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-twitter"></i><span class="ac-hide">Twitter</span></a> </li>  <li> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/sparcopen/" target="_blank"><i class="fa fa-linkedin"></i><span class="ac-hide">LinkedIn</span></a> </li>  <li> <a href="/contact/"><i class="fa fa-envelope"></i><span class="ac-hide">Contact</span></a> </li>  </ul>  </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container-fluid footer-legal-block"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-md-10 col-md-offset-1"> <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" target="_blank"><img src="https://sparcopen.org/wp-content/themes/wideeyecreative/images/ccby.jpg" alt="Creative Commons"></a> <h6><a href="/privacy-policy">Privacy Policy</a>   |   © 2007 - 2025 SPARC, subject to a <a rel="license" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>. | <a href="/terms-of-use/">Terms of Use</a></h6> </div> </div> </div> </div> </footer> </div>  <script type="text/javascript"> document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", function() { // Function to check if localStorage is available function localStorageAvailable() { try { var test = "__localStorage_test__"; localStorage.setItem(test, test); localStorage.removeItem(test); return true; } catch (e) { return false; } } var exactTimeGlobal = null; if (localStorageAvailable()) { // Check if exactTimeGlobal is already stored in localStorage exactTimeGlobal = localStorage.getItem('exactTimeGlobal'); } // Common attributes and styles for hidden fields var commonAttributes = { 'aria-hidden': "true", // Accessibility tabindex: "-1", // Accessibility autocomplete: "off", // Prevent browser autofill class: "maspik-field" }; var hiddenFieldStyles = { position: "absolute", left: "-99999px" }; // Function to create a hidden field function createHiddenField(attributes, styles) { var field = document.createElement("input"); for (var attr in attributes) { field.setAttribute(attr, attributes[attr]); } for (var style in styles) { field.style[style] = styles[style]; } return field; } // Function to add hidden fields to the form if they do not already exist function addHiddenFields(formSelector, fieldClass) { document.querySelectorAll(formSelector).forEach(function(form) { if (!form.querySelector('.maspik-field')) { if ("1") { var honeypot = createHiddenField({ type: "text", name: "full-name-maspik-hp", id: "full-name-maspik-hp", class: fieldClass + " maspik-field", placeholder: "Leave this field empty" }, hiddenFieldStyles); form.appendChild(honeypot); } if ("0") { var currentYearField = createHiddenField({ type: "text", name: "Maspik-currentYear", id: "Maspik-currentYear", class: fieldClass + " maspik-field" }, hiddenFieldStyles); form.appendChild(currentYearField); } if ("0") { var exactTimeField = createHiddenField({ type: "text", name: "Maspik-exactTime", id: "Maspik-exactTime", class: fieldClass + " maspik-field" }, hiddenFieldStyles); form.appendChild(exactTimeField); } } }); } // Add hidden fields to various form types //Not suported ninja form addHiddenFields('form.brxe-brf-pro-forms', 'brxe-brf-pro-forms-field-text'); //formidable addHiddenFields('form.frm-show-form', 'frm_form_field'); addHiddenFields('form.elementor-form', 'elementor-field-textual'); // Function to set the current year and exact time in the appropriate fields function setDateFields() { var currentYear = new Date().getFullYear(); if (!exactTimeGlobal) { exactTimeGlobal = Math.floor(Date.now() / 1000); if (localStorageAvailable()) { localStorage.setItem('exactTimeGlobal', exactTimeGlobal); } } document.querySelectorAll('input[name="Maspik-currentYear"]').forEach(function(input) { input.value = currentYear; }); document.querySelectorAll('input[name="Maspik-exactTime"]').forEach(function(input) { input.value = exactTimeGlobal; }); } // Initial call to set date fields setDateFields(); // Use MutationObserver to detect AJAX form reloads and reset hidden fields var observer = new MutationObserver(function(mutations) { mutations.forEach(function(mutation) { if (mutation.type === 'childList' && mutation.addedNodes.length) { setTimeout(function() { setDateFields(); }, 500); } }); }); observer.observe(document.body, { childList: true, subtree: true }); }); </script> <style> .maspik-field { display: none !important; } </style> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://sparcopen.org/wp-content/themes/wideeyecreative/includes/features/grabfeeds/js/bxslider.js?ver=1.0" id="bxslider-js-js"></script> <script> // var slider; // jQuery(document).ready(function(){ // // Grabfeeds // if (jQuery('.bxslider').length > 0) { // slider = jQuery('.bxslider').bxSlider({ // pager: false, // mode : 'fade', // controls : false, // 'prevText': '<i class="icon icon-thin-arrow-left">a</i>', // 'nextText': '<i class="icon icon-thin-arrow-right">a</i>' // }); // } // }); </script>  <script src="https://maxcdn.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.3.5/js/bootstrap.min.js"></script> <script src="https://sparcopen.org/wp-content/themes/wideeyecreative/js/scripts.js"></script> <script src="https://sparcopen.org/wp-content/themes/wideeyecreative/js/modernizr.min.js"></script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function(){ jQuery('iframe').wrap('<div class="header-video"></div>'); }); </script> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function(){ jQuery('article a').each(function(i){ var attr = jQuery(this).attr('name'); // For some browsers, `attr` is undefined; for others, `attr` is false. Check for both. if (typeof attr !== typeof undefined && attr !== false) { // Element has this attribute jQuery(this).addClass('anchor-link'); } }); }); </script>  <script type="text/javascript"> var myFunc = debounce(function () { dateValue = contryValue(); addSearchValue({ date: "*" + dateValue + "*" }); resetTableBody(); triggerNewSearch(); }, 400); function contryValue() { return document.getElementById("date").value; } function tableElement() { return document.querySelector("tbody[sheetsu]"); } function resetTableBody() { document.querySelector("tbody[sheetsu]").innerHTML = tableRow(); } function addSearchValue(searchValue) { tableElement().setAttribute("sheetsu-search", JSON.stringify(searchValue)); } function triggerNewSearch() { var element = document.querySelector("tbody[sheetsu]"); (new ChangeGetElement(element)).call(); } function tableRow() { return '<td><a href="{{source}}">{{institution}}</a></td><td>{{date}}</td><td>{{region}}</td><td>{{publisher}}</td><td>{{considerations}}</td><td>{{outcome}}</td><td>{{savings}}</td>'; } function debounce(func, wait, immediate) { var timeout; return function() { var context = this, args = arguments; var later = function() { timeout = null; if (!immediate) func.apply(context, args); }; var callNow = immediate && !timeout; clearTimeout(timeout); timeout = setTimeout(later, wait); if (callNow) func.apply(context, args); }; }; </script> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Policy & Advocacy Priorities - SPARC